[HN Gopher] How thick is sea ice and how do we know?
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       How thick is sea ice and how do we know?
        
       Author : mooreds
       Score  : 41 points
       Date   : 2023-01-26 14:56 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nsidc.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nsidc.org)
        
       | mcdonje wrote:
       | Well that's depressing.
       | 
       | It's also a bit confusing to me. Sonar can't measure thickness.
       | It only measures the distance between the sub and the bottom of
       | the ice. Altimeters likewise only measure the height.
       | 
       | I suppose if the maps are comprehensive enough and you overlay
       | them, you can get a thickness. However, the computer models
       | appear to be looking at ice age and surface temperature, not
       | sonar or altimeter mapping.
       | 
       | Surface temperature seems like the sort of thing that would be
       | well tracked if satellites are capable of taking those
       | measurements. Ice age seems like something they'd probably need
       | human run surveys for.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | Generally they track the ice and where it's moving, so they
         | know when the older ice is moving in a direction where it'll
         | melt out. The older ice normally piles in around ellesmere
         | island, especially during the summer.
        
         | FoomFries wrote:
         | I would imagine sonar coupled with water pressure could measure
         | thickness (or however a sub measures its current depth).
         | 
         | Surface temp is done via IR satellite imagery, although clouds
         | will muck the readings.
        
         | abruzzi wrote:
         | How accurate are depth gauges? (I see them in submarine movies
         | all the time, but I don't really know anything about them.).
         | But if your depth gauge says 100 ft, and the sonar says the ice
         | is 80 ft above you, then you should be able to estimate 20 ft.
         | Also does the presence of ice affect the depth gauge? I'd think
         | not, but I don't know.
        
           | mcdonje wrote:
           | You could be onto something there, but it'd be complicated by
           | displacement. If it pushes the water boundary down 20', how
           | thick is the ice above sea level? If they have a pretty
           | consistent way to estimate that at the relevant level of
           | granularity, then that would work.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Ice has a reasonably uniform density as does sea water.
             | This approach isn't going to provide micron level
             | precision, but should get to within inches.
        
             | LarryMullins wrote:
             | If the density of both the ice and the water are known and
             | if the ice is floating (not resting on the bottom), then
             | you can calculate how much ice is below the water by
             | observing how much ice is above the water, and vice versa.
        
         | wefarrell wrote:
         | If you know the altitude above sea level and the density is
         | uniform then it should be possible to calculate how how much
         | ice is below the surface and the thickness.
         | 
         | Sonar should be able to measure the distance from the sub to
         | the ocean floor and the sub to the bottom of the ice above it.
         | Add them together and you get the distance from the ice to the
         | ocean floor.
         | 
         | With those two datapoints it should be possible to get an
         | accurate estimate of the ice thickness.
        
         | misnome wrote:
         | Wouldn't the water-ice and ice-air boundaries reflect
         | separately in a detectable way?
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | Could you fire projectiles or lasers at the ice from drones?
         | This could be automated and cover a large area.
         | 
         | A small penetrator with built in radio could conceivably make
         | it through a lot of ice sheet depth and relay all of the data
         | back.
         | 
         | Optical methods could penetrate a certain thickness of ice and
         | give us absorbance / reflectance spectra.
        
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       (page generated 2023-01-26 23:01 UTC)