[HN Gopher] Magnetic method to clean PFAS contaminated water
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Magnetic method to clean PFAS contaminated water
        
       Author : clouddrover
       Score  : 168 points
       Date   : 2023-01-23 09:52 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.uq.edu.au)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.uq.edu.au)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | TheSoftwareGuy wrote:
       | This sounds pretty great! It sounds like they created a chemical
       | solution, which coats the PFAS stuff and makes it magnetic, so
       | it's easy to remove with a magnet. The solution can be re-used up
       | to 10 times, according to the article.
       | 
       | I do wonder what happens to the solutions after that, I hope the
       | solution itself isn't very dangerous
        
       | chaxor wrote:
       | Neat. I did my Master's on a very similar idea. It was for
       | performing several multi-step reactions in one reactor using some
       | extra complexities, but the magnetic retrieval of the catalyst
       | was the same. One issue with this that I see is that the covalent
       | bonds created between the shell and core really need to be tested
       | well in lots of pH and temperature environments, because if those
       | NPs start degrading (which they always do at some level) then
       | you're adding in contamination as well as removing it. That was
       | always the scary part for me and why I've struggled to bring
       | ideas to market - products that require precision don't really
       | work in practice. The way things are used in the real world is
       | very sloppy and products need quite enormous safety factors
       | associated with them.
        
       | awestroke wrote:
       | I wonder how healthy this "magnetic fluorinated polymer sorbent"
       | is to drink
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | It will get filtered out of the water post contaminant
         | absorption, there should not be any after-effects.
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | > there should not be any after-effects.
           | 
           | This is either ignorant or ill-intended and neither of those
           | is ok.
           | 
           | There is plenty of epidemiological data showing the very
           | opposite:
           | 
           | > Merrimack residents experienced a significantly higher risk
           | of at least 4 types of cancer over 10 years between 2005 and
           | 2014. Merrimack is a community with documented PFAS
           | contamination of drinking water in public and private water
           | sources. Results indicate that further research is warranted
           | to elucidate if southern NH residents experience increased
           | risk for various types of cancer due to exposure to PFAS
           | contamination.
           | 
           | [0] doi: 10.1177/11786302221076707.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | It is undoubted that PFxx exposure has after-effects, but
             | the point of the comment I replied to was if the agent used
             | to filter out PFxx compounds out of the water has after-
             | effects.
             | 
             | And as that agent will be filtered out after absorbing the
             | PFxx compounds, there should not be any after-effects of
             | the water treatment.
        
               | DoingIsLearning wrote:
               | I completely misread, utter flame blindness.
               | 
               | There are so many online 3M/Dupont blame shifters that I
               | completely jumped the gun.
        
               | chaxor wrote:
               | There is a lot hidden in "will be filtered out" here
               | though.
               | 
               | Filtration isn't binary, so this may only be useful in a
               | few target areas where water sources are contaminated
               | enough that introducing a new contaminate (these NPs)
               | into the water will pull out more PFAS than are left
               | behind after magnetic separation.
               | 
               | The NPs (or more likely the PFAS that degrade off of the
               | Fe3O4) also may have a different health affect than PFAS
               | in the water stream (due to sulfonation etc).
               | 
               | So it's certainly not that simple, but a great technology
               | for companies trying to recover their chemical products
               | and reactants for reuse and for areas where contamination
               | is very bad.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | kossTKR wrote:
       | I live in a scandinavian country and PFOS was first found in
       | extremely alarming amounts at various locations where cows have
       | been raised, to such an extent that the local population is
       | effectively poisoned and need life long screening if they have
       | eaten any of the meat.
       | 
       | This has started year long tests and PFAS (+pfos, pfoa) has sadly
       | been found in large amounts in most sectors. Even in just the tap
       | water. The latest finding - today actually - is in organic eggs
       | because of fish bonemeal in their diets, but this is just because
       | these items were tested, apparently it's everywhere. Rain samples
       | collected recently showed amounts exceeding the EU safe
       | thresholds.
       | 
       | Point is, it's really, really bad and who knows what effects it
       | will have. Counter point is that we've been swimming in a sea of
       | inorganic chemicals for a long time and have just begun to test
       | for them lately.
       | 
       | Effects on fertility, cancer, alzheimers, and the ecosystem in
       | general is the joker.
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | I for one look forward to the check from DuPont that will
         | surely cover all this.
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | DuPont had US$1.79 billion cash on hand as of September 2022.
           | 
           | If ten million people have been negatively affected by PFOS
           | (surely an undercount) then that's a fat US$179 per person.
           | 
           | "Okay, so force them to pay a portion of future profits."
           | 
           | Ah, the Purdue Pharma solution. But is everything else that
           | DuPont making known to be harmless? If we discover a PFOS-2
           | in ten years, should they be required to keep making it in
           | order to pay off the victims of PFOS-1?
        
           | LeifCarrotson wrote:
           | Mine comes next month - about $4,000 out of the class action
           | - because through the 70s-90s, Wolverine dumped contaminated
           | leather scraps and chemical drums in a swamp uphill of the
           | well I've been drinking from for more than a decade. Now
           | every well in town has 50-200 mg/L of PFAs.
           | 
           | It's only $4,000 because the court saw clear evidence that
           | the value of my home was damaged, but couldn't assign damages
           | based on an increased risk of cancer; I would have had to
           | actually get cancer to sue successfully for damages there.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | I think that mcg/L, right? 200mg/L would be insane!
        
               | LeifCarrotson wrote:
               | You're correct, yes, micrograms or ug/L. Nanograms per
               | milliliter. Parts per trillion.
               | 
               | For context, the old USDA/EPA threshold for health
               | hazards was 70 ppt, new June 2022 directives say
               | "negative health effects may occur with concentrations of
               | PFOA or PFOS in water that are near zero and below EPA's
               | ability to detect at this time."
               | 
               | Too late to edit...
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | No problem. I just couldn't help but picture in my mind
               | someone drinking a _slurry_ of PFAS. I was like, that can
               | 't be right lol.
        
           | ramraj07 wrote:
           | You mean the company that caused the deaths of 4000 people in
           | Bhopal in night and didn't have a single consequence?
        
             | matthewmacleod wrote:
             | While Bhopal was a terrible tragedy and absolutely
             | criminal, it was Union Carbide who were responsible and not
             | DuPont.
        
               | ramraj07 wrote:
               | Point still stands, and importantly, Dow and DuPont
               | merged in 2015.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | They'll do what J&J pioneered and spin off a subsidiary that
           | owns only the liabilities.
           | 
           | https://www.npr.org/2022/04/02/1082871843/rich-companies-
           | are...
           | 
           | > Here's how the maneuver worked. First, last October, J&J
           | spun off a subsidiary in Texas called LTL.
           | 
           | > Then, using a wrinkle in Texas state law, J&J was able to
           | transfer all of the potential liability linked to the tsunami
           | of baby powder asbestos claims into the shell of the new
           | company, while keeping valuable assets separate.
           | 
           | > LTL then quickly filed for bankruptcy in North Carolina.
           | That move immediately halted the baby powder cases, which
           | could remain on hold for months or years.
        
             | ebiester wrote:
             | Isn't that the purpose of Chemours?
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Eventually, perhaps. Right now it's got assets and
               | revenue.
        
             | sirsinsalot wrote:
             | You'd hope a judge would go "nice try" and apply the intent
             | of law to them anyway.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | It's a loophole in the law, it seems. I mean if law was
               | simple and I was in charge, I'd just be like "yeah this
               | was done by J&J at the time, nice try" and sue them
               | anyway. But apparently it's not that easy.
        
           | sirsinsalot wrote:
           | It is absolutely disgusting that DuPont knew that these
           | chemicals are harmful and accumulative in the body.
           | 
           | The spin they put on this is that "it is possible for these
           | chemicals to be used safely", but the parameters for safe use
           | are not realistic in the real world.
           | 
           | The fine print on your frying pan or waterproofing contains
           | legal get outs that are unrealistic.
           | 
           | Nevermind the fact most paper straws, fast food wrappers
           | (McDonalds) and others are lined with these chemicals.
           | 
           | They knew. They knew they don't break down, bio-accumulate
           | and cause health issues, but still tell the world they can be
           | safely used.
           | 
           | Jail them all.
        
             | flavius29663 wrote:
             | > Nevermind the fact most paper straws, fast food wrappers
             | (McDonalds) and others are lined with these chemicals.
             | 
             | I knew something was off about those paper straws...but
             | they put PFAS in them?? It's like we're saying: copper is
             | too damaging when mined, let's replace our water pipes with
             | lead.
        
               | chrisdhal wrote:
               | Agreed, ban those paper straws, they are terrible. I just
               | want my good old plastic straws back.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Might I suggest drinking with your mouth? :)
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >but they put PFAS in them
               | 
               | Not sure about paper straws specifically, it's put in
               | paper based fast food containers as a
               | waterproofing/greaseproofing agent.
        
               | sirsinsalot wrote:
               | This was done when public perception turned against
               | polystyrene containers.
               | 
               | Then McDonalds and many others, via packaging companies,
               | greenwashed to paper looking containers lined with PFAS
               | type materials.
               | 
               | The paper degrades and leaves the sealant in the
               | environment.
               | 
               | Sickening really, given they know this happens. But if
               | you can't see it happen, hey, better than polystyrene
               | because it is easier to get away with.
               | 
               | At least my burger box seems greener.
        
               | seiferteric wrote:
               | I don't understand why they don't have wax coated paper
               | straws?
        
               | sirsinsalot wrote:
               | The insides are PFAS lined so the straw doesn't go soggy
               | and become unusable.
               | 
               | Plastic doesn't seem so bad now eh?
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >The fine print on your frying pan or waterproofing
             | contains legal get outs that are unrealistic.
             | 
             | What world are you living in that has "fine print" on pans?
             | The pans I bought recently certainly doesn't have them,
             | probably because the PFAS/PFOS risk is only there during
             | manufacture, not usage.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > probably because the PFAS/PFOS risk is only there
               | during manufacture, not usage
               | 
               | That's not true.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_fume_fever
        
               | ericpauley wrote:
               | Perhaps the only fine print I've seen on PTFE-coated pans
               | is that they should not be heated above 500F/250C. My
               | understanding is that, under these temperatures,
               | decomposition of the PTFE is not possible.
        
               | sirsinsalot wrote:
               | Yeah but it has been shown in normal cooking these temps
               | are often exceeded.
               | 
               | Hence the material being dangerous under normal
               | conditions.
               | 
               | Do you cook steak with a thermometer on the pan?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | My wording was a bit imprecise, but it should be obvious
               | the thread that we're talking about "PFAS/PFOS ending up
               | in body" risk.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | And that's also not true. Cooking with Teflon or other
               | types of non-stick cookware based on these types of
               | chemicals will result in those chemicals contaminating
               | your food. In particular, pre-heating non stick pans is
               | particularly bad, as is the use of the wrong utensils
               | which will cause physically perceptible particles of the
               | material to end up in your food.
               | 
               | Any non stick pan comes with a warning you can't use it
               | in the same house/building as pet birds. Just like
               | canaries in a coal mine, birds are highly susceptible to
               | things which are also dangerous to humans. Just because
               | it doesn't kill you dead within minutes of turning on the
               | burner does not make it safe.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >And that's also not true. Cooking with Teflon or other
               | types of non-stick cookware based on these types of
               | chemicals will result in those chemicals contaminating
               | your food. In particular, pre-heating non stick pans is
               | particularly bad, as is the use of the wrong utensils
               | which will cause physically perceptible particles of the
               | material to end up in your food.
               | 
               | source? The guidance from the FDA contradicts your claim
               | 
               | >Some PFAS are approved for use in the manufacture of
               | non-stick cookware coatings. These coatings are made of
               | molecules that are polymerized (i.e., joined together to
               | form large molecules) and applied to the cookware through
               | a heating process that tightly binds the polymer coating
               | to the cookware. Studies show that this coating contains
               | a negligible amount of PFAS capable of migrating to food.
               | Similarly, the PFAS used in manufacturing of gaskets that
               | come into contact with food do not pose a safety risk
               | because they are also made of molecules that are
               | polymerized.
               | 
               | https://www.fda.gov/food/process-contaminants-
               | food/questions...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | cwkoss wrote:
               | have you ever seen a non stick pan that someone used
               | metal utensils on? flaked off areas of the non stick
               | coating are apparent.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | sirsinsalot wrote:
               | These studies are based on manufacturer guidelines for
               | product use (heat range, material handling), most of
               | which are shown so narrow in scope that in your average
               | kitchen the test environment doesn't exist.
               | 
               | Like giving people a drink that can only be stored below
               | 5C or it may become dangerous. Is your fridge exactly
               | always below 5C? Mine isn't.
        
               | sirsinsalot wrote:
               | You're not paying enough attention. The last pan I bought
               | that had PFAS-based non-stick coating stated:
               | 
               | (a) do not heat above 220C (b) do not use metal utensils
               | 
               | This isn't because they think these things won't happen
               | (they know they will, and you do too). And it isn't
               | because they want to ensure the longevity of your pan
               | (the opposite is true). It's because they can say that
               | the pan was used incorrectly, as highlighted by FDA
               | testing parameters, and therefore liability for any
               | ingesting of hazardous material is the user's problem.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | If you scratch the pan, you are generating micro
               | particles of PFAS that eventually turn into the stuff
               | some people are worried about.
               | 
               | Now, on the scale of things, probably the obesity
               | epidemic due to sedentary life styles, sugar, etc. is
               | 10-100x more of a societal health issue, but it's harder
               | to blame someone else for that.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > Counter point is that we've been swimming in a sea of
         | inorganic chemicals for a long time and have just begun to test
         | for them lately.
         | 
         | Per/polyflouride compounds are not naturally occurring, this is
         | all stuff that humans brought onto the planet in the last few
         | decades - neither nature nor humans have had the time to evolve
         | adaptations for exposure to them.
         | 
         | We as a species are in for a real wild ride the next centuries.
        
       | apack wrote:
       | For those looking for a water filter that easily installs into
       | your sink: https://www.hydroviv.com/collections/hydroviv-water-
       | filters
        
         | 6DM wrote:
         | Wow prices have really increased, I thought your recommendation
         | was priced high but it turns out the original one I got in Feb
         | 2021 only cost $79.99 now costs $449.99, that's insane:
         | https://www.aquasana.com/under-sink-water-filters/claryum-3-...
         | 
         | One thing to note, you really need to change your filters
         | regularly, otherwise they will potentially introduce more
         | bacteria than you would normally get from treated water. I know
         | this video is a Singapore based media, but I think the
         | information is relevant anywhere you live:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LObbHbx_2fY
        
           | throwaway290 wrote:
           | The worse PFAS are found for your health, the more expensive
           | these filters are going to be...
        
       | alwayslikethis wrote:
       | TLDR: We'll clean up PFAS with.. more PFAS! Now, I understand why
       | this works, but the filters themselves better be made without the
       | hamrful fluorosurfactants, and they have to be disposed properly
       | to avoid releasing toxic gases and/or more PFASes
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | You are never going to clean all the rainwater on earth and
       | almost all freshwater fishing is no longer safe
       | 
       | https://www.su.se/english/news/it-s-raining-pfas-even-in-ant...
       | 
       | https://www.businessinsider.com/rainwater-no-longer-safe-to-...
       | 
       | https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/pfas_in_US_fish/map/
        
       | UI_at_80x24 wrote:
       | I will be installing a Reverse-Osmosis water filter soon.
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | What's your solution to the low pH and total lack of minerals?
         | I've tried mineral drops (out of Utah) but their composition is
         | not comparable to ,,normal" water and they seem to give me
         | headaches sometimes.
        
         | DoingIsLearning wrote:
         | I was thinking the same thing but all those machine always use
         | some form of flexible hose which from what I have seen are also
         | chock full of plasticizers as well. Feels like a choose your
         | poison sort of situation.
         | 
         | It would be great to have a reverse osmosis machine where only
         | the membrane itself was plastic and everything else was glass
         | or steel. But I am not sure anything like that actually exists?
        
           | xen2xen1 wrote:
           | I'd think the single hose /apparatus would have much less
           | exposure than most water supplies, especially over time.
           | Maybe run the water for a bit before using?
        
           | ohthanks wrote:
           | I sell residential RO systems. Industry wide the tubing is
           | typically LDPE and the housings/fittings are mostly
           | polypropylene. There is no real practical way to build a
           | residential RO system without using these materials.
           | 
           | It's a trade off between different types of plastic /
           | chemical exposure. Not really ideal but I suspect nearly all
           | sources of treated water will have traveled through a similar
           | amount of plastic to get to you.
           | 
           | Copper is avoided on RO systems because the post membrane
           | water typically drops 1-3 points in PH and will slowly
           | corrode and leech copper into the treated water. All post
           | membrane fittings and tubing should be plastic/stainless,
           | cheap brass fittings with high lead content are the biggest
           | concern. This can be resolved with post membrane PH amendment
           | but you then create a failure point that can cause heavy
           | metal exposure or leaks if it isn't maintained.
           | 
           | You could build a system with steel housings and braided
           | stainless hose but the size/weight and cost are not
           | practical.
        
           | UniverseHacker wrote:
           | I'm not worried about that. I have a counter top RO machine
           | made out of plastic but the water comes out at nearly 0ppm
           | TDS, and it flows through the machine slowly, at low temp,
           | and for a short time. Whatever is in there is orders of
           | magnitude less than you would find anywhere else, it's
           | basically laboratory grade pure water.
        
             | chaxor wrote:
             | > laboratory grade pure water
             | 
             | "but that'll kill 'ya!"
        
             | thearrow wrote:
             | Which machine do you have? I've been looking for a decent
             | countertop RO system without much success.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | AquaTru. I'm pretty happy with it, purchased it used on
               | eBay and put new filters into it.
        
               | aliqot wrote:
               | RO Buddy is a good starter if you just want to try for
               | 60ish dollars.
        
           | UI_at_80x24 wrote:
           | Ouch, that's a good point.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | I mean you could probably get copper piping to work on it
           | with some plumbing skills and tools; copper is, as far as I'm
           | aware, fairly inert in the human body. at the moment anyway.
        
         | D13Fd wrote:
         | This is worth doing regardless of the contamination issue IMO.
         | If you drink a lot of water, it's so nice to have a little
         | spout that gives water that tastes like perfect bottled water
         | any time you want it.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jangofett27 wrote:
       | We need more jurisdictions monitoring and publishing local PFAS
       | levels, or people are never going to realize just how much of a
       | problem this is in their areas. Most reports so far have just
       | been case studies, and few states have picked up the torch and
       | actually started regularly monitoring.
        
       | JCM9 wrote:
       | Seeing people ask why PFAS hasn't just been immediately banned.
       | Like a lot of things, "it's complicated."
       | 
       | 1. These compounds are extremely good at what they do. From
       | lubrication to fire retardants there's a reason these compounds
       | are everywhere.
       | 
       | 2. The press and many activists tend to treat things in a binary
       | manner but science doesn't really work like that. It's clear that
       | very high levels of these compounds are bad. It's less clear that
       | lower levels are bad. Lots of things (like vitamins) are toxic at
       | high levels and actually good at low levels. Not saying PFAS is
       | good, but it's not as simple as just saying any is terrible
       | either.
       | 
       | 3. The ability to detect these compounds has gotten much better
       | over the years. We're now talking parts per trillion
       | measurements. At those levels you can find just about anything. A
       | lot of the current panic is a combo of this ability to measure
       | things combined with "2" above around any detection being slated
       | as terrible.
       | 
       | 4. Both the reporting and public's reactions tend to be
       | illogical. PFAS found at a nearby factory? Shut it down. Sue
       | everyone. However a growing body of evidence is finding PFAS in
       | things like synthetic turf playing fields and yet with rare
       | exception most school districts seem perfectly happy having these
       | instead of plain old grass. As such the amount of "outrage" is
       | often rooted in the convenience of it supporting existing
       | activist movements (close the factory!) than it is based in any
       | science or defensible reality.
       | 
       | Not for a moment trying to suggest we shouldn't pay attention to
       | this, and we probably should look for alternative compounds. But
       | the near hysteria from some corners creates more of a distraction
       | than actually helping anything.
        
         | alexpotato wrote:
         | > These compounds are extremely good at what they do. From
         | lubrication to fire retardants there's a reason these compounds
         | are everywhere.
         | 
         | You could make the same argument about asbestos (and people
         | probably did at the time).
         | 
         | You could also argue that it took class action lawsuits to
         | finally push the cost of using it from "wonder product" to
         | "only when really needed" to "not worth it" to "it's now
         | illegal". (Granted the last step is not 100% tied to the
         | financial cost).
        
           | s0rce wrote:
           | And DDT, CFCs and tetra-ethyl lead...
        
         | unethical_ban wrote:
         | Until recently (according to reporting) these compounds could
         | not be filtered and are not ever expected to break down
         | naturally in nature or the body. You can't get overexposed and
         | be fine over time. It seems you're presuming all the exposure
         | people are getting is "probably fine" ala astbestos in the
         | walls.
         | 
         | Then, there is the behavior of the factories producing it,
         | which you brush off. Drinking supplies in certain areas are
         | permanently destroyed, and producers aren't in jail.
         | 
         | Yes, strict liability should apply when indestructible chemical
         | compounds ruin regional drinking supplies and give people
         | cancer.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | Absolutely, you dont get to release unknown irremovable shit
           | into encironment for 10 years while someone else spends money
           | on reasearch to proove you are poiaoning them
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | _Any_ widespread message _must be simple_. Even a moderate,
         | sane movement will have hysteria on the fringes, just owing to
         | it being large enough to have a fringe.
        
           | specialist wrote:
           | Yes and:
           | 
           | Message simplicity, discipline, and _repetition_ , to maybe
           | somewhat mitigate the inevitable and very effective
           | nutpicking by corporate media (and other shills) for the
           | purpose of discrediting any reform, accountability, etc.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           |  _" The practice of sifting through the comments of blogs,
           | email threads, discussion groups and other user generated
           | content in an attempt find choice quotes proving that the
           | advocates for or against a particular political opinion are
           | unreasonable, uninformed extremists."_
           | 
           | https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=nutpicking
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | Every person that has ever fought for improvement p of any
             | kind, against power, was accused of extremist or worse,
             | terrorism.
             | 
             | If you weren't, you never made enoufg waves to be noticed.
        
           | kshahkshah wrote:
           | Is that empirically the case? Maybe in the marketing world
           | but policy tends to get debated with more vigor. From my view
           | 'defund the police' seems to have severely backfired.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | You basically want reality to be simple? Well, it isn't.
           | 
           | How about denying megaphones to the hysterical fringes?
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | "Don't let children work in sweatshops" and "let women
             | vote" were once the "hysterical fringes" of public policy.
             | There's often a benefit to exploring the edges of the
             | Overton window.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | If they were fringe, those changes would never have
               | happened. It's not like people ever had as much leverage
               | for hysteria as they have now.
               | 
               | You are not exploring the edges of the Overton window
               | when you drown balanced speech. That just creates
               | multimodal extremism.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > If they were fringe, those changes would never have
               | happened.
               | 
               | They were initially fringe. Activism by that initial
               | fringe is what made it mainstream.
        
               | ldh0011 wrote:
               | The implication of your first claim seems to be that
               | fringe opinions would never become mainstream in society.
               | I think essentially all of human history contradicts that
               | pretty well...
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | Obviously children should not work in sweatshops and
               | rather go to school instead, but do good numbers exist,
               | that the "hysterical" campaigns increased those numbers
               | and not just put the kids on the street to do scavenging
               | on toxic dumbsters?
               | 
               | Well intended is not always well done and hystery is
               | seldom helping. I remember from my youth(in germany),
               | that work for kids was also forbidden. With some
               | exceptions like delivering advertisement to every door.
               | The result was, that this was a very shitty job, very
               | badly paid (you were replaceble) and the ones illegally
               | working for the bike shed for example, made way more
               | money.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | > do good numbers exist, that the "hysterical" campaigns
               | increased those numbers and not just put the kids on the
               | street to do scavenging on toxic dumbsters?
               | 
               | So let me get this straight your hypothesis is that
               | campaign to get kids out of sweatshops were harmfull, and
               | the reason we stopped putting them insweatshops is not
               | public pressure but spontanous mass enlightenment?
               | 
               | Maybe it is your perception of these campaignes as
               | hysterical thats wrong.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "So let me get this straight your hypothesis is that
               | campaign to get kids out of sweatshops were harmful"
               | 
               | My hypothesis is, that just banning kids working in
               | sweatshop is not enough to improve living conditions for
               | those kids, but can in fact worsen them. So I repeat my
               | question, do you have good numbers, that the living
               | conditions actually improved?
               | 
               | Hysteric campaigns from the west often stop exactly there
               | - so the companies can place a label on their product
               | that says free of child labour, but it does not say at
               | all, where those kids are now, but the consumers now feel
               | better.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Do you have good numbers that being polite, reasonable
               | and timid activism will get large corporations to give up
               | billions in profits to please you?
               | 
               | We've had 26 climate change conferences, the issue was
               | known for 40 years, nobody gave a flying fuck. Some kids
               | blocked traffic in London for 1 day, and suddenly people
               | paid attention.
               | 
               | How are you going to solve Nestle level of indignity and
               | inhumanity?
               | 
               | "Nestle admits slavery in Thailand while fighting child
               | labour lawsuit in Ivory Coast"
               | 
               | If people were more hysterical, and the HQ of offending
               | corporation burned down occasionally, then Nestle would
               | sort itself out prompto
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "Some kids blocked traffic in London for 1 day, and
               | suddenly people paid attention."
               | 
               | Yeah, I know. We have the same in germany. The common
               | people now do pay attention to the road blockers and want
               | them all jailed as terrorists. I just do not see, how
               | this will help the cause.
               | 
               | "If people were more hysterical, and the HQ of offending
               | corporation burned down occasionally, then Nestle would
               | sort itself out prompto"
               | 
               | Yes, they would simply tighten up security.
               | 
               | Rage is just rage, it does not solve anything, unless it
               | is channeled constructivly. Lynch mobs just create a
               | state of fear and people driven by fear seldom act smart.
               | We _do_ need the rage to act, but just acting does not
               | improve anything. It is the right act, that can improve.
               | 
               | There was this big rage about poverty and exploitation
               | that lead to socialism. But do you really think, that the
               | socialist states improved anything? I was born into such
               | a state. I do not think so. They were worse for the
               | workers and worse for the environment.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | > But do you really think, that the socialist states
               | improved anything?
               | 
               | Socialism is a big tent term.
               | 
               | One one end you have "social democracy" where a market
               | economy exists with some state ownership and taxation is
               | used to ensure a good standard of living for all. This is
               | also referred to a social capitalism or a social market
               | economy. This is the kind of socialism you find in the
               | Nordics and to a lesser extent Canada. Your Bernie
               | Sanders socialism if you will.
               | 
               | On the other end you have "authoritarian state socialism"
               | - the kind of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism you may be thinking
               | of.
               | 
               | Then there's communism in which, in it's final form,
               | there is no state at all.
               | 
               | These are all socialism but each has had very different
               | outcomes.
               | 
               | So to answer your question with a question, to which kind
               | of socialism are you referring? I'd say the former has
               | worked out very well. The middle, not so much. The latter
               | may not even be possible?
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | > But do you really think, that the socialist states
               | improved anything?
               | 
               | For some it did. In many places socialism was replacing
               | some form of tyrany, foreign tyrany or feudalism, so it
               | was hard to make things worse.
               | 
               | Before the revolutions some of my ancesteors were
               | literally property. They were serfs, with all the fun
               | bits like regular whippings, and living in a wooden hut.
               | They went to nirmal-ish 2nd world life.
               | 
               | The other side of my family had someone who was
               | repressed, i.e. dissapeared.
               | 
               | Today suffragettes are universally praised and noone
               | remmbers that they invented the letter bomb.
               | 
               | I don't advocate violence, but if you want a social
               | movement to suceed, it has to have some teeth and power,
               | either through court, money or civil disobedience.
        
               | dsfyu404ed wrote:
               | Eugenics was controversial too. What's your point?
               | 
               | No naive rules of thumb like "well if the public health
               | experts like it then it must be good" or "bigger overton
               | window = better" will ever come close to being a viable
               | replacement for critical thinking on any specific policy
               | matter. If the extreme fringes can't convert people to
               | their cause then is their cause really that worthy?
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > Eugenics was controversial too. What's your point?
               | 
               | Eugenics is fringe _now_. It wasn 't in the early 1900s.
               | The point is that "no megaphones for the fringe" can also
               | be a bad thing.
        
               | dsfyu404ed wrote:
               | Eugenics absolutely was fringe in the early 1900s. To
               | claim otherwise is revisionist. The fact that they got as
               | far as they did, even passing laws in some states, is
               | testament to what happens when people outsource their
               | thinking to the experts and the experts engaged in
               | extreme policy not supported by the people. Make no
               | mistake, the policy would have worked but the end did not
               | justify the means outside of the circle jerk in which the
               | "experts" and were living.
               | 
               | The fact that the fringe was unable to convert the
               | broader public is why the overwhelming majority of
               | eugenics policy was unilaterally adopted by institutions
               | (government or otherwise) vs being legislated by
               | politicians and that's because people didn't really want
               | it en-masse.
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | This is more or less where we are now with mainstream
               | macroeconomics - a previously fringe theory becomes
               | dominant and too many people stop thinking in deference
               | to the experts.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | Do you have any references that support this lack of
               | support? Everything I have ever read points to a general
               | acceptance as being a modern and scientific theory if not
               | a direct moral imperative at that time. It wasn't until
               | the results of WWII were unpacked and civil rights
               | debated was it really revisited on a humanist basis. I
               | would be genuinely glad to read material that refutes
               | this.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | "the policy would have worked" - in what sense? Are you
               | genuinely arguing that eugenicists would have objectively
               | and accurately determined which genes led to
               | strongest/most intelligent/most productive humans and
               | only allowed people with those genes to reproduce, and
               | successfully ensured "defective" genes were eliminated
               | from the homo sapiens gene pool? Even if somehow they had
               | achieved that, the thought of living in a society where a
               | human life is only considered valuable if it fits some
               | predefined criteria is frankly far too high a cost to
               | pay. (Interestingly I was watching Man in the High Castle
               | last night, the episode that "celebrates" the choice of
               | one of the characters to have himself be euthanised
               | because of an incurable medical condition. It was an odd
               | experience because superficially it came across as a very
               | powerful and moving scene, despite the horrid underlying
               | creepiness of it. But it didn't seem hard to believe that
               | people could genuinely be swayed into thinking that it
               | was a "noble" thing to have your life terminated just
               | because of a particular genetic condition. I suppose at
               | least it's a more justifiable stance than believing that
               | anyone not of a particular race was undeserving of a
               | fulfilling life, though clearly many eugenicists believed
               | exactly that too).
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Can you perhaps elaborate on your definition of "fringe"?
               | 
               | "Official policy of 30+ states and upheld by SCOTUS"
               | doesn't fit mine.
        
               | dsfyu404ed wrote:
               | Eugenics came and went over the careers timeline of the
               | people who peddled it (as most of these policy fads do).
               | At best it was tolerated by the uninvolved masses. Things
               | like women voting, gay rights, etc. managed to persist
               | after the people who staked their careers on it and would
               | be compelled to peddle it croaked. Eugenics failed to
               | convert the masses (good).
               | 
               | That official policy of what you speak is just that,
               | unilateral policy by various government institutions
               | (usually prison systems and public health institutions).
               | Most states didn't manage to get it through the
               | legislature in any meaningful capacity because it was not
               | something the masses cared for and therefore not
               | something that a politician could earn votes peddling. It
               | was as endorsed by the masses as some DOT policy about
               | pothole patching would be.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | You don't think the outcome of WWII might have changed
               | minds and hearts instead? Most literature I've read was
               | eugenics became deeply unpopular following a realization
               | of what the Nazis had done.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Pothole fixing is very mainstream, I'd say.
               | 
               | Eugenics got a bad reputation because of a certain
               | moustachioed leader in Germany.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | It's not fringe now.
               | 
               | E.g. there are essentially no children with downs born in
               | Denmark due to sex selective abortions.
        
             | Jimmc414 wrote:
             | Maybe it would be wise to try to understand why they are
             | hysterical before you take away their voice.
        
             | _Algernon_ wrote:
             | >How about denying megaphones to the hysterical fringes?
             | 
             | Most megaphones today are in the hands of private
             | corporations who profit off of "engagement", that is,
             | giving megaphones to the fringes. How do you suppose we do
             | that?
             | 
             | Not to mention that the line between not providing a
             | megaphone and suppressing free speech is a thin one.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | > How about denying megaphones to the hysterical fringes?
             | 
             | Do you think it is an accident that, when there is a
             | popular movement, whether it is punk rock or protests
             | against vietanm war, the media will invite the most crazy
             | person possible and portray them as maniacs?
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | I guess you have just understood what I am talking about.
               | 
               | If the media is intend on lying and mass manipulation,
               | that media exactly should not have the support of well
               | meaning people.
        
           | dsfyu404ed wrote:
           | So then why is HN, a community full of people who are much
           | more educated than average and much more frequently employed
           | in fields where logic and reason are key, so constantly
           | receptive to the "hysteria on the fringes" take on such
           | issues?
           | 
           | Reddit, 4cham, other cesspools like that I get, but why HN?
           | This community fancies itself as having a little more
           | rationality and self awareness than that. So either there's
           | an explanation for why those takes gain as much traction here
           | or...
           | 
           | (this is a serious question)
        
             | saiya-jin wrote:
             | Smarter people on average != less emotional ones. What
             | parent is complaining are emotional reactions. Here we have
             | a proof that even HN readers do have emotions and sometimes
             | they get the best and worst out of us, just like everybody
             | else.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Well it's not like HN is a council of Vulcans debating
             | logic all day, we're all as human as the next guy.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Speak for yourself
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Well it's not like I'm a council of Vulcans debating
               | logic all day.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | > fields where logic and reason are key, so constantly
             | receptive to the "hysteria on the fringes" take on such
             | issues?
             | 
             | Many on HK has emotional intelligence id an edgy highschool
             | student, plus often they live in a buble. This leads to
             | poor grasp of social issues.
             | 
             | 'Average' places like reddit are actually better in this
             | regard.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >'Average' places like reddit are actually better in this
               | regard.
               | 
               | That might be true in that niche subreddit you subscribe
               | to, but it's clearly not true for /r/all.
        
             | Brybry wrote:
             | Is more education and being employed in a field of logic
             | and reason likely to make one less receptive to fringe
             | beliefs?
             | 
             | For example, engineers are probably overrepresented amongst
             | Islamic extremists[1] and, from what few studies there are,
             | may be skewed conservative and religious compared to other
             | higher education fields.
             | 
             | [1] https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/29836/1/Why_are_there_so_many
             | _Engi...
        
         | yunohn wrote:
         | Just like plastic... Everyone wants to ban it, but it's
         | ubiquitous for a reason.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | Because humans tend to think in the short term and for-profit
           | entities are happy to oblige.
           | 
           | It could be argued there are many things which we are morally
           | obliged to stop using plastic for, as it only serves as a
           | convenience. Disposable food trays and "silverware", straws,
           | individually wrapped things, and so on. Society could adjust
           | to bringing their own water bottles to be filled at
           | restaurants/gas stations/work, but between laziness on the
           | consumer and the profit motive of selling cheap plastic
           | bottles for $3 by companies, we don't.
           | 
           | Then there are plenty of things for which plastic is useful,
           | durable; and instances where even single-use plastic can be
           | justified. But on the whole, society is trading the
           | environment tomorrow for convenience and money today.
        
           | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
           | yes: it's cheap...
        
         | diob wrote:
         | I think I'd be more comfortable with it if the folks using PFAS
         | had to pay into a fund to handle cleanup / treatment of folks
         | affected.
         | 
         | Right now they get all the upside with none of the downside.
        
         | for1nner wrote:
         | > But the near hysteria from some corners creates more of a
         | distraction than actually helping anything.
         | 
         | US media and politics in a nutshell.
        
         | cptskippy wrote:
         | > 1. These compounds are extremely good at what they do. From
         | lubrication to fire retardants there's a reason these compounds
         | are everywhere.
         | 
         | > 3. The ability to detect these compounds has gotten much
         | better over the years. We're now talking parts per trillion
         | measurements. At those levels you can find just about anything.
         | A lot of the current panic is a combo of this ability to
         | measure things combined with "2" above around any detection
         | being slated as terrible.
         | 
         | People don't understand how pervasive these chemicals are. When
         | field testing for levels of PFAS, those doing the testing are
         | given a list of things they need to avoid and not carry into
         | the field because they will contaminate the results. This
         | includes certain makeup, stain or water resistant clothing,
         | certain types of paper, and lots of other things people would
         | never consider.
        
         | blablabla123 wrote:
         | The comparison with Vitamins seems absurd. But really, what are
         | "very high levels" then in ppm and exposure time?
         | 
         | Also the public's reaction _is_ logical since information has
         | been kept from the public for decades to hinder proper
         | regulation. I think the successful class action lawsuit speaks
         | for itself.
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | PFAS were the highest level national security secrets during
           | WW2 due to their amazing properties (which haven't been
           | improved upon due to the periodic table/fundamental
           | properties of fluorine), so it's not a surprise the
           | information was kept from the public for many decades.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Can't make computer chips without PFAS, and many normal things
         | would wear down so much faster we would spend a lot more
         | energy/CO2 emissions replacing things faster.
         | 
         | PFAS have orders of magnitude differences in half lives,
         | understanding which are bad and how to destroy them when needed
         | is all that is required.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | The calls the shut down the factories are rational. They might
         | not be reasonable, but that is debatable.
         | 
         | Typically, if you find someone is lying or manipulating
         | repeatedly, you jump to stricter outcomes. If you ban a
         | specific substance in cookware and they just create a slightly
         | different, untested, one... If they promise that waste won't
         | escape the facility because there are safe ways to handle it,
         | yet it continues to happen...
         | 
         | It's like having a child that continually pushes the limits of
         | the rules and repeatedly causes trouble. At some point you must
         | realize they are lying and will hurt themselves or others. You
         | can't play with that ball responsibly? Guess what, it's gone.
        
           | _adamb wrote:
           | Can you explain more? It seems like you're arguing with
           | yourself.
           | 
           | You say if we ban one substance, they'll just come out with a
           | less tested, less understood, and likely worse new one. I
           | probably agree with this!
           | 
           | Then you say we have to just take it away, like a kid who is
           | being irresponsible with a ball. I understand this means you
           | think we should ban the materials.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           | If we ban these substances, won't research just pour all the
           | more heavily into the new ones, causing the 1st scenario you
           | mentioned? Are you suggesting we ban research into _any_ new
           | materials whatsoever?
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "Are you suggesting we ban research into _any_ new
             | materials whatsoever?"
             | 
             | Quite the opposite. I'm saying the items should be
             | tested/researched. Hence my use of _untested_ , as you also
             | point out.
             | 
             | Essentially, stop trusting the company because they are
             | acting like a child. You ban that class of chemicals until
             | they can prove they are responsible and the chemical can
             | realilistically be handled safely (unlikely for consumer
             | products since the waste at product life end would be
             | unmanageable). You can do this through a strict
             | certification and surveillance program as well as limiting
             | the use of the product to industrial applications where no
             | alternatives exist.
             | 
             | But the only real point I was trying to make is that people
             | are more likely to support bans on a rational basis that
             | the companies have fucked up before and lied/manipulated
             | and are likely to cause more harm like that in the future.
             | The stuff we are discussing at this point is a little
             | outside of that as we are getting into what people would
             | debate considering what is reasonable.
        
               | cwkoss wrote:
               | Yeah, the current system requires demonstrable harm.
               | 
               | We should have a system that requires demonstrable
               | safety.
        
               | MonkeyMalarky wrote:
               | It's like no one remembers the "BPA-Free" crap where
               | manufacturers replaced it with other, untested, possibly-
               | just-as-bad analogues. Those manufacturers have already
               | acted in bad faith, why would anyone trust them to do
               | better next time? They weren't punished and they have all
               | the wrong incentives.
        
             | tangjurine wrote:
             | He's simply suggesting new materials be banned by default,
             | and research and studies that prove it is safe are needed
             | to allow a material to be mass produced.
             | 
             | It's always funny when people pretend such policies would
             | be the end of the world, when Europe has been doing this
             | for years.
        
           | dsfyu404ed wrote:
           | When are we gonna have stricter outcomes for the people who
           | use such tactics to peddle things like bag bans, onerous
           | management of residential water consumption, vehicle
           | inspection requirements and other things that waste resources
           | and political capital treating something that is at best a
           | tiny fraction of whatever the problem supposedly is? These
           | people at best do nothing and at worse sully the good name of
           | people who want to enact smarter but less emotionally
           | appealing policy to treat those problems. They've been caught
           | repeatedly using the same sleazy tactics you say are worthy
           | of stricter treatment.
        
             | freejazz wrote:
             | Why act as if emotions aren't a component of people? People
             | are emotional. It's real. It hasn't stopped us from getting
             | this far.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | _> 3. The ability to detect these compounds has gotten much
         | better over the years. We're now talking parts per trillion
         | measurements. At those levels you can find just about anything.
         | A lot of the current panic is a combo of this ability to
         | measure things combined with "2" above around any detection
         | being slated as terrible._
         | 
         | Unfortunately, unlike many other common toxins, PFAS _is
         | actually toxic_ at parts per trillion levels. It's not just a
         | matter of "we detected trace amounts."
         | 
         |  _> 4. Both the reporting and public's reactions tend to be
         | illogical. PFAS found at a nearby factory? Shut it down. Sue
         | everyone. However a growing body of evidence is finding PFAS in
         | things like synthetic turf playing fields and yet with rare
         | exception most school districts seem perfectly happy having
         | these instead of plain old grass_
         | 
         | Shutting down a factory is logical. Using a PFAS turf field is
         | illogical. Is that what you meant? Or did you really mean to
         | imply that we shouldn't shut down the factory until we remove
         | the turf field as well?
        
         | __alexs wrote:
         | You could say the same things about lead I think? But then
         | maybe we are more scared of lead than we should be, there's
         | just more alternatives to it now?
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | And asbestos too. Fantastically good isolator, strong, cheap,
           | and only dangerous when broken.
        
             | Grazester wrote:
             | I can here to say asbestos was great at its job too!
        
             | JCM9 wrote:
             | Yes. People are often shocked when asbestos is found and
             | the recommended response is to do nothing. Messing with it
             | is likely to cause more issues than just letting it be. If
             | it's intact and unlikely to be disturbed it's not going to
             | hurt anyone. The public has been trained to think this
             | stuff is so bad that any mention of it has people doing
             | full blown evacuations running for the hills.
             | 
             | Nuclear power has, unfortunately, suffered a similar fate.
        
               | speed_spread wrote:
               | Nuclear power has the particular disadvantage of having
               | to be actively managed. You can't just "leave it alone".
        
               | rcme wrote:
               | Leaving asbestos "alone" or encapsulating it is the
               | common advice. It can also terrible advice, especially if
               | the material is non-friable. Take something like vinyl
               | asbestos tile as an example. When exposed, it's pretty
               | easy to get rid of. You can cut through the tile, into
               | the sub-floor, and take out huge chunks of tile at a
               | time. You do release some fibers via cutting, but overall
               | a very manageable amount. Now let's say you decide to
               | tile over instead, what happens? Well for starters,
               | you've now hidden the danger. You might know what's
               | underneath your new tiles, but what happens when you sell
               | the home? Also, it's no longer easy or simple to remove
               | the VAT now. For example, this guy dosed himself and his
               | whole family with a large asbestos dose unknowingly: http
               | s://www.reddit.com/r/HomeImprovement/comments/dyvj3u/so_.
               | ..
               | 
               | If you have a hazard in your home, just deal with it
               | appropriately. "Cover it up until it's someone else's
               | problem" is selfish and irresponsible.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | It's not difficult to safely remediate most of it. A P100
               | respirator, Tyvek suit, water to spray down the areas to
               | work on, and a garden hose to hose off yourself/suit. If
               | inside, it gets more tricky, but not too different from
               | mold remediation. The toughest or most expensive part is
               | usually finding a site that will take the waste bags.
               | 
               | Also, the guy in your link complains about a lack of
               | warning. If he read the warnings that cam with that
               | grinding wheel, he would have been fine. Even if it
               | doesn't say stuff about specifically about asbestos, the
               | warning about silicosis has practically the same
               | precautions.
        
               | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
               | That really depends on what kind of asbestos it is. In a
               | hard, easily removable plate, sure you can do it
               | yourself. Loosely-bound asbestos is a whole different
               | game.
        
           | zug_zug wrote:
           | Indeed the very first "science" on leaded gasoline was a
           | study conducted by the bureau of mines, which concluded that
           | leaded gasoline was entirely safe... Spoiler alert: It was
           | not entirely safe.
           | 
           | PFAs aren't even proven safe, they're just not-yet-proven-
           | dangerous-in-small amounts, but that's so hard to measure it
           | doesn't really assure us of anything.
        
             | hgomersall wrote:
             | The history of toxic stuff is rarely revised to show that
             | the stuff is less toxic.
        
               | tedunangst wrote:
               | Saccharin.
        
           | rcme wrote:
           | No, you can't say the same thing about lead. We understand
           | the mechanisms in which lead poisons the body. We know that
           | even low levels of lead exposure cause damage. And, we've
           | measured this damage by comparing large samples sizes based
           | on blood lead levels. Even a tiny amount of lead, like 3.5
           | mcg / dL measured in blood, is correlated with loss of IQ.
        
           | dahfizz wrote:
           | Not really, no. We have evidence that even very low levels of
           | lead is dangerous. The cost/benefit analysis is different. We
           | have no idea what the "safe" level of PFAS is. Maybe its
           | zero, like lead, but maybe not.
           | 
           | Every sip of water you drink has arsenic and cyanide in it.
           | These chemicals are harmful, but not at very low
           | concentrations.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | Very low levels of arsenic may be a necessary
             | micronutrient, according to animal studies.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Counter-example: ozone layer hole and CFC's (iirc), where the
         | clear message of "this stuff causes this" led to a global ban
         | and monitoring system on that generation of refrigerants.
        
           | dan-robertson wrote:
           | Why is that a counterexample? Isn't the comment above saying
           | that harm at low levels isn't really known?
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | It's a response to at least #1; CFCs were similarly widely
             | used and good at what they did. It just turned out that
             | "you're not allowed to use these any more" sparked some
             | significant innovation in alternatives.
        
               | ericpauley wrote:
               | Interestingly there are still some CFCs for which no
               | truly viable replacement exists. For instance aviation
               | fire extinguishers still use reclaimed Halon largely
               | produced before the ban.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Alternatives exist for aviation fire extinguishers;
               | https://www.sportys.com/blog/which-fire-extinguisher-
               | right-p.... Halotron needs a larger extinguisher (2x the
               | weight/size, but it's not gonna be the thing to break
               | your weight/balance budget) but is otherwise very
               | similar, with a 96% reduction in environmental impact.
        
               | ericpauley wrote:
               | Interesting, wasn't aware Halotron had gotten any
               | approvals. I imagine a lot of people will want to stick
               | with their existing Halon ones since they're already
               | there and, in the event of a fire, they'll want the most
               | effective/maneuverable product available.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | There is a big difference between using a substance to
               | save life and limb.
               | 
               | And putting it on every random consumer product whwre it
               | has no need to be
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | This is a valid point until you killed it with hyperbole.
               | I know this from experience. This forum is probably okay
               | for the hyperbole, but I always used the hyperbole even
               | on non-friendly forums which caused me to "cede the
               | higher ground".
               | 
               | If a product was being used where it "has no need to be",
               | that would mean the manufacturer is doing something that
               | is costing them money (the PFAS isn't free nor is the
               | application of it) which ultimately cuts into the bottom
               | lines. So if they are using it, maybe it is that
               | something is needed in that fashion and they already have
               | a large investment in it so use it vs let's just put this
               | stuff everywhere because it's freeeeee.
        
               | ldh0011 wrote:
               | I think the "no need" is referencing the lack of a
               | societal or consumer need, not the "need" of the company
               | to make more money.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | i read the "no need" like there's no functional need for
               | it to be there. benefit of doubt on my part that it is
               | needed even if the "no need" commenter doesn't understand
               | the need.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >It just turned out that "you're not allowed to use these
               | any more" sparked some significant innovation in
               | alternatives.
               | 
               | Source? My impression was that alternatives were already
               | being developed prior to widespread ban. A quick
               | wikipedia search confirms this. The montreal protocol was
               | signed in 1987 and came into effect in 1989, but by that
               | time alternatives already existed.
               | 
               | "DuPont began producing hydrofluorocarbons as
               | alternatives to Freon in the 1980s."
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon
        
               | gnatman wrote:
               | >Source? My impression was that alternatives were already
               | being developed prior to widespread ban. A quick
               | wikipedia search confirms this. The montreal protocol was
               | signed in 1987 and came into effect in 1989, but by that
               | time alternatives already existed.
               | 
               | The Montreal Protocol was signed in '87 but things had
               | been underway since the 70s, including a partial ban on
               | aerosols in in US in '78. DuPont saw the writing on the
               | wall.
               | 
               | "In 1976 the United States National Academy of Sciences
               | released a report concluding that the ozone depletion
               | hypothesis was strongly supported by the scientific
               | evidence. In response the United States, Canada and
               | Norway banned the use of CFCs in aerosol spray cans in
               | 1978."
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion#Rowland-
               | Molina...
        
       | sirsinsalot wrote:
       | I've no idea how humanity hasn't managed to coordinate a global
       | and immediate ban on these chemicals.
       | 
       | We really can't keep ourselves safe in the face of greed.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | In the scale of technology development for humanity, PFAS is
         | about the same age as nuclear power. Both are infants.
        
         | chaxor wrote:
         | I agree to extent; but one issue is that there should be a
         | small amount available for research purposes and places where
         | it is required.
         | 
         | For example, containment of certain chemicals is pretty much
         | impossible without Teflon.
         | 
         | Chlorosulfonic acid is one of them.
         | 
         | Also, if you're working with this chemical, it may be useful to
         | make mixtures of PFOS, PFBS, etc in order to process other
         | products and not have highly reactive situations (effectively
         | 'explosions'). Obviously these should get out of the facility
         | they are contained in to pollute waste water or anything else,
         | and should be used in a way that they are recovered and
         | recycled for use over and over - _much like what the authors
         | are suggesting to do here_.
         | 
         | Of course it obviously doesn't work _perfectly_ that way, and
         | things like this also introduce pollution as well while
         | cleaning the water. So of course this should only be applied
         | where there is a chance that they can remove more PFAS than
         | they introduce to the system, which may not be as universally
         | applicable as we may think.
        
           | sirsinsalot wrote:
           | I'm sure there are acceptable corner cases, but when
           | everything from your new sofa to the trainers you bought are
           | covered in the stuff in the form of fire retardants, we're
           | just sloshing the stuff around.
           | 
           | Most of the uses are not due to necessity, but because these
           | dangerous chemicals are cheaper to produce and have higher
           | margins. Or use of them has second order margin increases by
           | allowing us to do other things cheaper.
           | 
           | Humanity is terrible at long term harm consideration. Unless
           | the danger is immediate we can't really feel the urgency.
           | 
           | Look how we all live, as if we won't die. It's sadly the
           | human condition, and that bug in our cognition may be our
           | downfall.
           | 
           | What happens when the urgency comes and the damage we did
           | can't be undone, regardless of our ingenuity?
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | Because most people don't care. People have more immediate
         | problems than something that _might_ kill /injure them decades
         | from now. Most people don't even know about the potential
         | dangers and where the chemicals are used. When people do find
         | out, they're shocked/skeptical.
         | 
         | As an example, my mother-in-law was using old non-stick pans. I
         | had to tell about the FDA saying to throw out pans from before
         | 2013. She was shocked. Then I had to explain the new pans still
         | have similar concerns because they changed the formula which
         | isn't that different and is just less tested. Her world view is
         | that there's no way the government would allow anything harmful
         | on the market. Yeah... ok...
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | > Her world view is that there's no way the government would
           | allow anything harmful on the market. Yeah... ok...
           | 
           | Its reasonable to expect that people in government and the
           | nedia are doing their job to inform the public.
           | 
           | I can't keep track of all the possible fuckups - like who
           | here knows that Philadelphia police firebombed a house full
           | of children in 1985 and noone was held accountable for their
           | deaths?
           | 
           | If that happened today in your city, maybe you would be
           | defunding the police.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "Its reasonable to expect that people in government and the
             | nedia are doing their job to inform the public."
             | 
             | It might be rational to expect that. But as you point out
             | with your example, it's not actually _reasonable_ to expect
             | that. With the track record of screw ups that there are, it
             | 's more reasonable to assume that you have to do you're own
             | research.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | But there are only so many things you can research
               | yourself, there are limited hours in the day.
               | 
               | Like why should a naive person expect frying pans to be
               | particularly suspicious and worth researching? How do you
               | know to research issues with PTFA's, how would you know
               | they even exist?
               | 
               | You have to trust that the rest of society is generally
               | functional. This is what free market extremists do not
               | understand, if all trust is gone, society collapses
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "to be particularly suspicious and worth researching"
               | 
               | If it's some new miracle product, like burnt on cheese
               | not sticking to the pan, then it would be good to look
               | into.
               | 
               | "You have to trust that the rest of society is generally
               | functional."
               | 
               | And you would _generally_ be right. In which case you
               | should expect /accept that you might encounter products
               | that fall outside of that _general_ protection that put
               | you at risk of harm.
               | 
               | As a member of society, you also have to think for
               | yourself and question things. If 100% of society is just
               | following everyone else, then nobody will discover,
               | discuss, and address harmful situations.
               | 
               | "This is what free market extremists do not understand,
               | if all trust is gone, society collapses"
               | 
               | Who said all trust is gone? Why are you bringing up
               | extremists? Let's try to stay on-topic.
        
         | thorvaldsson wrote:
         | Not to sound too cynical, but humanity has rarely (or ever)
         | been able to react in a coordinated timely fashion to any event
         | threating it in any way.
         | 
         | That is until we reach the brink.
         | 
         | Think of the Montreal Protocol from the 80's, a treaty for
         | phasing out and eventually banning CFC/HCFC's in an effort to
         | protect and hopefully restore the ozone layer. The protocol was
         | in response to a dramatic seasonal depletion of the ozone layer
         | over Antarctica in the 80's.
         | 
         | To me, from everything I read and hear about PFAS pollution, it
         | would seem we are at the brink again in terms of those
         | chemicals.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | CFCs were a nice confluence of events because there was a
           | ready alternative available for CFCs. The same doesn't exist
           | for PFAS.
        
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