[HN Gopher] Universal flu vaccine against all known subtypes tak...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Universal flu vaccine against all known subtypes takes promising
       first steps
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 156 points
       Date   : 2023-01-07 15:47 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | carvking wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | karol wrote:
       | Wouldn't do that. Just a gut (bacteria) feeling.
        
       | alonmower wrote:
       | Having just got over the hump of a pretty bad flu I picked up
       | traveling over the holidays this can't come soon enough. I got a
       | flu shot earlier this year so I either picked up a different
       | variant or shudder to think that this experience could have been
       | even worse than it was (three days of 102+ fever).
       | 
       | It's pretty disheartening to see so many comments here
       | questioning the flu vaccine. So much anecdotal fallacy happening
       | here. I would expect numeracy of this audience to be relatively
       | high...
        
         | 11235813213455 wrote:
         | Flu vaccines make sense when someone's immunity is not strong
         | enough, it depends on every one so, but people's immune system
         | is getting weaker and weaker for all the reason we know, and
         | it's a bit of a vicious circle
        
         | LarryMullins wrote:
         | The flu hasn't bothered me since I was a small child, and I'm
         | not interested in fixing that which ain't broke. Maybe when I'm
         | old and feeble I'll start taking the flu shot, but for now I
         | have no reason to subject myself to those injections.
        
           | Eisenstein wrote:
           | What is terrible about the injections?
           | 
           | Do you also not believe you need car insurance because you
           | haven't gotten in an accident and gotten sued over it yet?
        
             | LarryMullins wrote:
             | I have received many vaccines, including covid. I don't get
             | vaccinated for shit I don't care about.
             | 
             | The framing of people who don't get _every_ vaccine offered
             | to them as  "anti-vax" is ridiculous. Have you been
             | vaccinated against rabies, on the off chance you run into a
             | bat? No, I really doubt you have. The risk is small so you
             | round it down to zero and stop worrying about it.
        
               | incangold wrote:
               | Vaccination can still be helpful to the immune-
               | compromised people around you (like me) even if you're
               | hale and hearty yourself.
               | 
               | If I can catch flu or Covid a couple fewer times over a
               | lifetime because the healthier people around me were
               | vaccinated, or masked, or installed better ventilation,
               | that would likely improve my life quite a bit.
               | 
               | (I say this with no judgement, just to raise awareness of
               | something I assume you haven't considered, and I hadn't
               | much thought about myself before I was personally
               | affected)
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | I asked a question about why the injections were so
               | objectionable to you, and then compared vaccination to
               | insurance, which I think is a reasonable comparison. If
               | you act this defensively every time someone poses a
               | question about your stance, it is no wonder you feel
               | persecuted.
        
               | LarryMullins wrote:
               | I didn't say anything about insurance, nor have I said
               | that injections are "so objectionable" to me. What I've
               | said is that I don't get flu shots because the risk of
               | the flu is too low for me to care. You may not like that
               | answer, but that is my answer and that's the only one
               | you'll get.
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | > I didn't say anything about insurance, nor have I said
               | that injections are "so objectionable" to me.
               | 
               | You said you don't want to 'subject' yourself to the
               | injections, and I brought up the insurance comparison.
               | 
               | I think you may have an issue with abstract thinking. It
               | is something you might want to look into improving. It
               | seems that when you don't understand something, instead
               | of asking for clarification, you get defensive and become
               | kind of unreasonably difficult. You will probably end up
               | happier if you don't come across as a jerk when the
               | reality is that you just need help parsing what other
               | people are saying because you have trouble thinking
               | conceptually.
               | 
               | * http://www.projectlearnet.org/tutorials/concrete_vs_abs
               | tract...
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | The flu has always had the strange attribute of being familiar
         | enough that people are not afraid of it, but every 100 years or
         | so it might kill a few million people.
         | 
         | On top of that there have been incidents where the risk was
         | oversold (Swine Flu in the 1970#] and the vaccine is
         | problematic.
         | 
         | Thanks to a perverse reaction (you tell me to do this so I will
         | not do it) we are going to see uptake of all kinds of vaccine
         | drop.
         | 
         | Myself I got the quadrivalent flu shot, my wife didn't, she got
         | the flu for thanksgiving and was off her feet for three days. I
         | slept next to her the whole time and did not get it. If I had,
         | watching her suffering, I would have called my doc for
         | antivirals at the first sign.
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | The problem is that most people call a mild cold or even an
           | abortive infection "flu". Actual influenza doesn't happen
           | that commonly to healthy adults and is really unpleasant.
           | Cooking your vitals at 103F for 3 days is also probably not
           | without risk of long-term damage, and there's always some
           | risk of hospitalization even in healthy adults.
        
             | subharmonicon wrote:
             | Calling every sniffle "the flu" is a bit of a peev of mine.
             | I hear it from people all the time.
             | 
             | Based on the descriptions I have read of influenza, I'm
             | relatively certain I have either never had it or have had
             | it maybe once in my adult life.
             | 
             | Most years I get a bad cold that lasts 5 days or so (plus
             | some time for my sinuses to completely return to normal)
             | and maybe a couple lesser colds. None of these are "the
             | flu".
             | 
             | I get the flu vaccine every year, but only started that
             | around age 35 or so. I'm in my early 50's now.
        
               | klocksib wrote:
               | I think part of it is the guilt of taking time off of
               | work so everything gets dubbed "the flu" to justify it.
               | 
               | I've only had the flu once that I know of after an
               | conference in Las Vegas about 12yrs ago, and it was the
               | worst illness I've ever had. I went into work on day 1,
               | immediately turned around went home, and nearly passed
               | out going up the stairs. The next three days were a fugue
               | of blinking and the shadows from the trees outside
               | moving.
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | Yeah back when I first started WFH (2015-ish) I skipped
               | the flu shot for 2-3 years due to simple laziness until I
               | finally caught the real thing. It was 3 solid days of
               | 103F fever which was sweating in bed, combined with all
               | kind of mild hallucinatory effects and complete
               | incapacity, and the week after the fever broke I had a
               | hard time just moving my body for more than 30-60 minutes
               | at a time before having to lie down. The hangover lasted
               | about a month before my energy levels got back to normal
               | ("post-viral fatigue" before that term became popular --
               | also there's probably a risk of persistent ME/CFS or
               | "long influenza" post-recovery).
               | 
               | For anyone with unvaccinated proper influenza there
               | should be no question of if you're going to work or not.
               | You're not going to be capable of it. Trying to order
               | groceries online should be highly mentally taxing.
               | 
               | I'd strongly recommend once someone sees a fever above
               | 100F that they get antivirals as well and not try to
               | suffer through it like a dumbass.
               | 
               | (Tangentially, compare to people who "got the worst
               | sickness of their adult life" in late 2019 and swear they
               | were patient zero of COVID in the US -- probably just
               | influenza, 19/20 was a bad season before COVID hit).
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | My favorite is "I caught the 24 hour flu". No, sorry, you
               | had some stomach bug.
        
             | kryogen1c wrote:
             | > The problem is that most people call a mild cold or even
             | an abortive infection "flu".
             | 
             | This is one of a class of problem I've identified as "stuff
             | i learned in my childhood that is simply wrong".
             | 
             | For some reason, I grew up with the impression that
             | vomiting and/or GI issues could be the flu, or the 24 hour
             | flu. I'm not entirely sure how respiratory viruses with
             | fevers became confused in such a manner.
        
       | jabthedang wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | snshn wrote:
       | Don't fuck with nature.
        
       | ape4 wrote:
       | They probably shouldn't over promise by calling it "universal".
       | Inevitably there will be a new variant it cannot handle.
        
         | Izkata wrote:
         | > Inevitably there will be a new variant it cannot handle.
         | 
         | Current flu vaccines target a whole strain (of which there are
         | only a dozen or so and it's very rare for more to show up), not
         | individual variants like the covid vaccines (just enough
         | mutations to be called different).
        
       | sdo72 wrote:
       | I get flu vaccines yearly, and every time I still get sick. My
       | kids got the vaccine this year, and all of them got sick because
       | of the flu, 3 times. I really don't know if the flu vaccine does
       | anything, but it definitely gives me lots of doubts.
       | 
       | Then we had a family member who got very sick a month or two ago
       | because of the flu, he was sent to ER, ICU, and eventually didn't
       | make it. That sent a shock wave to our family. He planned to get
       | the flu vaccine a bit later but got sick right before.
       | 
       | Please get vaccinated, if it doesn't work well, it may give us
       | the second chance to survive.
        
         | grey413 wrote:
         | Something that following the progress of COVID vaccines really
         | taught me is that vaccines have an important role in reducing
         | the _severity_ of a disease in addition to stopping them
         | outright. I 'd much rather get a mild flu than a moderate flu,
         | let alone a severe one.
         | 
         | This seems to be particularly true for fast-acting viral
         | respiratory diseases. Our immune systems seem to have soft
         | biological limits on how well they can prevent them.
        
           | thehappypm wrote:
           | There's a population factor and an individual factor. Let's
           | say it's half effective. By vaccinating the population, the
           | virus spreads more slowly, since half of people are dead
           | ends. So you wind up with less cases in aggregate -- and
           | potentially exponentially less.
        
             | grey413 wrote:
             | Also very true! Blunting logarithmic growth is a huge net
             | positive.
        
           | actuallyalys wrote:
           | Part of the issue with fast-acting viral respiratory diseases
           | seems to be that vaccines don't induce mucosal immunity:
           | "Currently approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines induce robust
           | systemic immunity but poor immunity at the respiratory
           | mucosa, meaning that they are highly effective against
           | symptomatic disease but do not prevent viral transmission."
           | 
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-022-01405-w
        
         | wojciii wrote:
         | I don't want the flu vaccine for neigher me nor my children. I
         | want us to get sick and our immune systems to take care of the
         | flu together with some garlic, hot tea and down time. At the
         | same time the adults are vaccinated for COVID and our children
         | are vaccinated for the usual stuff that will kill them.
         | 
         | I think that my employer really wants to avoid any downtime of
         | his workforce and suggests a flu vaccination every year. I
         | think that some downtime is good for my wellbeing and that I
         | don't wan't to be more effective.
        
           | themitigating wrote:
           | The unfortunate part is you've already passed your defective
           | genes on
        
           | RHSeeger wrote:
           | I think you seriously underestimate just how bad the flu can
           | be. Perhaps you've not experienced it really bad? In the
           | 2010-2011 year, there were ~290,000 hospitalizations from the
           | flu, and ~37,000 deaths. There were 10 million medical
           | visits. And all of that is _with_ people being vaccinated. I
           | expect it would be much worse without vaccinations.
           | 
           | Sure, most of the time you get the flu it sucks but it's not
           | a big deal... but it can be pretty bad. It's well worth
           | getting the vaccination, especially if your company or
           | insurance provides it for free, just to avoid the possibility
           | of severe issues.
        
           | undersuit wrote:
           | Then take actual downtime. You can't relax when you have a
           | fever.
        
           | kcplate wrote:
           | Being on the management side of things for a company that
           | offered free flu shots in office for convenience to the
           | employees (despite health insurance coverage at doctors
           | offices and pharmacies), we _absolutely_ did it to minimize
           | the sick time impact to the company.
           | 
           | I do not see what is wrong with that motive. Companies have a
           | duty to protect themselves do they not?
        
             | wojciii wrote:
             | Companies can do whatever they want. I just don't want to
             | be a part of it. :)
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | You probably shouldn't work for a company then...
        
               | kcplate wrote:
               | Well it certainly wasn't mandatory and no records were
               | kept of who did and who didn't, and there was no stigma
               | or recourse if someone opted out.
               | 
               | However it was definitely effectively in decreasing the
               | number of employees who took sick time during flu season
               | though. Just the convenience of running down to the break
               | room to get it vs going to a clinic increased the number
               | of employees who would get the seasonal shot.
        
         | dekerta wrote:
         | Are you certain you're getting the _flu_ every year? Do you get
         | tested for it?
         | 
         | A lot of people assume they have the flu when it's really a bad
         | cold
        
         | russdill wrote:
         | Small sample sizes can make it very difficult to determine
         | effectiveness. Fortunately there is a ton of data out though if
         | you are curious. The effectiveness does vary widely from year
         | to year.
        
         | jackmott wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | Entinel wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing this. It's not about not getting sick. It's
         | about getting less sick than you would have if you didn't get
         | vaccinated.
        
           | poszlem wrote:
           | No, it's also about not getting sick.
           | 
           | The "vaccine is not about preventing the infection" meme got
           | really annoying since COVID, since the COVID vaccine while
           | very useful turned out to not be as useful for infection
           | prevention as we'd thought.
           | 
           | That does not change the fact that the role of a "vaccine" is
           | mainly to prevent the infection, and the "getting less sick"
           | fact is a second class effect.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _it 's also about not getting sick_
             | 
             | You're correct [1]. The vaccine mainly aims to reduce the
             | frequency _and_ intensity of illness.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | You're describing sterilizing immunity, which is a property
             | that only some vaccines provide.
             | 
             | More generally, vaccines are just a mechanism for acquiring
             | immunity. Immunity doesn't mean "you don't feel sick," it
             | means "your immune systems responds better and faster to
             | the real thing."
        
               | poszlem wrote:
               | I am not describing sterilizing immunity, I am saying
               | that the original, and the most common understanding of
               | what a vaccine is is "something that you take that makes
               | you not get sick". That is exactly how most vaccines have
               | been advertised for years, and how most people think of
               | them.
               | 
               | I do not need to need to be educated about how vaccines
               | work, I know that there is a secondary effect of vaccines
               | that primes your immune system and makes the disease
               | easier to fight. But it's a secondary effect, otherwise
               | we would call more things "vaccines", as we know that for
               | example "exercise helps with immune response".
        
               | dxhdr wrote:
               | > I am not describing sterilizing immunity, I am saying
               | that the original, and the most common understanding of
               | what a vaccine is is "something that you take that makes
               | you not get sick".
               | 
               | The CDC changed the definition of vaccine on Sept 2, 2021
               | and removed the reference to immunity.
               | 
               | [1] https://web.archive.org/web/20210901163633/https://ww
               | w.cdc.g...
               | 
               | [2] https://web.archive.org/web/20210902194040/https://ww
               | w.cdc.g...
               | 
               | And just to preempt your question, every news source
               | reachable via Google says the change has nothing to do
               | with COVID or the effectiveness of the COVID vaccine.
        
               | yucky wrote:
               | > every news source reachable via Google says the change
               | has nothing to do with COVID or the effectiveness of the
               | COVID vaccine.
               | 
               | Does that sound logical to you? The definition went
               | unchanged for years until the CDC came under direct
               | attack for the effectiveness of the COVID vaccine
               | compared to other vaccines. If it's unrelated, wouldn't
               | that make it quite a coincidence?
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | You're talking about a simplified "pop" understanding of
               | what a vaccine is and does. Even in elementary school I
               | wasn't told that a vaccine _prevents_ disease; I was told
               | that it _provokes an immune response that provides
               | resistance_ to a disease.
               | 
               | The fact that people confuse the two is a legitimate
               | public education problem. But it doesn't change what they
               | actually are, or how medical professionals use the word.
               | 
               | > But it's a secondary effect, otherwise we would call
               | more things "vaccines", as we know that for example
               | "exercise helps with immune response".
               | 
               | It is _the_ effect. I think everybody understands the
               | difference between taking care of yourself and receiving
               | a medical preparation that stimulates your immune system
               | against a specific disease.
        
             | grey413 wrote:
             | You're being overly proscriptive about vaccines. Vaccines
             | have multiple layers of effect because our immune systems
             | have multiple layers of effect. You don't neglect the
             | seatbelts just because the car is more likely to crash in
             | the first place.
        
               | poszlem wrote:
               | In which place am I overly proscriptive? In the paragraph
               | where I say that the vaccines are ALSO intended to
               | prevent people from getting sick? If anything it's the OP
               | who is overly reductive.
               | 
               | At no point did I say that you should not get vaccinated,
               | you are putting words in my mouth. I said that the
               | original intention of vaccines was to prevent infection.
               | It is still the main way that most people conceptualizes
               | vaccines too.
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | > My kids got the vaccine this year, and all of them got sick
         | because of the flu, 3 times.
         | 
         | probably not.
        
           | beebmam wrote:
           | I had the flu 10 times one year in high school,
           | coincidentally on days I didn't do my homework. Weird!
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | I think reduction of chance of getting infected that you can
         | get from flu vaccine is very modest and in any single case can
         | be easily drowned in the noise caused by all other factors. But
         | it's visible in epidemiological data.
        
         | cryptoegorophy wrote:
         | Vaccine is against one type of flu. Maybe you didn't get sick
         | with the other one but only this one. This is what the article
         | is talking about. Covering all flu so that you don't get sick.
        
       | reedjosh wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | thallium205 wrote:
         | Why do you hate gramma?
        
           | reedjosh wrote:
           | Bro gramma sux. Lol
           | 
           | I don't know, I'm just in a weird mood this morning and do
           | far too much posting from my phone lately.
        
           | uwagar wrote:
           | they probably hate your granma in particular.
        
       | colechristensen wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bpfrh wrote:
         | I had a flu and now have a chronic illness because of that.
         | 
         | I think you always take your chances, but vaccine are tested
         | better than a virus that mutates in the wild.
        
         | AmVess wrote:
         | Your skepticism is warranted and perhaps a healthy view to the
         | modern approach to what they call science. Labeling people for
         | being anti-vax because they are anti-mRNA vax is cancel
         | culturalism at its peak.
         | 
         | Keep in mind that an alarming number of people who are pro
         | covid vax are the same people who were anti-vaxxers when they
         | believed it was the cause of autism.
         | 
         | What a strange world we live in.
        
         | bilekas wrote:
         | I'm not going to downvote because it's your opinion but I don't
         | see why you would be concerned about a vaccine at all u less
         | you've a proven history of adverse effects which is so
         | extraordinarily rare it's barely worth mentioning!
         | 
         | I think though that the kind of opinion you have and share
         | really diminishes the incredible amount of hard work, research
         | and effort that goes into them.
        
         | grey413 wrote:
         | "When it comes down to it am I more concerned about the disease
         | or the vaccine?"
         | 
         | The disease. You should really be concerned about the disease,
         | not the mild immune system trainers.
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | It doesn't matter whether it's political or not. All that
         | matters is the science, and the real risk and benefits shown by
         | science. The danger is that too many so-called "skeptics" are
         | not actually looking at the science, and are instead sitting in
         | fear and ignorance and calling that skepticism, when really
         | it's the same thinking that they would claim to reject in
         | others.
         | 
         | If you're concerned about the disease, get the vaccine.
         | Vaccines work, and you literally cannot predict with certainty
         | how a disease will affect you. If you're concerned about the
         | vaccine, look at the scientific evidence after large-scale
         | trials. At the end of the day, you aren't personally doing the
         | trials and developing the vaccine, so you will have to have
         | some level of faith in the work of others. Same as you need to
         | have faith that your vegetables aren't covered in e.coli, or
         | that your shower isn't harboring brain-eating viruses, etc. We
         | all take measured risks in life.
        
         | lwhalen wrote:
         | ...prepare yourself for massive downvotes. I'm in the same boat
         | - how can I possibly be 'anti vax' if I've gotten pretty much
         | all the PREVIOUS ones (based on the older tech), and I'm just
         | skeptical of the utility/necessity of this new tech that
         | appears to have non-trivial risks of debilitating or fatal side
         | effects?
        
           | grey-area wrote:
           | There are no credible reports of mrna vaccines having
           | undesirable side effects any more serious than other
           | vaccines. All vaccines are a trade off between side effects
           | and effects, that's why there are a huge number of hurdles
           | before any vaccine is released and lots of studies of
           | efficacy and side effects after.
        
             | karl_gluck wrote:
             | That's what I thought too, until a friend sent me the paper
             | "Class switch towards non-inflammatory, spike-specific IgG4
             | antibodies after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination"
             | published a few weeks ago:
             | 
             | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciimmunol.ade2798
             | 
             | From what I can understand, it seems mRNA vaccines can
             | cause a non-inflammatory response to actual infection that
             | prolongs the disease. I'm supportive of vaccination, but
             | that doesn't mean side effects can't happen especially with
             | new technology.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | Oh, there's more. Remember all those refutations of
               | claims that it changes your DNA? Pretty much all of them
               | went something like "That's stupid, DNA is converted into
               | RNA, not the other way around!" - meanwhile the people
               | who were concerned about it knew about reverse
               | transcriptase enzyme, and months later a study was
               | published showing it can happen in human liver cells:
               | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/3/73
        
               | skiman10 wrote:
               | Okay but not really though right?
               | 
               | https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/a-swedish-study-did-not-
               | say...
        
           | nathanaldensr wrote:
           | That's because the phrase _anti-vax_ is not meant to be an
           | accurate descriptor; instead, it 's meant to be a label
           | applied to you to cause others to attack you without
           | thinking. You can see many examples of this here in this
           | thread.
           | 
           | Be comfortable in your control over your own body and don't
           | engage with those who would destroy you because you don't
           | submit to their collective will.
        
             | grey-area wrote:
             | Who 'would destroy you' because you don't take a flu
             | vaccine?
        
             | matthewmacleod wrote:
             | At the time I wrote this comment, there are literally two
             | occurrences of the term "anti-vax" in this thread and they
             | belong to you and the grandparent.
        
             | haswell wrote:
             | > _it 's meant to be a label applied to you to cause others
             | to attack you without thinking_
             | 
             | I would like to think the average attitude here is closer
             | to one of intellectual curiosity than blind labeling.
             | 
             | The trouble is that "anti-vax" sentiment is impossible to
             | distinguish from "vaccine hesitancy" when the only reasons
             | put forward seem to be vague mistrust in the tech /
             | government.
             | 
             | Rarely do these conversations lead to real discussions
             | about actual quantified risks, which makes it easy to
             | dismiss hesitancy as garden variety anti-vax sentiment -
             | the kind that is based on verifiable lies and has been
             | around for decades.
             | 
             | I'd argue that instead of predicting inevitable binary
             | thinking and dismissals, it'd be more useful to focus on
             | the actual substantial claims to back up the position.
             | Anything less moves the conversation nowhere.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | > vaccination has become political.
         | 
         | When the concept of vaccination was new, it was political.
         | After a few rounds of stopping really bad disease (smallpox,
         | polio, rabies, etc...), people mostly believed in vaccine
         | because they literally eradicated disease. When COVID hit, I
         | think it benefited from the reputations of successful vaccines
         | of the past, and a lot of people put their faith in public
         | health officials who in the past were the vanguard for
         | eradicating some very dreadful, horrible viral diseases.
         | 
         | After getting couple doses of COVID vax, actually having
         | everyone in my family (who is vaxed) including me get COVID
         | (and some of us get seriously ill), I have a very hard time
         | believing that the COVID vaccination was very effective,
         | especially if you compare it to the vaccinations that have
         | successfully eradicated entire diseases. Millions have shared
         | the same experience my family had.
         | 
         | Yes, desperate times call for sometimes desperate measures, and
         | I like to believe that the COVID vaccine helped blunt the
         | pandemic... but the fact is people get this vaccination and
         | still can get COVID and even die of die of it. This is the
         | source of the cognitive dissonance we see in the body politic
         | right now... and why trust in public health is down
         | substantially.
        
           | grey413 wrote:
           | It seems like you got it in your head that the COVID vaccines
           | would be a able to stop infection entirely, and were
           | disappointed when it didn't for your family. It's not
           | surprising that you did: a lot of the messaging at the time
           | really counted their chickens before they hatched and painted
           | it as a miracle prophylactic. In the real world, vaccines are
           | a population-level tool with a range of outcomes. It's
           | annoyingly hard to communicate that to the masses.
           | 
           | In practice, it turns out that fighting fast-mutating viral
           | respiratory infections is hard to do. Our immune just aren't
           | that great at it, and vaccines can only stack the deck there
           | so much in our favor. I believe that the (observational, hard
           | to rely on) evidence suggests that the covid vaccine reduced
           | the incidence of infection, but only by about 25-50%. And
           | that's good! That doesn't even cover the much more
           | substantial reduction in serious outcomes! A world with the
           | vaccines is unarguably less hostile than that without. But
           | it's not a miracle, and it's always aggravating when people
           | engage in the nirvana fallacy about it.
        
             | indymike wrote:
             | > It's not surprising that you did: a lot of the messaging
             | at the time really counted their chickens before they
             | hatched and painted it as a miracle prophylactic.
             | 
             | This is exactly the issue. There was so much just bad
             | information out there.
             | 
             | > Our immune just aren't that great at it, and vaccines can
             | only stack the deck there so much in our favor. I believe
             | that the (observational, hard to rely on) evidence suggests
             | that the covid vaccine reduced the incidence of infection,
             | but only by about 25-50%.
             | 
             | I like to think this .
             | 
             | > A world with the vaccines is unarguably less hostile than
             | that without. But it's not a miracle, and it's always
             | aggravating when people engage in the nirvana fallacy about
             | it.
             | 
             | It's really disappointing that attitudes towards COVID
             | vaccines are spreading to other vaccines. It's sad when I
             | hear parents talking about MMR and other proved vaccines
             | using the anti-COVID talking pointes.
        
         | gwd wrote:
         | > I'm skeptical ...now that vaccination has become political.
         | 
         | I'm exactly the opposite -- I'm skeptical of skepticism like
         | yours, because its source often seems to be political / tribal
         | rather than rational. Specifically, it seems to me that some
         | people have started pushing the anti-vax narrative because they
         | find that it gives them power.
         | 
         | > ...am I more concerned about the disease or the vaccine?
         | 
         | Is this an either-or question? We have government institutions
         | like the FDA, whose job it is to make sure that proposed
         | medical treatments are 1) not harmful 2) do what they claim to
         | do. If you have a rational basis for thinking they're not doing
         | a good job, then lobby for change; or at very least present
         | evidence so that someone else might choose to do so.
         | 
         | We also have government institutions like the CDC, whose job it
         | is to come up with policies that will benefit the population as
         | a whole; to weigh the overall benefits of (say) promoting flu
         | vaccination against the costs and risks.
         | 
         | Sure, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the CDC experienced
         | political pressure. But that was because lockdowns are
         | inherently politically unpopular.
         | 
         | I'm not aware of any such political pressure regarding flu
         | vaccination; which makes your skepticism -- particularly
         | without any evidence presented for it -- seem irrational.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | > If you have a rational basis for thinking they're not doing
           | a good job, then lobby for change; or at very least present
           | evidence so that someone else might choose to do so.
           | 
           | For one: https://nypost.com/2021/09/01/two-senior-fda-
           | officials-resig...
           | 
           | > Two senior officials have resigned from their positions
           | within the US Food and Drug Administration over frustrations
           | with the Biden administration's plans to move forward with
           | recommending COVID-19 booster shots without their prior
           | approval, according to a report.
           | 
           | I also remember more where the FDA went against their panel's
           | advice about authorization for children, but am having
           | trouble finding it now.
        
             | gwd wrote:
             | Right, COVID-19 has caused political pressure _related to
             | COVID-19_ because lockdowns are politically unpopular. The
             | fact that two senior officials resigned sort of implies
             | that the FDA is still very robust, and takes its mandate
             | very seriously; meaning in the _absence_ of political
             | pressure -- for instance, when talking about the flu --
             | their recommendations are probably pretty reliable.
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | FWIW, not all governments even promote the flu vaccine for
         | everyone. For example, here in the UK the flu vaccine is only
         | offered to the elderly and to those who have conditions such as
         | asthma that makes it more dangerous (and indeed that also
         | applies to ongoing boosters of the covid vaccine). For those
         | whom flu is dangerous, a more effective vaccine seems like a
         | very good thing.
        
           | blipvert wrote:
           | Oi! 50 isn't elderly!
           | 
           | I need to book my appointment as they texted me. I can only
           | remember getting flu once, in my 20s, and it felt like I was
           | going to die. 25 years later I'm gonna avoid the flu like the
           | plague!
        
           | uwagar wrote:
           | since recently, the flu vaccine is now advised starting 2
           | year olds. source is here:
           | https://twitter.com/UKHSA/status/1595053700489379847?s=20
        
             | nicoburns wrote:
             | From to 2 to 17 by the looks of things. And it's a separate
             | nasal spray vaccine.
        
           | cguess wrote:
           | I mean, that's just not true. It's only offered completely
           | free from the NHS for those criteria, but it's only PS10 at
           | Boots for everyone else
           | https://www.boots.com/online/pharmacy-services/winter-flu-
           | ja...
           | 
           | It's a good idea to get it no matter who you are, the flu
           | sucks, you can spread it to people who are vulnerable and for
           | whom the jab didn't take 100%.
        
             | nicoburns wrote:
             | Right. "advised" would probably have been better wording
             | than "offered". Within those critiria they'll actively
             | contact you and suggest that you get it. Outside of those
             | criteria you have to ask for it yourself.
        
         | lalaland1125 wrote:
         | > messaging now that vaccination has become political
         | 
         | Vaccination has always been "political" as infectious diseases
         | like viruses almost always entail publicly funded and promoted
         | public health campaigns.
         | 
         | The polio vaccination campaign in particular was a huge
         | political effort to push it through and encourage people to
         | take it.
        
         | haswell wrote:
         | The politicization of vaccination may be a real phenomena, but
         | that does not change the value of vaccination or the decades of
         | foundational work that occurred prior to the popularity of
         | anti-vax sentiment.
         | 
         | What leads you to believe that the political noise is worth
         | listening to despite a history of successful vaccine
         | development? Many anti-vaxxers are equally opposed to
         | MMR/Polio/etc. vaccines despite the risk profile of those
         | diseases. What separates "new" vaccine hesitation from the
         | classical quackery?
         | 
         | If we always change our viewpoints about health because someone
         | chooses to politicize some of them, we're going to be in for a
         | bad time...
         | 
         | I'm genuinely curious to understand this sentiment. I grew up
         | with anti-vax parents in the 80s, and was lucky enough to
         | experience the measles first-hand as a result. If I could undo
         | that period of my life and protect myself against getting sick,
         | I would.
         | 
         | When I see people express skepticism based on nothing other
         | than the current political climate, it's hard not to see the
         | blind mistrust my parents had in the government that ultimately
         | caused me real harm.
        
       | oifjsidjf wrote:
       | Perhaps the only reason why flu is harmless is because we don't
       | fight it?
       | 
       | Need I remind you what is happening with the antibiotic
       | resistance issues we are facing due to dishing out antibiotics
       | left and right as if it were candy?
       | 
       | Other than very old and frail people it's stupid to vaccinate
       | against something that harms 0% non-old and non-weak population.
       | 
       | Side effects could be disasterous.
        
         | greenyoda wrote:
         | Different flu strains have affected different age groups. For
         | example, the 1918 flu pandemic killed 25-50 million people and
         | disproportionately affected young adults:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu
        
         | tedivm wrote:
         | It really amazes me how anti science this website has become.
        
           | goldenchrome wrote:
           | Anti orthodoxy isn't necessarily the same as anti science.
           | Questioning the established science is pro science provided
           | it's done in good faith and it looks like the parent is
           | acting in good faith.
           | 
           | What you're witnessing is a great reckoning for the
           | scientific community. We'll see if the orthodoxy still has
           | the faculties to deliver truth with time. I think the
           | community has been corrupted.
        
             | di456 wrote:
             | > Questioning the established science is pro science
             | provided it's done in good faith and it looks like the
             | parent is acting in good faith.
             | 
             | I see the opposite here, it's another take of outrage porn
             | based on misinformation.
             | 
             | Good science would be having a hypothesis and doing
             | scientific research on it. Science is based on hypothesis.
             | It rarely gets to 100% but does work off of statistical
             | significance. Whereas conspiracy theory regurgitation is
             | based on opinion and story telling and does little to
             | nothing to move science forward.
        
               | goldenchrome wrote:
               | Asking questions is the start of the scientific process.
               | If it turns out that vaccines cause undisclosed health
               | problems then wouldn't you be outraged too?
               | 
               | Let's see how it unfolds. Most of us can't do the science
               | ourselves, but we can ask questions and observe.
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | Throwing out a statement like:
             | 
             | > Perhaps the only reason why flu is harmless is because we
             | don't fight it?
             | 
             | Without providing any evidence that viruses tend to become
             | more dangerous when we combat them is anti-science. It's
             | like saying: What if the earth is flat?
             | 
             | Consider successful viral eradication campaigns like
             | smallpox or polio. There's no indication that smallpox
             | became "super smallpox" as it was about to be eradicated.
             | Nor is there a reason to think this would happen based on
             | what we know about how viruses work. It's pure fear
             | mongering on the basis of nothing at all.
             | 
             | Edit: There's so much wrong with the original post here.
             | Not only is the flu sometimes deadly, as others have
             | pointed out, but we _already_ fight the flu with seasonal
             | flu vaccines. Indeed, they seem to have a strong protective
             | effect[1]. The flu doesn 't seem to be getting stronger as
             | a result any of this.
             | 
             | [1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35132866/
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | If you're concerned about being anti-science, at least do
               | a google search. [1] Right now, your resistance to
               | contradicting information sure makes you look
               | unscientific.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistanc
               | e#Virus...
        
               | fzeroracer wrote:
               | Please don't engage. Flag and move on. You can look at
               | both of their post histories and see neither of them are
               | here in good faith. There is an increasing number of
               | people that just post absurd nonsense and then leave the
               | argument because even if it's flagged and killed, it'll
               | suck the air out of the thread and divert posts away from
               | the topic.
        
               | goldenchrome wrote:
               | That's not very kind. I think maybe you just don't agree
               | with me. It doesn't mean I'm not here in good faith. I've
               | been a member here since 2012 and most of my comments are
               | well received. Those that are not are still my truthful
               | opinions stated plainly.
               | 
               | I don't expect people to engage with me, but I hope they
               | do, and with their heart. Telling people to flag and move
               | on feels like you just want to silence perspectives you
               | don't like.
        
         | di456 wrote:
         | So much misinformation here..
         | 
         | > Perhaps the only reason why flu is harmless is because we
         | don't fight it?
         | 
         | The flu has been fought with vaccines for decades.
         | 
         | Still, it mutates constantly and the vaccine producers guess
         | which strains will be dominant. Like s coin flip, they guess
         | right or wrong. The topic of the article means that they may
         | not have to guess.
         | 
         | > ...antibiotic resistance issues we are facing due to dishing
         | out antibiotics...
         | 
         | Vaccines and antibiotics are two completely different things.
         | One is preventative, other is for acute care of a bacterial
         | infection.
         | 
         | > Other than very old and frail people it's stupid to vaccinate
         | against something that harms 0% non-old and non-weak
         | population.
         | 
         | Vaccine of a healthy person slows transmission to elderly and
         | immunocompromised. And reduces the chances of feeling really
         | shitty and missing school or work for several days.
         | 
         | It's sad to dismiss something because it doesn't benefit "me",
         | without considering how it may benefit "us" as a community.
        
           | unshavedyak wrote:
           | > It's sad to dismiss something because it doesn't benefit
           | "me", without considering how it may benefit "us" as a
           | community.
           | 
           | Really seems a problem with many areas of modern society.
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | I'd note this isn't a modern concept. Selfishness evolved
             | when our mutated giant brain dna expressed itself and has
             | been poisoning us all since.
        
               | SamPatt wrote:
               | Pursuing self interest isn't poison.
               | 
               | There are many examples in history (and in our modern
               | world) where doing the "selfless" thing is just
               | manipulation for serving someone else's interests first.
               | 
               | Religious leaders maintained power over society for ages
               | by determining what was selfish behavior.
               | 
               | We likely cannot agree on a rule which always properly
               | distinguishes between pursuing self interest for
               | survival's sake versus crossing the line into harming
               | others. Since we are forced to inhabit the same world,
               | it's best to not disparage others for pursuing their own
               | self interest as long as they aren't hurting you
               | directly.
        
               | di456 wrote:
               | "Poison" is hyperbole but I read it as ego. Coming from
               | an exclusively ego-centric place generally doesn't lead
               | to the best outcomes in life.
               | 
               | Unchecked ego is part of narcissism spectrum. We all have
               | some of it. Extreme narcissism is a cancer in modern
               | culture. Maybe that's what OP meant by poison.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | The poison I meant is the difference between communal
               | animals and human society. The root of why we are so
               | noxious and odious a beast is the self, and a lack of
               | realization the self doesn't exist as it's impermanent
               | and ever changing. But I give away my doctrine here :-)
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | The motivating example here was the statement of "I'm not
               | going to be hurt by disease X so I will do nothing to
               | prevent harm to others who are impacted by the diseases
               | spread." This isn't self interest. This is selfishness.
               | They gain nothing by helping others than avoiding minor
               | inconveniences.
               | 
               | I would also note that major religions revolve on
               | explaining the differences and providing a vantage for
               | judging the boundaries between self interest and
               | selfishness. The fact some selfish people exploit the
               | ambiguities, or even the inefficiencies of selflessness
               | does not obviate in any way the teaching of the religion.
               | Just demonstrates that pursuing a selfless life doesn't
               | imply lack of critical thought.
        
           | lynx23 wrote:
           | Thats what happens if you overpressure people. I can
           | definitely say that since the pandemic, and especially the
           | hardcore propaganda during the first few waves, I can feel a
           | distinct revoltion when someone pulls the "it is for the good
           | of others" card. I can only watch my own gut reactions. No,
           | thanks, I am not going to take medicine with questionable
           | test status for "us". Maybe I might have without that
           | hardcore pressure, but I will never forget the media running
           | wild. I know I should feel differently, but I dont. I am
           | through with "us".
        
             | jeromegv wrote:
             | Okay. But what you say has nothing to do with the
             | scientific value and benefits. It's just your gut feelings.
             | You are free to feel that of course, to each their own
        
             | di456 wrote:
             | I totally get that. The COVID vaccines were marketed as our
             | hope for the end of the pandemic. But people with vaccines
             | kept getting sick afterwards. There was definitely an
             | overpromise and the messaging throughout the pandemic
             | seemed completely "make it up as you go."
             | 
             | At the same time there was and still is hardcore political
             | propaganda to divide us into "us" and "them" camps on
             | topics like this. It makes everyone on both sides more
             | easily controlled and manipulated. Being through with "us"
             | puts you into the "them" camp and your decision is equally
             | shaped by the other side of the same propaganda. Are you
             | really looking out for "me" or serving someone else's
             | agenda just the way they want you to?
             | 
             | One can decide to skip vaccines and still watch out for
             | their neighbors, they aren't mutually exclusive.
             | 
             | Camus' book The Rebel is a fascinating read on the topic.
             | This quote stuck with me over the years:
             | 
             | "Every revolutionary ends by becoming either an oppressor
             | or a heretic. In the purely historical universe that they
             | have chosen, rebellion and revolution end in the same
             | dilemma: either police rule or insanity."
        
           | generalizations wrote:
           | > One is preventative, other is for acute care
           | 
           | Nit: this difference has nothing to do with antimicrobial
           | resistance. If you're concerned about misinformation, at
           | least get your facts right.
        
             | Eldt wrote:
             | When did they make such a claim? Seems you are
             | misinterpreting (or misrepresenting)
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | >>>> antibiotic resistance issues we are facing due to
               | dishing out antibiotics left and right
               | 
               | >>> Vaccines and antibiotics are two completely different
               | things. One is preventative, other is for acute care of a
               | bacterial infection.
               | 
               | >> this difference [preventative vs acute care] has
               | nothing to do with antimicrobial resistance
               | 
               | > When did they make such a claim?
               | 
               | Right there in the parent comment. Ctrl-F might help?
        
             | spywaregorilla wrote:
             | The statement appears to have been that use of vaccines
             | will contribute to antibiotic resistance, and the
             | counterpoint being that vaccines are not antibiotics and
             | thus irrelevant. What is incorrect about this?
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | The orignal statement was actually "antibiotic resistance
               | issues we are facing due to dishing out antibiotics left
               | and right", which is pretty clearly not "use of vaccines
               | will contribute to antibiotic resistance".
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | But that is the point being made. These two are not
               | similar.
               | 
               | Antibiotics are a general purpose thing. Using them on
               | trivial cases can increase antibiotic resistance which is
               | bad for the cases where we really need antibiotics.
               | 
               | Vaccines are specific. You can't accrue "vaccine
               | resistance" as a catch all thing by applying vaccines to
               | everyone. You may create pressure for a virus to work
               | around specific vaccines, but the only risk is that we
               | will need to adjust the vaccine. Unlike with antibiotics
               | where we really just need to try and find a new
               | alternative.
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | I don't really understand the point you're making. You
               | made an objectively false assessment of the original
               | comment.
               | 
               | > You can't accrue "vaccine resistance" as a catch all
               | thing by applying vaccines to everyone.
               | 
               | Actually, you can. It's just evolutionary pressure after
               | all, and that's something both bacteria and viruses are
               | subject to.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistance#Vi
               | rus...
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | Read more carefully. You can accrue resistance to a
               | specific vaccine. You cannot accrue resistance to
               | vaccines, generally. The rate of people taking the Flu
               | vaccine has no bearing on the efficacy of the Covid
               | vaccine (in terms of vaccine resistance).
               | 
               | Also, you have linked to a section on antivirals. These
               | are different from vaccines.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | > the Flu vaccine
               | 
               | There are many, not just one, for the different strains
               | of flu. The yearly shots include only a small subset, the
               | ones predicted to be most prevalent in the coming flu
               | season, because of manufacturing costs/limitations and
               | compatibility.
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | > You cannot accrue resistance to vaccines, generally.
               | 
               | You're the only one who suggested this, and I assumed you
               | knew enough to give your ambigious statement the benefit
               | of the doubt. I'm guessing your were confused due to the
               | misunderstanding about general-purpose antibiotics.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | They are in that the net effect is the same:
               | 
               | Antibotics make a given person more resistant to the
               | current version of the bacteria. Bacteria with a mutation
               | that survives against that antibiotic will then become
               | the dominant version because it massively out-competes
               | the rest.
               | 
               | Vaccines make a given person more resistant to the
               | version of the virus the vaccine was for. Viruses with a
               | "vaccine escape" mutation will become the dominant
               | version because it massively out-competes the rest.
               | 
               | Personally I think this is what happened with Delta. It
               | was first identified in Oct 2020, but didn't become
               | dominant until the vaccine rollouts, which it was better
               | able to survive against.
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | No this is not the same. Antibiotics kill bacteria,
               | across the board, indiscriminately. Bacteria can evolve
               | protection from antibiotics. It is not clear that this
               | will help out compete the rest. Taking antibiotics for a
               | minor cold can cause antibiotic resistance to appear in
               | OTHER bacteria unrelated to the cold.
               | 
               | Vaccines are specific to the thing they prevent.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | > Vaccines are specific to the thing they prevent.
               | 
               | Exactly. Have you not heard all the stuff about "vaccine-
               | escape" variants of sars-cov-2? This is what we're
               | talking about.
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | > Antibiotics kill bacteria, across the board,
               | indiscriminately.
               | 
               | That is not true. You're probably thinking of broad-
               | spectrum antibiotics, which are not the only kind.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antibiotic
        
         | vikramkr wrote:
         | The Antibiotic resistance issues were seeing are orders of
         | magnitude less problematic than the deaths caused by bacteria
         | pre antibiotics. And - the flu isn't 100% safe for non old and
         | non "weak" - no clue where you got that impression from. The
         | 1918 flu pandemic (the origin of the still circulating h1n1
         | strain) was among the deadliest pandemics ever exactly because
         | it was most likely to kill yound, healthy people
        
           | generalizations wrote:
           | The problem isn't the current state of resistance - the
           | problem is the growing state of antibiotic resistance. What
           | happens when the trend continues and we no longer have useful
           | antibiotics? Then we're right back to square one.
        
             | jccooper wrote:
             | But what does that have to do with vaccines?
             | 
             | An effective vaccine reduces antibiotic resistance
             | pressures, since fewer people are taking antibiotics.
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | They were drawing a comparison. Overuse of antibiotics
               | can lead to antibiotic resistance; and similarly, in some
               | cases we get similar results with antivirals.
        
         | awb wrote:
         | Do you agree with fighting deadly diseases through vaccination?
        
         | furyofantares wrote:
         | Viruses and vaccines are very different things than bacteria
         | and antibiotics, I'm not understanding why you think this is
         | applicable reasoning.
        
           | jjcon wrote:
           | If there is selective pressure preventing spread, mutation
           | would seem inevitable. Covid has mutated many times already.
           | The question is will the mutations this selects for make a
           | flu that is worse or will does it wall off all possible
           | mutations with 100% (or close to) certainty?
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | Mutations are inevitable no matter what. Many viruses
             | mutate extremely quickly, probably because they are much
             | simpler than a bacteria - that's why many vaccines stop
             | working in a matter of months. While you're right about
             | selective pressure giving preference to some strains, by
             | limiting the spread of a virus you limit its potential to
             | mutate since there are so many fewer viral particles
             | around.
             | 
             | For example if 100 people get sick vs 10, the number of
             | viral particles and mutations you can expect increases
             | tenfold and the risk of one of those mutations being
             | dangerous increases as well.
        
         | xcskier56 wrote:
         | "Harms 0% non-old and non-weak population" -- completely 100%
         | demonstrably false.
         | 
         | One of my friends older sisters, in her late 20's came down
         | with the flu at night, then in the morning didn't go to school
         | (she was a teacher) b/c she was sick. She went to the hospital
         | that evening and was dead before midnight from inflammation of
         | the heart caused by the Flu.
        
           | jjcon wrote:
           | That is heartbreaking for sure. I think OP is trying to say
           | or raise the possibility that the alternative could be much
           | worse on a population level scale. I certainly have the same
           | question but no background in this area to know myself.
        
             | di456 wrote:
             | OP is repeating misinformation and conspiracy theories.
             | 
             | We already have flu vaccines. The article is about a
             | different type of vaccine for the flu.
        
               | jjcon wrote:
               | I think there is a good faith discussion though to be had
               | about whether or not this could select for more deadly
               | traits, no? That is certainly my first uneducated but
               | good faith question that comes to mind after the past few
               | years we've all been through.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _there is a good faith discussion though to be had
               | about whether or not this could select for more deadly
               | traits, no_
               | 
               | In the history of vaccination, has this ever happened?
               | 
               | What _has_ happened is resistance to medicine. Vaccines
               | reduce the opportunity for pathogens to be exposed to
               | drugs by reducing the incidence and severity of illness.
               | 
               | It's fine to take time to make informed medical
               | decisions. But if your concern is resistance, vaccines
               | are a friend.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Not with humans, but it has happened in chickens.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marek%27s_disease#Prevent
               | ion
               | 
               | It seems to be related to "leaky" vaccines.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Interesting. Curious why we haven't seen a similar effect
               | with SARS-CoV-2 or the poliovirus.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | IIRC it took about 20 years to be apparent with Marek's
               | disease.
               | 
               | The polio vaccines aren't "leaky", but we are seeing
               | increasing problems with oral-vaccine-derived polio now:
               | https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-
               | news/item/2... - there are more cases of this than of
               | "wild" polio nowadays.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | onetokeoverthe wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | actuallyalys wrote:
       | The other challenge of a flu vaccine is getting people to take
       | it. This past year, just over half the population received a flu
       | vaccination [0]. But maybe a more effective vaccine would be more
       | appealing, so this vaccine might also address that part of the
       | problem. It's unclear whether from the part of this article not
       | paywalled, but if it eliminates the need for annual shots, that
       | would also help, too.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/flu-vaccination-
       | ra...
        
         | devmor wrote:
         | I kept putting mine off this year and just forgot about it. I
         | think that happens to a lot of people too - rather than just
         | outright refusal. It's one of those things you need to make
         | time for and just don't prioritize unless you're extremely
         | worried about it.
        
           | actuallyalys wrote:
           | Yes, I think this is part of it. I've certainly forgotten to
           | get the flu vaccine in the past.
           | 
           | Having vaccination programs in workplaces and other places
           | people visit often can probably help with that. Pharmacies
           | have begun to offer flu vaccines in the past 10 years or so,
           | which is great. Making all vaccines free to the recipient
           | would also make the choice simpler.
        
             | tssva wrote:
             | My employer has nurses on staff which used to give the flu
             | vaccine. Now that more people are remote and every
             | Walgreens, CVS, Walmart and grocery store with a pharmacy
             | gives them with no charge to those with insurance they have
             | stopped giving it at work. It was convenient to just take
             | the elevator a couple of floors and get the vaccine during
             | lunch.
             | 
             | They self-insure so it not only reduced time taken because
             | of illness but reduced their insurance costs.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | I get paid (by my insurance) $100 to get flu shot, and $200
             | to get an annual wellness exam, and $100 for an A1C test,
             | and $100 for a cholesterol test every year.
             | 
             | So I get at least $500 for spending 30min to go to a doctor
             | every year, which is all the incentive I need to remember
             | to schedule it (as simple as putting a yearly reminder in
             | my calendar).
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | It doesn't help that most people don't know that the common
         | cold and the flu are two entirely separate illnesses. Even if
         | they know they're separate, they usually think they're roughly
         | equivalent, which they're certainly not.
        
         | DominikPeters wrote:
         | It would be helpful for me if there was clearer public
         | communication about how recommendable the flu vaccine is in any
         | given year. It varies a lot because some years they've
         | correctly guessed the circulating strains and in other years
         | they haven't. I'm happier to get vaccinated in years where we
         | can expect (a) the circulating strains to be bad and (b) the
         | vaccine being effective against it.
        
         | sergers wrote:
         | I haven't had a flu shot consistently since 1994 in early
         | elementary school and then randomly decided to get 1 in 2006 as
         | my work was offering it
         | 
         | That's it.
         | 
         | Never had a the flu that I am aware of.
         | 
         | I would definately be interested if a shot that covered all
         | types, but not interested in taking something annually
         | personally for a what seems a highly remote risk of infection
         | so far never catching the flu (when even being around others
         | with it).
         | 
         | Is there any stats of people who had a flu shot but still got
         | the flu? I hear it's always the case of oh it's a different
         | strain spreading this season than the shot... Or majority of
         | people who say they have the flu it's really not
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | The point of a universal vaccine is that you don't have to take
         | it every year, since it protects against all variants.
        
           | azinman2 wrote:
           | I think we need to see how long the protection lasts. Many
           | vaccines need boosters after some period of time.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | Agreed!
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | The problem with the flu vaccine, just like the covid vaccine,
         | is that it just doesn't work very well. I'm confident that a
         | sterilizing flu vaccine that worked as well as MMR, Tdap,
         | polio, chickenpox, and various others would have considerably
         | higher uptake than the semi-effective mostly palliative shots
         | on the market today.
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | The biggest problem with the flu vaccine is that there is no
           | "the" flu vaccine. Each year there are attempts at predicting
           | the prevalent strains that year and producing a multivalent
           | vaccine targeting the most likely strains. Some years the
           | prediction is spot on, some it misses badly.
           | 
           | That is exactly what this attempt at a very broad coverage is
           | attempting to change.
           | 
           | The second problem is that this process makes it hard to
           | build up stockpiles to actually provide vaccines to everyone,
           | and so there's little incentive for any broad pushes to
           | increase update outside of specific groups of people.
           | 
           | If this attempt succeeds at getting coverage for a vaccine
           | that can stay the same for longer periods, then expect to see
           | attempts to distribute it more broadly and maybe even
           | attempts to eradicate some of the strains.
        
         | whateveracct wrote:
         | My in-laws refuse to get a flu shot. On top of refusing to get
         | Covid boosted despite only having the J&J. They say they don't
         | need it because they have good immune systems and never get
         | sick. Combined with living in a red state and general internet
         | nonsense causing them to not trust doctors anymore.
        
           | Firmwarrior wrote:
           | Hey, I can't seem to get a straight answer to this question,
           | I've been asking doctors for over a decade though
           | 
           | If everyone takes the flu vaccine and wipes out that strain
           | for the season, won't we just get a different strain of flu
           | circulating for the year?
        
             | LarryMullins wrote:
             | They already have to formulate a new flu shot twice a year
             | because of how fast the flu changes. And the efficacy of
             | the new flu shot each time ranges between 10-50%, so even
             | if everybody got the shot, it wouldn't stop the flu.
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | I am not a doctor, but my lay understanding is that this is
             | ones of the reasons why we have multivalent vaccines. "Let
             | the perfect not be the enemy of the good," etc.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | If we do, that'd be good news because it'd mean possibility
             | for consistently getting a better match with still extant
             | strains by the vaccines (each year there are efforts to
             | pick which strains to protect against based on prevalence,
             | any reduction in strains improves odds) and/or might make
             | it viable to produce and distribute a larger number of
             | simpler vaccines ("First, returning to vaccines with two
             | IAV strains and a B/Victoria strain could increase the
             | available doses for global distribution (from ~500 million
             | QIV doses to ~700 million doses of a trivalent vaccine9)"
             | [3]).
             | 
             | Note that there's a possibility that a couple of flu
             | strains _may_ have gone extinct due to reduced transmission
             | during covid [1] [2] [3], so we have a chance at getting
             | direct data on this over the next few years if those
             | strains don 't make a reappearance.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.livescience.com/flu-virus-types-extinct-
             | covid-19...
             | 
             | [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36177871/
             | 
             | [3] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-021-00642-4
        
         | gus_massa wrote:
         | 50% of everyone older than 6 months is a lot. Here in Argentina
         | the flu vaccine is only recommended for:
         | 
         | * Children between 6 months and 2 years
         | 
         | * People with more than 65 yea old
         | 
         | * Pregnant women
         | 
         | * Special cases, like other chronic illness
         | 
         | It's free for these groups. Other people can get it too paying
         | a small fee.
        
           | eftychis wrote:
           | Yeah the problem with vaccines is: either everyone takes them
           | or they don't work how people think they do.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | There's a small amount of epidemiological study that implies
           | that you save more of the very old and very young from the
           | flu by vaccinating school age children (age 5 to 12)
           | children. It makes sense-- they're a primary transmission
           | vector, and they mount a more robust response to the flu
           | vaccine than toddlers and elderly.
        
             | eftychis wrote:
             | There were similar guidelines approaches for COVID but
             | political pressure dictated otherwise.
        
         | epicureanideal wrote:
         | All vaccines have small risks. I've had family members get
         | lifelong painful complications from I think two different
         | vaccines, neither related to the recent ones. So it makes me a
         | little hesitant when I know that I'll survive the flu like I
         | have many times before.
        
           | namdnay wrote:
           | That's the thing isn't it? Is the risk of the vaccine higher
           | than the risk of a future flu? I strongly suspect it isn't
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | In my case, I had actual flue exactly once in my life. It
             | was super unpleasant, but no big deal and ended in exactly
             | one week.
             | 
             | I got flu shot three times and got sick with (not flu
             | ordinary sickness) right after three times and it took two
             | weeks to feel good after. I guess the issue is that I am
             | rarely entirely healthy during cold season and flu shot
             | pushes me over the line. Not really work it.
             | 
             | I would take it if I had reason to - like a relative with
             | super weak immune system or had to go to hospital whatever.
             | But other then that, it is not worth it.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | At least for me, the first several times I got the flu
             | shot, I had a fairly strong immune response; this is
             | probably good, but still two to three days of disruption.
             | The last couple shots haven't been so bad (or I also had a
             | covid shot at the same time, so who knows).
             | 
             | But after the first two flu shots it was: known couple of
             | days feeling sick plus very low chance of major
             | complication vs unlikely several days of feeling sick plys
             | low chance of major complication ... and there's a decent
             | chance of getting the shot, feeling sick, and then getting
             | the flu and feeling sick again.
             | 
             | Now that I've gotten the shot enough times that I don't
             | have a strong response, it's easier to just get it. The
             | very low chance of major complications with no family
             | history of such isn't enough _for me_ to worry about. But
             | the US has different policies on this intervention than
             | other countries, so reasonable people can differ, I guess.
        
           | adastra22 wrote:
           | You will survive the flu until you don't. In my early 30's I
           | got deathly ill from the flu. Not an expression: I was
           | delirious with a 104 fever for 4 days that would not go down
           | even with medication, and probably should have been
           | hospitalized. I'm lucky there was no long term effects.
           | 
           | I always get my flu shot now.
        
             | grugagag wrote:
             | I got the flu shot after which, about a month later, I got
             | a bad case of flu with symptoms similar to what you
             | described above. Flu shots may help but they may also
             | not...
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | The problem with the flu shots is that each year there
               | are attempts to predict which strains to vaccinate for
               | that year based on data on spread. You're reasonably well
               | protected against _those strains_ , but far less so
               | against any other strains that may or may not end up
               | being a significant part of that years wave, and so
               | indeed there's always a risk they won't help you.
               | 
               | That's exactly what this attempt at a universal vaccine
               | is trying to change.
        
               | LarryMullins wrote:
               | Flu shot efficacy is 50% _in a good year_. Many years,
               | the flu shot is much less effective than 50%: https://en.
               | wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_vaccine#Effectivenes...
               | 
               | Good odds the flu shot did nothing at all for you.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | ...and the point of this article is that it should be
               | good _every_ year.
               | 
               | It will be interesting to see whether it _also_ provides
               | better than 50% efficacy.
        
               | LarryMullins wrote:
               | > _...and the point of this article is that it should be
               | good every year._
               | 
               | That's their aspiration. Time will tell.
        
               | azinman2 wrote:
               | Then imagine if you hadn't gotten it.
               | 
               | There's also the chance that you got a variant of that
               | wasn't protected, hence the value of this work.
        
               | moonchrome wrote:
               | > Then imagine if you hadn't gotten it.
               | 
               | This is nonsense - like you said in the second part - flu
               | shots work on select strains - he could have a different
               | one at which point the shot was useless.
               | 
               | This argument (and similar) really sound like religious
               | beliefs ("believe science"). From what I've seen - if
               | you're 18-50 it's not worth getting.
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | If you still got the flu it doesn't necessarily mean you
               | got a different strain. Vaccination AND infection prime
               | your body to create long lived producers of virus
               | specific antibodies to provide many built in processes of
               | your immune system with immensely better targeting. This
               | process can take days during which your bodies immune
               | system will function but not at an optimum level.
               | 
               | Vaccination isn't a guarantee that you wont get sick.
               | Picture your body like Omaha beach on D-Day the more
               | boats landing the better the chances that the invasion
               | makes it past the beach no matter how well armed the
               | defenders.
               | 
               | If you are 18-50 the risk of the flu isn't very high but
               | the risk of the shot is comparatively microscopic. It's
               | still worth it on net and it decreases the chances of
               | infecting someone less healthy or older who as mentioned
               | before is imperfectly protected by vaccination alone. You
               | not spreading or as much is fewer invaders on their
               | beach.
               | 
               | Anyway I highly recommend "In Defense of Self"
               | https://www.amazon.com/Defense-Self-Immune-System-
               | Really/dp/... its a little old but well written and
               | comprehensible.
        
               | consp wrote:
               | > if you're 18-50 it's not worth getting.
               | 
               | There are plenty of people for whom is VERY MUCH worth
               | getting in those age categories. Don't generalize with
               | health.
        
               | moonchrome wrote:
               | True, should have said healthy in that age group.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | Still wrong.
        
           | olddustytrail wrote:
           | All flu have big risks. What makes you think you'll survive
           | the next one?
        
             | ithkuil wrote:
             | Because he survived the past ones and because of a anecdote
             | of close person showcasing a vaccine risk materializing.
             | 
             | Humans are not well equiped with intuition about objrctive
             | risk assesment
        
               | ThunderSizzle wrote:
               | What is objective in this case? The CDC records the
               | statistics for adverse affects, vaccine effectiveness,
               | etc., but they also have a financial and political
               | incentive for these stats to look good. If you use their
               | numbers for objectivity, it's already inherently
               | subjective based on the way they record metrics, and the
               | metrics they focused on. I saw this very plainly with
               | Covid case metrics.
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | But that's not the argument that was used as a start of
               | this thread. It was literally "I know somebody who got a
               | vaccine side effects and I know somebody (myself) who
               | survived many flu seasons without problems".
               | 
               | Sure, you're pointing out one mechanism that nudges
               | things the other way.
               | 
               | But there is also a strong psychological mechanism that
               | makes people fearful of vaccines no matter what.
               | 
               | What if this mechanism may cause people to use exaggerate
               | the effects of the various flaws/bad incentives you
               | pointed out?
        
               | azinman2 wrote:
               | What makes you say they have financial and political
               | incentives? They get funded whether you get the flu or
               | not, so that seems very hard to believe. They also aren't
               | tied to a standing in their ability to prevent the flu,
               | so what would be the political risk? And that's even
               | assuming the scientists behind it could be swayed by
               | politics in reporting of stats.
               | 
               | Big claims require big evidence.
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | I wonder why the anti-vaccine people can't crowd-fund
               | serious systematic studies about the phenomenon.
               | 
               | All what I see are citations of papers about this or that
               | detail and then use it as "proof!".
               | 
               | There are hundreds of millions if not even more people
               | who are fearful of vaccines and/or don't trust the
               | government/elites involvement in the research.
               | 
               | All they have to do is to hire a very large number of
               | scientists to do serious independent research.
        
               | politician wrote:
               | I'm not advocating for either position in this thread,
               | but surely you watched the CDC switch from one policy
               | position to another dramatically different position
               | multiple times during 2021.
               | 
               | They made decisions and rewrote those decisions within 24
               | hours due to political blowback not just once, but
               | multiple times. They might do good science, but they lost
               | any trust I had in their ability to set and execute a
               | coherent national policy.
        
               | Firmwarrior wrote:
               | Yeah man, the CDC probably knew the right path from the
               | beginning, but they lied to us and said not to use masks,
               | then they said it was OK to keep congregating so long as
               | we wash our hands.
        
               | LarryMullins wrote:
               | > _Yeah man, the CDC probably knew the right path from
               | the beginning, but they lied to us and said not to use
               | masks_
               | 
               | Your tone suggests sarcasm, but this claim is literally
               | true.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | The whole "don't trust someone unless they dogmatically
               | stick to one position" thing is quite a take.
        
               | politician wrote:
               | When you are responsible for setting policy for
               | 333,000,000 people, changing it a few hours later is a
               | disgrace.
               | 
               | They couldn't spend the time to get the feedback before
               | announcing the policy and then had to walk it back the
               | next day.
               | 
               | That's hubris. The fact that it happened multiple times
               | (masks, schools, full lockdown then "essential" workers)
               | is a national embarrassment.
        
               | osigurdson wrote:
               | I found the actual mortality risks here:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza#Epidemiology
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | osigurdson wrote:
             | >> All flu have big risks
             | 
             | Reference?
        
             | ThunderSizzle wrote:
             | And the flu shot is considered good if it's 30% effective.
             | From my personal experience this year, it has to be less
             | than 10% effective this year - I know many people who I
             | know had the flu vaccine get a flu-like virus this year.
             | 
             | Let's not pretend a flu shot stops the flu. It might. Or it
             | might cause problems. Or, in most cases, it does nothing
             | for better or worse.
        
               | jeromegv wrote:
               | Your argument would sound a lot better if you had any
               | source or documentation to imply that it does nothing or
               | make it worse. Personal anecdotes are not science.
        
             | LarryMullins wrote:
             | What makes you think a serial killer won't murder you
             | today?
             | 
             | It could happen, but you'd be a fool to worry about it.
             | Rational people round small risks down to zero and go about
             | their lives instead of aging themselves worrying about
             | every possibility.
        
           | nabakin wrote:
           | A friend's sense of taste has been permanently
           | changed/damaged after he was hit with the full force of covid
           | and he's young. It's not worth it.
        
             | grugagag wrote:
             | Wow, is it really permanent? I thought most people get it
             | back eventually. I lost and recovered mine after covid
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | Hard to tell if something is permanent. But the fact
               | remains that some people didn't get their senses back yet
               | despite getting first infected with covid years ago.
        
               | grugagag wrote:
               | I wasn't aware it's long lasting to permanent. That's an
               | awful way to go through life without smell or taste
        
               | nabakin wrote:
               | As of a month ago, my friend's taste hasn't recovered yet
               | or started to and he got covid in 2020
        
               | jeromegv wrote:
               | My cousin got Covid before the vaccine was available. She
               | has lost sense of taste since then. Everything tastes
               | like metal. She's now lost so much weight and missing
               | lots of nutriments because it's just really hard for her
               | to eat when everything tastes awful.
        
               | nabakin wrote:
               | Yeah that's exactly the situation with my friend too
        
       | sfusato wrote:
       | US went from 12 million flu shots in 1980 to almost 200 million
       | in 2020 [0].
       | 
       | Yet, the number of flu deaths from 1959 to 2016 have remained
       | constant (Fig. 1) [1].
       | 
       | [0] https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccine-supply-
       | historical.ht...
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-019-00809-y...
        
         | consp wrote:
         | So the population stayed the same as well?
        
         | belltaco wrote:
         | Population above 65 went from 100 million to 180 million.
        
         | susodapop wrote:
         | That makes sense to me. The population has increased since 1980
         | but flu deaths remain constant, which means a lower mortality
         | rate. Presumably there is some correlation between increased
         | flu vaccination rate and decreased mortality rate.
        
           | sfusato wrote:
           | The overall better care didn't improved as well though? Are
           | flu cases treated the same way today as 40 years ago? The
           | number of flu shots increased by a factor of x16 over a 40
           | year period. With these numbers I would've expected a serious
           | dent on the flu deaths graph regardless of population.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > The number of flu shots increased by a factor of x16 over
             | a 40 year period. With these numbers I would've expected a
             | serious dent on the flu deaths graph regardless of
             | population.
             | 
             | It went from negligible to about 2/3 the population, but
             | the population increased by about 50%. If the vaccine was
             | 50% effective in preventing flu deaths, and there were no
             | other changes (or if better care was exactly offset by
             | increased vulnerability due to aging population) you would
             | expect no change in total deaths.
             | 
             | Your intuition just looking at the multiplier on vaccinated
             | population just seems to be a bad intuition.
        
       | archsurface wrote:
       | I don't trust the pharmaceutical industry. I'll take the natural
       | sickness. My perspective has enhanced since seeing my covid
       | vaccinated colleagues regularly miserably sick, and the
       | unvaccinated merely suspect they might have had covid, but barely
       | noticed. I'm not convinced the industry are entirely clear on
       | what they're doing, only approximately. I understand psychiatric
       | drugs are similarly "seems to work, ish". I'm generally
       | unimpressed with the medical industry's progress.
        
         | Terretta wrote:
         | > _I 'll take the natural sickness ... unimpressed with
         | progress._
         | 
         | If we're going back in time, which would you prefer first:
         | measles, mumps, or rubella?
         | 
         | Polio's all natural too.
        
         | snshn wrote:
         | Perfectly said. Medicine is too new of a science, and it's
         | already corrupt beyond repair.
        
       | osigurdson wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza#Epidemiology
        
       | p1mrx wrote:
       | It seems that mRNA vaccines are becoming like antivirus software
       | updates: inject the whole "database" and your body scans for
       | currently-known threats. Does the immune system have a capacity
       | limit?
       | 
       | I wonder if the technology will reach a point where we can print
       | mRNA on demand. Could we build a database of bacteriophage
       | viruses that target various strains of bacteria, and use custom-
       | printed mRNA to produce the correct virus when someone has a
       | bacterial infection?
        
         | alphazard wrote:
         | It was concerning to see the mRNA vaccines associated with
         | myocarditis. It seems like that made the public unnecessarily
         | skeptical of mRNA as a technology. But my understanding is that
         | was a protein engineering issue that could have happened with
         | any vaccine technology and was not specific to mRNA as a
         | platform.
         | 
         | Are there any experts here that can confirm that is a
         | coincidence or explain why mRNA as a technology is more
         | susceptible to issues like that?
        
           | russdill wrote:
           | Myocarditis is a common immune reaction and not specific to
           | mRNA or even vaccines
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6786665/
        
             | russdill wrote:
             | Common is probably not the best word choice here.
        
             | alphazard wrote:
             | This is a case study of myocarditis after an influenza
             | vaccine. This single data point, or even the fact that this
             | is a possible immune reaction doesn't really speak to the
             | issue I'm asking about.
             | 
             | In the last few years a slew of COVID vaccines were widely
             | deployed without myocarditis as a complication. The Pfizer
             | and Moderna vaccines made headline news for their elevated
             | risk of myocarditis, and resulted in changes in vaccine
             | recommendations for certain demographics. Both were mRNA
             | based. Do they have other things in common, dosage,
             | proteins, preservatives, shelf lives? What else is similar
             | between them and different from the other vaccines?
        
         | warning26 wrote:
         | IIRC, "printing mRNA vaccines on demand" was pretty much
         | Moderna's original startup pitch. Their idea was to create
         | custom cancer vaccines for each patient.
        
         | keithwhor wrote:
         | We print RNA on demand already. There's a company called
         | Synthego that invented a lab-in-a-box to synthesize arbitrary
         | oligonucleotides in a machine that fits inside a server rack.
         | They use their technology to sell full genome engineering
         | solutions.
         | 
         | https://www.synthego.com/
        
         | ITB wrote:
         | This. I worry we will exhaust our genetic engines and
         | deteriorate our bodies by overuse.
        
           | grey413 wrote:
           | Well, worry not! Research suggests that the human body can
           | produce up to a quintillion unique antibodies _! A vaccine is
           | a drop in a solar-system.
           | 
           | _https://www.scripps.edu/news-and-events/press-
           | room/2019/2019...
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | The immune system has already been dealing with the problem
           | of finite resources for the past 500M years or so.
           | 
           | The biggest issue is that circulating neutralizing antibodies
           | take up a finite fraction of the blood. One of the reasons
           | why neutralizing antibodies fade over time is to literally
           | make more space for other antibodies. One of the reasons why
           | you need a boost of a vaccine at least 6 months after the
           | first dose is that somatic hypermutation takes time to
           | develop high affinity neutralizing antibodies that are
           | effective in much small fractions of the blood.
           | 
           | Even after that though neutralizing antibodies still tend to
           | fade and what is left is just the memory T-cells and B-cells
           | in lymph tissue. So the immune system naturally activates and
           | deactivates. But this is more like a book on a bookshelf. It
           | isn't really consuming "energy" and there's a massive amount
           | of them that are available.
           | 
           | You also need to be much more worried about all the naturally
           | occurring viruses and antigens that you're being exposed to--
           | including the ones that don't actually get you sick at all.
           | You're worrying about the sparring partners of a heavyweight
           | prizefighter "sapping their energy" and ignoring the real
           | opponents.
           | 
           | If you've read something about COVID and lympocytopenia
           | ("T-cell exhaustion") then that only happens in severe COVID
           | and shows up in autopsies and is studied as an indicator of
           | how mild (unhospitalized) COVID turns into severe life-
           | threatening COVID. The people who talk about that on social
           | media are literally ignorant idiots who don't know what
           | they're talking about.
        
         | russdill wrote:
         | The number of things your immune system knows about is
         | absolutely enormous and grows everyday. Vaccinations are a tiny
         | drop in the bucket
        
           | KRAKRISMOTT wrote:
           | No to mention that without boosting, immune memory fades over
           | time.
        
             | pc86 wrote:
             | This is a gross oversimplification.
             | 
             | Many things do not need any sort of boosting and you retain
             | lifetime immunity or near-immunity.
        
               | KRAKRISMOTT wrote:
               | Show me the literature, nothing has true lifetime
               | immunity. You get _close_ to lifetime immunity but the
               | curves will continue dropping.
        
           | jokowueu wrote:
           | This is a bit offtopic . Is it possible to wipe that memory?
           | Sounds like it would resolve all Autoimmune disease
        
             | poszlem wrote:
             | Well, we kind of do it during blood cancer chemotherapy. It
             | probably resolves some autoimmune diseases but also makes
             | you liable to dying of common cold.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | I believe one of the effects of measles infection is that
             | sort of wiping of immune memory. It's one of the things
             | that makes childhood measles so nasty.
             | 
             | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03324-7
        
             | alphazard wrote:
             | Many autoimmune diseases don't appear to be caused by
             | immune memory, at least alone. There is evidence for cyclic
             | inflammation by the innate immune system and also latent
             | inflammation from gut bacteria and their outputs.
             | 
             | What you are describing (bone marrow radiation) has been
             | used to treat Multiple Sclerosis. But diets (which
             | radically change gut bacteria) have also been used to treat
             | MS. So it's complicated, and it's possible for what is
             | currently considered a single disease to be a common
             | symptomatology for different root causes.
        
             | p1mrx wrote:
             | I think the HIV virus can do that, but there are a few side
             | effects.
        
             | influx wrote:
             | My understanding it they do something like this for bone
             | marrow transplants with radiation/chemotherapy. Hopefully
             | helps with Google searches, or someone coming to correct me
             | :)
        
               | rolph wrote:
               | yes they still do something like this, but its more like
               | yanking the memory modules out, and replacing them rather
               | than flush and zero.
        
               | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
               | Also notable that this is a beyond extreme treatment.
               | Incredibly stressful on the body, a method of last
               | resort. Through, it has had a few high profile success
               | stories.
        
         | yucky wrote:
         | > It seems that mRNA vaccines are becoming like antivirus
         | software updates
         | 
         | Uh...is this supposed to make us feel better or worse?
        
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