[HN Gopher] Pirate Weather: A free, open, and documented forecas...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Pirate Weather: A free, open, and documented forecast API
        
       Author : calebegg
       Score  : 439 points
       Date   : 2023-01-10 19:15 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (pirateweather.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (pirateweather.net)
        
       | hectormalot wrote:
       | I've used https://open-meteo.com/ before and I think it's the
       | same type of open data being exposed.
       | 
       | These types of projects are great for stuff like home automation.
       | I'm using to to improve my predictions for power generation (PV)
       | and consumption (heat pump). Planning to is ergst to optimize
       | home battery charging in the future.
       | 
       | (Disclaimer; open sourced a small go library for open meteo, but
       | otherwise not affiliated)
        
         | meteo-jeff wrote:
         | Hi, creator of open-meteo.com here! I am using a more wide
         | range of weather models to better cover Europe, Northern Africa
         | and Asia. North America is covered as well with GFS+HRRR and
         | even weather models from the Canadian weather service.
         | 
         | In contrast to pirate weather, I am using compressed local
         | files to more easily run API nodes, without getting a huge AWS
         | bill. Compression is especially important for large historical
         | weather datasets like ERA5 or the 10 km version ERA5-Land.
         | 
         | Let me know if you have any questions!
        
       | ushakov wrote:
       | The tech diagram on AWS is insane. This is what I call vendor
       | lock-in porn
       | 
       | I'm wondering how much your monthly bill is?
        
         | gen220 wrote:
         | Which part is insane?
         | 
         | Put another way, how would you implement this without self-
         | managing pieces like nginx/apache, rabbitmq/kafka, or mongodb
         | on a compute instance?
         | 
         | The pieces of managed infra they're depending on are all pretty
         | interchangeable from one cloud provider to another. It's not
         | the cheapest way to solve the problem if you discount the cost
         | of management, upgrades, etc. But if you factor those costs in,
         | it's quite competitive.
        
           | ushakov wrote:
           | I would go to cloud providers, which can offer me managed
           | rabbitmq, kafka or mongodb
           | 
           | Certainly, I wouldn't get any vendor-specific services like
           | Lambda or SNS (in this example)
        
             | aequitas wrote:
             | The Lambda functions will just be running your business
             | logic code. Only specific part Lambda provides is the glue.
             | Which is easy to replace with any other cloud or self
             | hosted alternative.
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | This is like the 5th iteration of that darn diagram, and I
         | still can't quite get it right. The other comments are correct,
         | the underlying setup isn't that complicated, and it wouldn't be
         | too tricky to build it for another cloud, since all that's
         | really happening is a Python script reading a NetCDF file. The
         | real perk to building everything using a server-less approach
         | was that everything scaled down to 1 user (me), and then has
         | scaled up beautifully as more people have signed up.
         | 
         | The monthly bill isn't great, but has been manageable through
         | donations so far. I'm handling about 10 million API calls/
         | month, so lots of Lambda invocations, but they're all
         | thankfully very short with tiny outbound data transfer totals,
         | and luckily inbound is free. If the costs ever get out of hand
         | is to throttle the request rate down, but there's still a few
         | optimizations I can do on the AWS side that should help (ARM
         | here I come!).
        
         | shepherdjerred wrote:
         | This is a pretty standard looking diagram. It probably isn't
         | very expensive to run.
         | 
         | AWS diagrams are pretty intimidating until you've built a few
         | things with several AWS services.
         | 
         | The benefit is that a lot of maintenance work is taken care of
         | for you, and your costs can be low if you don't need a lot of
         | compute.
        
         | jacurtis wrote:
         | I am an Infrastructure Architect (aka "Cloud Architect") so I
         | design cloud systems like this on the daily. The "vendor lock-
         | in" argument always makes me laugh. Its the #1 thing I hear all
         | day long.
         | 
         | This diagram is actually pretty simple. It looks worse than it
         | is. All it uses are Lambdas (serverless functions), S3 buckets
         | (object storage), and SNS (broadcast/push queues). There
         | appears to be one traditional server in there with EFS, which
         | is just an elastic file system.
         | 
         | All of these systems have equivalents in all the major cloud
         | providers. So if the builder of this wanted to move to GCP or
         | Azure, they are not really locked to AWS. This can all be built
         | in another cloud.
         | 
         | Now, could you do it in a day? No. Assuming they are building
         | it with Infrastructure as Code (such as Terraform) then they
         | would need to convert the provider and change resource blocks.
         | But this akin to refactoring in a codebase. Its work, but its
         | not terribly difficult. Then they point it to their new cloud
         | and run `terraform apply`.
         | 
         | There is almost no way to entirely remove vendor lock-in. The
         | closest you could come is by designing everything yourself on
         | bare metal servers and renting those from a cloud provider. So
         | instead of using a managed queue system, you run some sort of
         | messaging queue on the server. Then you host files on the
         | server's filesystem, and you run the "lambdas" as applications
         | on the server. But that almost causes more headaches than you
         | save or solve for.
         | 
         | I look at Cloud Providers as similar to cell phone providers. I
         | know people who live in fear of being locked into a contract
         | with Verizon or something. But really, what are you going to
         | do? You will always need a cell phone. The only other real
         | choice is AT&T or maybe Sprint/TMobile. How often are you
         | really going to switch and what are you really gaining by doing
         | so? Energy spent worrying about being "locked in" to a cloud
         | vendor is energy wasted. Yeah you can move from AWS to Azure or
         | GCP. But that's about it. What do you gain by switching?
         | Probably almost nothing. They are all pretty comparable at this
         | point in reliability, features, and price (GCP is the slight
         | laggard here, but not by much). If Google calls your company
         | and offers you a huge discount to switch, you could still do
         | it. Aside from that, there's minimal incentive to do so.
         | 
         | There are a few weird services that AWS has for example that
         | might be considered "lock-in" services. This would be things
         | like AWS Snowball or AWS Groundstation. These don't have
         | comparable systems on other platforms. In the case of Snowball
         | you probably have so much data on AWS that just transferring
         | data would take months (or even years) which could be
         | considered a form of lock-in.
         | 
         | tl;dr - This is a very tame arch diagram. A few lambdas, s3
         | buckets, and messaging queues, all of which have comparable
         | services on all major clouds. There isn't significant vendor
         | lock-in, this could be rebuilt fairly easily (assuming they
         | used IaC) on any major cloud provider.
        
           | ushakov wrote:
           | Hello
           | 
           | > This diagram is actually pretty simple
           | 
           | The diagram looks like an ad
           | 
           | > All it uses are Lambdas (serverless functions), S3 buckets
           | (object storage), and SNS (broadcast/push queues)
           | 
           | Do you actually _need_ all of this or do you use it because
           | Amazon tells you to? I know for instance you cannot use
           | Amazon SES without also using S3 and Lambda
           | 
           | > So if the builder of this wanted to move to GCP or Azure,
           | they are not really locked to AWS. This can all be built in
           | another cloud
           | 
           | You're saying that I cannot move to other cloud provider
           | without my existing code becoming useless?
           | 
           | > Assuming they are building it with Infrastructure as Code
           | (such as Terraform) then they would need to convert the
           | provider and change resource blocks
           | 
           | What about the data pipelines and business logic?
           | 
           | > There is almost no way to entirely remove vendor lock-in
           | 
           | There is: avoiding vendor-specific APIs altogether
           | 
           | > Closest you could come is by designing everything yourself
           | on bare metal servers and renting those from a cloud provider
           | 
           | I don't have to. There are things like Railway, Fly.io,
           | PlanetScale, Supabase, Upstash, Minio, which can work without
           | locking me in
           | 
           | > What do you gain by switching?
           | 
           | Freedom
           | 
           | > There isn't significant vendor lock-in, this could be
           | rebuilt fairly easily (assuming they used IaC) on any major
           | cloud provider
           | 
           | You are contradicting yourself
        
             | manigandham wrote:
             | > _" I know for instance you cannot use Amazon SES without
             | also using S3 and Lambda"_
             | 
             | You can absolutely use SES without S3 and Lambda. I've used
             | it many times in various projects.
        
               | ushakov wrote:
               | Not on the receiving side
               | 
               | https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ses/latest/dg/receiving-
               | email-co...
        
               | nicwolff wrote:
               | As that page makes clear, SES can hand off incoming mail
               | to a Lambda, or to S3 - or to SNS which can deliver it to
               | any HTTP endpoint, or e-mail address, or text it to your
               | phone for that matter.
        
               | manigandham wrote:
               | What do you expect SES to do with your mail after
               | receiving it? S3 and Lambda are optional delivery
               | locations, amongst other actions.
        
               | jacurtis wrote:
               | Exactly this. It receives the email, now what? You need
               | to run some code on it and so the way to do that is one
               | of the compute services. AWS isn't forcing you to do
               | anything here.
               | 
               | 99.9% of SES users I promise are only sending mail
               | anyway. You aren't forced to have Lambdas or anything
               | else to send mail.
        
             | jacurtis wrote:
             | Wow, I struck a nerve. I'm happy to address these points
             | however.
             | 
             | > The diagram looks like an ad
             | 
             | Lol, Its an architecture diagram. You could swap the AWS-
             | specific icons for generic ones I suppose, and it wouldn't
             | change anything. It is fulfilling its purpose of explaining
             | how all the services connect together to deliver the
             | product. Just because it is an AWS Lambda icon doesn't mean
             | you couldn't make it an Azure Function icon instead and
             | perform the same goal. You're just too focused on hating
             | AWS here to see the forest through the trees.
             | 
             | > Do you actually need all of this or do you use it because
             | Amazon tells you to? I know for instance you cannot use
             | Amazon SES without also using S3 and Lambda
             | 
             | This is just a standard event-driven architecture. There's
             | really nothing exciting to see here. Data comes in, it gets
             | stored somewhere (S3), that triggers an event (SNS), a
             | compute service (lambda in this case, but could be
             | anything, even a standard VM, bare metal or anything else)
             | picks up the task and processes it or performs a job on the
             | data and stores it, it triggers another event, something
             | else picks it up, and so forth. This isn't an AWS design,
             | its just an event driven architecture design and this is
             | how they work.
             | 
             | SES can be used standalone. It doesn't require Lambda or S3
             | like you postulate. There are only a few times AWS requires
             | something else and its usually Cloudwatch or S3 and these
             | will sometimes be the destinations required for specific
             | types of logging or auditing and so forth.
             | 
             | AWS is forcing you to do nothing here. The creator chose
             | this stuff. But I assume they chose it to keep it free.
             | Most of this will survive under the free tier until the
             | project becomes massive. If it inches over the free tier,
             | it will still be cheap. That's probably the incentive for a
             | lot of this.
             | 
             | > You're saying that I cannot move to other cloud provider
             | without my existing code becoming useless?
             | 
             | Correct your code is your code. Think about a lambda. In
             | this scenario data comes from NOAA and is put in a bucket.
             | You write a serverless function that takes that data out of
             | the bucket, reformats the NOAA data into your proprietary
             | format and puts it in another bucket. The code that does
             | that is written in Go, Python, C++, Java, or whatever you
             | want. If written correctly, it accepts data, processes it,
             | and outputs it. So if you move to another cloud provider
             | your code would still work. It might run in an Azure
             | Function instead of an AWS Lambda, but that doesn't matter.
             | Your code does the same thing you don't need to throw it
             | out.
             | 
             | > What about the data pipelines and business logic?
             | 
             | Hard to say without more information. But its possible BI
             | dashboards need to be changed to point to the new service
             | and stuff like that. Sure. Again, you're not switching
             | clouds in an afternoon. But the point its the next cloud
             | system is eerily similar. Its not like you have to rebuild,
             | it would be more of a refactor.
             | 
             | > There is: avoiding vendor-specific APIs altogether
             | 
             | Possibly. But if built correctly your code doesn't need to
             | be aware of the environment it is in. But there might be
             | cases where you interact with the services directly, like
             | downloading from S3. This would change with the next
             | provider possibly (although most actually have
             | S3-compatible APIs). But most of your application will not
             | directly interact with the cloud, it will interact with the
             | services. So for example you use RDS to host a managed
             | Postgres db, but your application is just interacting with
             | postgres, not AWS here. But you're right there might be
             | some scenarios that use vendor-specific APIs.
             | 
             | > I don't have to. There are things like Railway, Fly.io,
             | PlanetScale, Supabase, Upstash, Minio, which can work
             | without locking me in
             | 
             | I fail to see how these are any different than tying
             | yourself to a product like S3 or Lambda. In many ways,
             | these solutions are TRUE vendor lock-in, with all the
             | vendor specific APIs that you live in fear of. Fly.io is a
             | PaaS, which is going to be way harder to move away from
             | than switching from AWS to Azure. PlanetScale, Minio, and
             | Upstash are literally no different than equivalent products
             | in AWS/GCP/Azure. I guess you could host the instance that
             | runs these products ondifferent clouds and it would be the
             | same, but you're still tying yourself to something. The
             | risk of tying yourself to a startup is higher than tying
             | yourself to Amazon/Microsoft/Google. You're trading one
             | evil for another, in most ways you are actually losing
             | freedom with these not gaining it.
             | 
             | > You are contradicting yourself
             | 
             | My point is that there isn't as much vendor lock-in that
             | people fear. Yes it exists, but don't live your life in
             | fear of it. Yes you would need to refactor stuff here and
             | there. But the same architecture diagram we saw for AWS is
             | basically the same one that would exist in Azure or GCP.
             | The underlying tools don't change. The marketing names and
             | logos change, which clearly bothers you, but the underlying
             | system doesn't change.
        
             | kempbellt wrote:
             | Also a cloud engineer. I use a similar setup professionally
             | and for various personal projects.
             | 
             | For someone who isn't familiar with standing up cloud
             | resources the diagram can look overwhelming but once you
             | play around with AWS for a bit, most of the resources you
             | see are fairly boilerplate.
             | 
             | VPC is essentially just setting up a virtual LAN for your
             | resources. S3 is being used as an API mediator to NOAA.
             | CloudFront is a CDN for your API Gateway. Lambdas run your
             | logic. API Gateway triages api requests to lambdas, and a
             | couple other services act as mediators.
             | 
             | There is _some_ vender lock-in in that everything here is
             | built on AWS, but all the major cloud providers have
             | similar /equivalent services. If you decided to move to GCP
             | or Azure you could probably move the entire stack in a few
             | days (maybe more depending on how much your lambdas use AWS
             | specific internal APIs).
             | 
             | If vendor lock-in is a really big concern for you, you can
             | run everything on an EC2 instance running Ubuntu instead.
             | That way you can just spin up your service on another
             | Ubuntu instance in another datacenter, or locally, or
             | whatever.
             | 
             | Soooo, yes. There is some vendor lock-in here, but not
             | much.
             | 
             | To answer your cost question. I run a very similar setup
             | for personal projects and I rarely exceed AWS's free tier
             | for most services. On a high-usage month it's around $85.
             | It isn't super optimized. I could make it cheaper and
             | nearly free if I put in the work.
             | 
             | That said, cost for a service like this scales very
             | proportionally to usage. For example, AWS API Gateway can
             | process 1 million requests for free before they start
             | asking you for money. If the service becomes super popular
             | we'd likely see the "Buy me a coffee" button promoted a
             | little more and eventually you may see a paid tier as an
             | option, but as it is, it's probably pretty affordable to
             | run.
        
               | alexander0042 wrote:
               | I'm the dev behind this, and really appreciate all the
               | insight from actual cloud professionals! Your guess here
               | is spot on, I designed it so that I could more or less
               | fit in the free tier with exactly one user, with costs
               | scaling pretty linearly afterwards. There are a few more
               | optimizations I could do, but it's honestly pretty
               | impressive how much traffic (I'm at about 10 million
               | calls/ month) can be (somewhat) cheaply handled using AWS
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | Easy enough to move to other clouds if it was defined in
         | something like terraform or even cloudformation. Could even
         | move out of the cloud to your own bare metal services pretty
         | easily, since the various components are so well defined. AWS
         | makes the most sense though as stated in the docs because a lot
         | of the data being processed is in S3, and reading data from S3
         | inside of most AWS services is free.
        
         | manigandham wrote:
         | It's rather simple, just messy to look at. It's a timer that
         | triggers a cluster that processes raw data files and uploads
         | the JSON to a server with a reliable file system. Then a Lambda
         | function processes API requests to read that JSON and serve a
         | response.
         | 
         | "Lock-in" is just a trade-off like any other engineering
         | decision, same as what programming language or API schema you
         | choose. AWS is massive and reliable, and these services are
         | cheap and widely available so I don't see much of an issue
         | here.
        
       | ourmandave wrote:
       | How does this differ from NOAA weather.gov api?
       | 
       | https://www.weather.gov/documentation/services-web-api
       | 
       | Or is this a friendlier overlay of their interface?
        
         | cantaloupe wrote:
         | Under "Weather Sources"
         | 
         | > All weather data comes from the AWS open data program
         | https://registry.opendata.aws/collab/noaa/. This is a fantastic
         | program, since it is more reliable than the NOAA distribution,
         | and means there are no data transfer changes!
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | Good question! It's the same underlying models, but three key
         | differences: 1. Pirate Weather returns data following the Dark
         | Sky syntax, as opposed to the custom NWS format. 2. Pirate
         | Weather has global coverage, the NWS API is only for the US. 3.
         | The NWS one uses human forecasters to come up with their
         | forecasts, compared to Pirate Weather's use of raw model
         | results.
        
           | earthscienceman wrote:
           | Only on HN would the NWS format be described as 'custom'.
        
             | vermilingua wrote:
             | Only in the US would you assume your govt's format is
             | 'default'.
        
             | hnarn wrote:
             | I know literally nothing about weather data
             | standardization, but if the format was -- for the sake of
             | argument -- unique to the US for example and another more
             | popular format was used either internationally or de-facto
             | by third parties, I'd say it qualifies as a "custom"
             | format.
        
       | byhemechi wrote:
       | appears to pretty much US only, unfortunately. it's -5 where i am
       | right now, but this claims that it is actually -17 (a very big
       | difference)
        
       | DrBenCarson wrote:
       | @OP you've exceeded your daily cognito limit
        
       | waynecochran wrote:
       | I like having an open API. Every weather site eventually becomes
       | trash as it is loaded with obnoxious ads. Maybe the answer it
       | just to have numerous weather front ends.
        
       | davchana wrote:
       | I usually use forecase.weather.gov They provide a nice textual
       | weather page, with English, for next 7 or 8 days [1]. But it is
       | tiring to open 3 or 4 bookmarks, so I thought to consume that as
       | json & make a single page html app with ajax requests. Its still
       | in progress, I spent few minutes yesterday. The surprising thing
       | was (I was ready to fetch the html text & parse it, difficult), I
       | simply changed one parameter to JSON & I got json [2]. I didn't
       | find any easy to find documentation about json endpoint. My plan
       | is to have city abbreviations on top in horizontal menu, then
       | each click fetches json, puts it into div below.
       | 
       | 1.
       | https://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=37.78&lon=-122...
       | 
       | 2.
       | https://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=37.98&lon=-120...
        
         | vel0city wrote:
         | That is cool the web front end exposes itself as JSON as well,
         | good tip.
         | 
         | FWIW, they also have a pretty decent API. Its based around
         | zones though, which you'd need to look up. So from that lat and
         | lon, you'd get the zone from:
         | 
         | https://api.weather.gov/points/37.7827,-120.38
         | 
         | Using the zone information, you can get to a forecast:
         | 
         | https://api.weather.gov/gridpoints/STO/72,24/forecast
         | 
         | If you're wanting the current observations, you'd pick a
         | station for that grid such as MOUC1 and go to its
         | observations/latest endpoint:
         | 
         | https://api.weather.gov/stations/MOUC1/observations/latest
         | 
         | The API is in a JSON-LD format so its got a lot of links to
         | related topics in the actual JSON payload. Looking at the JSON
         | can make it somewhat easy to feel out what you need. The
         | documentation is here:
         | 
         | https://www.weather.gov/documentation/services-web-api
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Related discussion about Merry Sky, a Dark Sky replacement built
       | on this
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34155191
        
       | NoboruWataya wrote:
       | > Why "PirateWeather"? I've always thought that the HRRR model
       | was pronounced the same way as the classic pirate "ARRR". Also,
       | there is one company out there that thinks APIs can be
       | copyrighted, which might apply here.
       | 
       | This answers the first question I had upon seeing the name, which
       | was, is it free, open, documented _and legal_? Based on the above
       | the answer seems to be  "probably".
       | 
       | Very commendable effort, and I hope the project can last. It
       | seems to be very difficult to maintain a free and reliable
       | weather API so hopefully the dev is not biting off more than he
       | can chew.
        
         | kxrm wrote:
         | > is it free, open, documented _and legal_?
         | 
         | I think it says something that we live in a world where NOAA
         | data could be seen as an underground or less than legal means
         | of getting the weather.
         | 
         | Perhaps AccuWeather has been successful in their campaign to
         | keep free weather data as obscure as possible.
        
           | qup wrote:
           | I think it's more about it having "pirate" in the name that
           | makes one question its legality.
        
         | alexander0042 wrote:
         | I'm the dev behind this, so always great to hear things like
         | this! I really struggled to try to come up with a name. My
         | first thought was "Bright Ground" (opposite of Dark Sky), but
         | that seemed a little too on the nose. Luckily, the legal aspect
         | of this (I'm in the clear!) was pretty well settled after the
         | final Oracle v. Google case, but at the time was a big enough
         | deal that it seemed relevant, and the HRRR model was another
         | plus. I should update that README though, since it's now very
         | definitely legal!
        
           | calebegg wrote:
           | Lol I named my version "Bright Earth" as an opposition to
           | dark sky (brightearth.app)
        
         | jacurtis wrote:
         | I agree, PirateWeather seems like a misbrand here. When I read
         | it, i thought it was stealing weather data or something. On the
         | web, the term "pirate" generally doesn't mean good things. This
         | name almost implies that it is illegal or something.
         | 
         | I'm imagining designing a software product around this and
         | presenting it to a C-Level, explaining that we use
         | "PirateWeather" and I think I'm going to get grilled with lots
         | of questions and concerns based on the name alone.
         | 
         | This is a good service and should be "branded" with a better
         | name. Maybe a play on the whole DarkSky name like LightSky or
         | "Sunset" which works exceptionally well since DarkSky was
         | sunset by Apple. Maybe StarrySky, LateSky, NewSky.
         | 
         | I am usually someone who says that names don't matter as much
         | as people think they do, but PirateWeather just seems like a
         | huge hit in the wrong direction. But the product is solid so
         | maybe it can survive despite the name.
        
           | holoduke wrote:
           | Maybe most of the good products come out of places without
           | too many C level types :)
        
           | alexander0042 wrote:
           | I'm the dev for this, so can shed some light on this! Weather
           | Underground was a pretty out there choice- I guess the kind
           | of people who like putting together weather APIs aren't great
           | at naming things. I considered "Bright Ground", and still
           | have the domain name for it, so maybe it'd be worth spinning
           | up another API endpoint/ branding that uses that and has a
           | more commercial focus, keeping Pirate Weather as the free and
           | open source branding.
        
             | nivenkos wrote:
             | Weather Underground would be hilarious.
        
             | ummonk wrote:
             | That would actually be a great idea.
        
             | guntherhermann wrote:
             | FWIW I love the name Pirate Weather. Thanks for the work!
        
           | jameshart wrote:
           | I guess at least it's a step up from the time someone was
           | trying to brand a grassroots weather data collection effort
           | and decided to name it after a terrorist organization.
           | 
           | I'm a massive fan of - and indeed contribute data to - the
           | weather underground project, but the naming has always made
           | me a little uncomfortable.
        
       | wendyshu wrote:
       | https://pirateweather.net/apis isn't loading for me
        
       | hk1337 wrote:
       | I cannot load the apis page right now. Is this just current
       | weather data or do you offer historical weather data too?
        
       | pbmango wrote:
       | This is great. Can endorse LuckGrib for IoS folks as well. Great
       | UI and can pull NOAA and EU models. https://luckgrib.com/. Not
       | FOSS but worth the $20 I paid once several years ago. Popular
       | among wind sports enthusiasts many of who are hobbyist
       | meteorologists.
        
       | jron wrote:
       | I was really hoping https://merrysky.net/ had a graphical
       | forecast similar to weather underground's 10 day. I've yet to
       | find anything else that quickly shows everything you'd want to
       | know in a single image. Even the mouseover timeline is
       | perfection. It is so good and seemingly exclusive to WU that I
       | sometimes wonder if they hold a patent for it.
        
         | chrisweekly wrote:
         | Related tangent: Windy (iOS app) does a remarkably good job
         | providing multiple data sources and terrific dataviz.
        
         | rsync wrote:
         | "... similar to weather underground's 10 day ..."
         | 
         | Came here, like I come to every weather API/tool discussion, to
         | ask the same thing ... I would really like a less spammy, less
         | bloated 10-day forecast a la WU.
         | 
         | This comes close, however - there's a nice 7-day lookahead ...
         | is it possible that WU is just fudging days 8-9-10 and no
         | _real_ data is available beyond 7 days ?
        
         | PraetorianGourd wrote:
         | The _presentation_ is impressive, but the forecast is often the
         | raw output from various models, and thus not entirely reliable.
         | For example, I live in a valley where most forecast models
         | smooth over giving more snow/cold than we ever get.
        
           | bleomycin wrote:
           | I have a similar issue living on a hill with the windy.com
           | forecasts. Have you had success finding any forecast
           | source/app that's accurate for your microclimate? Everyone
           | always points to forecastadvisor.com but that's always
           | pulling from some airport 20 miles away for me totally
           | irrelevant.
        
         | traceroute66 wrote:
         | Try Ventusky (https://www.ventusky.com/)
        
         | xd1936 wrote:
         | I agree with you, but I've also found the https://windy.com
         | timeline along the bottom to be similarly informative, with
         | ECMWF data to boot.
        
       | DotaFan wrote:
       | I really like this free Forecase API too https://developer.yr.no/
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | One of the things that I've found on yr.no that I haven't seen
         | on any other weather app is the classification of cloud level.
         | 
         | For example:
         | https://www.yr.no/en/details/table/2-4407066/United%20States...
         | 
         | You will see not only the cloud cover as an overall percentage,
         | but also the different levels. A 50 in the middle is very
         | different than 50 in low in terms of what you can expect that
         | day (for photographs).
        
       | pca2 wrote:
       | Can confirm pirateweather.net's forecast API working as a drop-in
       | replacement for DarkSky's. I was able to fix a soon to be broken
       | DarkSky bitbar script by just replacing the URLs/API keys to
       | pirateweather's in under 5 minutes.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | I assume there's no recourse for iOS users?
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | If you are using the current version of iOS, the new weather
           | app _rocks_ in terms of functionality (IMHO better than the
           | previous version of Dark Sky).
           | 
           | If you are on an old version of iOS and mourn the loss of
           | DarkSky app, I personally like MyRadar - it has some very
           | nice features and I used in tandem with DarkSky in the past.
           | 
           | If you are after writing an iOS app, you already have an
           | Apple developer account allowing for 500k calls/month.
           | 
           | If you are after writing an iOS app and want to use DarkSky
           | rather than WeatherKit, Pirate Weather should also be a drop
           | in replacement.
        
             | macintux wrote:
             | The new iOS Weather app certainly has lots of
             | functionality, lots of data, but I mourn the clean,
             | streamlined Dark Sky interface.
             | 
             | Plus the temperature map, unlike the radar map, no longer
             | allows you to change to a future date/time to see how the
             | temperature changes are going to progress across a larger
             | region, which I always found interesting.
             | 
             | Very unfortunate.
        
               | antihero wrote:
               | Also the live map just looks weird and interpolated now.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | iOS Weather is pretty nice. But I can't quite love it,
             | because it frequently tells my wife and I different values
             | for current temperature, all while proclaiming to be giving
             | data for the same small city. I can manually program the
             | city in and get it to do the same thing. Hard to trust it.
             | 
             | Also, it's almost always wrong with rain predictions. But
             | so was Dark Sky, so that's fair.
        
               | dv_dt wrote:
               | Yup it's pretty bad - I kept comparing it to the nws
               | mobile site and the iOS weather app was frequently wrong
               | vs the nws and real outcomes
        
           | aendruk wrote:
           | Do you run BitBar on iOS?
        
           | jagged-chisel wrote:
           | Any particular reason you couldn't do the same? Just replace
           | URLs.
        
             | justusthane wrote:
             | I think they're asking about continuing to use the DarkSky
             | app. In which case, no. The new Weather app in iOS 16 does
             | add some DarkSky features, but I don't think it's as good.
        
         | dzhiurgis wrote:
         | > I was able to fix a soon to be broken DarkSky bitbar script
         | 
         | Please fork it for us lazy ones
        
       | earthscienceman wrote:
       | It's going to be a tangential comment but I work in science
       | research that's adjacent to weather forecasting and I find the
       | political/technical jockeying that is happening with forecasting
       | to be fascinating. It's a nexus of capitalism, federal government
       | spending, politics, and technology that has very real
       | implications for individual Americans.
       | 
       | In summary: horrible oversight by the federal govt (read,
       | congress) of our technical/scientific forecasting resources means
       | that our forecasting ability is extremely fragmented and poorly
       | organized. This has lead to a lot of companies being essentially
       | resellers of public data. These companies claim to create a lot
       | of value added products ('cleaner APIs', 'minutecasts', etc etc)
       | that are either scientifically dubious or technically simple and
       | then these companies walk away with huge profits based on being a
       | portal to government data.
       | 
       | It's so American it is almost laughable, all while the European
       | ECMWF eats our lunch in terms of accuracy even for the CONUS.
       | I've discussed this on technical internet forums often enough
       | that I can practically already write the replies to my own
       | comment. "What's the problem with that?" etc et al. But the
       | reality of it is that it's emblematic of how politically broken
       | the US is, in particular with regards to the agencies in charge
       | of scientific products and funding. Not to mention the concrete
       | problems with the forecast products themselves.
       | 
       | Anyway. Good luck pirate weather and godspeed. Information was
       | meant to be free and open, especially the forecast. It's such a
       | laughably simple problem that could/should be so easily solved
       | but, alas, there is money to be made!
        
         | jaybo_nomad wrote:
         | A thousand times this!
        
         | billiam wrote:
         | Have any nerdy Congresspeople wanted to solve this ridiculous
         | inefficiency in recent years. Seems like a natural "the
         | Europeans kick our ass at forecasting" message would go over
         | well and potentially negate the lobbying from Weather Channel
         | and others with a vested interest in perpetuating this stupid
         | situation.
        
           | counters wrote:
           | Yes, Congress passed the Weather Research and Forecasting
           | Innovation Act back in 2017 which not only gave massive
           | funding injection to model development activities, data
           | procurement, and more, but also formalized the new next-
           | generation community modeling initiatives which are focused
           | on tackling the dominance of the EC models in the 2-5 day
           | forecast space.
           | 
           | The diagnosis of the problems of the American forecast
           | modeling community here is based on flawed premises. There
           | are three major factors which led to the ECMWF leap-frogging
           | the US in day-ahead forecasting capability. The first is the
           | consolidated investment in supercomputing resources; the
           | WRFIA tackles this by earmarking a much larger allocation of
           | funding for NOAA's next gen supercomputer, but this still
           | pales in comparison to ECMWF investments.
           | 
           | The second factor is the fragmentation of the research and
           | operational weather modeling communities due to the divergent
           | investment from NOAA and USAF in the 90's and 2000's; USAF in
           | conjunction with NCAR sponsored the development of the WRF
           | model which was widely adopted by the research community.
           | NOAA continued investing the GFS lineage of models. The
           | bifurcation of these communities slowed down the ability to
           | matriculate advances in model developments to operations, and
           | this was exacerbated by an old, closed-off approach by NOAA
           | which made it extraordinarily difficult to run and develop
           | the GFS on anything other than NOAA hardware.
           | 
           | Finally, the ECMWF went all-in on 4DVAR data assimilation in
           | the late 90's, whereas the American community pursued a
           | diversity of other approaches ranging from 4DVAR to ensemble
           | Kalman filters. 4DVAR necessitates advances to core weather
           | model software (e.g. you need to write a model's adjoint or
           | its tangent linear in order to actually use 4DVAR) adn the
           | US' failure to adopt it led, imo to a "double edged sword"
           | effect of (a) failing to provide impetus to greatly improve
           | the US modeling software suite and supporting tools, and (b)
           | being a worse assimilation technique unless advanced EnsKF
           | techniques are employed using very large ensembles of models
           | (expensive).
           | 
           | The other problem as others have pointed out is that there is
           | no accountability in the US private sector weather market.
           | Virtually every player is re-transmitting raw model guidance
           | or statistical post-processed forecasts using DiCast, _maybe_
           | with a some manual tweaking of forecast fields by humans. But
           | this is not transparent, and many companies - if we're being
           | charitable, here - are not honest about what they're actually
           | doing to produce their forecasts. Put another way - there's a
           | lot of BS claims out there, and it seems that investors have
           | been more than happy to fund it over the past few years.
        
             | earthscienceman wrote:
             | I disagree that my (extremely broad) diagnosis of the
             | problems with forecasting in America is based on flawed
             | premises. You've provided thorough, correct, and important
             | details here but my comment was aimed at the broader HN
             | audience, not on writing the central argument for a
             | discussion on the historical timeline. I think what I said,
             | "Horrible oversight by the federal govt (read, congress) of
             | our technical/scientific forecasting resources means that
             | our forecasting ability is extremely fragmented and poorly
             | organized." is a very concise summary of the things you've
             | laid out here.
             | 
             | As for the details in your comments, the only thing I
             | disagree with strongly is the comment about investment in
             | computing. While sufficient computing resources are central
             | to good forecasting, the lack of investment by NOAA in
             | computing (I sit at NOAA) is a red herring. ECMWF is
             | significantly better than either of the two available
             | American forecasts because they are just better at what
             | they do, all around. In particular with respect to data
             | assimilation. I've sat at meetings with ECMWF forecasters
             | who have asked for access to my in-situ data products and
             | their pipeline is as simple as "point us to the data
             | please". Their data assimilation pipeline is so much more
             | sophisticated and thorough that catching up on that alone
             | would be a huge huge leap. Mind you, not just '4DVAR' the
             | methodology, but literally the way that the community finds
             | and integrates observational data.
             | 
             | ECMWF, the organization, is quite literally structured to
             | strictly accomplish the goal of 'improve the forecast'.
             | Whereas, again broadly, the American institutions are much
             | more a congolemerate of associated researchers doing
             | individual science projects while small teams work on
             | specific segments of the forecast. Yes, we are attempting
             | to fix this. No, we haven't fixed it yet.
             | 
             | This is not to say I don't think we should fund computing
             | or that computing won't help. But we are quite literally
             | 5-10 years of research behind on multiple fronts.
        
               | counters wrote:
               | The thing about the computing is that it has impacted the
               | culture surrounding NWP model development within the
               | American modeling community. At ECMWF, there is capacity
               | in the primary systems to support R&D, so the total cost
               | to the community to maintain this capability is much
               | lower than in the US where everything is fragmented. If
               | there was greater capacity for researchers to run GFS on
               | the limited number of systems with first-class (or any)
               | support, it may have helped consolidate the community.
               | 
               | Totally acknowledge that there are other takes here. And
               | I have a bit of skepticism about how much EPIC will
               | really achieve and what it can do to resolve these
               | issues. But I don't necessarily agree that the science at
               | EC is 5-10 years ahead of the American community's.
               | What's matriculated R2O is definitely a few years ahead,
               | of us, especially for medium-range forecasting. But the
               | US likely still maintains a competitive edge in
               | mesoscale/rapid refresh forecasting, and even though
               | we've lost key developers to the private sector recently,
               | the NBM seems (in my admittedly limited experience) to
               | perform favorably to similar products out of ECMWF or
               | other European national weather services.
               | 
               | Your point about ECMWF being fundamentally structured
               | with the singular goal of improving the forecast is super
               | important - I 100% agree with that, and the US has yet to
               | do much of anything to address this.
        
         | jmbwell wrote:
         | 100%.
         | 
         | There is enormous data available at https://www.weather.gov/ at
         | no charge, including hourly and weekly forecasts, spot
         | forecasts, radar (multiple layers, with/without animation) and
         | satellite (multiple layers, with/without animation), plus storm
         | watches, hurricane info, historical data, climate data...
         | 
         | I guess it's nice that apps can do things like advise me that
         | it might start raining in a few minutes, but often by the time
         | I see those alerts, the water on my head has alerted me anyway.
         | 
         | All other weather apps, it seems to me, are for little more
         | than tracking my location and serving me relevant ads.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | As someone living in continental Europe there's one thing I
         | haven't found anything remotely close to NHC quality forecasts.
         | Curious what you think of that institution?
        
       | none_to_remain wrote:
       | Is there a linguistic shift happening here where this is no
       | longer "a service implementing the same API as Dark Sky", rather
       | it is "an API"
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | what ive always wanted is a competent API for weather.gov, but
       | theres just no impetus to get NOAA to drop their convoluted
       | pseudo-XML gobbledygook.
        
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