[HN Gopher] New Distro 'BlendOS' Combines Arch Linux, Fedora Lin...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       New Distro 'BlendOS' Combines Arch Linux, Fedora Linux and Ubuntu
        
       Author : brnt
       Score  : 120 points
       Date   : 2023-01-30 11:00 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blendos.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blendos.co)
        
       | VyseofArcadia wrote:
       | > A seamless blend of all Linux distributions.
       | 
       | Ah, yes, Fedora, Arch, and Ubuntu. That's all of them.
       | 
       | Edit: In retrospect this comment is a little mean, but as someone
       | who uses a distro that isn't one of the "big three", I am pretty
       | tired of the assumption that everyone runs Ubuntu et al. that you
       | frequently see in the blogosphere and elsewhere. Or even the
       | implication, as you see here, that Ubuntu et al. are the only
       | distros.
       | 
       | Might I nominate
       | 
       | > A seamless blend of your favorite Linux distributions.
       | 
       | as a tagline?
       | 
       | Big props to the creator. This is impressive work, especially for
       | one so young.
        
         | jbirer wrote:
         | > In retrospect this comment is a little mean
         | 
         | Did not really come across as mean, just a bit butthurt with a
         | dash of cringe.
         | 
         | > Or even the implication, as you see here, that Ubuntu et al.
         | are the only distros.
         | 
         | They are the only distros for the majority of people out there,
         | most popular and the ones most people know. Smaller
         | distributions need a novel feature to justify the work of
         | implementation i.e the package manager of Nix
        
         | notesinthefield wrote:
         | Not literally but considering many, many distributions are
         | derivatives of Debian/Ubuntu, RHEL or Arch, BlendOS can cast a
         | pretty wide net.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jay-barronville wrote:
         | From what I can tell, as a meta distribution, it technically
         | supports a lot more distributions, but Arch, Ubuntu, and Fedora
         | are the highlighted (and officially supported) ones.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jay-barronville wrote:
           | Also, no need to be a jerk about it.
        
             | VyseofArcadia wrote:
             | You're right, it was jerky. Thanks for the callout.
        
               | jay-barronville wrote:
               | Respect!
        
               | helf wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
             | ihateyouall123 wrote:
             | [dead]
        
             | merd94xn8t wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
         | pxc wrote:
         | Perhaps 'all distros' is more aspirational? I hope so, because
         | while I see less use for more conventional distros like those
         | currently given, something similar could be a really nice
         | escape hatch for distros with less conventional, less
         | compatible bases. Combining a distro like Fedora with one like
         | NixOS, GuixSD, Alpine, Void Linux, etc. could be much more
         | valuable.
         | 
         | BlendOS also looks like it could be quite nice for developers
         | who want to be able to quickly build and test locally for a few
         | major distros.
        
         | uoaei wrote:
         | > I am pretty tired of the assumption that everyone runs Ubuntu
         | et al.
         | 
         | It is a fact of statistics, and a fact of your personal choices
         | vis a vis others' personal choices. But then I consider the
         | language implying victimization, and I wonder why you react in
         | that way.
        
         | BossingAround wrote:
         | > > A seamless blend of all Linux distributions.
         | 
         | > Ah, yes, Fedora, Arch, and Ubuntu. That's all of them.
         | 
         | I think the idea is to be able to run applications distributed
         | via Pacman, DNF, and apt (which encompasses many more distros
         | than the named three) rather than needlessly put every single
         | distro into one. It is poorly worded, I'll give you that.
        
           | pxc wrote:
           | > I think the idea is to be able to run applications
           | distributed via Pacman, DNF, and apt (which encompasses many
           | more distros than the named three) rather than needlessly put
           | every single distro into one. It is poorly worded, I'll give
           | you that.
           | 
           | It doesn't really work that way, though. Compatibility runs
           | deeper than that. You can't generally just take a Fedora
           | package and install it on openSUSE or vice-versa, even though
           | you can run DNF on both.
           | 
           | Same for any two releases of a given distro. You can only
           | reliably do this kind of thing where one distro is directly
           | downstream of one another, version for version, like Pop and
           | Ubuntu.
           | 
           | Proprietary software's Linux repos often obscure this, by
           | shipping a big runtime for a package, bundling a ton of deps,
           | so you may not notice this if you only ever add repos for
           | Chrome and Discord via their vendors or whatever. (Not
           | recommended, btw-- proprietary software repos for Linux
           | distros are notoriously ill-behaved, often in a way that
           | poses a security risk.)
        
       | BossingAround wrote:
       | It is an interesting idea, though the documentation being heavily
       | focused on the mac ecosystem tells me that I'm not the target
       | audience.
        
       | pfoof wrote:
       | Is Rudra the new Bellard?
        
       | jay-barronville wrote:
       | I'm very impressed that Rudra is apparently 13 years old and has
       | built this. Despite the fact that I started coding around 12
       | years old, I'm pretty sure I wasn't capable of building something
       | like this at 13. That's really awesome. His parents should be
       | proud!
        
         | athorax wrote:
         | He should be proud :)
        
         | H4ZB7 wrote:
         | I thought all distros were created by 13 year olds?
        
         | still_grokking wrote:
         | > Despite the fact that I started coding around 12 years old,
         | I'm pretty sure I wasn't capable of building something like
         | this at 13.
         | 
         | With 13 you're (at least) in 6 grade. Don't underestimate what
         | one can expect from a six-grader!
         | 
         | Also we have now YouTube tutorials and Stack Overflow...
         | 
         | Still I would not touch this thing. Someone with 13 does not
         | have enough experience to manage serious software projects, no
         | matter how smart the kid may be. (And given the idea here, I'm
         | not even sure this kid is actually smart.)
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | I think 13 year olds can make great software, and I have no
           | doubt that the person who made this is intelligent.
           | 
           | Like any distro, I would probably not trust it in production
           | until it's been around awhile (though I might play with it).
           | This isn't a product of the creators age, though, just a
           | product of hacker culture.
        
         | luisivan wrote:
         | Completely mind blowing
        
       | ehutch79 wrote:
       | I'm surprised they're advertising immutability on here.
       | 
       | One of the issues many commenters on hacker news have with MacOS
       | is SIP which is exactly this. "If random binaries on my system
       | can't overwrite kernel modules on disk, it's oppression!"
        
         | kitsunesoba wrote:
         | On the contrary, I like having SIP turned on so long as there's
         | a a way to turn it off. With as many 0days as there are
         | floating around now and how sophisticated phishing and social
         | engineering is becoming, I don't want to make things any easier
         | for a bad actor than I have to... anything that can reduce the
         | impact crater is good. Yeah I write software for a living but
         | that doesn't mean I'm magically immune to this stuff, and I so
         | rarely need to modify the root filesystem any more that it's
         | not much of an inconvenience.
        
         | ElijahLynn wrote:
         | What is SIP?
        
           | alex_suzuki wrote:
           | System Integrity Protection - a macOS feature that basically
           | makes your ,,system partition" read-only.
        
         | pkulak wrote:
         | With Linux, the word "immutable" (in the context of a file
         | system) doesn't ever actually mean it can't be changed. Here's
         | it explained better than I ever could:
         | 
         | https://blog.verbum.org/2020/08/22/immutable-%E2%86%92-repro...
        
         | monsieurbanana wrote:
         | Imagine confusing SIP for Nix
        
           | oneplane wrote:
           | Imagine confusing Nix for something a large user base
           | actually wants.
           | 
           | To clarify: SIP is a world-wide large-scale security
           | improvement that people need, especially those that have no
           | clue how their stuff works. Nix is a technical feat that has
           | almost no reach.
        
             | pxc wrote:
             | No, you're missing something here. What people are after
             | with immutable Linux isn't generally security like SIP
             | provides. 'Immutable Linux' is about many of the features
             | Nix provides, like atomicity of upgrades and rollbacks. But
             | it still also has a packaged base, unlike macOS, and is
             | generally more flexible than any tools for interacting with
             | the base system.
             | 
             | macOS uses a snapshotting filesystem by default but doesn't
             | let you create labeled snapshots, or enable automatic
             | snapshotting without cluttering your snapshot list with
             | time-based snapshots or enabling auto-pruning.
             | 
             | macOS doesn't have any of the features that help with
             | disaster recovery, reverting upgrades, etc., that draw
             | people towards immutable Linux, snapshotting filesystems,
             | etc. This is true of not just NixOS and GuixSD, but also
             | Fedora Silverblue, openSUSE MicroOS, and to some extent
             | even non-immutable distros that run snapper integrations
             | with their package managers, and so on.
             | 
             | On the other hand, part of what people are after with
             | immutable Linux is greater separation from the base system
             | and applications, which macOS 10+ has always had.
             | 
             | The post you're replying to is (rudely, dismissively)
             | noting a disconnect between what people in the Linux
             | community (relevant for this article!) and perhaps also on
             | HN actually care for in immutable OSes and the idea that
             | SIP should be agreeable to the same crowd because it is
             | about 'immutability'. And it's right!
        
               | oneplane wrote:
               | tl;dr: agree, but there are some valuable semantics that
               | matter more than we think.
               | 
               | Do you truly in your deepest heart of hearts believe that
               | the over 2 billion users that get SIP have any clue about
               | what you are talking about? ;-) (probably also what
               | you're getting at anyway)
               | 
               | You wrote about a bunch of facts, which are true, but it
               | also misses the forest for the trees in a different way.
               | Even if you paid everyone to use Nix, they wouldn't be
               | doing it, because it doesn't fit within their use case
               | ergonomics.
               | 
               | And then there are the technical facts, SIP isn't the
               | same as immutability, it's a mandatory access control
               | where root isn't getting any special treatment. I suppose
               | from a end-user's perspective the 'result' feels similar:
               | no matter how much sudo and su you type,
               | writing/modifying isn't happening.
               | 
               | That is what I was getting at in general: immutability
               | (and reproducible builds of course! without those, what
               | is the point of immutability, what would we measure it
               | against?) is surprisingly little-understood for what it
               | is. As you point out, you can for example use it as a
               | chain of snapshots that with writes can go forward in
               | time but never backwards. Or you could see it as a
               | package-based construction where the packages and their
               | contents are not mutable, but which package you use is.
               | Or if we'd be talking about layers, we could have a
               | union-esque representation of multiple immutable layers
               | together forming a complete rootfs.
               | 
               | As far as I understand, BlendOS is mainly Arch + Docker,
               | but with some added WSL2-like UI sugar. That makes it
               | about as immutable as Docker itself, which is to say:
               | depends on how you configure it, since there are no
               | mutability guarantees with docker, only intentions. You
               | can use cgroups2 to make sure the namespace will never be
               | able to write to an actual persistence store, but at that
               | point people are re-inventing ZFS.
               | 
               | SIP itself is best comparable to mandatory access
               | control, where UID 0 doesn't get to bypass MAC. But if
               | you get something that has the right entitlements, it's
               | just another ACL. Imagine getting a busybox binary with
               | the right entitlements: SIP would let you do anything.
        
               | pxc wrote:
               | > SIP itself is best comparable to mandatory access
               | control, where UID 0 doesn't get to bypass MAC.
               | 
               | Yes. And it's an area where desktop Linux is really
               | lagging-- we don't have much in the way of very simple,
               | toggleable MAC. (We just have the heavy duty stuff where
               | you have to write policies per application in a complex
               | DSL.)
               | 
               | But you can see why that's not _exciting_ , and
               | potentially even annoying, to hackers who want features
               | and capabilities. Barriers aren't fun, even when they're
               | useful and necessary.
               | 
               | > As far as I understand, BlendOS is mainly Arch +
               | Docker, but with some added WSL2-like UI sugar. That
               | makes it about as immutable as Docker itself, which is to
               | say: depends on how you configure it, since there are no
               | mutability guarantees with docker, only intentions. You
               | can use cgroups2 to make sure the namespace will never be
               | able to write to an actual persistence store, but at that
               | point people are re-inventing ZFS.
               | 
               | I admit I don't understand why Distrobox uses OCI with
               | Docker or Podman rather than LXC. Docker is centered on
               | containers that are basically glorified, heavyweight
               | processes. Docker is _for_ shipping individual
               | applications, not persistent operating system
               | environments.
               | 
               | LXC containers, on the other hand, really are system
               | containers-- they're for whole, persistent environments
               | rather than for individual, disposable processes. And LXC
               | natively supports snapshotting containers, just like you
               | might do on a VM. So with the appropriate container
               | technology, you don't need to reinvent (or leverage) a
               | CoW filesystem on the metal like ZFS or BTRFS.
               | 
               | You could totally have a tool like `blend` wrap `lxc
               | snapshot` or whatever before and after the guest package
               | manager operations to give you the ability to rollback
               | even each ad-hoc action of the various guest package
               | managers. This is how BTRFS snapshot integration works
               | for pacman via Snapper today, for example. Other package
               | managers integrate it via plugins to the same effect.
               | You'd just be applying the same technique across multiple
               | containerized systems here. You would get time travel, if
               | not reproducibility. :)
        
               | oneplane wrote:
               | If I'm not mistaken, Sun did the same thing with Solaris
               | and ZFS; rolling forwards or backwards was just a matter
               | of choosing the rootfs snapshot of choice. You can even
               | run multiple zones from the same base snapshot and have
               | their own (ephemeral) writes on their own timelines. And
               | on BSD we can do similar things with Jails.
               | 
               | Considering all those technologies (LCX, cgv2, Jails,
               | Zones, containerd etc.), you'd think we're all heading
               | for the same goal and might as well combine strengths
               | instead of yet another packaging/state manager method.
               | Maybe once Snap, Flatpak, Nix etc. all get one or two
               | generational replacements we'll get the
               | state/mutability/layered approach right (at least on
               | Linux) and we can all focus on MAC in a way that is less
               | convoluted than LSM/AppArmor etc. But I bet we'll all
               | still be in SBOM hell for years to come before that gets
               | attention again.
        
           | hackmiester wrote:
           | What does this comment mean?
        
       | rbreaves wrote:
       | Really should be including Budgie DE imho. It literally blends
       | the best things about any and all DEs as far as I am concerned.
        
       | tw1984 wrote:
       | by a 13yo kid
       | 
       | pretty impressive, surely I couldn't pull this off when I was 13.
        
         | kitsunesoba wrote:
         | Yeah, if my memory isn't failing me, at that age I think I was
         | mostly doing desktop customization stuff by downloading/making
         | Kaleidoscope schemes and wallpapers and editing resource forks
         | with ResEdit. I'd started dabbling in REALBasic and could build
         | some toy apps with it, but nothing terribly complex or useful.
         | 
         | When I see teenagers founding Linux distros and reverse
         | engineering GPUs it seems a little crazy. Impressive and good,
         | but it's hard to imagine being that technically capable at that
         | age.
        
         | lakomen wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | 28304283409234 wrote:
           | Yup. Sounds like 13 to me!
        
           | sirtomato wrote:
           | What the hell!? I started at 9 or something and I still can't
           | write anything useful
        
           | pxc wrote:
           | Praising children, even when it involves a nominal comparison
           | to oneself 'at that age' or whatever, is about celebrating
           | their successes, not actually competing with them.
        
             | chaorace wrote:
             | Technically, that's how _all_ praise is supposed to work.
             | Comparing accomplishments is a short-circuit pathway to
             | tearing others down.
        
       | Vinnl wrote:
       | A similar project is Vanilla OS (https://vanillaos.org/). It has
       | its own `apx` package manager, which has roughly the same
       | interface as apt, but also supports installing packages from
       | Fedora or Arch - though it encourages using Flatpaks where
       | possible, as the other packages run inside containers.
        
       | ilc wrote:
       | https://github.com/89luca89/distrobox ; Is what this is really
       | built on.
       | 
       | I'm guessing the rest is just chrome, and getting a base OS of
       | some form down, so you can use distrobox.
       | 
       | Read what the page says, then look one layer deeper. You may want
       | to use distrobox in on your existing machine to try things out.
        
       | deafpolygon wrote:
       | Missed a chance to call it Hydra...
        
         | doubled112 wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(operating_system)
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(software)
         | 
         | https://www.hydraos.io/
         | 
         | Already been done? Not that it changes anything, blend is a
         | pretty common word.
        
           | pxc wrote:
           | Also the first CI/CD system built on/for the Nix package
           | manager. A public instance powers the main binary caches for
           | NixOS to this day?
           | 
           | https://hydra.nixos.org/
           | 
           | https://github.com/NixOS/hydra
        
       | spicybright wrote:
       | What's the use case for this?
       | 
       | I get why it may be useful in a few situations, like you want to
       | test code for a server running a certain distro, I suppose.
       | 
       | But it's not like there's exclusive software between the three,
       | or a huge difference between them besides some pre-installed
       | software.
       | 
       | The immutable filesystem seems interesting, but I'm still not
       | sure what the advantage to it is. How would you install software
       | on a read only system?
        
         | dhruvdh wrote:
         | There are some professional software, like AMD's ROCm that only
         | work properly in a few officially supported Distro's. `amdgpu-
         | install` specifically checks what distro you are on and refuses
         | to proceed when it encounters unfamiliar OS releases. It's a
         | headache to work around.
        
         | dartharva wrote:
         | Reducing fragmentation for Linux desktop end-users?
         | 
         | Many developers only bother packaging their apps and software
         | for one platform (e.g. only on a PPA or only on the AUR), which
         | makes it hard to use on others.
        
         | yellowapple wrote:
         | The use case is that it's fucking cool :)
         | 
         | More seriously: if you're writing software for Linux, this sort
         | of thing could be a boon for packaging that software.
         | 
         | > The immutable filesystem seems interesting, but I'm still not
         | sure what the advantage to it is. How would you install
         | software on a read only system?
         | 
         | Usually it's just the root FS that's read-only; /home is
         | usually still r/w, so applications would get installed there
         | (or into some other FS that's r/w and not root). This approach
         | ain't _terribly_ new - openSUSE 's MicroOS and Valve's SteamOS
         | 3.0 are both good instances of prior art, and I'm pretty sure
         | Android and ChromeOS work similarly - but it's cool to see this
         | idea continue to catch on.
        
           | 7speter wrote:
           | Maybe I'm wrong, but I kind of think that if Linux wants
           | widespread adaption, there gas to be a one stop solution for
           | users, instead of a distro thats ideal for ML, a distro ideal
           | for video editing (looking at you davinci resolve), a distro
           | for audio editing, a distro for streaming and a distro for
           | gaming (surprisingly all distros). Maybe that involves a
           | kernel implementation that can handle all of that (seemingly
           | easier said than done) or a convergent distro, or flatpaks,
           | or scripts that seeks updates im the source code...
        
         | cassianoleal wrote:
         | > The immutable filesystem seems interesting, but I'm still not
         | sure what the advantage to it is. How would you install
         | software on a read only system?
         | 
         | I don't know about this particular system, but generally you
         | install software on overlay filesystems.
         | 
         | macOS has an immutable (by default) root filesystem. The Steam
         | Deck does that as well.
        
           | madduci wrote:
           | I think it suits very well the Kiosk use case with UI or
           | Digital Signage systems where updates are downloaded at each
           | boot.
        
             | cassianoleal wrote:
             | It does. It also suits very well the use case of the
             | personal computer and other personal devices, as
             | exemplified with macOS and the Steam Deck.
             | 
             | It helps keep the core system free of malware.
             | 
             | I'm not sure about macOS but my understanding is that the
             | Steam Deck does upgrades in a blue-green fashion so if
             | something goes wrong, the previous, known good system is
             | still available.
        
               | kitsunesoba wrote:
               | Immutable base image also reduces chances of software
               | that's not malware unintentionally screwing things up or
               | putting files in places it has no business putting them
               | (as Adobe loves to do).
               | 
               | macOS obviously has its desktop environment as part of
               | the image, which makes it difficult to accidentally
               | destroy your desktop environment, is that true of SteamOS
               | too? Seems like it'd be smart if the immutable image at
               | least included a minimal fallback like IceWM or something
               | that it spins up if say the package manager loses its
               | marbles while resolving dependencies or something and
               | eats the stock KDE install.
        
       | francis-io wrote:
       | For me, the value of Ubuntu is the community support around it.
       | I'd love this project to take off and become mainstream.
        
       | alganet wrote:
       | Made me remember of https://bedrocklinux.org/
        
         | nyanpasu64 wrote:
         | I tried Bedrock on a throwaway machine, but gave up on it
         | because Linux wouldn't sleep properly when the FUSE server
         | process got suspended before the applications with ongoing
         | filesystem operations could complete to a suspendable state:
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/bedrocklinux/comments/h8sgkk/suspen...
        
           | ParadigmComplex wrote:
           | I've looked into this further since the link you've provided.
           | I have medium/long term ideas to work around this, but
           | nothing in the short term:
           | 
           | - Ultimately this seems to trace back to a bug in the Linux
           | kernel. Sadly, I don't see any reason to believe it's going
           | to be resolved in the kernel any time soon.
           | 
           | - A potential medium-term fix is for Bedrock to offer the
           | corresponding functionality via a kernel module, and to fall
           | back to a FUSE implementation if the module is unavailable
           | (e.g. if you reboot into a kernel that breaks compatibility
           | with the module). The proper way to do this would be via
           | dkms, but is thus blocked on cross-distro dkms functionality.
           | This is a realistic route, but given limited project
           | resources it's likely quite a ways away.
           | 
           | - The long-term fix is to upstream Bedrock's required
           | functionality into the Linux kernel directly. The main issue
           | here is that we don't know _exactly_ what functionality
           | Bedrock actually needs here; it 's often changed quite a bit
           | from release to release. Keeping it out of the kernel tree -
           | and using dkms/FUSE - offers needed flexibility in Bedrock
           | Linux's pre-1.0 period.
        
       | WorldPeas wrote:
       | I really wish someone would make a blended OS of nixos and
       | ubuntu. Declarative when you need it, but dirty when you need it
       | too
        
         | tadfisher wrote:
         | nix-env (or the modern "nix profile") is how you get dirty with
         | Nix.
        
         | tbenst wrote:
         | Installing home-manager on Ubuntu is practically a blend of
         | NixOS and Ubuntu.
        
         | koiueo wrote:
         | systemd-nspawn is available in NixOS
        
       | somat wrote:
       | The primary distinguishing feature between linux distros is the
       | package manager, the secondary distinguishing feature is how the
       | network is configured, that is going away as network manager
       | becomes more common. Anyway forget the network config, my point
       | is that having more than one package manager does no one any
       | favors, so they are going to have to pick one.
        
       | forgotpwd16 wrote:
       | Goal seems similar to Bedrock but implementation* differs. This
       | one seems more desktop oriented, more stable (uses a a
       | conventional approach of containerization of other distros), but
       | also less flexible (Bedrock allows mix-and-matching even system
       | packages).
       | 
       | *It's basically Arch + distrobox which handles all the low-level
       | work.
        
       | mdwalters wrote:
       | this is amazing! can't wait to try it out!
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | What happens when the same app is installed from both RPM and
       | APT? Does it correctly say that it is already installed? Or does
       | it overwrite and cause conflicts and issues down the line?
        
         | still_grokking wrote:
         | Updating all the containers with security fixes is for sure
         | also "funny"...
        
         | forgotpwd16 wrote:
         | Installation is in distinct containers. So _probably no_ and
         | _no_.
        
       | pxc wrote:
       | How does the approach of BlendOS compare to that of Bedrock
       | Linux?1 (Site won't load for me atm, sorry.)
       | 
       | What's the process for adding/porting another distro?
       | 
       | --
       | 
       | 1: https://bedrocklinux.org/
        
         | ParadigmComplex wrote:
         | I can speak authoritatively for Bedrock Linux, although blendOS
         | is new to me. From what I can tell reading about blendOS, key
         | differences seem to be:
         | 
         | - blendOS appears to use a common host-container relationship,
         | with automation to make things in containers transparently
         | accessible in the host. Bedrock does not currently privilege a
         | section of the system like this; everything is "equal." The
         | Bedrock philosophy here is that privileging a section like this
         | is limiting; it essentially defines a section of the system
         | which must come from one distro rather than have the same
         | flexibility as other sections of being able to come from any
         | (supported) distro. The downside to Bedrock's flexibility is
         | that has a higher ceiling on complexity.
         | 
         | - blendOS's documentation refers to getting "apps" from other
         | distributions, where as Bedrock's aim is as much as it can do.
         | My guess is Bedrock lets you integrate more types of things
         | across distro boundaries. Bootloader, kernel, init, desktop
         | environments, fonts, man pages, shell completion, etc. Like the
         | previous bullet point, this can be a mixed bag and result in a
         | higher ceiling on complexity.
         | 
         | - I do _not_ see blendOS mentioning the ability to run systemd
         | services from different distros. However, it seems to be built
         | on distrobox, which does offer such a thing by leveraging
         | systemd 's ability to manage services in host-container
         | relationships, and so my guess is blendOS can or easily
         | could/will allow for such functionality. Bedrock does not
         | currently offer this. Bedrock explicitly is not containers, and
         | so it does not support multiple simultaneous init systems like
         | this. Bedrock has an alternative on the roadmap, but it's a
         | very long ways away.
         | 
         | I think a closer alternative to blendOS would be Vanilla OS
         | [0]. Like blendOS, it has an immutable "base", although it is
         | Ubuntu-based rather than Arch-based.
         | 
         | [0] https://vanillaos.org/
        
         | isp wrote:
         | I was curious about the same, so had a look round.
         | 
         | The main innovation in blendOS is the "blend" package manager:
         | https://github.com/blend-os/blend
         | 
         | Under the hood, this uses "distrobox" to create containers for
         | supported distributions: https://github.com/89luca89/distrobox
         | 
         | Supported distributions are defined in "blend" here:
         | https://github.com/blend-os/blend/blob/4e4bdd33d2de374cb01e4...
         | 
         | Additionally, there are wrappers for commands like "apt", which
         | in turn call "blend", which in turn calls "distrobox":
         | https://github.com/blend-os/blend/blob/main/pkgmanagers/apt
         | 
         | In contrast, Bedrock Linux has a quite different
         | implementation, with the most widely used strategy being based
         | on "strata" and a FUSE filesystem "crossfs". See "How does
         | Bedrock Linux Work?" on https://bedrocklinux.org/faq.html#how-
         | work
        
           | pxc wrote:
           | Right, Bedrock really plugs the various distros into each
           | other in a deep way, and offers ways to do that for many
           | components of the stack (init system, display server, network
           | management stack, etc.)
           | 
           | It sounds like the blendOS approach is a bit coarser but
           | probably also safer and less likely to be surprising to non-
           | expert users.
           | 
           | `blend` seems like it could potentially be adapted and
           | usefully added to almost any distro as a feature that users
           | could enable/install if they want, whereas Bedrock Linux
           | might be a useful upstream for more custom distros where
           | things are more tightly integrated.
           | 
           | Anyway it's cool to see a distro developer writing tools like
           | this because there's a lot to learn from Linux package
           | managers, but there's also a lot of space between the state
           | of the art and what's in common use. Writing tools like this
           | might be the kind of practice one needs for putting together
           | something next-gen which incorporates the state of the art
           | but suits mainstream tasted and benefits from hindsight.
        
       | MuffinFlavored wrote:
       | Honest question, why does anybody typically need anything other
       | than Debian? Imagine if we took all of the resources used in the
       | different flavors of BSD/Linux distributions and paired them to
       | more common goals instead of doing the same thing (package
       | management, init) slightly different ways. Seems like a huge
       | amount of waste on a massive scale.
       | 
       | edit: Debian or RHEL/CentOS due to the support contracts
        
         | jacobr1 wrote:
         | While I use debian for all my personal stuff (and years ago
         | before that - slackware ) most my employers have used RHEL or
         | CentOS due to the support contract (or potential to easy
         | transition to RHEL with support in the centos case). This
         | satisfied both compliance and contractual needs.
        
         | htag wrote:
         | I think you might be underestimating how different package
         | management is between Debian, Arch, and Fedora. This also
         | ignores the many other differences.
         | 
         | Debian stable will have packages that feel very out of date.
         | Debian unstable (sid) makes no guarantees that an update won't
         | introduce breaking changes.
         | 
         | Fedora Linux has six month major releases, so the packages feel
         | fresher than Debian stable, but are much more stable than
         | Debian unstable. The six month major release vs a rolling
         | release means twice a year you'll have to watch an update
         | carefully.
         | 
         | The barrier of entry for releasing an AUR package is
         | incompatible with my standards of system security, so I refuse
         | to use them. The official repositories feel a little bare in
         | comparison to Fedora and Debian because they have an
         | expectation that AUR will fill in any gaps.
        
         | arwineap wrote:
         | Personally I don't like debian because of how hard it is to
         | crack to make changes
         | 
         | Someone mentioned debian-testing, and I agree it gets updates
         | more quickly which is great, and solves for half the problem
         | 
         | However, when you want to make a change to one of those
         | packages, it's probably going to take me a couple days of
         | playing around with the dev tools to repackage it and install
         | 
         | Archlinux's abstractions around this are really good. You
         | download the ABS store, cd into your package and view the
         | pkgbuild file. Once you have abs downloaded, you can edit it
         | and install it like any other aur package
         | 
         | Yes, I've built my own debs, yes I've built my own rpms; abs
         | and aur are miles ahead in this regard
        
         | rgoulter wrote:
         | Different use cases / priorities, & different acceptance of
         | trade-offs.
         | 
         | Consider, say:
         | 
         | Arch Linux is bleeding edge, but requires a lot of knowledge /
         | elbow grease to get working.
         | 
         | NixOS allows for declaring the whole operating system from a
         | consistent entry point; but has a steep learning curve.
        
           | still_grokking wrote:
           | Arch Linux is most of the time not more "bleeding edge" than
           | Debian Testing.
           | 
           | But when updates didn't roll into Debian Testing timely this
           | has usually real reasons. Most of the time you don't want
           | those updates on any productive system as there are severe
           | issues. (Except when some more exotic software package
           | doesn't have a proper maintainer team behind; than updates
           | may be delayed even infinitely; but in this cases the quality
           | of the maybe existing AUR packages also often isn't good;
           | exotic stuff is just less supported everywhere.)
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | Why does anyone need to buy any car that isn't a Toyota
         | Corolla?
        
           | MuffinFlavored wrote:
           | What has a higher net-negative impact:
           | 
           | me having a personal preference on a car
           | 
           | or
           | 
           | a bunch of projects existing, working towards wasteful goals
           | instead of ceasing to exist, uniting, and working towards
           | more meaningful goals
        
             | RussianCow wrote:
             | How are these not exactly the same thing? If Toyota only
             | made one car, it would be better and cheaper, so why don't
             | they consolidate their efforts instead of "working towards
             | wasteful goals"?
        
               | MuffinFlavored wrote:
               | Me choosing to spend my extra resources (money) on
               | something that I prefer above the base (something other
               | than a Toyota Corolla) only hurts me
               | 
               | 100,000 developers across the world working on 1,000
               | different Linux distributions each with slightly
               | different takes on init + package managers (managing
               | bugs/releases/documentation) hurts the general population
               | because if they used their time (resources) on something
               | better, we'd all (potentially) benefit
        
               | still_grokking wrote:
               | This is actually a good question given the fact that our
               | resources are limited.
        
         | bradwood wrote:
         | S/Debian/Arch/ :)
         | 
         | But yeah, in principle I agree.
         | 
         | Sounds like bloatware.
        
           | 3836293648 wrote:
           | s/Arch|Debian/NixOS
           | 
           | The mutable package management model is broken by design.
           | What we need is a better interface for something that
           | actually works
        
             | ilc wrote:
             | And you all have proven the point of why we need multiple
             | distros.
             | 
             | Different goals,and different audiences.
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | Does this mean I can run yum and apt, like I always wanted? Yay!
        
       | flanked-evergl wrote:
       | Seems like it uses https://github.com/89luca89/distrobox - but
       | you can just use this directly from most Linux distros anyway.
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | > blendOS is an immutable operating system. This means your
       | filesystem is read-only, thus resulting in stable experience.
       | 
       | The only feature that makes sense in 2023.
       | 
       | Having a root user with full system r/w permissions had always
       | been a bad idea since the days of UNIX, which is not designed for
       | security uses. Now in 2023 at least one distro makes the change
       | to a fully read-only file system, by default.
       | 
       | Perhaps smashing up the popular distros that have caused this
       | Linux desktop fragmentation for years into an all-in-one fully
       | compatible single distro is the only hope of a Linux desktop
       | standard coming out of this rather than the confusing 'choice'
       | contraption that no-one can define Linux Desktop support for.
        
         | still_grokking wrote:
         | Now you have a non-root user who can do whatever he wants in a
         | gazillion of containers.
         | 
         | Seems like a clear security win. /s
        
         | ciupicri wrote:
         | We had Live CDs since around 2003 if not earlier.
         | 
         | Today we also have Fedora IoT [1] & Silverblue [2].
         | 
         | [1]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/iot/
         | 
         | [2]: https://silverblue.fedoraproject.org/about
        
         | hulitu wrote:
         | what's wrong with
         | 
         | mount -o ro,remount /
         | 
         | ?
        
           | jraph wrote:
           | A lot of stuff, sometimes subtle, may start breaking if you
           | do this on a distribution that's not designed for it.
           | 
           | You might have unattended upgrades that fail for instance. Or
           | journal logs failing to be saved.
           | 
           | It can work, but it needs work.
        
       | felixg3 wrote:
       | Before people come to early conclusions, remember that this is
       | done by Rudra Saraswat, a known figure in the FOSS scene. I guess
       | it's more than just another distro doomed to die quickly.
        
         | pxc wrote:
         | Is that the kid who maintains Unity 7 these days? My (very
         | distant) impression is that he gets taken seriously by
         | collaborators because he does serious work, so he's not limited
         | to gimmicks. I don't think he makes stuff just to put his name
         | on it, but because he really wants to do something.
         | 
         | The creator of one of my favorite distros from my own childhood
         | also started as a Linux distro developer when he was in high
         | school. By the time he went to college he wrote his own
         | (excellent) package manager from scratch for the distro that
         | grew out of those same efforts. blendOS might grow into
         | something that surprises all of us some day. :)
        
       | pkulak wrote:
       | Anyone know how the immutability is handled? I've seen OSTree,
       | btrfs snapshots, and partition swapping in the wild; very
       | interested to know the take here.
        
         | isp wrote:
         | I was curious about this too, so went digging.
         | 
         | The immutability is handled by "nearly", created for blendOS:
         | https://github.com/blend-os/nearly
         | 
         | (In turn, "nearly" is called by the "blend" package manager,
         | e.g., "sudo nearly enter rw", "sudo nearly enter ro" -
         | https://github.com/blend-os/blend/blob/main/blend)
         | 
         | At the heart of "nearly" is toggling inode flag
         | "FS_IMMUTABLE_FL" (equivalent to "chattr +i" / "chattr -i") on
         | each file within specified directories (currently "/usr"):
         | https://github.com/blend-os/nearly/blob/3bb6f662818545cba1eb...
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-01-30 23:02 UTC)