[HN Gopher] What Are 'Dark Factories,' and Do They Exist?
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       What Are 'Dark Factories,' and Do They Exist?
        
       Author : Ariarule
       Score  : 58 points
       Date   : 2023-01-28 19:06 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (www.grainger.com)
        
       | bottlepalm wrote:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lights_out_(manufacturing)
        
       | nickdothutton wrote:
       | One of the things Minority Report got right, was the chase scene
       | in the factory.
        
       | thelazydogsback wrote:
       | > ... There are certainly shades of gray in this concept.
       | 
       | Not quite dark - wouldn't there be a red room then?
        
       | PicassoCTs wrote:
       | Its usually called a lights out factory - and they some Japanese
       | production facilities claim to run in this mode. Fanuc and Sony-
       | Playstation comes to mind.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQ-YkFzWj6o
       | 
       | https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/PlayStation-s-sec...
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lights_out_(manufacturing)
       | 
       | My personal experience with robots and factory automation makes
       | these claims rather dubious. There is always some stressed
       | maintainer needed, at lest on standby. Factory equipment ages
       | constantly and even "durable" parts, like the energy chains break
       | regularly irregularly and it takes experience to detect and pre-
       | emptively replace these. Until that "flickering" part is
       | replaced, you have a constant series of increasingly occurring
       | line stops. Including, product removal and NIO product
       | increasing. Its possible to run a busy looking factory producing
       | nothing but scrap for days.
       | 
       | Broken products and its residue clog at unexpected places, a
       | thousand parts later, the glue from the packaging it arrives in,
       | makes the unwrapping machine sticky. Dust that comes in with the
       | package, accumulates or static charges transport actually non
       | floating foils to unexpected places.
       | 
       | Nature finds a way, and spiders build there webs in front of
       | light or capacity sensors. Even cats bring there young into some
       | hidden cable spaces and thats a good thing, because they prevent
       | rats from gnawing on the cables.
       | 
       | Finally, the cheapest bidder wins and makes factory equipment
       | everywhere, especially if its new, prone to breakage and failure.
       | Resulting in the maintainers, partially rebuilding machines with
       | self-made parts until they are sturdy. Until that stage is
       | reached, machines can have quirks, like vibrations moving sensors
       | of position.
       | 
       | Also, the cheapest supplier also comes to plc software, resulting
       | in horrific state-machines, waiting for ghost parts that left the
       | system aeons ago and need careful massaging by maintainers to
       | calm the enraged machine spirits (sometimes by hitting a robot
       | with a wrench-> It opens the safety circuit, resetting the
       | programs base state).
       | 
       | Many robots are needed for very precise tasks, and need to re-
       | calibrate in intervals to keep fulfilling there tasks. These
       | error calibrations happen on top of the often used Non-parametric
       | robot calibration
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot_calibration.
       | 
       | Its prone to move with temperature, moisture and alot of other
       | parameters. Requiring a adaption of the programs used in
       | industrial automation.
       | 
       | Finally, there are "sales-failures", were the automation is sold,
       | produced and then - never worked out. As in a dead "abandoned
       | channel" of the assembly line. Its shown during factory tours as
       | the "future" but the layer of dust and the missing traces of use
       | give away, that it is not used in production. Usually its
       | precision requirements that couldnt be met or would have required
       | insane efforts. The Welding at Wendelstein comes to mind, were
       | they created a "reference frame via laser triangulation" to
       | prevent wrong welds, due to heat expansion of the material. Same
       | insanity is usually applied to car manufacturing in germany,
       | especially for the
       | 
       | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaltma%C3%9F obsessions, which
       | regularly result in insane bake offs, with all kinds of robots,
       | sensors and suppliers. That sort of machine just throws alarms,
       | just from heavy equipment working nearby. No lights out there.
       | 
       | Ever.
       | 
       | Some guy sitting nearby, hitting the acknowledge and retry button
       | after viewing up from the cellphone. So anal retentive quality
       | control is a direct opponent of lights out, they want lights on
       | all the time and fast detection of creeping in errors.
       | 
       | So, its a nice goal, but until machines can handle all of the
       | above. No.
        
         | bredren wrote:
         | >Even cats bring there young into some hidden cable spaces and
         | thats a good thing, because they prevent rats from gnawing on
         | the cables.
         | 
         | I like this detail.
        
         | alcover wrote:
         | Thank you for providing this grounded view. Writing software,
         | the moving parts seem to work almost perfectly except the rare
         | bit-flip. But it seems factory-scale robotics are not like
         | that..
        
       | 2ICofafireteam wrote:
       | There is a halfway kind we called the lights out shift in a
       | factory where I worked that only ran a day shift.
       | 
       | A couple of turning centres with bar feeders that were left
       | running when we went home would run until a fault occurred or the
       | parts hopper filled up.
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | Ten years ago I was at a Phillip Morris cigarette factory for a
       | two-week IT consulting project. The entire factory was off-limits
       | to staff during operation.
       | 
       | Ingredients went in one side, cartons of cigarettes came out the
       | other.
        
       | arbuge wrote:
       | One might note here that not all robots are created equal. Robots
       | dependent on machine vision to function would need a lighted
       | factory similarly to humans.
        
         | lambdasquirrel wrote:
         | You also can't let the temperature drop too low or the
         | lubrication for all the gears and servos will solidify. Even
         | robots have running temperature requirements. In colder areas,
         | you have heated storage because lots of electronics don't like
         | being stored in freezing conditions.
        
         | 6d6b73 wrote:
         | Light is only needed in a smart area of the machine vision
         | system not a whole factory
        
           | dwighttk wrote:
           | Also climate control will be needed to some extent...
        
             | derefr wrote:
             | ...but not necessarily the _same_ climate. Depending on the
             | robot, they could have a higher MBTF if the thermostat were
             | set at 0C, or 50C.
             | 
             | And more interestingly, there might be value in isolated
             | sections of the factory being climate-controlled to very
             | _different_ temperatures, depending on the particular robot
             | in use. Not like these things walk around between stations.
        
             | a2tech wrote:
             | CNC adoption is actually driving improvements to the
             | physical plants I work with--the machines can't run with it
             | as hot as people can so they're starting to actually put in
             | AC. Oh that and the old guys that work in those machine
             | shops can't deal with the high temps like they used to so
             | management is afraid they're going to pass out and fall
             | into the machines...
        
         | DoingIsLearning wrote:
         | Most 'visual servoing' systems need edges or contours but not
         | colour.
         | 
         | In the long run it would still probably be cheaper to have
         | infrared cameras or a few LED rings around the camera lense
         | rather than full on industrial grade lighting 365 days in the
         | year.
        
       | grepLeigh wrote:
       | The way this looks like now (in the United States additive
       | manufacturing industry) is that people, Zapier, and bits of
       | scripting glue form the automation layer in most shops. This is
       | really important, because labor costs _so much_ more in the US
       | compared to other manufacturing centers.
       | 
       | Companies that have attempted to achieve 100% automation (like
       | YC-backed Voodoo Manufacturing) have gone out of business,
       | because you still need people to run floor operations, do sales,
       | handle customer accounts. What's important is to give a few
       | generalists no-code tools, so a machine technician can quickly
       | iterate on a model without sending it back to a CAD designer.
       | 
       | Here's one of my favorite examples of a 3D printing operation in
       | the United States, if you're curious what these businesses look
       | like. Kason Knight started iSolids with a 3D printer in a spare
       | linen closet. He's now running a ~10 person operation out of a
       | warehouse in Texas: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPcA9uIgi7g
       | 
       | Edited: typo
        
       | px43 wrote:
       | I've been waiting for one of those factory simulator games to
       | have something where when you pass some certain level in the
       | game, it goes into Enders Game mode, and players start
       | controlling machines in real factories. Users could even get paid
       | to do this, and to scale up their operation with automation tools
       | etc.
       | 
       | Same with farming simulators, mining simulators, fast food
       | simulators, etc.
        
         | buzer wrote:
         | Careful with what all things will be hooked up into that.
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y729vwvauWE
        
         | roomey wrote:
         | Neil Stephenson predicting the future yet again with reamde
         | (sic).
         | 
         | The plot is a world of warcraft style MMORPG is linked to real
         | world settings (such as airport security) to allow people
         | playing the game to preform real life actions (in the book, the
         | example was sound an alarm when they spotted a character
         | travelling the wrong direction). The idea being, if it is a
         | game (or simulator as you say) you can make it waaayyyy more
         | interesting than the real life work.
         | 
         | Between him and Daniel Suarez these "near future" sci fi
         | writers are getting scary good at predicting some things.
         | 
         | Any other authors are books would be much appreciated!
        
         | ConradKilroy wrote:
         | @px43, </Brilliant Black Mirror Plot Twist>
        
         | narrator wrote:
         | There was the guy who won the NASCAR race using the trick he
         | learned on the GameCube NASCAR game. The trick was to make the
         | last turn skidding against the outer wall with the car floored
         | and pass everyone.
         | 
         | Enders game is probably obsolete since AlphaGo zero can play
         | better than any human. Just have the AI reinforcement learn
         | over the course of a trillion games in the simulator.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | Do it with car simulators, and you have the Mechanical Turk
         | backend for Full Self Driving.
        
           | flenserboy wrote:
           | Then some four-year-old gets their hands on it when Dad goes
           | to get a glass of water, and...
        
             | prettyStandard wrote:
             | How is this much different than keeping your car keys away
             | from the kids now?
             | 
             | I get what you are saying, there is a risk to be
             | acknowledged and protected against. I'm just saying it's
             | different, but already there.
        
               | schoen wrote:
               | In the Ender's Game scenario, you're intentionally not
               | told about the associated risks.
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Context separation.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > How is this much different than keeping your car keys
               | away from the kids now?
               | 
               | That neither you or your kids are at risk, only some
               | loser dumb enough to trust the Turker Self-Driving app.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | The dad thinks it's a simulator...
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | ... sound a perfunctory chime and blame the person sitting
             | in the left front seat.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | ...and we have another of the self-driving incidents we've
             | all come to know.
        
             | wizardforhire wrote:
             | Or this could happen...
             | 
             | https://youtube.com/watch?v=4c6kaAJj7ik
        
         | cammikebrown wrote:
         | There are crane game apps with cameras pointed at real cranes
         | so you can control a real crane live and win real prizes. I've
         | never even gotten close to winning, though.
        
       | tersers wrote:
       | This does seem like an inevitability. It will likely stamp out a
       | lot of black market, after-hours manufacturing.
        
       | Ccecil wrote:
       | "The factory of the future will have only two employees, a man
       | and a dog. The man will be there to feed the dog. The dog will be
       | there to keep the man from touching the equipment"
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Or, all the actual work done by one person like in Futurama,
         | "My Hermes got that hellhole running so efficiently that all
         | the physical labor is now done by a single Australian man"
        
       | moomin wrote:
       | You take this concept far enough and factories become like
       | corporate bonds. Put money in, money comes out. The question
       | ultimately becomes: if no-one's labour is needed, do we need to
       | retain money?
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | Not all labour is performed in factories, so... yes? It's
         | hardly be feasible to have "dark hospital" for example. Even if
         | the robotic doctors would be fine without light, the patients
         | would be a lot happier if they can see.
        
         | shevis wrote:
         | Lol at the idea that automatic factories means no-one's labour
         | is needed. Not all labour is factory labour nor can it be
         | converted to factory labour.
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | I was gonna say, at any given facility you'd need at least a man
       | and a dog: the man to feed the dog, and the dog to make sure the
       | man doesn't touch anything.
        
       | jahnu wrote:
       | Obligatory Granddaddy reference:
       | 
       | "Supervisor guy turns off the factory lights
       | 
       | So the robots have to work in the dark"
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=W1Ur6aV5Dc8
        
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       (page generated 2023-01-28 23:00 UTC)