[HN Gopher] Pirate Weather: A free, open, and documented forecas...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Pirate Weather: A free, open, and documented forecast API
        
       Author : calebegg
       Score  : 1054 points
       Date   : 2023-01-10 19:15 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (pirateweather.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (pirateweather.net)
        
       | hectormalot wrote:
       | I've used https://open-meteo.com/ before and I think it's the
       | same type of open data being exposed.
       | 
       | These types of projects are great for stuff like home automation.
       | I'm using to to improve my predictions for power generation (PV)
       | and consumption (heat pump). Planning to is ergst to optimize
       | home battery charging in the future.
       | 
       | (Disclaimer; open sourced a small go library for open meteo, but
       | otherwise not affiliated)
        
         | meteo-jeff wrote:
         | Hi, creator of open-meteo.com here! I am using a more wide
         | range of weather models to better cover Europe, Northern Africa
         | and Asia. North America is covered as well with GFS+HRRR and
         | even weather models from the Canadian weather service.
         | 
         | In contrast to pirate weather, I am using compressed local
         | files to more easily run API nodes, without getting a huge AWS
         | bill. Compression is especially important for large historical
         | weather datasets like ERA5 or the 10 km version ERA5-Land.
         | 
         | Let me know if you have any questions!
        
           | ehaughee wrote:
           | open-meteo.com looks awesome. I've been messing around
           | writing a snow forecast app for skiing/snowboarding for a
           | while now and the main thing I'm missing is historical
           | snowfall data. Do these data sources exist in a machine
           | readable format and I've just not been able to find them? If
           | so, would you ever consider adding precip + kind of precip to
           | your historical API?
        
             | meteo-jeff wrote:
             | Snowfall is already available in the historical weather
             | API. Because the resolution is fairly limited for long term
             | weather reanalysis data, snow analysis for single mountains
             | slopes/peaks may not be that accurate.
             | 
             | If you only want to analyse the weeks to get the date of
             | last snowfall and how much power might be there, use the
             | forecast API and the "past_days" parameter to get a
             | continuous time-series of past high-resolution weather
             | forecasts.
        
       | datalus wrote:
       | I found this old blog article at a high level on how Dark Sky
       | works... about 12 years old now. I always loved this app and was
       | kind of sad when Apple acquired them... but to have Apple come in
       | and just buy your app out is probably a great feeling for the
       | founders :)
       | 
       | Anyhow, here's the url:
       | 
       | https://jackadam.github.io/2011/how-dark-sky-works
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | This is fascinating, thank you for sharing! What is even more
         | amazing about Dark Sky is that they did this in 2011, when a
         | lot of the tools I have access to now didn't exist. For Pirate
         | Weather, I avoid working with radar data at all, instead using
         | the 15-minute forecast that the HRRR model provides
        
           | azinman2 wrote:
           | Why avoid radar data?
        
       | metadat wrote:
       | Is there a decent free weather app for Android or iOS which
       | doesn't have ads and / or unnecessary tracking?
       | 
       | Would be cool if Pirate Weather could serve as the foundation for
       | such a thing.
        
         | Tempest1981 wrote:
         | WeaWow is good. Donation-supported.
        
           | metadat wrote:
           | Wow, thanks for the quick reply and info, Tempest1981!
           | Cheers.
        
         | oindividuo wrote:
         | There is also yr.no, it has many details and looks great
        
       | ushakov wrote:
       | The tech diagram on AWS is insane. This is what I call vendor
       | lock-in porn
       | 
       | I'm wondering how much your monthly bill is?
        
         | gen220 wrote:
         | Which part is insane?
         | 
         | Put another way, how would you implement this without self-
         | managing pieces like nginx/apache, rabbitmq/kafka, or mongodb
         | on a compute instance?
         | 
         | The pieces of managed infra they're depending on are all pretty
         | interchangeable from one cloud provider to another. It's not
         | the cheapest way to solve the problem if you discount the cost
         | of management, upgrades, etc. But if you factor those costs in,
         | it's quite competitive.
        
           | ushakov wrote:
           | I would go to cloud providers, which can offer me managed
           | rabbitmq, kafka or mongodb
           | 
           | Certainly, I wouldn't get any vendor-specific services like
           | Lambda or SNS (in this example)
        
             | aequitas wrote:
             | The Lambda functions will just be running your business
             | logic code. Only specific part Lambda provides is the glue.
             | Which is easy to replace with any other cloud or self
             | hosted alternative.
        
               | alexander0042 wrote:
               | The the end of the day, the real reason I went with
               | Lambda to build this is that when I started, I didn't
               | know anything about spinning up a server, building a
               | storage array, or serving an web request. But what I did
               | know was how to write a Python script to extract weather
               | data from a file. The really cool thing about some of
               | these cloud tools is that they let me ignore all of those
               | (very difficult) problems and just focus on the data
        
               | aequitas wrote:
               | Exactly what the cloud is best used for imho. You can
               | focus on your core problems and still shift to a
               | different solution later on when that becomes more
               | effective cost wise.
               | 
               | But still, when I first started in AWS we had lift and
               | shift'ed most of our platform onto AWS and when it came
               | to adding new features I first looked at Lambda instead
               | of building out on the existing platform. The speed at
               | which I could setup the feature and start measuring and
               | iterating on it was so much better compared to doing it
               | on our existing platform. Even though that was pretty
               | ironed out and fully automated.
        
               | jftuga wrote:
               | Where is your lamda_handler defined? I searched your
               | repos but could not find it.
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | This is like the 5th iteration of that darn diagram, and I
         | still can't quite get it right. The other comments are correct,
         | the underlying setup isn't that complicated, and it wouldn't be
         | too tricky to build it for another cloud, since all that's
         | really happening is a Python script reading a NetCDF file. The
         | real perk to building everything using a server-less approach
         | was that everything scaled down to 1 user (me), and then has
         | scaled up beautifully as more people have signed up.
         | 
         | The monthly bill isn't great, but has been manageable through
         | donations so far. I'm handling about 10 million API calls/
         | month, so lots of Lambda invocations, but they're all
         | thankfully very short with tiny outbound data transfer totals,
         | and luckily inbound is free. If the costs ever get out of hand
         | is to throttle the request rate down, but there's still a few
         | optimizations I can do on the AWS side that should help (ARM
         | here I come!).
        
           | QuinnyPig wrote:
           | Want me to take a gander at it? This is a project I'd love to
           | see thrive.
        
         | shepherdjerred wrote:
         | This is a pretty standard looking diagram. It probably isn't
         | very expensive to run.
         | 
         | AWS diagrams are pretty intimidating until you've built a few
         | things with several AWS services.
         | 
         | The benefit is that a lot of maintenance work is taken care of
         | for you, and your costs can be low if you don't need a lot of
         | compute.
        
         | jacurtis wrote:
         | I am an Infrastructure Architect (aka "Cloud Architect") so I
         | design cloud systems like this on the daily. The "vendor lock-
         | in" argument always makes me laugh. Its the #1 thing I hear all
         | day long.
         | 
         | This diagram is actually pretty simple. It looks worse than it
         | is. All it uses are Lambdas (serverless functions), S3 buckets
         | (object storage), and SNS (broadcast/push queues). There
         | appears to be one traditional server in there with EFS, which
         | is just an elastic file system.
         | 
         | All of these systems have equivalents in all the major cloud
         | providers. So if the builder of this wanted to move to GCP or
         | Azure, they are not really locked to AWS. This can all be built
         | in another cloud.
         | 
         | Now, could you do it in a day? No. Assuming they are building
         | it with Infrastructure as Code (such as Terraform) then they
         | would need to convert the provider and change resource blocks.
         | But this akin to refactoring in a codebase. Its work, but its
         | not terribly difficult. Then they point it to their new cloud
         | and run `terraform apply`.
         | 
         | There is almost no way to entirely remove vendor lock-in. The
         | closest you could come is by designing everything yourself on
         | bare metal servers and renting those from a cloud provider. So
         | instead of using a managed queue system, you run some sort of
         | messaging queue on the server. Then you host files on the
         | server's filesystem, and you run the "lambdas" as applications
         | on the server. But that almost causes more headaches than you
         | save or solve for.
         | 
         | I look at Cloud Providers as similar to cell phone providers. I
         | know people who live in fear of being locked into a contract
         | with Verizon or something. But really, what are you going to
         | do? You will always need a cell phone. The only other real
         | choice is AT&T or maybe Sprint/TMobile. How often are you
         | really going to switch and what are you really gaining by doing
         | so? Energy spent worrying about being "locked in" to a cloud
         | vendor is energy wasted. Yeah you can move from AWS to Azure or
         | GCP. But that's about it. What do you gain by switching?
         | Probably almost nothing. They are all pretty comparable at this
         | point in reliability, features, and price (GCP is the slight
         | laggard here, but not by much). If Google calls your company
         | and offers you a huge discount to switch, you could still do
         | it. Aside from that, there's minimal incentive to do so.
         | 
         | There are a few weird services that AWS has for example that
         | might be considered "lock-in" services. This would be things
         | like AWS Snowball or AWS Groundstation. These don't have
         | comparable systems on other platforms. In the case of Snowball
         | you probably have so much data on AWS that just transferring
         | data would take months (or even years) which could be
         | considered a form of lock-in.
         | 
         | tl;dr - This is a very tame arch diagram. A few lambdas, s3
         | buckets, and messaging queues, all of which have comparable
         | services on all major clouds. There isn't significant vendor
         | lock-in, this could be rebuilt fairly easily (assuming they
         | used IaC) on any major cloud provider.
        
           | ushakov wrote:
           | Hello
           | 
           | > This diagram is actually pretty simple
           | 
           | The diagram looks like an ad
           | 
           | > All it uses are Lambdas (serverless functions), S3 buckets
           | (object storage), and SNS (broadcast/push queues)
           | 
           | Do you actually _need_ all of this or do you use it because
           | Amazon tells you to? I know for instance you cannot use
           | Amazon SES without also using S3 and Lambda
           | 
           | > So if the builder of this wanted to move to GCP or Azure,
           | they are not really locked to AWS. This can all be built in
           | another cloud
           | 
           | You're saying that I cannot move to other cloud provider
           | without my existing code becoming useless?
           | 
           | > Assuming they are building it with Infrastructure as Code
           | (such as Terraform) then they would need to convert the
           | provider and change resource blocks
           | 
           | What about the data pipelines and business logic?
           | 
           | > There is almost no way to entirely remove vendor lock-in
           | 
           | There is: avoiding vendor-specific APIs altogether
           | 
           | > Closest you could come is by designing everything yourself
           | on bare metal servers and renting those from a cloud provider
           | 
           | I don't have to. There are things like Railway, Fly.io,
           | PlanetScale, Supabase, Upstash, Minio, which can work without
           | locking me in
           | 
           | > What do you gain by switching?
           | 
           | Freedom
           | 
           | > There isn't significant vendor lock-in, this could be
           | rebuilt fairly easily (assuming they used IaC) on any major
           | cloud provider
           | 
           | You are contradicting yourself
        
             | manigandham wrote:
             | > _" I know for instance you cannot use Amazon SES without
             | also using S3 and Lambda"_
             | 
             | You can absolutely use SES without S3 and Lambda. I've used
             | it many times in various projects.
        
               | ushakov wrote:
               | Not on the receiving side
               | 
               | https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ses/latest/dg/receiving-
               | email-co...
        
               | nicwolff wrote:
               | As that page makes clear, SES can hand off incoming mail
               | to a Lambda, or to S3 - or to SNS which can deliver it to
               | any HTTP endpoint, or e-mail address, or text it to your
               | phone for that matter.
        
               | manigandham wrote:
               | What do you expect SES to do with your mail after
               | receiving it? S3 and Lambda are optional delivery
               | locations, amongst other choices.
        
               | jacurtis wrote:
               | Exactly this. It receives the email, now what? You need
               | to run some code on it and so the way to do that is one
               | of the compute services. AWS isn't forcing you to do
               | anything here.
               | 
               | 99.9% of SES users I promise are only sending mail
               | anyway. You aren't forced to have Lambdas or anything
               | else to send mail.
        
             | jacurtis wrote:
             | Wow, I struck a nerve. I'm happy to address these points
             | however.
             | 
             | > The diagram looks like an ad
             | 
             | Lol, Its an architecture diagram. You could swap the AWS-
             | specific icons for generic ones I suppose, and it wouldn't
             | change anything. It is fulfilling its purpose of explaining
             | how all the services connect together to deliver the
             | product. Just because it is an AWS Lambda icon doesn't mean
             | you couldn't make it an Azure Function icon instead and
             | perform the same goal. You're just too focused on hating
             | AWS here to see the forest through the trees.
             | 
             | > Do you actually need all of this or do you use it because
             | Amazon tells you to? I know for instance you cannot use
             | Amazon SES without also using S3 and Lambda
             | 
             | This is just a standard event-driven architecture. There's
             | really nothing exciting to see here. Data comes in, it gets
             | stored somewhere (S3), that triggers an event (SNS), a
             | compute service (lambda in this case, but could be
             | anything, even a standard VM, bare metal or anything else)
             | picks up the task and processes it or performs a job on the
             | data and stores it, it triggers another event, something
             | else picks it up, and so forth. This isn't an AWS design,
             | its just an event driven architecture design and this is
             | how they work.
             | 
             | SES can be used standalone. It doesn't require Lambda or S3
             | like you postulate. There are only a few times AWS requires
             | something else and its usually Cloudwatch or S3 and these
             | will sometimes be the destinations required for specific
             | types of logging or auditing and so forth.
             | 
             | AWS is forcing you to do nothing here. The creator chose
             | this stuff. But I assume they chose it to keep it free.
             | Most of this will survive under the free tier until the
             | project becomes massive. If it inches over the free tier,
             | it will still be cheap. That's probably the incentive for a
             | lot of this.
             | 
             | > You're saying that I cannot move to other cloud provider
             | without my existing code becoming useless?
             | 
             | Correct your code is your code. Think about a lambda. In
             | this scenario data comes from NOAA and is put in a bucket.
             | You write a serverless function that takes that data out of
             | the bucket, reformats the NOAA data into your proprietary
             | format and puts it in another bucket. The code that does
             | that is written in Go, Python, C++, Java, or whatever you
             | want. If written correctly, it accepts data, processes it,
             | and outputs it. So if you move to another cloud provider
             | your code would still work. It might run in an Azure
             | Function instead of an AWS Lambda, but that doesn't matter.
             | Your code does the same thing you don't need to throw it
             | out.
             | 
             | > What about the data pipelines and business logic?
             | 
             | Hard to say without more information. But its possible BI
             | dashboards need to be changed to point to the new service
             | and stuff like that. Sure. Again, you're not switching
             | clouds in an afternoon. But the point its the next cloud
             | system is eerily similar. Its not like you have to rebuild,
             | it would be more of a refactor.
             | 
             | > There is: avoiding vendor-specific APIs altogether
             | 
             | Possibly. But if built correctly your code doesn't need to
             | be aware of the environment it is in. But there might be
             | cases where you interact with the services directly, like
             | downloading from S3. This would change with the next
             | provider possibly (although most actually have
             | S3-compatible APIs). But most of your application will not
             | directly interact with the cloud, it will interact with the
             | services. So for example you use RDS to host a managed
             | Postgres db, but your application is just interacting with
             | postgres, not AWS here. But you're right there might be
             | some scenarios that use vendor-specific APIs.
             | 
             | > I don't have to. There are things like Railway, Fly.io,
             | PlanetScale, Supabase, Upstash, Minio, which can work
             | without locking me in
             | 
             | I fail to see how these are any different than tying
             | yourself to a product like S3 or Lambda. In many ways,
             | these solutions are TRUE vendor lock-in, with all the
             | vendor specific APIs that you live in fear of. Fly.io is a
             | PaaS, which is going to be way harder to move away from
             | than switching from AWS to Azure. PlanetScale, Minio, and
             | Upstash are literally no different than equivalent products
             | in AWS/GCP/Azure. I guess you could host the instance that
             | runs these products ondifferent clouds and it would be the
             | same, but you're still tying yourself to something. The
             | risk of tying yourself to a startup is higher than tying
             | yourself to Amazon/Microsoft/Google. You're trading one
             | evil for another, in most ways you are actually losing
             | freedom with these not gaining it.
             | 
             | > You are contradicting yourself
             | 
             | My point is that there isn't as much vendor lock-in that
             | people fear. Yes it exists, but don't live your life in
             | fear of it. Yes you would need to refactor stuff here and
             | there. But the same architecture diagram we saw for AWS is
             | basically the same one that would exist in Azure or GCP.
             | The underlying tools don't change. The marketing names and
             | logos change, which clearly bothers you, but the underlying
             | system doesn't change.
        
               | alexander0042 wrote:
               | You clearly know way more about cloud implementations
               | than I do, so I really appreciate the time you took to
               | explain that out! Since I am the dev here though, the one
               | things I can confirm is that you're 100% correct about
               | the setup methodology- almost every decision was based on
               | "how can I do this in a way that's cost effective". In
               | particular, the underlying data was already on AWS, so it
               | just made sense to build it there.
               | 
               | I think one thing that gets lost in discussion is the
               | advantages of serverless approaches for people without a
               | ton of technical background. I built 90% of this without
               | knowing anything about servers or APIs, but the cloud
               | tools (from whoever) let me ignore all of that and just
               | write a bunch of Python scripts that do cool things. I
               | know it ends up sounding a bit like an AWS ad (I wish I
               | was sponsored by them, but am not), but there really are
               | perks to the approach
        
             | kempbellt wrote:
             | Also a cloud engineer. I use a similar setup professionally
             | and for various personal projects.
             | 
             | For someone who isn't familiar with standing up cloud
             | resources the diagram can look overwhelming but once you
             | play around with AWS for a bit, most of the resources you
             | see are fairly boilerplate.
             | 
             | VPC is essentially just setting up a virtual LAN for your
             | resources. S3 is being used as an API mediator to NOAA.
             | CloudFront is a CDN for your API Gateway. Lambdas run your
             | logic. API Gateway triages api requests to lambdas, and a
             | couple other services act as mediators.
             | 
             | There is _some_ vender lock-in in that everything here is
             | built on AWS, but all the major cloud providers have
             | similar /equivalent services. If you decided to move to GCP
             | or Azure you could probably move the entire stack in a few
             | days (maybe more depending on how much your lambdas use AWS
             | specific internal APIs).
             | 
             | If vendor lock-in is a really big concern for you, you can
             | run everything on an EC2 instance running Ubuntu instead.
             | That way you can just spin up your service on another
             | Ubuntu instance in another datacenter, or locally, or
             | whatever.
             | 
             | Soooo, yes. There is some vendor lock-in here, but not
             | much.
             | 
             | To answer your cost question. I run a very similar setup
             | for personal projects and I rarely exceed AWS's free tier
             | for most services. On a high-usage month it's around $85.
             | It isn't super optimized. I could make it cheaper and
             | nearly free if I put in the work.
             | 
             | That said, cost for a service like this scales very
             | proportionally to usage. For example, AWS API Gateway can
             | process 1 million requests for free before they start
             | asking you for money. If the service becomes super popular
             | we'd likely see the "Buy me a coffee" button promoted a
             | little more and eventually you may see a paid tier as an
             | option, but as it is, it's probably pretty affordable to
             | run.
        
               | alexander0042 wrote:
               | I'm the dev behind this, and really appreciate all the
               | insight from actual cloud professionals! Your guess here
               | is spot on, I designed it so that I could more or less
               | fit in the free tier with exactly one user, with costs
               | scaling pretty linearly afterwards. There are a few more
               | optimizations I could do, but it's honestly pretty
               | impressive how much traffic (I'm at about 10 million
               | calls/ month) can be (somewhat) cheaply handled using AWS
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | Easy enough to move to other clouds if it was defined in
         | something like terraform or even cloudformation. Could even
         | move out of the cloud to your own bare metal services pretty
         | easily, since the various components are so well defined. AWS
         | makes the most sense though as stated in the docs because a lot
         | of the data being processed is in S3, and reading data from S3
         | inside of most AWS services is free.
        
         | manigandham wrote:
         | It's rather simple, just messy to look at. It's a timer that
         | triggers a cluster that processes raw data files and uploads
         | the JSON to a server with a reliable file system. Then a Lambda
         | function processes API requests to read that JSON and serve a
         | response.
         | 
         | "Lock-in" is just a trade-off like any other engineering
         | decision, same as what programming language or API schema you
         | choose. AWS is massive and reliable, and these services are
         | cheap and widely available so I don't see much of an issue
         | here.
        
       | ourmandave wrote:
       | How does this differ from NOAA weather.gov api?
       | 
       | https://www.weather.gov/documentation/services-web-api
       | 
       | Or is this a friendlier overlay of their interface?
        
         | cantaloupe wrote:
         | Under "Weather Sources"
         | 
         | > All weather data comes from the AWS open data program
         | https://registry.opendata.aws/collab/noaa/. This is a fantastic
         | program, since it is more reliable than the NOAA distribution,
         | and means there are no data transfer changes!
        
         | maliker wrote:
         | A friendly overlay is definitely valuable. The NOAA APIs are
         | super confusing and badly documented.
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | Good question! It's the same underlying models, but three key
         | differences: 1. Pirate Weather returns data following the Dark
         | Sky syntax, as opposed to the custom NWS format. 2. Pirate
         | Weather has global coverage, the NWS API is only for the US. 3.
         | The NWS one uses human forecasters to come up with their
         | forecasts, compared to Pirate Weather's use of raw model
         | results.
        
           | earthscienceman wrote:
           | Only on HN would the NWS format be described as 'custom'.
        
             | vermilingua wrote:
             | Only in the US would you assume your govt's format is
             | 'default'.
        
               | tjohns wrote:
               | I think the implication was more that _any_ government
               | meteorological office 's format is the default over a
               | small private company.
               | 
               | Especially since this API is repackaging output from the
               | NWS's GFS model output.
        
               | earthscienceman wrote:
               | Yeah. And the follow up snark comment about it being an
               | American thing. It is literally the file format specified
               | for this type of data, globally. As outlined by the World
               | Meteorological Organization (WMO) decades ago. It's
               | widely supported and parseable. Making a web API that
               | parses GRIB data is trivial. It's not some esoteric
               | thing. You can open the files in python on any modern
               | computer+OS.
        
               | seb1204 wrote:
               | So what is different or better in the Dark Sky syntax?
        
             | hnarn wrote:
             | I know literally nothing about weather data
             | standardization, but if the format was -- for the sake of
             | argument -- unique to the US for example and another more
             | popular format was used either internationally or de-facto
             | by third parties, I'd say it qualifies as a "custom"
             | format.
        
               | earthscienceman wrote:
               | Quite the opposite. It's literally the global format that
               | nearly everyone in the world provides data in.
        
       | Dentrax wrote:
       | This is really cool! Can't wait to try. But I'm getting:
       | "Exceeded daily email limit." during sign-up.
        
       | byhemechi wrote:
       | appears to pretty much US only, unfortunately. it's -5 where i am
       | right now, but this claims that it is actually -17 (a very big
       | difference)
        
       | DrBenCarson wrote:
       | @OP you've exceeded your daily cognito limit
        
       | waynecochran wrote:
       | I like having an open API. Every weather site eventually becomes
       | trash as it is loaded with obnoxious ads. Maybe the answer it
       | just to have numerous weather front ends.
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | It's a real issue, that's why I made my own! The beauty of an
         | open source one is that if things start to go off the rails,
         | someone else could also pick up and recreate the data source
        
       | davchana wrote:
       | I usually use forecase.weather.gov They provide a nice textual
       | weather page, with English, for next 7 or 8 days [1]. But it is
       | tiring to open 3 or 4 bookmarks, so I thought to consume that as
       | json & make a single page html app with ajax requests. Its still
       | in progress, I spent few minutes yesterday. The surprising thing
       | was (I was ready to fetch the html text & parse it, difficult), I
       | simply changed one parameter to JSON & I got json [2]. I didn't
       | find any easy to find documentation about json endpoint. My plan
       | is to have city abbreviations on top in horizontal menu, then
       | each click fetches json, puts it into div below.
       | 
       | 1.
       | https://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=37.78&lon=-122...
       | 
       | 2.
       | https://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=37.98&lon=-120...
        
         | vel0city wrote:
         | That is cool the web front end exposes itself as JSON as well,
         | good tip.
         | 
         | FWIW, they also have a pretty decent API. Its based around
         | zones though, which you'd need to look up. So from that lat and
         | lon, you'd get the zone from:
         | 
         | https://api.weather.gov/points/37.7827,-120.38
         | 
         | Using the zone information, you can get to a forecast:
         | 
         | https://api.weather.gov/gridpoints/STO/72,24/forecast
         | 
         | If you're wanting the current observations, you'd pick a
         | station for that grid such as MOUC1 and go to its
         | observations/latest endpoint:
         | 
         | https://api.weather.gov/stations/MOUC1/observations/latest
         | 
         | The API is in a JSON-LD format so its got a lot of links to
         | related topics in the actual JSON payload. Looking at the JSON
         | can make it somewhat easy to feel out what you need. The
         | documentation is here:
         | 
         | https://www.weather.gov/documentation/services-web-api
        
       | gkoberger wrote:
       | This is awesome! If you want to use ReadMe for free for your
       | docs, just email me (my email's in my profile) and I can hook ya
       | up!
        
       | WoodenChair wrote:
       | Awesome, but it's not yet got the text summary feature, which
       | curiously is also missing from Apple's official Dark Sky
       | replacement, WeatherKit:
       | 
       | https://developer.apple.com/documentation/weatherkitrestapi
       | 
       | I created the start of a Python wrapper for WeatherKit, if anyone
       | is interested in helping with that effort:
       | 
       | https://github.com/davecom/PyWeatherKit
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Related discussion about Merry Sky, a Dark Sky replacement built
       | on this
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34155191
        
       | NoboruWataya wrote:
       | > Why "PirateWeather"? I've always thought that the HRRR model
       | was pronounced the same way as the classic pirate "ARRR". Also,
       | there is one company out there that thinks APIs can be
       | copyrighted, which might apply here.
       | 
       | This answers the first question I had upon seeing the name, which
       | was, is it free, open, documented _and legal_? Based on the above
       | the answer seems to be  "probably".
       | 
       | Very commendable effort, and I hope the project can last. It
       | seems to be very difficult to maintain a free and reliable
       | weather API so hopefully the dev is not biting off more than he
       | can chew.
        
         | kxrm wrote:
         | > is it free, open, documented _and legal_?
         | 
         | I think it says something that we live in a world where NOAA
         | data could be seen as an underground or less than legal means
         | of getting the weather.
         | 
         | Perhaps AccuWeather has been successful in their campaign to
         | keep free weather data as obscure as possible.
        
           | wallfacer120 wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | bonestamp2 wrote:
           | I wish the NOAA API was reliable. I'd pay for it if they
           | could make it reliable (and they could probably make it
           | reliable if they charged for it).
        
           | qup wrote:
           | I think it's more about it having "pirate" in the name that
           | makes one question its legality.
        
             | aliqot wrote:
             | Perhaps the author has a peg leg, a parrot, or a penchant
             | for API plunder.
        
               | 867-5309 wrote:
               | or they charge $3.14k/hr
        
               | aliqot wrote:
               | great, now that song is stuck in my head all day long.
               | well played.
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | I'm the dev behind this, so always great to hear things like
         | this! I really struggled to try to come up with a name. My
         | first thought was "Bright Ground" (opposite of Dark Sky), but
         | that seemed a little too on the nose. Luckily, the legal aspect
         | of this (I'm in the clear!) was pretty well settled after the
         | final Oracle v. Google case, but at the time was a big enough
         | deal that it seemed relevant, and the HRRR model was another
         | plus. I should update that README though, since it's now very
         | definitely legal!
        
           | calebegg wrote:
           | Lol I named my version "Bright Earth" as an opposition to
           | dark sky (brightearth.app)
        
             | wumms wrote:
             | Error after receiving permission to get location:
             | 
             | Firefox:                 brightearth.app:6:4322
             | XML Parsing Error: mismatched tag. Expected: </input>.
             | Location: https://brightearth.app/         Line Number 6,
             | Column 4322: 2            fetchWeather.ts:31:31
             | Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: l.querySelector(...) is
             | null           g fetchWeather.ts:31
             | 
             | Safari:                 App.tsx:46         [Error]
             | Unhandled Promise Rejection: TypeError: null is not an
             | object         (evaluating 'l.querySelector("creation-
             | date").textContent')           (anonymous function)
             | (index.2994085b.js:139:2367)           asyncFunctionResume
             | (anonymous function)
             | promiseReactionJobWithoutPromise
             | promiseReactionJob
        
               | calebegg wrote:
               | Sometimes the NOAA APIs don't return data according to
               | the usual structure. I can't consistently reproduce it.
               | If you can please let me know!
        
           | dt3ft wrote:
           | I'm out of the loop. Why would this not be legal? Are you
           | using Oracle technology?
        
             | hobofan wrote:
             | > built as a compatible alternative to the Dark Sky API
             | 
             | OP is talking about the copyrightability of API's (which
             | they are clearly exposed to as they built a drop-in
             | replacement). The relevant case: https://en.wikipedia.org/w
             | iki/Google_LLC_v._Oracle_America,_....
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | Oracle argued that interface calls were copyrightable. They
             | lost anyway.
        
           | PanMan wrote:
           | Just my 2 cents: It's on my todo list to look for a weather
           | provider, but the "pirate" in the name at first made me
           | discard this: I guess the pirate bay made the word pirate
           | something less-legal sounding, not something I'd want for a
           | business. Happy I did open it, and no problem to work with a
           | pirate brand, but wanted to notice it might be negative
           | branding. Personally I quite like the Bright Ground name joke
           | (and I don't think it will cause legal troubles, but IANAL).
        
             | stefanka wrote:
             | Maybe use an synonym. 'Corsair weather', 'privateer
             | weather' ?
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | > Based on the above the answer seems to be "probably".
         | 
         | Why do you draw that conclusion? It seemed to be making a joke
         | about the fact that APIs are NOT copyrightable and considered
         | fair use. The site is pretty clearly fully legal.
        
         | jacurtis wrote:
         | I agree, PirateWeather seems like a misbrand here. When I read
         | it, i thought it was stealing weather data or something. On the
         | web, the term "pirate" generally doesn't mean good things. This
         | name almost implies that it is illegal or something.
         | 
         | I'm imagining designing a software product around this and
         | presenting it to a C-Level, explaining that we use
         | "PirateWeather" and I think I'm going to get grilled with lots
         | of questions and concerns based on the name alone.
         | 
         | This is a good service and should be "branded" with a better
         | name. Maybe a play on the whole DarkSky name like LightSky or
         | "Sunset" which works exceptionally well since DarkSky was
         | sunset by Apple. Maybe StarrySky, LateSky, NewSky.
         | 
         | I am usually someone who says that names don't matter as much
         | as people think they do, but PirateWeather just seems like a
         | huge hit in the wrong direction. But the product is solid so
         | maybe it can survive despite the name.
        
           | holoduke wrote:
           | Maybe most of the good products come out of places without
           | too many C level types :)
        
           | phpisthebest wrote:
           | >>I'm imagining designing a software product around this and
           | presenting it to a C-Level
           | 
           | More likely
           | 
           | 1. they will not ask
           | 
           | 2. If they ask they will care
           | 
           | 3. If they care they will not with a short explanation
           | 
           | this seem like a non-issue, and if the biggest thing you have
           | to worry about is some C Level with a stick up their .....
           | well I think you have nothing to worry about then
           | 
           | the name is fine...
        
           | feanaro wrote:
           | > On the web, the term "pirate" generally doesn't mean good
           | things.
           | 
           | Maybe we're on different webs, but in my mind "pirate" has
           | good connotations. As in, a rebel, a free spirit, a fighter
           | of oppression.
        
           | ferdek wrote:
           | Weatharrr!
        
           | midoridensha wrote:
           | >On the web, the term "pirate" generally doesn't mean good
           | things.
           | 
           | That depends on who you ask... People who are fans of, e.g.,
           | ThePirateBay probably would disagree with you.
           | 
           | Also, there's a shipping service called PirateShip that's
           | totally legal (it's basically a frontend to USPS shipping
           | labels). The website is pretty amusing with the "Arr, matey!"
           | stuff.
        
           | alexander0042 wrote:
           | I'm the dev for this, so can shed some light on this! Weather
           | Underground was a pretty out there choice- I guess the kind
           | of people who like putting together weather APIs aren't great
           | at naming things. I considered "Bright Ground", and still
           | have the domain name for it, so maybe it'd be worth spinning
           | up another API endpoint/ branding that uses that and has a
           | more commercial focus, keeping Pirate Weather as the free and
           | open source branding.
        
             | dbuder wrote:
             | Keep the name - this is not vc bait
        
             | Bloating wrote:
             | wunderground.com has existed for a long time. Defining
             | feature it is can crowd source weather
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | That used to be the defining feature. IBM has killed the
               | community and put alot of restrictions on the data
        
               | midoridensha wrote:
               | I wonder if they put the codebase into ClearCase too.
        
             | nivenkos wrote:
             | Weather Underground would be hilarious.
        
               | zerocrates wrote:
               | Not only is it already a thing, IBM of all people own
               | them now.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | We took the real Weather Underground so unseriously that
               | half of them became college professors and one of them
               | was on Jeopardy, seems consistent.
        
               | wallfacer120 wrote:
               | [dead]
        
             | maphew wrote:
             | Rrr-mate, Rmate, Are-matey,
             | 
             | And variants thereof perhaps
        
             | ummonk wrote:
             | That would actually be a great idea.
        
             | guntherhermann wrote:
             | FWIW I love the name Pirate Weather. Thanks for the work!
        
             | argc wrote:
             | I like the name pirate weather a lot.
        
           | jameshart wrote:
           | I guess at least it's a step up from the time someone was
           | trying to brand a grassroots weather data collection effort
           | and decided to name it after a terrorist organization.
           | 
           | I'm a massive fan of - and indeed contribute data to - the
           | weather underground project, but the naming has always made
           | me a little uncomfortable.
        
       | kish15 wrote:
       | I cannot seem to sign up, it says "Exceeded daily email limit."
        
         | wohfab wrote:
         | Confirmed. Me, too.
        
       | tucosan wrote:
       | I applaud the effort. I just checked the forecast data for
       | Berlin, Germany and it is quite inaccurate compared to the
       | quality models offered for my region.
       | 
       | It seems that they only use NOAA data even though there are
       | vastly superior models for the EU, e.g. ICON-EU and ECMWF.
        
       | wendyshu wrote:
       | https://pirateweather.net/apis isn't loading for me
        
         | ehaughee wrote:
         | Same here. Tried a few hours apart. If you're looking for the
         | API docs, as I was, they are here:
         | https://docs.pirateweather.net/en/latest/
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | This is a limitation of how the Developer Portal is set up, you
         | have to be registered to view the APIs. Like the other poster
         | said, if you're looking for general info, go to the docs
         | section, since all the information is there
        
       | heystefan wrote:
       | This is amazing. You're amazing.
       | 
       | Just bought you a coffee, everyone who upvoted this should chip
       | in!
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | Thank you so much! I really want there to be a free level
         | available, and it's donations like this that make it possible
        
       | Semaphor wrote:
       | > An error was encountered with the requested page.
       | 
       | > Exceeded daily email limit.
       | 
       | Happens when I try to signup
        
       | vorpalhex wrote:
       | One of Dark Sky's features was integrating hyperlocal weather
       | stations.
       | 
       | Right now there are thousands of weather stations posting regular
       | reports via APRS.
       | 
       | Any chance to see those integrated?
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | They (sort of) are! It gets into the nuance of the weather
         | model side of things, which I don't know as much about, but the
         | HRRR/ GFS models ingest data from APRS and incorporate that
         | into their forecasts. This means that these observations are
         | included (especially in the US), but are at about a 2 hour lag
         | compared to direct readings
        
       | hk1337 wrote:
       | I cannot load the apis page right now. Is this just current
       | weather data or do you offer historical weather data too?
        
       | 10g1k wrote:
       | Why are pirate systems the best? They just AARRRR!
        
       | pbmango wrote:
       | This is great. Can endorse LuckGrib for IoS folks as well. Great
       | UI and can pull NOAA and EU models. https://luckgrib.com/. Not
       | FOSS but worth the $20 I paid once several years ago. Popular
       | among wind sports enthusiasts many of who are hobbyist
       | meteorologists.
        
       | jron wrote:
       | I was really hoping https://merrysky.net/ had a graphical
       | forecast similar to weather underground's 10 day. I've yet to
       | find anything else that quickly shows everything you'd want to
       | know in a single image. Even the mouseover timeline is
       | perfection. It is so good and seemingly exclusive to WU that I
       | sometimes wonder if they hold a patent for it.
        
         | chrisweekly wrote:
         | Related tangent: Windy (iOS app) does a remarkably good job
         | providing multiple data sources and terrific dataviz.
        
           | metadat wrote:
           | Is it the app named "Windy.com", "Windy.app", or something
           | else?
           | 
           | Edit: I suspect it's the _Windy.app_ one. My initial
           | impression is it looks quite nice. Available on both iOS and
           | Android.
        
           | Bloating wrote:
           | also on Android. Fantastic for tracking Hurricanes
        
         | rsync wrote:
         | "... similar to weather underground's 10 day ..."
         | 
         | Came here, like I come to every weather API/tool discussion, to
         | ask the same thing ... I would really like a less spammy, less
         | bloated 10-day forecast a la WU.
         | 
         | This comes close, however - there's a nice 7-day lookahead ...
         | is it possible that WU is just fudging days 8-9-10 and no
         | _real_ data is available beyond 7 days ?
        
           | kuhewa wrote:
           | Ten years ago beyond a week forecasts underperformed long
           | term climatic averages, not sure if that has changed yet.
        
           | jeramey wrote:
           | Persistence and linear regression are very common methods
           | used to extend forecasts out in computationally cheap ways.
           | Most forecast models have really awful validation statistics
           | after about 48-60 hours out--depending on initial conditions,
           | location, and a few other factors--so in some sense the
           | forecast after about 3 days out isn't ever going to be very
           | good so it's perfectly valid to use those methods. I would
           | not be at all surprised if that's what Weather Underground
           | does.
           | 
           | Another method that's occasionally used is to just fill in
           | with TMY (Typical Meteorological Year) data. Lots of those
           | data sets are freely available, or if not, are very
           | inexpensive to calculate if station data is available.
           | 
           | If you're looking for a minimally spammy, information dense
           | forecast and you're in the US, it's pretty hard to beat
           | weather.gov. (And make sure to occasionally read the zone and
           | regional forecast discussion texts, too. They're really
           | interesting and often educational!)
        
         | zmk_ wrote:
         | On Android, there is an awesome app called Flowx. Probably the
         | best weather app I have used.
        
           | presto8 wrote:
           | Thanks for the recommendation, I'll check out Flowx.
           | 
           | A while back I installed quite a few weather apps on Android,
           | at the time, I felt wX and QuickWeather (from F-Droid) were
           | the best. Maybe Flowx will be even better :-)
        
         | PraetorianGourd wrote:
         | The _presentation_ is impressive, but the forecast is often the
         | raw output from various models, and thus not entirely reliable.
         | For example, I live in a valley where most forecast models
         | smooth over giving more snow/cold than we ever get.
        
           | bleomycin wrote:
           | I have a similar issue living on a hill with the windy.com
           | forecasts. Have you had success finding any forecast
           | source/app that's accurate for your microclimate? Everyone
           | always points to forecastadvisor.com but that's always
           | pulling from some airport 20 miles away for me totally
           | irrelevant.
        
         | meliorize wrote:
         | You can also try the Glance Weather widget on Android.
        
         | rswerve wrote:
         | WeatherStrip does this beautifully.
         | https://www.weatherstrip.app/ Weathergraph is also nice, and
         | has a new optional Dark Sky skin. https://weathergraph.app/
        
         | traceroute66 wrote:
         | Try Ventusky (https://www.ventusky.com/)
        
         | xd1936 wrote:
         | I agree with you, but I've also found the https://windy.com
         | timeline along the bottom to be similarly informative, with
         | ECMWF data to boot.
        
       | DotaFan wrote:
       | I really like this free Forecase API too https://developer.yr.no/
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | One of the things that I've found on yr.no that I haven't seen
         | on any other weather app is the classification of cloud level.
         | 
         | For example:
         | https://www.yr.no/en/details/table/2-4407066/United%20States...
         | 
         | You will see not only the cloud cover as an overall percentage,
         | but also the different levels. A 50 in the middle is very
         | different than 50 in low in terms of what you can expect that
         | day (for photographs).
        
       | pca2 wrote:
       | Can confirm pirateweather.net's forecast API working as a drop-in
       | replacement for DarkSky's. I was able to fix a soon to be broken
       | DarkSky bitbar script by just replacing the URLs/API keys to
       | pirateweather's in under 5 minutes.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | I assume there's no recourse for iOS users?
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | If you are using the current version of iOS, the new weather
           | app _rocks_ in terms of functionality (IMHO better than the
           | previous version of Dark Sky).
           | 
           | If you are on an old version of iOS and mourn the loss of
           | DarkSky app, I personally like MyRadar - it has some very
           | nice features and I used in tandem with DarkSky in the past.
           | 
           | If you are after writing an iOS app, you already have an
           | Apple developer account allowing for 500k calls/month.
           | 
           | If you are after writing an iOS app and want to use DarkSky
           | rather than WeatherKit, Pirate Weather should also be a drop
           | in replacement.
        
             | jorvi wrote:
             | I mean, it doesn't even have precipitation notifications or
             | a proper precipitation graph. Not exactly better.
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | Notifications - at the bottom of the screen "Manage
               | Notifications". Enable "Next-Hour Precipitation". It is
               | off by default since it leaks data back to Apple.
               | https://imgur.com/CwlFnym
               | 
               | The precipitation graph you get when you expand the
               | perception tile. You can then scroll through the days.
               | Here's a screen shot from my phone for a couple days from
               | now when I'm due to get some snow.
               | https://imgur.com/FnWdQ4b
        
             | CharlesW wrote:
             | > _If you are using the current version of iOS, the new
             | weather app_ rocks _in terms of functionality (IMHO better
             | than the previous version of Dark Sky)._
             | 
             | Tip for anyone coming from Dark Sky: Open Weather, scroll
             | to the bottom, tap "Manage Notifications", and turn on
             | "Next-Hour Precipitation" and "Severe Weather". For me at
             | least, these weren't turned on by default.
        
             | macintux wrote:
             | The new iOS Weather app certainly has lots of
             | functionality, lots of data, but I mourn the clean,
             | streamlined Dark Sky interface.
             | 
             | Plus the temperature map, unlike the radar map, no longer
             | allows you to change to a future date/time to see how the
             | temperature changes are going to progress across a larger
             | region, which I always found interesting.
             | 
             | Very unfortunate.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | antihero wrote:
               | Also the live map just looks weird and interpolated now.
        
               | cjrp wrote:
               | I've switched to Carrot and paid to enable "layouts";
               | they have a very Dark Sky-esque one.
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | Having just downloaded and poked at it, it looks very
               | nice and familiar for those who want a Dark Sky type
               | interface. The "oh, that's a feature I'd like" comes at a
               | bit of "that's behind an IAP", but I suspect I'll be
               | adding it to my weather section.
               | 
               | Thank you for introducing me to it.
        
               | sbate1987 wrote:
               | I like Carrot also - it has a lot of options to play with
               | if you subscribe for it - They run sales esp year end
               | sales if you can wait 11 months. You can also change the
               | weather sources or api like Foreca and DarkSky and apple
               | weather as well so maybe this Pirate one will be in there
               | as well. I did not like the free version - I LOVED dark
               | sky it was point of contention with the wife as
               | accuweather was more accurate for planning. Peace.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | iOS Weather is pretty nice. But I can't quite love it,
             | because it frequently tells my wife and I different values
             | for current temperature, all while proclaiming to be giving
             | data for the same small city. I can manually program the
             | city in and get it to do the same thing. Hard to trust it.
             | 
             | Also, it's almost always wrong with rain predictions. But
             | so was Dark Sky, so that's fair.
        
               | dv_dt wrote:
               | Yup it's pretty bad - I kept comparing it to the nws
               | mobile site and the iOS weather app was frequently wrong
               | vs the nws and real outcomes
        
             | fsociety999 wrote:
             | > the new weather app rocks in terms of functionality (IMHO
             | better than the previous version of Dark Sky)
             | 
             | While I agree that functionally it offers a lot, the
             | interface is around 1000 times worse than the Dark Sky app.
             | For example, to see the "feels like" temperature over the
             | next few hours in Dark Sky, it used to show up immediately
             | on load for the current time, and with a single tap to see
             | it over the next 24 hours. On the new Apple Weather app,
             | you have to first tap on the current day, then tap on the
             | drop down on the upper right, then tap on "Feels Like",
             | then tap on the graph itself and drag to the desired time.
             | 
             | It is absolutely incredible to me that something so simple
             | went from taking one step to taking five steps. I don't
             | know how any user interface designer can justify it.
        
           | aendruk wrote:
           | Do you run BitBar on iOS?
        
           | jagged-chisel wrote:
           | Any particular reason you couldn't do the same? Just replace
           | URLs.
        
             | justusthane wrote:
             | I think they're asking about continuing to use the DarkSky
             | app. In which case, no. The new Weather app in iOS 16 does
             | add some DarkSky features, but I don't think it's as good.
        
               | jagged-chisel wrote:
               | Totally read "users" as "developers." Thanks for
               | straightening out my brain :)
        
         | dzhiurgis wrote:
         | > I was able to fix a soon to be broken DarkSky bitbar script
         | 
         | Please fork it for us lazy ones
        
           | pca2 wrote:
           | Pull request opened https://github.com/matryer/xbar-
           | plugins/pull/1896
        
             | SettembreNero wrote:
             | I saw myself tagged in the PR from this link and I thought
             | it was some kind of joke/error :D but I wanted to thank you
             | for it!
        
         | nomilk wrote:
         | Thanks to your comment, I also updated an app that had stopped
         | working since DarkSky shutdown, and also had it going in 5
         | minutes.
        
       | stephen123 wrote:
       | Is it a common startup idea to open source a successful product
       | and change the payment to be donation based?
        
       | huhtenberg wrote:
       | Tried it indirectly via MerrySky after it was mentioned here the
       | other day.
       | 
       | I am in Europe it was completely off in both its 24-hour forecast
       | and the actual real-time weather. It indicated a continuous heavy
       | snowfall whereby in reality the sky was just lightly clouded with
       | no precipitation. Just 2c.
        
       | earthscienceman wrote:
       | It's going to be a tangential comment but I work in science
       | research that's adjacent to weather forecasting and I find the
       | political/technical jockeying that is happening with forecasting
       | to be fascinating. It's a nexus of capitalism, federal government
       | spending, politics, and technology that has very real
       | implications for individual Americans.
       | 
       | In summary: horrible oversight by the federal govt (read,
       | congress) of our technical/scientific forecasting resources means
       | that our forecasting ability is extremely fragmented and poorly
       | organized. This has lead to a lot of companies being essentially
       | resellers of public data. These companies claim to create a lot
       | of value added products ('cleaner APIs', 'minutecasts', etc etc)
       | that are either scientifically dubious or technically simple and
       | then these companies walk away with huge profits based on being a
       | portal to government data.
       | 
       | It's so American it is almost laughable, all while the European
       | ECMWF eats our lunch in terms of accuracy even for the CONUS.
       | I've discussed this on technical internet forums often enough
       | that I can practically already write the replies to my own
       | comment. "What's the problem with that?" etc et al. But the
       | reality of it is that it's emblematic of how politically broken
       | the US is, in particular with regards to the agencies in charge
       | of scientific products and funding. Not to mention the concrete
       | problems with the forecast products themselves.
       | 
       | Anyway. Good luck pirate weather and godspeed. Information was
       | meant to be free and open, especially the forecast. It's such a
       | laughably simple problem that could/should be so easily solved
       | but, alas, there is money to be made!
        
         | jaybo_nomad wrote:
         | A thousand times this!
        
         | mesoman wrote:
         | As one who wrote (over 10 years ago, still improving it) and
         | sells a weather app targeted at storm chasers, weather
         | enthusiasts and spotters... I find the NWS data to be
         | fragmented, often based on ancient computing standards (look at
         | how NEXRAD data is formatted - it's binary for a 16-bit
         | computer), and very hard to find documentation on.
         | 
         | Companies can add value by providing documented, consistent
         | API's for data that, yes, is free from the government. NWS does
         | not face the market incentives of a company, and it shows.
         | 
         | And yes, a bunch of companies take that data and hype it, but
         | that's not particularly new - it precedes apps. I've long seen
         | claims of forecast accuracy from private companies that are,
         | well, absurd, given the limits chaos (and other issues) place
         | on forecasting very far into the future.
         | 
         | The Big Data Project is a substantial improvement in terms of
         | access, but the data itself is still in the legacy formats.
         | Also, some data is not well suited for mobile access - it's in
         | giant binary blobs (NEXRAD Level II) or requires multiple HTTP
         | operations to acquire.
         | 
         | But... at least it's available and free (except for lighting).
         | 
         | I'm not talking about model data - I let others worry about
         | that, and for personal use, I use sites like the excellent one
         | from College of DuPage ( https://weather.cod.edu/forecast/ ).
         | I've watched friends in the research and operational community
         | describe their frustration at the decision process that went
         | into GFS modernization, and how it was frustrating to see ECMWF
         | beat it out in forecast skill (I'm not up to date on where that
         | stands now).
        
           | alexander0042 wrote:
           | As the dev who set up the Pirate Weather source, I couldn't
           | agree more. 90% of the challenge here was getting the grib
           | files into a format I could quickly and easily access, since
           | the provided format is about as difficult as it gets. I don't
           | pretend to know more about the actual art of forecasting than
           | NOAA, but wanted a better way to get the data they produce
           | out there
        
         | billiam wrote:
         | Have any nerdy Congresspeople wanted to solve this ridiculous
         | inefficiency in recent years. Seems like a natural "the
         | Europeans kick our ass at forecasting" message would go over
         | well and potentially negate the lobbying from Weather Channel
         | and others with a vested interest in perpetuating this stupid
         | situation.
        
           | counters wrote:
           | Yes, Congress passed the Weather Research and Forecasting
           | Innovation Act back in 2017 which not only gave massive
           | funding injection to model development activities, data
           | procurement, and more, but also formalized the new next-
           | generation community modeling initiatives which are focused
           | on tackling the dominance of the EC models in the 2-5 day
           | forecast space.
           | 
           | The diagnosis of the problems of the American forecast
           | modeling community here is based on flawed premises. There
           | are three major factors which led to the ECMWF leap-frogging
           | the US in day-ahead forecasting capability. The first is the
           | consolidated investment in supercomputing resources; the
           | WRFIA tackles this by earmarking a much larger allocation of
           | funding for NOAA's next gen supercomputer, but this still
           | pales in comparison to ECMWF investments.
           | 
           | The second factor is the fragmentation of the research and
           | operational weather modeling communities due to the divergent
           | investment from NOAA and USAF in the 90's and 2000's; USAF in
           | conjunction with NCAR sponsored the development of the WRF
           | model which was widely adopted by the research community.
           | NOAA continued investing the GFS lineage of models. The
           | bifurcation of these communities slowed down the ability to
           | matriculate advances in model developments to operations, and
           | this was exacerbated by an old, closed-off approach by NOAA
           | which made it extraordinarily difficult to run and develop
           | the GFS on anything other than NOAA hardware.
           | 
           | Finally, the ECMWF went all-in on 4DVAR data assimilation in
           | the late 90's, whereas the American community pursued a
           | diversity of other approaches ranging from 4DVAR to ensemble
           | Kalman filters. 4DVAR necessitates advances to core weather
           | model software (e.g. you need to write a model's adjoint or
           | its tangent linear in order to actually use 4DVAR) adn the
           | US' failure to adopt it led, imo to a "double edged sword"
           | effect of (a) failing to provide impetus to greatly improve
           | the US modeling software suite and supporting tools, and (b)
           | being a worse assimilation technique unless advanced EnsKF
           | techniques are employed using very large ensembles of models
           | (expensive).
           | 
           | The other problem as others have pointed out is that there is
           | no accountability in the US private sector weather market.
           | Virtually every player is re-transmitting raw model guidance
           | or statistical post-processed forecasts using DiCast, _maybe_
           | with a some manual tweaking of forecast fields by humans. But
           | this is not transparent, and many companies - if we're being
           | charitable, here - are not honest about what they're actually
           | doing to produce their forecasts. Put another way - there's a
           | lot of BS claims out there, and it seems that investors have
           | been more than happy to fund it over the past few years.
        
             | earthscienceman wrote:
             | I disagree that my (extremely broad) diagnosis of the
             | problems with forecasting in America is based on flawed
             | premises. You've provided thorough, correct, and important
             | details here but my comment was aimed at the broader HN
             | audience, not on writing the central argument for a
             | discussion on the historical timeline. I think what I said,
             | "Horrible oversight by the federal govt (read, congress) of
             | our technical/scientific forecasting resources means that
             | our forecasting ability is extremely fragmented and poorly
             | organized." is a very concise summary of the things you've
             | laid out here.
             | 
             | As for the details in your comments, the only thing I
             | disagree with strongly is the comment about investment in
             | computing. While sufficient computing resources are central
             | to good forecasting, the lack of investment by NOAA in
             | computing (I sit at NOAA) is a red herring. ECMWF is
             | significantly better than either of the two available
             | American forecasts because they are just better at what
             | they do, all around. In particular with respect to data
             | assimilation. I've sat at meetings with ECMWF forecasters
             | who have asked for access to my in-situ data products and
             | their pipeline is as simple as "point us to the data
             | please". Their data assimilation pipeline is so much more
             | sophisticated and thorough that catching up on that alone
             | would be a huge huge leap. Mind you, not just '4DVAR' the
             | methodology, but literally the way that the community finds
             | and integrates observational data.
             | 
             | ECMWF, the organization, is quite literally structured to
             | strictly accomplish the goal of 'improve the forecast'.
             | Whereas, again broadly, the American institutions are much
             | more a congolemerate of associated researchers doing
             | individual science projects while small teams work on
             | specific segments of the forecast. Yes, we are attempting
             | to fix this. No, we haven't fixed it yet.
             | 
             | This is not to say I don't think we should fund computing
             | or that computing won't help. But we are quite literally
             | 5-10 years of research behind on multiple fronts.
        
               | counters wrote:
               | The thing about the computing is that it has impacted the
               | culture surrounding NWP model development within the
               | American modeling community. At ECMWF, there is capacity
               | in the primary systems to support R&D, so the total cost
               | to the community to maintain this capability is much
               | lower than in the US where everything is fragmented. If
               | there was greater capacity for researchers to run GFS on
               | the limited number of systems with first-class (or any)
               | support, it may have helped consolidate the community.
               | 
               | Totally acknowledge that there are other takes here. And
               | I have a bit of skepticism about how much EPIC will
               | really achieve and what it can do to resolve these
               | issues. But I don't necessarily agree that the science at
               | EC is 5-10 years ahead of the American community's.
               | What's matriculated R2O is definitely a few years ahead,
               | of us, especially for medium-range forecasting. But the
               | US likely still maintains a competitive edge in
               | mesoscale/rapid refresh forecasting, and even though
               | we've lost key developers to the private sector recently,
               | the NBM seems (in my admittedly limited experience) to
               | perform favorably to similar products out of ECMWF or
               | other European national weather services.
               | 
               | Your point about ECMWF being fundamentally structured
               | with the singular goal of improving the forecast is super
               | important - I 100% agree with that, and the US has yet to
               | do much of anything to address this.
        
               | earthscienceman wrote:
               | Extremely valid points. Thanks for sharing your
               | perspective, counters. It's much appreciated. One thing I
               | think is fascinating, every time this comes up on a place
               | like HN, is how detached the conversation often is from
               | the meat-and-potatoes of forecasting. Which is to say
               | I've seen many a googler think that weather forecasting
               | is a simple problem and handwave the discussion away with
               | "throw compute at the problem". It's always great when
               | there are people around to ground the discussion.
               | 
               | Last point to the specifics. You're very right that the
               | American teams have nailed mesoscale/rr forecasting.
               | Which is, if we wanted to really divert the discussion,
               | interesting and arguably more advanced because of its
               | industrial applications (wind farms, etc et al).
               | 
               | I think your most salient point is about how the extra
               | compute resources foster a culture of improvement on the
               | models themselves. I am on the compute task team and it's
               | something I argue for every day. Are you a researcher? If
               | so, send me a message. I used to have my NOAA email in my
               | profile but it would probably be neat to connect
               | professionally.
        
         | jmbwell wrote:
         | 100%.
         | 
         | There is enormous data available at https://www.weather.gov/ at
         | no charge, including hourly and weekly forecasts, spot
         | forecasts, radar (multiple layers, with/without animation) and
         | satellite (multiple layers, with/without animation), plus storm
         | watches, hurricane info, historical data, climate data...
         | 
         | I guess it's nice that apps can do things like advise me that
         | it might start raining in a few minutes, but often by the time
         | I see those alerts, the water on my head has alerted me anyway.
         | 
         | All other weather apps, it seems to me, are for little more
         | than tracking my location and serving me relevant ads.
        
           | Sightline wrote:
           | The most accurate and concise weather forecasts come from
           | weather.gov, blows my mind that people don't know this.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | As someone living in continental Europe there's one thing I
         | haven't found anything remotely close to NHC quality forecasts.
         | Curious what you think of that institution?
        
       | Humphrey wrote:
       | As an Australian, my main issue with almost all Weather API's and
       | services is that the data is almost always sub-par to the weather
       | data provided by the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). It would be
       | great if there was a backend provider concept, so that I could
       | tell my devices (such as an iPhone) to only use BOM data for it's
       | inbuilt widgets.
        
         | ace2358 wrote:
         | It's truly maddening as an Aussie. How many apps just ignore
         | the BoM? I expected the Apple one not to, but it does. It's
         | frustrating when friends visit me and check the weather on
         | their phone and the data for the Google and Apple apps is so
         | bad.
         | 
         | I use Willy weather that uses bom. I don't love it though. Any
         | recommendations? I personally can't stand the actual BoM app as
         | an iPhone user but I appreciate that they tried...
         | 
         | R.I.P Pocket Weather :(
        
           | incompatible wrote:
           | I just bookmark the BOM forecast web page for my location.
           | Does an app give anything better?
        
             | Humphrey wrote:
             | The latest version of the official app has 90mins of future
             | "modeled" rain radar. I couldn't find that quickly on the
             | website.
        
           | sandos wrote:
           | I wonder if this isn't the same all over? In Sweden we also
           | have a local metrology bureu which produces much better
           | forecasts than most others. As I understand it they basically
           | tweak the global models with .. sort of local "knowledge".
           | And there are many such models, a few EU-specific and, I
           | assume, one local for most countries.
        
             | 83 wrote:
             | Is metrology a typo, or are there countries that call it
             | metrology instead of meteorology?
             | 
             | In the US metrology is a specific field dealing with
             | measurement, often the department dealing with high
             | precision calibrating/measuring tools in the metal
             | machining industry.
        
             | null_object wrote:
             | > In Sweden we also have a local metrology bureu which
             | produces much better forecasts than most others
             | 
             | Ironically Sweden's best weather forecast comes from Norway
             | [0]
             | 
             | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31965812
        
             | Humphrey wrote:
             | About 10 years ago, I dropped into our local meteorology
             | office on my lunch break to ask about the weather for a
             | week long bush walk I had planned. It was amazing too see
             | how much local knowledge the guy there could apply to the
             | official BOM forecasts to make them more meaningful! Models
             | are great, and have improved significantly since then, but
             | human experience is also amazing!
        
             | kuhewa wrote:
             | Nate Silver's _The Signal and the Noise_ 's chapter about
             | weather forecasting described forecasters during a visit
             | doing that, a manual tweak essentially based on experienced
             | intuition at the end that the models couldn't yet
             | replicate.
        
               | j45 wrote:
               | This makes total sense for where I live too. A
               | crowdsourced api of these adjustments would be neat.
        
           | davidjohnstone wrote:
           | I'm more of a desktop user, but I wasn't happy with what was
           | out there so I made my own (but only for Melbourne):
           | https://davidjohnstone.net/weather/melbourne . I'm tempted to
           | turn it into a proper Australia-wide product. The BoM's data
           | licensing fees (in the order of $5k/year) are a bit of a
           | barrier.
        
             | Humphrey wrote:
             | That's really nice! Another commenter mentioned the Willy
             | Weather API, which uses BOM data and has a generous free
             | tier. Not sure if that would enable you to make it
             | Australia Wide at a reasonable cost?
             | 
             | https://www.willyweather.com.au/info/api.html
        
           | Humphrey wrote:
           | > Any recommendations? I personally can't stand the actual
           | BoM app as an iPhone user but I appreciate that they tried...
           | 
           | Have you tried the official iOS BOM app in the past few
           | weeks? I recently switched to it from Willy Weather as it has
           | improved a lot. It's display of the next 90mins of modelled
           | rain radar is the Official App's killer feature for me.
           | 
           | Last week it enabled me to drive 40mins to some mountain bike
           | tracks, knowing rain models showed that the massive storm
           | would have just passed by the time I'd get there.
        
           | a_square_peg wrote:
           | BoM actually makes it quite difficult to obtain data. I
           | looked into it once and thought it wasn't worth the trouble.
           | Some agencies make it easier than others to obtain the raw
           | data as it's sort of part of their mandates.
        
             | jamesbfb wrote:
             | And they've made it even more difficult over the past few
             | years. I had written a script that would scrape BoM's page
             | and send the up-to-date conditions via MQTT but it stopped
             | working a few years ago. IRIC, even changing the HTTP
             | headers/user-agent prevented it from ever working again.
             | That said, I understand it's absolutely their prerogative
             | and they have a right to make money from the data.
        
               | markdown wrote:
               | > they have a right to make money from the data.
               | 
               | I thought it was a govt service. BOM is private?
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | You'll be surprised that the free-for-all-no-questions-
               | asked US system is _not_ the one followed around the
               | world. Australia, like other countries with significant
               | British history, has the concept of Crown Copyrights (htt
               | ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_copyright#Australia).
               | Whether it's the (UK) Met Office
               | (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/data/met-office-
               | data-f...), (Australian) BoM
               | (https://reg.bom.gov.au/business-solutions/) or (NZ)
               | MetService (https://metraweather.com/), commercial use is
               | paid-for. Personal use is implied to be free, but usually
               | they interpret using their API to be commercial use.
        
               | andylynch wrote:
               | Quite correct- though the UK Met Office has a specific
               | non-commercial API in DataPoint which is pretty good.
        
               | thejosh wrote:
               | That being said, and I agree with all points you raised,
               | the Australian Gov has been fantastic over the last few
               | years of focusing on open data, to give credit where it's
               | due.
               | 
               | https://data.gov.au/search
               | 
               | Their datasets are great!
               | 
               | G-NAF for example: https://data.gov.au/dataset/ds-
               | dga-19432f89-dc3a-4ef3-b943-5...
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | To be fair, from looking at the available datasets of
               | different countries, it seems that weather data tends to
               | be the one requiring business-level licensing. There are
               | exceptions like Norway's Met (https://api.met.no/) and
               | US' NOAA (too many to list), but unfortunately the usual
               | answer for "weather data?" is "pay first".
        
               | Humphrey wrote:
               | Totally, there are full 3d scans of Launceston available.
               | It's amazing what data you can access!
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | I can't remember the name but there was a weather feed that was
         | a pretty super aggregate of many feeds and it allowed for a
         | higher level of accuracy to say take different individual
         | values or blend as you might need.
         | 
         | This is a timely post and comment as I've been thinking of
         | solving a weather problem I have with that feed. Hoping the hn
         | hive brain might have seen the same.
        
         | l3_ wrote:
         | For my own projects I end up using the WillyWeather APIs as
         | they have a generous free tier and use BOM data - but yeah
         | absolutely echo your complaints, I've seen Google up to 4
         | degrees off BOM/ my own weather station.
        
       | none_to_remain wrote:
       | Is there a linguistic shift happening here where this is no
       | longer "a service implementing the same API as Dark Sky", rather
       | it is "an API"
        
       | FatActor wrote:
       | If you asked me 25 years ago, "Wanna bet hackers will be excited
       | about a weather API in the future?" ... Sink me ... I would have
       | lost that bet.
        
         | coucoualpha wrote:
         | Same here, what are the use cases that fueled this demand?
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | what ive always wanted is a competent API for weather.gov, but
       | theres just no impetus to get NOAA to drop their convoluted
       | pseudo-XML gobbledygook.
        
         | Namidairo wrote:
         | If that makes you feel bad, take a look at Australia's Bureau
         | of Meteorology. A disorganised mix of access methods, and went
         | around breaking people's requests randomly with 403's and
         | accusing them of screen-scraping even when accessing json.
         | (Some getting hit with at just 1 request/day)
         | 
         | Emails to them resulted in replies asking to instead use their
         | FTP.
         | 
         | Additionally they're one of the few Australian Gov agencies
         | that still don't have proper https deployment yet.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-01-11 23:02 UTC)