[HN Gopher] Shorting Tether
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Shorting Tether
        
       Author : yoelo
       Score  : 201 points
       Date   : 2023-01-08 15:00 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fakemoneynews.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fakemoneynews.substack.com)
        
       | deadlast2 wrote:
       | Keep away. Obviously crooks involved in the tether from the
       | beginning. These crooks are big financial institutions and you
       | might get sucked in to a short squeeze.
        
         | Invictus0 wrote:
         | A short squeeze on a stablecoin? lol
        
         | tornato7 wrote:
         | Shorting stablecoins is pretty uniquely risk off because the
         | price of Tether will not go much higher than $1.
        
       | GlitchMr wrote:
       | The problem with shorting cryptocurrency is that you are assuming
       | that market is fair, when this is absolutely not the case - the
       | market is heavily manipulated.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | _So now we wait, paying 12.36% a year for the eventual pleasure
       | of saying "I told you so". Seems like a pretty good deal to us._
       | 
       | Not really. most of your money will be gone in just 6 years if
       | nothing happens Obviously, borrowing in usdt is very good if it
       | goes to zero.
        
       | jboogie77 wrote:
       | https://twitter.com/oppositeinvict2/status/15365109846549299...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | hoschicz wrote:
       | Note that interest rates on USDT went down now and now it costs
       | around only 3 % APR to short it. I've been short for a year now
       | and will be fairly rich if Tether burns to the ground.
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | How's that profitable when compared to buying bicoin year after
         | the crash and hodling for 3 years?
        
           | albntomat0 wrote:
           | The probability of Tether collapsing and Bitcoin going
           | to/beyond its previous peak are definitely different.
           | 
           | They're also quite possibly inversely correlated (e.g. Tether
           | collapsing could also tank Bitcoin).
        
         | retube wrote:
         | How are you managing the counterparty risk?
        
       | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
       | I'm willing to take the bet. Let's send $10k each to a reputable
       | escrow. If after a year USDT trades under $0.9, you get $20k.
       | Otherwise, I get it.
        
         | bagacrap wrote:
         | Their bet doesn't require tether to blow up in the next one
         | year. It's only a total loss for them after 6 years or so.
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | That is not the bet they are taking, the r/r is completely
         | different.
        
       | acjohnson55 wrote:
       | I had this same idea a few months ago:
       | https://mobile.twitter.com/AlanJay1/status/14187863191997808...
       | 
       | I'd bet on USDT failing in 3 years. But I'd want to understand
       | how the close-out works under the assumption that the non-
       | stablecoin collateral in Aave crashes and the liquidation process
       | isn't able to preserve the value of the pool. I haven't studied
       | that in depth. My guess is there's non-negligble risk of not
       | being able to get that return on the last leg of the trade, even
       | if the hypothesis is right.
        
         | c7b wrote:
         | I guess most people who looked at crypto had that idea, and
         | most people who thought about for more than a short moment
         | probably came to similar conclusions as the OP (if you do it,
         | do it through DeFi, and ideally only with what's probably play
         | money for them). One thing they didn't mention that someone who
         | just wants to play around should keep in mind is that you might
         | incur tax reporting obligations.
         | 
         | On the technical point: USDT isn't used as collateral in the
         | protocol, apparently, so the main risk is that other assets in
         | the collateral pool like Ether drop so sharply that the
         | liquidation mechanism can't keep up / that the price oracles
         | get messed up. That's a known unknown, there are also unknown
         | unknown, eg bugs/unexpected behavior in the protocol. There's
         | also the question whether/how you'd be able to convert your
         | crypto holdings back into fiat dollars at that point (most
         | centralized exchanges might be in trouble, with USDC you need
         | to create a business account with Circle, but still seems like
         | a feasible off-ramp).
        
       | adrianchifor wrote:
       | You know who already made tens of millions in profits and will
       | continue to because of stories like this? Market makers that
       | redeem billions of USDT for cash with Tether/Bitfinex every time
       | it goes under $0.99. Borrow USDT on leverage, cash out at $1 to
       | US bank, mint USDC with Circle, swap to USDT, repay USDT loan and
       | bank the difference, rinse and repeat until it's back to $1.
        
         | arez wrote:
         | nobody is redeeming tethers with bitfinex, they don't even have
         | proper banking anywhere and their accounts are constantly
         | shutdown by various entities.
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | It's not a risk free proposition, it's probably a losing
         | proposition in the long term.
         | 
         | Every time it dips under $0.99, there's a chance it goes
         | straight to $0 and cannot be cashed out anywhere.
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | >there's a chance it goes straight to $0
           | 
           | Since Tether is fully backed the chance is really small.
        
             | grey-area wrote:
             | Tether is not fully backed.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | There is no proof of this. Despite many people
               | complaining Tether continues to pay out billions dollars
               | to people redeeming tethers.
        
             | bagels wrote:
             | They merely claim it is fully backed.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | No, they also have third party attestations that it is
               | fully backed.
        
               | bagels wrote:
               | Apparently those attestations are relatively recent in
               | their history, but also not very convincing:
               | 
               | https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/03/30/tether-takes-
               | ste...
               | 
               | "as noted later in the article the composition of
               | Tether's assets is not spelled out in the attestation"
               | 
               | Meaning they may be backed by loans or fraud coins or
               | anything.
        
           | eli wrote:
           | This will absolutely happen some day
        
             | Aperocky wrote:
             | If the feds rate prediction are true, probably within the
             | year.
        
               | bagacrap wrote:
               | why? tether can survive a 4.25% overnight rate and not
               | 50%?
        
         | nateberkopec wrote:
         | > Market makers that redeem billions of USDT for cash with
         | Tether/Bitfinex
         | 
         | Have people actually seen the receipts for this? I'm skeptical
         | that this actually occurs.
        
           | Marazan wrote:
           | Hey, a highly reputable trader Sam Bankman Fried claims to
           | habe done exactly that. His reputation is second to none.
        
       | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
       | Even if counterparty/protocol risk don't eat you, "the market can
       | remain irrational longer than you can remain solvent" applies
       | here and the interest can eat you.
        
       | arez wrote:
       | just short coinbase, if tether blows up, the whole crypto market
       | will blow up, therefore coinbase will blow up. There's no way
       | coinbases stock price wouldn't go down if tether and bitcoin go
       | to zero
        
       | cgb223 wrote:
       | Has anyone found a reliable platform in the US to legally short /
       | take out PUTs on a crypto currency in the US?
       | 
       | I went looking last year and couldn't find anyone allowing this
       | feature. Binance had something close but only on their .com site
       | not their American .us site
        
         | codexon wrote:
         | There are options on bitcoin futures and the bitcoin etf bito.
        
         | throwaway1777 wrote:
         | Until regulators approve such things they won't be offered
         | legitimately after all the saber rattling from the sec.
        
         | marcrosoft wrote:
         | IBKR has futures trading for bitcoin. You can go both
         | directions with futures.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | You could do it the old fashioned way. You find somebody who
         | thinks the value of their crypto will go up. You pay them to
         | borrow their crypto for, say, a year. You then sell the crypto
         | for dollars and in a year you hope you can buy it back for less
         | than you made.
         | 
         | The legal way to do it would be with an old-fashioned paper
         | contract between two known parties. But as web3isgoinggreat.com
         | has made clear to me, the more effective way to do it is to use
         | some crypto site for the deal. If you're lucky, the
         | tools/sites/curriencies you've used will just have gone out of
         | business. And even if not, apparently you can just say, "Oops,
         | I used the money to do other things so I'm not giving anything
         | back to you."
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | Wasn't ETH created just for this purpose by accomplishing
           | these deals via smart contracts?
        
             | c7b wrote:
             | Yes, and they exist, that's also what the article's author
             | ended up using.
        
         | rabf wrote:
         | Why not use one of the on chain solutions? Theres quite a few
         | options platfoens ib defi.
         | 
         | https://www.coingecko.com/en/categories/decentralized-option...
        
           | matkoniecz wrote:
           | Because Tether crashing down is very likely to destroy also
           | them.
           | 
           | AKA counterparty risk.
        
         | tornato7 wrote:
         | LedgerX offers legal crypto Derivatives in the US, but it's a
         | pretty poor customer experience.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | queuebert wrote:
       | The problem is no one can calculate a Sharpe ratio for crypto.
       | The variance is not well understood.
        
         | chollida1 wrote:
         | Sharpe ratio uses a backward looking variance as it tells you
         | how you traded wrt to the volatility.
         | 
         | I assure you, we can trivially look back to see the variance.
         | 
         | I mean, how could we calculate a sharpe without knowing the
         | return and volatility, we always use historical for both, its
         | one measure of how we track portfolio returns, which again, are
         | backward looking.
         | 
         | Though sharpe isn't used as much as it was 15-20 years go due
         | to it penalizing volatility in positive returns as much as it
         | penalizes volatility in losses.
        
       | Sebb767 wrote:
       | It's a sidenote, but part ("Act") 1 has a strange structure. They
       | start off with Tether doing dodgy business and most likely being
       | insolvent (a very good and sound point), but then end with
       | 
       | > Tether's most public executive, CTO Paolo Ardoino, uses a
       | Twitter avatar that seems to be a pear with the face of the
       | Joker.
       | 
       | and
       | 
       | > His wife, Claudia Lagorio, began working at Bitfinex as a
       | Mobile Application/Frontend Developer in 2016. Three years later,
       | she was appointed Chief Operating Officer of both Bitfinex and
       | Tether.
       | 
       | Those are extremely weak claims. The latter is at least a meager
       | allegation of nepotism, although, without more context, it's
       | really not that strong. The avatar, on the other hand, is a
       | distraction at best. Ending the paragraph on those claims makes
       | the argument appear a lot weaker, if not even disingenuous.
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | Agree with you on the Joker avatar being pretty irrelevant, but
         | there's a bit more than _just_ nepotism implied a growth-stage
         | financial services company trading billions in assets which had
         | already experienced serious regulatory and fund loss problems
         | deciding the C level appointment their operational issues
         | needed was someone with no prior finance experience but plenty
         | of reason to be loyal to the founders who 'd been hired a
         | little earlier to implement the UI for their app. Even in the
         | hacker-founder world of Silicon Valley, that would be an
         | unusual promotion path, for a troubled company in a regulated
         | field like finance it's a red flag...
        
         | ShamelessC wrote:
         | It is written in the form of a casual blog post. Really, all he
         | is saying is that he doesn't respect these people on a personal
         | level and "knows the type" (or what have you). If you disagree,
         | that's fine, but if you want a more formal type of discourse,
         | pay some journalists.
         | 
         | It also _does not_ strike me as "weird in context", but I guess
         | you're just hoping people don't actually read the thing (which,
         | fair enough - no one does here).
        
       | jeffreyrogers wrote:
       | For it be worth doing for a hedge fund they'd need to be able to
       | put on a sizable trade. Let's say $1mm but probably a lot more.
       | Is there enough liquidity to do this? I have no idea.
        
       | josh2600 wrote:
       | I feel like most people look at stablecoins and say "this is such
       | an easy business!" and in a way they're right, but they're also
       | wrong.
       | 
       | Stablecoins derive stability through a system. This system uses
       | collateralization to present a fixed price. In its most
       | simplistic form the system has $1 for every $1 in it.
       | Unfortunately, in such a system, there is no point in the
       | virtualization, which is called hypothecation in finance.
       | 
       | Hypothecated assets exist to allow asymmetric risk. Think of it
       | this way:
       | 
       | * Alice runs a bank and has dollars in it.
       | 
       | * Bob runs a stablecoin and wants it to be backed by dollars.
       | 
       | * Alice says "you can mint $1 of hnUSD for every dollar I have in
       | my bank."
       | 
       | * Bob mints 1 hnUSD.
       | 
       | * Alice invests the dollar in their bank into US treasuries to
       | earn a yield backed by the full faith and credit of the United
       | States Government.
       | 
       | * Bob is free to use his hnUSD for whatever he wants to do in his
       | ecosystem and Alice will be able to redeem it when he brings it
       | back to Alice's bank when she sells her US treasury.
       | 
       | The problem in all of these systems is actually hauntingly
       | simple: Liquidity is king.
       | 
       | In the event that Bob needs dollars quickly, Alice may not be
       | able to sell treasuries quickly. This is called a liquidity
       | crisis.
       | 
       | Before we start pointing fingers at cryptocurrency, take a second
       | and think about how banks work. All of banking is built on
       | hypothecation and risk management. The businesses that stand the
       | test of time in finance are the ones that manage risk most
       | effectively. There is a time to be bullish, and a time to be
       | bearish. Having the wisdom to know the difference is often won
       | only with battle scars.
       | 
       | I am thankful for the public-private partnership that facilitates
       | humanity's collective dream through finance. I am hopeful that we
       | can learn the lessons of the past to not repeat history's
       | mistakes.
       | 
       | The future of finance is on-chain governance/on-chain proof of
       | reserves/on-chain liquidation.
        
       | lvl102 wrote:
       | It's been more than a decade and it's still not that cheap to
       | short crypto. I am 100% convinced that's by design. If you think
       | equity is rigged, crypto is a complete circus. I rather not deal
       | with it even if money can be made. It's going to slam you at some
       | point.
        
         | 323 wrote:
         | Nobody is stopping you from creating an "unrigged" way of
         | shorting crypto. If what you say is true, you will have huge
         | demand.
         | 
         | Also, you can short crypto on CME. Is that rigged too?
        
           | s28l wrote:
           | > Also, you can short crypto on CME. Is that rigged too?
           | 
           | I think your first point is fair, but I think you're
           | overselling things here. Yyou can only short Bitcoin, not all
           | crypto, but the real issue is that the Bitcoin futures curve
           | is in backwardation, which implies a certain financing cost
           | to go short.
           | 
           | The settlements for the various contracts can be found
           | here[0]. Nearly all of the volume is concentrated in the
           | front month contract (Jan 23 at the moment), so if you want
           | to be able to trade any size at all, you'll have to do so by
           | selling that contract.
           | 
           | However, the issue is that the future price is consistently
           | lower than the spot price. So if you bought a Bitcoin today
           | and then sold a future for the front month (i.e. so you
           | locked in the price you could sell the Bitcoin at in the
           | future), you would be guaranteed to lose money.
           | 
           | And you will effectively have to do exactly that every month:
           | as your short contract approaches expiry, you'll need to roll
           | it over for the next month's contract. As the front month
           | gets closer to expiry, its price will trend to the Bitcoin
           | spot price, meaning you'll have to buy it back at a higher
           | price then you will get when you sell the next month
           | contract.
           | 
           | I don't have access to the historical settlement prices for
           | the CME contracts at the moment, so I can't estimate the
           | exact roll cost you'd pay over the course of a year. If we
           | guess that it's about $100 each roll, then you'd pay $1200
           | over the course of the year per bitcoin (as well as having to
           | commit 50% of the price of bitcoin in margin).
           | 
           | The OP posted 185 USDC net as collateral and has a short
           | position of 450 USDT, which he's paying about 13% on. In the
           | CME case, the collateral requirements are higher (50% of the
           | notional shorted) but the financing cost is lower (less than
           | 10% of notional shorted).
           | 
           | [0] https://www.cmegroup.com/markets/cryptocurrencies/bitcoin
           | /bi...
        
             | 323 wrote:
             | The fact that bitcoin is so expensive to short shows that
             | it's risky to provide a cheaper way.
             | 
             | Otherwise someone would offer cheaper options and undercut
             | all the existing market makers.
        
         | djtango wrote:
         | On OddLots they interviewed someone who shorted Luna and borrow
         | fees were insanely high in part due to the fact that it would
         | yield 20%.
        
         | vgatherps wrote:
         | > It's been more than a decade and it's still not that cheap to
         | short crypto
         | 
         | Is not true, you have been able to short in derivatives markets
         | for ages and frequently get paid for it.
         | 
         | > I am 100% convinced that's by design.
         | 
         | Nothing about crypto prevents to one entity from lending to
         | another at a rate of their own choosing.
        
       | jupp0r wrote:
       | There's also the risk of collateral damage to BTC and other
       | crypto assets. That sweet money you are making is coming from
       | somewhere.
        
       | ansible wrote:
       | Man, I'd love to short Tether too. But that would mean giving
       | actual USD to some other exchange, and I'm yet to be convinced
       | that there are any exchanges who aren't running some kind of
       | fraud scheme as well.
        
         | tornato7 wrote:
         | You can short tether purely with ETH collateral on-chain, and
         | then you're not exposed to any exchange risk. Of course you are
         | then exposed to ETH price risk.
        
           | polygamous_bat wrote:
           | It's like sawing off a tree branch you are sitting on: if
           | Tether falls Ethereum prices will be severely impacted as
           | well.
        
       | jqpabc123 wrote:
       | Tether is the support mechanism underlying the entire crypto
       | market.
       | 
       | You're basically betting that the crypto market will collapse ...
       | but the exchange/broker/whoever you're dealing with will survive
       | and have the necessary funds to cover your short.
       | 
       | It all seems rather contradictory to me --- you think it's all
       | going to collapse ... but at the same time you're willing to bet
       | that your little chosen piece of it will somehow survive just
       | fine. And not shutdown withdrawals at the first sign of trouble
       | (like others have done) so you can collect your payout.
       | 
       | This is almost like playing the lottery --- winning is pure dumb
       | luck beyond your control.
        
         | logifail wrote:
         | > You're basically betting that the crypto market will collapse
         | 
         | By coincidence, my wife was watching The Big Short (2015) with
         | our eldest two kids tonight, it really is worth watching
         | [again] if you've not seen it [recently].
         | 
         | > ... but the exchange/broker/whoever you're dealing with will
         | survive and have the necessary funds to cover your short
         | 
         | Michael Burry has pretty much _exactly_ that conversation with
         | Goldman in the film.
        
       | spaceman_2020 wrote:
       | I've been deeply involved in crypto the past 3 years and everyone
       | in the space knows that Tether is a scam. No serious investor
       | holds USDT over USDC in their personal wallets. Tether only
       | exists as a way to trade on centralized exchanges.
       | 
       | The problem is that everyone in the system is so deeply reliant
       | on USDT that they will do everything possible to prop it up.
       | 
       | Honestly, the only thing that can bring down Tether at this point
       | is either the collapse of one of the major central players (such
       | as Binance) or government action.
        
         | sshine wrote:
         | > everyone in the space knows that Tether is a scam
         | 
         | For those interested, Coffeezilla did a piece on Tether:
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/-whuXHSL1Pg
         | 
         | And yes, it's a scam.
         | 
         | Hodlers seem to tolerate it because crashing Tether would
         | impact their net value. It's sad.
        
         | crtified wrote:
         | To finesse the idea of major central players whose downfall
         | would collapse Tether:
         | 
         | Tether has remained relatively unaffected by major exchange
         | collapses and disappearances over the years, including the very
         | recent implosion of the world's second-biggest (after Binance)
         | crypto exchange FTX. Barely a blip on their radar.
         | 
         | So I posit that Binance is probably the _only_ exchange whose
         | downfall may (may!) collapse Tether. And even then, Tether
         | would be one among many, in that scenario.
         | 
         | Apart from that, the only entity whose collapse might also end
         | Tether is perhaps "Tether itself". Unless anyone has other
         | ideas? So it would seem to me that the government action is
         | more likely to impact them than anything else at this stage.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | gitfan86 wrote:
       | During the '07 housing crisis people bought "Synthetic CDOs"
       | which where actually bets on a particular set of mortgages
       | defaulting.
       | 
       | For example, they bet that a group of mortgages where the
       | borrower had no proof of income and a mortgage with a very high
       | interest rate in a location where prices were falling would fail.
       | It seems like a reasonable bet, but they didn't take into account
       | that the people taking these bets had no limit to how many times
       | they could take the bet. Eventually they had enough money to just
       | payoff the mortgages and win the bet.
       | 
       | I would be very concerned here that the same type of risk could
       | happen
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | You're confusing a synthetic collateralized debt obligation
         | (CDO squared) with a credit default swap (CDS).
        
           | gitfan86 wrote:
           | Good, the last thing I want is to be an expert in the details
           | of the obfuscation and misdirection of the scammers on Wall
           | St. during '07
        
       | WinstonSmith84 wrote:
       | More like "Shorting Tether for Fun and Slow Bleeding"... 8 years
       | of FUD and still here, it doesn't take 8 years to do a safe 2x in
       | crypto, not even in trad-fi.
        
         | albntomat0 wrote:
         | Something existing for a long time increases the probability of
         | it being stable, but does not guarantee it. It could be that
         | Tether falls apart in a certain set of conditions that just has
         | not happened yet, such as FTX/Alameda being exposed by bad
         | crypto conditions in 2022. It took Theranos 15 years to fall
         | apart.
         | 
         | For the majority of folks to be convinced, Tether both has to
         | exist for a long while, and provide a basic level of
         | introspection into how the reserves are handled.
        
         | alisiddiq wrote:
         | The way I look at it - Its not a matter of if, its a matter of
         | when. Even the die hard crypto bros know tether is nothing but
         | a giant ponzi scheme.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | Yes, if there's anything I've learned from the crypto markets
         | lately it's that a few years of (apparent but vigorously
         | unaudited) success is proof that it is very safe and won't come
         | apart precipitously.
        
           | WinstonSmith84 wrote:
           | not sure whether this was sarcastic, but if it really is,
           | then you shall just extend your time horizon. Those who
           | bought bitcoin at the worst moment of 2014 are still now at a
           | comfortable ~20x (and roughly ~2x on the spx)
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | Oh wait, is the game we're playing Pick an Arbitrary Time
             | Period That Lets Me Be Right? How fun, let me try.
             | 
             | In which case I am happy to extend my time horizon. We
             | could go back 15 years, where all of this stuff was
             | worthless. We could go back 20 years where the online
             | currencies Beenz and Flooz had just collapsed into
             | worthlessness. We could go back 150 years to the wildcat
             | banking area, the last time we let chumps just make up
             | magic money, which was such a disaster that it was
             | foundational to the modern regulatory regime. Or how about
             | we go back 300 years and look at the South Seas Bubble and
             | Isaac Netwon's time reforming British currency so it was
             | less of an exploitable clusterfuck.
             | 
             | You're right, extending my time horizon really does help
             | put cryptocurrency in perspective.
        
             | reducesuffering wrote:
             | How does that help whether to buy or sell in 2023? You
             | could say the exact same paragraph last year, but someone
             | would've bought and lost 2/3 now. That means it could
             | happen again.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Hey now. The Bitcoin price is heavily dependent on
               | financially naive people putting dollars in. If you're
               | just going to run around countering hype with facts and
               | reasonableness, how are they going to get the bubble to
               | reinflate?
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | Must all criticism of Tether be FUD? Their past behavior alone
         | makes me skeptical that it'll ever be trustworthy no matter how
         | rich the gold mine they may have fallen into.
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | The thing is that any and all criticism can be dismissed with
           | "FUD", and that the person can continue to live in their own
           | bubble and avoid the bother of cognitive dissonance.
           | 
           | It feels very similar to the thought stopping techniques that
           | destructive cults use. Trump's word for this is "fake news".
        
           | WinstonSmith84 wrote:
           | Nope, there is a lot of legitimate concerns but the fact is
           | that they are still here. Taking a trade is about taking a
           | bet with a probability to win/lose, and it's just that
           | betting against Tether is worth at most a meagre 2x with a
           | lot of related risks as outlined in the article, whereas
           | there are much faster and safer way to do a 2x in crypto.
           | 
           | After all, big money tried: spreading cheap FUD at the worst
           | moment (FTX), betting heavy against... It didn't work out for
           | them, but they tried and relative to their size, it didn't
           | even cost them that much, I'm sure and it was worth the shot
           | (as despicable as it looks).
        
             | paulryanrogers wrote:
             | So evidence that this article is FUD is that Tether is not
             | yet bankrupt?
             | 
             | Couldn't the same have been said of FTX right up until the
             | moment its insolvency became public knowledge?
             | 
             | I'm curious what you consider safer ways to double ones
             | money in crypto.
        
       | rthomas6 wrote:
       | I still like DAI. Nobody seems to have heard of it or remember it
       | exists, but it's a stablecoin that doesn't rely on "trust me
       | bro". It's soft pegged to the dollar through its algorithm. While
       | the crypto world seems to have been almost entirely replaced
       | people interested in and having a basic understanding of the
       | technological side of it with people who want to get rich quick
       | while understanding nothing, DAI has remained successfully pegged
       | to the dollar. Not perfect but also not likely to take a
       | permanent dump.
        
         | greenthrow wrote:
         | Algorithmic stablecoins are not a good idea. See: Luna/Terra.
        
           | m00dy wrote:
           | Algorithmic stable coins are the future, they just need a
           | reliable utility.
        
             | polygamous_bat wrote:
             | Are you saying... they're a solution looking for a problem?
        
           | yokem55 wrote:
           | The main difference between MakerDAO/DAI and Luna/UST is that
           | Maker doesn't accept their native token as collateral. You
           | have to use collaterals external to the protocol which won't
           | inflate in response to where DAI is relative to a $1 peg.
           | 
           | In contrast, UST only had LUNA as collateral, and ended up
           | minting more and more LUNA as UST fell off it's peg.
           | 
           | That's not to say that DAI doen't have it's own risks as they
           | have a lot of potentially censorable USDC as collateral,
           | there could be situations where they can't liquidate
           | borrowers fast enough if a collateral falls in USD price too
           | fast, and they run their own oracles which could fail or
           | misbehave. Not to mention the DAO has a fair amount of
           | governance drama on a regular basis. But those risks are
           | quite distinct from what took luna/ust down.
        
           | G3rn0ti wrote:
           | > Algorithmic stablecoins are not a good idea. See:
           | Luna/Terra.
           | 
           | DAI is _not_ an algorithmic stable coin. (1) While DAI is
           | based on smart contracts it is backed by a mixture of other
           | cryptos and stable coins (not Tether but USDC, IRC). If you
           | really want to keep money in the form of stable coins please
           | use either DAI or USDC and not Tether.
           | 
           | (1) https://kriptomat.io/cryptocurrencies/dai/what-is-dai/
        
       | dominojab wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | uconnectlol wrote:
       | What exactly is hard about running a fiat backed stablecoin?
       | Don't you just accept money for your token and invest it in low
       | risk crap? Isn't this exactly what a consumer bank does? Even
       | Paypal does this [1].
       | 
       | So is the issue that they just (allegedly) got greedy and made
       | high risk investments? Can't Google or some company just make
       | their own stablecoin overnight and have guaranteed profit then?
       | Of course only if it fits with their PR.
       | 
       | 1. https://www.paypal.com/us/webapps/mpp/ua/useragreement-full
       | 
       | > Any PayPal balance you hold represents an unsecured claim
       | against PayPal and, except as provided below, is not insured by
       | the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). PayPal combines
       | your PayPal balance with the PayPal balances of other PayPal
       | customers and invests those funds in liquid investments in
       | accordance with state money transmitter laws. PayPal owns the
       | interest or other earnings on these investments. However, the
       | claim against PayPal represented by your PayPal balance is not
       | secured by these investments and you do not have any ownership
       | interest (either legal or beneficial) in these investments. These
       | combined balances are held apart from PayPal's corporate funds,
       | and PayPal does not use these balances for its operating expenses
       | or any other corporate purposes. Additionally, PayPal will not
       | voluntarily make these balances available to its creditors in the
       | event of bankruptcy.
       | 
       | Note: quote obtained by proxy (https://www.paypal-
       | community.com/t5/My-Money-Archives/Does-p...) as Paypal
       | needlessly block my shared IP.
        
         | dzdt wrote:
         | What's hard is the temptation. If you are running a fiat backed
         | stablecoin with a big market cap, and you are willing to be a
         | bit dishonest you can make yourself obscenely wealthy. There is
         | no one making you keep your hand out of the cookie jar.
         | Resisting that is hard.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | And here "a bit dishonest" is just a matter of leverage.
           | Slightly increase the risk, and _on average_ you 'll come out
           | ahead and have extra money you can siphon off.
           | 
           | This is one reason why economic downturns always expose
           | fraud.
        
         | NoboruWataya wrote:
         | The stuff banks invest in isn't really "low risk", they invest
         | in things like long-term loans that have a non-negligible risk
         | of default. In order to be properly safe, a stablecoin would
         | need to invest in much lower risk investments like money market
         | funds and high quality commercial paper, which tends to have
         | very low returns. The stablecoin would also need to have proper
         | custodial arrangements in place which would cost money.
         | Companies like PayPal do something similar as a way to avoid
         | holding many millions in a bank account (which, as well as
         | being subject to the credit risk of the bank, could attract
         | significant fees and possibly negative interest). They almost
         | certainly don't make significant profit from the practice.
         | 
         | What you are describing does happen, but it's not banks that do
         | it, it's money market funds.
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | > invest in much lower risk investments like money market
           | funds and high quality commercial paper, which tends to have
           | very low returns
           | 
           | As I wrote in the other comment: Coinbase says the tens of
           | billions of USD backing their USDC are in short term US
           | treasuries. ATM the return on these is 4.7% yearly? 4.7%
           | yearly they pocket on _more than $50 billions_. Without
           | giving the returns back to the USDC holders (as far as I know
           | people keeping USDCs in their own private wallets do not get
           | any yeld).
           | 
           | Or is Coinbase not actually putting these tens of billions in
           | short term US treasuries (which mean they'd be lying)?
           | 
           | Or am I misunderstanding what's the yearly return on these
           | short term US treasuries?
        
             | dmoy wrote:
             | The return on US treasuries is usually lower than
             | inflation. You lose real money by keeping only US
             | treasuries. It could maybe be done with TIPS, but that
             | would be a little tricky to accomplish.
             | 
             | For example a couple years ago, 1 year treasuries had a ~0%
             | rate.
        
               | 0x53 wrote:
               | Yes, but it doesn't matter if the money you are losing to
               | inflation is being lent to you for free. Although
               | coinbase does pay a small percentage to usdc holders on
               | their exchange I think it is one of the ways to convince
               | people to switch away from tether.
        
               | JackMcMack wrote:
               | Inflation is irrelevant if your stable coin is pegged to
               | the currency that is inflating.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | Just to expand on the comments made by other places: The
               | _holders_ of Tether lose money (effectively) due to
               | inflation. The owners of Tether the corporation (Binance)
               | can collect the interest, which is cash money. Billions
               | is billions.
               | 
               | They only have to repay the _face value_ of the deposited
               | cash. Yes, the real purchasing power goes down over time,
               | but that 's not their problem!
        
             | hbrn wrote:
             | > 4.7% yearly they pocket on more than $50 billions.
             | Without giving the returns back to the USDC holders (as far
             | as I know people keeping USDCs in their own private wallets
             | do not get any yeld).
             | 
             | They do if your USDC is in Coinbase account.
             | 
             | https://www.coinbase.com/blog/coinbase-customers-around-
             | the-...
             | 
             | Of course you won't get any yields on private wallets, how
             | would that even work?
        
         | TacticalCoder wrote:
         | > What exactly is hard about running a fiat backed stablecoin?
         | Don't you just accept money for your token and invest it in low
         | risk crap?
         | 
         | That's what Centre (Circle+Coinbase) is doing. They're emitting
         | USDC and publish the individual identification numbers of every
         | single short term US treasury (and the bank at which they're
         | held) they buy with actual USD from customers. I don't know,
         | from their terms of services, what happens with the
         | returns/yeld on these treasuries.
         | 
         | For now that interest rates went up suddenly Centre is getting
         | several percent on tens of billions (!) yearly. They're
         | certainly not distributing the yeld to each individual address
         | owning USDC.
         | 
         | So it looks like Centre may be a _very_ profitable company by
         | now.
         | 
         | But tether's case is believed to be different: many believe
         | they never had anywhere near the amount of real USD backing the
         | USDT they emitted and that they emitted USDT mostly out of
         | their arse, tens of billions of them, and used these to pump
         | the price of BTC (and of the whole ecosystem).
        
         | lkrubner wrote:
         | "got greedy and made high risk investments? Can't Google or
         | some company just make their own stablecoin"
         | 
         | Interesting that you contrast "greedy" with "Google". Why would
         | Google want to ruin its own profits by investing in what you
         | call "low risk crap"?
         | 
         | The problem with "low risk crap" is that it pays low interests.
         | If Google were to invest in "low risk crap" then that would
         | drive down Google's margins and profits. This is the opposite
         | of what investors in Google want.
         | 
         | If Google could make large profits running a stablecoin, then
         | they already would have set it up.
        
         | elif wrote:
         | tether, at no point in its history, has pretended to claim a
         | 1:1 ratio of tether to actual dollars received or in reserve.
         | They regularly mint huge chunks of coin and give them to
         | exchanges under legal agreements that have nothing to do with
         | cash transfers.
        
           | suggestion wrote:
           | This is plainly false. You can use any search engine and cap
           | the date at 2020 and search tether fully backed.
           | 
           | https://duckduckgo.com/?q=tether+fully+backed&t=fpas&df=2015.
           | ..
        
             | jiggawatts wrote:
             | "Tether says" is the crypto equivalent of "Putin says".
             | 
             | Nobody believes them, especially since the company lied
             | repeatedly in the past. They lied about the co-ownership by
             | Binance, they lied about printing money out of thin air,
             | they lied about getting a proper audit, and all but a few
             | of the founders are fraudsters with a history of lying.
        
           | Marazan wrote:
           | What the actual fuck are toy talking about?
           | 
           | Yes they did. They claimed every Tether was 1:1 backed by US
           | Dollars.
           | 
           | Not assets with equivalent dollar value but full on actual
           | dollars.
           | 
           | They kept doing so until they lie was fully exposed. Then
           | they changed their story.
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | > What exactly is hard about running a fiat backed stablecoin?
         | 
         | That probably isn't what Tether is doing. They're likely
         | running a crypto-loan backed stablecoin pegged to the dollar.
         | 
         | A fiat backed stablecoin is a bit useless since it just looks
         | like bank deposits and withdrawals. Lending USDT against crypto
         | collateral is both what they've explicitly stated that they're
         | doing and it makes them look a bit more like a central bank
         | (and the issuance of Tether tends to fuel trading bots that
         | push the price of crypto up which leads to more issuance of
         | Tether in a nice positive-feedback loop in a way that should
         | make any student of supply and demand perfectly happy).
         | 
         | They've named their crypto-collateralized loans "Commercial
         | Paper" which has been a huge success and managed to get
         | literally everyone searching and speculating about what kinds
         | of CP they've been buying up in the real world, when the real
         | answer is pretty much none--creating a great distraction.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | actinium226 wrote:
       | I, for one, think I'll get in on this trade with some play money
       | just because this seems like a nice way to learn about smart
       | contracts and defi and _maybe_ get paid to do so.
        
         | spaceman_2020 wrote:
         | Borrowing and lending requires a lot of transactions. Make sure
         | to do it on a cheaper blockchain (NOT Ethereum) otherwise
         | you'll end up paying a ton of money in fees.
         | 
         | I would recommend Polygon (Matic) or AVAX since they're much
         | cheaper than Ethereum and have decent liquidity on AAVE.
        
         | c7b wrote:
         | Just make sure that you know whether/how you need to report
         | this in your taxes.
        
       | ptero wrote:
       | I admit that I only skimmed the article, but the first thing that
       | jumps at me is counterparty risk; the same risk the author is
       | trying to avoid in his rejected "just short Tether" option. The
       | proposal seems to put a bunch of crypto exchanges in the
       | transaction path which, thinks me, can bring trouble* should the
       | Tether collapse the way FTX did.
       | 
       | More generally, while Tether may be a house of cards that will
       | eventually collapse, placing a bet on it has actual costs. And
       | "the market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent"
       | is an adage worth remembering. My 2c.
       | 
       | *either directly, by failing to deliver the winnings should the
       | trade go the authors way; or indirectly, via clawbacks when
       | govvies and lawyers go after those who made profits to
       | (minimally) compensate those who was left holding the bag.
        
         | dktp wrote:
         | Act III describes this risk and Act IV addresses how they dealt
         | with it
        
           | ptero wrote:
           | I think Act IV describes _shifting it_ to a different defi
           | counterparty, which might carry lower counterparty risk. Or
           | not.
        
       | arisAlexis wrote:
       | Please refrain from doing what OP is proposing for your pocket's
       | sake
        
       | pearjuice wrote:
       | Lots of people have been saying Tether is a fraud for years now.
       | Even some very smart and highly regarded people; patio11 comes to
       | mind. Yet in all those years, Tether had no major depegging
       | event, bankrun or any other noteworthy chain reaction whilst big
       | frauds unwinded, hacks happened and over-collaterized bubbles
       | popped. I'm not saying Tether isn't a fraud, but I feel the
       | chance it falling as an unbacked stable coin is long gone. More
       | likely they will end up OFAC sanctioned (such as happened with
       | tornado cash) for roleplaying as the federal reserve.
        
       | getToTheChopin wrote:
       | It's a clever trade, and I appreciate that the author pointed out
       | the main drawback:
       | 
       | > What does that mean? Essentially that we're exposed to the risk
       | of something going wrong with Aave itself and not being able to
       | get our money back. (Aave's own explanation of its risks is
       | here.) In order to withdraw our money from Aave, Aave actually
       | needs to have the money we want to withdraw. When we deposited
       | USDC collateral on Aave, Aave lends out that USDC to other users
       | who deposit their own collateral on Aave. At the time of this
       | writing, about 53% of Aave's USDC is lent out.
       | 
       | Author states that they only have "a couple hundred dollars"
       | risked on this trade. Seems that they're just looking to win
       | Internet points by being able to say that they shorted Tether.
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | Yeah I was going to say these are ridiculously small numbers to
         | try the bet with -- each of those transactions mentioned was
         | around $3 worth of ETH, which adds up fast. I wouldn't try
         | something like this for less than $5k.
        
         | yborg wrote:
         | The author's Internet point is that they think Tether is bust
         | and why big money is not shorting it (you can't find a
         | counterparty to make a big trade with that is any less dodgy
         | than Tether itself). They then describe a mechanism for making
         | the trade in which the counterparty is a DeFi protocol that is,
         | of course, just as dodgy as Tether itself.
         | 
         | The whole ecosystem currently remains a giant confidence game,
         | as Matt Levine described well in a recent article. This doesn't
         | mean there isn't a lot of money to be made - casinos make a lot
         | of money at an activity with no direct economic value - but
         | right now you are best served only putting in money you can
         | easily lose.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | _Some_ of the crypto platforms are scam[1], but no one
           | seriously claims Aave Or Compound, the defi borrowing
           | platforms you can do this with, are scams. There is, of
           | course, always the risk of unforeseen bugs that prevent
           | withdrawls, or crashes that happen so fast the collateral can
           | 't be liquidated in time. But that's different from saying
           | that Aave or Compound are themselves "confidence games" that
           | can't be expected to pay you back when you're right.
           | 
           | I know for my part, I made non-trivial money on Compound
           | shorting MKR, LINK, and UNI (the Uniswap token) with BTC/ETH
           | as collateral.
           | 
           | [1] Whether you replace "scam" with "confidence game" is
           | irrelevant to this point.
        
             | ivalm wrote:
             | I think the claim is that usdt crash will be highly
             | correlated with all other crypto going to zero, so _any_
             | crypto collaterized counterparty will fail. Ability to
             | payout USDT short relies on confidence in other crypto.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | I got that part. But the claim here would be that _your
               | USDC collateral_ would go to zero. Yes, USDC is  "a
               | crypto" and if you lump it in with all crypto, you will
               | casually think it will magically go to zero too, despite
               | being backed with non-crypto assets and a level of
               | conventional oversight from the financial markets.
               | 
               | Or is the whole idea that it's somehow deeply insightful
               | to not make this distinction?
        
               | ivalm wrote:
               | You're right that if the short is entirely usdc
               | collaterized. But reading the blog:
               | 
               | > Still, just over half the collateral on Aave is ETH or
               | stETH, and another 13% is wBTC. Aave's designed to
               | liquidate positions before the become under-
               | collateralized. Let's hope that happens fast enough if
               | Tether depegs.
               | 
               | That sounds like you still have counterparty risk with
               | regular crypto going to 0 due to pool liquidation (your
               | collateral is not custodially held, but is in a pool).
        
             | grey-area wrote:
             | They didn't say scam but confidence game.
             | 
             | If confidence collapses, tether will collapse and the rest
             | of these 'defi' platforms will turn out not to be as
             | decentralised as they thought, as they also depend on the
             | confidence game.
        
           | Aperocky wrote:
           | Big money is not shorting it because there's no way to short
           | it at scale.
           | 
           | There are no broker that will survive to close the short, and
           | you need a broker to short.
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | USDT is super interesting since it doesn't behave like a
             | normal market priced asset. You know it won't ever go up in
             | value, and you know that if it goes down, it goes down to 0
             | VERY QUICKLY, with maybe a chance of a claim against
             | unverified assets that might pay out after years of
             | litigation.
        
               | alienalp wrote:
               | In past USDT depeg to around 0.9$ for short time. This is
               | very unlikely to be the case since even if they are
               | insolvent they have a reserve. You probably think that
               | way because of LUNA crash which was backed by almost
               | nothing. For example in defi stablecoins with issues do
               | not depeg to zero or anywhere close to zero if they are
               | still backed to some extent.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | Our opinions differ in that you trust Tether's reserve. I
               | don't.
               | 
               | It has been more than 5 years since they were audited. By
               | their own admission, they have 10 billion of their 66
               | billion dollars in unsecured loans and "other
               | investments".
               | 
               | An org whose entire raison d' etre is to hold money
               | should be pretty open to outside audits. It should
               | actually be a pretty easy audit.
               | 
               | Why have they been foot-dragging so long?
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | That's the same thing GP is saying - nobody reliable, not
             | 'in the game', wants to take the other side of the trade.
             | 
             | (Presumably there is a price at which they do, but also at
             | which nobody's remained interested.)
        
               | Aperocky wrote:
               | want vs reality. In fact, I would want to bet against
               | USDT with a reasonable proportion of my savings, but
               | there are no safe way to ensure such a contract will be
               | honored in the case that it actually went to 0.
        
           | nico wrote:
           | > The whole ecosystem currently remains a giant confidence
           | game
           | 
           | Money is also a giant confidence game. Any human system is
           | that. It's all made up.
        
             | omgsean wrote:
             | Money largely gains its value from its ability to be used
             | to pay taxes. If there is someone who controls land and an
             | army and says "this is valuable and you have to pay a
             | certain amount to me at certain intervals" then it is
             | valuable, at least within that political configuration.
        
               | G3rn0ti wrote:
               | > Money largely gains its value from its ability to be
               | used to pay taxes.
               | 
               | Even for contemporary fiat currencies today this is
               | neither historically nor theoretically true. Currencies
               | gain their value largely from being convenient in
               | settling trades and being a measure of value when
               | calculating costs, risks and profits. Ultimately, it does
               | not really matter what this money is based on e.g. gold,
               | paper or digital information.
               | 
               | For anybody interested in this perspective and in a more
               | general criticism of fiat money I strongly recommend
               | reading "Ethics of Money Production" by Jorg Guido
               | Hulsmann. (1)
               | 
               | (1) https://books.google.de/books/about/Ethics_of_Money_P
               | roducti...
        
             | TheRealPomax wrote:
             | ...and... where were you going with that?
             | 
             | Just because we made something up doesn't mean there aren't
             | different levels of stability for that made up model, or
             | different levels of real world results from acting on those
             | models.
        
         | actionablefiber wrote:
         | Funny how the only entities that let you short Tether are the
         | ones that will go bust and won't be able to pay you back if
         | you're right.
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | Isn't it nice that one of the main dangers to your stable
           | coin doesn't exist because shorting it is not profitable
           | enough for the risk?
        
             | toss1 wrote:
             | You want to imply that the short is unprofitable because
             | the asset is so good that it'll never decline in value.
             | 
             | That is the exact opposite of the reality (and misses the
             | entire point of the article).
             | 
             | The point is that shorting tether is likely to be
             | enormously profitable, but you won't be able to collect
             | your profits
             | 
             | This is because no well capitalized and stable broker or
             | exchange will touch Tether, and the only counterparties who
             | might lend you the Tether to short are extremely likely to
             | go bankrupt when Tether does collapse.
             | 
             | So, you'll put your millions of dollars at risk on deposit,
             | pay your interest, and end up with a $100 million or
             | whatever profit, owed to you by a now-bankrupt exchange, so
             | your profit will never arrive at your bank account, and
             | your best case is suing the husk of a bankrupt exchange
             | whose shady owners absconded to a non-extradition country.
             | 
             | The trade is bad because only disreputable and
             | insufficiently capitalized counter-parties will touch it,
             | not because Tether is great in any way.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | > You want to imply that the short is unprofitable
               | because the asset is so good that it'll never decline in
               | value.
               | 
               | Absolutely not. I think tether is garbage that benefits
               | almost noone except its creators.
               | 
               | I'm just amused by the fact that stability of a bad thing
               | is increased because betting against it is worse than for
               | it.
               | 
               | > The point is that shorting tether is likely to be
               | enormously profitable, but you won't be able to collect
               | your profits.
               | 
               | Hence not profitable at all. :-)
               | 
               | Betting for it is risky, betting against it is risky.
               | Maybe that's a huge part of its stability? Like stability
               | on the edge of the knife held over lava pit. Nobody
               | benefits from going to either side despite equilibrium
               | being uncomfortable?
        
               | grey-area wrote:
               | No it's stable because they're lying about what it is
               | backed by. It's easy to make a scam look superficially
               | stable if you are not called on it or make it impossible
               | to call you on your promises.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | They have 66bn, of actual money that people paid for
               | tether, in circulation. It won't be that easy to bring it
               | down.
               | 
               | Also the question is, do people really want to call them
               | on their promises. That's another thing noone would
               | benefit from.
        
               | rippercushions wrote:
               | It's exceedingly unlikely that Tether has anything close
               | to 66B of "real money" backing it.
               | 
               | The most likely theory at this point is that most of it
               | is FTX-style IOUs from other crypto companies marked at
               | absurd pre -crypto winter valuations, which will collapse
               | like a house of cards the instant they are touched or
               | even exposed to light.
        
           | rhaway84773 wrote:
           | What this post does more than anything (and I think that is
           | the goal) is illustrates that for all the crypto bluster,
           | it's currently a terrible financial system that has all sorts
           | of massive risks that are not just hypothetical but have
           | already been realized.
        
           | sebzim4500 wrote:
           | Exchanges typically back client USDT/USDC assets partially
           | with USD and partially with fixed interest products. If USDT
           | goes to zero some of the big exchanges will make billions.
           | These are your counterparties when you short USDT vs USD.
        
           | dmurray wrote:
           | This isn't really true and the guy saying "If someone showed
           | me a way to do it with Goldman Sachs as a counterparty, I'm
           | in" is also misstating things, perhaps intentionally.
           | 
           | I'll take the long side of the Tether bet for 30% a year
           | (I'll buy one-year Tether forwards at 70c).
           | 
           | I'm not as creditworthy as Goldman, but for small amounts,
           | it's pretty close. I could collateralize the trade with my
           | house, and in any case I don't have the kind of correlated
           | portfolio that means if Tether goes bust, I can't pay you.
           | But enough about me - some trader at Goldman will absolutely
           | do the same deal! Maybe they can even do it for 72c.
           | 
           | There is a market-clearing price for this trade if done
           | between two creditworthy parties. I don't know what that
           | price is because there isn't a big public market for it, but
           | if you shop the trade around, you'll find a price.
           | 
           | The people bemoaning they can't short Tether mean they can't
           | short it _at what looks like it should be the right price_ ,
           | say, paying 5% a year to borrow it. But that's not the right
           | price! That's the price that already includes you taking a
           | lot of wrong-way counterparty risk. Against Goldman, the
           | price is 20% or 30% or something, and you can do the trade,
           | but you don't want to.
           | 
           | So the fair price of one-year Tether forwards is 75c or
           | whatever, but the spot price is clearly $1.00. How do you
           | reconcile this in financial markets terms, that the prices
           | don't converge? Same reason other commodity futures might
           | have backwardation - holding Tether provides some value to
           | its owners. Like having steel today allows you to build a
           | skyscraper and start collecting rent, so spot steel trades
           | higher than future steel if the construction business is
           | good. In Tether's case, that value is the freedom to
           | participate in other crypto trades, or perhaps to escape even
           | riskier assets in China, or something else.
        
             | Nowado wrote:
             | There's also a scale issue. If a product is not
             | standardized, that Goldman trader isn't going to work with
             | 'a couple hundred dollars' mentioned in the piece.
        
           | drexlspivey wrote:
           | When you are shorting something you _receive_ money and you
           | are the one that needs to pay back not them.
        
       | darawk wrote:
       | All the people mindlessly saying "counterparty risk" clearly
       | didn't read the article. He has thought about this carefully. His
       | counterparty in this case is Aave, a DeFi smart contract. Smart
       | contracts famously get hacked frequently, of course, but Aave has
       | been around a long time, and it's probably reasonable to be
       | somewhat confident in its security, at this point.
       | 
       | The second thing you have to worry about is Aave's liquidation
       | mechanism: under the market conditions implied by a Tether
       | collapse, will Aave's liquidation mechanisms function efficiently
       | and effectively? The answer to that question would depend on
       | exactly how the collapse unfolded (i.e. how quickly it was
       | certain, the degree of insolvency, how much the market moved how
       | fast, etc). _However_ , it is important to note that the only
       | thing at risk here for him is the profit from his short plus the
       | collateral factor haircut, not the entire principal. The trade he
       | did was to deposit $x usdc on Aave, borrow $y usdt, and then sell
       | that usdt back to usdc. That means he physically has CF *
       | principal USDC in his possession, and no matter what happens,
       | Aave can't take that away from him. Now, he looped this twice, so
       | it's actually CF^2 * USDC that he has, but that's still not that
       | big a risk.
       | 
       | Finally, he has to worry about the solvency of USDC. However,
       | USDC is regulated in the US and has fairly real audits. Almost
       | nobody seriously thinks USDC is insolvent. I think there is very
       | little to worry about here.
       | 
       | Personally, I think Tether is pretty obviously at least mostly
       | solvent, and I think shorting it is a dumb trade that will lose
       | him money. But he's going to lose money paying the interest, not
       | losing his principal. People have been predicting a Tether
       | collapse for literally years now, and despite all the market
       | stress and volatility which should have clearly exposed their
       | supposed fraud, they're still standing, and the peg trades with
       | solid liquidity at $1 today.
       | 
       | My own theory of what's actually going on here is that Tether is
       | intentionally obtuse, because it allows them to make seignorage
       | profits against their own users. If you issue a stablecoin and
       | you know you are solvent, then you can hint to the market that
       | maybe you're not, and buy (your own) assets that you know are
       | worth $1 at a discount, making a tidy profit in the process. I
       | think this is their real strategy, always has been, and they've
       | gotten very rich doing it. It's possible they've been under-
       | collateralized at various times, and maybe are even slightly so
       | now, but I seriously doubt they are currently insolvent to the
       | degree people like this think.
        
         | mypastself wrote:
         | Provided USDC is indeed fully solvent and remains pegged, a run
         | on USDT might even strengthen its position through an influx of
         | new customers. However, if the USDT failure causes the crypto
         | cataclysm some are anticipating, couldn't Coinbase be exposed
         | to such an extent that the company becomes insolvent?
        
           | darawk wrote:
           | Even in the event that Coinbase became insolvent,
           | theoretically that shouldn't impact USDC. USDC has entirely
           | separate reserves that are in short term debt instruments
           | (i.e. T-bills) and cash equivalents, uncorrelated to the
           | crypto ecosystem, and very safe.
           | 
           | Even if the parent company of USDC (which is actually Circle,
           | not Coinbase) were to become insolvent, that theoretically
           | doesn't impact USDC at all, other than maybe USDC would have
           | to wind down operations, and then people would just redeem
           | for USD.
           | 
           | The only scenario where USDC holders would be in trouble is
           | if Circle violated their agreements and started making unsafe
           | self-dealing investments with the USDC deposited funds. That
           | is something that theoretically could happen, but since the
           | operators are in the US, they would certainly go to prison
           | for it. And we have reasonably reliable audits that state
           | clearly that, at least so far, this has not happened.
        
         | foobarqux wrote:
         | > I think Tether is pretty obviously at least mostly solvent.
         | 
         | 95% solvent at a bank-like entity (where you are supposed to be
         | able to redeem at par) is a bank run.
         | 
         | > My own theory of what's actually going on here is that Tether
         | is intentionally obtuse
         | 
         | They have been proven to have committed fraud and lied in the
         | past (NY settlement). They have an incredible number of red
         | flags, including management that has committed fraud in
         | previous companies, refusing basic transparency and a shadowy
         | executive team (e.g. refusal to identify CIO, CEO has basically
         | never spoken publicly). I don't know of any organization in
         | history of anywhere near this size that has had as many red
         | flags. 100% guarantee that they have participated in major
         | wrong doing beyond the NY settlement. Organizations on the up
         | and up have no reason to act the way they do. Your theory that
         | a bank-like entity would pretend to be insolvent is
         | implausible: the main thing a bank depends on is its solvency,
         | it's too 4-d chess to think you can somehow manage to persuade
         | the market that you are a little-bit insolvent.
         | 
         | That said, as the article points out, making money on this
         | apparent wrong-doing is more difficult for a number of reasons.
         | One of which not mentioned in the article is that they may have
         | done some fraud that doesn't affect the value of tethers. For
         | example, they were undercollateralized for a time but now
         | higher interest rates have made them whole. Or they are
         | laundering money but are fully collateralized (though I would
         | expect a money laundering charge to tank the value of tether
         | also).
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | > If you issue a stablecoin and you know you are solvent, then
         | you can hint to the market that maybe you're not, and buy (your
         | own) assets that you know are worth $1 at a discount, making a
         | tidy profit in the process
         | 
         | This doesn't seem like a particularly great strategy, compared
         | with the alternative of running a stablecoin and exchange that
         | _doesn 't_ look dodgy (or indeed an actual fraud which is at
         | least insanely lucrative). Don't think earning the spread on
         | deviations from the peg (which Tether-believers compete with
         | you for) is really all that great compared with the returns
         | from having a lot more trusting customers paying a lot more in
         | fees to use your exchange and the returns from safely investing
         | a lot more USD given to you in exchange for Tether. And that's
         | before taking into account the downsides of running something
         | that _looks_ like a criminal operation, like dealing with
         | investigators
        
           | darawk wrote:
           | > This doesn't seem like a particularly great strategy,
           | compared with the alternative of running a stablecoin and
           | exchange that doesn't look dodgy (or indeed an actual fraud
           | which is at least insanely lucrative).
           | 
           | It is very much _not_ insanely lucrative to run a normal
           | stablecoin business. At least, not until very recently. Cash
           | equivalent yields have been extremely low for the past
           | decade, until the last year. USDC 's net income numbers are
           | public, and they suck.
        
             | notahacker wrote:
             | That's why I said that running a full blown fraud was
             | insanely lucrative, not the normal stablecoin business.
             | 
             | I can't see why earnings from buying the dip on USDT would
             | be _more_ impressive than the cash equivalent yields and
             | exchange fees they 're forgoing by looking dodgy though,
             | never mind lucrative enough to take on the substantially
             | increased regulator hassle and risks of liquidity crunches,
             | cash asset freezes or even jail time associated with
             | looking like a scam.
        
         | hiq wrote:
         | > My own theory of what's actually going on here is that Tether
         | is intentionally obtuse, because it allows them to make
         | seignorage profits against their own users.
         | 
         | From https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-14/hedge-
         | fun...:
         | 
         | > Tether concealed the loss of more than $850 million of
         | reserves to a Panamanian entity called Crypto Capital Corp. as
         | recently as 2018, the New York Attorney General found. In a
         | separate case, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission found
         | Tether didn't have enough fiat reserves to back circulating
         | tokens more than two-thirds of the time, in a period between
         | 2016 and 2018.
         | 
         | so it's more than just being obtuse.
         | 
         | I don't think they're playing with the trust of their own
         | stablecoin to get cheap USDT, it'd be better for them to be
         | more trustworthy and have more USD to invest in safe
         | investments with low interests, but they're probably losing
         | some market share to more trustworthy (US-based) stablecoins
         | because of how shady they look.
        
           | darawk wrote:
           | > I don't think they're playing with the trust of their own
           | stablecoin to get cheap USDT, it'd be better for them to be
           | more trustworthy and have more USD to invest in safe
           | investments with low interests, but they're probably losing
           | some market share to more trustworthy (US-based) stablecoins
           | because of how shady they look.
           | 
           | I think as of today that is a true statement, because yields
           | on safe investments are now so high. But for the last decade
           | I think it has been quite false. If Tether had only been
           | investing in treasuries and had no other revenue strategy for
           | the past 10 years, their profits would not be nearly as high
           | as if they had pursued the strategy I suggested. And
           | remember, for many years they were literally the only game in
           | town, they had no competition to worry about.
        
       | 0x53 wrote:
       | Currently you can get a variable rate of around 3% on compound
       | finance. https://v2-app.compound.finance/ might be a cheaper way
       | to do this.
        
       | paulusthe wrote:
       | You don't have to short tether specifically. If tether goes
       | under, everything will go under. Just short whatever large ish
       | coin which has cheapish carrying costs.
        
         | itake wrote:
         | The difference though is tether can only go down and when it
         | does it goes to zero. If you short a large ish coin you're
         | exposed to value increases and the unlikely hood of the count
         | going to zero
        
       | low_tech_love wrote:
       | "Tether's large enough by now, and significant enough to the
       | crypto ecosystem, that crypto's major players will likely do just
       | about anything they can to stop it from failing." Where have I
       | heard that before...
        
       | nickpinkston wrote:
       | Note that the current Tether investigation just moved to the SDNY
       | DOJ office that handles the biggest financial cases.
       | 
       | This time they're looking into possible bank fraud committed by
       | Tether [1], while their previous case was settled without
       | admitting wrongdoing [2], but their investigation showed Tether
       | wasn't fully backed for activities in NY, while their records of
       | their backed assets have been sealed and CoinDesk / others were
       | denied their FOIA request to access them due to "adverse business
       | impact" - so it seems like there's a whole hell of lot of smoke
       | around their likely fire...
       | 
       | From [2]: "Meanwhile, Tether has resolved government accusations
       | that it overstated its holdings. From June to September 2017,
       | Tether never had more than $61.5 million in funds while about 442
       | million coins were in circulation, the Commodity Futures Trading
       | Commission said last year."
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-31/tether-
       | ba...
       | 
       | [2] https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2021/attorney-general-
       | james-...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | faangiq wrote:
       | Good luck cashing out that USDC broski ...
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | Tether is 100.38% backed by assets. This means they can always
       | trade Tether for USD. About 80% of their assets are liquid
       | meaning that Tether's supply can shrink by up to 80% and they can
       | still pay out within a couple of days.
        
       | britneybitch wrote:
       | Even if your premise is right, your timing has to be right too.
       | The SP500 has doubled since 2014 which lines up with the
       | traditional 7% per year. Meanwhile they're paying 12% per year to
       | short, so their approach is a compounded 22% worse[1] than VTSAX-
       | and-chill (before even considering capital risk). This is still
       | gambling, just not in the usual direction.
       | 
       | [1]: 1.07/(1-0.12) = 1.22
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | Sure but the author put less than $250 into this scheme and is
         | not viewing it as an investment.
        
           | arisAlexis wrote:
           | Yes it's a click bait exactly. Projects like a smart trade
           | but not really since even OP thinks it isn't. Weird.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | It is not click bait. It's a thoughtful discussion of the
             | challenges of shorting Tether, and a personal anecdote
             | about attempting to overcome those difficulties.
        
               | arisAlexis wrote:
               | It is a click bait because the articles goes: Shorting
               | Tether is a great idea and ends with ah actually it's not
               | a good idea , expensive so I put 200 eur in something
               | with extreme risk to short it. Yes, it is click bait
        
         | aardvarkr wrote:
         | I agree with your premise but the s&p isn't going up by 7%
         | right now and the author is just taking a calculated risk.
         | That's his business. If he thinks Tether is going to collapse
         | then he'll make a massive return on his investment.
         | 
         | He's essentially gambling $46/yr to get a $450 payout if Tether
         | collapses.
        
           | edmundsauto wrote:
           | The most important line in finance is "Past performance is no
           | guarantee of future results". This is generally treated as a
           | warning label: Don't assume an investment will continue to do
           | well in the future simply because it's done well in the past.
           | 
           | However, what it really means is that nobody can predict
           | future performance, even with historical data. I think it's
           | negativity bias that this phrase is used to apply to
           | downside; it should also be used when considering upside.
           | (The reason, I think, is many people prefer to miss out on
           | upside rather than experience downside, ie we are risk-
           | averse.)
           | 
           | Over some future time frame, the S&P will go up again. It
           | doesn't feel like that will be soon, but as I always admit to
           | myself: I am really bad at predicting the future.
        
           | arisAlexis wrote:
           | If Tether collapses Aave will collapse too, the plan is
           | hilariously defective
        
             | seviu wrote:
             | Aave as a token might collapse but Aave is a protocol, and
             | it will continue working as designed. When Ethereum
             | collapsed to sub 900$ we could all see how robust these
             | decentralized protocols are. The price of the token has
             | nothing to do with how Aave works.
        
               | arisAlexis wrote:
               | I am talking about the protocol. They are untested
               | protocols with potential design flaws or potential hacks.
               | We have seen these happening for tens of billions of
               | losses for years now. Waiting for something to collapse
               | in something that can collapse is total irrationality.
        
           | OscarCunningham wrote:
           | > s&p isn't going up by 7% right now
           | 
           | It always sounds weird to me when someone uses the present
           | continuous tense to refer to the rate of change of stock
           | prices. Like, how are you taking the one-sided derivative of
           | a fractal?
        
             | tedunangst wrote:
             | Pick a shorter timeframe like one month, calculate
             | annualized rate.
        
               | mgaunard wrote:
               | That's a bad idea, since equities have a lot of calendar
               | events and a given month is never representative of a
               | year's performance.
        
               | OscarCunningham wrote:
               | Then you'd say 'the S&P hasn't been going up at 7%
               | recently'.
        
               | tedunangst wrote:
               | The pedantry hasn't been making you a more effective
               | communicator recently.
        
               | TheRealPomax wrote:
               | Welcome to finance: if you're not being pedantic, you're
               | probably trying to sell a lie. Verb tense absolutely
               | matters.
        
               | tedunangst wrote:
               | Does anybody here believe aardvarkr was trying to sell a
               | lie with their casual verb tense?
        
               | bagacrap wrote:
               | pick 3 months and try it.
        
           | bagacrap wrote:
           | Since October 12 it has been going up at an annualized ~30%
           | rate.
           | 
           | Where it goes next is anybody's guess.
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | > massive return
           | 
           | Just around 100%. That's not massive for crypto gambling.
           | 
           | You could just buy BTC and have 600% in less than 3 years if
           | only BTC won't break out of its 12 year trend.
           | 
           | And that's a very conservative gamble.
        
             | eli wrote:
             | Not if you believe BTC is wildly overvalued. I personally
             | don't think it sets a new record high, ever, and is mostly
             | down from here
        
               | swyx wrote:
               | look i'm as skeptical as the next HN'er but the evidence
               | of past history is against you and "ever" is a very long
               | time...
               | 
               | BTC doesn't have to win mass adoption for it to set new
               | highs, it just has to be the "store of value" (i know, i
               | know) for enough people and for the next QE cycle to
               | start in 3 years to get going again
        
               | eli wrote:
               | Instead of price history look at utility history: It's
               | never been anything other than a speculative asset or a
               | temporary medium of exchange for criminals. There's no
               | future here.
               | 
               | Future returns on BTC cannot be compared to the S&P!
        
               | broast wrote:
               | Is there currently new and previously not knowable
               | information regarding its utility compared to when the
               | price was going up?
        
               | eli wrote:
               | No, it's never been particularly useful.
               | 
               | Do you believe a popular pyramid scheme has demonstrated
               | utility? If a pyramid scheme made people a lot of money
               | in the past does that suggest it has long term value?
        
               | broast wrote:
               | People similarly argue that stocks are a pyramid scheme
               | but that doesn't stop them from existing.
        
               | wmf wrote:
               | Gold is also speculative and it's much larger than BTC. I
               | hate crypto but $100K BTC is completely possible.
        
               | eli wrote:
               | Anything's possible but gold is useful and has intrinsic
               | value. Bitcoin isn't very similar. I don't think one
               | implies anything about the other.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | So you don't believe that scarcity can capture and hold
               | any value? Only utility can do that?
        
               | ma3gl1n wrote:
               | There is a finite amount of BTC, but infinite amount of
               | cryptocoins
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | True, however none of them became actual competition for
               | bitcoin. Not even ETH which is strong number 2.
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | Isn't scarcity relative to demand? I mean each cubic
               | meter of soil is globally unique, but no one cares. And,
               | in the long term, demand plausibly has a relation to
               | utility?
               | 
               | I do speculate that part of the appeal of a non-
               | loan/investment based store of value to very rich people
               | is that hey wish they could keep all their wealth in a
               | vehicle that didn't involve investing in the overall good
               | of society, but that is a childish wish - wealth is
               | inextricably linked with the prosperity of the society in
               | which it is enmeshed. A billionaire in a society ravaged
               | by disease, hunger, and conflict, shorn of the comforts
               | of science and technology, will be poorer by far, in
               | terms of objective measures, than a billionaire in a
               | society where the people are educated and science and
               | medicine are widely available, especially over he
               | generations.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | It's related to the demand. That's why unique things
               | might not be scarce especially when there's a lot similar
               | things.
               | 
               | That's why NFTs are not scarce even though they are
               | unique.
               | 
               | Personally I would also wish that billionaires kept their
               | wealth in things unrelated to the real world. Because
               | when they put it in the real world they hike up the price
               | for everybody by creating illusion of demand that really
               | isn't there because they won't use what they bought.
        
               | this_user wrote:
               | This because something is scarce, doesn't make it
               | valuable. Claims to the contrary are just another example
               | of crypto bros not understanding economics or human
               | behaviour. Otherwise, a whole bunch of people with boxes
               | of Beaning Babies would be rich by now.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | Were beanie babies truely scarce? The way Rambrant
               | paintings are?
        
               | the_gastropod wrote:
               | I've got some fresh toenail clippings you may be
               | interested in! I only clip my toenails about twice a
               | month, and probably will cease production entirely within
               | 45 years.
        
               | anonymouskimmer wrote:
               | There are a limited number of pure collectors, or even
               | FOMO collectors. And much of this collection value comes
               | about through increasing limitation of an item(1), along
               | with a population increase (making more collectors)(2),
               | and increasing wealth of current collectors used to bid
               | up the price on collectibles (wealth increase through
               | means other than their collection, obviously).(3)
               | 
               | (1) - If you buy bitcoin now you might be part of
               | increasing the price of a bitcoin by increasing its
               | rarity through the means of losing your private keys. But
               | this doesn't benefit you.
               | 
               | (2) - We're reaching the point where our carrying
               | capacity is starting to hit limits. Maybe in a few
               | hundred years we'll have space colonies to keep
               | increasing the population, but: 1) This won't benefit
               | you, as you probably won't be around then; 2) There will
               | be other collectibles that the then population may be
               | more interested in. It is the case that certain
               | collectibles are incredibly rare (single digit numbers),
               | but also cost less then $10k, simply because there are
               | not that many interested collectors.
               | 
               | (3) - If you sink most of your investments into crypto
               | this limits the ability of your wealth to grow outside of
               | your collection.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | NicoJuicy wrote:
               | Evidence of history?
               | 
               | It took COVID to get Bitcoin back up. That's it
               | 
               | Not history, just a rare event.
               | 
               | No one cares about Bitcoin anymore.
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | You seem to have forgotten the other... IIRC 3 (?) times
               | it has gotten back up ?
               | 
               | (But feel free to short bitcoin of course - not the kind
               | of risk I would take.)
        
               | marvin wrote:
               | Your tulip futures from 1637 would still be out of the
               | money, even though global tulip consumption is much, much
               | higher and the Netherlands is the world's leading
               | supplier.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | BTC hasn't been around long enough for it to have a past
               | history to be evidence against the belief it will
               | downtrend. Not relative to other currencies or
               | commodities.
               | 
               | That's like putting a match to gunpowder and claiming
               | based on the trend of the first few microseconds, the
               | flame will engulf the world.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | Bitcoin doesn't raise exponentially. It slows down over
               | time. Each swing cycle is shallower than previous one.
               | 
               | It's more like putting a match to a gunpowder and
               | theorizing that at some point some equilibrium will be
               | reached at greater volume than currently observed.
        
             | Tepix wrote:
             | If you assume that Tether is going down, BTC will crash,
             | too.
        
           | jmathai wrote:
           | Humans are terrible at gauging risk. I think the parent
           | comment was highlighting the risk component of this.
           | 
           | VTSAX-and-chill is gambling also. But the risks are so wildly
           | different that Tether is closer to buying lottery tickets
           | than index funds.
           | 
           | Everyone does what they want with their money but there seems
           | to have been an explosion of "massive returns" content that I
           | think is generally harmful.
           | 
           | (I'm neither saying that this post is or isn't harmful.)
        
             | wjnc wrote:
             | I'll just go out and enjoy "neither A or B" instead of "not
             | A or B" or "A nor B". I had to parse "neither is or isn't
             | harmful".
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | I don't have a deeply researched position behind this, but
             | my feeling has always been that (long term, I say again,
             | LONG TERM) VTSAX and chill is the same bet as holding cash.
             | 
             | If your VTSAX ends up being worth nothing long-term, there
             | is almost certainly no chance that your currency survived
             | the same event.
        
               | jmathai wrote:
               | Curious about this. The geometric mean of return for the
               | S&P500 is about 7% over several decades. The longer the
               | time horizon the more likely you'll hit 7%.
               | 
               | Why do you think it's similar to holding cash?
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | Not that its the same return as holding cash (clearly
               | that isn't true), just that if VTSAX doesn't pay off as a
               | bet long term, it will be because the dollar has ceased
               | to be valuable.
               | 
               | Basically, a bet on VTSAX is underpinned by faith in the
               | dollar. If either one crashes the other is worthless.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | I don't get how everyone misses this part. Assuming counter-
         | party risk is 0. This is still not a risk free trade by any
         | mean, even if Tether collapses at certain point in the future.
         | 
         | At such high interest rates, you need to close the deal soon
         | otherwise you are bleeding your capital really fast. The
         | interest compounding also means you are losing your money in a
         | compounding fashion.
         | 
         | If the author started shorting Tether 5-6 years they'd never
         | turn cashflow positive and they'd be nearing bankruptcy where
         | they lose all their monies.
        
           | canadianfella wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | williamsmj wrote:
           | They are investing $250. The author realizes that this is not
           | a great trade. It's a proof of concept.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | Did we ... need proof of this concept? Here's a thread just
             | on _this_ forum, from over a year ago, explaining exactly
             | how to short Tether via the trade the author is  "proving":
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28796356
        
               | iamben wrote:
               | My take was this is less about proving a concept and more
               | a nerdy/amusing/I don't mind losing money way of saying
               | "I strongly believe Tether is a house if cards that will
               | blow over at some point".
               | 
               | Hence the last line - "for the eventual pleasure of
               | saying "I told you so"."
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | > the traditional 7% per year
         | 
         | Which is actually 10% if you include dividends. But it's about
         | 6.56% if you adjust for inflation.
         | 
         | https://totalrealreturns.com/
        
         | nlittlepoole wrote:
         | I partake in this trade. There are other DeFi markets than Aave
         | with better rates (6% to 9% range) for borrowing Tether. I also
         | don't only use one market or one chain to hedge a bit smart
         | contract risk. I also didn't sell Tether and just hold cash.
         | Maxing out my I Bonds allocation and then buying treasuries has
         | offset the interest on Tether such that I've been slightly net
         | positive for the last 18 months on my position. This is all
         | gambling money, no money I actually need day to day is tied up
         | in this and my retirement/savings are invested an a traditional
         | portfolio of stocks/bonds/real estate.
        
           | aeternum wrote:
           | Why do you believe that Tether is investing in riskier assets
           | than treasuries and equivalents? With so much capital, and
           | all the scrutiny they've had for many years and throughout
           | many cycles it seems incredibly foolish to do anything else.
           | 
           | Tether effectively has a risk-free golden goose, it seems
           | quite foolish to slaughter it in an attempt to gain slightly
           | more alpha.
        
             | hiq wrote:
             | 1. doesn't this describe FTX just as well?
             | 
             | 2. if they're not doing anything shady, how come they can't
             | be more transparent than they are?
        
             | chollida1 wrote:
             | > Why do you believe that Tether is investing in riskier
             | assets than treasuries and equivalents?
             | 
             | That's easy. I can assume US treasuries will be here in 3
             | month, or a year or 10 years, and almost everyone will
             | agree with me.
             | 
             | Almost no one would agree with close to 100% certainty that
             | Tether will be here in 10 years or a year or even 3 months.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | Even Aave itself has better rates -- the figure the author is
           | quoting is from the the platform's option to lock in a fixed
           | rate for your loan. Currently you can lock in 12.24% [1], but
           | you can also borrow at the variable rate, starting at 3.15%.
           | 
           | Now, that _does_ subject you to uncontrollable variation, but
           | if you look at the chart, it 's historically stayed at a very
           | low level. Even the occasional spike you see is only for a
           | day or two and has little impact on the annual average. [2]
           | 
           | Furthermore, the whole time, you're getting credited for
           | interest accrued on your collateral. (1.18% on the USDC here
           | -- so, all in all about a 2% annual carrying cost, not a bit
           | issue if you think the crypto market are on borrowed time!)
           | 
           | "But what about the case where USDT borrowing surges and you
           | have a _persistent_ high rate? "
           | 
           | If that happens at all, it's probably because everyone else
           | is dumping Tether, meaning its price is probably falling, and
           | it's a great time to close the short anyway!
           | 
           | [1] https://app.aave.com/reserve-
           | overview/?underlyingAsset=0xdac...
           | 
           | [2] People often miss that "omg high interest rate" for a few
           | days translates into a very little expense in absolute terms.
           | It was especially bad when banks were complaining about
           | having to do one-off overnight loans on a very temporary
           | basis for 4% rather than 2%, supposedly meriting Fed
           | intervention!
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | > People often miss that "omg high interest rate" for a few
             | days translates into a very little expense in absolute
             | terms
             | 
             | That is assuming crypto rates are like USD bank rates.
             | 
             | Do you know any structural reason the rates can't spike to
             | a Megapercent (annualised) rate or higher? If you are being
             | charged interest, and the rate spikes, you could lose your
             | collateral quite quickly (and it seems likely trading would
             | be stopped so you might not even be able to close out).
        
       | mouse_ wrote:
       | Money printers bad. Including the Federal Reserve (since its
       | inception 109 years ago, the US Dollar has lost 96% of its
       | value.)
       | 
       | There is an argument that deflationary currencies are bad because
       | people will not want to spend them as they accrue value, but that
       | value has to go somewhere; either stays in your pocket with
       | deflationary currency or goes to some billionaire's fourth
       | yacht's heated seats with inflationary.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | The Federal Reserve has done a pretty good job on inflation in
         | recent decades:
         | https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-states/infl...
         | 
         | The 1970s were bad, but we had a 40-year period of low, stable
         | inflation, which is the goal. Now's not great, but it's not the
         | Federal Reserve's fault; between a global plague, supply chain
         | disruption, and a land war in Europe, inflation is up across
         | the globe: https://tradingeconomics.com/country-list/inflation-
         | rate
         | 
         | Compare that to the economic chaos that was much more common
         | before the rise of strong central banks and I'd say "Federal
         | Reserve baaaaad" is somewhat lacking in nuance.
        
           | bottlepalm wrote:
           | Global plague nope, supply chain disruption nope, a land war
           | in Europe nope.
           | 
           | Printing 13 trillion dollars for corona stimulus, yep.
           | 
           | Though I guess that's more the fault of the legislature than
           | anyone else.
        
             | WinstonSmith84 wrote:
             | Yeah ... But I think he must have been sarcastic with "The
             | Federal Reserve has done a pretty good job on inflation".
             | 
             | The FED can't be totally blamed, respective governments
             | share a big part of the incompetency
        
             | mouse_ wrote:
             | +1
        
           | mouse_ wrote:
           | In those times of economic chaos, a working class individual
           | could afford a house and food for his family.
        
             | ansible wrote:
             | > _In those times of economic chaos, a working class
             | individual could afford a house and food for his family._
             | 
             | Should that really be a surprise when we see the growing
             | disparity in income between the average worker and the
             | CEOs? The rich have been keeping a greater and greater
             | percentage of corporate profits for themselves. And it now
             | isn't being siphoned off by the government because the rich
             | have also lobbied to have the top-income tax rates lowered
             | and lowered.
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | They're not wizards. Their job is to manage monetary
             | policy, and I think they do a decent job of it.
        
         | ansible wrote:
         | > _Money printers bad. Including the Federal Reserve (since its
         | inception 109 years ago, the US Dollar has lost 96% of its
         | value.)_
         | 
         | You don't seem to understand how fiat money is supposed to
         | work, and how a stable economy is supposed to function.
         | 
         | Deflation is bad (where the value of a dollar increases
         | relative to the average cost of products). Your economy can
         | enter a deflationary spiral which is super bad and disruptive.
         | 
         | So ideally you would have a stable value relative to products
         | and services. But how do you deal with progress and
         | productivity increases? A farmer 100 years ago was plowing
         | fields with a horse, and now can handle much larger farms with
         | a tractor. We're producing a lot more of other resources and
         | finished goods as well, and these are purchased by a much
         | larger population. Well, you increase the money supply to match
         | the economic activity.
         | 
         | Keeping inflation to exactly 0% is very difficult, and erring
         | on the side of inflation isn't so bad, so that's what we try to
         | do. The point isn't to have each dollar stored in a bank to
         | automatically (magically) increase in relative value (to
         | products and services) without any effort. If you want more
         | money, you need to _make_ more money.
        
           | mouse_ wrote:
           | In a deflationary spiral, both unemployment and the cost of
           | goods go down. It is considered a time of prosperity for the
           | layman. Any worldview in which this is a bad thing can only
           | be considered an evil one.
           | 
           | Sure, inflation is cool because it shrinks our debt to
           | nothing, but then what is our economy and social structure
           | based on? Only lies. Even children can see now how this
           | system is collapsing under the weight of its own absurdity
           | and demoralization. I've had it to here with these banker-
           | centric rationalizations of why it's a good thing that the
           | average employee gets screwed harder and harder each year.
        
             | kemotep wrote:
             | Can you please provide evidence to your claim that
             | deflation leads to lower prices and unemployment? That is a
             | claim that contradicts most modern understandings of
             | economics.
             | 
             | The last major deflationary event in the United States was
             | the Great Recession and personally that seems a little out
             | of touch to be calling that a time of prosperity for the
             | layman.
        
         | matkoniecz wrote:
         | > since its inception 109 years ago, the US Dollar has lost 96%
         | of its value
         | 
         | I bet that 109 years after Bitcoin/ETH/FTX/Dogecoin/etc will be
         | created they will fare far worse.
        
           | ansible wrote:
           | > _... Dogecoin ..._
           | 
           | I remember when this blockchain was created. People were
           | transferring Doge to each other _for fun_. That was the whole
           | point, it was just goofing around and making jokes. And now
           | you can buy it at ATMs in gas stations. What a world we live
           | in.
        
           | mouse_ wrote:
           | Sure. Is that the standard we want to be comparing to,
           | though?
        
       | vgatherps wrote:
       | An potential failure case for defi is that some contract:
       | 
       | * Is looking at USDT pairs as well as USD pairs for a price
       | oracle and doesn't handle USDT pairs going to infinity well (i.e.
       | BTC/USDT skyrockets) when tether goes to zero
       | 
       | * Effectively hardcodes the value of Tether to $1 (can happen by
       | accidentally treating a X/USDT pair as an X/USD pair)
       | 
       | I suspect that the major lending protocols (AAVE, Compound) have
       | enough attention and effort to not make such a basic mistake but
       | there's a whole wide world of less competent protocols out there.
       | 
       | This can happen to centralised venues as well of course but as
       | far as OP is concerned those are too risky for the tether trade
       | (an assessment I agree with).
        
         | tornato7 wrote:
         | This indeed happened to a few protocols that had the value of
         | UST hard-coded at $1. The big players mostly use Chainlink
         | though, which uses a diversity of price sources and doesn't
         | make that type of assumption.
        
       | m00dy wrote:
       | > If USDT collapses to a price of, say, $0.01 USD / USDT, you can
       | buy up 100M USDT for $1M USD, and hand back that Tether to
       | Genesis to satisfy your loan.
       | 
       | Why would Genesis be still alive after Tether's collapse ?
        
         | HomeDeLaPot wrote:
         | The article goes on to raise that exact point. Did you stop
         | reading halfway through?
        
         | jtsiskin wrote:
         | ...keep reading :)
        
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