[HN Gopher] Calculators now emulated at Internet Archive
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Calculators now emulated at Internet Archive
        
       Author : sohkamyung
       Score  : 263 points
       Date   : 2023-01-29 08:40 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.archive.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.archive.org)
        
       | notpushkin wrote:
       | When I was a child, I've had a Elektronika MK-61. [0] Not a
       | graphing calculator, but it could be programmed. My father wrote
       | some simple game for it (I think it was Bulls and Cows). I wanted
       | to port Heroes of Might and Magic, not realizing that it's way
       | too ambitious :-)
       | 
       | Here's an online emulator you can play around with:
       | http://mk-61.moy.su/emulator.html
       | 
       | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronika_MK-61
        
         | jhallenworld wrote:
         | I bought one recently on eBay from a seller in Ukraine (despite
         | the war, shipping is still up- from Kiev at least). I also
         | bought its brother, an MK-52.
         | 
         | These calculators are interesting:
         | 
         | Extremely slow: inverse sin takes ~3 seconds.
         | 
         | Dead keyboard: they use foam for the key spring so there is
         | almost no action. The plastic keys touch membrane contacts.
         | 
         | Leading digits are required before the decimal point: .5 is not
         | allowed, you have to enter 0.5.
         | 
         | The result is only printed in scientific notation: so 1 / 5
         | gives 2e-1
         | 
         | MK-52: has non-volatile memory. You transfer between RAM and
         | EEPROM via some extra functions.
         | 
         | Even with all these limitations, they are nice RPN programmable
         | calculators with vacuum fluorescent displays. It's cool that
         | they are made with an independent (from the rest of the world)
         | electronics fabrication system.
         | 
         | Like Soviet radios, you get a copy of the schematics along with
         | the calculator.
         | 
         | To get an idea, here are translations of the Cyrillic keys:
         | 
         | https://www.thimet.de/CalcCollection/Calculators/Elektronika...
        
       | whoisthisguy wrote:
       | TI-89 basically saved my ass in collage. Not only that, I was the
       | fourth "best student" in collage based on grade average. I modded
       | the firmware so I was able to upload text docs organised in
       | folders. Text filed had TOC, that made navigation easier. I was
       | also able to search within those files.
       | 
       | If you became fluent using all features of TI-89 (integration,
       | derivation, diff. eqs., shortcut keys etc.) and you had a solid
       | abstract understanding of the subject (which of course required
       | some studying), TI-89 basically got the rest of the job done in
       | minutes. TI-89 was magic.
        
         | lambdaxymox wrote:
         | I had a TI-89 I got in 9th grade and had through the end of
         | college, but I found I had the opposite experience with it. A
         | goodly number of my engineering classmates used their TI-89s as
         | a crutch and forgot most of the details of solving e.g.
         | differential equations and computing integrals. In my case I
         | found it faster to do most of the problem solving by hand, and
         | I just used the calculator to punch in the numbers to get the
         | final answer. I found after a while that my TI-89 just sat in
         | my backpack doing nothing most of the time and all I needed was
         | a scientific calculator for most things. About the only time I
         | found it really useful was for solving for stability
         | characteristics and tuning tedious PID loops for control
         | systems problems. Solving characteristic polynomials for poles
         | and zeros was just a pain in the neck.
         | 
         | It had a nice side effect of saving my bacon several times on
         | final exams. On my engineering electromagnetics final I forgot
         | to change the batteries in my TI-89 the night before and the
         | calculator didn't work. I ended up having to re-derive a small
         | bit of transmission line theory from scratch in order to solve
         | the problems. I somehow managed to be one of the first people
         | done anyway. I did have fun making arcade game clones and
         | custom boot screens in assembly on it though.
        
         | pwdisswordfishc wrote:
         | And here I thought calculators are not suited for artistic
         | pursuits.
        
         | varrock wrote:
         | Can you further expand on uploading text docs? I'm not sure I
         | understand why that helped you. Also, what did you get your
         | degree in?
        
           | codetrotter wrote:
           | I'm wondering too. I remember when I was in HS, one of my
           | teachers said that they could easily spot if anyone was
           | cheating with their calculators because almost all of the
           | students that were not cheating would be focused on reading
           | and writing by hand most of the time, and only occasionally
           | reach for their calculator to calculate something with it. If
           | someone was paying an abnormal amount of attention to their
           | calculator, it could indicate that they had for example put
           | notes on the calculator, or had some extra programs that had
           | features outside of the allowed ones. So then the teacher
           | might sneak up behind the student and have a glance at what
           | they were doing on the calculator.
           | 
           | Also, to try and combat those kinds of things my school
           | always had us show them the list of programs on our TI-84
           | Plus calculators before a test started, and we had to delete
           | anything outside of what was allowed. That being said I think
           | the calculator can be modded with custom things that could be
           | hidden. So probably the best way of preventing people from
           | cheating was by paying attention to who was using the
           | calculator too much.
        
             | realo wrote:
             | The best way to prevent cheating is to forbid all
             | calculators during the exam ...
        
           | whoisthisguy wrote:
           | I was majoring in CS in one collage and doing Business
           | Management in another collage. Both had class that required
           | us to memorise tons of lexical knowledge. For example I had
           | two semesters of Corporate Finances. Lot of formulas (100+)
           | had to be remembered to calculate different KPIs a
           | corporation. I had all these formulas in a notes uploaded to
           | the calculator. If a test questions required one to use, I
           | opened up my notes, looked up the formula and used it. TI-89
           | was able to use variables, solve equations for different
           | variables and convert units. Using the right shortcuts I just
           | plugged in the numbers. Of course I understood how to apply
           | these formulas, I just didn't have the patience to memorise
           | them. Another class was Psychology. Had to memorise a
           | complete book. No way I would do that. Instead collected
           | notes from friends, organised them, digitised them, created
           | well structured Table of Contents (all took about two days),
           | uploaded to the calculator and used it during tests. You
           | might ask why it was allowed to use a calculator during a
           | Psychology final test? Answer is easy. At those times no
           | teacher could image that notes could be stored in a
           | calculator. TI-89 was just released, hardy available in the
           | EU. So if they saw me playing with the calculator they
           | thought probably the kiddo doesn't know anything and just
           | pushes buttons to spend time.
        
             | warning26 wrote:
             | tl;dr cheating on exams
        
         | canadianfella wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | jb1991 wrote:
       | even all these years later, despite that I have all these
       | computing devices around me, I still feel like a kid in the candy
       | store when I look at this. I was growing up in Mexico and very
       | very occasionally I would see a kid with one of these old-school
       | graphing calculators and just be super jealous. I did not get a
       | chance to actually use one until I was an adult
        
         | ilyt wrote:
         | I eventually just bought a modern clone from
         | https://www.swissmicros.com/products
         | 
         | It even works with original printer. That for some reason still
         | had replacement printer heads available in ~2018 and I managed
         | to fix it.
        
       | jszymborski wrote:
       | Anyone else remember playing a port of the arcade game Phoenix on
       | their TI-84 plus?
       | 
       | Almost everyone at my HS got it through a sneakernet of seniors.
        
         | dharmab wrote:
         | Heck, I had an entire Final Fantasy fangame on mine. And an OS
         | with file browser and GUI.
        
       | chacha21 wrote:
       | Desktop calculators are the best. Shame on computers !
       | 
       | https://chachatelier.fr/chalk/article/chalk.html#toc-14
        
       | wcfields wrote:
       | I'm here for the games, possible to have a fully loaded one with
       | ti-calc.org conenction?
        
       | krab wrote:
       | What does it mean that it's an "Access-restricted-item"? For
       | example TI-81 https://archive.org/details/ti81-calculator
        
         | textfiles wrote:
         | Modifications done to make it run in the browser make it
         | historically / archivally problemstic, so it's restricting
         | downloads. There is nothing related to these calculators not
         | available in other locations on or offf the archive.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | Works for me.
        
         | winterqt wrote:
         | I presume that it's stream-only, as in it can't be downloaded
         | with a button. (Now, if that means that you can't grab whatever
         | it's downloading by inspecting the requests, that's a different
         | story.)
        
       | Narishma wrote:
       | Is there a reason they only have graphing calculators?
        
         | textfiles wrote:
         | I only added the calculators that have the artwork setting.
         | Otherwise you look at a single line or LCD. The blog post
         | discusses this.
        
       | NKosmatos wrote:
       | My beloved TI-85 is there and brings back so many memories. It
       | served me well all those years at the university and then some.
       | It's screen is somewhat broken, so it's good that we have an easy
       | way to emulate it.
        
         | travbrack wrote:
         | I had one too. I guess I did math on it, but I remember much
         | more clearly downloading games to it via the graph link cable.
         | I spent hours playing Tetris in math class.
        
           | NKosmatos wrote:
           | Yes, the exchange of games and other programs was something
           | that gave fame to this series of calculators. I also remember
           | we had a fake program emulating the reset so we could avoid
           | having our TIs wiped by the exam supervisor. Not proud of it,
           | but I had a few formulas/macros on many exams :-)
        
       | chx wrote:
       | Where do I report a bug? There's no such thing as a HP48GP. It
       | seems that's a HP48G+
       | 
       | That calculator, even thirty years later is close to my heart. As
       | far as I can remember, it was my first Internet purchase lightly
       | used -- I was still in Hungary and I bought it from the USA --
       | and then we stacked four SRAM ICs on top of each other with most
       | legs simple melted together vertically except for the select
       | ones. Hand soldering SMT parts, yay -- a buddy did it, I am not
       | crafty enough for that. In essence it became a much more
       | expensive 48GX without the expansion slot. Dave Arnett himself
       | was participating in these conversations, back then, which blew
       | my mind.
       | https://groups.google.com/g/comp.sys.hp48/c/CS0lTpKkBHw/m/vn...
        
         | db48x wrote:
         | I remember thinking about upgrading my HP48G when I was in high
         | school. In the end I saved up and bought the HP48GX plus a
         | calculus expansion card instead. That came in handy for the
         | Calculus and Physics classes I had that year.
         | 
         | The funniest thing I ever did back then was to hook up the
         | serial port to a 1200 baud modem with lots of big red
         | blinkenlights. I found a simple terminal emulator program and
         | used it to dial out to the county public library system, which
         | offered free email addresses. Once I got it working, I
         | carefully coiled up my custom serial cable and a phone cord of
         | sufficient length in a plastic bag and took them to school with
         | me. Just before lunch near the end of calculus class I quietly
         | got up and strung the cable across the room to a phone jack.
         | Then I went back to my desk, typed in the AT command to start
         | dialing, and grinned as the screech of the modem brought the
         | lecture to an early conclusion. Of course my teacher was
         | annoyed, but even he had join the laughter when I told him that
         | I was just checking my email.
         | 
         | Even funnier if you knew that I spent most of my lunch hours
         | either in my Physics teacher's classroom playing spades (he
         | taught the Calculus class right after lunch, which was
         | convenient), or in the library where they had some terminals
         | plugged into the card catalog system. You could break out of
         | their telnet session and then telnet to wherever you wanted, so
         | I often spent my lunch hour by checking my email (and then
         | logging into a bulletin board to play the door games), so the
         | modem wasn't actually necessary.
         | 
         | Incidentally, I changed the title on
         | https://archive.org/details/hp48gp-calculator to "HP48G+", as
         | you suggested. Changing the identifier is a rather more fraught
         | process akin to deleting the item and reuploading it, so I'll
         | let it be. And I bet the MAME driver is named "hp48gp", so it's
         | fine.
        
           | chx wrote:
           | Now that you mention, I made a serial cable out of a CD audio
           | cable, it was using the same connector just needed a DB9
           | soldered on the cut off end...
           | 
           | Thanks for upgrading the title.
        
             | db48x wrote:
             | You're welcome.
             | 
             | Now that you mention it, I don't recall where I sourced the
             | connector for the serial port. There was nothing unusual
             | about it the connector, but I no longer remember that
             | detail; oh well.
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | > here's no such thing as a HP48GP.
         | 
         | maybe the P is for "plus"
        
           | czx4f4bd wrote:
           | Indeed, if you search for "HP48GP", you'll find a few sites
           | offering the ROM in a file named hp48gp.zip. I suspect that's
           | the source of the mistake.
        
         | zrkrlc wrote:
         | Got my HP50g in my last year of uni (physics) and I only wish
         | I'd learned to depend on it sooner. Would have been fun
         | figuring out calculus wizardry with a lisp-like language from
         | the get-go.
        
       | anthk wrote:
       | I think there are free as in freedom ROMs for TI and HP
       | calculators out there.
        
       | marethyu wrote:
       | Wondering if all these emulators are open sourced
        
         | textfiles wrote:
         | Yes.
        
         | tomashubelbauer wrote:
         | My understanding is this is all done using MAME all of which is
         | open source. Is this incorrect?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | It looks like MAME is emulating the hardware but where do the
           | ROMs come from?
        
             | db48x wrote:
             | Copied right out of the original rom chips; where else?
        
               | guerrilla wrote:
               | They could have rewritten them themselves or just
               | emulated them is where else. If they are just imaged from
               | the original ROM chips, then is it legal to host them
               | here and if so why? Is it not piracy or do they have
               | permission or even cooperation, e.g. from TI? Or has
               | their copyright (not sure if that's the right concept
               | here) expired?
        
               | db48x wrote:
               | Lol, of course there's no cooperation from the copyright
               | holders; that would cost real money and generate no
               | revenue. And the copyright, as usual for works created in
               | the US, lasts for the lifetime of the author plus 70
               | years. These things won't be out of copyright for at
               | least a century, so piracy is the only option.
               | 
               | If the copyright holders complain, IA will make the
               | complained-about items dark. That means nobody can see
               | them, though without actually losing any of the files or
               | metadata. If anyone remembers the dark calculators a
               | century from now, someone at IA will be able to reverse
               | the decision and make them available to the public again.
        
               | guerrilla wrote:
               | > that would cost real money and generate no revenue.
               | 
               | This isn't necessarily true. In fact, it could be the
               | opposite. It may be very good PR for them and could cost
               | as little as some board meetings and some lawyers' time.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | The don't want to encourage undermining their school
               | calculator sales scam in any way.
        
               | db48x wrote:
               | Tens of thousands in cost for $0 revenue. You can't
               | measure good will, and probably only a few hundred people
               | would even notice. HP's advertising department doesn't
               | get out of bed unless they're doing a television
               | commercial to be seen by a million people or more. That
               | means printers, not 40 year old calculators.
        
               | guerrilla wrote:
               | I don't know why you have your head stuck in a rock.
               | Corporations spend trillions on good PR and they have a
               | plethora of ways to measure how they profit from it.
               | "Good will" _is_ branding and advertising.
        
               | db48x wrote:
               | Yet somehow they never ever help emulators. Nintendo
               | actively hunts down sources of roms and destroys them,
               | year after year. For every game they've ever made, even
               | for games you've never heard of (all except that one
               | single game that they licensed to someone else 40 years
               | ago). EA kills off a few games every year, and those are
               | usually just a few years old and still have players. A
               | company called Atlus sued its own fans when they created
               | a server emulator for an MMO that Atlus was shutting down
               | (<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qS6oBjK8AwQ>). Software
               | companies just do not care about the good will of their
               | own customers.
        
             | schneems wrote:
             | Same question. I would like to see the code.
             | 
             | The 89 is quite a feat of engineering and can do stuff like
             | simplifying algebraic equations on the fly.
             | 
             | I always wanted something like a cross between the 89 and a
             | spreadsheet where I could see my math represented as an
             | algebraic formula to double check that everything was wired
             | up.
             | 
             | I've always wondered how all of it worked inside the 89
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | IA seems to host a whole lot of copyrighted content.
        
           | 8bitsrule wrote:
           | Library!
        
           | gigagigachad wrote:
           | Nice username!
        
           | theragra wrote:
           | If i remember correctly, they lean on either agreements with
           | rights holders or the fair use doctrine. Sometimes going as
           | far as to the court.
        
       | philistine wrote:
       | I taught myself programming on a TI-81 by making a blackjack
       | game. I'm not a programmer by trade, but a hobbyist. Still,
       | turning on that 81 and inputting a GOTO brought back memories.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | That was sort of my intro to programming as well, though
         | decidedly less cool than a game.
         | 
         | I got really tired of typing out my physics equations by hand,
         | and I was also bad at memorizing them for physics class, so I
         | decided to cheat and write a program for the calculator that
         | basically "plugged in" a lot of the equations for me.
         | 
         | It ended up being debateably useful, but honestly the act of
         | writing the programs ended up actually being a reasonably good
         | way for me to learn the equations anyway, so I kept it up
         | throughout high school as a form of studying.
        
           | progman32 wrote:
           | I loved writing programs like that during tests, really saved
           | time for common operations. I was also very prone to
           | mechanical errors so this saved me from that too. It was
           | often easier in a multiple choice question to just have the
           | calculator brute force the answers while I worked on the next
           | problem. Totally permitted usage.
        
       | Thorentis wrote:
       | This was the first I'd heard of the IA hosting emulations, and
       | the first time heating of MAME. Incredible! Thinking about it
       | now, it makes perfect sense. What's the point in archiving all
       | this vintage software if you can't run it? Archiving emulations
       | of eg consoles and having open spruce software to run the
       | emulations is the perfect solution. Wonderful work by IA as
       | usual.
        
       | LeoPanthera wrote:
       | See also: "Calculator forensics"
       | https://www.rskey.org/~mwsebastian/miscprj/forensics.htm
       | 
       | A fast way of identifying calculators that have identical
       | internal math, and a crude way of judging their quality.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | That is damn cool.
        
       | implements wrote:
       | https://archive.org/details/hp48gx-calculator
       | 
       | - is also available as a free iOS app:
       | 
       | https://apps.apple.com/gb/app/ihp48/id1549608953
       | 
       | - the latter seemingly well regarded by the HP calculator
       | enthusiasts at:
       | 
       | https://forum.swissmicros.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=2836
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | I use iHP48 as my default calculator app on my iPhone, and I do
         | really like it, but it's a little irritating too, the main
         | problem being that you have to be very slow and deliberate when
         | typing out numbers. If you type numbers too fast it will likely
         | drop a few. This isn't a problem most of the time, but I find
         | it's an issue when I need to have multiple of the same digit
         | (e.g. multiplying by 1000).
        
       | mmcgaha wrote:
       | Is it just me or is the 49g not working?
        
         | lenjao wrote:
         | Same for me unfortunately
        
         | gwhl wrote:
         | It boots in the No-ROM-found mode.
         | 
         | Funnily I updated the ROMs of 2 HP 49g this weekend through
         | that exact screen.
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | No CASIOs :\
        
         | FartyMcFarter wrote:
         | MAME also emulates at least one CASIO calculator (CFX-9850G).
        
         | chongli wrote:
         | Ahhh too bad. My current favourite calculator is a $10 CASIO
         | fx-260 Solar II. It's really compact, it doesn't use VPAM, it's
         | really simple to use (no menus to navigate or anything like
         | that).
        
           | mikewarot wrote:
           | I really like the $10 white Casio solar I got at CVS. It does
           | a really good job with degrees/minutes/seconds which came in
           | handy when doing gear setups.
        
       | pcmoore wrote:
       | What's a good simple calculator for programmers? Easy
       | entry/conversion of hex and binary but simple arithmetic with
       | possible shifts. I don't need to do trigonometry.
        
         | pwg wrote:
         | HP produced the HP-16C for programmers a long time ago:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-16C
         | 
         | Swiss Micro seems to be producing clones:
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/SwissMicros-DM16L/dp/B01DYTVZF2
        
           | fbdab103 wrote:
           | I know a guy who keeps one of these on his desk today. Thing
           | must be 20+ years old. He claims it is the only calculator he
           | can use now.
        
           | Tor3 wrote:
           | I have one, bought it new many decades ago. If the SwissMicro
           | clones have as good keys as the old HP originals then I
           | wouldn't hesitate buying one of those if you're interested in
           | a 16C.
        
         | jimmaswell wrote:
         | I use WolframAlpha for everything
        
           | pcmoore wrote:
           | I'm looking for a physical calculator
        
             | jameshart wrote:
             | Why?
             | 
             | Calculators are a relic of when we used to require separate
             | single function devices to accomplish anything, like VCRs,
             | Cameras, GPS receivers, music samplers, or transistor
             | radios.
             | 
             | There is nothing a physical calculator can do that an
             | IPython session can't. And a physical calculator can't copy
             | paste the result where you want it (except modern phone
             | camera OCR has I guess got to the point where you could
             | probably grab the result off a calculator screen).
             | 
             | Outside of cases where you need dedicated pieces of
             | hardware to accomplish a task, like motors or heating
             | elements or something, there's very little reason for
             | preferring a dedicated device these days over a software or
             | app equivalent. And even then, a version of the hardware
             | that hooks up to a general purpose device to use its input
             | and screen is likely the most useful form factor.
             | 
             | Modern 'single function devices' are most likely actually
             | just low power multifunction computers running most of the
             | functionality in software anyway.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | Dedicated physical buttons are far superior to
               | 'universal' touchscreen interfaces, if the thing you need
               | fits on them.
               | 
               | And having a separate dedicated device helps having a
               | workflow that doesn't invite distraction or context
               | switching on a universal device, so having a dedicated
               | device often is a reasonable intentional choice even if
               | the same functionality is already available on another
               | non-dedicated device.
        
               | jameshart wrote:
               | You can buy dedicated physical buttons and plug them into
               | a computer. They're called 'keyboards'.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | Some even come in a format specialized for numerical data
               | entry. They're called "numpads". :)
        
               | Tor3 wrote:
               | I use a computer, and, as you mentioned later, one with a
               | keyboard connected. However, except for simple stuff I
               | still reach for my phone which has an HP emulator
               | running, to do calculations with what looks like an
               | actual calculator. Except that it doesn't have those very
               | special old HP calculator buttons, so it's much worse
               | than the real thing (I have an HP 16C laying around, but
               | not a general style HP). But still preferable to the
               | computer. So, here I am, with a computer and having used
               | computers daily for close to half a century, and _still_
               | grabbing for a dedicated thing for doing certain types of
               | calculations.
        
       | eole666 wrote:
       | For those looking for a more usable emulator for every day life,
       | some have been available for years. Having a ti 86 emulated on my
       | phone was great when I was a student (and way cheaper than a real
       | one..). http://fms.komkon.org/ATI85/
        
         | db48x wrote:
         | I use an HP48 emulator on my phone for day-to-day mathematical
         | tasks.
        
       | throw0101c wrote:
       | Next up: slide rules (?).
        
         | middicab wrote:
         | Done: https://www.sliderules.org/
        
         | 8bitsrule wrote:
         | Versalog was King.
         | 
         | http://www.srtco.us/PostCrossRef/SubPages/1460%5B1950-%5D.ht...
        
       | bane wrote:
       | Despite being a terrible price/per unit technology, I loved my TI
       | calculators, but I was always sort of out of sync with everybody
       | else trying to chase more symbolic math power. Everybody using a
       | TI-82? I'll get a TI-85. School system migrates to the TI-85?
       | I'll get a TI-86! University wanted a TI-89, I'll get the Amiga
       | in a box TI-92+.
       | 
       | The downside? The teachers were only trained on a specific model,
       | so I was always on my own. Good side? I was on my own to do
       | whatever I wanted with these things. I turned my TI-86 into an
       | animation flipbook and rogue-light dungeon explorer using TI-
       | basic and the drawing tools on the calc. I loaded my TI-92+ down
       | with games and even tried to write a shmup for it while learning
       | C using an absolutely terrible early dev environment I pulled off
       | of ticalc.org.
       | 
       | The ecosystem of hackers, apps, and gamers for these things is
       | wild and very extensive. After university I looked on with envy
       | as later TI calcs added more features and capabilities.
       | 
       | I still run a TI-89 emulator on my phone as the default
       | calculator. It's so much more powerful than the crap calculator
       | apps that come with the phones.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | I had a similar pattern though for slightly different reasons.
         | 
         | My parents got me TI-83 for my calculus class in high school,
         | which is what everyone had and I was in sync. I managed to drop
         | my calculator down a sewer grating somehow, and I was too
         | embarrassed to ask my parents to buy me a new one, and I
         | couldn't afford another TI graphing calculator, so I ended up
         | getting a substantially cheaper Casio FX-9750G at a thrift
         | store, which actually turned out to be a reasonably good
         | calculator for the price, and got me through Calculus I without
         | too much trouble.
         | 
         | In calculus II I wanted the symbolic stuff, so I managed to
         | find a used HP 50g, and I immediately fell in love with it (and
         | RPN in particular), and ended up using it for everything. I got
         | spreadsheet software installed on there, I played with 3d
         | graphing, I got a clone of Zelda working, it was super awesome.
         | It was almost more like a PDA than a calculator to me.
         | 
         | Similarly, I run an the iHP48 emulator on my phone as my
         | default calculator now.
        
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