[HN Gopher] Runestone discovered in Norway may be the world's ol...
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       Runestone discovered in Norway may be the world's oldest
        
       Author : diodorus
       Score  : 123 points
       Date   : 2023-01-22 02:55 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | jjtheblunt wrote:
       | A very neat book on this topic (he was my professor for years
       | much later than that book):
       | 
       | A Concise Grammar of the Older Runic Inscriptions, by Elmer
       | Antonsen 1975
       | 
       | https://a.co/d/9nITdEY
        
         | msrenee wrote:
         | Neat! If anyone's looking to buy and dissuaded by the Amazon
         | price, it looks like Abebooks has cheaper used copies.
        
       | legulere wrote:
       | I always wonder with runes if there is a huge survivorship bias.
       | Runes most likely lack horizontal strokes to be easier to carve
       | into wood, but wood doesn't endure time as much. Also with stones
       | there's probably a similar effect: in central Europe stones like
       | sandstone or limestone are more common. They are weathering
       | faster than other stones.
        
         | cal85 wrote:
         | I'm confused as to what you're saying here, but it sounds
         | interesting. Can you clarify? Survivorship bias of what over
         | what?
        
           | arminiusreturns wrote:
           | It's well known in protohistory that most of the religious
           | sites were wooded, both with idols and altars of wood, but
           | also in the forest itself in special places such as groves.
           | The romans destroyed most of it, and later the christians
           | (but I repeat myself). So I think gp is just reiterating
           | this.
           | 
           | Here in America our high country and high country desert
           | really make us lucky for having close to surface access of
           | ancient things, makes archaeology and paleontology much
           | easier.
        
       | LAC-Tech wrote:
       | I've loved runes ever since I saw them on JRR Tolkiens book as a
       | little kid. Very very cool to see something this old.
       | 
       |  _"Not all inscriptions have a linguistic meaning," says Zilmer.
       | "It's possible that someone has imitated, explored or played with
       | the writing. Maybe someone was learning how to carve runes."_
       | 
       | Yeah as I understand a lot of run carvings were more symbolic,
       | loads of stuff where people just repeat a rune over and over
       | because it represents a god, or how many times alu has been
       | found.
        
       | sillyquiet wrote:
       | Anybody looking for information not filtered through science
       | journalism wouldn't go wrong checking out the Twitter threads of
       | two of the researchers:
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/KristerVasshus/status/161523653168960716...
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/Kristel_Zilmer/status/161546218260654080...
       | 
       | I also recommend Jackson Crawford's video on the subject as well:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_m2xcoU9Q0
       | 
       | He also had an in-depth interview with Krister Vasshus on his
       | Patreon which will probably be on his You-Tube channel
       | eventually.
        
         | moloch-hai wrote:
         | Any discussion that doesn't even mention the possibility of
         | origin in semitic forms (which, of course, Greek and ultimately
         | Roman also trace to) seems unlikely to enlighten.
         | 
         | Carthaginians certainly got around. You would seem to need a
         | plausible reason for them to have been unable or unwilling to
         | visit Denmark.
        
           | sillyquiet wrote:
           | Just because they don't mention this not-widely-accepted
           | hypothesis you're going to dismiss it? Ok.
        
             | moloch-hai wrote:
             | It doesn't offer anything else. So, yes. "Not widely
             | accepted" means, exactly, "usefully checked against new
             | evidence".
             | 
             | If you can point to anything beyond "woohoo, new older
             | runes" and "maybe this helps distinguish between Greek and
             | italic origin", do.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | _a_a_a_ wrote:
           | If you have any info on this, post it.
        
             | eesmith wrote:
             | I was also curious about the topic.
             | 
             | I think this book review by Nelson Goering of Robert
             | Mailhammer & Theo Vennemann's book "The Carthaginian North:
             | Semitic Influence on Early Germanic: A Linguistic and
             | Cultural Study" at https://hcommons.org/deposits/download/h
             | c:40752/CONTENT/goer... and
             | https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.20028.goe does a good job of
             | summarizing the argument and the review author's issues
             | with it.
             | 
             | > The thesis presented in this book - that there was a
             | substantial linguistic impact on what would become Proto-
             | Germanic from the Punic spoken by Carthaginians who
             | allegedly established outposts in northern Europe - has
             | been argued by one of the authors in various articles for
             | many years (see the collected articles in Vennemann 2003,
             | 2013), and is already known as 'controversial'. ... This
             | book can be taken as arguing the best possible case for
             | Punic influence on Germanic ...
             | 
             | > This, then, is the sum of the strictly linguistic
             | evidence marshalled by MV for the alleged Punic contact and
             | linguistic influence on Germanic. They supplement it with
             | an appeal to writing systems, arguing that runes are best
             | derived directly from the Punic alphabet. They make a
             | number of points, but a large core of their argument turns
             | on the supposed derivation of the first four runes (for f,
             | u, th, and a), in order, shape, and sound, from the Punic
             | alphabet. .
             | 
             | > The result of this, it should by now be clear, is that I
             | must conclude that the central thesis of the book - that
             | there was linguistic influence from Punic on pre-Germanic -
             | is not supported by the evidence marshalled here. More than
             | that, I would say that this Punic hypothesis may now be
             | confidently rejected as very probably untrue. If such
             | influence were real, then the combined labours of two
             | talented linguists, one working on the problem for very
             | many years, and with ample (if often critical) feedback to
             | build on, would have uncovered convincing traces by now.
             | That they have not strongly suggests that such do not
             | exist. If this is the best argument that can be made for
             | the Punic hypothesis, then the hypothesis would appear to
             | be incorrect.
        
       | moloch-hai wrote:
       | It would be interesting to explore whether this has any effect on
       | the hypothesis, based purely on letterform comparisons, that
       | runes may be traced to semitic symbols, presumably introduced by
       | Carthaginian refugees or, anyway, travellers.
       | 
       | (This idea has been dismissed as impossible based on the
       | timeline, as the oldest runes postdate Carthage's demolition by
       | centuries, but that argument depends on assuming we have a
       | complete archaeological record, which we of course do not.)
       | 
       | If the older letterforms more closely resemble a semitic form, it
       | would be powerful evidence in favor. If not, things get more
       | complicated.
        
         | jvickers wrote:
         | 1) Why Carthaginian rather than Phoenician?
         | 
         | 2) Given that runes are a form that's optimised for writing on
         | trees, it should not be expected that the oldest runes will be
         | found.
        
           | moloch-hai wrote:
           | Carthaginians were Phoenicians.
        
         | sillyquiet wrote:
         | > but that argument depends on assuming we have a complete
         | archaeological record, which we of course do not.
         | 
         | In other words that argument depends on _the available
         | evidence_ rather than speculation, like, you know, how science
         | should be done.
        
           | moloch-hai wrote:
           | Assuming you already have all the possible evidence already
           | leads to falsehoods. Science is about not embracing
           | falsehoods, if it is anything.
           | 
           | What you promote is what cemented "Clovis first" for decades
           | beyond its sell-by date, and opposition to the K-T bolide
           | model and plate tectonics. Pretending to know interferes with
           | coming to know.
           | 
           | For a more recent example:
           | 
           | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00128.
           | ..
           | 
           | Opposition was sloppy to the point of dishonesty.
        
         | kgeist wrote:
         | Do you have links to the arguments in favor of the semitic
         | hypothesis?
        
           | moloch-hai wrote:
           | https://theconversation.com/shillings-gods-and-runes-
           | clues-i...
           | 
           | might be a good place to start.
        
             | kgeist wrote:
             | Oh I heard about Theo Venneman, his conjectures weren't
             | convincing to me. As far as I remember he tried to explain
             | all Proto-Germanic words of unclear origin (unclear at the
             | time) as stemming from Semitic but since then convincing
             | derivations from Proto-Indoeuropean have been proposed for
             | many of them, so his arguments are quite shaky.
        
             | msrenee wrote:
             | So that's a guy claiming he and another person figured out
             | that the derivation of some Proto-Germanic words came from
             | a semitic language. No published paper, just conjecture. He
             | claims that there are a number of loanwords in Proto-
             | Germanic that came from semitic. The word "loanword" is a
             | link to what you would expect to lead to some evidence for
             | it. Instead, it leads to a website listing a number of
             | different loanwords from various languages. The closest
             | thing on that list is Yiddish and it clearly states they
             | mostly entered the language in the 20th century.
        
               | peterfirefly wrote:
               | Plenty of publications by Venneman (mentioned on the
               | linked site). The man was a linguistics professor for 30
               | years. Was he right? Probably not, but definitely not
               | just "a guy" and "another person".
        
         | Bayart wrote:
         | Nordic runes have a blatant filiatiation to Italic scripts,
         | especially the Etruscan alphabet. It's rather natural that it
         | would spread from the Alps to the North Sea through the Rhine
         | River. In that sense it's just as much descended from the
         | Phoenician alphabet as the Latin alphabet is. But a _direct_
         | descent from a Semitic script makes less sense. This being said
         | there are cases of scripts being adopted from afar rather than
         | from a neighbour. For example Transalpine Gaul used a Greek
         | script before the Roman invasion, rather than an Italic one.
        
           | moloch-hai wrote:
           | Yet, we know it is more complicated than simple derivation
           | from Etruscan. So the real question is what else happened.
        
       | cmrdporcupine wrote:
       | Interesting, 1800-2000 years ago is right back in a time when
       | it's somewhat harder to make a distinction between the various
       | Germanic language families. Very close to a more common Germanic
       | era, so if there's much written here it could tell us a lot about
       | Germanic family language evolution.
       | 
       | But it does sound like it's the usual "I, cmrdporcupine, wrote
       | this rune" graffiti form :-) Not a lot of words
        
       | JasonFruit wrote:
       | This statement[0] from the University of Oslo, linked from the
       | article, explains how the stone was dated, and is in general more
       | explanatory.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.khm.uio.no/english/news/found-the-world-s-
       | oldest...
        
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       (page generated 2023-01-23 23:01 UTC)