[HN Gopher] Rackspace founder says it's 'on trajectory of death.'
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Rackspace founder says it's 'on trajectory of death.'
        
       Author : dctoedt
       Score  : 180 points
       Date   : 2023-01-10 12:19 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.expressnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.expressnews.com)
        
       | mike503 wrote:
       | I've migrated multiple companies away from RS, usually to AWS.
       | Very easy workloads and RS was charging them way too much without
       | any useful support. This isn't surprising.
        
       | ehutch79 wrote:
       | At least their object storage service has super old ssl, and
       | breaks under recent ubuntu lts versions, or really any ssl config
       | that's reasonably secure.
       | 
       | ETA for a fix? q2, q3 2023
        
       | sidewndr46 wrote:
       | The downfall of Rackspace started even before the Apollo
       | acquisition. It was obvious back then that the company no longer
       | had anything unique to offer the market.
        
       | aaronharnly wrote:
       | We tried using Rackspace as an AWS reseller, as they were
       | offering a better discount and support package than AWS directly
       | at the time.
       | 
       | Our experience was:
       | 
       | * the "support" mainly acted as a slow and unreliable go-between
       | to AWS support
       | 
       | * their billing was manual, slow, and inaccurate (which was
       | highly alarming!)
       | 
       | * whenever we raised issues with their performance, they would
       | try to sell us consulting services
       | 
       | We are not renewing.
        
         | bastawhiz wrote:
         | I wanted better CloudFront pricing and AWS referred me to
         | Onica, which later got acquired by RS. Frankly I don't really
         | use it, I just get better bandwidth pricing and they charge me
         | for AWS support (I've only ever messaged AWS directly, not
         | Onica/RS). Honestly I don't know what they get out of the deal
         | except maybe a kickback on the support I'm required to pay for,
         | but I'd have paid that anyway if AWS asks.
         | 
         | If they die off, I guess I won't miss it, but I can't say it's
         | been a problem.
        
       | pyb wrote:
       | This is what's technically known as a "Ratner moment".
        
         | dreamcompiler wrote:
         | The founder in question no longer works there.
        
       | watersb wrote:
       | Malls are cool again. They could sell theirs.
        
       | tristor wrote:
       | I was a Racker from 2010 to 2014, I left shortly after Lanham
       | did, I was also located in San Antonio near Castle until 2022.
       | It's a very sad thing that Rackspace is dying, but I must concur
       | with the assessment. Apollo, like most private equity firms, is a
       | bunch of bean-counters who are focused on financializing
       | acquisitions, using their assets as leverage to extract money,
       | and then offloading it to bag holders in the market who ride it
       | down into the abyss. When I left Rackspace they had no debt, a
       | massive war chest, and a reasonably competitive product offering
       | to AWS that could have been capitalized on. As soon as Lanham
       | left and they put an MBA sales guy in as CEO (Taylor Rhodes), and
       | I heard rumors they'd turned down an acquisition from a major
       | tech company but were considering a sell-out, I left to go do
       | startups, and so did many other top-tier Rackers.
       | 
       | It used to be commonplace in South Texas (San Antonio / Austin)
       | tech scene to meet new Rackers and talk to them about the old
       | days, and just generally see Rackers having a huge presence in
       | startups and tech. You still see a lot of former Rackers around,
       | but they're all so far removed from those days now that this is
       | not how we identify when we introduce ourselves. Not much new
       | blood. Apollo decided it would be more financially sound to get
       | rid of the core values, end "fanatical support", delete the
       | fanatiguy logo and branding, and then lay off every single non-
       | management American worker to replace them with 2-3 people
       | working overseas from India. Rackspace support has been a boiler
       | room bottom-barrel call center since at least 2019, and the
       | pandemic massively accelerated what was already on the horizon.
       | 
       | The company has been culturally dead and financially doomed far
       | before the ransomware attack. The ransomware attack is just the
       | final nail in the coffin. Apollo took a ~$5B company with no
       | debt, loaded it up to do multiple acquisitions theoretically
       | worth $2B ($7B if you're following) and made it worth less than
       | $1B on market. Real geniuses there, who managed to completely
       | destroy a solid American company that helped create a burgeoning
       | tech scene outside of the Bay Area, so they could pocket the
       | money personally as they drove the company into bankruptcy.
       | 
       | It's unfortunately a tale as old as time, or at least as old as
       | the 80s. Private equity is a bunch of sharks doing leveraged
       | buyouts to con retail investors into holding the bag. Hasn't
       | changed since I've been alive, and isn't likely to change before
       | I die. The moment Rackspace sold to Apollo, they were on the
       | trajectory of death. It just took awhile for reality to set in
       | and consequences to catch up.
       | 
       | I don't always agree with Yoo and I don't agree with everything
       | he said in this article, but he's absolutely right about bean
       | counters ruining tech companies.
        
       | systems wrote:
       | well, back to basics people are blaming the MBA for ruining this
       | company, but I have to disagree, I think there is good MBAs and
       | bad MBAs
       | 
       | since the 90s, MBA are thought about change and agility rackspace
       | failure is basic, they failed to adapt to change, and were not
       | agile this is a basic , basic scenario
       | 
       | they had a bad MBA, a good MBA would have seen this long before
       | it happened and would have made necessary changes , companies
       | change and adapt all the time led by good MBAs
        
       | alberth wrote:
       | Rackspace was one of the first big "cloud" companies, before
       | cloud was a word.
       | 
       | They went in the direction of OpenStack, which didn't pan out.
       | 
       | While at the sametime, Amazon ran the "Oracle playbook" and
       | started offering Apps.
        
         | johnvanommen wrote:
         | OpenStack is more popular than ever.
         | 
         | I always find it odd that people dismiss it.
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | Good point about OpenStack. If it had succeeded, Rackspace
         | would have been in a much better spot. They invested a ton into
         | it.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | It wasn't OpenStack, that was just the attempt to recover.
         | 
         | Rackspace just lost. They failed to grow into a market leader
         | before their industry commoditized. When you're in the early
         | rush, growth is all that matters. But now if you want to
         | compete with AWS, you need to be cheaper to operate than they
         | are, and that's extremely hard if you're not at their scale.
         | GCP and Azure can do it, little companies can't.
        
           | gamegoblin wrote:
           | The one caveat here is that little companies can compete in
           | particular niches in which they can provide a more tailored
           | solution.
           | 
           | For instance, Lambda Labs is "AWS for ML". They have GPU
           | cloud instances with pre-configured ML packages and a network
           | attached filesystem. That's all you need.
           | 
           | The other day, I wanted to run Stable Diffusion, but I don't
           | have a GPU. I went to spin up a GPU instance in AWS, but got
           | hit with a quota limit. By default, AWS accounts have a quota
           | limit of 0 for GPU instances. Presumably to prevent
           | fraudulent crypto mining. You have to file a support ticket
           | that is manually looked at by humans to get this limit
           | raised. In my case, it took 4 days for them to raise it.
           | 
           | I had an A100 instance running in minutes on Lambda Labs.
           | It's significantly cheaper than AWS, too.
           | 
           | I'll be using Lambda Labs for all my future GPU needs,
           | significantly better experience.
        
             | strgcmc wrote:
             | I get your point about small companies occupying a niche as
             | their distinct competitive advantage, but in this case, one
             | has to ask the obvious question: why doesn't Lambda Labs
             | have a problem with fraudulent crypto mining, if the bar
             | for entry is so low and it's so much easier to be up and
             | running in minutes?
             | 
             | And whatever the answer is, one hopes that there is some
             | particular reason why Lambda Labs doesn't think AWS could
             | replicate it... otherwise, it wouldn't be a durable enough
             | moat to defend their business model long-term.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | That's quite easy to explain. They don't have a problem
               | because the people that contract them do it explicitly to
               | run GPUs. They don't have to protect a massive number of
               | people that don't exactly know what they are hiring.
        
               | strgcmc wrote:
               | That makes sense under a certain set of assumptions I
               | suppose, namely that you might think AWS's problem arises
               | mostly from normal customers not realizing that someone
               | has hijacked their account to run GPU crypto mining
               | without their knowledge, because GPU instances were not
               | their intended use case. So "people that don't know what
               | they are hiring" is the failure mode you're concerned
               | with.
               | 
               | But I wonder more about, say a fraudster using stolen
               | credit cards or gift card abuse, to open an account, or
               | abuse a free trial, and if Lambda Labs makes it super
               | easy and low friction to start up a GPU, then the
               | fraudster can open an account, mine crypto immediately,
               | rack up as much crypto as they can for days or a month
               | until billing fails or trial expires, and just try to
               | squeeze Lambda for as much computing power as they can
               | subject to Lambda's ability to detect fraud.
               | 
               | Low friction for customers, usually translates directly
               | to higher risk of abuse. AWS adds its limits and friction
               | for a reason, not because they enjoy making life harder
               | (esp. since, easier for customers == more
               | business/revenue).
        
             | arsenico wrote:
             | There's Vercel, there's Netlify, there are more. They all
             | have their niche offerings, which sometimes beat what AWS
             | does. However, they're not a _generic_ cloud hosting
             | provider as Rackspace is. Seems like specialisation is the
             | only way out for them.
        
             | godzillabrennus wrote:
             | Niches like this are often ephemeral and poor uses of
             | capital in the long run. Early on they prove a need exists
             | and can be profitably satiated with the right solution. As
             | long as the market stays minuscule the company introducing
             | the solution has a moat to be a lifestyle business. Once
             | the market is sizable enough though a big guy just offers
             | the same service and consumes the market share.
        
           | sixothree wrote:
           | I think the ability to compete with AWS and Azure has crossed
           | a threshold. If I tell a customer we host their data on a
           | platform that is not AWS or Azure, we will have a lot of
           | explaining to do before the answer is accepted. If I tell
           | them it's on AWS they will simply ask a set of particular
           | questions about patterns and practices.
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | Rackspace is a zombie company at this point. They lost a SAN
       | during some maintenance, no backups, remote volumes lost. And
       | first tier support can't debug Linux VM liveness issues. They
       | have to talk file a ticket and get a Linux SME on the case.
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | At least the private-equity folks Apollo Management Group got
       | their pound of flesh, though, eh?
        
       | tzs wrote:
       | They've pretty much guaranteed I won't return as a customer due
       | to one extremely stupid thing they have done with accounts (at
       | least as of the time I moved to another provider...I don't know
       | if they have since changed this): deleting all your servers,
       | storage, name server configuration and all other things you have
       | set up does _not_ reduce your monthly bill to $0. To reduce your
       | monthly bill to $0 you must delete your account. An account using
       | no services still gets hit with a $5 /month fee for support [1].
       | 
       | That means that if I ever want something they offer and they have
       | a slightly better deal than someplace I have an account with,
       | their deal with have to be sufficiently better to be worth the
       | hassle of creating a new account. That's fairly unlikely so I
       | probably won't be back.
       | 
       | [1] That fee was why I left. I just had one instance of the
       | smallest VM they offered, plus storage for a couple backups, plus
       | name service for my domain. The VM was used for a very low
       | traffic website and hosting my email. When they added that
       | $5/month support fee it raised my costs about 30%. I switched to
       | Amazon Lightsail for my VM and switched from hosting my own email
       | on my VM to hosting it with Fastmail. That comes to $8.32/month.
        
       | linuxftw wrote:
       | Rackspace was taken private, saddled with a bunch of debt while
       | the stuffing cash into Apollo's pocket, and then re-IPO'd so
       | Apollo could fleece the market.
       | 
       | Major IPOs go into 401ks, Wall street wins, the average American
       | is left holding the bag.
       | 
       | Rackspace currently has $5B in liabilities! Any fund manager that
       | bough Rackspace after it re-IPO's should be in prison for fraud.
       | The banks that underwrote the IPO should be in prison for fraud.
        
       | bsuvc wrote:
       | More anecdata: I'm working with a customer right now who will be
       | moving all their apps off Rackspace to one of the big cloud
       | providers later this year (work is underway currently).
        
       | gorjusborg wrote:
       | https://archive.is/ISYqD
        
       | mgkimsal wrote:
       | Initial experiences with Rackspace in late 1999 and early 2000. I
       | was amazed that every time I called 'support' I got a real live
       | person. I called at 3am once on a Saturday, got a live person
       | answering, and was connected with a competent support engineer in
       | about 90 seconds. I was impressed.
       | 
       | The server(s) we had cost a lot, but knowing you could connect
       | with someone competent 24/7 was amazing.
       | 
       | Then... a few months later... we _had_ to use it, and it was
       | good, but they were about 2 minutes away from wiping our main
       | drive. We 'd requested a new beefier server and requested either
       | the drive be moved or everything copied over to the new server.
       | 
       | Got a message new server was up - great. Logged in - nothing.
       | Connect to old server? Nope - offline/disconnected. Ugh. Calling
       | in got me a live person, and I stressed the urgency. We did get
       | connected with someone, and they did find the right person, who
       | was about to wipe the previous server. Crisis averted, but...
       | immediately I start asking why the support ticket showed all
       | requests as 'done' when... they weren't.
       | 
       | We stayed a while longer, but it felt like they were growing too
       | quickly even then to keep the 'fanatical support' model that
       | initially attracted us. FWIW, I had a couple of dedicated servers
       | at a small place in NH, and they were... $70-$80/month on
       | average. The rackspace servers typically started at $500/month. I
       | think we were paying about $1800/month for the setup in question
       | at the time of the crisis. My belief in 'you get what you pay
       | for' was impacted that day.
       | 
       | I had another client years later (2010? 2012?) that used them and
       | it felt like a completely different beast, far more generic and
       | commodity like every other competitor, and I've never since
       | looked at them again.
        
         | jeffwask wrote:
         | Similar experiences, they were amazing for the first couple
         | years I was on a team that worked with them. They really
         | provided amazing support and took a lot of the burden of
         | managing infrastructure off our smaller teams. Then it changed,
         | the writing was on the wall as public crowds grew but one of my
         | last experience was of them wiping out one of my databases
         | doing what should have been a non-destructive drive expansion.
         | The kicker was they restored from backup, a backup from the
         | previous evening and didn't bother to inform us. We found out
         | when customers started calling asking where their previous days
         | data was. Accidents happen but the whole cover up was
         | unforgivable.
        
           | preommr wrote:
           | Question for HN crowd: What would a small startup even do in
           | this case?
           | 
           | - Talk to a lawyer?
           | 
           | - Wait for customers to contact support, or send out an
           | email?
           | 
           | - Explain that a third party cloud service was at fault, or
           | just give some general apology?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Never trust ANYONE, even yourself.
             | 
             | You should have "oh shit" backups with another provider
             | entirely, and in-house offline.
        
               | mixmastamyk wrote:
               | "TNOEY" coined.
        
             | gurchik wrote:
             | Any company, even a startup, should have procedures in
             | place for what to do when data loss occurs. I would hope
             | that any service I'm a paying customer of would proactively
             | reach out to customers in the event of data loss. Blaming
             | the cloud service provider isn't enough because backups are
             | ultimately your responsibility. But doing the "right" think
             | is pretty tough if your cloud provider is not being honest
             | with you.
        
         | markatto wrote:
         | I had very mixed experiences as a customer in ~2009 - it was
         | definitely possible to get through to someone very competent,
         | but it was pretty difficult. We were trying to use their
         | "cloud" VPS offerings (I believe it was openstack-based, and I
         | liked the idea of supporting something more open than AWS),
         | which were extremely buggy (for example, we had to default-
         | retry every api operation multiple times in scripts because
         | pretty much every type of call failed 40% of the time.) I
         | generally had better success getting information about outages
         | by reaching out employees I knew on freenode than I did through
         | official support channels.
        
       | dmix wrote:
       | > He puts the blame for Rackspace's deepening financial struggles
       | -- it's posted a steady string of quarterly losses, and the value
       | of its stock has fallen 80 percent in the past year -- on its
       | replacement of tech-oriented leadership with board members and
       | managers "who don't have any connection with the product.
       | 
       | This seems to be the natural cycle for the vast majority of
       | business, especially when the original founders leave or get
       | pushed out. They enter a long period of stagnancy before the
       | weight builds up and it collapses, or more often gets absorbed
       | into a larger firm seeking a monopoly.
       | 
       | The longer term Google/Meta stories are the rare exception. And
       | that's not always a bad thing by any means.
        
         | googlryas wrote:
         | Why does this happen? It seems to be self inflicted fatal
         | wounding that businesses would try to avoid.
         | 
         | Is it just principal/agent problem by those who are in a
         | position to extract funds from the company? Do people think "it
         | will be different this time!"?
        
           | rgbrenner wrote:
           | It's not something they can avoid. These companies were often
           | dead before any of those changes were made; and none of those
           | changes would have been made if the company was growing and
           | healthy.
           | 
           | Let's say you're a late 90s company that rents servers to
           | people (yes, Rackspace). There are lots of these companies,
           | so to differentiate yourself, you hire some smart people to
           | provide tech support and managed servers. You charge quite a
           | bit of money (IIRC, they would charge like 400-500/mo for
           | their cheapest server). Core technical ability is: managing
           | data center costs/infrastructure and server administration
           | (whatever is in RHEL certification). Companies love you, and
           | give you lots of money.
           | 
           | You operate this way for the next decade. Then one day a
           | company comes along and says, _we 'll let people rent servers
           | hourly for a couple of dollars. No support._ Some of your
           | customers move a few workloads over, sales get a tiny bit
           | harder... but your core customer base stays, because you sell
           | fully managed servers and AWS doesn't. Your customers arent
           | AWS customers, for the most part.
           | 
           | This is the foothold in the market that will eventually
           | destroy your business... AWS will keep adding services, and
           | eventually support contracts (which most people wont buy,
           | meaning in general, AWS will be cheaper than rackspace). Each
           | time AWS becomes more competitive, your position deteriorates
           | slightly.
           | 
           | At some point, you recognize the threat, and decide to do
           | something. You have two choices, which may be only one,
           | depending on how much cash/resources you have available: 1)
           | Start building features and services to duplicate your
           | competitor. These will be expensive and becomes more
           | difficult if the core competency of the two businesses isnt
           | the same (like if you admin servers, and need to produce lots
           | of software). This will burn through your capital and shorten
           | your lifespan if it fails; and/or 2) You can control costs to
           | ensure the business remains profitable. This will increase
           | your life in the short term but ensure it fails in the long
           | term.
           | 
           | The options that many lay people think of like decreasing
           | prices, or increasing sales (somehow??) arent real options. A
           | product has an entire structure behind it to deliver it, and
           | just decreasing prices will not solve the competitive
           | position, while increasing losses. So shortened life span,
           | and no solution. Increasing sales isnt really an option,
           | because if you could sell more you would... when customers
           | have another option they prefer, selling to them becomes
           | virtually impossible. If you run ads, for example, you'll see
           | your metrics deteriorate, and this will limit your ad reach.
           | 
           | Now, rackspace did both of these things... they developed
           | openstack... which was terrible (software from a non-software
           | company, likely contributed to that)... and when that failed
           | they went the cost control route.
           | 
           | My point is: No decision was made to put the company in this
           | position... it's a position they found themselves in... and
           | unless the leader can copy or innovate rapidly to save the
           | company, or move the company into another segment... they'll
           | find themselves in this poor position and likely eventually
           | die. This bar is incredibly difficult to overcome: even if
           | the founder was innovative, finding a new innovative product
           | on short notice on demand while the source of funding for
           | that declines.... most people will fail. This is why
           | microsoft, facebook, google put an emphasis on innovating,
           | even when they do not need to... easier to innovate when your
           | position is strong, than in the final days of your core
           | business.
        
             | pas wrote:
             | thanks for typing this out!
             | 
             | it was so strange to see Rackspace left in the dust by AWS,
             | despite Rackspace seemingly going full steam ahead with
             | OpenStack.
             | 
             | yeah, OpenStack was a stinking pile of python shit cobbled
             | together with RabbitMQ, mysql, an ungodly amount of hope
             | and iptables rules... but AWS was also literally just a lot
             | of Perl scripts under the hood, with a UI and UX that made
             | DIY silicon plus Linux from Scratch appealing.
             | 
             | yet AWS is now an undisputed king (with the same steak
             | knives in my eyes UI/UX), and Rackspace is dying. but
             | OpenStack lives on, and during this time k8s appeared from
             | nothing and completely turned many things upside down.
             | 
             | it seems the hard truth is that "fanatical support" was
             | great, but it was simply not pushed far enough, and it took
             | someone like Jeff Bezos to commit to it. (see "consumer
             | obsession"). and probably the lynchpin behind "why AWS grew
             | so big" is that the whole profit of Amazon was pumped into
             | it. AWS has more PoPs, more services, more knobs, ... than
             | Rackspace and OpenStack combined ever could have. and it
             | has all these to be able to corner the market and
             | completely extinguish competition. (as it did with books
             | initially.)
        
           | jakevoytko wrote:
           | "Death by a thousand cuts" doesn't show up in a spreadsheet
           | because each cut is hidden in a different cell.
           | 
           | We've all worked in the industry long enough. We know that if
           | you approach the PM and say, "man, I watched my girlfriend
           | try to use the site on her phone this weekend. She gave up
           | because every page tried forcing her to use the app," the PM
           | would respond, "we did some testing and not many people stop
           | using the site when this happens, and people who use the app
           | are 3x more engaged, so this isn't true in practice." But
           | those tests don't show what happens 3 months from now when
           | your girlfriend uses a competitor that doesn't have any of
           | that shit, and she thinks "wow this is so much better" and
           | just never goes back.
        
             | Turing_Machine wrote:
             | > she thinks "wow this is so much better" and just never
             | goes back.
             | 
             | Worse still (for the original company), she then tells all
             | her friends about the competitor that doesn't suck.
        
             | peytoncasper wrote:
             | I feel as if there needs to be a modification to the phrase
             | "Data Driven". Data, generally, will not help you predict
             | the future. It is however, fantastic at finding bias,
             | inefficient existing processes and tracking the results of
             | your changes.
             | 
             | When applied blindly you end up with scenario you
             | described. Product direction that says something isn't
             | necessary because the question was never asked to begin
             | with.
             | 
             | Science without the hypothesis.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | "Data driven companies" aren't, because none of the
               | people involved in making decisions ever took anything
               | more than stats 101 and have never experienced a real
               | world data situation where things are messy and if you
               | aren't careful about how you measure and collect data you
               | make it useless for decision making and also apparently
               | because they don't teach goodharts law in business
               | school?
        
           | vagrantJin wrote:
           | It seems you are seeking some logical, high minded reason.
           | 
           | There isn't.
           | 
           | It's all about money. Nothing more.
        
           | apparentbilly wrote:
           | Greed by the board.
           | 
           | And screw the employees who have bills to pay, families to
           | feed and may have been able to keep a business viable without
           | this incessent need for quarterly growth.
           | 
           | Pay the rents and wages and everything else is gravy.
        
           | tinus_hn wrote:
           | Most businesses started by passionate technical founders fail
           | as well, there is a selection bias in the big companies that
           | are in the news. A lot is just luck, having a product that
           | the market needs that can be sold at a profit without being
           | undercut by competitors.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | There was a popular business book in the 80s called In
             | Search of Excellence. Basically the authors distilled their
             | findings down to some common principles like "Stick to your
             | knitting."
             | 
             | However, as our professor observed, for pretty much every
             | one of the principles you could find counterexamples of
             | companies that succeeded doing _the exact opposite thing_.
             | And also, over long enough time horizons, you could
             | certainly find companies where a principle like  "stick to
             | your knitting" worked--until it didn't.
        
           | nprateem wrote:
           | Industries evolve. In this case Cloud probably killed them.
           | They failed to adapt when a new innovation came along.
           | 
           | This can happen for multiple reasons, but mainly because
           | incumbents are at a disadvantage in the face of radical
           | innovation since they not only have to learn the new tech,
           | but unlearn the old.
           | 
           | Some companies also double down in the face of new tech and
           | keep improving their obviously inferior product. E.g. when
           | refrigeration was invented, companies that shipped ice from
           | the arctic focussed on shipping it faster instead of
           | accepting the inevitable and pivoting while they had
           | resources to do so.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | At some point, they decide growth from technical innovation
           | has mostly played out. (Did Rackspace have a path to building
           | a sufficiently disruptive product to grow another 10x?)
           | 
           | At this point, the MBAs try innovating in finances /
           | marketing, as that's likely to 10x profits over time. This is
           | why all the big Detroit automakers were essentially banks
           | that gave you a middling car for taking out a loan when the
           | lending crisis almost wiped them out. That strategy actually
           | worked great for their investors (until it didn't).
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | Once you put an accountant or MBA in charge of any company the
         | company is dead. You can't cost manage your way to growth.
        
           | nprateem wrote:
           | I know right. Why would you want someone who's actually
           | studied business to run one?
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | Yeah I agree. I'd rather hire someone who has built a
             | business than one who studied how other people built a
             | business.
        
             | rocqua wrote:
             | The general counter-point is, why would you want someone
             | who doesn't understand the work done by the company to run
             | that company.
             | 
             | Besides that, the polarization between management and 'the
             | work floor' naturally leads the work floor to see someone
             | who studied 'management' as the epitome of management, and
             | thus as the epitome of 'the enemy'. Personally I believe
             | the work-floor is right to be skeptical of the management
             | style that is commonly taught. Because the style is not
             | based on treating employees as humans but instead about
             | extracting a much value from these human resources as
             | possible.
        
               | nprateem wrote:
               | Only if your curriculum is from the 1950s. Modern
               | leadership & HR programs emphasise multiple benefits of
               | happy workers:
               | 
               | * More productive
               | 
               | * Less likely to leave (which is expensive)
               | 
               | * More motivated to share cost saving ideas which can
               | save companies millions of dollars annually.
               | 
               | Healthy companies can employ workers longer too.
               | 
               | A good manager doesn't need to know how to build the
               | product. They need to understand their market, the
               | company's strengths, make strategic decisions and create
               | an inspiring culture.
        
               | nerdawson wrote:
               | > The general counter-point is, why would you want
               | someone who doesn't understand the work done by the
               | company to run that company.
               | 
               | That reminds me of a great quote and one of the most
               | important takeaways (running the opposite direction) from
               | The E-Myth Revisited.
               | 
               | "That Fatal Assumption is: if you understand the
               | technical work of a business, you understand a business
               | that does that technical work."
        
             | bachmeier wrote:
             | Since I can't reply to your other comment:
             | 
             | > They need to understand their market, the company's
             | strengths, make strategic decisions and create an inspiring
             | culture.
             | 
             | I'd say that's largely orthogonal to studying business. You
             | need to understand why customers buy from you and what kind
             | of value you are offering. An MBA isn't going to help or
             | hurt on that dimension.
        
               | nprateem wrote:
               | Studying algorithms doesn't help directly with many
               | coding tasks, but does provide people with a way of
               | reasoning. It also makes people aware that eg some
               | sorting algorithms are better than others.
               | 
               | Similarly, studying business makes one aware of a wider
               | range of issues and tools, and case studies allow
               | learning lessons from others.
               | 
               | If an MBA doesn't help with those things, you should ask
               | for your money back.
        
           | xadhominemx wrote:
           | There are about 50 of founder-led publicly listed tech
           | companies with share prices down 90%+ over the past 18 months
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | > You can't cost manage your way to growth.
           | 
           | Likewise, no family has ever moved up the economic ladder by
           | penny-pinching. The best that penny-pinching can do is to
           | stave off bankruptcy.
        
             | conductr wrote:
             | It can fund R&D, or a college degree for the kids. Those
             | are often done for growth.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | But they spend four whole dollars every other day buying
             | coffee!!! If they save two and a half of those coffees they
             | could buy a whole banana! Surely they will be a millionaire
             | like me in no time right?
        
           | jibe wrote:
           | Satya Nadella has an MBA from The university of Chicago and
           | has been doing a good job.
        
             | Brian_K_White wrote:
             | He has an MBA like I have a suit.
             | 
             | Sure I have one, a few even. Yet I'm not "a suit".
        
             | zamalek wrote:
             | Nadella is a terrible MBA.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | hardware2win wrote:
             | I think OP meant pure, non tech related MBA
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | How many of those do actually exist? At tech companies in
               | the broadest possible sense?
        
             | spamizbad wrote:
             | Nadella got an engineering degree in India, followed up
             | with a masters in the US - with that Booth MBA coming after
             | he'd worked at Sun and Microsoft as an engineer.
             | 
             | Pretty much every "Wow this MBA does a good job of running
             | a tech company!" person has a story similar to this where
             | they trained and worked as an engineer before obtaining
             | their MBA.
        
               | Kon-Peki wrote:
               | Ok fine :)
               | 
               | Go read "The HP Way" by Dave Packard. It was standard
               | procedure for HP to hire promising engineers from Flyover
               | State U and take the best and send them to Stanford for
               | an MBA. This worked really, really well. Until it didn't.
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | That was the intent of the MBA, as a supplement to some
               | other core expertise so they could manage the business
               | effectively. Then, MBA's became an entire profession.
               | Many consulting firm MBA's go to business school twice
               | before having any real world experience (undergrad then
               | MBA). I did business school for undergrad and refuse to
               | get an MBA for this reason, I seriously had MBA students
               | sitting in the classes I took as an undergrad.
        
             | zmgsabst wrote:
             | Has he?
             | 
             | I had to maim the Windows Update process to keep it from
             | freezing my computer whenever I tried to use it.
             | 
             | Clearly right when the user logs on is the correct time to
             | install updates -- pinning the HDD to 100% use and
             | preventing the user from accomplishing their task. After
             | all, Microsoft is more important than the user and their
             | needs come first.
             | 
             | ...where is the improvement supposed to be?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > I had to maim the Windows Update process to keep it
               | from freezing my computer whenever I tried to use it.
               | 
               | Windows update for Windows XP got worse than that. It
               | would churn your drive for hours, but not make progress.
               | There was an update to install manually and then you were
               | good.
               | 
               | But if you're running Windows 10 off a hard drive, you
               | need to replace it with an SSD. Although, I guess you can
               | probably blame that on Nadella, the mass layoff that
               | included essentially ending the developer-in-test QA
               | program was June 2014, and Nadella became CEO in Feb
               | 2014. IMHO, quality dropped significantly since then,
               | especially quality on hardware developers probably don't
               | have or don't use (like hard drives and Windows Phone)
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | I don't think n=1 software bugs are really relevant to
               | the overall trajectory of the company.
        
               | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
               | i got some news for you about the quality of windows
               | software
        
               | maximilianburke wrote:
               | Microsoft gets blamed when updates are applied because it
               | makes the system less responsive.
               | 
               | Microsoft gets blamed when users don't install updates
               | and their systems get owned.
               | 
               | In either case, Microsoft gets blamed.
        
               | zmgsabst wrote:
               | Yes -- but there's a difference:
               | 
               | - in one case, Microsoft seizes control from the owner
               | performing unwanted actions that make the machine not
               | function
               | 
               | - in the other case, Microsoft didn't do anything; people
               | turned off a feature they can turn back on
               | 
               | There's a difference there important to free society.
        
               | subradios wrote:
               | You think of it that way, the customer doesn't.
        
             | dangerboysteve wrote:
             | He was an engineer first.
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | That's true, but he got a degree in electrical engineering
             | and a masters in computer science first, and picked up the
             | MBA later in his career while at Microsoft. When people
             | complain about MBAs they usually mean people who's primary
             | qualification is an MBA.
        
           | ssharp wrote:
           | Tim Cook, Satya Nadella, Jamie Dimon, et. al. are in charge
           | of companies that are doing just fine.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | I don't know of Mr Dimon, but tim cook headed apple while
             | they pursued form over function, removing ports and
             | creating the god awful butterfly keyboard for.... reasons?
             | 
             | Satya has overseen microsoft to be very profitable yeah,
             | but they haven't exactly been the best company, buying a
             | bunch of popular companies that most people probably would
             | rather they not own, and investing as much as possible into
             | making using windows a terrible, ad ridden, telemetry
             | infused pain.
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | It's interesting that those are the people you chose. Were
             | you unaware of the background of the engineers?
             | 
             | Tim Cook: degree in industrial engineering and by all
             | accounts an operational wizard for supply chain management.
             | That's why he was COO of Apple for long time focused on how
             | to get components into its iPhone.
             | 
             | Satya Nadella: electrical engineer with a CS degree and
             | then an MBA and at Microsoft started as an engineer.
             | 
             | Can't speak to Jamie Dimon as banking and finance is
             | outside my wheelhouse, but certainly neither Cook nor
             | Nadella are examples of MBAs who don't understand their
             | product line. Arguably Apple's is a much simpler product
             | line to understand whereas Nadella has many more B2B and
             | B2C product lines, but I don't think the only thing Cook is
             | thinking about are cost downs.
        
               | ssharp wrote:
               | I don't think my choices were particularly interesting,
               | I'm was just loosely aware of their backgrounds and
               | confirmed them as MBA graduates with a few searches.
               | 
               | The parent comment (and a common HN trope) was about how
               | awful MBAs are at running companies. Those are 3
               | counterexamples to that trope. All three are highly
               | successful in their CEO roles.
               | 
               | Given that Engineer -> MBA is a pretty common path, maybe
               | we should just stop with the broad strokes?
        
               | newsclues wrote:
               | The MBAs people hate, are the people who lack experience
               | and took a short path to the MBA because they see it as a
               | way to accelerate their career.
               | 
               | It's a lack of experience + ego inflation from an
               | advanced degree that is a dangerous combination.
        
               | ssharp wrote:
               | Are there good examples of people like this that then
               | rose to the position of CEO and failed? There are plenty
               | of CEOs who have failed, so is a disproportionate amount
               | these "short-path" MBAs who have failed after climbing so
               | high?
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | In my comment MBA is a state of being, not a conferred
               | degree.
               | 
               | Jamie Dimon comes from financial services, which is a
               | very different industry. Engineering minded firms in
               | financial services were sponsored by finance folks that
               | believed engineering / science / math / computer
               | techniques towards finance would make them more
               | competitive. Internally at JPMC Dimon invests heavily in
               | tech and gives tech engineering leadership autonomy. So
               | as CEO he has delegated a lot to the engineering culture
               | and shielded it from the accountants and MBAs. (Again,
               | MBA the state of being which can not be attributed solely
               | to spending two years in a program)
        
               | abakker wrote:
               | See also: no true scotsman.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | I think that the broad strokes capture something real.
               | Namely that an MBA does not qualify you to run a tech
               | company.
               | 
               | As your examples show, it also doesn't disqualify you. In
               | fact there are plenty of roles where it brings value.
               | 
               | But the model of "I have an MBA, I can run any kind of
               | business" is dramatically false. You need to have useful
               | theories about how the company actually works to run it.
               | And the theories by which tech companies work usually
               | make a lot more sense if you have a tech background.
               | 
               | There are exceptions - for example Meg Whitman did an
               | excellent job of building eBay when she took over early
               | on - but they are notable as exceptions. And I know of no
               | exceptions among companies who are in one way or another
               | primarily selling their tech expertise.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yes, and especially for people above a certain age, an
               | MBA--whether a regular two-year program or an executive
               | program--was often treated as table-stakes for a lot of
               | roles at companies that weren't hands-on engineering
               | roles. And, yes, in many cases, MBA grads who were
               | looking to work at companies in computer-related fields
               | had some sort of engineering undergrad degree.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Broadly speaking, anyone drawing broad conclusions on the
               | basis of education is wrong. Anti-MBA, anti-engineering,
               | anti-non-Ivy, anti-Ivy, _et cetera_. To the degree there
               | is information in these conversations, it's someone
               | holding these broad-brush views being generally
               | unqualified for higher leadership.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | Microsoft has been "doing fine" _financially_ , but look at
             | their products and user feedback.
             | 
             | Windows Vista and 8 were widely seen as colossal failures,
             | Windows Mobile got utterly _destroyed_ by a series of
             | dumbass decisions, Windows 10 /11 is a mess UI-wise, where
             | the fuck does one even want to begin when it serves ads in
             | the start menu, vendors keep pushing bloatware crap because
             | Microsoft allows them to, developer experience is a mess
             | because there are just so many different UI and other
             | frameworks (although tooling _does_ have improved since the
             | days you had to shell out thousands for Visual Studio),
             | Microsoft software in general is riddled with bugs and
             | security issues to a degree it puts even Adobe Flash to
             | shame, its Office suite is a hotbed of UI issues, bugs and
             | privacy issues...
             | 
             | Microsoft is only being kept alive because of business
             | moat, the competition being too focused on fucking up each
             | other in bike-shedding and purity contests (a general issue
             | in anything Linux sans, to a degree, the kernel) and
             | doesn't have the money to hire actual UI/UX experts or, in
             | the case of Apple, is just too expensive.
        
               | Beltalowda wrote:
               | Windows is no longer Microsoft's main focus, and hasn't
               | been for quite a few years. It's about 12% of their
               | revenue. The main income is now Azure, Office 365, and an
               | assortment of other smaller (comparatively) things like
               | Surface, X-box, GitHub, etc. If Windows revenue would
               | drop off to 0 tomorrow it would be a blow, but Microsoft
               | would survive just fine.
               | 
               | People keep thinking about Microsoft in 2001 terms but
               | it's not the same company. This what Satya Nadella
               | brought to Microsoft (don't think it would have played
               | out like this under Balmer).
        
               | Gordonjcp wrote:
               | > (a general issue in anything Linux sans, to a degree,
               | the kernel)
               | 
               | What do you suggest instead?
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Delta Airlines has improved drastically, both financially and
           | in terms of the product since their current CEO, Ed Bastien
           | who is an accountant, took over.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, Boeing sold deadly products under leadership by
           | their engineer CEO.
           | 
           | I see the "bean counter bad" narrative a lot here, but I
           | don't think it's that black and white.
        
             | mox1 wrote:
             | The airline industry is more or less an oligopoly and
             | perhaps even a commodity service, so growing market share
             | kinda means not sucking. The basic experience of an
             | airplane (getting from point A to point B quickly) hasn't
             | changed much. I can see how a MBA / spreadsheet type at the
             | top can add a lot of value here.
             | 
             | Rackspace on the other hand is in the middle of a pretty
             | cut-throat market segment, with lots of competitors and a
             | large need to keep up with them feature wise. You
             | absolutely need a visionary / this is what our market will
             | look like in 3 years person running the show here.
             | Rackspace _could_ have filled a need between Digital Ocean
             | and AWS, but I don 't think they ever saw it that way....
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | The decisionmaking behind those deadly products happened
             | long before the CEO in question came on board.
        
             | dv_dt wrote:
             | The Boeing engineer CEO who replaced the accountant CEO
             | (one of the first in Boeing history) under which most of
             | the preliminary design of the deadly product was performed.
        
             | mandevil wrote:
             | The most important bad decisions in the Boeing case were
             | made in 2011-13, when they promised that the 737 Max would
             | not require a new type certificate for someone with a 737
             | cert already, and that it would use the new, larger, and
             | more efficient engines. At that point in time, the CEO of
             | Boeing was James McNerney, who had a Harvard MBA, worked at
             | P&G and McKinsey, then spent 20 years at GE (running their
             | airplane engine business). When he lost the race to succeed
             | Jack Welsh he went to 3M and then was picked to run Boeing.
             | 
             | At the time that these key bad decisions were made for the
             | 737 Max, Dennis Muilenberg- the engineer you cite- was
             | running the Boeing Integrated Defense side of the house and
             | had no authority on the 737 Max. He does bear some
             | responsibility for the Max- he was CEO when it first flew,
             | got certified, was delivered to customers, and the first
             | crash that was not investigated with appropriate speed- but
             | the most important bad decision was made when a MBA was
             | running the company.
             | 
             | International airliners and semiconductors are two areas
             | where I've become convinced that engineering CEO's are
             | required, because they both involve making 10 billion or
             | more dollar investments that won't even enter the market
             | for more than 5 years. So you need someone with a very good
             | feel for technological possibility, one who understands
             | that you can't bafflegab mother nature the way that
             | Harvard's MBA school teaches you to.
             | 
             | It's possible I'm over-indexing on Boeing and Intel:
             | Airbus' big recent fiasco- though since it didn't kill
             | anyone it's not nearly as big as the 737 Max- the A380, was
             | largely a commercial failure not an engineering one (by
             | some estimates the A380 never even turned a profit on fly-
             | away costs, totally ignoring development costs). So maybe
             | having Harvard MBA's and market people would have saved
             | them. On the other hand, when those key decisions were made
             | (2000 was when the A3XX was approved) Airbus had a
             | convoluted two CEO-two Chairman structure designed (to this
             | American's jaded eye) to prevent any personal
             | responsibility from leaching back to the bosses, so I can't
             | tell you who was in charge when the wrong decisions were
             | made for that program.
        
             | rocqua wrote:
             | Reportedly at Boeing the culture at the executive level
             | remains 'bean-counter focussed'. Does the opposite hold for
             | Delta Airlines?
             | 
             | It seems to me like the disposition of the CEO matters a
             | lot more than their formal background. If an engineer rose
             | through the ranks by siding with the MBA/accountants/bean-
             | counting-culture in a company, he is likely to run it in
             | the (presumably correctly maligned) bean-counting ways.
             | Whereas an accountant who understands the bean-counters but
             | has seen the pitfalls of that kind of management could
             | easily decide not to manage like a bean-counter.
        
               | robszumski wrote:
               | One cool fact is that prior to running Red Hat, Jim
               | Whitehurst was COO of Delta Airlines. He could absolutely
               | talk the talk on open source software. I always thought
               | that was cool.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | I think it's also a canard that the CEO is in charge.
               | They're responsible, but often the CFO or COO are in
               | charge, or some rule class culture of middle management.
               | My understanding from engineers at Boeing it has not had
               | engineers in charge for a long time and it's entirely run
               | by accountants and business development.
        
             | AceyMan wrote:
             | iirc, Ed is a career DAL employee who bootstrapped to the
             | CEO position, so while he's not an ops guy, per se, he
             | still "gets" Delta and what makes it the company it is.
             | That's a trait I suspect you'll find makes in every
             | successful chief executive, irrespective of the industry.
        
             | dralley wrote:
             | "When people say I changed the culture of Boeing, that was
             | the intent, so that it's run like a business rather than a
             | great engineering firm. It is a great engineering firm, but
             | people invest in a company because they want to make
             | money." - Harry Stonecipher, Boeing executive and CEO until
             | 2005
             | 
             | https://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-0402290256feb29-story.ht
             | m...
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | Any sufficiently broad generalization is always wrong.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Find accountants are actually much better at C* positions
             | than MBA's.
             | 
             | It seems like there should be a lot of overlap, but I think
             | accountants have a better grasp of the underlying business
             | reality. Or at lest the idea that you can't get something
             | for nothing so saving money on X likely costs you
             | elsewhere.
        
             | antihero wrote:
             | > Boeing sold deadly products under leadership by their
             | engineer CEO.
             | 
             | I remember hearing I think in a documentary that the merger
             | with McDonall-Douglas made it have a more business-y
             | culture that lead the the terrible failures.
        
               | wahern wrote:
               | McDonnell-Douglas is often blamed for changing the Boeing
               | culture, but it was the Boeing CEO Philip Condit who led
               | the deal, and more importantly helped engineer the
               | cultural takeover by strategically placing McDonnell-
               | Douglas executives in key positions. Condit was at one
               | point a lead engineer at Boeing, but was deliberately
               | chosen by the Boeing board (at least the majority
               | faction) precisely because they knew what he wanted to do
               | with the company.
               | 
               | The person who pushed back the hardest against the
               | McDonnell-Douglas merger was the Boeing CFO Boyd Givan.
               | He was quickly ousted not long after the deal was
               | finalized, accused of being too financially conservative
               | compared to McDonnell-Douglas' M.O.: https://archive.seat
               | tletimes.com/archive/?date=19980715&slug...
               | 
               | The blame ultimately rests with the Boeing board. There
               | was a minority faction on the board that fought tooth-
               | and-nail. They couldn't stop it, but IIRC their
               | concession (to prevent the minority from creating a
               | ruckus in public) was being able to keep Givan as CFO
               | after the merger. But Condit ensured that that didn't
               | last long by undermining Givan at every turn, which was
               | probably the plan of the majority board faction all
               | along.
               | 
               | Based on this and a few other anecdotes, and if we're
               | making wild speculations, I'd say that whether a CFO
               | makes a good CEO depends on the _type_ of CFO. There 's
               | the traditional CFO--the "bean counter"--whose job is to
               | manage the money and keep a low profile so the rest of
               | the company can do their thing. Then there are the new
               | generations of CFO, which started coming up the ranks in
               | the 1970s and 1980s (see, e.g., McDonnell-Douglas), who
               | see creative accounting (aka financial engineering) as a
               | legitimate way to boost stockholder value and an end in
               | itself, independent of a company's core competency. If a
               | company has good bones, a traditional CFO can make a
               | great steward at the very least. For the new type of CFO,
               | they often couldn't care less about a company's core
               | competency, and are more speculator than bean counter, at
               | least in the traditional meanings of those terms.
        
             | callalex wrote:
             | How much of that can be attributed to Bastien being better
             | at begging for bailouts and subsidies, as opposed to
             | actually improving the company?
        
             | throwaway5752 wrote:
             | Regarding Boeing, every person, and particularly every
             | engineer, should read https://www.amazon.com/Flying-Blind-
             | Tragedy-Fall-Boeing/dp/0...
        
             | mattcantstop wrote:
             | A company named Apple seems to be doing well with the
             | logistics guy at the helm as well.
        
               | wwweston wrote:
               | They're making money, that's for certain. They're not
               | making new product categories and markets like they used
               | to, though, just iterations on things they were already
               | doing well enough (and sometimes those iterations take
               | away more than give). Their established capital and
               | position in the market are their strength more than any
               | other particular vision or talent on display. That's
               | enough to keep them strong for a long time on logistics.
               | Not sure what happens if they face a well-funded vision
               | challenger.
        
         | raiyu wrote:
         | Sure the current management team is full of bean counters that
         | aren't doing great at understanding product, but don't give the
         | old management much credit.
         | 
         | They completely missed the transition to cloud, they missed
         | AWS, and they laughed when I told them that we (DigitalOcean)
         | wanted $100MM if they were serious about any acquisition talks.
         | This was in 2013 so startup economics were different back then.
         | 
         | They were early to a massive market that is growing and they
         | basically botched their lead repeatedly and every transition
         | since then has been a comedy of errors.
         | 
         | They would have been better off following Equinix's model of
         | just acquiring and managing datacenter space instead they ran
         | their own DCs, didn't have great support, couldn't build
         | product, and ultimately were acquired by PE and saddled with
         | debt along with no road towards innovation.
        
         | streblo wrote:
         | I think this is just a story we (fellow tech-oriented types)
         | like to tell ourselves and repeat, not because it's true, but
         | because it sounds good.
         | 
         | If you look, there are actually plenty of examples of
         | professional management or 'bean counter' types taking over
         | companies and running them more successfully than their former
         | tech-oriented management. And also, plenty of examples of tech-
         | oriented management ruining a good thing. But those kinds of
         | stories don't get very good play on Hacker News.
        
           | letitbeirie wrote:
           | > running them more successfully
           | 
           | The time scale that success is defined on is important here.
           | 
           | The root of the issue seems to be that manager types don't
           | view profit as the market's reward for making a good product;
           | they view it as the product itself.
           | 
           | If a product's quality is sufficiently high to begin with
           | this can be great.
           | 
           | Once quality dips to the point where it softens demand
           | though, it can be the beginning of the death spiral [0]
           | (tl;dr: when production chases revenue downwards and the
           | company suffocates under its fixed costs), and market
           | perception/demand lags cost-cutting product changes so the
           | causes and effects can be very difficult to link through
           | financials alone.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/what-is-the-death-
           | spira...
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | In general yes, but less likely for highly-technical
           | products. Truth is you need several kinds of competence, they
           | are each "legs under the stool."
        
           | rendang wrote:
           | What are some good examples?
        
             | streblo wrote:
             | One of my favorite examples recently is Frank Slootman
             | (sales/operations/general management background) taking
             | over as CEO for Snowflake, over Bob Muglia
             | (developer/technical product background). The company's
             | market cap is up >10x since Slootman took over.
        
               | hodgesrm wrote:
               | Slootman is an excellent manager. I suspect he could run
               | just about any type of business.
        
             | runako wrote:
             | Judged by earnings and general business success (not "do
             | tech people like what they are doing?"):
             | 
             | - Steve Ballmer @ Microsoft
             | 
             | - Tim Cook @ Apple
             | 
             | - Sundar Pichai @ Google (MechE by education)
             | 
             | - Elon Musk @ Tesla (he is not an auto engineer, so
             | functions as the monied management)
             | 
             | There are a lot more examples out there. However, recent
             | vintages of tech unicorns have been slower to replace
             | founders in part due to dual-class stock structures that
             | can give founders final veto over shareholder actions.
        
               | ww520 wrote:
               | Steve Ballmer work in Microsoft since 1980 years as
               | employee 30th, arguably part of the founding team. I
               | won't say he's a bean counter and couldn't relate to the
               | products.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | Fair enough, the rest of the comment stands without
               | Ballmer. I chose him because in some ways he was chosen
               | by Gates because he is a bean counter. :-)
        
               | AdrianB1 wrote:
               | Except for Elon Musk, who is/was extremely passionate
               | about the product, the names on the list are not the peak
               | of these companies. Steve Balmer performed reasonably at
               | Microsoft after Gates, Tim Cook arguably after Steve Jobs
               | and Google is lately a hit or miss on many fronts.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | > Judged by earnings and general business success
               | 
               | I chose these leaders specifically because their tenures
               | saw their companies earn tons more money than when the
               | founders were in charge.
               | 
               | For example: Jobs was visionary, but Cook's tenure has
               | seen the launch/expansion of the Wearables segment and
               | the Services segment. Those two are "only" a minority of
               | Apple's revenues, but together form a business larger
               | than Comcast or Meta or Target. Tech people won't give
               | Cook credit for that accomplishment, but that's the point
               | of this thread. :-)
        
               | fidgewidge wrote:
               | How much of that was just competently running companies
               | that already had massive growth momentum behind them?
        
           | tqi wrote:
           | Its definitely not 100% true in either direction, but I think
           | an "actual connection" to the product is important. Obviously
           | YMMV on what an "actual connection" is, but to me that just
           | means an understanding of what your product is / who your
           | customers are / why your company has been successful in the
           | past that goes beyond case study aphorisms like TAM / YoY
           | Growth / etc. It's important because when things start going
           | poorly, you need to understand where to lean in or divest.
        
           | AtlasBarfed wrote:
           | You mean like Twitter?
           | 
           | (ducks to avoid storm of thrown shoes and knives)
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | There are definite cases of corporate looting by the bean
           | counters, but there are certainly cases where a moribund
           | company was saved by the counters of beans (and of course,
           | some where the malaise was so deep nothing could have saved
           | it).
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > The longer term Google/Meta stories are the rare exception.
         | 
         | I think that is more that making money as an advertising
         | monopoly is easy, and can not only support constant Google/Meta
         | failures in many lines of business, but even the gradual
         | deterioration of their core offerings.
        
         | esotericimpl wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | > The longer term Google/Meta stories are the rare exception.
         | And that's not always a bad thing by any means.
         | 
         | Seemingly there are two types of companies: "Killers" and "To
         | Be Killed". In order for you to grow like Google/Facebook, you
         | need to "Kill" (acquire) other companies, who will be the ones
         | who die, eventually.
         | 
         | Rackspace went to way of being acquired, so eventually to be
         | killed. Google/Facebook went the way of acquiring other
         | companies.
         | 
         | The only way to win is to not be either. Just a company that
         | provides enough profits to cover the expenses and pay out
         | bonuses whenever, but not acquire others nor be acquired by
         | others.
        
       | brightball wrote:
       | This sucks to see. I remember when it looked like Rackspace was
       | going to be the primary competitor to AWS.
        
       | geenat wrote:
       | >replacement of tech-oriented leadership with board members and
       | managers "who don't have any connection with the product."
       | 
       | RIP
        
       | hk1337 wrote:
       | I honestly didn't realize Rackspace was still around.
        
       | angst_ridden wrote:
       | I have some clients who host at Rackspace. They have old-school
       | monolithic web-app architectures (single web server that also
       | runs the application code, and a database server). They're never
       | going to rebuild these legacy application -- the codebases are
       | decades old, and comprise hundreds of thousands of line of code.
       | The support at Rackspace has really cratered, and it's hard to
       | have much faith in their technical capabilities anymore either.
       | 
       | I'm no sysadmin, so I don't know if it's realistic to port this
       | kind of architecture to AWS or Azure. Also, some are
       | contractually obligated to host at a facility that offers
       | "managed hosting" (although I suppose the exact wording could be
       | weaseled) with uptime guarantees and staffing levels.
       | 
       | I'm trying to figure out where I should recommend they move. It
       | doesn't seem like a common use-case anymore.
        
         | ElevenLathe wrote:
         | Assuming the application code is mostly stateless (it pulls all
         | the data it needs from the database on every request), this
         | kind of app is usually not a big deal to containerize and put
         | on some cloud platform (AWS, GCP, Azure should all be about
         | equivalent) and even get more 9s and scalability almost for
         | free. This is essentially the Wordpress architecture, which
         | every infra engineer (nee sysadmin) in the industry has been
         | asked to move from on-prem to cloud sometime in the past ten
         | years.
         | 
         | If the application code has non-disposable state in-memory then
         | it's bit harder but can usually be done, especially if it's
         | low-traffic enough to comfortably live on single Rackspace dedi
         | now.
         | 
         | Edit: I should also mention that if you're looking for somebody
         | to do this kind of work for you, there are contact details in
         | my profile. ;)
        
           | angst_ridden wrote:
           | I'll have to look into the web-server customizations. One of
           | them has a custom Apache module for talking to a 3rd party
           | mainframe, but that should theoretically be movable too (if
           | it's the correct platform architecture).
           | 
           | Of course, an Apache module's just C code, so how hard could
           | it be to port to another architecture? But in all
           | seriousness, I suspect it's a relatively simple UDP socket
           | communication interface, so it is probably portable.
           | 
           | Thanks for the mention of Wordpress. It is a similar
           | architecture. I'll read up on how to move a Wordpress
           | install, and use that as a model for testing one of these
           | apps.
        
         | mgkimsal wrote:
         | Why is this _not_ a common use case?
         | 
         | Linode, DigitalOcean, Vultr, EC2/Lightsail and many many other
         | companies lease dedicated servers and VPS. Lease an app server,
         | lease a DB server, move the data and port the code.
         | 
         | Yes, no doubt there's some other 'devil in the details', but if
         | it's already "old school legacy" architecture, why not just
         | replicate that some place else that offers better service (and
         | likely better value for money)?
        
           | angst_ridden wrote:
           | All good recommendations. I think the difference is in the
           | contracts (I'm reporting second-hand, since I don't have
           | access to the actuals). With Linode, anyway, I do a lot of
           | hosting in VPSes, but these clients have contracts
           | stipulating the hosting company manages/maintains/monitors
           | the OS.
           | 
           | I guess if I were smart, I'd get the actual contractual
           | requirements from the clients. That'll be my next step.
        
             | mgkimsal wrote:
             | Cloudways is a provider that does 'managed' on top of
             | various cloud providers, and "Regular Security Patching" is
             | one of their checklist items. There are no doubt others.
             | 
             | Good luck to you.
        
               | angst_ridden wrote:
               | Thanks for the recommendation!
        
       | seltzered_ wrote:
       | See also this wonderful article and discussion from a month ago:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33966585 (rackspace,
       | fanatical support, and their downtime / hack )
        
       | truthwhisperer wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | thayne wrote:
       | > This is not a company that's on a trajectory of growth. They're
       | on a trajectory of death.
       | 
       | Maybe Rackspace is on a trajectory of death, but this is a false
       | dichotomy. It isn't (or at least shouldn't) be necessary to grow
       | for a company to survive. If you are profitable, staying the same
       | size is perfectly fine.
        
         | peytoncasper wrote:
         | The phrase usually used is a "leaky bucket". Sure a company can
         | operate in a neutral space, but it's unlikely that overtime
         | their revenue growth will match their customer churn.
         | 
         | At the same time, a lack of growth limits how much can be
         | invested on staying relevant in terms of R&D which further
         | separates them from competitors with a positive growth
         | trajectory.
         | 
         | Its also incredibly hard to kickstart a growth engine once it
         | has slowed down. The net result is a flywheel but in the
         | opposite direction.
         | 
         | PE buys companies like this to slow that negative growth
         | flywheel down attempting to stay neutral until the investment
         | is paid off at which point profit can be made.
         | 
         | The long tail is massive attrition as well, because few people
         | want to work at a sinking ship or rather a ship unwilling to
         | invest internally.
         | 
         | Neutral isn't bad, but it's very hard to exist.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | If you're in a growing industry but you're not growing, then
         | you're becoming less and less relevant to your potential and
         | actual customers. In a business like their scale is crucial.
         | It's not a stable situation to be in.
         | 
         | Having said that they have been growing, their revenue is up,
         | but so are their losses. They've just not managed to stay
         | competitive.
        
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