[HN Gopher] Ask HN: How to learn business being a software engin...
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       Ask HN: How to learn business being a software engineer?
        
       Hi, everyone! I'm a recent-transitioned CTO, and I feel I lack a
       lot of business background when discussing with others C-Level. Is
       there a way (books, courses or even College material) to help
       improving this gap? Thanks!
        
       Author : leonardo2204
       Score  : 117 points
       Date   : 2023-01-08 17:13 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
       | robviren wrote:
       | I took the long road after graduating with a mechanical
       | engineering degree in 2012 and working in industry. I quickly
       | realized that engineering often meant executing and not
       | strategizing, which frustrated me to no end. I learned that being
       | right was secondary to making people above you look intelligent.
       | So much of what drives action at larger orgs revolves around a
       | small group of people with their own special social dynamics,
       | opinions, and egos.
       | 
       | As others have indicated an MBA would give you the language and
       | credibility most orgs require to get into "business" positions. I
       | do not feel the actual coursework is needed to understand the
       | concepts and theories that have meaning for any given org.
       | Businesses largely want growth, diversity, innovation, cost
       | cutting, and future profitability. But I swear you could shortcut
       | all that for just making the primary business stakeholders happy.
       | Whatever they care about, what they perceive, what their goals
       | are, that is what makes or breaks your position.
       | 
       | Being able to present ideas is key. I got a lot out of some of
       | the MIT open course material [1]. I am certain some exploration
       | on that channel for the business topics will yield more excellent
       | content. Soft skills often separate talented and business minded
       | engineers from the business side of the org. I cannot stress how
       | little being "right" actually matters once you get into business.
       | I have to constantly make forecasts as a product manager and
       | often have frighteningly little to work with in terms of data.
       | Capture assumptions, build out strategy, believe your story. You
       | will be wrong sometimes. Being able to check your own ego, guide
       | an org towards what you believe is right, and dealing with a
       | bunch of different people who all think their view is the right
       | view all play into it. I love the challenge and enjoy seeing my
       | contribution play out. Would highly suggest it for those who
       | enjoy those sorts of challenges.
       | 
       | [1] https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Unzc731iCUY
        
       | boppo1 wrote:
       | 'Financial Markets and Institutions' by Modigliani and Fabozzi.
       | Really focus on the sections about benchmark rates and DCF/NPV
       | valuation. This will help you work backward on an enormous number
       | of business topics and really assess business models.
        
       | kidgorgeous wrote:
       | Start a Shopify dropshipping website, or learn SEO/PPC/Organic
       | TikTook/Facebook ads, hire a VA, and pitch local businesses on
       | marketing services.
        
       | fxtentacle wrote:
       | Get some public P&L sheets and learn how to read them. Once you
       | can argue about the financial effects of your own and your
       | competitors' decisions, the other C levels will take your advice
       | much more seriously.
       | 
       | Also, understanding where money comes from, where it goes to, and
       | how budgets were allocated allows you to learn A LOT about how
       | different industries work.
       | 
       | Also, which country?
        
       | nimzoLarsen wrote:
       | Paul Graham has some great essays on business / startups:
       | 
       | http://paulgraham.com/startupideas.html
       | 
       | http://www.paulgraham.com/growth.html
        
         | fenesiistvan wrote:
         | His Zuckerberg example doesn't sound as well now
        
       | danuker wrote:
       | This site is teeming with book recommendations.
       | 
       | Here is the all-time top of the Business category:
       | https://hacker-recommended-books.vercel.app/category/7/all-t...
        
         | tracyhenry wrote:
         | Author of the site, thanks for plugging it.
         | 
         | Disclaimer that this site hasn't been updated since Sept 2021.
         | So the book list is not the latest. I do want to give it a spin
         | some time later using the latest language models and make auto
         | updates.
        
       | sanswork wrote:
       | Startup CXO will give you an overview of all your fellow CXOs
       | responsibilities.
        
       | dgs_sgd wrote:
       | A lot of knowledge falls under the business umbrella. Have you
       | asked the other C levels where they learned, or what you should
       | focus on? I think that would be more helpful then turning to
       | general learning material first.
        
       | cdiamand wrote:
       | You could (should?) ask others in your company at the C-Level to
       | give you a high level briefing on what they work on, and how they
       | think about their work. They may also have favored books,
       | materials etc.
       | 
       | Coming from a technical background where you've likely had to
       | understand and work on complex structures, I think you're well
       | positioned to understand the structures in your organization.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | verdverm wrote:
       | Crossing the Chasm is a must read. The Challenger Sale too. Among
       | the other references in sibling comments
        
       | ssss11 wrote:
       | Speak with colleagues to understand how the business works - what
       | is it's core competency - service or product, and how does your
       | company build and sell that.
       | 
       | Then get a basis in accounting.
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | Lots of finance-based suggestions already. But, if you're willing
       | to use history as a guide, then first up should be marketing &
       | sales. In many cases, those who bubble to the top have an M&S
       | background.
       | 
       | Financials are important, but not as important as having a bias
       | for customers and revenue.
        
       | baxtr wrote:
       | Hi! Could you give an example or be a bit more specific? What
       | kind of things are you struggling with?
       | 
       | Is it certain topics or business lingo?
        
         | leonardo2204 wrote:
         | Thanks for your time! Basically, business in General,
         | understading whether or not The company numbers are doing ok or
         | not, how much to invest in the tech team, cut costs and so on.
        
           | baxtr wrote:
           | Ok. Thanks. Sounds like you are mainly struggling with topics
           | around numbers, investments, costs etc.
           | 
           | Unfortunately I don't have a specific resource to recommend.
           | 
           | But I can share from my experience.
           | 
           | I have advised some tech people on this specifically and it
           | usually boils down to: explain everything you want to do in $
           | figures. $s is the language the CFO and the CEO speak. So you
           | need to translate anything into their realm.
           | 
           | Most tech folks talk team, tech, servers. CFOs/CEOs don't
           | bother and don't understand. So try to calculate some basic
           | business cases for most of your requests and for their
           | questions to you. Nothing basic, but have some rudimentary
           | logic ready.
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | CFA offers a free foundations certification. That should cover
       | basic finance.
       | 
       | On a side note, your company/HR should have an executive
       | education plan. They should be able to recommend the materials or
       | courses to help you learn what they want you to. If not, they
       | probably should start something like that.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | Why disagree with this?
        
       | marban wrote:
       | Ray Dalio -- How the economic machine works, Principles, etc.
       | 
       | Jim Collins -- Good to great
        
       | themarketbyte wrote:
       | Twitter is a great start.
       | 
       | Create an anon account, follow investors & business people, ask
       | questions, and over time start engaging in conversations.
       | 
       | A couple good follows to start: 1. @patrick_oshag (also listen to
       | his pod) 2. @trengriffin 3. @secretCFO - read newsletter as well
       | 4. @onlyCFO - read their newsletter as well 5. 10k diver (read
       | his threads on his website)
       | 
       | From there, look at who they follow and engage with. Twitter is a
       | one-stop shop for all your business learning.
       | 
       | P.S. we write a daily tech & markets newsletter @
       | themarketbyte.com. Having a daily email outlining top business
       | information is useful to stay on top of news and develop a pulse
       | for the market. Cheers to your jorney!
        
       | j45 wrote:
       | Hi welcome to the front role. Spent a good amount of time in the
       | CTO role.
       | 
       | Happy to chat offline.
       | 
       | Things I wish I knew:
       | 
       | The first law of learning business is tech folks can learn
       | business far easier than business folks can learn tech. You have
       | this.
       | 
       | Second law is no one should represent your voice. They should
       | help present it.
       | 
       | The leadership team should be facilitating introductions to learn
       | more about the business how they see fit. If it's not proactively
       | happening.. keep reading.
       | 
       | Learning business is as much about understanding what the
       | business needs and how it can get there as accounting and
       | finance.
       | 
       | Understand the type of cto you are there to be, there are many
       | kind. I have a book somewhere that broke it down well but
       | effectively it can vary.
       | 
       | Read into CIO roles and responsibilities as well as traditionally
       | they made the decisions about tech
       | 
       | If your position is net new you are extra capacity. Be mindful of
       | absorbing work from other areas that upholds the past vs change
       | for the future.
       | 
       | Find a framework you like for your first 30-60-90 days.
       | 
       | First, tech should never ever roll into Finance, only CEO. You
       | are now the leader of possibility and capability in the
       | organization. It may ruffle feathers. Find all the reports from
       | McKinsey, etc making this clear why. This will mean you'll need
       | to be a better communicator and self manager out of the gate.
       | 
       | Get an executive coach or mentor immediately. Once a week at
       | minimum if not twice a week for the first few weeks. You will
       | know when to ease off.
       | 
       | Setup your own way to communicate regularly with the entire
       | company. Find all the meeting you May want a slot on.
       | 
       | Learn the phrase innovation accounting- how to measure what can't
       | be counted by dollars and cents. Your world can be undermined by
       | folks who want to measure what suits them.
       | 
       | Digital transformation - take a few classes or certain
       | immediately. Quicker than books. Be clear in whether the business
       | is building the future, or catching up to the present.
       | 
       | Change management - take a cert immediately for it, it's fine to
       | read but only a 2-3 day thing. It will keep mbas with no track
       | record at bay.
       | 
       | Togaf/Cobit - having something like this doesn't hurt. At least
       | read about it.
       | 
       | Agile/scrum - make sure you can talk the talk and walk the walk.
       | Those words belong to you now. I'd probably lean towards agile.
       | 
       | Six sigma - this overlaps with others a over however a bit better
       | known in the business world. Consider it.
       | 
       | If you want to become a better speaker look into a course like
       | Roger Love's speaking courses, you will discover how simply your
       | voice is just an instrument like keyword and you can use it as
       | well as the best.
       | 
       | Learn how to read and summarize simply when needed. It helps
       | tremendously to present complex ideas simply to folks who just
       | need to know to put the car in drive.
        
       | headelf wrote:
       | I would start by reading High Output Management by Andrew Grove -
       | It really gives a great lens to view a business through and helps
       | you focus on the right problems
        
       | SnowHill9902 wrote:
       | You learn business by becoming a businessman.
        
       | meekaaku wrote:
       | I think getting basics of accounts/finance will go a long way.
       | Being able to read a balance sheet/profit & loss
       | statement/cashflow statements will help you understand the health
       | of business.
       | 
       | Next I would say, reading up on basic marketing/consumer
       | psychology will help develop/acquire product and sell it.
       | 
       | Since you mentioned being CTO, I am assume you have
       | development/programming background. This series [1] is good read
       | targetted to developers who want learn a bit of accounting and
       | finance.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.moderntreasury.com/journal/accounting-for-
       | develo...
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | The CFA has a foundations course that should be more
         | comprehensive than this, instead of focusing just on financial
         | accounting. It's free, online, and you can earn a cert for it.
        
         | autodev1 wrote:
         | I second this, immensely.
         | 
         | I learned basic accounting at a community college-- Financial
         | Accounting (3 hr course) & Managerial Accounting (3 hr course).
         | I later took Intermediate Accounting 1 which was also super
         | insightful.
         | 
         | But those first two... Wow. They really opened up the "black
         | box" of internal financial operations within a business, to me.
         | Prior to those first two courses, I had no idea what happens
         | when I pay a cashier a dollar, and how that dollar flows
         | through a company to pay their vendors & employees (as well as
         | taxes).
         | 
         | Intermediate Accounting 1 & 2 (dropped out of 2) taught me more
         | about how accounting statements relate to the stock market &
         | financiers.
         | 
         | If you'd like a free intro, you can check out this free online
         | college-level textbook on accounting:
         | https://www.principlesofaccounting.com/ [1]
         | 
         | Accounting knowledge + Digital Marketing experience has been
         | invaluable to me as a Software Engineering consultant (in the
         | digital marketing & small + medium sized business space)-- I
         | understand the language of business and can predict what a
         | customer needs much better than I could before.
         | 
         | [1] About the author: Larry M. Walther is Professor Emeritus
         | from Utah State University. He previously served as the EY
         | Professor, Head of the School of Accountancy, and Senior
         | Associate Dean of the Jon M. Huntsman School of Business. Dr.
         | Walther has authored numerous accounting textbooks and
         | articles, and has served as director and/or consultant to a
         | number of public and nonpublic companies. Dr. Walther earned
         | his Ph.D. in accounting from Oklahoma State University and has
         | public accounting experience with the audit firm of Ernst &
         | Young.
        
           | starwind wrote:
           | Agree on taking financial accounting at a community college
           | or a university. Accounting is a way of thinking and I can't
           | imagine learning it on my own.
           | 
           | Finance on the other hand is a bunch of mathematical formulas
           | that are usually dumbed down. With OP being technical they
           | should be able to learn the finance stuff on their own.
           | 
           | I'd venture to say with a solid understand of financial
           | accounting they can probably learn financial statement
           | analysis on their own too. I really like this book:
           | https://www.amazon.com/Financial-Statement-Analysis-
           | Practiti...
        
         | mooreds wrote:
         | For finance knowledge, I'd volunteer to be a treasurer at a
         | local non-profit, or HOA, or similar organization. That's a
         | great way to get to read balance sheets, income statements, and
         | more, in a real world scenario.
         | 
         | The world of business is large. I'd probably read up on the
         | particular domain your focusing on (real estate? sales?
         | telephony? etc). Find subject matter experts at your company
         | and take them to coffee and ask what they read or recommend.
        
       | danielmarkbruce wrote:
       | The Personal MBA by Josh Kaufman.
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Personal-MBA-10th-Anniversary-ebook/d...
       | 
       | Great resource to go from zero to some basic understanding of a
       | lot of stuff.
        
         | lta wrote:
         | I've read it a long time ago, and while it doesn't contain
         | anything that will change your mind, it's a concise coverage of
         | all the important topics in a single and easy to digest
         | package.
         | 
         | I feel that it gives solid foundations to start learning and
         | build upon. I've read it and recommended it to a lot of people
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | blowski wrote:
           | Agreed. There are a lot of "popular business" books which are
           | basically a blog post stretched out over 200 pages. They're
           | full of wonkish ideas that might, at best, only work in a
           | specific context. Kaufman's book is a thorough grounding in
           | the different aspects of running a business, without the
           | faff.
        
       | saasdev wrote:
       | Great question. As a founder and CTO, I too have been through
       | this. Couple recommendations:
       | 
       | Books: -The Personal MBA by Kaufman is a great start -Financial
       | Statements: A Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding and Creating
       | Financial Reports
       | 
       | Next advice is to learn investing. I've learned a ton by studying
       | public companies, listening to earning calls, reading 10Ks, etc..
       | 
       | Audible books are great for consuming biz books on marketing,
       | mgmt, teamwork, etc..
       | 
       | Founders podcast for just learning entrepreneurship and it being
       | awesome.
        
       | magicloop wrote:
       | I was also at the same juncture and found the 'The Personal MBA'
       | Josh Kaufman book highly valuable. Because this book is an index
       | book. Each couple of pages is the distilled top level
       | wisdom/knowledge of a separate business domain. If that section
       | takes your attention it provides a curated book list for digging
       | in deeper.
       | 
       | So you just read the entire book for a wide-but-shallow
       | understanding, and then drill in to topics that interest you
       | most.
       | 
       | Getting into the business domain is firstly an issue of
       | awareness. Once you have an awareness of the landscape you build
       | your knowledge bit by bit.
       | 
       | For me it was obvious that sales was my weakest area, so I
       | focussed on that with further reading and practice. (Turned out I
       | was quite good at it in the end - a total shock to me as I am the
       | nerdy techie type personality).
        
       | eof wrote:
       | Others have said CFA. CFA is the obvious paved path to what you
       | are looking for. A few grand to add some letters to your name,
       | and it will forever alter the way you think about business. But
       | probably just ask someone who you think knows a lot to teach you.
        
         | Dowwie wrote:
         | A CFA is completely absurd for a CTO to pursue, even if that
         | CTO were working for an investment management company. The OP
         | wants to study to learn, not study to pass an exam. You can do
         | one or the either for the CFA, but not both. Also, one doesn't
         | learn "business" with the CFA but finance and accounting.
        
         | ioblomov wrote:
         | I second seeking a mentor. Unless your goals specifically
         | require it, getting degrees is costly, in time, money, and
         | opportunity cost. As an engineer/CTO you too have specialized
         | knowledge and experience to offer. Offer it up in exchange for
         | theirs.
        
       | jonfw wrote:
       | Has anybody here had experience with having a technical
       | background, and then getting an MBA?
       | 
       | I'm curious just how much this fast tracks someone into
       | leadership
        
       | gretch wrote:
       | MIT free course on finance from first principles. Answers
       | questions like the difference between price and value. Why do
       | interest rates exist
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/HdHlfiOAJyE
        
         | m3affan wrote:
         | Real LPT in the comments
        
         | jewba wrote:
         | I tend to watch a lot of MIT open courseware, most of the times
         | not really paying that much attention. But this professor
         | (Andrew Lo) is the best one by far. Makes the syllabus really
         | engaging and easy to understand
        
       | lcall wrote:
       | A few books I read or am reading now, though I'm not in business
       | or management currently:
       | 
       | The Personal MBA: master the art of business, by Josh Kaufman
       | (and personalmba.com has more info, maybe). Seems to want to be
       | the practical guide.
       | 
       | MBA in a Nutshell, by Milo Sobel. Seems slightly more academic
       | than the one just above.
       | 
       | Start Your Own Business: the only startup book you'll ever need,
       | from Entrepreneur
       | 
       | At least the first two come with lists of recommended further
       | reading, by topic, including on finance, marketing, etc etc.
        
       | schimmy_changa wrote:
       | This book is an easy-to-read and short reference for all of the
       | financial jargon / skills you'll need to know:
       | https://financialintelligencebook.com/. Worth it to read and to
       | be able to reference quickly. (Covers cashflow, balance sheet,
       | working capital, etc)
       | 
       | Agree with others here that working with someone else at the
       | C-level to help you come up with your own small curriculum would
       | be great, even if they don't need to teach you themselves.
        
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