[HN Gopher] Plastic to Oil - Produces 80% Oil
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       Plastic to Oil - Produces 80% Oil
        
       Author : hochmartinez
       Score  : 221 points
       Date   : 2023-01-19 12:26 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blest.co.jp)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blest.co.jp)
        
       | nebula8804 wrote:
       | WOW! super surprised to see Blest on here. From my understanding
       | I believe these guys went bankrupt a few years back. Maybe they
       | are back from the dead?
       | 
       | This tabletop unit is more of a demonstration unit they don't
       | really intend to sell. It is for educational purposes and really
       | as a demonstrator for their large scale industrial units. This is
       | why when you search for Blest Plastic to oil on Youtube you'll
       | mostly find educational institutions demoing this unit and not
       | much else.
       | 
       | One of the original engineers is apparently an independent
       | contractor now?
       | 
       | He used to post a few Youtube videos of a similar unit to the
       | tabletop version but he seems to have disappeared as well.
       | 
       | [1]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHLWZgFThQs
        
         | flakiness wrote:
         | From: https://www.youtube.com/@Plastic2oiltv/about
         | 
         | > "Blest Co., Ltd. went bankrupt in 2017 and started a business
         | as a freelance engineer. Currently, I am setting up and running
         | a consulting company on plastic fuels."
         | 
         | So I guess this is not Blest (which I heard first time.)
        
           | flakiness wrote:
           | Oh, I noticed the domain name being blest.co.jp.
           | 
           | https://blest.co.jp/eng/company/
           | 
           | > INCORPORATED March , 2018
           | 
           | So someone bought it and keeps it running? Interesting.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Some issues:
       | 
       | 1) Says it draws 1 kilowatt constantly and 'begins to produce oil
       | in one hour', while also only holding about 1 kg max of plastic.
       | How long does it take to finish processing the 1 kg of plastic
       | into the 0.8 kg of oil? Is this a reasonable overall energy-
       | return-on-energy-investment (and see #2 below, it will take
       | additional energy).
       | 
       | 2) If this is producing a typical crude oil, is further refining
       | needed to create individually useful products? What's the average
       | hydrocarbon length and the overall distribution of different
       | lengths of hydrocarbons? Are there aromatic components of the oil
       | (such as benzene, a known carcinogen)?
       | 
       | 2) What kind of waste is leftover? Does it generate a polcyclic
       | aromatic hydrocarbon-laden toxic glop, or what? How is this waste
       | to be disposed?
        
         | dr_orpheus wrote:
         | Below the "spec table" they have an example run with household
         | plastic waste.
         | 
         | - 3.5 hours @ 1 kW (may be an overestimate of power since it
         | says as a guide)
         | 
         | - Converts 400g of plastic to 286g of oil, so with a "dirtier"
         | source of plastic its a ~70% return.
         | 
         | Also more data here [0] with ratios in the 60-90% range.
         | 
         | [0] https://blest.co.jp/eng/experimental-data/
         | 
         | Edit: On that page it also says "As you look into the data you
         | can understand our machine can produce high grade oil mixture
         | of gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and little heavy oil. The oil
         | can be used as recycled fuel for electric power generator
         | without refining." The second sentence seems like a bit of a
         | reach, that there would not be some intermediary step.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | I am dubious of the photos that show coloured plastics turning
       | into clear oil.
       | 
       | Does this process really break down all the many types of dyes?
        
         | sbaiddn wrote:
         | No idea how this thing works but why wouldn't it destroy all
         | "dyes"? It breaks every other bond, why not dye bonds?
         | 
         | I'm also curious that the liquid is clear, though, because
         | you'd think this thing creates a soup of organic chemicals each
         | with different color responses.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | > No idea how this thing works
           | 
           | I just have a suspicion that this thing _doesn 't work_, and
           | the claims on the website aren't real...
        
       | antisthenes wrote:
       | This is like the Juicero of alchemy.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | thepangolino wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | toiletfuneral wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | More information here:
       | 
       | https://blest.co.jp/eng/faq/
       | 
       | This seems to be intended for PP/PE which is basically a long-
       | chain hydrocarbon anyway, but does make up the bulk of plastic
       | use. It seems to be a very stereotypically Japanese product.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | The current wisdom is that PP is one of the least problematic
         | plastics wrt to leachate contaminating the contents. HDPE is
         | also fairly well regarded. In theory LDPE is also considered
         | 'food safe' but if you can _smell_ the plasticizers evaporating
         | off of LDPE (which I absolutely can) then what 's it doing to
         | your food?
         | 
         | I read something about PE in the environment recently but I
         | can't recall if it said it was the hardest to break down or the
         | easiest. I'm thinking the former though, since I came away from
         | that article feeling better about PP and worse about PE.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | Here's some math:
       | 
       | 3.5KWh rough estimate of power requirement (not including
       | embodied energy of device or repairs).
       | 
       | Oil contains 10,000 kWh per cubic meter (1 million ml). 10
       | million Wh/m^3 = 10 Wh/ml
       | 
       | Device outputs 380ml of oil, so output is 3800 Wh/run. Depending
       | on the fudge factors on the input power this device yields less
       | than 1.1 units of oil per unit of electricity.
       | 
       | Even if they increase the efficiency at scale, this device's
       | entire value seems to be in in removing a waste product, not in
       | generating an input stream. A device that can 'pull' hydrocarbons
       | from the air might actually beat this on the grounds of
       | efficiency for inputs.
        
       | stonemetal12 wrote:
       | 400g plastic becomes 286g of oil (less than 75%), what is the 80%
       | in reference to?
        
         | ubxe wrote:
         | https://blest.co.jp/eng/experimental-data/
        
       | bloomingeek wrote:
       | Great, another reason I'm pissed off about plastic recycling!
       | I've been collecting my plastic for as long as I can remember and
       | recycling it, then they tell us only about 12% has EVER been
       | recycled.
       | 
       | Now we can break it down to get the oil back! A$$holes!
        
         | askvictor wrote:
         | I'm getting to the point where I think plastic recycling was
         | always a scam to make people use more plastics without any
         | guilt. That said, putting plastics into landfill not such a bad
         | thing; we've taken oil from the ground, made it into plastics,
         | then putting it back in the ground. Better than burning it.
         | There is a lot of space for landfill, and not very much oil.
         | The problem is when it doesn't end up in landfill, but ends up
         | in the sea. Which by virtue of there being more and more
         | plastics (since they're guilt-free now) there is more and more
         | of.
        
         | xsmasher wrote:
         | Be careful where you get stats like that. If the stat says that
         | "12% of plastic (ever produced globally) is recycled" that
         | doesn't mean your local recycling program is terrible.
         | 
         | I just got a notice from my trash company that only 10% of
         | their collected material is contaminated / not recyclable.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | What percentage of plastic do you think is even collected? It's
         | a weird stat to compare the household recycling of bottles and
         | containers (which even in the US gets recycled at a non-trivial
         | rate) and all plastic ever (lawn chairs, toys, complex mixed
         | materials etc.)
        
         | sbaiddn wrote:
         | Don't recycle. If its going to get dumped anyway put your
         | plastic recycling in the garbage. Then it'll end up in a
         | nominally regulated local dump and not in a Vietnamese river.
         | 
         | Btw anyone who has even a cursory understanding of polymer
         | physics suspected that plastics recycling was a scam. The whole
         | scheme was either to greenwash industry throwing the moral
         | responsibility to the end users or to condition us to recycle
         | when they finally figured out how to do it.
         | 
         | For what it's worth, extracting energy out of plastic is
         | probably best way to deal with it.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | You forgot the third option... Grind it up, and put it in
           | inappropriate places... Like "ooh, we can mix it into
           | asphalt"...
           | 
           | Mixing some material that you don't want and can be quite
           | toxic into something you're gonna leave in the environment
           | just seems like a bad idea...
           | 
           | Let me think... When else did we do that? Oh yeah - when we
           | mixed coal fly ash into bricks[1]! Everyone wants mercury
           | poisoning from the bricks their houses were made from - and
           | it was a very cheap way to dispose of otherwise hard to deal
           | with toxic waste!
           | 
           | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_ash_brick
        
       | juancroldan wrote:
       | "This sounds too cool, let's check HN comments for the
       | disappointment"
        
         | csours wrote:
         | If you wanted to burn plastic for energy, you can already do it
         | at a electrical generation plant.
         | 
         | You have to put more energy in to get oil out.
         | 
         | Um. And climate change.
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | Burning plastic however, has high temperature requirements to
           | avoid giving off toxic fumes in the smoke, which I think you
           | would reduce by doing a conversion to oil first.
        
             | killjoywashere wrote:
             | Some of it doesn't even burn:
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2022-india-plastic-
             | recycl...
        
             | Reason077 wrote:
             | Waste-to-energy plants are _designed_ to reach those high
             | temperatures, amongst other measures, to minimise and
             | prevent toxic emissions.
             | 
             | They still produce a lot of CO2, though: plastic is still a
             | fossil fuel. From a climate perspective, we'd be better to
             | bury the stuff in the ground than to burn it. And ideally,
             | we'd just produce a lot less plastic in the first place!
        
               | yowlingcat wrote:
               | Are you suggesting to bury it in the ground so it can
               | leach into groundwater and soil rather than even trying
               | to capture and reuse the CO2? Are you serious or are you
               | joking?
        
               | csours wrote:
               | Digging a hole and lining it with clay and polymer,
               | filling it with household waste, and then covering it
               | with a polymer liner is significantly cheaper than what
               | you are describing.
               | 
               | It's not great, there's no great solution, the problem is
               | hard on multiple levels. If a solution made sense, people
               | would already be doing it.
        
               | ars wrote:
               | > From a climate perspective, we'd be better to bury the
               | stuff in the ground than to burn it.
               | 
               | Actually from a climate perspective we'd be better off
               | burning the plastic, and reducing how much fresh oil we
               | pump.
               | 
               | I'd rather "bury" if you will, the oil, instead of the
               | plastic.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Not all energy is created equal though. There are
           | applications where 1kwh of oil is more valuable than 1kwh of
           | electricity.
        
         | suh_dude wrote:
         | Glad I'm not the only one who thinks that...
        
         | ahmedk92 wrote:
         | Before looking, it will probably be more pollution.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | There is a reason that portion of the crude oil was made into
           | plastic, and not sold as oil or fuel to begin with.
        
             | perrygeo wrote:
             | My first thought was "what kind of oil?". It matters. The
             | clean burning, energy dense stuff was turned into fuel from
             | the start. The rest of it is barely fit for a cigarette
             | lighter.
             | 
             | But beyond that, not all plastics come from crude oil
             | directly. Many plastics, especially baggies and consumer
             | plastics of the type shown in these photos, come from
             | liquids that are removed from natural gas.
             | 
             | Either way, you're certainly dealing with a liquid
             | hydrocarbon of inferior quality. And at the huge energy
             | cost of having refined it twice. I'd be surprised if this
             | provided any net-positive energy. And it's certainly a
             | dirty burning fuel with low BTU per volume.
             | 
             | Why not just burn the plastic directly at this point?
        
           | leeoniya wrote:
           | there was an infuriating segment on the local news last night
           | that single-use/disposable coffee cups (e.g. keurig) are
           | somehow "greener" because they supposedly use water/energy
           | more efficiently than "traditional" ways of making coffee. of
           | course, zero mention of where these things end up after their
           | 15 seconds of fame.
           | 
           | https://wgnradio.com/the-business-of-food-with-steve-
           | alexand...
           | 
           | it's like CO2 is the only impact to the environment that
           | matters. you can always find greener ways to source the
           | energy, but you're not going to find a lot of ways to reduce
           | plastic trash.
        
             | CoffeeOnWrite wrote:
             | Omg infuriating. Telling me my French press wastes hot
             | water is absurd.
        
       | duffyjp wrote:
       | Japan imports almost all of its oil, so maybe it makes sense in
       | that market though the scale seems impractical to me.
       | 
       | * https://www.worldometers.info/oil/japan-oil/
        
       | georgyo wrote:
       | 1kW/h for 3 hours or 3kw.
       | 
       | 400g plastic to 286g oil.
       | 
       | Seems extremely carbon negative.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | > kW/h
         | 
         | (tears hair out)
        
           | jsight wrote:
           | Still not as bad as kwh/hr. That one is showing up on some
           | car UIs now.
        
             | osigurdson wrote:
             | Why can't we just use the right unit for energy - Joule? A
             | battery capacity should be stated in MJ / GJ.
        
               | danuker wrote:
               | An hour is a popular unit for me personally. I measure my
               | work and plan my day in hours (since pretty much all
               | clocks use hours, not kiloseconds).
               | 
               | I don't use seconds very much (with the exception of Unix
               | epoch seconds, or a short experiment).
               | 
               | I can't divide by 3600 in my head. I can, however,
               | multiply by 1. Therefore, Watt-seconds (AKA Joules) are
               | not as useful to me as Watt-hours and kiloWatt-hours.
        
               | osigurdson wrote:
               | Natural gas is consumer priced in GJ and seems to work
               | fine. Eventually we would just develop and intuition
               | about number of K/M/G J in various battery sizes without
               | the complex/ugly kwh unit.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | That's at least dimensionally correct.
        
           | Oxidation wrote:
           | Maybe the machinery takes 3 hours to spool up to generating
           | 1kW?
        
             | deadbeeves wrote:
             | No, it gradually increases its consumption at a rate of 1
             | kW every hour, thus at the 3-hour mark it's consuming 3 kW.
        
               | Oxidation wrote:
               | Gosh. Better make sure you put it on a timer switch or
               | that's going to get expensive.
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | It can't be carbon negative if you burn the resulting oil. The
         | carbon in the atmosphere goes up.
         | 
         | Ths technology is pointless. The carbon can be sequestered as
         | plastic.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | But they don't like doing that because it does break down
           | over time and starts leeching into the soil underneath.
           | 
           | Which can be caught and prevented, of course, but nobody
           | wants to build a landfill like that.
           | 
           | I too think it should be sequestered, ideally in fairly
           | stable conditions; worst case, it stays there for the next
           | thousand years and the plastic breaks down into whatever it
           | does (entropy etc). But in a good case, they discover a means
           | to effectively reuse, recycle or break down plastics, so that
           | the sequestered plastic can be processed.
           | 
           | But it's not economically viable, not when it's cheaper to
           | export it AND get paid by counties and the government (in the
           | form of subsidies) for the box-ticking exercise of separating
           | it out and calling it recycled.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Huh? Everyone already builds landfills like that. They have
             | to be clay lined anyway and leachate collected for a number
             | of reasons.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | chpatrick wrote:
       | Surely it's still not good to put that plastic in the atmosphere
       | though, especially while spending extra energy. If it can't be
       | recycled the next best thing is to bury it.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | In the waste hierarchy, burning plastic with energy recovery
         | and gopf fikters comes after recycling and before well-managed
         | landfill.
         | 
         | This becomes less true as alternative non-fossil energy becomes
         | more dominant though, since you're not displacing dirtier
         | fossil fuels.
        
         | smileysteve wrote:
         | What, no, burning it is surely better than digging up
         | previously buried stuff to refine and burn.
         | 
         | Only if we approach a 0 drilling world would it make sense to
         | bury plastic instead of burn it.
        
         | radicalbyte wrote:
         | If we pump it back into the oil fields (and stop using oil!)
         | then it is essentially a carbon credit. The cost of doing that
         | would be an excellent basis for the cost of a carbon credit.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | It would be a percentage of what was taken out though, given
           | it takes energy to convert plastic back to oil; it would
           | likely get mixed with other oil products instead so that the
           | companies can cash in on government subsidies for using
           | "green" technologies.
        
           | elil17 wrote:
           | We could also just bury the plastic, like we do now. Most
           | plastic cannot be decomposed by bacteria, so most of that
           | carbon will be sequestered from the atmosphere.
        
       | rcshubhadeep wrote:
       | It is written in one of the pages - "As you look into the data
       | you can understand our machine can produce high grade oil mixture
       | of gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and little heavy oil. The oil
       | can be used as recycled fuel for electric power generator without
       | refining"
       | 
       | I am no expert, and so I have the question actually. How do we
       | use that oil in reality?
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | The obvious answer would be cracking.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracking_(chemistry)
        
         | ezconnect wrote:
         | It will definitely burn. Diesel heater for water and air is one
         | application.
        
         | LegitShady wrote:
         | oil usually has mixtures of hydrocarbons like this. Refineries
         | use processes like fractional distillation to separate the
         | components so that they can be used separately, or processes
         | like cracking are used which convert longer chain hydrocarbons
         | into simpler hydrocarbons.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Many diesel engines can burn a mix of those (of course, depends
         | on the ratios). Or you can refine it into the pure fuels.
         | 
         | My question is, if it's aimed to power an electricity
         | generator, why not just burn the plastic at a high temperature?
         | (What I imagine there's no answer for, because it's what people
         | actually do. They are probably using the generator only as a
         | display application.)
        
         | tastyfreeze wrote:
         | Distill it into fractions and use the fuel like normal.
        
         | whatever1 wrote:
         | Crude oil is much messier than this. Still we refine it just
         | fine :)
        
       | pipeline_peak wrote:
       | It would be nice if they listed safe use cases for oil from
       | squished plastic...
       | 
       | I couldn't imagine you want this reaching smoke point.
       | 
       | BRB drinking water derived from urine to wash down the bug
       | protein bars I ate earlier. I'll be sure to wipe later with 2
       | square inches of newspaper that I'll later dispose in my
       | apartment's communal compost heap...protect the planet!
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | what oil would you ever want to reach its smoke point?
        
           | pipeline_peak wrote:
           | Cooking oils when stir frying, obviously this isn't safe for
           | that.
        
       | gmuslera wrote:
       | Great, now instead of turning the 95% of all extracted oil into
       | greenhouse gases, we now can turn the 99+%. That is efficiency.
        
         | osrec wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34441324
        
         | settrans wrote:
         | Only if it increases demand for oil.
         | 
         | Realistically, this oil would replace oil that would otherwise
         | have to be pumped from the ground.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | So when there's unrest in the middle east, does the price of
           | this converted oil suddenly spike as well? /s
        
           | lesuorac wrote:
           | Ah yes, just like how fracking reduced the other methods of
           | drilling oil from the ground.
        
         | kemiller wrote:
         | Well one hopes this is an enabler of a more-closed loop process
         | for plastics. But... yeah.
        
         | Xylakant wrote:
         | we always could - burning the plastic always was an option, and
         | effectively happens in a lot of places (incinerator). Recycling
         | into oil would give us the option to use it as input to either
         | new plastic or other hydrocarbon based products.
         | 
         | Now, whether this works as advertised is an open question.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | This is a very mature industry. I'm skeptical it's economical
           | at all.
        
             | Xylakant wrote:
             | It's also an area where the economics are changing -
             | renewable energy is cheap during peak hours. So if you can
             | build a process that can essentially soak up that energy
             | you could try and do arbitrage. Whether that's enough to
             | make that economically viable depends on the capital
             | investment required, but it's at least possible in the near
             | future.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | The alternative is polluting the entire planet with micro-
         | plastics for a 5% savings in greenhouse gasses.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | This does nothing to prevent micro plastics.
           | 
           | Micro plastics are plastics that have escaped into the
           | environment, which by definitions means we are no longer
           | collecting them for disposal or recycling.
           | 
           | All this does is keep some recycling programs from shutting
           | down, and most of those are collecting bulk #1 and #2 which
           | as far as I'm aware are not the major source of micro plastic
           | pollution.
           | 
           | Patagonia has a fucked up plan of using recycled polyester in
           | everything lately and I don't see how nobody is noticing that
           | a major source of urban micro plastics is going to be coming
           | from dryer lint. Which means synthetics and dryers are a bad
           | combo.
           | 
           | I line dry all my exercise clothes, but most people don't.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | How exactly do materials go from dryer lint to trash bag
             | and then somehow end up in the ocean?
             | 
             | I can see a washing machine sending micro plastics down the
             | drain resulting in some small percentage of those ending up
             | in the ocean. Assuming some failure where raw sewage was
             | dumped into a river or ocean.
        
               | jasonjayr wrote:
               | Most, if not all dryers vent to the outdoors.
               | 
               | Some particles make it through the lint trap into the
               | hot/humid air stream into the environment.
               | 
               | Normal wear of the garments will shed micro particles
               | from just rubbing up against them.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | So using a dryer is better for the ocean than air drying,
               | good to know.
        
               | kraquepype wrote:
               | I would think air (line) drying would be better in terms
               | of microplastics, since there is no tumbling.
               | 
               | Would it be safe to say that (mostly) frictionless line
               | drying would shed fewer particles than tumble drying?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The dryer collects already loose or broken fibers in the
               | lint trap for disposal. Air drying doesn't which means
               | those large broken fibers containing several orders of
               | more magnitude more plastic than might escape from a
               | dryer end up in the environment.
               | 
               | This is why new clothes result in dramatically more lint
               | than old clothes by weight.
        
               | hunter2_ wrote:
               | Isn't it possible that tumbling is the only significant
               | source of breakage?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | If that was the case old clothes would produces far more
               | lint in a dryer because the dryer would keep damaging
               | them. Instead the reverse happens with new clothes
               | produces vastly more and it tappers off.
               | 
               | They do cause damage, but it isn't the overwhelming
               | source of damage.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Old clothes have a lot less fiber in them. Whether your
               | math checks out would depend on the % of fibers lost per
               | week rather than just the total number.
               | 
               | Washing machines also have lint traps, and the water
               | treatment plant has to deal with a lot of solids from
               | washing machines. I don't have numbers on what percent
               | comes out in that case.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I am doing this comparison based on weight not individual
               | items.
               | 
               | It's really obvious is you've ever washed a full load of
               | new clothes vs old clothes.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | The dryer abrades the fabric. If you have a delicate or
               | dear piece of clothing they always advise that you air
               | dry it as the fabric will last longer. Those delicate
               | bags for the washing machine are substantially about
               | limiting abrasion from rougher clothing, and also about
               | not accidentally running them through the dryer by
               | tucking inside or clinging to something else.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Normal use also abrades fabrics, the point is normal use
               | doesn't collect these damaged fibers so they all just end
               | up in the environment.
        
               | soperj wrote:
               | They end up in the environment regardless. Where do you
               | put your lint trap material? where does the dryer vent
               | to?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | If you want to be _that_ pedantic the clothes you're
               | using right now are already part of the environment as
               | are clothes sitting in stores etc.
               | 
               | However, using the common terminology a sealed garbage
               | dump isn't part of the environment in question because
               | sea life isn't coming into contact with it.
        
               | jasonjayr wrote:
               | Technically yes, if dryers can improve their filtration,
               | and dryer owners can be trusted to maintain their filters
               | ...
        
               | soperj wrote:
               | You don't need much of a failure. Many cities all you
               | need is a really rainy day and it overflows into general
               | ocean run off[0]. I'm pretty sure parts of Vancouver
               | still just send sewage directly into the ocean. All of
               | Victoria did for over a hundred and fifty years until
               | during Covid they finished a treatment plant finally[1].
               | 
               | [0] - example - https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-
               | columbia/sewage-overf...
               | 
               | [1] -https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-
               | columbia/victoria-crd...
        
             | Xylakant wrote:
             | if you're worried about microplastics from drying your
             | patagonia fleece in the dryer, worry about other things
             | first. Car tires get ground up into microplastic and
             | estimates range between 10 and 28% of the total
             | microplastic pollution in the oceans [1]. And that's not
             | surprising - the weight loss of a single tire over its
             | lifetime likely exceeds the entire weight of your fleece
             | jacket. Drive less car miles before worrying about
             | patagonia clothes.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/
             | tires...
        
               | einpoklum wrote:
               | I'm wondering - how much microplastics come from
               | _bicycle_ tires? I mean, surely it's a lot less, but how
               | much less? Say, per bike km ridden?
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | I can tell you that my pair of bike tires is now 13 000km
               | old, still going strong, and weighs about 790g each. It
               | may loose maybe 100 or 200g over it's lifetime, but
               | unlikely that it's even that much. Worst case estimate so
               | far would be 790g/13 000km, or 0.061g/km per wheel -
               | under the assumption that the whole tire is consumed.
        
               | hunter2_ wrote:
               | For cars and bikes alike, it all comes down to how much
               | work the tires are doing, which is to say, how much hard
               | acceleration and hard braking occurs, especially to the
               | point of losing traction despite grippy conditions
               | (burnout/skid), in conjunction with how much mass is
               | being moved.
               | 
               | E-bikes and e-scooters are going to be way worse than
               | human power, per distance, because of the quicker
               | acceleration/braking. My FWD scooter is always slipping
               | on uphill climbs, but my RWD bike doesn't because the
               | weight is shifted appropriately.
               | 
               | Lots of considerations.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | We should worry about the global phenomenon of
               | microplastics for sure, but most of what's in my yard
               | came from litter or from the dryer vent.
               | 
               | Also they used to use more natural fibers and now it's
               | almost all blends, except some of the work clothes.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | For tires, is anyone working on biodegradable or
               | otherwise eco-friendly tire materials? Something that is
               | biocompatible. Although you don't want tires breaking
               | down and causing accidents... Tires have a lot of
               | conflicting design requirements.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Michelin had a tire formula a few years ago that was
               | augmented with natural hydrocarbons. They claimed that it
               | gave the tire better performance at 50% tread wear as
               | well. But I found out recently they don't sell the model
               | I bought anymore so I'm not sure if the expectations
               | matched the projections or what happened.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | Bio tires would be great, but the more immediate, easy
               | and efficient solution is public transport investment to
               | reduce car use.
        
               | LarryMullins wrote:
               | Tires made with natural rubber are nothing new, that's
               | the way _all_ tires used to be made. And I doubt it 's
               | any better for the environment, from either a
               | microplastics perspective or a deforestation perspective.
        
       | thomasjb wrote:
       | This would be rather useful in remote locations which find
       | themselves with surplus plastics (remote islands with no landfill
       | options for example), surplus renewable electricity and big old
       | diesel engines. Those are unusual circumstances, but they are out
       | there, and if there were organisations willing to fund the
       | electricity aspect, the issue of plastic litter could be reduced
       | in many places (and that includes ghost nets and other seaborne
       | plastic). The resulting oil could pay back some of the cost of
       | production, and be sold at a discount to the heavy diesel engine
       | users in the area, on the condition that they uprate their
       | emissions equipment. This may or may not have helpful effects in
       | local markets.
        
       | HackOfAllTrades wrote:
       | Why do people keep falling for this? This same fraud used to pop
       | up only every 10 years. Now it's 5 or less.
       | 
       | I'm a PhD chemist. Please consider this: While plastics and oil
       | are both hydrocarbons they have this important difference. Liquid
       | hydrocarbons have short carbon chains and lots of hydrogen.
       | Plastics have very LONG carbon chains, usually with many double
       | bonds, and very little hydrogen.
       | 
       | That is why, when you heat plastic it decomposes into char -- as
       | in charcoal. It is IMPOSSIBLE to produce oil, even theoretically,
       | without adding a source of hydrogen.
       | 
       | A few centuries ago these same fraudsters would be selling you a
       | way to change Iron into Gold.
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | Is it hard to add a source of hydrogen? In the images they have
         | here it looks like there is a vat of water and it explicitly
         | says it produces H2O and CO2 gas waste (though calls the CO2
         | harmless). That would imply there is a source of hydrogen here.
         | (Not an expert, just legitimately curious so I can better spot
         | snake oil)
        
           | didericis wrote:
           | https://youtu.be/Zmtc22uPLd4
           | 
           | I'm not a chemist/someone else can offer a more detailed
           | explanation (just love the excuse to post that song), but
           | with most of these kinds of things the energy and advanced
           | equipment required to go in a theoretically plausible
           | direction for a minuscule amount of yield is usually absurd.
           | Including turning iron into gold. (I think it might
           | theoretically be possible to do that at this point as well,
           | but if it is possible I'm sure it'd be astronomically energy
           | intensive and wasteful to manipulate matter to that degree)
        
             | outworlder wrote:
             | Turning iron to gold is not possible as a chemical
             | reaction. They are elements. You need a nuclear reaction.
        
               | 40yearoldman wrote:
               | Ahh! So it is possible, just need a nuclear reaction!
        
             | otikik wrote:
             | The way to turn iron to gold is ancient: smelt the iron,
             | make a weapon with it, and use that to steal the gold from
             | someone else.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | teleochemistry
        
           | Turbots wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | throwaway5959 wrote:
           | At that point, why not just use hydrogen as a fuel? Or better
           | yet, just use batteries.
        
             | mananaysiempre wrote:
             | Hydrogen is extraordinarily annoying to store and
             | transport. Oil is kind of annoying, but not "heavy cans of
             | pressurized gas that leaks through metal walls anyway and
             | is explosive in a wide range of air concentrations"
             | annoying. Nobody has figured out a workable way to deal
             | with this, though they might at some point.
             | 
             | It's also not an accident electric cars are so heavy--
             | gasoline or diesel fuel are fantastically energy-dense
             | compared to almost anything else you might want to use,
             | even accounting for the intricate engine you need to haul
             | around to take advantage of them. Not to say that you
             | shouldn't try and use something else, just that it's a very
             | real problem.
        
             | arbitrage wrote:
             | I can't fuel my car with hydrogen.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | And there we have it, the solution we've needed all along
               | - dirigibles.
        
               | LarryMullins wrote:
               | You could, the technology exists. The reason hydrogen
               | fuel cells never caught on is because the production of
               | hydrogen doesn't make economic and environmental sense.
               | Which gets back to the root of problem with the OP
               | claims.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | Hydrogen leaks through metals because it can diffuse
             | through the lattice, and attaching it to carbon stops it
             | from doing that.
        
         | aeroblade wrote:
         | You know, before tossing around your "PhD" in Chemistry maybe
         | it'd be good to be sure you know what you're talking about
         | first...
         | 
         | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2019.0002...
         | )
         | 
         | https://cen.acs.org/environment/recycling/Amid-controversy-i...
         | 
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S01652...
        
           | zwkrt wrote:
           | I don't know if you meant to, but all three of those links
           | are hilarious if you read them. The first one has `moving
           | toward` in the title, which is academic speak for "it doesn't
           | work and we don't know how to make it work". Otherwise it
           | would be arrived at. Very similar to Betteridge's Law of
           | Headlines for academia.
           | 
           | The second link is a news article that is very critical about
           | the motivations, projected success, and sneaky language used
           | by companies to justify pyrolisys. And this is coming from
           | what is ostensibly a pro-chemical news source.
           | 
           | The third article is paywalled and I'm guessing 99% of us
           | can't read it. However, the `Opportunities and Challenges` is
           | again academic talk for "we looked into it and it's really
           | really hard".
        
         | aliswe wrote:
         | I'm not calling you out, but please check these clips and
         | comment.
         | 
         | I dont know anything about this so I appreciate the opportunity
         | to learn.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/njIYHtFmcSs https://youtu.be/TFuTCpCVSbM
         | https://youtu.be/1STaZYZ-P1w etc
        
         | _hypx wrote:
         | You can steam reform plastic and get hydrogen for that purpose.
         | It will imply that you have to lose a percentage of your
         | plastic input, but if it is just plastic waste then that is not
         | a huge problem.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Was going to ask about that - I mean, hydrocarbon chains, by
           | definition, contain hydrogen, so surely you should be able to
           | use part of the input as hydrogen source (leaving concerns of
           | practicality, efficiency and price aside).
        
         | etaioinshrdlu wrote:
         | My understanding is that polyethylene, one of the most common
         | plastics, has no double bonds, and the exact same ratio of
         | carbon:hydrogen as shorter carbon chains. Simply breaking the
         | polymer into short chains should literally give you oil. Why
         | not?
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | Polyethylene is (CH2)n, where n is in the thousands or so, or
           | 2.00 H per C. An octane (e.g., for gasoline) would be C8H18,
           | or 2.25 H per C. Smaller-chain molecules are even higher H/C
           | ratio.
           | 
           | So even polyethylene is short about .25 H per C.
        
         | overboard2 wrote:
         | Could you potentially do it with steam and the right catalyst?
        
         | cal85 wrote:
         | Interesting, thanks. As someone with little understanding of
         | chemistry, can you clarify why "adding a source of hydrogen" is
         | not possible/practical?
        
         | frinko wrote:
         | Thank you for shedding light on this.
        
       | zerop wrote:
       | What kind of Oil it generates? Where it can be used?
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | Everyone is talking about using this oil as fuel and the
       | shortcomings. Could you cook with this oil? Or lubricate some
       | tool/equipment in your garage?
        
         | profstasiak wrote:
         | would you cook your dinner with gasoline?
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | My dad served in the army as a cook in Vietnam. He used
           | gasoline stoves to cook dinner for the troops.
        
             | zucked wrote:
             | "White gas" used for cooking stoves (think Coleman stoves,
             | laterns, etc) used to be unleaded, additive free gasoline.
             | It's not gasoline now (according to wiki: cyclohexane,
             | nonane, octane, heptane, and pentane.) Naptha also works in
             | those stoves but doesn't last as long. Apparently you can
             | still run the stoves on gasoline if you'd like.
        
           | a13o wrote:
           | Truffle oil is 2,4-dithiapentane derived from petroleum, so
           | if you like truffle fries you might not mind
        
           | nebula8804 wrote:
           | How about coffee?
           | 
           | Heres a video of one of the original engineers brewing coffee
           | with "plastic oil". Does not look healthy given that there is
           | so much black smoke.
           | 
           | [1]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbonK7vBCZI
        
           | kspacewalk2 wrote:
           | Certainly, in some settings.
           | 
           | https://www.amazon.com/Gasoline-Stove/s?k=Gasoline+Stove
        
           | p886 wrote:
           | Seed oils that are now widespread as cooking oils were
           | originally used as machine lubricants.
        
             | TSiege wrote:
             | Fascinating and makes sense. I've recently gone down a
             | rabbit hole on the uses of linseed oil pre fossil fuels,
             | but it's too gummy to ever be used as a lubricant. Do you
             | know off hand which seed oils were used for lubricants?
        
               | ElevenLathe wrote:
               | Castor oil was famously used as a lubricant in early WWI-
               | era airplane engines. The fumes would blow in the pilot's
               | face and are also a laxative.
        
               | TSiege wrote:
               | Haha that's amazing! Hopefully the pilots weren't too
               | phased. Thanks for sharing
               | 
               | Did some further digging and it looks like it does have a
               | tendency to gum. From wikipedia, "The viscosity of castor
               | oil at 10 degC is 2,420 centipoise,[28] but it tends to
               | form gums in a short time, so its usefulness is limited
               | to engines that are regularly rebuilt, such as racing
               | engines. Lubricant company Castrol took its name from
               | castor oil."
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_oil#Lubrication
        
             | trompetenaccoun wrote:
             | So was olive oil, in addition to the use in food.
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | Yes my point. They still are.
             | 
             | Soybean oil is used in a wide range of lubricant and
             | functional fluids applications:                 Gear oils
             | and lubes       Chainsaw bar oil       Compressor oil
             | Two-cycle engine oil       Metalworking oils and       Wire
             | rope, chain, and cable lubricants       General purpose and
             | penetrating lubricants       Transformer and transmission
             | line cooling fluids       Greases - automotive, machinery,
             | rail curve, track       Food-grade, industrial, and
             | elevator hydraulic fluids
             | 
             | https://www.stle.org/images/pdf/STLE_ORG/AM2019%20Presentat
             | i...
             | 
             | Obviously this is a backwards example (food-grade oil used
             | for non-food applications), and my question was using this
             | plastic oil for food applications.
        
           | whoomp12342 wrote:
           | In china, its common to cook with "gutter oil" which is
           | sewage, filtered and refined. Humans are amazing.
        
             | eloff wrote:
             | It doesn't seem to be common, but there seem to have been
             | some scandals around that, and an increase in regulations.
             | Really gross!
        
               | pubby wrote:
               | It's more common to unsafely reuse oil than pull it from
               | the sewer. This is done everywhere to some extent (bad
               | grease at a fast food joints, etc), but China does it on
               | a bigger scale.
        
             | Oxidation wrote:
             | "Gutter oil", _digou you_ is any illegally recycled and
             | refined oil. It 's not necessarily from actual gutters: the
             | "gutter" can be figurative. To be clear, does include,
             | rarely and in the most egregious cases, literal sewer
             | skimmings, but is also buying used cooking oil from food
             | vendors (like from deep fat fryers and grill traps) and
             | animal carcass rendering. Then refining and selling that
             | oil for food use rather than as biofuel or other industrial
             | uses. It can even apply simply to just using once-virgin
             | frying oil for longer than regulations allow.
        
             | FearlessNebula wrote:
             | How do people ever consume that without immediately getting
             | sick?
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | I think people here are confusing "cook with" to mean
               | either "the fuel source to cook" or "the oil in the pan
               | to aid in cooking".
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Unfortunately, no. See also, "frying with transformer
               | oil".
        
       | generalizations wrote:
       | I remember nearly two decades ago a PopSci article about some guy
       | who figured out how to use microwaves to convert plastic (any
       | hydrocarbon) into oil and natural gas. More than enough to break
       | even. He was converting tires and waste plastic.
       | 
       | Nothing ever came of it - IIRC, ownership disputes with the
       | partner, and eventually the patent got purchased by some random
       | company and blackholed.
       | 
       | Edit: found a source. Better than popsci.
       | https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12141-giant-microwave...
        
         | anonymouse008 wrote:
         | Was it this company by chance?
         | 
         | https://www.qualitystocks.com/global-resource-corporation-in...
         | 
         | I've been looking for a 'real machine' in the wild for some
         | time now - have yet to see one.
        
           | generalizations wrote:
           | Yup, that's the one. I think the tech got blackholed pretty
           | effectively. https://archive.is/20120908120121/http://www.pop
           | sci.com/pops...
        
         | notinfuriated wrote:
         | Possibly a dumb question, but how much plastic exists in tires?
         | I figured they were mostly natural rubber. Naturally, that must
         | be outdated.
         | 
         | From my own naive Google search on "how much plastic in the
         | average tire", I see
         | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/tires...
         | says, highlighted by goog:
         | 
         | > By 1931 the U.S. chemical company DuPont had industrialized
         | the manufacturing of synthetic rubber. Today tires consist of
         | about 19 percent natural rubber and 24 percent synthetic
         | rubber, which is a plastic polymer.
        
           | generalizations wrote:
           | Interesting. Synthetic rubber is still just hydrocarbons, so
           | it would get converted back to oil/natgas just the same as
           | the rest.
        
         | numlocked wrote:
         | If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is:
         | https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_...
         | 
         | Edit: more context: the "inventor" is Frank Pringle who
         | _appears_ to have invented a number of too-good-to-be-true
         | gizmos, including one for weight loss.
         | 
         | Edit 2: also he claimed to cure cancer with microwaves (the
         | same year as the oil producing microwaves):
         | https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/-b-global-resource...
        
         | Laaas wrote:
         | I'm surprised that people didn't replicate his work in
         | countries that don't respect Western patents.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | Because there is no way it was economical.
           | 
           | This is no different than a startup founder talking about his
           | new AI crypto fund.
           | 
           | BS exists in every industry.
        
           | elromulous wrote:
           | Those countries probably don't care about recycling.
        
             | kulahan wrote:
             | If you can find an economical way to recycle plastic, it
             | would be an insanely lucrative business opportunity. It has
             | nothing to do with their views on the environment.
        
         | jp57 wrote:
         | Shouldn't it be almost out of patent by now?
        
         | csours wrote:
         | Just like the "water carburetor" and other miracles that never
         | materialized, the problem is that the alternative is cheaper
         | and simpler (which means cheaper).
         | 
         | It doesn't sound expensive to add water injection to an
         | internal combustion engine, until you have to make it work in
         | production, with end users.
         | 
         | YOU can make it work, because you are motivated, but what about
         | the guy who buys it because it's cool and then forgets to fill
         | the system. Sure it's easy to add programming to work around
         | this condition, but is it easy to integrate and test?
         | 
         | Anyway, crude oil is very, very cheap, and very easy to
         | integrate into a production process. Waste plastic in the
         | recycling stream is dirty and heterogeneous in composition and
         | size, which makes it hard to integrate into a production
         | process. Not impossible, but more expensive, which means that
         | no one will do it without outside compulsion (and maybe not
         | even then).
        
           | colordrops wrote:
           | It's only cheaper because externalities are ignored. If we
           | had proper legislation that took environmental externalities
           | into account, it might not be cheaper anymore.
        
             | diyseguy wrote:
             | Yes, couldn't they just make some government subsidies to
             | incentivize it? Then we could be rid of all the nasty
             | plastic waste that keeps finding it's way into the ocean
             | and everywhere else?
        
           | ansible wrote:
           | > _It doesn 't sound expensive to add water injection to an
           | internal combustion engine, until you have to make it work in
           | production, with end users._
           | 
           | Water / methanol injection was commonly used on various
           | piston engine aircraft in the 1940's. It had several
           | benefits, cooling the input air, preventing pre-detonation at
           | high compression (due to lower octane fuel in some cases),
           | lowering the combustion temperature, and such. It was
           | practical and worked fine for high-performance aircraft, that
           | saw regular maintenance after every flight.
           | 
           | It doesn't seem very necessary or practical for a ground
           | vehicle though.
        
             | csours wrote:
             | It was also available on early jet aircraft (and may still
             | be used by some). Here's an interesting discussion:
             | https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/36185/how-
             | does-...
             | 
             | Some people do modify their vehicles for water injection,
             | and at least one recent production car has it:
             | https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a15340747/new-
             | porsche-911-...
        
               | gonzoflip wrote:
               | Yeah, water/meth injection is pretty common mod for
               | forced induction cars to squeeze some more air in there
               | without causing detonation. People often just tap the
               | windshield washer reservoir and use that to hold the
               | meth, since windshield wiper fluid is a more diluted
               | methanol mix you can still use it for your windshield. I
               | personally don't run it because running out of meth on a
               | vehicle that is tuned for it can have disastrous
               | consequences.
        
             | folmar wrote:
             | It _is_ practical for cars, but a similar technology is
             | easier and better: Exhaust Gas Recirculation.
             | 
             | The problem of water injection is engine corrosion and
             | system maintenance. EGR further improves the exhaust gas
             | composition by burning the CO and similar not fully
             | oxidized parts. The main effect is the same, i.e. providing
             | some inert material that expands after detonation using up
             | the heat.
        
           | generalizations wrote:
           | Found some sources. See other comments.
           | 
           | > the alternative is cheaper and simpler
           | 
           | What's interesting is that it seems like the microwave
           | version _was_ the cheaper and simpler alternative. And the
           | engineering problems were apparently solved, since they were
           | building the product for their first deal, and were demoing
           | the tech to the popsci reporter who visited.
           | 
           | > Back at the shop, Pringle is still zapping new materials. A
           | sample labeled "bituminous coal" goes in and, 15 seconds
           | later, Pringle ignites the resulting gas. "You see," he says,
           | "why they might want to kill me."
        
             | anonymouse008 wrote:
             | In case anyone else is following along, a patent by Pringle
             | has had a very intriguing set of assignments.
             | 
             | Started out with the corporation by Pringle and Co in 2009,
             | rest is below:
             | 
             | 2009: GREENTECH ENERGY SOLUTIONS LTD.
             | 
             | 2010: UNIVERSAL ALTERNATIVE FUELS, INC.
             | 
             | 2011: GORTAGCH DEVELOPMENT LIMITED
             | 
             | 2015: GREENTECH ENERGY SOLUTIONS LTD.
             | 
             | Pringle also has a 2020 patent application pending that
             | references the 2006 original filing.
             | 
             | [Edit] Thank you forgot it
             | 
             | 2006: https://patents.google.com/patent/US7629497B2/ 2020:
             | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20200399541A1/en
        
               | rudyfink wrote:
               | https://patents.google.com/patent/US7629497B2/ (if anyone
               | else was looking for a link, assignment information is
               | near the bottom).
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | lvxferre wrote:
       | I have a better idea: reduce plastic consumption. I know, I know,
       | totally OC donut steel.
        
         | bradjohnson wrote:
         | I'm all for it. How do we as consumers do that in a practical
         | way?
        
       | delijati wrote:
       | If they do it via "pyrolyse" (burning plastic without oxygen)
       | there is this Quantafuel [1] doing this in "large scale".
       | 
       | [1] https://www.quantafuel.com/
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | It's pretty close to the same principles a petroleum refinery
         | operates on:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_catalytic_cracking
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Ordinary physical recycling of plastics (melt them down) runs
           | into problems because plastics get mixed and mixed with
           | contaminants and because the molecular chains get damaged and
           | break down over time.
           | 
           | There are two approaches to chemical recycling.
           | 
           | One of them is to reverse the polymerization process and
           | produce the monomer. This can be purified and used to make
           | virgin quality plastic.
           | 
           | The other one is like what you describe and produces outputs
           | similar to a petrochemical factory that can be used to make
           | all sorts of things.
           | 
           | Both of the above processes are still terribly expensive and
           | environmentally dirty but they are the subject of very active
           | research and they might get practical someday.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | 3) use the best-effort stream of materials to manufacture
             | bulk materials where a small quantity of chemicals that
             | refuse to bond to each other doesn't compromise the
             | product.
             | 
             | Those plastic park benches and decking material products
             | are using a lot of plastic to overcome statistics. But the
             | perverse incentive is that a product that uses a lot of
             | your material per consumer looks much better on paper than
             | it is in real life. Instead of twenty shirts or fifty
             | detergent bottles we made one bench, that goes to the
             | landfill when it's done because it's not cradle-to-cradle.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | SCWO (supercritical water oxidation) is pretty much only used
         | for superfund projects because of the expense of the machinery.
         | It basically burns materials in oxygenated water, turning
         | everything into water, carbon dioxide, and salts/acids.
         | 
         | The salts and acids are a problem that prevents commercial use,
         | because it turns out corrosion, heat, and pressure are the
         | 'pick two' of ceramic materials. Last I read someone was trying
         | to work around this problem by building a heat and pressure
         | optimized vessel and coating it with a corrosion (and?)
         | resistant glazing. I imagine getting the thermal expansion for
         | the two materials to be identical is a right difficult problem.
        
       | ansible wrote:
       | Sounds similar to the thermal depolymerization [1] developed by
       | companies like Changing World Technologies. [2]
       | 
       | That technology seems very promising, but they ran into a number
       | of difficulties in practice. They build a plant to process turkey
       | leftovers in Missouri, but the plant wasn't profitable, and the
       | community complained about the smell.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_depolymerization
       | 
       | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changing_World_Technologies
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I believe they started on the wrong foot. They cheaped out on
         | the welding process and so the whole system was losing pressure
         | and stinky volatiles. They had to redo their entire plumbing
         | and people still complained after they swore up and down that
         | there were no more leaks. which might be improper detection or
         | people are used to a smell and don't believe it's gone.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | I went down this rabbit hole for a bit. The only obvious issue
         | seems to be that burying (or burning if you're Swedish) plastic
         | is really, really cheap. For the turkey waste, we're already
         | good at rendering animal remains, so there just isn't a need.
        
           | ansible wrote:
           | Yes.
           | 
           | For CWT in specific, the original articles (in popular
           | science magazines like Discover or PopSci) described the
           | desire to process various kinds of plastics, much like the
           | linked article talks about. The methane would be tapped off
           | early, and used the power the production process, with the
           | end product being various kinds of oils.
           | 
           | It wasn't clear why CWT decided to pivot to processing turkey
           | waste. They were hamstrung by fluctuating prices for the
           | waste stream, that (IIRC) could be used as an input for
           | fertilizer production.
        
       | paulwilsondev wrote:
       | One step closer to Mr. Fusion!
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Love how the site ambiguate oil
        
       | quaintdev wrote:
       | So what is wrong with this? I am assuming it only takes soft
       | plastic but still why we don't see widespread use of it.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | I think the oil it produced would be worth about PS0.25 (GBP)
         | (400ml assuming the price is the same as Brent crude and
         | ignoring the cost of the input plastic or the machine itself
         | etc). But the power to run it (3kWh) would cost about PS1
         | (1GBP) at current rates at least here in the UK.
         | 
         | I might be wrong, I'm not sure whether the oil produced is
         | equivalent to Brent crude (I picked it at random) or more
         | valuable or less...
        
           | ozim wrote:
           | Still might make sense when solar/wind is at peak to make it
           | as a longer time storage? While still getting rid of plastic
           | waste.
        
             | RajT88 wrote:
             | Also makes sense in Japan (and Korea, and maybe other
             | places I don't know about), where the populace is very
             | mindful not just of making sure garbage ends up in a can,
             | but as well separating it based on the type of garbage.
             | 
             | Contrast with the US, where people decide to save a few
             | bucks a month by dumping their garbage bags along the side
             | of the road, or tossing garbage out the window of their
             | car.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | But of what use is that mystery oil? All current petroluem
             | products are highly quality controlled, both for
             | lubrication and use in engines. You didn't get rid of the
             | plastic, you converted it into a liquid which you must now
             | dispose of safely. The only upside I see is that the
             | plastic won't litter and turn into micro plastics in the
             | ocean, but since it's already collected, then burn in a
             | central plant ASAP IMHO.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | You could probably use it in a diesel engine. People
               | filter used frying oil from restaurants and run their
               | diesels on that.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Yes, you absolutely can, especially in an old diesel
               | engine, they can run on all kinds of oil. But the engine
               | might not fare well, depending on the properties of the
               | oil, and the exhaust might contain "interesting" stuff
               | like dioxins, depending on what was in the mystery
               | plastic to begin with.
        
               | ozim wrote:
               | I would say if this could be done by some utility
               | company, that company could have diesel engines to
               | generate power from that oil which could have filters and
               | all that stuff.
               | 
               | I assume it still could be profitable because people who
               | want to get rid of plastic waste would still have to pay.
               | Getting excess power from grid is also something one
               | would get paid for. Then turning on generators when grid
               | needs power to get paid when there is a power shortage.
               | 
               | But as I write this out I imagine that it would require
               | massive amounts of investments for setting up such
               | operation and getting all kind of permits or
               | environmental studies and god knows what. Let alone
               | getting deals with electric companies - so I think that
               | would be something that some electric company would have
               | to set up. They would most likely have most know-how for
               | such setup.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Meanwhile, the power company in this city burns plastic
               | (and all kinds of waste) in their co-generation plant and
               | gets electricity and residential heating.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | If you're going to burn it for electricity in a
               | stationary location, skip the middle man and burn the
               | waste itself.
        
               | stonemetal12 wrote:
               | Last I checked oil was the primary ingredient in making
               | plastic. This could be a way to recycle plastic that is
               | not recyclable by normal means.
        
               | smcg wrote:
               | plastic is a byproduct of the petroleum production
               | process.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Much of the feedstock for plastic is from natural gas,
               | not from oil. Fracked gas in particular has a lot of
               | ethane, which is converted to ethylene and then to
               | polyethylene. The rise of fracked gas in the US caused PE
               | production to move here.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | > But of what use is that mystery oil?
               | 
               | You can probably power the next few runs of the machine
               | with it.
        
             | newyankee wrote:
             | The key may be economically transporting the waste plastic
             | as feedstock. Guess it may be much more expensive. Even
             | assuming 5 cents/ kwh of solar this makes economic sense as
             | storage system otherwise. I presume in the future we have
             | autonomous robots that clean the cities of plastic and feed
             | it to such machines which run on surplus renewable energy
        
               | ozim wrote:
               | You still have people paying for their waste disposal, so
               | I would assume transport cost should be covered by that.
        
           | t00 wrote:
           | When running on spare hydro, wind or solar power which cannot
           | be accumulated or returned to grid, it can have some uses.
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | I'm not sure the economics works on something like that.
             | Once you buy all the equipment, employees, and commercial
             | buildings, it simply isn't going to be profitable to only
             | run your factory 10% of the time (How often does solar
             | power go wasted? Not actually sure).
             | 
             | Maybe it would work if this was only one step in a larger
             | processes. When energy is free, use it to make a ton of
             | this crude oil and then process the crude with less energy
             | intensive methods when electricity is expensive.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | If this is a thermal process, then intermittent cheap
               | energy can be stored in thermal masses (firebrick, for
               | example) much more cheaply than in batteries, and the
               | heat used later. That way that later stage can be kept
               | operating more continuously.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | More worth than crude. Crude also needs processing. The
           | output from this bench processor is probably somewhere around
           | the red fraction here:
           | 
           | https://petroleumservicecompany.com/blog/oil-
           | barrel-42-gallo...
        
             | LatteLazy wrote:
             | Thanks!
        
         | headcanon wrote:
         | I would imagine that its not economically viable at scale.
         | First, it might be too energy-intensive for the value of the
         | end product, and second, the plastic you can get is still the
         | plastic that you're able to separate from trash, which it might
         | be better to just recycle it normally. These are just peanut-
         | gallery guesses though, I don't know for sure.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | The very small scale ensures it isn't economical.
         | 
         | If thermal decomposition of plastic is to be worthwhile, it
         | would be on the scale of oil refineries (which it would likely
         | resemble.)
         | 
         | It might be worthwhile to separate plastics now, not for
         | conversion now, but to stockpile for later processing by this
         | or other means. Just put the stuff in plastics-only landfills
         | designed to ease later mining. Fixed carbon will be more
         | valuable after fossil fuel use ends.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | wheels wrote:
         | I'm guessing the answer is, "Because you can already burn the
         | plastic directly." Presumably burning this oil would have the
         | same levels of pollution as burning the plastic in the first
         | place, but also takes extra energy to produce.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | Other than if you have a Mr Fusion you can't run a car off of
           | solid plastics. But, I assume some additional steps are
           | required to make it usable. The site doesn't detail the
           | possible uses of the the oil, but generally liquids and
           | solids can be used in different situations. The oil could
           | also be used as lubricant rather than an energy source.
        
             | SigmundA wrote:
             | An electric car can, in my area they burn garbage for
             | electricity:
             | 
             | https://pinellas.gov/waste-to-energy-facility/
        
             | luxoramonrising wrote:
             | Flammable lubes are a big no no
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | They don't detail much about the properties of the oil
               | produced
        
             | naravara wrote:
             | I don't know if most households have enough use for
             | lubricants to be able to consume a quantity equivalent to
             | 80% of the volume of plastics they're disposing of. My door
             | hinges and bike-chains can only be so smooth. Even if it
             | was converting it into usable motor-oil (which I doubt it
             | is) I don't think I could consume that much.
             | 
             | I suppose if it's usable for a kerosine type of lamp maybe,
             | but is it pure enough to not present respiratory issues?
             | And why would I need a kerosine lamp?
        
               | jhoechtl wrote:
               | Many people still have ICE cars, you left that
               | intentionally out?
        
               | naravara wrote:
               | I mentioned motor oil
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | No way I'm trusting oil made from random household waste
               | plastic as the primary lubricant in my car engine. What
               | are the lubricating properties? What are the breakdown
               | characteristics? High temperature resilience? Presumably
               | it would vary by batch. You are just begging for a seized
               | engine.
        
               | finnh wrote:
               | Airplanes run off kerosene, so that's a sizeable market
               | if this fuel is good enough
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | No chance the FAA lets people use homemade recycled
               | plastic oil in their turbojet engines. Jet turbines are
               | very tolerant of different fuels, but this is a bridge
               | too far.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | Yeah I don't think it's the next Nespresso and they
               | probably need to detail the use cases better. But I can
               | see this useful in a machinist shop that might have a lot
               | of waste plastic from packing materials etc.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | Also, plastics can contain all sorts of nasty toxic
           | surprises. Better to burn it at a centralized location with
           | proper filtering and treatment than having little batches or
           | mystery oil of varying quality and toxicity.
        
             | AuthorizedCust wrote:
             | > _Better to burn it at a centralized location with proper
             | filtering and treatment than having little batches or
             | mystery oil of varying quality and toxicity._
             | 
             | If we can assure that the output meets a standard should we
             | burn it, then certainly we should be able to assure the
             | output meets a standard should we refine/convert it.
        
               | mrpopo wrote:
               | It is more efficient to burn it, generate electricity and
               | charge a EV battery with it, than it is to convert it to
               | fuel (consumes energy) and burn it in an internal
               | combustion engine (very low efficiency due to small
               | scale).
        
               | beanjuice wrote:
               | And the conversion of plastic into oil will have cost
               | much more energy, producing the same pollution in the
               | end.
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | Since this consumes electricity, the energy need could be
               | filled by running the converter at peak hours for
               | renewable energy, so effectively soak up excess energy to
               | recover oil that's already out of the ground. Which would
               | be a net win in terms of energy, possibly even
               | financially depending on the investment costs for that
               | device. Assuming it even holds up to the promises.
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | But at least we save some landfill space. Also micro-
               | plastics contamination is everywhere.
        
               | AuthorizedCust wrote:
               | In the USA, landfill space concerns are based on a hoax.
               | Landfill space is a function of landfill development, and
               | there's no shortage of spaces to create landfills.
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | I am not talking about running out of space in general. I
               | am talking about taking a hill covered with trees or
               | farms, and turning it into a hill of garbage. Surely you
               | can see why I would prefer a natural hill?
               | 
               | If you can burn it, there is no point in burring it.
               | We're still taking a lot of stuff from underground and
               | burn it for energy, why not burn the stuff we already
               | have above ground?
        
               | jnovek wrote:
               | Landfills amortize the carbon emissions. Keeping the
               | plastic's carbon temporarily sequestered in a landfill
               | puts it somewhere other than the atmosphere. Eventually
               | we'll have to do something with all that carbon, but
               | we're better off burying it until we get a better handle
               | on emissions in general.
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | You would be right, IF we were to not take out any other
               | fossil fuel to burn. But to bury the plastic now it just
               | means we will dig for an equivalent quantity of coal, oil
               | or gas to burn. We will burn some stuff regardless, we
               | might as well burn what we already have, instead of
               | burying it and digging for new stuff.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | You can still burry the soot after you burned the
               | plastic.
        
               | ac29 wrote:
               | Most of the carbon is going to end up as CO2 in the air,
               | though.
        
               | matmatmatmat wrote:
               | Unless you capture it, as Amsterdam has been doing.
        
               | LarryMullins wrote:
               | CO2 capture is a scam, perpetrated by the petroleum
               | industry to make people think it's okay to burn more
               | fossil fuels.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | You don't need to burn it in an open field ...
               | 
               | You can used a closed system so that the waste is
               | actually all captured. Or you can have a more continuous
               | system that'll capture/scrub the output.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | All these processes best done in centralized plants with
               | quality controls, not in bench processors.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | It's much easier to purify the burning waste products
               | than raw trash. It is much less varied.
        
           | osigurdson wrote:
           | I don't believe plastic burning is a widespread energy
           | source.
        
             | mrpopo wrote:
             | Japan and I believe Singapore burn most of their plastic in
             | incinerators to generate electricity. Coincidentally they
             | are also among the highest plastic waste producers per
             | capita.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | Korea, Taiwan, and Switzerland are similar.
        
             | elil17 wrote:
             | It happens in waste-to-energy power plants (a.k.a garbage
             | power plants). They can be a great way to get rid of waste
             | but they require a lot of filtering of the exhaust to be
             | safe. Adequate filtering is universal in some countries
             | (like Sweden). In the USA, waste-to-energy plants
             | frequently have inadequate filtering, which can make them
             | dirtier than coal plants.
        
               | jhoechtl wrote:
               | > In the USA, waste-to-energy plants frequently have
               | inadequate filtering, which can make them dirtier than
               | coal plants.
               | 
               | Source? With EPA being so rigid about diesel cars it
               | would doubt that. Unless the whole regulation was about
               | keeping german car manufacturers in cheque...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | cassepipe wrote:
               | Do you know if they have to reach a certain temperature ?
               | I would think so because I assumme garbage produces a lot
               | of fumes and gases that would better off burned for
               | energy rather that ending in the air. On the other end I
               | wonder what kind of temperature you can get with a
               | dumpster fire
        
             | acidioxide wrote:
             | In my city there is an incineration plant which produces
             | about 94 GWh of electricity a year, covering 11% of city's
             | needs.
        
           | kortex wrote:
           | I imagine it's easier to purify the oil and burn the oil with
           | high efficiency, than to burn solid garbage and filter the
           | flue gas.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | Presumably the noxious byproducts are released during the
             | oil recycling process? It would explain where all of that
             | missing mass went. But if this is the case you'll still
             | need to filter the gas so there is little benefit.
        
       | coding123 wrote:
       | 3.5kwh to run
        
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