[HN Gopher] Contracts you should never sign
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Contracts you should never sign
        
       Author : bndr
       Score  : 244 points
       Date   : 2023-01-27 08:48 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (vadimkravcenko.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (vadimkravcenko.com)
        
       | petilon wrote:
       | A big one is missing in this article: The clawback provision.
       | 
       | In 2011, when Microsoft bought Skype for $8.5 billion (that's a
       | B), some former employees and executives were outraged when they
       | found that their equity was worth $0 because of a clawback in
       | their equity documents.
       | 
       | "The only mention that the company had the right to buy if he
       | left in less than five years came in a single sentence toward the
       | end of the document that referred him to yet another document,
       | which he never bothered to read."
       | 
       | https://stockoptioncounsel.com/blog/standards-ownership-cant...
       | 
       | https://www.forbes.com/sites/dianahembree/2018/01/10/startup...
        
       | johndhi wrote:
       | Eh. I'm a lawyer and don't agree with a ton here.
       | 
       | Work for hire of copyright and IP is standard. That's what it
       | means to work for a company: you aren't working for yourself,
       | you're working for them. You should look closely to make sure you
       | can do a side hustle but other than that this is a little
       | foolish.
       | 
       | I also disagree that contract negotiation means all that much.
       | Certain lawyers are assholes but other people at their company
       | might not be.
        
         | feoren wrote:
         | > you aren't working for yourself, you're working for them
         | 
         | So the company owns the poop I excrete into the toilet at 2:00
         | AM on a Saturday night? The company owns the Crayon drawings I
         | make with my child in the evenings? The company owns the poetry
         | I came up with in a fever dream after some weird drugs? You say
         | "you're working for them" like it implies some indentured
         | servitude, where I'm living in the company town and they get to
         | say how I live my life. I'm doing some scoped job for them in
         | pre-defined hours for a pre-defined purpose, and for everything
         | else in my life, they can get fucked. Honestly, your inhumane
         | attitude is why people hate lawyers.
        
       | donohoe wrote:
       | You can also decline and often thats ok.
       | 
       | Whenever I had meetings with Google and went to their offices
       | they had this sign-in process which is essentially a NDA while
       | you are there. I always declined it.
       | 
       | It caused consternation in only that they were not used to anyone
       | doing that.
        
       | bndr wrote:
       | Hey everyone, author here :) I'm sure most of you have more
       | experience with contracts, so I'd like to hear your thoughts on
       | stuff we, developers, shouldn't sign.
       | 
       | Cheers, Vadim
        
         | sclarisse wrote:
         | You missed the non-disparagement clause.
        
         | daniel_iversen wrote:
         | Hi Vadim, it's so great you've written this and are trying to
         | help others! It might be worth pointing out that in some places
         | (Australia, I think California? And probably the European
         | Union) the non-compete clauses can't be enforced because
         | companies aren't allowed to stop you from making a living.
         | Anti-poaching of employees sure but not anti-compete. So maybe
         | people could do a quick google for their country or state to
         | see if it's even something to worry about (so they don't reject
         | a job for something that in practice isn't relevant). Also,
         | I've noticed that the NDA components are usually very
         | reasonable as they mostly cover "material non-public
         | information" (or something like that) so usually it's not an
         | issue, but good to check for sure.
        
           | TravHatesMe wrote:
           | Good advice. Same with Canada.
        
         | anonu wrote:
         | Very useful article. Thank you for putting it together. On one
         | hand, you should read an employment contract or options
         | agreement down to the letter, as you highlight. However, in my
         | experience, most contracts have these provisions, at least in
         | the US. Also, companies are going to be reluctant to deviate
         | from a form template as this creates a legal mess down the
         | road. My point being, you'll find it hard to "never sign" if
         | every employer does this.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | strike out and initial?
        
             | anonu wrote:
             | Sure - reducing items might work. But asking a company to
             | give you tag along drag along rights when they weren't
             | there just wont float.
        
       | ccleve wrote:
       | This is exceptionally poor legal advice.
       | 
       | Non-competes are legit if they are narrowly limited in time and
       | scope. It's perfectly fine for a company to demand that if they
       | hand over their proprietary know-how to you, know-how that has
       | cost them years to acquire, you won't take it to the competitor
       | across the street. And no, an NDA is not enough to protect them.
       | They own this information, not you, and no, you can't take it.
       | 
       | NDAs are legit for obvious reasons.
       | 
       | Work-for-hire clauses are absolutely required. If a company is
       | paying you, they own what you create on company time and company
       | equipment. No, you can't take it and sell it elsewhere. It's
       | perfectly fine for you to resist signing a clause that says they
       | own what you create offsite (so long as it's not related to your
       | day job), but a company cannot continue to operate if employees
       | can take what the company paid for.
        
         | dilyevsky wrote:
         | Maybe they are legal (definitely not here in California) but
         | the moral argument you're making doesn't make much sense
         | because it works both ways - company has no intention of
         | unlearning your past years of experience when you leave and so
         | neither must you
        
         | feoren wrote:
         | > It's perfectly fine for a company to demand that if they hand
         | over their proprietary know-how to you, know-how that has cost
         | them years to acquire, you won't take it to the competitor
         | across the street.
         | 
         | This _never happens_. For software developers, most
         | "proprietary know-how" is awful in-house inner platforms that
         | work like shit but you're forced to use it because otherwise
         | some senior vice president would have to admit he made a bad
         | decision 9 years ago. The companies who try hardest to protect
         | their trade secrets are exactly those companies with the
         | _dumbest secrets_. There 's absolutely no risk to the company
         | that their employees will take their competitive advantage to
         | some competitor "across the street".
         | 
         | What _actually_ happens is that the company uses this as a
         | prison fence to keep their employees from being able to leave
         | when they treat them like shit.
         | 
         | > If a company is paying you, they own what you create on
         | company time and company equipment
         | 
         | You're misrepresenting what those clauses say. Those clauses
         | actually say "literally anything you ever do from the time of
         | signing this document until the time you quit, we own, if we
         | want it." If you draw an idea for a new fusion reactor on the
         | back of a napkin late one night in a bar, your company now owns
         | all rights to that design, and you are never allowed to do
         | anything with it, ever. Yes, that's what they say. Yes, they're
         | bullshit. That's why everyone hates them.
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | The WFH analysis seemed incorrect to me also, as a former
         | lawyer. It seems like the advice is geared toward a potential
         | employee, not a potential contractor. If you're a contractor,
         | it's not true that
         | 
         | > _If you work for a software hub, any SaaS app you build over
         | the weekend will belong to the company, regardless of whether
         | you do it with company property or not -- as it 's related to
         | the company's business._
         | 
         | Also, I'm not sure what to make of this claim:
         | 
         | > _Belonging to the company means everything, not just the IP
         | -- the revenue, the code, and the good vibes._
         | 
         | Isn't this assumed, for both employment and contracting? If
         | you're writing code for someone, then yes they own the code,
         | the associated IP, the revenue they're going to generate with
         | it, and the "good vibes". Which one of these things would an
         | employee or contractor think he's entitled to?
        
         | BeFlatXIII wrote:
         | Restricting the collective progress of humanity so that
         | investors can make back their money.
        
           | mordae wrote:
           | Restricting the collective progress of humanity so that
           | investors can profit.
           | 
           | It's never about making the money back, is it?
        
       | hansvm wrote:
       | With respect to the off-hour IP clause nonsense, suppose you've
       | signed one of those things but also gotten explicit written
       | affirmation from the CEO that they don't give a rat's ass about
       | your blog or book contracts or custom search engines or databases
       | or contract work or open-source code that couldn't meaningfully
       | compete with the company's actual business and that it's just a
       | catch-all to ensure that if you do steal proprietary info then
       | they're covered, and that they explicitly don't want you to
       | actually notify them with all your new "ideas"; does such a
       | clause still have any legal teeth you need to be wary of?
        
       | epicureanideal wrote:
       | If engineers actually had any leverage I would recommend we all
       | collaborate on producing a one page addendum to all employment
       | contracts that eliminates common nonsense.
        
       | alkonaut wrote:
       | I think I have clauses saying I can't work for competitors and
       | that everything I do belongs to the company (not only on company
       | time, company equipment, or on order from the company ). I have
       | pointed out that the contract means that if I write a bestseller
       | novel while employed, my employer owns it, which is obviously
       | nonsense.
       | 
       | In reality, I never bothered arguing about these. I trust they
       | aren't enforceable and I don't even fear having to pay the legal
       | process should the megacorp try to hold the damn thing against
       | me. They are _that_ unenforceable.
        
         | kderbyma wrote:
         | oh I tore into the owner of a company with those clauses and
         | ripped him a new one for about 10 minutes....disgusting
         | practice. I refused his offer and told him he should be
         | thankful he has anyone desperate enough to work for him. He
         | apologized to save face...but didn't seem to care.
        
       | graderjs wrote:
       | Grabby abusive employers will likely hate this and
       | downvote...But, while I don't have any experience with separate
       | NDAs, never given nor received (they've always been baked into
       | contracts and never presented a problem, were always scoped and
       | not grabby), yet back in the day I turned down over USD 250K in
       | multiple contracts that had funky "grabby vague IP provisions",
       | or "grabby excessive non-compete provisions" when I was
       | contracting and the contracts related to side-projects. Probably
       | doesn't sound like much, but it was a lot for global remote at
       | the time.
       | 
       | Well, it all worked out well. The personal projects I was working
       | on and protecting paid beyond that now...!! Hahah.
        
       | tiku wrote:
       | Also had a contract with a customer that stated I could not make
       | the same kind of tools for other customers. A bit to vague. Had
       | it scrubbed of course.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | CrimsonCape wrote:
       | I work in an industry that is very much "at-will."
       | 
       | I signed an "Employee Handbook Acknowledgement" which says "I
       | understand and agree that the handbook is not a contract of
       | employment, or a promise or guarantee of continued employment"
       | 
       | The "handbook" contains statements like "company owns all
       | employee creations and IP ,etc etc etc"
       | 
       | It's ambiguous enough to seem to apply to side projects.
       | 
       | What is your opinion of this? Sounds like they want their cake
       | and to eat it, I can't see how this is legally enforceable.
        
       | coderintherye wrote:
       | Ancillary, but I'll add to be careful with contracts around
       | purchasing large building items, specifically in my case
       | referring to SteelMaster buildings.
       | 
       | They will sell you on something saying they will deliver it and a
       | truck is coming through your area soon, etc., then the sales guy
       | will call at dinner time and say oh by they way your delivery is
       | ready to ship out we just need you to sign something real quick
       | and you're good to go. Then after you sign they will point to a
       | clause in the contract that says they are not actually
       | responsible for delivery and they won't deliver and you have to
       | actually come pick it up. It's essentially a scam, and I'm unsure
       | how they stay in business that way (I suppose people who work
       | with them just know that's the deal and go into it knowing that),
       | but it's one of those things that is a hard lesson to learn for
       | having quickly signed something without fully reading it.
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | Lots of complaints here:
         | 
         | https://www.bbb.org/us/va/virginia-beach/profile/modular-bui...
         | 
         | Didn't see the particular one you mentioned. It is amazing
         | companies like this can get away with so much crap.
        
       | smeej wrote:
       | Also verify that anything you're signing when you leave matches
       | what you signed when you were hired.
       | 
       | I recently left a company where, when I was hired, I had agreed
       | in "Appendix C" not to recruit any of their employees away from
       | them for a period of 12 months after separation. When I actually
       | separated after more than two years, the "Appendix C" they wanted
       | me to sign and presented as the one I had agreed to at hire now
       | said 24 months. I told them I was happy to stand by my original
       | agreement of 12 months, but I had no incentive to extend to 24
       | and would not be doing so. They sent me one with the right number
       | and I signed.
       | 
       | Their story was that, in the two years since I'd signed, they
       | changed Appendix C and had "accidentally" given me the one that
       | pertained to people who had been hired after me under the revised
       | terms. I'm willing to give them the benefit of the doubt, because
       | why believe people are malicious when they could just as well be
       | careless?
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | > I'm willing to give them the benefit of the doubt, because
         | why believe people are malicious when they could just as well
         | be careless?
         | 
         | Funny how their "carelessness" always seems to benefit them at
         | our expense.
        
         | tpxl wrote:
         | > because why believe people are malicious when they could just
         | as well be careless?
         | 
         | When your job is to be careful, being careless is nothing but
         | malicious.
        
           | Karunamon wrote:
           | Everyone's job is to be careful.
        
           | smeej wrote:
           | I'm sure the person who actually sent me the form was some
           | low-level functionary. All I did was say the equivalent of,
           | "Hey, this isn't the right form," and he went back to his
           | supervisors and got the right one.
           | 
           | I sincerely don't think there was malice involved, certainly
           | not at his level, so I just treated it like that.
        
           | lazyweb wrote:
           | I'd tend to agree, but then again, there's so many people who
           | are just bad at their job. Attention to detail is a skill
           | which many do not care to sharpen.
        
         | nhchris wrote:
         | Why would you need to sign anything when you leave?
        
           | anticensor wrote:
           | Things like "we have all the debts settled and are good to
           | part ways" are OK IMO.
        
           | smeej wrote:
           | I agreed to when I was hired. It was a basic summary doc:
           | I've returned everything that isn't mine. I haven't kept
           | records of things I'm not allowed to keep. I'm not going to
           | poach your customers or employees (for 12 months, which was
           | the part they tried to change to 24).
        
         | jrib wrote:
         | > why believe people are malicious when they could just as well
         | be careless?
         | 
         | For those who like named things:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlon%27s_razor
        
         | eschneider wrote:
         | Yeah...when I left a job in 2021, HR presented me with a bunch
         | of new agreements that they wanted me to sign. I explained to
         | them that it just didn't work that way.
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | With enough compensation it could work. I'd sign "we'll give
           | you $5M to not work for 1 year." Stream casual games on
           | Twitch for a year :)
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | It works both ways. Maybe you cross a term you don't like in
         | the employment contract before returning it to them signed and
         | they never notice...
         | 
         | It happens.
        
         | nly wrote:
         | Since when do you sign anything when you leave a job?
         | 
         | Weird.
        
         | phphphphp wrote:
         | I can believe that they're careless and used the wrong copy of
         | a document but I'm not sure I understand why you're signing an
         | agreement like that on exit: you've signed it on _hiring_ so
         | that regardless of the outcome of your employment, you 're
         | bound to the anti-poach. The only reason I can think that
         | they'd ask you to sign the agreement again on exit is that they
         | _wanted_ to bind you into something new -- what explanation did
         | they give?
        
           | cillian64 wrote:
           | Often a company will offer severance more generous than they
           | are contractually/legally obliged to in exchange for the
           | leaver signing some extra restrictions beyond what was in the
           | original employment contract.
        
           | cj wrote:
           | > The only reason I can think that they'd ask you to sign the
           | agreement again on exit is that they wanted to bind you into
           | something new
           | 
           | In the Clerky boilerplate employment docs, used by many YC
           | companies, the employment agreement contains a Termination
           | Certificate along with a clause that says something like
           | "upon leaving the company you agree to sign the Termination
           | Certificate in the appendix".
           | 
           | So technically, in the case of Clerky's boilerplate docs, you
           | agree to sign the termination form before employment even
           | begins.
           | 
           | FWIW the termination certificate I'm thinking of is a very
           | simple 1 page agreement basically just acknowledging to the
           | company that you have returned all company IP, hardware, etc
           | to the company and agree to continue to abide by the original
           | employment agreement. It doesn't really add any additional
           | obligations.
           | 
           | I suppose the benefit to the company is just a reconfirmation
           | that you are aware of the terms of the original agreement and
           | that you've followed through with basic duties such as
           | returning confidential data, hardware, etc to the company.
           | 
           | That said, many employers have additional severance
           | agreements that can add lots of additional expectations such
           | as non-disparagement clauses, but that's typically only done
           | in exchange for additional severance the the company isn't
           | legally obligated to provide you (in which case you can
           | absolutely say you won't sign the agreement if you want to
           | forgo the severance payment)
        
             | smeej wrote:
             | Yeah, this was the situation, that I had agreed when I was
             | hired to sign the agreement when I left. The issue was just
             | that the summary of what I "had agreed to" when I was hired
             | that was presented in the termination agreement wasn't
             | actually what I had agreed to when I was hired.
             | 
             | I was leaving of my own accord, so no severance involved,
             | which was why I told them I was happy to stand by the terms
             | I'd already agreed to, including signing the termination
             | agreement, but I wouldn't be signing a document that
             | contained _new_ terms.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | I guess it's a reminder, so you can't claim you forgot about
           | it.
           | 
           | Some wrinkle of "the law" probably works that way?
        
             | Ensorceled wrote:
             | > I guess it's a reminder
             | 
             | I would happily sign a 1 page document that said, "I
             | acknowledge that I have been reminded of my obligations
             | under the document signed April 1, 2004 and been provided
             | with paper copies of said agreement."
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | I probably wouldn't be happy, because what? Are we
               | children?
               | 
               | Part of the issue is that lawyers get too free of a hand
               | sometimes. We signed, agreed, that part is over.
               | 
               | Frankly I have never attended an "exit interview", and
               | never will.
               | 
               | That said, if someone want a reminder sign, as you say,
               | I'd expect the corp to sign one too, and give me a copy,
               | as well.
               | 
               | When signing contract between two entities, neither side
               | is special.
        
         | dilyevsky wrote:
         | Easiest way to do this is to not sign anything unless it
         | involves extra pay. I've politely refused HR's request to re-
         | sign bunch of documents before when leaving - I didn't feel
         | like digging through them or paying a lawyer and they had zero
         | leverage
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | I don't even politely reply. At my last job, HR sent me a
           | "contract" offering $1 in exchange for agreeing not to work
           | in the industry for 1 year. I archived their email and never
           | spoke to them again :)
           | 
           | It would really depend on the job, of course. I didn't really
           | care about that one, and didn't see myself ever wanting to
           | work with that founder again, so I didn't make any effort to
           | be "nice" in any way. If I ever left my current job, I would
           | make sure to stay on the best of terms. I would be annoyed if
           | they paid me $1 to not work for a year, but I also know they
           | would never ask for that.
        
           | thwayunion wrote:
           | I've never refused, but I do always outline the (usually low
           | four figure) cost in time and legal expenses required to
           | review the contract. I close by explaining that I cannot in
           | good faith enter into an ostensibly binding contract without
           | some form of consideration from my counter-party because such
           | a contract would be difficult to enforce in any case.
           | 
           | HR never knows what to do and usually just never gets around
           | to replying to the email.
        
           | smeej wrote:
           | I had signed a contract at hire saying I would sign the
           | separation agreement when I left.
           | 
           | I didn't have any issue with the agreement I had already
           | made. I just wasn't willing to change it as I was voluntarily
           | leaving and they weren't offering me anything to change the
           | terms.
           | 
           | I'm not even 100% sure I would have noticed it except that my
           | new employer required disclosure of any restrictions I had,
           | so I disclosed the 12-month non-recruit from the previous
           | company. It was fresh to mind.
           | 
           | The two companies are in the same general industry, but do
           | not compete with each other.
        
       | winReInstall wrote:
       | Im just not made for this world, how and were can i outsource
       | this ability to decipher legalesee somone willing to fix this for
       | me for money, without exceeding the value gained?
        
       | jmugan wrote:
       | Everybody talks like they have a lawyer just sitting outside on
       | their patio and all they have to do is give them a couple hundred
       | bucks to look over a document here and there. How does one find a
       | lawyer that will work piecemeal like that?
        
         | dgb23 wrote:
         | Most are teams right? And they go through stuff in bulk just
         | like everyone else?
        
         | dustingetz wrote:
         | https://www.upcounsel.com/, "working piecemeal like that" is
         | exactly what most lawyers do
        
           | jmugan wrote:
           | Yeah, this is what I was looking for. In the past, Google
           | searches have showed up with nothing. There wasn't a good way
           | to hire someone for a small amount of work. Bookmarked!
        
       | seemyvest wrote:
       | Why is the _absence_ of a vesting period (for turning turning
       | options to shares) a red flag?
        
       | streblo wrote:
       | You should sign what your trusted legal representation recommends
       | you sign. Many of these situations are more nuanced than an
       | internet blogger looking for clicks is going to make them out to
       | be.
       | 
       | And yes, if you're making a 6-7 figure decision (which you often
       | are when you sign an employment agreement as a software
       | engineer), you should at least have an employment attorney give
       | it a look through.
        
       | JoelMcCracken wrote:
       | I mean, real talk: every time I ever objected to something like
       | that, they always said something like: "oh, we don't care what
       | you do in your off time. You can always e.g. ask for an exemption
       | for specific open source work later", and "its very unusual for
       | us to change this, we've never had anyone ask for this kind of
       | thing in the past".
       | 
       | If I _had_ followed this advice, I would have missed out on one
       | of the best jobs I ever had. So, just YMMV.
        
         | OkayPhysicist wrote:
         | "Well in that case, it shouldn't be a big deal to just strike
         | that clause, right? Here, we'll even scribble in a little line
         | here confirming that the company does, in fact, own the rights
         | to the software I write FOR you, as part of our employment
         | relationship".
        
       | barking_biscuit wrote:
       | My worst job hunting experience was going through a slimy
       | recruiter and eventually receiving an offer from a company I was
       | initially excited to work at until I read the absolutely bizarre
       | and overbearing contract and tried for two weeks to tell them to
       | just take all the weird, nonsensical stuff out and I would sign
       | and eventually they pulled the offer.
       | 
       | iirc one of the clauses stated that I would make myself available
       | to the employer to perform work for them on an as needed basis in
       | the three months after quitting the job but the amount of work
       | over that three months would never exceed 2 weeks in total blah
       | blah blah.
       | 
       | Another one was something like agreeing make myself available to
       | participate in legal disputes etc.
       | 
       | I asked them about examples of when these clauses had been
       | enforced and what did that look like in practice etc? They
       | remarked the first one was mostly done after hours etc. I just
       | couldn't fathom why the heck any old regular engineer would sign
       | off on a clause like that, but was told that "everyone signs it
       | and we're not changing it".
       | 
       | Knowing I had the legal right to get any employment contract
       | reviewed by a lawyer, I did exactly that. Good move indeed. The
       | clauses were bad enough they tripped my BS meter, but the lawyer
       | pointed out further BS in some of the vagueness of the wording. I
       | think one example was the clause stating you had to make yourself
       | available to the employer for work on an as needed basis after
       | leaving the job had a sentence indicating that if you needed to
       | travel you would bear the cost and/or there was something about a
       | rate or amount of money that just was totally unspecified. She
       | also rightly pointed out if you had another full time job you had
       | just signed a contract for, you couldn't execute both contracts
       | without being in violation of at least one of them and if the
       | split with ths whacko employer was not amicable then they could
       | absolutely have you over a barrel.
       | 
       | I got my lawyer to tell them to remove those things, and that's
       | when they pulled the offer. It was a bit of a shock and quite
       | upsetting to me at the time. During that phone conversation with
       | the recruiter where he told me they were pulling the offer he
       | revealed that a previous employee had stolen the source code and
       | tried to set up a competing product and wound up in a legal
       | dispute with the company, so the fact that I was "already getting
       | lawyers involved" was a "red flag" to them. If you're paying
       | careful attention you'll notice the absolutely circular logic of
       | that absurd reasoning!!!! Anyway that at least explained sme of
       | the weird, nonsensical, heavily defensive clauses, though not all
       | of it.
       | 
       | Anyway I dodged an absolute bullet on that one.
        
       | teeray wrote:
       | Is it worth drawing up a standard rider for employment
       | agreements? Stuff like "I own stuff that I create on my own time
       | and with my own equipment" would be in there along with voiding
       | non-compete clauses. Also, adding protections to minimum time off
       | per year in the face of companies doing the "unlimited PTO"
       | trick.
       | 
       | Then it becomes an exchange of paper rather than sitting there
       | with a highlighter handing it back and forth between, you, the
       | recruiter, HR, and legal. I sign your contract, you sign my rider
       | with everything I care about.
        
       | wirthjason wrote:
       | Do non-competes include money? The ones I've seen include your
       | salary for that period of time. It sounds fair. You ban the
       | employee from job prospects but compensate them in pay. Maybe
       | this varies by industry, geography, etc.
        
         | j33zusjuice wrote:
         | No, not always. In my state, they have to compensate you with
         | some minimum amount. I don't know what that is, but based on my
         | current contract, my guess is that it's the equivalent of one
         | week of pay.
         | 
         |  _(I'm fine with it because it's a small, and not particularly
         | interesting, industry. Plus, I'm in a DevOps role: none of our
         | five or ten competitors are going give me a bag to have me
         | build CI /CD pipelines.)_
        
       | ozim wrote:
       | Dilbert strip that is there - had that happen. I dropped out of
       | recruitment because they wanted to me to sign NDA. Well they were
       | also not having top salary but I would go through.
        
       | trentnix wrote:
       | From the article:
       | 
       | > _To be honest, I always assume good faith from people who offer
       | me to sign some documents_
       | 
       | Sure. And most people asking you to sign documents are doing so
       | in good faith. But the contents of the documents themselves
       | overwhelmingly bias toward the interests of the organization who
       | wrote the contract.
       | 
       | Additionally, while the party asking you to sign may be doing it
       | in good faith, they may not be the ones who end up pursuing
       | enforcement. A contract should be evaluated based on its contents
       | and never based on your trust of the individuals you are
       | negotiating with.
        
       | oytis wrote:
       | > Anything you do with the company property, e.g., work computer,
       | automatically belongs to the company, even if you do it on the
       | weekends.
       | 
       | That doesn't sound unacceptable to me. It's not that I'm that
       | strict about e.g. reading personal emails etc. on my work
       | computer, but if it's some side hustle, be it for money or for
       | fun, I think it's honest to take your personal machine for that.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Computers are just office equipment, just like pens.
         | 
         | If I gave you a pen and you wrote some story with it, then
         | could I claim the rights to that story? I think not.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | rintakumpu wrote:
           | Exactly this, and they are ubiquitous. With software I think
           | it might be a slightly different matter as the company mighy
           | have access to software you couldn't otherwise afford. But
           | it's a red flag anyways ... why would you ever want to work
           | for someone who'd want to claim ownership to something that
           | is clearly not theirs?
        
           | wepple wrote:
           | I disagree. A vanilla MacBook might be a bit like a pen, but
           | if that MacBook is loaded with a bunch of proprietary or
           | licensed software, I can see why an organization wouldn't
           | want it being used for financial gain outside of the
           | organization. Perhaps they don't explicitly "lose" anything,
           | but it's their investment to have returns on.
           | 
           | If a laptop is like a pen, what about a high end graphics
           | workstation? What about a small server? Internet bandwidth is
           | a cheap commodity, can I run my site from work? Electricity
           | is basically free (I charge my personal scooter at work),
           | what about a small Bitcoin miner?
        
           | II2II wrote:
           | So you're the one who keeps taking the company's pens ...
           | 
           | More seriously though, there are frequently restictions of
           | the use of office equipment (or business equipment in
           | general). Businesses will often overlook it if it is not a
           | problem, say if you need a photocopy of a rental contract.
           | They have the discretion to say no if the privilege is being
           | abused, say if you started printing hundreds of pages a month
           | for personal use. The misuse of pens is rarely seen as an
           | issue since they hold little intrinsic value and are
           | routinely replaced.
           | 
           | Should they be able to claim the rights to something you
           | produced with their equipment? In most cases, no. I'm not
           | going to say in all cases no since there is always going to
           | be someone who pushes the limits beyond reason. (Say a person
           | develops a piece of software with a company computer to sell
           | on the side. Can that be construed as the business indirectly
           | financing the development of the software by providing
           | hardware and/or software tools?)
           | 
           | In general, it is always a good idea to do personal stuff
           | with personal equipment and business stuff with equipment
           | supplied by the business. I'm sure the coworkers who are
           | searching for the missing pens will thank you for doing so.
        
           | oytis wrote:
           | That's why they write it in contracts explicitly I guess?
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Not everything in contracts is legally binding.
             | 
             | If I write code using some company computer, then the most
             | they could do is charge me for the damages, i.e. the power
             | used or in the worst case I would have to replace the
             | computer.
        
               | oytis wrote:
               | Yeah, I'm not competent there. My impression is it should
               | be enforceable, at least in the U.S., but I'd contact a
               | lawyer if I wanted to know for sure.
        
           | kaashif wrote:
           | I don't know whether you could or couldn't. But if I entered
           | into such a contract, I'd obviously use a different pen, it's
           | not that hard.
           | 
           | Is anyone really running their side businesses from their
           | work laptops? That seems crazy to me.
        
           | 7steps2much wrote:
           | If you make that pen available to me under these conditions?
           | Sure.
           | 
           | If you "just give" me something without any conditions then
           | no, you could definitely not claim that story. But if you
           | make that pen, your property, available to me explicitly only
           | for work and nothing else?
           | 
           | It's your property, not mine. I only have whatever rights you
           | grant me to it.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Let's make this example a little more extreme to show how
             | nonsensical a company claim is on stuff they did not create
             | (or pay for).
             | 
             | If I used the company computer to access a dating-website,
             | then could the company claim ownership of my firstborn
             | child, if that was in the contract?
        
               | riskable wrote:
               | > If I used the company computer to access a dating-
               | website, then could the company claim ownership of my
               | firstborn child
               | 
               | No, but first kiss is definitely on the table.
        
             | nhchris wrote:
             | > If you make that pen available to me under these
             | conditions? Sure.
             | 
             | Let's leave aside whether the law (in whatever country)
             | permits such a one-sided contract, and ask - _should_ it
             | permit it? There are plenty of contract terms that are
             | illegal (i.e. not backed by law), such as usury [1] or
             | various anti-competitive practices, because their
             | enforcement is seen as either unfair, or a detriment to
             | society, regardless of whether they were entered freely.
             | Contracts are not and should not be above the law.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usury#Usury_law
        
             | VeninVidiaVicii wrote:
             | Only if you sign the contract!
        
               | munchler wrote:
               | You don't get the pen without signing the contract.
        
               | VeninVidiaVicii wrote:
               | You can't sign the contract without the pen.
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | Strangely it works this way though. It doesn't make sense. In
           | my current job I refused company equipment, and insisted on
           | using my own. I pay for my own software too.
           | 
           | Safer that way.
        
           | rubyfan wrote:
           | If you explicitly included a contract that stated how the pen
           | was to be used and the ramifications before my acceptance of
           | your pen then yes.
           | 
           | Companies do include policies about how their equipment is to
           | be used and for what and they do include how they think about
           | ownership usually in your employment agreement or principles
           | of employment policies. To write those off because "hey it's
           | only a generic piece of equipment" is perilous.
           | 
           | I suspect how you think about the analogy changes if you
           | write the story on company letterhead or if you used the
           | company car for your catering side hustle on the weekends.
        
             | BeFlatXIII wrote:
             | That last paragraph of yours is key the your whole post.
             | It's a good illustration of how a large enough difference
             | in degree becomes a difference in kind.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | If you use the company car for a side hustle in catering,
               | then that perhaps gives the company the right to fire you
               | or charge you for damages. However, they do not get to
               | claim any intellectual property (recipes you invented for
               | your catering side-job).
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | I agree with that. In the pen example, they should bill
               | you for the wear and tear on the pen (ball bearings and
               | ink aren't free). In the computer example, same deal.
               | Figure out what a flash memory erase cycle is worth,
               | figure out what bringing the CPU out of its lowest power
               | state costs per minute, figure out how many of each were
               | used, and send an invoice!
        
             | etothepii wrote:
             | This is usually a tax thing.
             | 
             | We have a policy that states, "company equipment can not be
             | used for personal use". As without this company equipment
             | can not be tax deductible. However, in the UK at least, it
             | is a matter of economic policy whether a company makes any
             | effort to in-force.
             | 
             | Thus I hit on what a I thought was a neat solution. Which
             | was to deem it a sackable offence to expend any resource
             | whatsoever including time or materials to identify if
             | company property had been so used.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | It's not that simple. The law recognizes that when signing
             | a contract there is a power-imbalance between employer and
             | employee. It would be different if the contract was written
             | by the employee and signed by the employer.
        
         | tjoff wrote:
         | So now I have to lug around two of everything (laptop, phone
         | etc) just because I might want to do something unrelated to
         | work?
         | 
         | It is completely unreasonable as a blanket statement.
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | Yes.
           | 
           | It's not your equipment, you didn't buy it, you can't just do
           | whatever you want with it. It's like being given a company
           | car but going on a 3,000-mile roadtrip "because why should I
           | have my own car if you gave me this one?"
           | 
           | It's not remotely unreasonable to expect someone not to use
           | their employer's equipment to make money on the side,
           | especially for something like a laptop which over the course
           | of what a developer earns in 4-5 years is basically nothing.
        
           | wepple wrote:
           | > It is completely unreasonable as a blanket statement.
           | 
           | I personally find your position unreasonable: that you should
           | be entitled to use property that is not yours how you see
           | fit, because it's more convenient to you.
           | 
           | In reality, any sane organization wouldn't punish you for
           | reading the news on your work computer, but to assert you
           | should be given access seems unreasonable to me. You're paid
           | to do a job and they provide some tools for you to use to
           | complete that job.
        
           | twobitshifter wrote:
           | Really you should use a dumb terminal and keep corporate and
           | personal materials on separate machines.
        
           | notpushkin wrote:
           | Why not just buy a laptop and ask your employer to pay its
           | depreciation? It's way easier for both parties I think.
        
           | NikolaNovak wrote:
           | Three.
           | 
           | My employer's laptop, my current client's laptop (I'm in a
           | consulting branch of a large corporation), and my personal
           | laptop. Pre-Covid I lugged them on airplanes every week.
           | 
           | I enjoy HN for many reasons, one of which is to encounter
           | approaches and perspectives that I would not ever even
           | remotely consider. I would not use my employer's laptop for
           | personal, let alone a side-gig purpose, with a 10 foot pole.
           | It's not mine, I have no control of it, I have no visibility
           | into what is being monitored nor how it is used, where the
           | data goes, what I should install on it, etc. Employer has
           | full legal right to request it back this evening, do whatever
           | forensic examinations they want, and have interesting
           | questions or claims on anything they find.
           | 
           | Yes laptop is a tool, but it's such a complex multipurpose
           | massively powerful dangerous tool, that even if we try to
           | make a claim "Pen and Laptop are legally the same as a
           | employer-provided-tool", I find the surface area of a Pen
           | minuscule compared to the surface area of a laptop and
           | everything I can do with it / put on it.
        
             | wepple wrote:
             | Big +1 on that. I assume a model where my work laptop
             | screen is being directly mirrored into a room with 100
             | people watching it 24x7, basically. Entirely impossible,
             | but every organization has _some_ level of monitoring
             | between zero and my theoretical scenario, so I carry a
             | personal device and completely sidestep the entire issue.
        
               | tjoff wrote:
               | And I've setup everything from scratch. There is no
               | software on there that I wouldn't install on my personal
               | machine. If anyone wanted access to it they'd have to ask
               | me for a password noone else knows.
               | 
               | Yes, it is perfectly reasonable and in many cases prudent
               | to not use your companies laptop for home-use. So you may
               | chose not to do it.
               | 
               | That the company would own everything you did on it is
               | still completely unreasonable.
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | Not to negate your point, but a related pondering : I
               | would assume that the Venn diagram of companies that make
               | claim on property created on their laptops ; vs companies
               | that let you install fresh OS and software from image and
               | repository of your choice and access work network / store
               | proprietary data ; is practically zero.
               | 
               | (If you did not install fresh OS from image of your
               | choice, then you did not install software from scratch
               | and should not be confident what's in your work laptop
               | and what it's doing / monitoring)
        
           | david2ndaccount wrote:
           | If your company ever ends up in legal hot water, you'll be
           | glad you kept a physical separation between your personal
           | affairs and work equipment. See for example the Enron emails,
           | which were made public as part of discovery and include
           | thousands of personal emails from people who used their work
           | email as personal email.
        
         | j01 wrote:
         | I think it's fine to require that you cannot use work equipment
         | for personal projects, but claiming ownership of a project
         | written on the weekend on a company laptop isn't the solution.
        
         | Turing_Machine wrote:
         | Another wrinkle on "company property" you have to watch out
         | for:
         | 
         | When I was in grad school, a professor in my department left to
         | take a job at another university.
         | 
         | The beancounters demanded the return of the department-issued
         | computer he'd had...in 1985.
         | 
         | Of course, that was many, many computers ago, and what almost
         | certainly happened was that he'd transferred the machine to a
         | grad student or whatever when he got a new one, and they'd just
         | lost the record of the transfer (or never entered it in the
         | first place). Still, he had to go through a week or so of back
         | and forth before they were convinced that a) it was
         | unreasonable to expect him to account for a computer from
         | decades ago and b) even if he did still have the 1985 computer,
         | it wouldn't be worth anything like their book value any more.
         | They actually wanted to charge him the original 1985 price for
         | the "missing" computer!
         | 
         | I guess the moral there is to keep your own careful log of what
         | happens to any company property that's been issued to you.
        
           | buildbot wrote:
           | When I worked in tech support at my University, we 100% knew
           | we were never getting it back but had to ask like once a year
           | anyway because government. Public money means excessive
           | tracing for any asset!!
        
       | donatj wrote:
       | > Another clause to watch out for [...] is the "I agree not to
       | cause any other employees to get hired," which prohibits you from
       | hiring directly or allowing any current employees to get hired by
       | the company to which you went. This clause protects the company
       | from the unlikely event of a manager leaving and taking their
       | team with them.
       | 
       | I had a previous employer threaten to sue me for this after a
       | couple friends followed me to a new job on their own accord and
       | despite having signed nothing of the sort. One strongly worded
       | letter from a lawyer though and they dropped the whole affair.
        
         | j33zusjuice wrote:
         | I wonder how these hold up, and what the clause "I agree not to
         | cause any other employees to get hired" means in a legal sense.
         | Like, if you and I work at Company A, and you go to Company B
         | and I want to go there because it's amazing. If you recommend
         | me, is that causal? I have to interview and all that still.
         | 
         | If you leave for a managerial role, can you hire me if I make
         | first contact with your new company? That seems causal, but
         | also easily circumvented.
        
       | mkl95 wrote:
       | Noncompetes are mostly bullshit in the EU. Startup lawyers know
       | the CEO has read too much SV literature so they write down that
       | clause to make them happy.
       | 
       | "Everything belongs to your employer" clauses seem scarier to me
       | although I have never seen them enforced either. But if you are
       | making your employees sign those you should know it will likely
       | kill their motivation to work on side projects, which will make
       | them less competitive and motivated at work.
        
         | Asooka wrote:
         | Oh for sure. I just keep any ideas I have in my head and not
         | tell them to anyone (inside or outside of the company).
        
       | slaymaker1907 wrote:
       | I can understand why companies want things under a work for hire
       | contract. If work isn't under a work for hire contract, you can
       | just revoke their rights to it after 35 years due to how US
       | copyright law works.
        
       | kloch wrote:
       | The author ignores an important part of the negotiation equation
       | - are you being adequately compensated for the imposed
       | limitations?
       | 
       | For example a one year non-compete after separation might be
       | unreasonable by itself, but coupled with one year of full
       | severance pay is a different story, although there is still the
       | "what am I supposed to do with my time?" issue.
       | 
       | If you are a founder/early employee with significant equity then
       | a non-compete clause when being acquired will likely be
       | acceptable to you.
        
       | chasing wrote:
       | Treat contract negotiation as a trial run for your future
       | relationship: Do they try to slip nasty stuff in there? Do they
       | do stupid shit? Do they refuse to answer questions clearly? Is it
       | a hassle trying to get them to make modifications? Are things
       | vague, open to too much interpretation, or missing key
       | information?
       | 
       | How someone behaves during contract negotiations is an indicator
       | of how they'll behave generally. If you can't start building that
       | trust right out of the gate... Red flag. Even if they're not
       | trying to be devious and are simply being naive or sloppy.
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | Exactly!
         | 
         | It has gotten to the point where I take any contract put in
         | front of me as a statement of how the other party does
         | business. If they contract is all one-sided to their benefit
         | and/or has crazy escape hatches for them and/or penalties for
         | my side, it's best to just walk away, even if it costs a lot.
         | I've tried to negotiate such clauses into something reasonable,
         | and it is just a waste of time. They've told you how they do
         | business the first time -- believe them the first time.
         | 
         | When I write contracts, I make sure that they are mutual, down
         | to the structure of every sentence and paragraph. E.g., "Both
         | parties shall treat confidential information with the same care
         | as their own confidential information..." in an NDA for
         | prospective joint development. I'm not the only one, and I've
         | seen that sort of approach many times ('tho less often that I'd
         | like). Those are the kind of people/companies I want to do
         | business with.
         | 
         | Avoid the former like the plague that they are. You'll save
         | _yourself_ a lot of trouble.
        
           | johndhi wrote:
           | What? Every click wrap agreement online is very one sided.
           | You think you're saving yourself trouble by not using any
           | online software?
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | The thing about online service agreements is they have
             | pretty much zero leverage against you. So what if you
             | violate their little terms of service? Worst they can do is
             | ban your account. Their "take it or leave it" bullshit
             | holds no water.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | This depends on the nature of the transactions you're
               | performing.
               | 
               | For example, play that game with Paypal.... whoopsie,
               | they're holding a quarter million of your cash and aren't
               | going to let it go for six months. Of course where this
               | much is at stake reading those agreements is _very_
               | important.
               | 
               | But take a middle ground. You join a forum and make a
               | side business where you're selling some kind of product
               | to their members. This gets more problematic very fast.
               | It can be nearly impossible to pull your business out of
               | the forum it's embedded in. And this is the exact kind of
               | behaviors we've seen out of large companies like
               | Facebook. They can choose how they please to access
               | 'their' users.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | They are still right about EULAs. The terms and style of
             | negotiation are "we do what we want and change things when
             | we feel like it, and you check accept or stop using the
             | software," and guess what that implies about using the
             | software - they do what they want and change stuff when
             | they feel like it and you accept it or stop using the
             | software.
             | 
             | Contrast that to the open source pattern of making the
             | license a header in the source files. You interact with the
             | license by making common sense assumptions unless you need
             | to know a detail, in which case you open a source file.
             | Likewise you interact with the software by running on
             | common assumptions unless you need to know a detail, in
             | which case you open a source file.
        
               | johndhi wrote:
               | I agree that, from the user perspective, I'd prefer if
               | all of the software terms and EULAs I sign online were
               | more favorable to me.
               | 
               | But I think it's a major overstatement to say you'll save
               | yourself a headache by not agreeing to one-sided terms.
               | They are literally everywhere. This very website we're
               | posting on right includes these terms in its terms of
               | service:
               | 
               | We reserve the right, at our sole discretion, to change
               | or modify portions of these Terms of Use at any time.
               | 
               | YOU WILL ONLY BE PERMITTED TO PURSUE CLAIMS AGAINST Y
               | COMBINATOR ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS, NOT AS A PLAINTIFF OR
               | CLASS MEMBER
               | 
               | Y Combinator reserves the right to modify or discontinue,
               | temporarily or permanently, the Site (or any part
               | thereof) with or without notice.
               | 
               | Y Combinator reserves the right to investigate and take
               | appropriate legal action against anyone who, in Y
               | Combinator's sole discretion, violates this provision,
               | including without limitation, removing the offending
               | content from the Site, suspending or terminating the
               | account of such violators and reporting you to the law
               | enforcement authorities.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | > _They 've told you how they do business the first time
               | -- believe them the first time._
               | 
               | I'm agreeing more with that than the idea that there are
               | no good nonmutual commercial interactions.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | Indeed. This is the classic hole in the economics
               | argument about market forces. You can easily set up a
               | game theory model of the prisoner's dilemma with many
               | players, in which the payoff from deviating is so small
               | that "everyone colludes" becomes a stable equilibrium.
        
               | marcus0x62 wrote:
               | I'd be a little more worried about HN's terms and
               | conditions if I had to pay to use the site. There's a
               | world of difference between someone (or a company) who is
               | providing a free service attempting to shield themselves
               | from expensive litigation and generally insisting the
               | free service be as hassle-free for them to run as
               | possible and a a company charging me money for a product
               | or service and putting these kinds of one-sided terms in
               | a EULA.
        
               | npc12345 wrote:
               | [dead]
        
             | metalspot wrote:
             | don't bother with a cell phone either. the world is full of
             | stupid contracts with unenforceable terms. sign it without
             | reading and save yourself the headache.
        
         | AlbertCory wrote:
         | You can generalize that to:
         | 
         |  _The way they treat you when you 're interviewing is the best
         | they will ever treat you._
         | 
         | Are they rude? Ditch 'em.
         | 
         | Do they stare at your resume like it's a pile of dog doo? Ditch
         | 'em.
         | 
         | Do their interviewers interrupt you while you're answering
         | their question, to ask you another one? Ditch 'em.
         | 
         | Do they ignore your personal needs (water, bathroom, etc.)?
         | Ditch 'em.
         | 
         | (and as you said, do they give you lengthy contracts to sign
         | with onerous provisions? You know this by now.)
        
         | dustingetz wrote:
         | There's another side to this: corporations are not people, your
         | champion may be a person but when they're gone next year your
         | contract is with the corporation, and the only "behavior" you
         | can expect is for it to optimize future cashflows. Do you want
         | the money or not?
        
         | jackson1442 wrote:
         | Strongly agree, noticed this when signing lease agreements.
         | Currently leasing from a place with tons of one-sided rules,
         | fines, surprise fees, etc, and they've been awful to deal with
         | overall.
         | 
         | I signed another lease recently with more sane rules and
         | enjoyed living there a lot more than I enjoy living at the
         | other place.
        
       | chadash wrote:
       | There's this HN obsession with negotiating on non-competes.
       | Here's the problem. Say that I work for Acme Corp that makes
       | Fancy Widgets for Bridgettes with 11 Digits and I'm hiring a
       | software engineer. We put out the offer and give them time to
       | respond. They come back saying they would like the offer to be
       | $10k higher. No problem... As the hiring manager, I might already
       | know that we have $10k leeway, or at the most, I'll have to go
       | ask someone a level or two above me.
       | 
       | Another candidate gets an offer and sees the non-compete clause
       | (which is the same across all of Acme Corp's 10k employees) and
       | asks for that to be removed. As the hiring manager, what do I do?
       | My boss leads a division but doesn't have authority to change
       | boilerplate contracts. Neither does her boss. So we need to go to
       | Legal. But who do I reach out to there? The company's general
       | counsel doesn't have time to deal with this. So I guess I start
       | emailing around? Who do I go to who actually has the authority to
       | change this? It becomes too much of a hassle and I turn candidate
       | #2 away. Oh, and by the way, had candidate #2 signed the
       | contract, they would have been banned from working for any other
       | company whose business is primarily selling Fancy Widgets to
       | people named Bridgette who have 11 fingers. It probably wouldn't
       | have been an issue anyway.
       | 
       | My point is that people sometimes overthink this. Yes, non-
       | competes are bad. I'd argue that they are immoral and certainly
       | bad policy. But not every non-compete is created equally and
       | sometimes maybe you'd be better off negotiating for other things
       | that might be easier to negotiate on and would be more useful
       | anyway. If you are a software engineer, it's often unlikely that
       | you'd find yourself working for a direct competitor anyway.
        
         | kevstev wrote:
         | Well lets say you work at TechCompany. TechCompany makes most
         | of its revenue off of ads, but it has a bunch of side bets in
         | classifieds, AI, self driving cars (or so its rumored), virtual
         | reality, chat, even some finance tools. Now you want to go to
         | NewTechCompany to go work on something there. But $TechCompany
         | says you can't do that, they are a competitor, you can't work
         | there for 12 months like your noncompete says! And you reply
         | well no, I worked on search engine stuff here, I will be
         | working on big data tools there, its completely different! And
         | TechCompany just says- "No, they are also a tech company. You
         | can't work there. On anything."
         | 
         | So you think about this for a minute, and go back out and go
         | get an offer from an ad company (in the digital space). And
         | again TechCompany comes back and says "No you cant work there,
         | they are a competitor! We do ads too!" And you come back and
         | are a little pissed now, and say "I have never worked on ads in
         | your company before, I have no idea what that is all about, I
         | don't have access to any of that stuff! I am going and stuff
         | it!"
         | 
         | TechCompany now comes back and says "well we have an army of
         | lawyers, we have already sent a letter to their legal
         | department saying we intend to sue." This ad company is small
         | and does business with TechCompany, and doesn't want to upset
         | them or get into a long and expensive legal battle. They
         | rescind your offer...
         | 
         | You now look at what else is out there... healthcare? probably
         | not... they have some forays into that too. Insurance? ok
         | maybe. A consulting firm? The options are just... small.
         | 
         | This by the way is not some completely fictional scenario.
         | These agreements are meant to intimidate you and make it more
         | difficult for you to leave. I had an egregious noncompete put
         | on me, that essentially said I could not work in any business
         | the company was involved in (which was ever expanding- though
         | in the financial space), and at first they wanted it to be a
         | fixed payment for not working, which while the number was
         | equivalent to about 6 months of my base salary (which was only
         | half of my total compensation roughly), I knew people at that
         | firm that had been there 15 years. That number they signed was
         | now paltry. They relented and said it could be based on base
         | salary for that year, but that was it. I swallowed the bullet
         | because I liked the company otherwise and the pay was great.
         | Later I renegotiated my comp toward my base salary to make sure
         | I was taken care of if I left.
         | 
         | Anyway, the specific details in my situation don't really
         | matter. My wife has also been bent over by a non-compete in a
         | similar fashion. You need to read this thing thinking about the
         | worst case possible scenario if the company wants to bend you
         | over, and nothing less. Taking these lightly puts you at risk
         | of a world of hurt. My wife had to step back and take shitty
         | jobs for 2 years because of a bad noncompete (for a place that
         | she worked at for 4 months before she was let go after a re-
         | org) and her compensation pretty much halved during that time-
         | we talked to a lawyer, he said yeah you will probably win in
         | the end, but it might take a year, a lot of money, the outcome
         | is uncertain, and no one is going to want to touch you while
         | the case is ongoing. DO NOT take these lightly.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | vabank wrote:
       | What's wrong with gym contracts?
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Depends on the type of gym. The cheap ones only can pay the
         | bills if most people are paying but not actually going. So they
         | have to make it hard to end the contract.
         | 
         | There are a few gyms that don't, but these tend to be based on
         | personal training or snall group classes. That personal
         | attention means they are more likely to end your contract for
         | you if you are not attending as they need a good reputation to
         | justify the high price they have to charge everyone.
         | 
         | If you know what your are doing in the gym you don't need the
         | services of the more expensive ones, so canceling will be hard.
        
           | _puk wrote:
           | Even if it is easy to end the contract (just ask to terminate
           | it option), it is quite common that you have to give X months
           | notice.
           | 
           | They rely on the fact many members will go less and less each
           | month before reviewing and cancelling, so they get paid for
           | 5-6 months.
        
         | mxuribe wrote:
         | Also, at least in many areas in the U.S., gyms - or more likely
         | gym chains - are among the fastest to resort to debt/collection
         | agencies....which in the U.S. tend to act very predatory. I
         | don't blame orgs for resorting to collection agencies for
         | legitimate folks who want to get out of paying, but i know far
         | too many people who have been "accidentally" put in the sights
         | of these collection agencies, and have had their credit
         | negatively impacted. It sucks that businesses have such power
         | over citizens and their financial reputation - without as much
         | recourse.
        
         | weberer wrote:
         | Its only a problem with certain large chains, but they are
         | often set up so that they automatically charge you every month
         | and it is very hard to cancel. If a gym doesn't accept cash and
         | demands you pay by credit card, that's a huge red flag. Also
         | check reviews of the gym before you sign up. And of course,
         | actually read the contract before signing. They can waive
         | certain clauses if you confront them. And if they don't, there
         | are plenty of small gyms to chose from.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | In my experience, they're not hard to cancel as long as you
           | cancel in the way that it outlined in the contract.
        
           | adrianmsmith wrote:
           | A mate of mine was paying, say, $50/month for his gym, and
           | had been doing so for a few years.
           | 
           | When he cancelled he was informed he'd actually been on a
           | reduced rate based on an expected 10 year subscription, and
           | as he hadn't stayed 10 years, the price had actually been
           | $60/month, so he now to pay a one-time fee of $10/month for
           | every month he'd been with them, in order to be able to
           | cancel.
           | 
           | Or, if he couldn't afford that or didn't want to pay, of
           | course he could withdraw his cancellation and keep on paying
           | his $50/month fee.
        
           | weberer wrote:
           | See also:
           | 
           | https://www.bbb.org/us/tx/austin/profile/gymnasium/planet-
           | fi...
        
           | ssnistfajen wrote:
           | I thought "gym contract" in the article was an euphemism for
           | specific types of employment contracts and was confused when
           | nowhere else in the article mentioned anything about gyms.
        
           | technothrasher wrote:
           | > Its only a problem with certain large chains
           | 
           | No, many little independent gyms have caught on to the
           | behavior too.
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | That's why I prefer business to business type of contract rather
       | than employment. Unfortunately in many countries government are
       | bribed by big consultancies to limit or even prevent individuals
       | from running their own consulting business.
        
       | somecompanyguy wrote:
       | after a lifetime of web development [started in 1996], you should
       | ask yourself "can i build a full product". if the answer is yes,
       | don't sign contracts and start your product. employers don't pay
       | what you're worth. you can save them 250k in a 2 week period and
       | they won't know you did it and definitely won't pay you like you
       | did. they might even toss you to the side thinking "oh my nephew
       | makes websites". you might have just increased your client's
       | conversion rates by 3% because of an issue on the checkout page
       | and when you call to report on it they might say "oh wow that
       | must be the advertisement i bought without telling you".
       | 
       | in most cases, its too technical for them to understand. i
       | recommend avoiding employers if you're money motivated.
        
       | 1celebreinconnu wrote:
       | I wonder how often non-compete clause are actually enforced. If I
       | don't tell my employer what my next employer is and don't update
       | my linkedin profile, I don't really see how it would actually
       | works in practice.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | In practice, they often only get enforced if you're actually
         | stealing customers and disrupting their business.
        
           | Ensorceled wrote:
           | Or if your boss _really_ dislikes that you are  "disloyal"
           | and left the company and uses company resources to pursue a
           | vendetta.
        
       | codingdave wrote:
       | > the best thing we as engineers can do is be aware of the types
       | of contracts we're signing
       | 
       | I'd argue that the best thing we can do is to not just make
       | generalizations about what is OK to sign or not. Confidentiality
       | agreements and non-competes are fine if they are narrowly
       | focused, fair, and your compensation is sufficient to make it
       | worth the restrictions. Because that is what a contract really is
       | - a balancing act between obligations and limitations put on
       | yourself contrasted with benefits (money) given to you in
       | exchange.
       | 
       | So an absurd non-compete is fine if they pay me a lot of money
       | for it. An confidentiality clause is fine if they pay me a lot of
       | money for it.
       | 
       | This becomes critical when looking at all the recent layoffs.
       | Most severance packages are exactly this type of contract -
       | confidentiality and other restrictions in exchange for your
       | severance pay.
       | 
       | Should you sign? Maybe. Maybe the severance pay is worth it. Read
       | the contract, understand it, and make a choice.
        
         | tallanvor wrote:
         | I agree. My contract says that my employer can choose to
         | enforce a non-compete for 12 months after I leave, but if they
         | do, they have to pay me during that time. It creates a strong
         | incentive for them to not abuse the non-compete.
        
           | claytonjy wrote:
           | Are you in finance? That kind of compensated-non-compete
           | seems common there, but rare elsewhere.
        
             | thwayunion wrote:
             | A garden leave clause is literally required for any
             | noncompete contract to be enforceable in MA [1].
             | Hilariously, none of the FAANG companies include a garden
             | leave clause for MA employees. NB: giving post facto garden
             | leave isn't enough to enforce a non-compete; an actual
             | clause needs to be in the signed noncompete contract in
             | order for the contract to be enforceable.
             | 
             | My employment lawyer friend is fairly certain that if a
             | FAANG tried to enforce a noncompete without a garden leave
             | clause, they could be sued for triple damages, where the
             | damages would certainly include the minimum required garden
             | leave, and that if the enforcement attempt resulted in a
             | job opportunity being aborted you could probably also
             | include the full vesting schedule of your next employment
             | contract in the damages (which, again, gets tripled).
             | 
             | [1] M.G.L Chapter 149 Section 24L:
             | 
             | (b) To be valid and enforceable, a noncompetition agreement
             | must meet the minimum requirements of paragraphs (i)
             | through (viii)...
             | 
             | (vii) The noncompetition agreement shall be supported by a
             | garden leave clause or other mutually-agreed upon
             | consideration between the employer and the employee,
             | provided that such consideration is specified in the
             | noncompetition agreement. To constitute a garden leave
             | clause within the meaning of this section, the agreement
             | must (i) provide for the payment, consistent with the
             | requirements for the payment of wages under section 148 of
             | chapter 149 of the general laws, on a pro-rata basis during
             | the entirety of the restricted period, of at least 50
             | percent of the employee's highest annualized base salary
             | paid by the employer within the 2 years preceding the
             | employee's termination; and (ii) except in the event of a
             | breach by the employee, not permit an employer to
             | unilaterally discontinue or otherwise fail or refuse to
             | make the payments; provided, however, if the restricted
             | period has been increased beyond 12 months as a result of
             | the employee's breach of a fiduciary duty to the employer
             | or the employee has unlawfully taken, physically or
             | electronically, property belonging to the employer, the
             | employer shall not be required to provide payments to the
             | employee during the extension of the restricted period.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Enforceable versus written in a contract are two
               | different things.
               | 
               | The question is what is the rate of voluntary compliance
               | in what would otherwise be an illegal contract.
        
             | biztos wrote:
             | In Germany (and probably much of the EU) that incentive is
             | built into the law, as it should be.
             | 
             | I think it's boilerplate in big company contracts there,
             | but extremely rarely enforced, because IIRC the amount you
             | have to pay is the comp for the job you're blocking.
             | 
             | When I had a contract like that, I occasionally fantasized
             | about getting a FAANG job and being paid in full to not
             | take it, but in reality that would never happen unless you
             | got caught in a spat between rival executives.
        
         | chadash wrote:
         | _> non-competes are fine if they are narrowly focused, fair,
         | and your compensation is sufficient to make it worth the
         | restrictions_
         | 
         | Yes! This is a particularly true for most software engineers. I
         | have a friend who is a doctor whose contract says that if
         | quits, he can't practice medicine within a 30-mile radius for
         | 12 months. His only option would be to move to a different
         | area, take a job with a horrible commute for a year or to wait
         | it out. On the other hand, as a software engineer, I've never
         | been in a situation where my thought is to move to a direct
         | competitor. My skillset is broadly applicable to many
         | industries, and it wouldn't be strange to do one gig for Home
         | Depot, the next one at Google, followed by a role at Tesla.
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | A lot of doctor and vet contracts are like that because they
           | are likely to get a large local client following just by
           | joining a practise that the practise has spent years
           | cultivating.
        
             | riskable wrote:
             | There's an easy way to solve this problem without non-
             | competes: _Treat your employees better_. Usually by _paying
             | them more_.
             | 
             | The entire concept of going to work for someone else is
             | that it's supposed to save you a lot of trouble having to
             | sell your services on your own/run your own business. If it
             | has become so much more profitable for doctors to leave and
             | start their own practice then they _should_ be doing that
             | because you 're not paying them enough! You're not "making
             | good" on your end of the bargain that we offer in civilized
             | society.
        
               | NhanH wrote:
               | Sure, and if a doctor is good enough, he can just start
               | his own practice from the start and never have to sign
               | anything since he never join any practice except his own.
               | 
               | That line of reasoning goes both way. If you sign
               | something, then it was worth it for you.
        
               | xjlin0 wrote:
               | >if a doctor is good enough, he can just start his own
               | practice
               | 
               | It depends. Many instruments, such as PET in nuclear
               | medicine, cost a lot. One have to work for
               | hospitals/networks to help his/her patients with that
               | instruments, no matter how good he/her is.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | > it's supposed to save you a lot of trouble having to
               | sell your services on your own/run your own business
               | 
               | Can't stress this enough. Show up, attend to patients as
               | scheduled then go home and enjoy life. All the boring
               | details are taken care of. It's definitely more
               | profitable to start one's own practice but the comfort of
               | working at such places should not be underestimated.
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | Not always, a vet practise can have 1-5 million in fixed
               | capital costs. Surgery, dental, x ray, blood and so on
               | all add up. Sharing admin and vet techs helps too.
        
               | hfifjdghu wrote:
               | This perspective completely evades the actual argument
               | which was that practices behave this way because they're
               | extending access to their client base which is a resource
               | they cultivated themselves and which will almost
               | certainly yield a following the the new applicant.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | Complete bullshit. The patients are not "theirs", they
               | are not resources to be traded. The doctor is the one
               | extending services to the practice. They're the ones who
               | benefit from having high quality professionals attending
               | to patients. The practice did not cultivate anything, the
               | doctors practicing there did. Doctor-patient
               | relationships are personal and it is 100% unethical to
               | interfere in them with anticompetitive contracts.
        
               | riskable wrote:
               | A client base is not an exclusive resource that only the
               | employer gets to have. If the doctor started a coffee
               | shop and those same clients started going there for their
               | coffee would it be the same? Or perhaps _the whole point_
               | of such clauses is the very definition of anti-
               | competitive behavior.
               | 
               | Also, if the doctor's patients all like him enough to
               | switch to his private practice when he leaves then
               | _clearly_ they weren 't paying the doctor enough. He was
               | worth that many patients!
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | They could pay doc more if they didn't spend any money on
               | marketing and retention but that would be a lose lose
               | situation, especially as most docs bill money on a per
               | visit basis.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | It's still an anticompetitive clause. The patients don't
             | belong to the practice.
        
               | buildbot wrote:
               | When my dentist retired his practice they actually sold
               | the client list specifically, so I am not sure this is
               | legally true. Morally I agree.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | What exactly is this "client list" that they sold? Names
               | and contact information?
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | Yeah, it's generally called good will. Client list,
               | client interaction, services, and payments history,
               | website, company name. The ability to figure out the best
               | clients and continue the relationship with them.
        
           | francisofascii wrote:
           | I know a PT who signed on of those. Then left, worked outside
           | the agreed radius (but still in the same metro area) , and
           | was still sued. He eventually settled.
        
             | b3morales wrote:
             | I imagine the lawyers came up with some bull like "well
             | _actually_ we meant that the 30-mile radius of your new
             | clinic can 't overlap with the 30-mile radius of ours"?
        
           | microtherion wrote:
           | Luckily Google does not, to my knowledge, try to have non-
           | competes in their contracts, and they would not be
           | enforceable in California, otherwise the problem with
           | companies their size would be that they "compete" in an
           | awfully large number of business areas.
           | 
           | Going from Google to Tesla? Sorry, they're a competitor in
           | driving cars. Spotify? They compete in streaming music.
           | Microsoft? They compete in search. Apple? They compete in
           | cellphones. Telegram Inc? Google does instant messaging.
           | Garmin? Google does maps. NCR? Every heard of Google Wallet?
        
         | RaCaS123 wrote:
         | (also worth taking into account whether clauses like an absurd
         | non-compete are even enforceable...)
        
           | crispyambulance wrote:
           | OK, but that's REALLY hard to assess for a normal person on
           | their own.
           | 
           | Moreover, it doesn't prevent unreasonable entities from
           | having their retained lawyers draft scary letters. Most
           | people just sign the boilerplate, hope for the best, and try
           | not to poke sticks into wasp nests if they can avoid it.
        
             | DennisP wrote:
             | But at software engineer salaries, it's not that expensive
             | to get legal advice for this. I did it once, when a company
             | I'd worked at for over a decade was bought out, and
             | insisted everyone sign onerous contracts including broad IP
             | assignment. I read the contracts carefully, marked them up
             | with specific questions, and spent $300 on a half-hour
             | consult with a lawyer, who said it was pretty much all
             | enforceable in my state. (So I left the company, which
             | worked out fine.)
        
               | AaronM wrote:
               | One question/comment here, I don't think they can force
               | you to sign a new one in most states without giving you
               | something in return. I know someone who refused to sign a
               | new contract because they didn't give him anything in
               | return, and there was nothing they could do about it, or
               | at least there was nothing they did do about it.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | Hah interesting. My lawyer didn't mention that so maybe
               | my state was an exception. Or, our employers can fire us
               | anytime for any reason so maybe he figured it would be
               | impractical to litigate.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | It is dishonorable to sign an agreement knowing you won't
           | adhere to your end because it's unenforceable.
           | 
           | After all, we make promises all the time that are
           | unenforceable, but we keep them.
        
             | idontpost wrote:
             | [dead]
        
             | riskable wrote:
             | That's like saying, "it's dishonorable to agree to a
             | contract to kill someone knowing full well such a contract
             | isn't enforceable."
             | 
             | If one party holds all the cards in a contract negotiation
             | it's never truly being negotiated in good faith in the
             | first place. Furthermore, one could argue that without
             | having an expert on contract law _right then and there_
             | available to answer any questions about any given contract
             | means it falls under a  "lack of capacity" for basically
             | anyone who isn't a lawyer.
             | 
             | Employee agreements _often_ fail in courts because of:
             | - Duress         - Lack of capacity (e.g. due to overly
             | complicated legalese *specifically written to be hard to
             | understand*)         - Undue influence (e.g. company says
             | they'll hire someone else if you ask to get the contract
             | reviewed by a lawyer before signing)         -
             | Misrepresentation (e.g. job was described as "X" but turns
             | out it's "Y")         - Non-disclosure (e.g. candidate was
             | not told job would require purchasing products or services
             | sold by the company itself or a partner)         -
             | Unconscionability (e.g. some term or terms in the contract
             | are so unfair that it cannot be allowed to stand... Like a
             | non-compete that says you can't work within 50 miles of
             | your former place of employment if you leave)
             | 
             | The "usual one" is unconscionability: Employers have unfair
             | bargaining power almost all of the time and judges and
             | juries are easy to convince of this. Also, these sorts of
             | things don't usually make it to court unless there's
             | something ridiculous in the contract. What's interesting is
             | _there usually is_ something ridiculous in every employee
             | contract. It 's just that those ridiculous things aren't
             | usually the part of the contract a company is trying to
             | enforce so they don't come up as often.
        
             | thwayunion wrote:
             | It's even more dishonorable for a company with a legal team
             | to offer up terms in a contract that are explicitly
             | illegal, and then use those illegal terms to conduct unfair
             | and deceptive business practices in the labor market.
             | 
             | In fact, that scenario is so dishonorable that in some
             | states you can ask the court for triple damages if the
             | employer tries to enforce the noncompete
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Your having honor is not conditional on others having
               | honor.
        
               | orangecat wrote:
               | Cooperating against a defect-bot is not an indication of
               | honor.
        
               | thwayunion wrote:
               | There is no honor is dying on an ER stretcher.
               | 
               | For anyone in the US who needs regular healthcare beyond
               | what's provided by Medicaid, the labor market is a war
               | for (literal) survival. If the ownership class didn't
               | want to return to an extremely adversarial relationship
               | with labor, then they shouldn't have gutted the social
               | safety net.
               | 
               | And no, I'm not going to show my hand in an imperfect
               | information game... it would be stupid and dishonorable
               | to my family to present with anything other than
               | bourgeoisie professional-managerial class sensibilities.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Honor is what separates men from animals. Each of us gets
               | to choose which we are.
        
               | Shaggy2000 wrote:
               | Right on, stick it to the man
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | Dishonorable? I don't think so. They're the ones trying to
             | trick employees into immoral and illegal obligations. They
             | only have themselves to blame if it blows up in their
             | faces. They played the game and they lost.
        
         | thwayunion wrote:
         | Serious question: is it even possible to get a well-paying dev
         | position that doesn't have one or more of the clauses listed in
         | the article?
         | 
         | Another consideration is whether the contract can be enforced
         | and your legal recourse if the counter-party attempts to
         | enforce an invalid contract clause. This is particularly true
         | for noncompetes.
         | 
         | A better piece of advice than "never sign" is to simply find an
         | employment lawyer and discuss the ramifications of the contract
         | prior to signing.
        
           | claytonjy wrote:
           | I have successfully negotiated my way out of non-competes and
           | other onerous employment contract terms. Only at small- or
           | medium-sized startups, though, not big tech. In general the
           | bigger the company, the less willing legal is to play ball. I
           | suspect going for rather senior roles helps, too.
        
             | thwayunion wrote:
             | Non-competes are dog-eat-dog "fuck you" territory for me. I
             | don't even bother negotiating. I happily sign non-competes,
             | but will never sign a non-compete that's _actually
             | enforceable_. If their lawyers want to lie to me about what
             | 's legal in my state, I'm happy to let them engage in
             | unfair and deceptive behavior right up until there are
             | actual damages.
             | 
             | More importantly, I would also happily fight them in court
             | if it came to that (and retire on the triple damages).
             | 
             | I'm thinking of some of the other clauses:
             | 
             | 1. "one-sided termination clause": Every contract in an at-
             | will jurisdictions without a guaranteed exit bonus
             | contains, implicitly or otherwise, a "one-sided termination
             | clause". I have never seen a contract for "normal working
             | stiffs" that contains an exit bonus, and I've only ever
             | worked in at-will jurisdictions.
             | 
             | 2. IP assignment
             | 
             | 3. Confidentiality agreements with broad language
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | Very, very, bad idea. Never sign something you disagree
               | with because you believe it to be unenforceable.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | I disagree. My employment attorney recently reviewed a
               | "non compete non solicitation" doc for an engagement and
               | said, "it's copied from LegalZoom and is so badly written
               | it will be unenforcible in the jurisdiction and here is
               | why." They earned their $300 for reviewing my employment
               | docs (for reasons beyond this specific issue). When in
               | doubt, seek counsel and follow their guidance.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | That's...rather different. You actually consulted an
               | attorney. 99.9% of the people trying this one weird trick
               | do not, often to their great cost.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | How would you even function in the US? Just one time to
               | get an apartment they had me sign an agreement stating I
               | was not in the military, had never been in the military &
               | would not join so long as I lived there. Keep in mind, I
               | was subject to conscription at the time.
               | 
               | The whole thing is laughably unenforceable as well.
               | They're trying to end run around federal law protecting
               | members of the uniformed services. You can write any
               | contract you want & have anyone you want sign it about.
               | Doesn't mean anything, at all.
               | 
               | Also I'm pretty sure if I got called up to go to war,
               | there is going to be someone in the DoD who can give me a
               | little legal help in explaining to the landlord how hard
               | they need to pound sand.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | That's a good example, but most contracts have language
               | such as "if any clause of this contract is found to be
               | invalid, the rest remains in force".
               | 
               | So yea, in a case like that that part of the contract
               | would be struck, but it isn't a get out of jail free card
               | for the entire contract.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | You're talking about "severability" in US contract law.
               | The rest of the contract was either stupid (regulating my
               | usage of the non-existent golf course) or just garden
               | variety stuff (can't sublet, etc.).
               | 
               | The same company also just dropped off an "updated"
               | contract a few months later and told me that I had to
               | review it and sign it or move out by the end of the
               | month. I obviously just ignored this.
        
               | jameshart wrote:
               | Right, but in an employment contract you want that
               | severability. If the company tries to enforce the non
               | compete clause and it's invalid, you don't want that to
               | invalidate their obligations with respect to your
               | pension.
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | My (well known, big) company doesn't do non-competes. They do
           | have the clause of not poaching employees for a year after
           | you leave, though.
           | 
           | And I'm free to work on other stuff or have a side business.
           | People in the company disagree on how much of that needs to
           | be disclosed, though.
        
         | letmeinhere wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | no-dr-onboard wrote:
           | The second half of your argument here appears to be saying
           | something that the commenter never mentioned.
        
             | glenstein wrote:
             | Normally I 100% agree and this is, to me, one of the most
             | important things that separates comments that are
             | constructive from ones that are unfocused and all over the
             | map. A lot of my own comment history is me making that same
             | criticism.
             | 
             | But in this case, I think they are identifying an
             | implication of "not making generalities" which I find to be
             | perfectly appropriate. It reminds me of the robolending
             | scandal, and how companies involved tried to deflect
             | systematic criticism by suggesting each instance of
             | robolending needed to be reviewed on a case by case basis
             | without drawing why systematic conclusions.
             | 
             | It's meant as a criticism of how "don't make
             | generalizations" can be used to deflect important and
             | appropriate criticism, and I don't think it's just a case
             | of someone changing the subject randomly.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | Such a point could be made directly and respectfully, and
               | without the sneering sarcasm. Engaging with such content
               | rather than rejecting that behavior out of hand rewards
               | it and demonstrates both to the poster and to any
               | onlookers that lowering the level of discussion is
               | welcome here.
        
               | letmeinhere wrote:
               | I get that you don't like sarcasm (disagree, but to each
               | his own), but how is the comment that I replied to more
               | "respectful"? They dismissed out of hand the entire
               | intellectual exercise of the original post because it
               | doesn't jibe with their ideal of perfectly informed
               | employees making optimal contracts with their employers.
               | 
               | I found their tone quite sneering and flippant, and so I
               | parodied it (pretty mildly, I might add, the implications
               | are right there in the comment I replied to).
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | Asking people not to misread a comment is an exhortation
               | to improve quality of discussion. Endorsing a misreading
               | because you dislike the comment being misread does not
               | improve quality of discussion. You're equivocating
               | between (1) misinterpret and (2) "reject out of hand" in
               | order to make that endorsement work.
               | 
               | You can object to style without having to signal to the
               | community that misinterpreting comments is an accepted
               | practice.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | It is not a misread to point out that the comment was
               | loaded with sarcasm and would have been better without
               | it, neither is it one to point out that engaging with
               | that content causes its proliferation.
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | It is a misread to equivocate between stylistic
               | objections and a criticism that was not about stylistic
               | objections and suggest that both were expressing the same
               | idea.
               | 
               | Endorsing the misread as the cost of doing business in
               | order to reject a comment over stylistic objections
               | signals that misreading is to be embraced as a community
               | value.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | Which I didn't do? Nobody misread anything. The comment
               | is objectively nasty and sarcastic, against the rules of
               | the site, and I asked you to consider that substantive
               | comments are best addressed to other substantive
               | comments.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | All of which are ideas that are communicated more clearly
               | when they aren't dripping with sarcasm so thick that it
               | obscures the ideas behind it.
        
           | LBJsPNS wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
       | jjluoma wrote:
       | I didn't sign a work contract because it was written in English
       | and there was no translation available, especially since it
       | contained a non-standard clause related to intellectual property
       | rights. All communication before signing the contract had been in
       | my native language.
        
       | CPLX wrote:
       | This is silly. It would be useful if it said something like "here
       | are clauses that you should understand the implications of very
       | clearly" but that's about it.
       | 
       | Work for hire clauses are totally normal _for certain kinds of
       | work_ and no sane company is going to want you contributing some
       | relatively inconsequential portion of a creative project unless
       | the contract makes it clear you won't claim to own it all later.
       | 
       | Same goes for the idea of never signing an exclusive distribution
       | agreement. You would tell someone not to have their book
       | published by a major publisher?
       | 
       | The rest mostly have nuance too. The various forms of non compete
       | and NDA agreements are clearly unethical for entry level workers
       | and would be essential for any high level CEO gig, or principals
       | in a corporate acquisition
       | 
       | Also big companies are conservative, and they don't care about
       | your demands. If you don't have a track record and want to do
       | business with big companies you might have to sign some crazy
       | stuff. Your other option is to not get enterprise business, and
       | for the most part it doesn't really matter it's fine to sign some
       | stuff and get paid.
       | 
       | The answer to this stuff is it depends.
        
       | meowfly wrote:
       | The only time I've been burned by my contract is from relocation
       | expenses. I went to a company to take a job and not long into it
       | a reorg moved me to a different team. I left the company and they
       | demanded I pay back my relocation expenses. When I protested that
       | they changed my role to something not what I was expecting, I was
       | told that according to my contract it doesn't matter. The
       | temporary housing I was put in was very expensive despite the
       | fact I hated it. Luckily, my balance was paid as part of a
       | signing bonus by my new company.
       | 
       | My lesson here was: Never take a relocation package that has the
       | company sorting your housing and travel, just ask for a large
       | signing bonus instead.
        
         | jrockway wrote:
         | I got paid relocation once, and the contract said that if any
         | employment changes were on their end, I wouldn't have to pay
         | the costs back. (I think this is why there are clauses like "if
         | we don't hear from you for 3 days, that counts as resigning"
         | instead of "if we don't hear from you for 3 days, you're
         | fired". BTW, never go on vacation in a no-cell-phone area over
         | the transition date for a vacation tracking system migration.
         | Learned that one the hard way!)
         | 
         | Nobody should sign a contract where they can fire you and
         | charge you relocation costs; that is not employment but a scam
         | to prop up relocation companies!
         | 
         | If you quit, then it's 50/50 in my mind. My take is that I
         | don't want to be liable anything for quitting; the signing
         | bonus is literally a bonus for signing the contract, not an
         | obligation to do a certain amount of work. Salary covers the
         | work. But I'd probably take a signing bonus that requires some
         | tenure to not have to pay it back. Spend the money after that
         | period. (Relocation is different to me because the disruption
         | in your life is what they're paying for. If you don't like the
         | job, your life was still disrupted. You're not asking for them
         | to unrelocate you.)
        
         | adrianmsmith wrote:
         | Even signing bonuses sometimes have to be repaid if you leave
         | the company too quickly.
        
           | meowfly wrote:
           | For sure. I sort of get the company not wanting spend money
           | to sign me and then I immediately quit.
           | 
           | The relocation management company racked up a bill I would
           | have never incurred if I allocated the money myself.
        
       | Delphiza wrote:
       | OP refers to a post from Joel Spolsky, but there is a better one
       | that he wrote that I'll include the text below.
       | 
       | It was one of those posts that stuck in my head because it makes
       | sense. There may be an overriding reason why an employer is
       | likely to tell you to take the contract as-is or walk, no matter
       | how much they want you to join. You may think that you are super-
       | valuable engineer, and maybe even the hiring manager, but not if
       | your negotiation is likely to hold up the due diligence of the
       | investors' exit.
       | 
       | https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2016/12/09/developers-side-pr...
       | 
       |  _Even if a company decided, "oh gosh, we don't want to own the
       | 5:00-9:00 inventions," they would soon get into trouble. Why?
       | Because they might try to take an investment, and the investor
       | would say, "prove to me that you're not going to get sued by some
       | disgruntled ex-employee who claims to have invented the things
       | that you're selling." The company wants to be able to pull out a
       | list of all current and past employees, and show a contract from
       | every single one of them assigning inventions to the company.
       | This is expected as a part of due diligence in every single high
       | tech financing, merger, and acquisition, so a software company
       | that isn't careful about getting these assignments is going to
       | have trouble getting financed, or merging, or being acquired, and
       | that ONE GUY from 1998 who didn't sign the agreement is going to
       | be a real jerk about signing it now, because he knows that he's
       | personally holding up a $350,000,000 acquisition and he can
       | demand a lot of money to sign._
       | 
       | The above is an IP example, but non-competes may be the same
       | (regardless of if they are enforceable). Q:"What is to stop
       | everybody resigning after we announce the merger and working for
       | the senior manager the next day?" A:"Every employee has signed
       | one of <<these>> and most will be scared of the threatening
       | lawyers letters that we send."
        
         | EntropyIsAHoax wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | gnopgnip wrote:
         | How are noncompetes the same when they are illegal in CA
        
           | Delphiza wrote:
           | They are probably not illegal to put into a contract, even if
           | they are illegal to enforce. I don't know about CA
           | specifically, but we have similar statutory rights UK, which
           | is why employees largely ignore them by signing the contract
           | with the non-compete clause in.
           | 
           | The point still remains. There is sufficient contractual
           | legalese that is backed up by threatening lawyers letters
           | that stop some or most of the staff leaving and going
           | elsewhere. That is enough for the deal to go through.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | secondstring wrote:
       | I mean in principle, I agree with all of these points. But in
       | reality if you stick to these rules hard and fast, you'll
       | basically never accept a job offer. That's clearly an
       | exaggeration, but many-to-most of these clauses are in every
       | boilerplate contract.
       | 
       | Whether it's a small startup that's using a generic contract
       | they've gotten from the internet or their lawyers, up to massive
       | corporations, they're all going to include semblances of some of
       | these points. Probably for different reasons, but the points will
       | still be in there. Startups and small companies might be more
       | flexible to work with you on changing parts, but still the legal
       | headache of changing anything is often far greater for the
       | company than just passing on you and looking for another
       | candidate. Infinity moreso for big companies.
       | 
       | My experience is biased towards technical roles (like most on
       | HN), but I've worked for startups, big companies, and as a
       | freelance contractor. It's the same stuff in most contracts.
       | Obviously my experience is not indicative of 100% of companies
       | and I'm sure I'll have people chime in saying they had success
       | getting company X to change some of their contract, but it's
       | overwhelmingly not going to happen. So to treat these points as
       | 'rules' instead of 'points to be aware of' is a bit too hardline
       | of a stance to take in my opinion.
        
         | wheybags wrote:
         | I've had a "we own everything you make" clause in contracts
         | before, it's just copy pasted boilerplate, and they were fine
         | with removing it when I asked.
         | 
         | Noncompetes I've been fine with, because they were always quite
         | niche companies, and the wording was something along the lines
         | of "don't join our direct competitors for a few years", and
         | that seems ok to me. I will grant that it gets more complicated
         | with megacorporations that work on everything though, as their
         | "competitors" are roughly everyone.
        
           | cloogshicer wrote:
           | I think the important thing is that you asked.
           | 
           | I've had a very negative experience, where I also asked, and
           | they basically said "sign it or GTFO". So I did the latter,
           | and I'm very glad I did.
        
             | codingdave wrote:
             | A number of years back, our company was acquired and they
             | sent us employment contracts from our new owners, with that
             | same "sign it or GTFO" message. Many people signed. A few
             | of us just didn't. Nastygrams kept on coming, we kept on
             | ignoring them. Ultimately, we never did end up signing.
             | 
             | Which is the other piece of the puzzle - lawyers are really
             | good at knowing when they actually have power and when they
             | do not. Unfortunately, when they don't truly have legal
             | power they resort to bullying. So if you are being bullied
             | to sign a contract, that usually is a red flag to stop,
             | really look at things, and figure out why they are using
             | that tactic. You may be in a better situation than you
             | think.
        
         | pnutjam wrote:
         | We need a SAG style union to address issues like this, but
         | that's pie in the sky dreaming.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | _> many-to-most of these clauses are in every boilerplate
         | contract_
         | 
         | Contracts are entirely negotiable. If there's a job you want,
         | but the contract contains an objectionable clause, tell them
         | that you're willing to accept if they strike that clause. If
         | you're at the point in the hiring process where they're showing
         | you the contract, that means that they've sunk resources into
         | you that they don't want to throw away. And the fact that these
         | clauses are boilerplate, as you say, works in your favor,
         | because nobody involved in the hiring process consciously chose
         | to put that clause in and they probably don't really give a
         | damn.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | moron4hire wrote:
           | In 20 years, I've never seen a company that was willing to
           | negotiate over the employment contract of an _employee_. As a
           | freelance consultant, I had free range to negotiate, but as
           | an employee, the contract was _always_ presented as  "take it
           | or leave."
        
             | riskable wrote:
             | That's probably because most people don't even think about
             | it or bother trying. They may not even read the agreement!
             | 
             | I've successfully negotiated contracts several times in the
             | past. Even once at a big company (that I knew was desperate
             | :). As long as what you're asking for is reasonable they'll
             | usually make the change _unless_ it 's a really big
             | company. In that case they're not going to bother and just
             | tell you to either sign it or go to work somewhere else.
             | They know they have plenty of leverage and there's always
             | someone else they can hire.
        
             | OkayPhysicist wrote:
             | I've negotiated literally every employment contract I've
             | ever signed. Hiring people is expensive, and by the time
             | you've found someone you're willing to extend an offer to,
             | there's a lot of sunk cost. That, my friend, is called
             | "leverage".
        
           | secondstring wrote:
           | > because nobody involved in the hiring process consciously
           | chose to put that clause in and they probably don't really
           | give a damn.
           | 
           | Yes but I think I didn't convey my point enough. Nobody
           | involved in the hiring process cares, and if it's a good
           | company they probably agree with you. But this standard
           | contract is what they paid attorneys good money to comb over
           | with a fine tooth comb for liability, and eventually sign off
           | on.
           | 
           | Very very very few companies are going to go pay Expensive
           | Law Co. (TM) $500 per hour to review changes to the contract
           | just because _one_ potential hire who still might not even
           | accept the offer says they won't accept if that's in it. It's
           | way out of most recruiters or engineering managers that you
           | might be interfacing with to make that happen, not to mention
           | making their life way harder. Heck even a startup CTO might
           | balk at having to go spend more on legal.
           | 
           | I have had clauses similar to the "we own everything you do
           | 24/day" one and I've pushed back on all of them. Every time,
           | the response is "yes we totally understand but we have no
           | power to change the wording in this contract we use for every
           | single employee" and it just comes down to a gut judgement
           | call on my part on if I feel they will actually screw me over
           | on that point.
           | 
           | Again to emphasise, I totally agree logically with author's
           | and your points. But it's simply not realistic to approach
           | job hunting that black and white unless you're comfortable
           | being out of work for months until you find the perfectly-
           | flexible-enough company.
        
             | grey-area wrote:
             | They'll tell you that this is unchangeable, it's the
             | default, etc the first few times, but if you persist,
             | they'll usually just strike out a clause like this if they
             | actually want to come to an agreement. They may not even
             | bother telling legal (depends on company size).
             | 
             | Really it depends whether you're negotiating from a
             | position of strength and and can walk away, if you are
             | changes like this become possible, if you are not changes
             | are more difficult.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | I've never had any HR person give up even a comma in a
               | contract like this, even after a full week of back-and-
               | forth negotiating and trying to get them to strike out an
               | individual sentence or change a word. Their attitude is
               | that even if they lose their first choice hire over it,
               | they always have a pipeline, and they'd rather adhere
               | strictly to legal protocol and go with their second-
               | choice hire.
        
               | grey-area wrote:
               | Don't talk to HR, talk to the hiring manager.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | They've always just kicked it over to HR. In hindsight I
               | probably could have leaned on them harder.
        
             | varispeed wrote:
             | I think you are exaggerating.
             | 
             | > Very very very few companies are going to go pay
             | Expensive Law Co. (TM) $500 per hour to review changes to
             | the contrac
             | 
             | If they are already hiring "Expensive Law Co." then most
             | likely they have them contracted anyway. Even with big
             | corporations, there was never an issue with this. They were
             | always happy to send my changes to their legal team for
             | review and also allowed me as much time as I needed to
             | review and consult my own legal team (if I had one). It is
             | in their and my interest that the contract describes the
             | relationship in a way we both want and it is fair for both
             | sides.
             | 
             | > "yes we totally understand but we have no power to change
             | the wording in this contract we use for every single
             | employee"
             | 
             | Had that too. Just be persistent and firm. "I can't sign
             | the contract with these clauses in." 100% of the time they
             | would eventually change their mind. It may be bad for them
             | that the clauses will be gone, and they need to show their
             | employer they put up a fight and also it would be much
             | worse to lose resource that otherwise was ticking all the
             | boxes.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | The issue is in _smaller_ companies that _don 't_ have
               | standing contracts with Expensive Law Co, and can't
               | afford to even pick up the phone to ask them a question
               | unless they're in serious need.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | Nobody is going over a contract with legsl just because
             | they removed the 'we own everything you make' clause.
             | That's an irrelevant part of the contract.
        
               | riskable wrote:
               | At big companies they will _not_ change the contract for
               | a single candidate. No way. Not unless it 's a "big deal"
               | sort of job where the executives are involved. They'll
               | just tell you to go pound sand.
               | 
               | The _correct_ course of action is to cross out the
               | clause, put your initials next to it, then sign the
               | document. It is the responsibility of the company to have
               | _someone_ review contracts for such things but they never
               | do; they just collect all the documents, check they 're
               | signed, and file them away to be forgotten about forever
               | (or until a lawsuit requires they be retrieved).
               | 
               | I've done this at several employers! I even tell the HR
               | people what I'm doing so they can't claim they're being
               | misled. Not once have they ever understood what I was
               | even talking about or even cared. It's because they're HR
               | people; not lawyers. They just "follow the script" as it
               | were.
               | 
               | One woman at HR said that what I did--crossing out the
               | "we own everything you make while you work here plus a
               | year afterwards" clause--was a "very good idea" and just
               | took my documents and filed them away like anyone else's.
               | I even offered alternative language that would be fair
               | along the lines of, "we own everything you make using
               | company resources in your official line of work" but she
               | wasn't interested.
               | 
               | A lot of HN folks _make stuff_ and these invention
               | clauses are completely ridiculous. If you invent a new
               | kind of apple peeler in your garage on a weekend using
               | your own tools it is absolutely unconscionable that your
               | employer who pays you to do programming or management
               | work could claim ownership of that thing. Even if the
               | contract says as such I seriously doubt any court would
               | enforce that unless you worked at a manufacturer of apple
               | peelers.
        
               | kmoser wrote:
               | This. You always have the power to change the proposed
               | contract to suit your needs, and let them balk if they
               | don't like it. This assumes it's a contract you can
               | actually edit (whether on the computer or mark up with
               | pen); for non-editable things (e.g. DocuSign contracts),
               | I'm not sure what you'd do if you can't print it out pre-
               | signing.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | For the latter, I've sent them a "diff" over email
               | containing the changes I required before signing. They
               | didn't accept any changes to the document itself, but
               | they did let me create a separate document with
               | clarifying language.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | My experience in the USA is that they will flatly refuse
               | to change anything in the contract, and will tell you to
               | take it as-is or walk away, in part because they feel
               | like they can't make changes without getting it re-
               | approved by legal first.
        
               | OkayPhysicist wrote:
               | I've had the opposite experience. There was always a bit
               | of hand-wringing about "oh, but this is the contract
               | approved by our legal consultants...", but pointing out
               | the fact that A) this clause is flatly impossible to
               | enforce in my jurisdiction and B) it would be immensely
               | silly to blow up this entire hiring process over a
               | contract clause that, best case scenario, would involve
               | them having to sue me and lose to enforce has always made
               | the hiring manager sign off on the reasonable
               | modifications.
               | 
               | Of course, if the clauses are enforceable in your state,
               | it might be a different matter, but that's also an
               | opportunity to make demands. "Sure we agreed to $XXX,XXX
               | , but there was no mention of a noncompete. That's going
               | to need $XXX,XXX+$YY,YYY or $Z weeks of vacation". Make
               | the numbers bigger than you think is reasonable, and
               | they'll probably cave on the contract clause. Or they'll
               | compensate you for it. Win/Win.
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | They don't give a damn, but every time I've asked for changes
           | to contracts, including positions I was actively recruited
           | for by the hiring manager, once even by the _owner_ of the
           | company, I 'm told to sign it or no job. In the case of the
           | owner asking me to apply, they literally said "My lawyer says
           | to leave it in, you're not a lawyer, it's staying in."
           | 
           | I'm sure some people have negotiated these things but I've
           | tried multiple times - to shorten noncompete lengths, to
           | remove the "anything you do on our machine is ours for all
           | time" stuff, etc - but never had any success.
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | "My lawyer says to leave it in, you're not a lawyer, it's
             | staying in."
             | 
             | The response there is "Well you aren't a lawyer either, and
             | mine said it needs to go".
             | 
             | As others here have said, crazy clauses can go. One key
             | point, make it clear it is about unduly restricting right
             | to income in the future, _without_ wanting to screw over
             | anyone.
             | 
             | This is why a second response, such as "Well, if you triple
             | the salary ... maybe" makes a point here.
             | 
             | Some contracts literally make it impossible for you to work
             | in the future, in your field. That means 'gimme retirement
             | salary on exit' minimum.
             | 
             | (Such broad clauses are rarely enforceable, you can't
             | prevent a person from working at all, but... )
        
             | the_gipsy wrote:
             | Can you clarify if you walked away (and they let you) or
             | not? Because if not, then it was just negotiating 101.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | They will 100% let you walk over this. And then what?
               | Your next offer will be the same, and so on. Market
               | forces don't work if every agent on one side of the
               | market does exactly the same thing.
        
         | ModernMech wrote:
         | > But in reality if you stick to these rules hard and fast,
         | you'll basically never accept a job offer. That's clearly an
         | exaggeration, but many-to-most of these clauses are in every
         | boilerplate contract.
         | 
         | In the tech industry, yeah, but there are industries that
         | aren't so employee hostile where you can find better contract
         | terms. I'd have to say in my experience, the tech industry is
         | one of the worst when it comes to the malicious application of
         | employment contracts. Apple is especially egregious with
         | forcing interviewees to sign expansive NDAs; the Dilbert
         | cartoon is spot on by making them dress like Apple store
         | employees.
        
           | secondstring wrote:
           | Totally correct - I tried to caveat that in my post by saying
           | I'm skewed hard tech industry. That was the main attention of
           | the article, and my main experience, so I was writing from
           | that viewpoint.
           | 
           | I somehow doubt that Vail Resorts has a non-compete for their
           | lift operators to go work on another mountain (although now
           | that I think about it VR is pretty terrible so this might
           | have been a bad example)
        
           | sumtechguy wrote:
           | The funny NDA's are the ones where they think they have a
           | 'secret sauce'. Then you get in there and find out they are
           | using some off the shelf API's exactly as intended. You start
           | asking exact questions and they do not understand how you
           | know so much about their product already.
        
       | ergonaught wrote:
       | I assume that I understand your point and probably even agree
       | with the sentiment, however the content itself appears to be
       | saying, "Don't sign contracts", or, "Don't work for other
       | people." Granted, that's from a mostly USA-based perspective.
       | 
       | I've agreed to some terms because I didn't actually care whether
       | they were enforced, because I was pretty confident the company
       | couldn't or at least wouldn't do anything about it, or because my
       | life circumstances didn't supply the luxury of choice.
       | 
       | Understanding the potential consequences and "why those may be
       | bad" is useful, and prodding companies/governments to move away
       | from that stuff is awesome, but "don't do that" isn't necessarily
       | an option in many (most) contexts.
        
       | waynesonfire wrote:
       | would like to see a version of this called "contracts you should
       | sign" -- like, what does a golden parachute clause look like? how
       | do these executives keep walking away with so much money while
       | floor employees are given 11 weeks, and it's out of generosity of
       | management.
        
       | pocket_cheese wrote:
       | Non competes are becoming less and less enforceable in the US.
       | 
       | I left my old company and wanted to start a competing business in
       | a different vertical in the e-commerce space. What actually
       | stopped me was the privacy and inventions and non disclosure
       | agreements.
       | 
       | Pretty much it prevented me from using any know how I learned
       | while at my last company and disallowed me from using any of the
       | same suppliers and marketplaces to buy and sell on (of which
       | there are few in my business domain).
       | 
       | In my experience, these types of agreements can be the actual
       | thing that stops you from doing your own thing.
        
         | danjoredd wrote:
         | In Texas, non-competes are so restricted that employers can
         | barely enforce them. I know people who signed non-competes,
         | went to work for a competitor, and when they were sued the
         | judge threw the case out because the non-compete clause was
         | unenforceable according to Texas Law. It simply said "I agree
         | not to start my own IT business or work for a competing IT
         | business in three years of my departure" without specifying a
         | range of distance that is enforceable.
        
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