[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Anyone here working on/with membrane computing?
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       Ask HN: Anyone here working on/with membrane computing?
        
       Although probably late in this field, I have recently come across
       the topic, sourced/starting from an old paper by one of the main
       actors in this area, Gheorghe Paun ("An impossibility theorem for
       indicators aggregation"), who I then followed through to learning
       about Membrane Computing. I am planning to buy the introductory
       book on the topic, also authored by Paun, but not right away. I was
       wondering if there are individuals who could speak to the how and
       why, and maybe work on applications in this space.
        
       Author : netfortius
       Score  : 46 points
       Date   : 2023-01-25 13:21 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | nextos wrote:
       | Luca Cardelli, who is quite famous in formal methods, did a lot
       | of work in the area during the early 2000s:
       | http://lucacardelli.name
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | This seems to be a special case of a computational fabric.[1] If
       | you reduce computation to the barest minimum, you get down to a
       | cartesian grid of 4 input 4 output Look Up Tables (LUTs). If you
       | clock them in alternating phases, like colors on a checkerboard,
       | you avoid all race conditions, and get deterministic general
       | purpose computing which can run this type of algorithm.
       | 
       | I was reading George Gilder back in the 1980s when that idea hit
       | me, and its been in the back of my brain ever since.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabric_computing
        
       | mindcrime wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_computing
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_system
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane
       | 
       | Huh. Wasn't familiar with this before now. Looks very interesting
       | though.
        
         | ElevenLathe wrote:
         | I come at this more from the (amateur) history of science angle
         | (meaning I am in no way qualified to speak about recent work in
         | this field) so take this with a grain of salt, but it all seems
         | very much in the vein of Turing's late work "The Chemical Basis
         | of Morphogenesis". Essentially, one of the first things Turing
         | did when he had regular access to a real computer (and not some
         | lashup being used to break German ciphers) was to use it to
         | simulate how life might arise from ordinary chemical reactions.
         | In other words, Turing himself was using a Turing machine
         | (well, a Ferranti Mk 1 I think, so more of a Von Neuman
         | machine) to simulate what ended up being the path to "super-
         | Turing" models of computation!
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | regarding https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_system#Rules , cf
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuple_space
        
       | guiraldelli wrote:
       | I have worked with it [1], in particular with a special class of
       | it, MP (Metabolic P).
       | 
       | In a nutshell, it is a theoretical model _inspired_ by biology,
       | but which produces many interesting results, as super-Turing
       | computational power.
       | 
       | I am not sure whether it is still, but the reference on web for
       | the subject was http://ppage.psystems.eu/ .
       | 
       | Besides Paun, other big names in the topic are Perez-Jimenez,
       | Gheorghe and Manca.
       | 
       | As far as I am concerned, there are little practical application
       | of it, even though the theoretical potential is considerable.
       | 
       | I tried to focus on more day-to-day application of MP [2], and I
       | managed to get some nice results, but further advance was limited
       | by external forces.
       | 
       | Do I recommend to buy an introductory book on the subject? No,
       | mostly because I think the material online from the people I
       | mentioned above, plus their publication, is more than enough to
       | acquire the knowledge. Besides, I bet the book is published by
       | Elsevier, which usually mean it is a simple collection of papers,
       | except the fact I am not fan of that publishing house.
       | 
       | If you have any more direct question, feel free to contact me--
       | hopefully I can be of some help.
       | 
       | But, I have the impression that membrane computing is still a
       | very academic topic disconnected from the engineering world.
       | 
       | If it is what you like, then it might satisfy you. :)
       | 
       | [1]: https://ricardo.guiraldelli.com/research.html#doctorate
       | 
       | [2]: https://ricardo.guiraldelli.com/research.html#available-
       | mate...
        
         | netfortius wrote:
         | Thank you! Very informational and kind of you to offer further
         | assistance. I'm way too uneducated in this space, for now, to
         | even assume I could produce pertinent questions.
        
         | jsenn wrote:
         | This is interesting stuff--thanks for writing it out.
         | 
         | > ...super-Turing computational power.
         | 
         | Could you expand on this? The Wikipedia page claims that the
         | deterministic version can be efficiently simulated by a Turing
         | machine.
         | 
         | The Wikipedia page and page you linked claim that NP problems
         | can be solved in linear time. It does point out the caveat that
         | it would require exponential space, but I think even then
         | something's being swept under the rug. Namely, it assumes that
         | an exponential number of basic computational steps can be
         | performed in a single "time step". In a physical cell (and
         | presumably any other instantiation of this model in the real
         | world), repeated application of a rule like a -> aa would
         | require an exponentially-increasing expenditure of energy,
         | which isn't being taken into account in the analysis.
        
           | fdupress wrote:
           | Space might be a good enough approximation of energy to not
           | bother?
        
       | pubby wrote:
       | In a somewhat-related area, Alan Kay viewed object-oriented
       | programming as cells (objects) and their transport proteins
       | (messages). Like biology, the system is a big ugly mess, but it's
       | made up of tiny self-contained units that can handle themselves.
       | The actor model continues this idea, but usually drops the
       | connection to biology.
        
       | cvccvroomvroom wrote:
       | Similar to VM emulation, the problems with electronic or Turing
       | simulation of chemical and biological processes are many.
       | Simulating a sea of neurons or organelles doesn't tend to scale
       | well without using actual organic processes.
       | 
       | I wouldn't bother without a specific need that can be accelerated
       | with biochemistry directly. Turing completeness can't be improved
       | on.
        
         | mindcrime wrote:
         | _Turing completeness can 't be improved on._
         | 
         | Are we sure of that though? I thought it was the case that the
         | Church-Turing Thesis[1] was "widely considered to be true" but
         | had not been, in the strict sense, proven. If so, doesn't that
         | leave open the at least the possibility of Hypercomputation[2]
         | as a real thing?
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%E2%80%93Turing_thesis
         | 
         | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercomputation
        
       | al2o3cr wrote:
       | The claims of "solve NP problems in linear time" appear to come
       | with a giant gotcha: they involve allowing the number of
       | membranes to grow exponentially with the problem size! For
       | instance, see:
       | 
       | https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/research/groups/CDMTCS/researc...
       | 
       | This seems like a huge problem for any electronic representation,
       | since most any computational approach will deliver "super-Turing"
       | results if you allow the machine to grow faster than the
       | problem...
        
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       (page generated 2023-01-25 23:01 UTC)