[HN Gopher] Solar panels reduced my electric bill in 2022
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Solar panels reduced my electric bill in 2022
        
       Author : iandev
       Score  : 275 points
       Date   : 2023-01-03 17:22 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (mattbruenig.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (mattbruenig.com)
        
       | deadcore wrote:
       | I've just installed solar & batteries (not 2 weeks ago we turned
       | them on!). Be interesting to see how things will unfold and I
       | love reading stories on how people have got on with theirs. It
       | was roughly ~PS12,900 installed (in the UK) and we pay
       | 32.596p/kWh & 42.290p/day standing charge...
       | 
       | Will either pay off well or be an expensive lesson
        
       | micromacrofoot wrote:
       | That's a pretty good return. I paid around $20k for my system
       | (parts and installation) and get ~$1700 a year out of it (I live
       | pretty far north). After tax credits and other state incentives I
       | break even in 7 years. Output is warrantied by the manufacturer
       | for 25 years (there's a schedule, but should still be 85% at 25
       | years IIRC). It's a great time to get solar if you own your home.
        
       | hnburnsy wrote:
       | Don't kid yourself that residential electricity prices have
       | tremendous price jumps every year. Nationally prices have
       | increased 2 cents per Kwh from about 2009 to 2021. That is a
       | 1.47% CAGR, CPI inflation was 1.55% per year over that same time.
       | 
       | https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/topic/7?agg=0...
        
       | plantain wrote:
       | Is this the normal price for a solar install in the US?
       | 
       | In Australia it's ~$7000AU (~$4000 US) for a system like this,
       | unsubsidized - then we have a 400$/kWh subsidy.
       | 
       | Our 10kW solar system was $4000AU installed, and the payback
       | period is 2-3 years...
        
       | nightski wrote:
       | Wow that is impressive! My electric bill in total is well under
       | $1000/year... We average about $60-$70/mo
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | Weird question and probably rare but what happens if solar array
       | is hit by lighting?
       | 
       | Are they insured?
       | 
       | Do they get damaged? Does the inverter/batteries get damaged or
       | is there likely a circuit breaker?
        
         | heythere22 wrote:
         | > Are they insured?
         | 
         | You are better off if you add them to your already existing
         | coverage for your roof. So probably yes.
         | 
         | > Do they get damaged?
         | 
         | You typically don't expect trees to fall onto your solar
         | panels. So where should any damage come from?
        
           | foobiekr wrote:
           | Hail.
        
         | bonzini wrote:
         | My installation has separate circuit breakers for the various
         | components (grid, home, backup that is on even if grid is off,
         | panels), plus some extra protection against overcurrent in the
         | inverter and batteries.
        
       | Proven wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | latchkey wrote:
       | If you're interested in learning a lot about doing home/campervan
       | installations, I highly suggest watching/reading everything that
       | Will Prowse has published.
        
       | bushbaba wrote:
       | I paid ~15k to install solar in 2019. After tax rebates it was
       | ~11k. I'm generating ~12MWh per year. My break even period is
       | less than 5 years.
       | 
       | I'm based out of California, and generate excess energy. My
       | electric bill is now just ~$100/year.
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | Do you have a battery or are the excess directly dumped to
         | grid?
        
           | bushbaba wrote:
           | Excess sent to the grid using the NEM 2.0 TOU-C rate plan.
        
         | mesarvagya wrote:
         | ~12MWh or ~12KWh ?
        
         | perfectstorm wrote:
         | if you generate excess energy, can you store it for a later
         | time when you need more energy (presumably summer time)?
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | While you wait decades for home battery storage technology to
           | improve, you can make a water battery in the meantime with a
           | few things from the hardware store.
           | 
           | https://hackaday.com/2021/10/08/power-your-home-with-a-
           | water...
        
             | AdamTReineke wrote:
             | This system only had enough power to run a small light,
             | IIRC.
        
             | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
             | You can buy a residential battery today that provides real
             | value. The limitation on batteries is for grid scale
             | supply.
        
           | gpm wrote:
           | > presumably summer time
           | 
           | Assuming you have batteries, you discharge and charge them on
           | a daily cycle, not a yearly cycle, to make the most
           | money/have the most benefit. There are predictable time of
           | day based troughs and peaks in the price that you can take
           | advantage of.
        
           | mrits wrote:
           | It's a lot more efficient to sell back to the power company.
           | I'd be more comfortable with having a dual fuel generator for
           | apocalyptic situations vs a bunch of batteries.
        
           | Rebelgecko wrote:
           | Some (all?) electric companies in CA do net metering, where
           | you can sell them your excess electricity at any time and
           | storage essentially becomes their problem.
        
           | pkaye wrote:
           | You would need batteries which are quite expensive at this
           | time.
        
             | mnw21cam wrote:
             | There are no sensible storage methods that would allow you
             | to store enough energy from summer to make any reasonable
             | contribution towards winter.
             | 
             | Batteries a great for powering your house for a few days.
             | Not really beyond that. Unless you buy a ridiculous amount
             | of batteries.
        
           | bushbaba wrote:
           | Why would I? I'm on NEM 2.0. The grid is my "battery". Every
           | KWh I generate that isn't used is sent back to the grid. In
           | exchange I get an IOU for the equivalent $/KWh price during
           | that time. This is the retail $/KWh which includes
           | transmission costs.
        
         | Dwolb wrote:
         | Have you experienced any grid power outages where your solar
         | panels saved your day?
        
           | cheald wrote:
           | Solar won't keep you online through a power outage. The
           | inverter is required by law to cut power from solar panels
           | when there is not power from the grid, so as to avoid feeding
           | electricity back into the grid lines (which technicians may
           | be working on!) - this is known as anti-islanding protection.
           | If you want to be online through a grid outage you need a
           | battery array.
        
             | CTmystery wrote:
             | From a circuit perspective, it seems trivial to open a
             | switch back to the grid to prevent grid-feed, while still
             | feeding the internal circuit that is the house. Can you
             | help me understand why this is hard?
        
               | zombielinux wrote:
               | The problem is that its not a DC connection to the grid.
               | 
               | Not only do you have to match voltage on re-connection,
               | but you have to match frequency AND phase.
               | 
               | Its "doable" but to do so reliably without a stable
               | reference can be challenging. That's why the DC
               | requirement is there. They want some form of reliable
               | power to well tested electronics to match phase and
               | frequency when the grid comes back up.
               | 
               | A heavily loaded AC line will drift in voltage and
               | frequency stability (say when your AC kicks on and browns
               | out your solar panels).
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | Xt-6 wrote:
             | It is possible to do this without battery, but you need
             | some special inverters, like the Enphase IQ8.
        
               | dymk wrote:
               | Not just that, but an ATS needs to be installed like the
               | Enphase Enpower. That's usually at least a few thousand
               | to have an electrician install.
        
           | bushbaba wrote:
           | No as I haven't lost power since installation. However during
           | a power outage I can configure the SMA inverter to detach
           | from my breaker box and operate a single 15Amp outlet
        
       | sedatk wrote:
       | One side benefit of solar for me was reducing cooling
       | requirements of the top floor, which I anticipated but didn't
       | expect it to be this significant. Expectedly but interestingly,
       | installing solar panels didn't make any difference, but starting
       | energy production did. Physics is fascinating.
        
       | aimor wrote:
       | This is interesting to me, I like reading people's experiences
       | with solar panels since I'm waiting for the price to make sense
       | for my own home. But as someone spending about $1,000/year, it's
       | just not there yet. My options seem to be: diy, 20-30 year roi,
       | find more ways to use electricity, or wait.
        
         | giantrobot wrote:
         | Residential solar changes the calculus for some appliances. You
         | can go with all electric appliances and have their use covered
         | by your solar. Same with EVs, your solar can offset your
         | charging costs.
        
         | isanengineer wrote:
         | > find more ways to use electricity
         | 
         | I'm not sure if you were serious with this comment, but for the
         | sake of other readers I wanted to point out this is a
         | legitimate strategy. Many people tend to pair solar with
         | installing mini splits, EV chargers, or some other home upgrade
         | that will offer value at the expense or a higher electric bill.
         | This can make the solar investment make sense where it
         | previously didn't.
        
       | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
       | I'm always surprised about the price of solar panels in the US, I
       | think we paid about EUR1.2/W. It's not like labor is cheap in
       | Belgium.
        
         | mnw21cam wrote:
         | It varies. A lot of solar installers will push the benefits of
         | microinverters or optimisers, because they can make your system
         | cope better with partial shading or panel failure. However, the
         | microinverters or optimisers are expensive, and can easily
         | double the cost of the system. They also have dubious merit,
         | because if you design your system properly in the first place
         | it will cope with partial shading and panel failure quite
         | happily anyway. However, selling the units makes sense for the
         | installer, because it's more money that passes through their
         | hands. Remember, the installers are not necessarily working for
         | your best interests.
         | 
         | You can buy panels off Amazon at about PS0.73/W. Add in the
         | various bits that you need to go along with it, and that
         | probably pushes it up to around PS1.10/W, if you're doing it
         | yourself.
        
           | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
           | Hmm, my parents also looked into micro inverters and while
           | they were more expensive it still was far from this price.
        
         | koyote wrote:
         | Australia is even cheaper, I paid around USD 0.6/W for my
         | system (including subsidies, it's closer to USD 1.0/W excluding
         | subsidies). Break-even will be in around 3-4 years.
         | 
         | I noticed (by following the solar sub-reddit) that almost every
         | single US install has either Enphase or Solaredge inverters
         | (which happen to be on the pricier side). I am not sure if
         | that's an indication for the lack of competition but surely
         | this seems like an industry where disruption is possible?
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | Is that the subsidized (ie, including tax rebates) price, or
         | the raw cost?
        
           | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
           | There are no tax rebates here, cost including tax and labor.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | The US also bans a lot of Chinese solar panels, which are the
         | cheapest on the market.
        
         | rhn_mk1 wrote:
         | Surely you mean 1.2 Eur/W?
        
           | CorrectHorseBat wrote:
           | Yes, fixed.
        
       | vanderZwan wrote:
       | My mom tells me she's practically been making money with hers in
       | the last years.
       | 
       | She had them installed when my parents were still running a GP
       | practice together in a small village. That was only a few years
       | before they retired though, so now half of the building is
       | basically storage space that's barely used and unheated (also no
       | sterilizing equipment in autoclaves, fewer fridges needed, etc).
       | She also has a solar water heater, she cooks with gas, and her
       | house is very well insulated. As a result of all this she ended
       | up producing more electricity than she uses.
       | 
       | However, she's also still on an "old" contract with her energy
       | provider that is quite beneficial towards her because they didn't
       | anticipate this scenario - this will likely change soon when she
       | has to renew it.
       | 
       | This is in the Netherlands, can't speak for other countries.
        
       | AndrewGaspar wrote:
       | Can somebody explain where the return on investment comes from in
       | residential solar? It just strikes me that if there was easy
       | money to be had on solar installations, we'd just get tons of
       | utility scale solar installs (which would likely by more capital
       | efficient) and my utility bill would over time converge on the
       | expected total utility bill for a home with residential solar. Is
       | it just because we're in that transitional period where utility
       | scale solar _is_ being installed, but in the mean time
       | residential solar install internalizes the savings to your own
       | residence? Or is it because most of the testimonials are hiding
       | the ball a bit (only net savings reported due to buyer's remorse,
       | etc.)? Or is it because government subsidies for residential
       | solar are distorting the true capital cost, and thus
       | profitability, of solar at scale?
        
         | rr888 wrote:
         | Because with net metering you can generally sell at a much
         | higher price than the wholesale rate. It was a loophole that is
         | now going away.
        
         | shawndrost wrote:
         | Residential solar reduces retail power costs @ $0.30/kWh,
         | whereas grid-scale solar supplies wholesale power @ $0.02/kWh.
         | (Representative figures from California.) NEM (net energy
         | metering) amplifies this effect.
         | 
         | If you look at a system-cost ROI analysis, the difference
         | between residential and grid-scale is that the latter requires
         | more transmission lines and provides fewer jobs (which is a key
         | part of the political economics), but residential solar comes
         | out looking very bad.
         | 
         | Explicit subsidies -- which pay a part of residential solar
         | capital costs -- are a much smaller force.
        
         | phh wrote:
         | I would say most people can't afford 25k$ investment cost for
         | something relying on governmental decision that can change on a
         | whim
        
         | manimino wrote:
         | Utility-scale solar is far more efficient than rooftop solar.
         | With rooftop, the panels face whatever direction the roof does.
         | But utility solar fields have panels that rotate to face the
         | sun.
         | 
         | Considering that power generation depends on the cosine of the
         | angle between the sun and the panel - angle matters a LOT.
         | Efficiency falls off fast if your angle is bad.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | This should be at least somewhat offset by the fact that you
           | generate power approximately where it is consumed, so the
           | grid doesn't have to grow as much. Turns out it isn't so
           | simple due to peak demand vs peak production etc but still. I
           | wouldn't have a problem with plastering PV on half of Nevada.
        
         | walnutclosefarm wrote:
         | To be fair, there is a lot of grid scale solar (and wind) being
         | built, largely because they are the cheapest way to add
         | generation capacity right now. But they are not a simple
         | pluggable replacement for gas, coal, or nuclear, because they
         | deliver power to the utility grid when the weather dictates
         | power is available, not when the utilities demand dictates they
         | need it. Utilities struggle once the fraction of their power
         | supplied by these "interruptible sources" gets over 1/4 or so
         | of their total generation base. As far as I know, the only
         | regional-scale grids that have gone completely to renewables
         | are Tasmania and Iceland. South Australia is not far behind,
         | and Scotland not far behind them. But each has special
         | circumstances that make it an easier lift. Tasmania and Iceland
         | have abundant hydro and geothermal, which are ideal complements
         | to interruptible renewables, because they can be quickly
         | throttled up and down as required, as the interruptibles wax
         | and wane. South Australia has highly reliable sunshine and
         | wind, and so have been able to bridge the stochasticity of
         | these with relatively manageable sized batteries (and a couple
         | of flywheel installations to provide very short term momentum
         | based frequency control). Scotland has highly reliable wind,
         | and is headed in the same direction as South Australia.
        
         | jasonpbecker wrote:
         | We are getting tons of utility scale solar:
         | 
         | > Utility-scale solar power generation in the U.S. is surging.
         | This year, almost half the 46.1 gigawatts (GW) of generating
         | capacity added to the grid will be solar, according to the U.S.
         | Energy Information Administration, and solar has contributed
         | more than 30% of all new capacity in five of the last six
         | years.
         | 
         | https://news.sap.com/2022/11/the-take-utility-scale-solar-su...
         | 
         | Residential solar has no complexity for siting, transmission
         | infrastructure, takes different skills to install, and let's
         | relatively wealthy people move fast.
        
         | theptip wrote:
         | > we'd just get tons of utility scale solar installs
         | 
         | This is happening, in a big way: https://emp.lbl.gov/utility-
         | scale-solar/
         | 
         | The main limitation AIUI is grid interconnections, i.e. there
         | are a lot of projects in the backlog that can't be built until
         | the utility approves and prepares for it.
         | 
         | https://emp.lbl.gov/queues
         | 
         | > The lists of projects in this process are known as
         | "interconnection queues". The amount of new electric capacity
         | in these queues is growing dramatically, with over 1,400
         | gigawatts (GW) of total generation and storage capacity now
         | seeking connection to the grid (over 90% of which is for zero-
         | carbon resources like solar, wind, and battery storage).
        
         | BrentOzar wrote:
         | > Can somebody explain where the return on investment comes
         | from in residential solar?
         | 
         | During the run-up on housing prices over the last couple of
         | years, there was a belief that an _owned_ solar system would
         | raise your house 's sale price in much the same way that a
         | kitchen or bathroom renovation would.
         | 
         | Couple that with the supply and labor constraints, which made
         | it hard to get the panels, battery, and installers you wanted
         | in a timely basis - that raised the perceived home value yet
         | again, because if you wanted to add your own solar later, it
         | wasn't seen as easily doable.
         | 
         | I don't know that the ROI was ever great, but with both of
         | those factors gone today, it's worse than it ever was. (Source:
         | shopped for homes in 2020-2021, bought in 2022, tried to get
         | solar installed, ROI made no sense.)
        
       | foobarian wrote:
       | I have a pretty ideally angled roof near Boston and was
       | considering a solar setup. However as far as I can tell we won't
       | get paid for excess generation in any given month, so since we
       | don't really use much electricity it seems this is not a good
       | investment. Are there any common updates possible to take
       | advantage of the excess power? Before ETH switched to POS I
       | thought about mining crypto... otherwise we could switch to
       | electric heat but that is a huge outlay.
        
         | Someone1234 wrote:
         | > otherwise we could switch to electric heat but that is a huge
         | outlay.
         | 
         | You can walk into any major retailer, buy a space heater, and
         | plug it into any outlet in your home. Keep in mind that your
         | gas furnace is turned on/off using a thermostat and temperature
         | setting, so if you reduce the set-point e.g. 1 degree, and then
         | either locate the coldest parts of your home or areas you want
         | to prioritize (e.g. livingrooms/bedrooms), you can then target
         | space heaters into that location to offset the savings from
         | gas.
         | 
         | In terms of deployment heating or cooling, electric heat is the
         | cheapest and easiest. You're just thinking that it must be
         | whole-home or nothing, which isn't the case, you can reduce
         | your whole-home and spot-heat as needed.
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | Sure but I don't want a bunch of random space heaters around
           | the house. Regardless of whether they are safe or not it's a
           | waste of space if there is an existing central heating
           | system.
        
             | Someone1234 wrote:
             | What about Electric Baseboard Heaters instead? They don't
             | take up space like a freestanding space heater does.
        
               | foobarian wrote:
               | That's one of the options I've been considering. Another
               | is to switch to heat pumps instead of natural gas
               | burners, which has the benefit of being drop-in for the
               | existing furnace.
        
       | jackmott42 wrote:
       | My parents had panels installed on their house, it is a large
       | single story house in Austin, Texas, which is pretty ideal (more
       | surface area for panels, less volume inside vs two story). No
       | trees in the way either. They haven't had to pay anything for
       | electricity yet. And that is with an EV charging in the garage.
       | 
       | We have panels on our roof, a two story house, also in Austin
       | Texas, not so lucky as my parents. With the area maxed out we
       | still have to pay for about 25% of the electricity we use.
        
         | jjeaff wrote:
         | It sounds like they have a good net energy metering plan that
         | is crediting them for their solar being put back to the grid.
         | (So they don't have to pay for charging the electric car in the
         | evening when solar stops working) I wonder if Texas is working
         | to walk that back like California is right now.
        
           | scarby2 wrote:
           | almost certainly. Net metering is ultimately unsustainable.
           | Realistically we should be paying homeowners wholesale
           | electricity rates + an amount to cover transmission savings +
           | whatever incentive we decide on for the energy they produce
           | (along with time of use based consumption charges).
           | 
           | This would likely incentivize storage, and could be extremely
           | valuable with V2G technologies that are incoming.
        
             | jackmott42 wrote:
             | Agreed, incentivizing storage right now is a great idea
             | because there are many creative ways to get it done. From
             | used EV battery packs to EVs that can run the power both
             | ways, and who knows what else people will think of
             | depending on their location and skills.
        
           | bgentry wrote:
           | I'm in the Austin suburbs on Pedernales Electric Coop (not
           | Austin Energy as in the city proper). In 2022 they switched
           | away from net metering to a scheme that pays just over 50% of
           | the cost for power returned to the grid. So I now pay
           | $0.090337/kWh for power consumed from the grid, and am
           | credited only $0.05377/kWh for power returned to the grid.
           | 
           | https://www.pec.coop/your-service/distributed-
           | generation/int...
           | 
           | This has changed the payback equation quite a bit. I'm now
           | incentivized to do everything I can to use the power I
           | generate rather than returning it to the grid, whether
           | running more A/C during daylight, running laundry during the
           | day, or storing it on my Powerwalls for using off hours.
           | 
           | Although the payback equation doesn't really make sense
           | anymore, we're still happy with our decision to install solar
           | + powerwalls because we can run the A/C as much as we want
           | without feeling guilty, and also get a solid backup in case
           | of major storm events like the 2021 winter storms. We both
           | work from home and have an infant so keeping the house
           | comfortable is important.
        
             | manscrober wrote:
             | My parents in Germany are paying 0.50EUR/kWh this year. How
             | much does a typical household use in austin?
        
               | bgentry wrote:
               | Looks like the household average is ~1000 kWh/month, with
               | summer months being a lot higher.
               | 
               | https://austinenergy.com/about/reports-and-data-
               | library/data...
        
         | mrits wrote:
         | In Austin I'd like to see some studies on solar vs tree
         | coverage. My empirical evidence would suggest that great tree
         | coverage alone keep the inside livable on 100f+ summer days. On
         | my house without trees I could barely keep some of the rooms
         | cool.
        
           | jackmott42 wrote:
           | I would certainly never cut a tree down to get more solar on
           | my roof, even if the math worked out favorably from a cost
           | perspective it just feels gross.
        
           | UmYeahNo wrote:
           | That makes me wonder if the installation of solar panels on a
           | roof act as "shade" similar to partial tree coverage in some
           | way, since in many cases they add a thin cushion of shaded
           | air between the panel and the roof. I wonder if that provides
           | any meaningful shade or temperature reduction.
           | 
           | Not making an argument either way, I just hadn't really
           | considered if this was a factor until I read your comment.
        
             | usefulcat wrote:
             | The shade from the panels does make a big difference in
             | summer, according to a friend of mine in Colorado who has
             | had panels for many years now.
        
             | boyter wrote:
             | It does. Not in Texas but Australia and one of he rooms
             | that got solar became slightly cooler after it was
             | installed on those very hot days.
        
       | isanengineer wrote:
       | I worked in the solar industry for years and this is a very good
       | summary of the residential install process from the customer
       | side.
       | 
       | I'll also second one of the main points of the author: do NOT get
       | a solar lease. Either finance it through a solar loan or pay
       | cash. A good solar company will not push you into a lease. If
       | they try, talk to someone else.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Why are the leases so problematic? If you don't have the funds
         | nor credit score to finance it, why not just rent out the roof
         | space so to speak? Any return you get from it is better than
         | nothing.
        
           | killjoywashere wrote:
           | We got a house in San Diego near the bottom of the last
           | market (2012) and I was a medical resident at the time with
           | two school age children. The previous owner had installed
           | electric everything (even had to get a larger trunk line run
           | and breaker panel). So our electric bill was a little nuts,
           | randomly hitting tier 3 pricing and landing $350+ electric
           | bills. For a household with negligible marginal income, that
           | was unpleasant. We had 0 capital to play with but switching
           | to solar was a no brainer. Even the lease is cheaper than
           | paying PG&E.
           | 
           | Would I do it that way again? Probably not. But I have more
           | wiggle room now.
        
             | forbiddenlake wrote:
             | So why wouldn't you get a lease now?
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | Also should be noted to get multiple estimates, even though
         | that's kind of common sense. I had them vary wildly, where the
         | most expensive one was literally twice as much as the cheapest
         | one.
        
       | KaiserPro wrote:
       | In the UK, I've had a battery plus solar for just over a year.
       | 
       | its a 5kwp set of panels and a 13kwhr battery. From mid march to
       | late November, we only drew from the grid once (that was because
       | we had a portable hottub setup, which took ~28kwhr to heat up.)
       | 
       | Its raining and january and december are shit months for solar,
       | well mostly because of the short days. December we were 45%
       | independent from the grid.
       | 
       | Currently we do not have heating or cooling from electricity. If
       | that were the case we'd need 10kwp plus more storage.
        
       | hippich wrote:
       | Any1 built their own battery-arrays? I am interested in solar in
       | part to avoid blackouts. But for that I will need batteries. And
       | my house being 100% electric, tesla's powerwall quickly becomes
       | expensive. On a first glance, using lead-acid batteries appears
       | to be straightforward, but I wonder what edge-cases and gotchas
       | others experienced with it. How much time is needed to maintain
       | it.
       | 
       | So far 10kW gas generator was able to power most of the house's
       | essentials before resistive heater kicks in in HVAC system (two
       | heatpump units, each has a 7.5kw resistive heater as a backup
       | when outside temperature drops too much.) But I would feel better
       | if I did not have to rely on availability of propane/gas and
       | clean roads during periods like 2021 blizzard in Texas.
        
         | punkrex wrote:
         | The DIY part of the solar market and now most none Tesla
         | options have moved towards Lithium Phosphate batteries,
         | particularly in rack mount format. They're denser and way
         | easier to handle then lead acid.
         | 
         | 30kwh of batteries is about $10k wholesale, and inverters run
         | about $1500, although most of the time you need 2 if you want
         | to supply 240v.
         | 
         | Sample system: https://signaturesolar.com/off-grid-
         | eg4-system-13kw-120-240v...
        
       | ShakataGaNai wrote:
       | My system generated 14.36 MWh in 2022, which comes out to roughly
       | $4,308 USD. The ROI is about 5-6 years for the system itself. But
       | a new roof was also in order.... so more like 10-12 years. Still
       | a great deal if you can afford to invest for the long term.
       | Especially with a 30 year warranty on most of the equipment.
        
         | koolba wrote:
         | > Especially with a 30 year warranty on most of the equipment.
         | 
         | Warranted by who exactly? A 30-year warranty from a company
         | that's been in existence for 2-3 years doesn't quite have the
         | same weight.
        
           | ShakataGaNai wrote:
           | Warrantied by the installer, whom has been around for more
           | than 30 years. Also warrantied by the OEM. Which is small
           | names like "Panasonic".
        
         | timerol wrote:
         | Another way to say that is that you installed solar panels and
         | they paid for your new roof
        
       | ars wrote:
       | "per-kWh price of electricity was around 25 cents"
       | 
       | This sounds like the total price of electricity, including
       | distribution. However my understanding of net-metering means that
       | you have to pay distribution fees to put your power on the grid,
       | so you don't get back the full 25 cents, only around half that
       | (the generation portion).
       | 
       | If the author of this post is on here, could you please clarify?
        
         | bcrosby95 wrote:
         | It depends on your state and the laws surrounding net metering.
         | Some will let you put it back into the grid at the full per-kwh
         | price, even if some of that is for distribution. California
         | used to, but they're rolling this back (I think old installs
         | are grandfathered in).
        
       | maerF0x0 wrote:
       | >Realizing that the solar company was in quite the pickle insofar
       | as repossessing the panels would require costly legal actions on
       | top of paying people to take out the system, I just waited on the
       | payment. They would contact me periodically asking me to make
       | payment and offering to help me get approved for a new loan. But
       | I just ignored all of that.
       | 
       | Seems pretty unethical tbh. The solar company delivered, but now
       | this guy is going to refuse to pay? Sure he did later, but not
       | without blackmailing them for $5k discount.
        
         | xenadu02 wrote:
         | The solar installer wanted him to eat the rate change due to
         | their own delay.
         | 
         | The discount was to offset that rate change.
        
         | pizza234 wrote:
         | Based on his explanation, the company has at least some level
         | of fault:
         | 
         | > my non-payment would not be a default because default is
         | defined by a breach of contract and no such contract existed.
         | Indeed, if anyone breached the contract, it was the solar
         | company by not installing in the six-month period.
        
           | maerF0x0 wrote:
           | but they did install it in the 7th month, and we see no real
           | hardship applied to the author, perhaps save for $200 per
           | month lost opportunity for savings (less interest applied,
           | would have to think that through more) ...
        
         | dml2135 wrote:
         | From my read, the solar company delivered late, causing the
         | original loan to fall through and requiring the homeowner to
         | refinance at a higher rate. Since that delay cost money it does
         | seem fair that the company should bear the cost.
        
           | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
           | Going from, say, 3% to 4% on a $20k 10-year loan would cost
           | him about $1100. He squeezed them for $5k.
        
             | maerF0x0 wrote:
             | Ok, so adding in another $200 a month lost opportunity (say
             | for 7 months. We're now at $2500... So I guess these
             | details are adding up, still not $5k, but the case for a
             | discount is definitely growing.
        
         | __derek__ wrote:
         | IIRC, the author is part of the so-called "dirt-bag left" so
         | that's just connecting theory and praxis.
        
         | throwaquestion5 wrote:
         | They took 7 months to install the panels. I'm sure times during
         | all that the OP thought if they forgot about him, called them
         | to ask for a installation date, etc.
         | 
         | As a way to curb any thought about undue wait time, the company
         | made a contract guaranteeing installation between 6 month after
         | signing. They didn't comply and the loan lapsed. Now the
         | company needed to negotiate a new contract with OP or go for
         | the legal route. There is nothing unethical about this.
         | 
         | The company had everything to lose going the the legal option,
         | with all the long terms procedures, paying money for a pay back
         | that may never come. They are probably grateful that OP just
         | asked for a discount instead.
        
           | maerF0x0 wrote:
           | > There is nothing unethical about this.
           | 
           | I dont consider strong arming someone due to your now
           | advantageous position against something you previously agreed
           | upon and reasonably similarly delivered (7 months instead of
           | 6, we're not talking about multiple years later here).
           | 
           | A similar ethical framework would allow someone in marriage
           | say "I quit my job, can get alimony from you, better do as I
           | say or I'm filing for divorce" -- It's all legal. Still
           | unethical.
        
             | throwaquestion5 wrote:
             | OP wasn't planning a devious plan here. The 6 month
             | contract seems standard from the company side. They shoot
             | themselves on the foot and the loan just got voided. OP
             | would be paying the company for nothing without a new loan
             | 
             | > (7 months instead of 6, we're not talking about multiple
             | years later here)
             | 
             | Maybe this is a disagreement based on past experiences, but
             | the most infuriating thing when working with home
             | contractors is chasing them around so they do they finish
             | their job. I get if this were business to business
             | transaction that are used to year long delays, but as a
             | person I find having a half finished ceiling to by a big
             | disruption in my daily life. Being fair OP didn't say
             | anything about having to fix their roof before installing
             | the solar panels, but having to put up with business delays
             | in your home projects isn't the most pleasant experience.
             | 
             | If we go to the ethical side of things, in this case the
             | company installed something without doing proper diligence
             | in their part. This could have been solved if they
             | presented a new contract in OP home when they went to
             | install the panels. Paying without a loan would have been
             | foolish from OP side, same if he paid it at the more
             | expensive 2022 prices. In fact OP would probably be forced
             | to do if they asked him about it before installing the
             | panels. This would be unethical from the company side:
             | delaying 6+ months the installation and proposing a more
             | expensive loan before installation.
             | 
             | Let's not skip the company trying to swindle OP to pay
             | without a proper contract by scaring him. Some of us may be
             | used to this kind of threats. Doesn't mean they are ethical
             | at all. They should have been upfront with the problem from
             | the beginning, not bullying people with scary letters.
        
               | maerF0x0 wrote:
               | > Let's not skip the company trying to swindle OP to pay
               | without a proper contract by scaring him. Some of us may
               | be used to this kind of threats. Doesn't mean they are
               | ethical at all. They should have been upfront with the
               | problem from the beginning, not bullying people with
               | scary letters.
               | 
               | If I understand correctly those only came after OP
               | refused to pay their bill.
        
             | marvin wrote:
             | Expand the argument to the economy as a whole, and it's
             | just the Prisoner's Dilemma. You'll get screwed by someone
             | else someday, the solar company will screw someone other
             | than you etc. I'll certainly agree it would be better if
             | everyone cooperated. Whether it's unethical depends on your
             | ethical framework.
        
             | EricE wrote:
             | > (7 months instead of 6, we're not talking about multiple
             | years later here)
             | 
             | So? Do you seriously think the solar company was ignorant
             | of the loan terms? Was this their first job and they just
             | didn't realize it?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mdorazio wrote:
         | Author definitely took advantage of the situation to force a
         | larger discount on the company, which I also consider a dick
         | move. However, the situation was complicated. The solar company
         | failed to install within the original timeline, so when they
         | did, the original approval on the loan was no longer valid. It
         | seems the interest rate went up during that time as well so the
         | author's new loan would have been more expensive to him/her.
         | 
         | The solar company messed up by not getting a new confirmation
         | of loan approval prior to installation, and the author then
         | leveraged that into a fat discount.
        
       | brianbreslin wrote:
       | Slightly off topic, but is there a service that would quote out a
       | new roof + solar install? We're waiting on doing solar until we
       | need a new roof as ours is ~9-10 years old, and not near EOL.
        
         | Jemaclus wrote:
         | You could consider getting a solar roof! I have no particular
         | expertise here, but a guy down the street from me got one, and
         | he loves it so far (~1.5 years into it).
         | 
         | Here's an article about it with a few vendors, including Tesla,
         | that might help: https://www.forbes.com/home-
         | improvement/solar/solar-shingles...
        
           | brianbreslin wrote:
           | from what I understand the tesla solar shingles aren't
           | hurricane code compliant in Florida yet. So the thing would
           | make the house uninsurable.
        
             | Jemaclus wrote:
             | Ah, fair enough! I'm in California so that's not a problem.
             | Dang. Hope you can find something good, then!
        
       | irrational wrote:
       | We had solar panels on our last house. Even in the cloudy PNW, we
       | generated enough electricity to cover 100% of our electrical
       | needs. And, the monthly cost of the loan payment was about $30
       | less than our previous cheapest monthly electrical payment.
       | 
       | Unfortunately our new house doesn't have a roof configuration
       | that allows for solar panels. I wonder if new home architecture
       | and alignment will change to make solar panels work better?
        
         | CTmystery wrote:
         | > Even in the cloudy PNW, we generated enough electricity to
         | cover 100% of our electrical needs.
         | 
         | I'm curious, was your heat and stove electric or natural gas
         | (or other)?
        
           | irrational wrote:
           | Our stove was electric. The furnace was electric, but the
           | water heater was gas.
        
       | ernestipark wrote:
       | I have a large 20kw system for an old leaky farmhouse and it
       | provides me about $6k in energy and credits a year.
       | 
       | I like thinking about it as a near guaranteed, medium return long
       | term investment that's good for the environment. Each year is
       | roughly 13% returns and I should get that for at least 20 years
       | or so.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | if you don't have net metering you should consume as much as you
       | can yourself, cook when the sun is out, run your washer / dryer /
       | vacuum / dishwasher and whatever else you have when you have
       | excess power and minimize during the times the sun is below the
       | horizon. 60% self consumption is doable without too much effort,
       | 70 is work and if you get to 80%+ please let me know how you are
       | doing that.
       | 
       | Also: the big trick to running of renewables is conservation
       | comes first, solar second and finally the grid as a fallback for
       | the remainder.
        
       | jksmith wrote:
       | The conversation here seems a bit binary. Maybe I missed a few
       | posts. The whole solar thing is not realized until cooperatives
       | de-grid in favor of their own local grids, along with an
       | arbitrage sharing model. That has the potential to to manage all
       | power needs (including electrical cars). It's a scaling issue
       | sort of in between entirely centralized and rugged individualism.
       | 
       | Of course the tech for this is a real threat for utilities, so it
       | wouldn't surprise me if they would go to any length to stop such
       | and effort. Same could be said for any deflationary tech like
       | micro reactors.
        
       | ravivooda wrote:
       | Does solar make sense for anyone in Seattle area?
        
       | mg wrote:
       | It's surprising that it's possible to produce electricity at home
       | for a lower cost than the wholesale price.
       | 
       | I can't think of any other commodity for which this is possible.
       | You couldn't make your own steel, bread or printer paper at home
       | and beat manufacturing at scale.
       | 
       | Why is electricity different?
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | Subsidies, primarily net metering.
         | 
         | With panels on your house the grid is still providing you a key
         | service, providing you with any power you need in excess of
         | what you produce, and sinking any extra for you. But with net
         | metering you only pay in proportion to your net usage,
         | effectively compensating you at retail rates for the power you
         | supply to the grid.
        
         | sbradford26 wrote:
         | Largely it is because you don't have to pay for delivery. It is
         | very similar to having a well. If the water is available at
         | your house already it is most likely cheaper to just pump it
         | versus paying someone to supply water to your house.
        
         | alexose wrote:
         | The short answer is delivery costs. And that's what makes this
         | current era of solar power so exciting, in my opinion! The
         | market is practically begging us for microgrids.
        
         | nightfly wrote:
         | The equipment needed is hardly cheap though.
         | 
         | And bread is a bad example, you can easily make that cheaper
         | than retail price at home.
        
         | NotYourLawyer wrote:
         | Subsidies?
        
         | bonzini wrote:
         | Because the cost of grid electricity includes the comfort of
         | having it 24/7. Solar is damn cheap, but you can rely on it
         | perhaps 10% of the time (0 hours in very cloudy days up to 4-5
         | hours a day in the summer). There is some way to do some
         | arbitrage even without net metering (charge your car during the
         | day, install batteries) but solar alone is _by far_ not enough
         | to leave the grid.
        
         | analyte123 wrote:
         | It isn't - other customers are paying for their ability to have
         | electricity when (and how much) they want it, via the net
         | metering subsidy. If you divide their cost by the lifetime
         | expected generation, you get 9-13 cents per kWh depending on
         | panel subsidy. This sounds great in California but isn't far
         | off from retail prices in some states. And the actual grid
         | "wholesale" price is usually far less than that except at peak
         | times or exceptional situations. You pay at retail to still
         | have power in those situations. With net metering everyone else
         | pays you that price for something you are not providing.
        
         | ars wrote:
         | Grid scale solar is half the price of home electricity.
         | 
         | Also about half your bill is distribution fees.
         | 
         | And, BTW, making bread at home is cheaper than buying it. Get a
         | bread machine, put in ingredients, wait a bit, and you have
         | bread.
        
       | sampo wrote:
       | Location is revealed only at the very end of the text:
       | 
       | > My residential-scale solar installation in New England
        
       | rektide wrote:
       | This was built by a solar company, not the author directly, but
       | the actual parts making up this system are pretty damned cheap.
       | ~$4200 in panels + $2000 inverter plus additional hardware
       | (mounting, cables, fasteners). Then labor costs.
       | 
       | Net output was 10,894 kWh, inline with a 20 year estimate of
       | 193,545 kWh. If we just divide $6200/193545kWh (ignoring
       | additional costs!!) that'd be $0.032/kWh.
       | 
       | One other data-point: daily output averaged to 29.8 kWh, from
       | this 7.56kWh array.
        
         | daniel_reetz wrote:
         | What are you using to estimate the raw panel cost?
        
           | rektide wrote:
           | The author linked the parts. The link to the Longi
           | LR4-60HPH-360M panels shows a $200 price (x 21). I had to
           | google for the inverter, a Solar Edge SE6000H-USS3, to find a
           | price ($2000 x 1).
           | 
           | > I ended up getting a 7.56 kW solar panel system consisting
           | of 21 LONGi panels[1] and 1 Solar Edge inverter[2].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.solaris-shop.com/longi-solar-
           | lr4-60hph-360m-360w...
           | 
           | [2] http://www.solardesigntool.com/components/distributeddcin
           | ver...
        
             | mnw21cam wrote:
             | There might have been solar optimisers in there as well.
             | They're one per panel, and they're expensive, but they tend
             | to be pushed by installers.
        
         | nkurz wrote:
         | > One other data-point: daily output averaged to 29.8 kWh, from
         | this 7.56kWh array.
         | 
         | This is useful information that is surprisingly hard to find:
         | if I install panels with a nameplate rating of x kW, how many
         | kWh will I generate per day? In Bruenig's case the multiplier
         | is just less than 4x.
         | 
         | The linked page provides a widely available map for "Peak Sun
         | Hours" (defined as average hours per day greater than 1000
         | W/m^2 of sunlight), but it's not immediately clear how this
         | relates to the multiple. In theory, you could figure out the
         | efficiency of the panels and their area, but this still doesn't
         | account for the actual curve of sunlight intensity.
         | 
         | Bruenig is (I think) in Connecticut, which according to the map
         | has 4.2 Peak Sun Hours, which is only a little greater the the
         | measured rated kW to kWh multiplier. Is it safe to assume that
         | the "Peak Sun Hours" is always slightly more than the
         | multiplier? Or is there a more better map somewhere that shows
         | this conversion directly?
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | > _if you use a 5 percent discount rate, 20 years of $2,677 of
       | annual electricity bill savings yields a net present value of
       | $33,361._
       | 
       | Yes, but with an 8% discount rate, the PV is $26,283. It's true
       | that the cost of electricity will probably rise over time, as he
       | notes. But current interest rates make this a much less
       | attractive proposition from a financial perspective (that is,
       | assuming you don't care about solar generation for environmental
       | reasons). The homeowner takes on significant risk, and the gain
       | is not all that great. Your panels can be destroyed by hurricane,
       | earthquake, or falling trees, rendering them worthless, for
       | example.
       | 
       | I'm not saying this isn't worth doing, just that the financial
       | calculations seem a bit flawed in today's economic environment.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > Your panels can be destroyed by hurricane, earthquake, or
         | falling trees, rendering them worthless, for example.
         | 
         | That's what homeowners insurance is for.
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | Good point! I guess I view panels as being especially
           | vulnerable because of their fragility and exterior location.
           | 
           | I've also heard that one way to get booted from your
           | homeowner's insurance is to ever file a claim. I know several
           | people who lost coverage after their first claim (decades
           | after becoming a customer).
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Anecdotally, I know plenty of people who've filed claims
             | without repercussions. Rates might go up a bit, though.
             | Your friends might consider contacting their state's
             | insurance regulator.
        
       | Nathanael_M wrote:
       | Does anyone have any detailed, up-to-date resources for personal
       | solar use? I'd love to learn more, in particular the
       | cost/output/lifespan progress by time. Last time I checked in my
       | area it seemed that you didn't quite break even, but that was a
       | while ago and my understanding was/is very limited.
        
       | RivieraKid wrote:
       | Electricity from utility solar (large power plants) is about 2x
       | cheaper than electricity from residential solar if you don't
       | count subsidies.
       | 
       | So residential solar really doesn't make a lot of sense to me on
       | a societal level, assuming blackouts are rare.
        
       | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
       | > The unsubsidized all-in price for buying and installing the
       | panels was $25,525.43... after counting this $6,636.61 tax
       | credit, the subsidized price was $18,888.82
       | 
       | Looks like a 7 year return on investment after subsidies, 10
       | years without.
        
         | atonalfreerider wrote:
         | I'm not affiliated, but Solar Wholesale is a DIY that can be
         | 1/4 the cost of hiring a contractor:
         | https://www.solarwholesale.com
         | 
         | Even the wiring is DIY. Most people think this requires a lot
         | of skill, but you are just adding an input to your panel board
         | on your house.
        
           | czbond wrote:
           | Thank you so much for mentioning this. Their offering looks
           | compelling and interesting.
        
           | dymk wrote:
           | I enjoyed working with Solar Wholesale, and they got me off
           | to a good start. But there is a pretty significant markup
           | even when considering they're giving you a "wholesale" DIY
           | kit. I was quoted ~$35k pre-incentive for my project.
           | 
           | Also, be sure to do your own roof measurements when you look
           | over their proposals. For my project, they used fairly
           | inaccurate aerial/sat photos, which got the shape of my roof
           | entirely wrong. Had I accepted their offer, I'd have ~33% too
           | many panels / racking that wouldn't fit on the roof.
           | 
           | I ended up sourcing all the materials myself. I got much
           | nicer inverters (1:1 Enphase IQ8+) and PV modules (455W LG
           | bifacial) than what they were offering (2:1 APSystems
           | inverters, 355W Bluesun panels).
           | 
           | The real kicker: I had enough budget left over to _have a
           | professional solar installer install all the panels for me_ ,
           | so I'm not the one that has to get on my steep roof, plus I
           | have a warranty on the worksmanship of the installation. Pre-
           | incentive, I'll have spent about $24k on my self-sourced
           | version.
           | 
           | At some point I'll write up a blog post about the whole
           | process - parts selection and sourcing, finding an installer,
           | permitting, etc. It's really not that hard.
        
           | avgDev wrote:
           | I would love to DIY but that website is a complete turn off
           | for me.
           | 
           | In my opinion, a good DIY solar company site would have
           | transparent pricing and ability to buy components. I
           | understand there are variations in installations and pricing
           | may be different, but they should have a pricing catalog.
        
             | prettyStandard wrote:
             | What's so wrong with the website, that you wouldn't take
             | 75% off?
        
             | dymk wrote:
             | What's wrong with the website? You submit your address,
             | within a short period of time a human looks at your rooftop
             | using aerial photography, and sends you a quote.
             | 
             | I used them in the past, and they were fine to work with. I
             | still ended up sourcing all my own equipment (saved an
             | additional 50% from what they were quoting me, for a better
             | system), but they're not secretive about what they'll send
             | you.
        
           | Dries007 wrote:
           | Unfortunately where I live (Belgium), this kind of options
           | result in a disqualification of any subsidy. They always
           | require that the install is done by a pro with some
           | certificate (even though DIYing electrics is actually legal
           | here).
           | 
           | I understand that there are reasons for this, but as someone
           | with the qualifications but not the certification, I hate
           | that I have to pay someone else to do things like this.
        
             | jwineinger wrote:
             | If the DIY discount (minus your time and risk) is greater
             | than the subsidy, then doesn't it still makes sense to DIY?
        
           | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
           | Is this for 100% detachment from the grid? Otherwise you need
           | to add cutoffs so you don't kill a lineman, right? Is that a
           | DIY thing?
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Different states have different rules but in some states
             | you can just put a new breaker in your box that connects
             | the solar output to the rest of your house and a mechanical
             | interlock (literally a stamped piece of metal) that
             | prevents both the main breaker and solar breaker being
             | closed at the same time.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | Ah, OK, so that would work for the "simple" systems, but
               | not the ones where you can feed power back into the grid
               | and get a credit.
        
               | dymk wrote:
               | For those you need an automatic transfer switch (ATS),
               | such as the Enphase Enpower. Such devices contain
               | circuitry to automatically manage disconnecting your home
               | from the grid, so you 1) maintain power in the home (at
               | least on the critical circuits you decide on), and 2)
               | don't island your home (so linemen don't die).
        
           | DeRock wrote:
           | https://projectsolar.com is another DIY-able option, where
           | they help with the permitting, etc.
        
             | ars wrote:
             | It's nice they give you an instant quote, but they don't
             | give enough info for me to be willing to take the next
             | step.
             | 
             | Basic things like:
             | 
             | What is the physical size of the quoted panels?
             | 
             | The KW rating they give, is that actual power delivered, or
             | rated power?
             | 
             | If rated power, how much actual power would they expect
             | given my geographical location, and angle of roof.
             | 
             | How much of the roof are they covering?
             | 
             | They want $100 for the next step - presumably I would get
             | those answers then, but I'm not willing to risk $100
             | without knowing more.
        
         | whycombagator wrote:
         | I never usually see it factored in as a cost but if a roof is
         | replaced or a leak forms under the panels (or a panel) then the
         | cost of removing/re-installing the panel(s) surely isn't free.
         | So that cost should also be included
        
           | 1123581321 wrote:
           | There is typically a ten year warranty on the installation
           | that covers leaks. An installer checks for roof age as part
           | of qualification so you don't put panels on a roof that will
           | age out before the panel warranty (typically 20 years,
           | sometimes 25.)
           | 
           | Roof leaks that are accidental are covered by insurance, and
           | the work to remove or replace the panels is part of that.
           | Typically you adjust your home insurance coverage by the
           | value of the panels when you install them to make sure
           | everything's covered.
           | 
           | That just leaves the chance that the installer work will be
           | good enough to make it ten years but not twenty, and the
           | insurance won't cover the damage. I don't know the odds of
           | that. It seems like it would be infrequent, but what numbers
           | do you use?
        
           | manimino wrote:
           | Cleaning panels also needs to happen periodically. That cost
           | can be in the thousands, especially if your roof is hard to
           | access (e.g. high off the ground).
           | 
           | There are so many ways a rooftop solar installation
           | investment can turn against you. If regulations change, your
           | net metering goes away. If electricity prices drop, your ROI
           | goes negative.
           | 
           | Rooftop solar is a fun enthusiast project, but it's a lousy
           | use of solar panels. Community solar or utility solar
           | projects are far better for homeowners. And for the
           | environment.
           | 
           | The only reason people do it is that there are artificial
           | incentives; it's not actually efficient in reality.
        
             | david422 wrote:
             | I have rooftop solar - and eventually I will need a new
             | roof - which will require taking the solar panels off and
             | then mounting them back on again - labor costs.
             | Additionally the inverter will fail at a certain point and
             | that is not cheap. Given some ballpark estimates, I do feel
             | like it could simply be a wash financially.
        
         | conjecTech wrote:
         | Sounds great to me. Especially considering you aren't paying
         | any taxes on your returns when they come in the form of
         | deferred costs. That's equivalent to a pre-tax return in the
         | mid-teens. You won't find that in most asset classes these
         | days, and definitely not with the risk profile of solar.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jjeaff wrote:
           | Especially considering most modern panels are expected to
           | still have a good amount of life left in them after 25 years.
           | (80% or more}
        
             | pkulak wrote:
             | AND considering that replacing only the panels has to be
             | far cheaper than the initial installation, if they do drop
             | too much in 25 years. So long as your roof is still okay, I
             | suppose.
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | Just bake new panels into the cost of a new roof. It's
               | probably time for both after 25 years.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Eh? My crappy roof was installed in 1945 and has some
               | life left.
               | 
               | What sort of roofing lasts 25 years?
        
               | pokeymcsnatch wrote:
               | Afaik shingle roofs (common in US) need replacing every
               | 10-20 years.
        
               | kibwen wrote:
               | I actually wonder how solar panels reduce the rate at
               | which a roof deteriorates. The panels themselves should
               | bear the brunt of the light and rain that the shingles
               | below them would otherwise endure, but on the other hand
               | the panels don't cover the entire roof, so maybe at best
               | you'd need to replace less of the roof but on the same
               | schedule.
        
               | pokeymcsnatch wrote:
               | Yeah, that makes sense to me. I don't know the specifics
               | of shingle deterioration, but just having them physically
               | shielded from light and precipitation has got to
               | drastically improve their lifespan. That's a good point
               | about only part of the roof being protected though.
        
               | encoderer wrote:
               | Asphalt singles
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Is there a reason that corrugated iron, concrete tile or
               | similar aren't used? They last near indefinitely if
               | looked after, and a hell of a long time if not looked
               | after.
        
             | Nathanael_M wrote:
             | Sorry, life after 25 years? That's WAY higher than I
             | thought. That's incredible.
        
               | Filligree wrote:
               | Generally you can find the degradation curve in their
               | datasheet, and yes, 80% after 25 years sounds possible.
               | IIRC they fade faster with time, so it might be 50% after
               | 50, but ... that's still pretty good.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | I don't see anything in the NREL data that suggests panel
               | degradation accelerates. Most of the panels in their data
               | have higher initial degradation, then less in subsequent
               | years. This LG panel seems to be getting stronger as it
               | ages:
               | https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/81172.pdf#page=28
        
               | tekno45 wrote:
               | you'll need to supplement with some new panels to account
               | for the loss, but each new panel is more efficient than
               | the one you're "replacing"
        
               | xenadu02 wrote:
               | This is standard now. My REC Alpha Pure Black 400 panels
               | are warrantied for 92% at 25 years.
               | 
               | The degradation is about 0.25%/yr. Assuming no
               | exponential drop-off it would take >50 years to hit 80%.
               | 
               | Essentially no one has had to replace their panels due to
               | degradation losses as of yet (since the vast majority of
               | panels have been installed in the past ~30 years).
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | The idea that PV panels become trash in a decade is a lie
               | promulgated by oil companies. According to NREL,
               | reputable panels degrade as little as 0.1% per year,
               | which means they will still be above 90% of rated output
               | after 100 years. The trashiest panels NREL has tested
               | degrade at 1.1% per year which would put them at 75%
               | rated capacity in 25 years.
               | 
               | https://www.nrel.gov/pv/lifetime.html
        
               | Nathanael_M wrote:
               | This is very exciting. Does this mean the biggest
               | continuing expense would be batteries if you wanted to
               | self-sustain with solar?
        
         | frankfrankfrank wrote:
         | That is technically true, but why is no one asking how and why
         | his electricity bill is $223 at minimum, plied higher since the
         | bill was only reduced by that amount.
         | 
         | Also, "subsidies" are really just a quaint term for "made the
         | working and lower middle class that can't pay for such
         | exorbitant luxuries pay for it through taxes and inflation".
         | 
         | I'm always a bit confused if seemingly otherwise smart people
         | simply don't understand something so basic, or if they simply
         | just ignore and don't want to acknowledge it as if that changes
         | the fact.
         | 
         | Guess who else gets subsidies; someone who buys goods out of
         | the truck of a car ... wow, such a great deal.
         | 
         | Would anyone like to subsidize my next restaurant visit by
         | paying for my entree? No? But making someone unknown working
         | class person pay for my $25,000 solar install through inflation
         | is ok?
         | 
         | How about we all just pay for the things we want I stead of
         | making others pay for it? It's immoral and evil, whether you
         | call it subsidies or something else.
        
           | malfist wrote:
           | Perhaps instead of being angry that people are using taxes
           | that come from the working class, instead you should ask why
           | the wealthy aren't paying their share of the taxes?
           | 
           | And nobody pays for anything with inflation. That's not how
           | inflation works.
        
             | prottog wrote:
             | > instead you should ask why the wealthy aren't paying
             | their share of the taxes?
             | 
             | And what is the right share that the wealthy should pay,
             | and how wealthy should one be to be paying that amount? I'm
             | assuming it's some level of wealth above yours.
             | 
             | About half of the US doesn't pay any federal income tax,
             | and a little over a quarter pays no net federal taxes at
             | all, including payroll taxes. The labor force participation
             | rate hit its peak in the 90s and has been steadily
             | decreasing since then, with the last reading at 62.1%.
             | Perhaps you should ask why two-fifths of adults aren't
             | doing their share of the labor?
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | > Perhaps you should ask why two-fifths of adults aren't
               | doing their share of the labor?
               | 
               | Careful that you don't cut yourself with all those edgy
               | takes.
        
               | prottog wrote:
               | I say this without any snark or sarcasm: I welcome your
               | analysis on the matter, if you have thoughts to add. It's
               | inconceivable to me where this belief comes from, that
               | everything will be so much better if only the wealthy
               | paid their "fair share" of taxes.
               | 
               | Otherwise, I ask that you keep empty comments out of the
               | forum.
        
             | EricE wrote:
             | "And nobody pays for anything with inflation."
             | 
             | other than inflation canceling the debt of the
             | rich/government by moving to all of us.
        
             | claytongulick wrote:
             | "The top 1 percent paid a greater share of individual
             | income taxes (38.8 percent) than the bottom 90 percent
             | combined (29.2 percent)."[1]
             | 
             | How is that not paying their share?
             | 
             | [1] https://taxfoundation.org/publications/latest-federal-
             | income...
        
               | foobiekr wrote:
               | How much of the income and wealth did they capture?
        
               | bena wrote:
               | You're missing some "of"s.
               | 
               | It's the "top 1 percent of taxpayers". So the people who
               | paid the most taxes, paid the most taxes. They also made
               | 20% of the total income. Or roughly 2 trillion dollars.
               | 
               | So if you managed to make a lot of money but also managed
               | to avoid paying taxes on that money, you would not be
               | included in "the top 1 percent of taxpayers".
               | 
               | The bottom 50% of taxpayers only made 11.1% of the
               | income.
               | 
               | And that's the problem with all of this, there are ways
               | to slice the data to try and gloss over the very real
               | problem of wealth inequality we have right now.
        
               | jgeada wrote:
               | Well, given that the top 1% in the US owns over 43% of
               | all wealth (numbers as of 2011), and who by definition
               | are getting a bigger benefit from all the infrastructure
               | and protections of the system than everyone else, not
               | seeing how a 38.8% contribution of total tax income is
               | anything but a distortion favoring the wealthy.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_the_Un
               | ite...
               | 
               | Particularly since you carefully ignore that _income_ is
               | typically small fraction of the wealth of the 1%, most of
               | which is capital and which largely escapes taxation.
        
               | claytongulick wrote:
               | Do you have any sort of citation to back this up?
               | 
               | Capital gains tax is a thing, and in most cases that
               | capital is taxed multiple times through its "lifecycle".
               | The reason capital gains are taxed at a lower rate is
               | because we _want to encourage capital investment_. It 's
               | what makes things. Food. Jobs.
               | 
               | You're also following a flawed premise (many people do
               | this) that wealth is a finite pool, or a zero-sum game.
               | 
               | It isn't.
               | 
               | There's no upper bound to wealth creation. It's not a
               | limited pool. It's unlimited.
               | 
               | Wealth is created when a person, or group of people,
               | create a product or service that other people desire.
               | That's it. Anyone can do it, and successful people do -
               | through a combination of work, opportunity identification
               | and luck.
               | 
               | The ideology I see behind "wealth inequality" in the U.S.
               | typically boils down to some derivative of envy.
               | 
               | The solution to "wealth inequality" isn't taxation - that
               | only has the power to destroy.
               | 
               | The solution is individual, different for each person,
               | their life goals and what sorts of things are important
               | to them, but rests in creation and innovation.
               | 
               | That's what's created wealth through human history, and
               | it's what will continue to do so, if we allow it.
               | 
               | Taxing others and giving it away is lots of fun until you
               | run out of people to tax, and you've managed to
               | disincentivize and destroy what wealth remains.
               | 
               | Take a look at Prodrazvyorstka [1] to see how that works
               | out.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodrazvyorstka
        
           | RC_ITR wrote:
           | >Would anyone like to subsidize my next restaurant visit by
           | paying for my entree? No? But making someone unknown working
           | class person pay for my $25,000 solar install through
           | inflation is ok?
           | 
           | It's amazing how ignorant people can be to the world around
           | them. Let's assume you live in the US, since the article is
           | dealing with those subsidies.
           | 
           | The food you're eating - c. 20% of US farm income is
           | subsidies [0]
           | 
           | The employees of the restaurant - probably, at least one of
           | them is on a government support program to augment their
           | wages [1]
           | 
           | The car you drove to the restaurant in - the US Federal
           | government subsidized your gas (ever wonder why US gas is
           | cheaper than Canada/EU?) [2]
           | 
           | So maybe instead of spending your time looking down your nose
           | and 'not understanding why people don't understand
           | economics,' why don't you do research on the world around
           | you?
           | 
           | [0] https://perc.tamu.edu/PERC-Blog/PERC-Blog/U-S-Farm-
           | Subsidies...
           | 
           | [1] https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-45
           | 
           | [2] https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-fossil-fuel-
           | subs...
        
             | TMWNN wrote:
             | >The car you drove to the restaurant in - the US Federal
             | government subsidized your gas (ever wonder why US gas is
             | cheaper than Canada/EU?)
             | 
             | US gas is cheaper than elsewhere in the developed world
             | because a) the US is self-sufficient in terms of supply
             | and, more importantly, b) US fuel taxes are less.
             | 
             | If you actually read the EESI paper you cited, you see that
             | the "subsidies", whether direct or indirect, are actually
             | varying accounting treatments; basically, the same amount
             | of taxes are collected but over a longer period of time. In
             | any case, even if you were to remove all the direct
             | "subsidies", the paper does not claim that tax revenue
             | would rise more than about $40 billion over about a decade.
             | $4 billion a year is a pittance for a federal government
             | that collected $4.9 trillion in 2022.
        
           | pkulak wrote:
           | Unless you walk to that restaurant, it will absolutely be
           | subsidized. 6 percent of all state and local spending is on
           | roads. And that's not counting any negative externalities,
           | which subsidies should be reducing (like, for example, a
           | solar installation subsidy), not increasing.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | There are a lot of subsidies in agriculture as well.
        
           | throwaway6734 wrote:
           | Subsidies exist for many industries
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | > Would anyone like to subsidize my next restaurant visit by
           | paying for my entree? No? But making someone unknown working
           | class person pay for my $25,000 solar install through
           | inflation is ok?
           | 
           | Yes, it obviously is ok? Your next restaurant meal doesn't
           | have a broad impact on the world we live in, whereas the
           | deployment of solar panels does.
        
             | unixlikeposting wrote:
             | maybe that poster is a vegan locavore
        
           | zopa wrote:
           | > I'm always a bit confused if seemingly otherwise smart
           | people simply don't understand something so basic
           | 
           | Are you surprised, truly? All right, I'll play along.
           | 
           | We have a progressive tax system. So the majority of the
           | costs are born by the wealthy and the well-off, rather than
           | the working class. Some of the well-to-do got that way by
           | grit and hard work; others by luck; and at least a few by
           | fraud and worse. They're the winners of a somewhat-arbitrary
           | game, and I don't see anything wrong with tweaking the rules
           | in pursuit of a collective good, like wider solar panel
           | deployment.
           | 
           | Meanwhile! We know that most industries have quite dramatic
           | learning-by-doing and returns to scale. And yet in this
           | fallen world transaction costs and imperfect information can
           | prevent new technologies from getting enough scale practice
           | to become economically viable. So temporary subsidies in the
           | early stage have a good chance of bringing costs down for
           | everyone.
           | 
           | I'm very glad to be the first to introduce you to these
           | arguments, if I am. You don't have to agree: I left my mind-
           | control goggles in my other coat. But please, don't play
           | dumb.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Sort of. The literal tax bracket for earned income is
             | progressive. But due to lower tax rates for certain other
             | types of income, and the ability for the ultra rich to
             | utilize the tax code to the fullest, the net effect is that
             | the actual overall tax rates are progressive at the bottom
             | end, and regressive at the top end.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Your restaurant visit _is_ quite subsidized. Notably, both
           | the labor and the materials used are heavily subsidized.
        
           | wittycardio wrote:
           | You are incredibly ignorant about how the world works.
        
         | chongli wrote:
         | 7-10 years to break even. If the panels last 15 years you'll
         | see a net return of $21,416 on investment of $18,888. If they
         | last 25 years, that net return grows to $48,186. In either case
         | it works out to an annual rate of return of 5%, assuming
         | electricity prices stay the same (BIG ASSUMPTION) and also
         | assuming the weather doesn't change to get cloudier or more
         | violent (also a big assumption).
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Also there is a question if electricity produced by panels
           | will match the peak demand or in general is utilized.
           | Scenario where solar is overbuild and thus power generated by
           | it has near zero price for large part of the day might
           | happen.
        
           | wedn3sday wrote:
           | I agree its a big assumption to assume that electricity
           | prices will stay the same, my assumption is that electricity
           | price increases will significantly outpace inflation.
        
           | shostack wrote:
           | Is net return all that matters? Seems like with increasing
           | heat waves, power outages etc, being able to generate and
           | store your own electricity has value from a resiliency
           | standpoint.
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | Note that merely having solar panels on your house doesn't
             | automatically let you run your house off of the panels in
             | the event that the grid goes down. Firstly, if you're
             | connected to the grid, then a single house trying to push
             | power into a downed grid would be like trying to refill the
             | ocean with a super soaker. Even with lots of houses doing
             | it, the frequency would be wildly unstable at best and
             | cause damage to equipment. Secondly, it poses dangers for
             | lineworkers who are probably trying to resolve the outage,
             | by putting surprise voltage into wires.
             | 
             | It's certainly possible to have a solar installation that
             | _does_ let you disconnect from the grid, but it requires
             | extra hardware (including a battery backup).
        
               | manimino wrote:
               | Exactly right. Typical solar installations keep you on
               | the grid. And when the grid goes out, so do you.
               | 
               | To become grid-independent adds substantial expense.
               | Having your own battery adds another $10-20k, along with
               | whatever costs are associated with switching the grid.
               | 
               | Also, being off-grid is actually illegal in some places.
        
           | brianbreslin wrote:
           | What's the math if we see annual electricity price increases?
           | we've seen 2 hikes of 10-20% in the last 18 months here in
           | Florida. Making me consider solar sooner rather than later.
        
             | chongli wrote:
             | If the savings is $2677 on year 8 (first year of profits
             | after paying off the initial investment) and then increases
             | 10% every year after that, the net return is $33675. This
             | works out to an annual return of 7%, a considerable
             | improvement! The same calculation with annual rate
             | increases of 20% yields a net return of $53002 and an
             | annual return of 9%.
        
         | agilob wrote:
         | >Looks like a 7 year return on investment after subsidies, 10
         | years without.
         | 
         | Price of electricity more than tripled in some EU countries in
         | the last few years. Prices going up and OP reducing consumption
         | will work towards reducing ROI period.
        
       | csense wrote:
       | Interesting to see a post about this from someone else who I'm
       | assuming is in a northern climate (they say New England).
       | 
       | One of my biggest questions about solar is, what happens when it
       | snows? Do you have to get up on the roof and clean them off by
       | hand? Or do they have built-in defrosters?
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | > One of my biggest questions about solar is, what happens when
         | it snows? Do you have to get up on the roof and clean them off
         | by hand? Or do they have built-in defrosters?
         | 
         | Nothing.
         | 
         | In northern climates rooftops usually have more of a pitch to
         | them so snow doesn't accumulate (because you don't want the
         | roof to collapse). The panels, because they are black, will
         | generally collect enough heat to melt the snow in a day or 2
         | after a snowstorm.
         | 
         | If you want to clean the panels, you risk damaging them. So the
         | common advice is don't do anything and let the sun do the work.
        
           | treis wrote:
           | >The panels, because they are black
           | 
           | Doesn't seem like that would matter once covered by a few
           | inches of snow. But otherwise your points seem solid.
        
             | dashundchen wrote:
             | All it takes is a little snow to melt or blow off and the
             | exposed panel will heat and cause the rest of the snow to
             | melt and slide off. The panels are relatively slippery so a
             | little melt at a pitch will clear them in no time.
        
               | acomjean wrote:
               | my partner has panels on her house around boston. They
               | work well. The snow slides off, usually with a great
               | "wump" as it drops 2 stories into the yard. Its acually a
               | little startling at first.
               | 
               | They work better in the summer, but provide most of the
               | house power. Doesn't help much with the EV she got since
               | except in the summer. She got a electric water heater as
               | well.
        
               | EricE wrote:
               | If her water heater is in the basement, when it comes
               | time to replace look at the heat pump water heaters. As a
               | bonus, they dehumidify as they work - which is usually a
               | very good thing for basements!
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | It somehow does - dark asphalt melts snow faster than grass
             | even when not shoveled.
             | 
             | But once it's deep enough it stops.
        
               | mnw21cam wrote:
               | The dark asphalt has stored heat, and is in good thermal
               | contact with the bottom of the snow. Grass insulates the
               | snow from the ground.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | You don't ever get a few inches of snow on the top of the
             | roof. The point of the aggressive pitch is so the weight of
             | the snow pulls itself off the roof so your roof/home
             | doesn't have to support 5 tons of water weight.
             | 
             | IDK if you live in a place that sees significant snow, if
             | so, just drive around a neighborhood and notice what the
             | snow looks like on the rooftops. Generally none on the top
             | and some on the bottom. That's by design.
             | 
             | While the bottom of the panels aren't doing anything to
             | melt the snow, the top portions are, and that accelerates
             | as the snow melts.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | treis wrote:
               | >You don't ever get a few inches of snow on the top of
               | the roof. The point of the aggressive pitch is so the
               | weight of the snow pulls itself off the roof so your
               | roof/home doesn't have to support 5 tons of water weight.
               | 
               | This is definitely not how snow on roofs work. Here is an
               | example with a roof with lots of snow on it:
               | 
               | https://millworksconstructionservices.com/wp-
               | content/uploads...
               | 
               | Roofs in cold climates are designed to hold the weight of
               | snow on top of them.
               | 
               | ETA:
               | 
               | The no snow on top but some on the bottom is because
               | their attic isn't insulated well enough. Ideally you lose
               | no heat through the ceiling into the attic. But without
               | enough insulation you will lose a significant amount and
               | the hotter air will rise to the highest point and melt
               | the peak first. You don't want this because the melted
               | snow can run down your roof and freeze again on the
               | colder parts.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | That's absolutely how snow on top of the roof works. Most
               | building codes in snow heavy areas have pitch
               | requirements.
               | 
               | https://www.atozroofingdenver.com/how-does-roof-pitch-
               | affect...
        
               | treis wrote:
               | >That's absolutely how snow on top of the roof works.
               | 
               | How do you explain that picture with ~1 foot of snow on
               | the roof's peak?
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | It's a low pitch roof which allows for a lot more
               | buildup.
               | 
               | Also, if you read the article I linked, you'll know that
               | pitch isn't perfect (pun intended), but it does go a long
               | way in preventing snow buildup. A major snow storm with
               | wind blowing snow in the right direction can twart a high
               | pitched roof. But that sort of condition is a lot more
               | rare.
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | Northern climates is relative. I live in the north of Sweden
           | and the solar panels here will be completely covered from
           | December to February or similar.
           | 
           | It's true though that the snow will melt or fall off quickly
           | when it's not that cold anymore.
        
         | jsight wrote:
         | Usually if any significant amount of the panel is exposed, they
         | will start to heat up from the sun and defrost the rest. Its a
         | significant reduction in performance, of course, but still
         | worthwhile if utility power is expensive.
        
           | angst_ridden wrote:
           | The actual performance of the cells increases as they get
           | colder. The attenuation due to ice or snow will, of course,
           | reduce power generated.
        
         | ecshafer wrote:
         | I've lived in very snowy areas. Snow mostly falls off the roof
         | because of the pitch, or it melts off in the sun. Its pretty
         | much only in the absolute worst storms AND roofs with low
         | pitches you need to get up there and clean them.
        
         | xenadu02 wrote:
         | Take most of the sibling replies here with a grain of salt. In
         | areas where there are large snowfall events (eg Tahoe) the
         | story is very different; panels can and do cause ice dams,
         | dangerous snow slides, and even the panels can get ripped right
         | off the roof.
        
         | dugmartin wrote:
         | According to the folks on this YouTube channel that have an
         | installation in a very snowy climate if you have two sided
         | panels they melt any accumulating snow off much quicker.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/c/ambitionstrikes
         | 
         | My issue with New England (I live there) is there that only 50
         | to 60% of the days are sunny - we get a lot of overcast skies.
         | That, combined with the lack of available roof space on our
         | Four Square style house, has kept me from thinking about
         | installing panels.
         | 
         | https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/Massachusetts/sunshin...
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | You don't produce much in the winter anyway, you can brush it
         | off the panels with an extendable broom but it will naturally
         | melt and slide off. Unless you have snow cover all winter you'd
         | likely spend more on the extendable broom than you'd produce
         | from the panels.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | My brother-in-law's panels produce just as much electricity
           | at noon in the winter time as they do in the summer time.
           | Winter sun in the Canadian prairies is quite intense, and the
           | panels are more efficient at -20C than they are at +20C.
        
             | mnw21cam wrote:
             | But they'll produce for less time each day in the winter.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | What the GP is saying is that _with_ the losses from
               | higher angle and shorter duration of insolation, the
               | decreased temperatures increased efficiency such to match
               | the summer 's output. The heat in the summer reduces a
               | panel's efficiency.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | How north do you mean? Solar panels are at a high angle,
         | slippery and black. Snow generally does not stick for long.
         | They'll self clear.
         | 
         | My brother's panels in Saskatchewan don't self-clear. But
         | that's for an average temperature of -20C.
        
         | LgWoodenBadger wrote:
         | I had them when I lived in Pennsylvania. The panels self-clear
         | in a literal avalanche that destroyed all the bushes where it
         | landed. It sounds like a freight train in your attic when it
         | happens.
         | 
         | Had someone been standing underneath when it happens they would
         | have been seriously injured.
        
           | AlexandrB wrote:
           | Had the same experience in Canada - woke up thinking the
           | house was collapsing. Found a mountain of snow next to the
           | house the next morning.
           | 
           | Edit: There are "reverse" shovels called roof rakes[1] that
           | can help remove snow before it builds up.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.thespruce.com/best-snow-roof-rakes-6830889
        
       | NotYourLawyer wrote:
       | I looked into solar in 2022. The bid I got for a 9.5 kW system
       | and one Tesla Powerwall ended up being right around $50,000.
       | 
       | No thanks.
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | Why a Powerwall?
        
           | NotYourLawyer wrote:
           | Not sure, that's just the way the company wrote up the bid.
           | The Powerwall portion was around $16k I think.
        
             | acomjean wrote:
             | I know someone who did 5000W system for around 15,000 in
             | 2018.
             | 
             | Battert/Powerwalls let the solar work when the power goes
             | out. (the dc to ac converters use the 60hz out of the grid
             | to sync. There is no shutoff to the grid so for safety
             | reasons her system shuts down when the power is out).
        
               | NotYourLawyer wrote:
               | Oh sure, and I wanted a battery of some kind to keep
               | things running in an outage. I just mean I don't know why
               | they bid a Powerwall specifically instead of some other
               | battery system.
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | Any sort of battery system that lets you keep running in
               | an outage is going to be pretty expensive, unfortunately.
               | 
               | But at that point your question isn't "what would be the
               | payback period if I got solar" but "how much is it worth
               | to me to have power when the grid is down". And so not
               | surprisingly many people get solar but don't install a
               | battery.
               | 
               | (Systems that provide a small amount of best-effort when-
               | the-sun-is-shining emergency power when the grid is down
               | seem like they should be a sweet spot here, because they
               | can be implemented very efficiently. Unfortunately a
               | combination of consumers not wanting it, the NEC not
               | prioritizing it, and the shift to microinverters means
               | that instead of adding ~$200 like it did when I got solar
               | several years ago it's now more like $7k)
        
               | NotYourLawyer wrote:
               | I get that it's not gonna pay for itself any time soon,
               | and I'm on board with paying for the privilege of keeping
               | things running when the grid is down. But 50 grand? Come
               | on.
        
         | JanisErdmanis wrote:
         | That's an insane number. 25 solar panels + 9 kW inverter +
         | bindings and wires would result in around 8000$.
        
           | NotYourLawyer wrote:
           | Seemed crazy to me too. If it had been $8k plus battery costs
           | I would have done it.
        
       | hbarka wrote:
       | Assuming you are grid-tied, the reduction of electric bills is
       | predicated on net metering, where the utility company gives you
       | (ideally) 1-for-1 credit for the electricity you produce. In
       | California, this was called NEM 1.0 and NEM 2.0. Every few years
       | the California utilities lobby the Public Utilities Commission
       | (PUC) to chip away at the NEM program. This year the PUC voted
       | unanimously to cut net energy metering and any new solar owner
       | will fall under the NEM 3.0 rules. Net energy metering is
       | essentially dead in California. In addition there are additional
       | fixed fees customers have to pay. This will disincentivize solar-
       | only installation. If you want fair compensation of what you
       | generate you'll have to store it and pay yourself.
       | 
       | PG&E will find a way to keep their profit margin.
       | 
       | https://www.npr.org/2022/12/15/1142927418/california-plans-t...
        
         | brk wrote:
         | No, you'd don't need net metering to make it viable.
         | 
         | In a typical grid-tied system, the setup is such that any
         | demand is fulfilled first by solar capacity, and second from
         | the grid. If your array can fulfill 100% (or more) of your
         | demand, then you pull nothing from the grid.
         | 
         | If you don't have a net metering arrangement and you regularly
         | produce more than 100% of your local demand, then your options
         | are to simply throw away the excess, or use a battery system to
         | store it for later use.
         | 
         | If you have a net metering agreement, then the grid acts like a
         | giant battery, which may or may not have input and output fees
         | (think of it very roughly like Amazon S3 pricing). Ideally you
         | have a 1:1 arrangement, where you can feed energy into the grid
         | for free, and pull back up to whatever you supplied at parity
         | pricing (eg: for free). But, there is no reason a utility
         | company has to offer that arrangement, they could charge you
         | some fee to supply energy if they wanted, and they could charge
         | you some fee to pull energy back.
         | 
         | For the most part, the most cost effective solar systems will
         | supply about 75-80% of your average monthly demand. It almost
         | never a good investment to overbuild your solar system on the
         | premise of making money off of net metering, as the rate you
         | are paid for production is essentially a wholesale price,
         | making you a micro power plant, which is not a very profitable
         | business. Covering the bulk of your energy usage with your own
         | solar supply, and then pulling a minimum amount of power from
         | the grid to fill the gaps will tend to keep you at the best
         | supply pricing tier.
        
           | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
           | >... the most cost effective solar systems will supply about
           | 75-80% of your average monthly demand
           | 
           | I am not so sure that is true. Seemingly a large percentage
           | of new installation costs are fixed (paperwork, labor,
           | inverters, etc) with only a smaller portion for the panels
           | themselves. For a minor incremental cost, you can fully
           | provision your house.
        
         | opo wrote:
         | Consumer rooftop solar is the most expensive way ever thought
         | of to provide electrical power. Money is fungible. A dollar
         | tied up in building a one-off consumer solar installation is
         | exactly a dollar unavailable for building out utility grade
         | solar which can be done at a fraction of the cost.
         | 
         | With net metering, wealthier home owners are essentially paid
         | the retail rate for the electricity they sell to the grid which
         | causes higher electricity bills for those who can't afford to
         | put panels on their roof - sort of a reverse Robinhood scheme.
         | I recall reading that with net-metering, non-solar households
         | in CA pay an estimated extra $115 to $245 per year to cover the
         | subsidies given to their wealthier neighbors.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | It's a nice incentive, but you shouldn't need to be paid the
         | retail rate for solar when selling it back to the utility.
         | Especially when the retail rate is from PG&E and contains a lot
         | of non-paying-for-electricity things like covering past
         | liabilities for wildfires.
         | 
         | And you can perfectly well size your solar appropriately so
         | that you aren't net-positive pushing electricity back to the
         | grid at all (or only a little).
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | Net metering is a regressive tax on the poor, because when rich
         | people get solar panels and sell back to the grid at retail
         | prices, the utility has to raise rates on everyone else to pay
         | their large fixed costs. It may have been a good idea at one
         | point when residential solar was so rare as to be effectively
         | nonexistent, but now it has to be abandoned.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | In my state, generation is still pretty "regulated" and the
           | cost of generation is a separate line item on my bill,
           | technically from a different company, from distribution.
           | There's no reason at all I shouldn't be paid the same price
           | per kWh for generation.
        
             | eppp wrote:
             | That depends what "generation" includes. It probably also
             | includes the transmission and stepping up and all of the
             | equipment to deliver it to the distributor. If you are grid
             | tied, you are still using that system as a backup at
             | minimum and should contribute to its upkeep. Therefore you
             | should be paid accordingly. I don't think there is much
             | objection to paying for solar excess at the bulk rate.
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | Was the California grid always private or was it run by the
         | state government at one point? To me it makes no sense to
         | privatize services where no competition is possible. You just
         | end up with perverse incentives to do stuff like the above.
        
           | beembeem wrote:
           | A few data points as the picture is murky and mixed:
           | 
           | The wider "grid" is managed by CAISO - the independent system
           | operator.
           | 
           | LA's utility is municipally run, in contrast to the big 3
           | IOUs in the state - PGE, SDGE, SCE.
           | 
           | SDGE had a 50 year exclusive franchise agreement with the
           | city of San Diego that recently renewed under slightly
           | different terms. Notably, and I'm paraphrasing: the city has
           | the option after 10 years to terminate under certain
           | conditions. [1]
           | 
           | Enron lobbied for, contributed to, and profited off of
           | utility deregulation over 20 years ago. [2]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.kpbs.org/news/midday-
           | edition/2020/07/27/sdges-50...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.consumerwatchdog.org/newsrelease/lesson-
           | enron-el...
        
           | lwf wrote:
           | The vast minority of utilities in the United States, by
           | number of customers served, are investor-owned; publicly-
           | owned and co-operative utilities only cover 50m people.[1]
           | 
           | Theoretically, the grid is supervised by the California
           | Public Utilities Commission, which has wide latitude to set
           | standards and regulations for PG&E and others. The Public
           | Utility Code is the highest law in the state of
           | California[2], so IMHO a large part of the blame for PG&E's
           | failures fall on CPUC's failed oversight[3][4]
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=40913
           | 
           | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Public_Utilitie
           | s_Co...
           | 
           | [3]: http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/CPUC-head-Michael-
           | Peev...
           | 
           | [4]: https://www.nbcbayarea.com/investigations/pge-probation-
           | lift...
        
         | eppp wrote:
         | Because net metering is forcing the utility to purchase power
         | at the retail rate. It doesn't make any sense. It isn't a
         | profit margin issue. There is a massive infrastructure and
         | expense to deliver wholesale power to an individual customer
         | and it has to be recouped. Either you sell back your power at
         | some percent of wholesale or solar installs need to get a
         | corresponding increased delivery fee.
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | This is all rather bizarre. If PG&E charges 30 cents/kWh for
           | a marginal kWh delivered, then either something is quite
           | wrong with the pricing model or it really does cost some
           | respectable fraction of 30 cents/kWh to get a marginal kWh
           | through their system into their distribution network where
           | the customer is. If it's the latter, then reduction of 1 kWh
           | delivered should save them the same amount of money.
           | 
           | I think the real issue is that the pricing is almost
           | completely divorced from the actual cost structure, so the
           | whole rate system is a kludge that gives everyone the wrong
           | incentives.
        
             | eppp wrote:
             | The issue is that you have to size the hardware for a
             | multiple of the power draw you expect and the cost doesn't
             | go down because people use less temporarily. You also have
             | to do all the vegetation management and billing and it and
             | billing regardless of the amount of kWh that are used even
             | if a solar install is negative. They might draw today and
             | it has to be available.
        
             | secabeen wrote:
             | Reduction of 1kWh delivered does not save them the same
             | amount of money because the cost of connection is dominated
             | by the 1st kW delivered. Scaling delivered power does have
             | some cost, but the majority of delivery is in being able to
             | deliver power to a particular area in the first place and
             | to the maintenance of the lines providing any power.
        
             | majormajor wrote:
             | > If it's the latter, then reduction of 1 kWh delivered
             | should save them the same amount of money.
             | 
             | The "net metering" policy being changed isn't regarding
             | "saving the grid the money by _reducing_ the amount
             | delivered to a customer. " If you don't use the power from
             | them, you don't pay for it. But this is about the utility
             | _paying_ the customer the retail rate for excess generation
             | - aka paying retail rate for something that would offset a
             | cost they 'd otherwise pay wholesale rate to generate. This
             | is about the current (not the new) system:
             | https://news.energysage.com/net-metering-2-0-in-
             | california-e...
             | 
             | It's not clear to me at all that it makes sense to compel
             | the utility to purchase your excess power at the retail
             | rate, if you're generating more than you can use. It also
             | seems to gives weird incentives to size and spend on your
             | home setup.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | secabeen wrote:
           | What we need is a fundamental change in electricity billing.
           | The value in a grid connection is in its reliability,
           | availability and demand response (you can demand anything
           | from 1 Amp to 200 Amps at any time, with no notice). The
           | current usage-only billing model is broken.
           | 
           | What we should do is pay a large flat monthly fee for the
           | grid connection, then a lower rate for generation/usage,
           | rather than bundling the delivery costs in. This is how many
           | other utilities (Gas, Water, etc.) are billed, and it makes
           | much more sense. This would also line up better for people
           | with solar panels, as those who choose to leverage a grid
           | connection would lay in line with their utility, or could
           | choose to go off-grid, if they didn't want to pay for the
           | availability of the grid.
        
             | axus wrote:
             | Why do power companies even buy back solar power in the
             | first place? It seems like it's not in their interest to
             | help their customers compete with them.
             | 
             | I do agree there should be a connection fee, like an
             | Internet connection, that covers fixed costs. Watts cost
             | more than bytes, so a usage fee makes sense too.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | > Why do power companies even buy back solar power in the
               | first place? It seems like it's not in their interest to
               | help their customers compete with them.
               | 
               | Good question! The more power you generate locally, the
               | less you need to transmit along expensive infrastructure,
               | so it is actually in the interest of utilities to utilize
               | and pay for all of the generation capacity they can as
               | close to the consumer as possible. You can't get any
               | closer to the consumer than paying their neighbor to
               | power their house!
        
               | secabeen wrote:
               | > The more power you generate locally, the less you need
               | to transmit along expensive infrastructure,
               | 
               | This is true, but I don't think the savings on
               | infrastructure scales linearly with the distributed power
               | generated. For example, if you generate 1 MW of
               | distributed power, that reduces the load on wires,
               | transformers and towers across the grid, and may even
               | mean you can eventually use cheaper gear at your next
               | replacement, but it's not going to eliminate the baseline
               | costs (towers, wires, transformer sites, etc.) of serving
               | any particular customer or region.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | Eventually you will be able to break large grids into
               | smaller ones and still be as reliable as previously, thus
               | eliminating longer runs of transmission lines and
               | reducing power over the lines you cannot eliminate, which
               | will reduce the sizes and costs of the lines, but not
               | eliminate them. Someday, I would hope that you could tie
               | small neighborhoods together as the grid cells, with very
               | little interconnections needed between them.
               | 
               | I work in the industry, and my vision for the future is
               | less about realtime power transmission and more about
               | pooling energy in smaller grid cells, predicting the
               | usage of the pooled energy in the future, and moving
               | energy to the pools which will need more energy sometime
               | in the future at a trickle rate based on predictions. The
               | ideal situation is to reduce energy transfer to zero over
               | time by distributing the energy generation densely
               | amongst the most dense users of the energy. I don't think
               | the industry is ready for such a step-change in thought
               | yet, but someday electricity will be treated more like
               | water than like it is today.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | I think you're missing a different piece of the puzzle here
             | which is that if I pay $10 for the first gallon of water
             | and next to nothing for the next 500, I have an incentive
             | to use more water and not less. I've paid for it anyway.
             | 
             | When you're trying to solve public policy problems
             | especially where conservation is concerned the notion of
             | math gets complicated very quickly.
        
               | birken wrote:
               | Additionally, the worst strains on the grid are really
               | measured by the _peak_ loads, so if you change billing a
               | way that makes the _peak_ energy less expensive, and
               | therefore disincentivize people to (a) reduce usage at
               | peak times or (b) install solar panels /batteries to
               | mitigate their peak usage, then it actually might make
               | the grid more unreliable.
               | 
               | Water is different in that we really only have usage
               | concerns about water, AFAIK there is never any issue with
               | the water pressure drops at peak times (perhaps thanks to
               | water towers). With electricity the concerns are mostly
               | about the peak usage, and not so much the overall usage.
        
               | secabeen wrote:
               | Yes, that's what you see in the commercial side, where
               | demand charges based on your highest peak usage in a
               | month are common. However, they are un-intuitive and easy
               | to generate big bills for small amounts of power used, so
               | I agree with the general idea that they're not a good
               | idea for residential users.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | You could institute something like time-of-day-based fees
               | based on average demand for residential users without
               | having the large unexpected bill problem.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | I'm told that Industry gets charged not by how much
               | current they draw but by how much it distorts the grid
               | power waveforms. In fact there are experimental designs
               | out there for power correction facilities that delay the
               | waveforms by for instance 90% of a wavelength (so
               | everything lines up again) and convert the delta to DC to
               | store in batteries. The battery power can be used for
               | their own purposes or to reinject in low voltage
               | situations.
        
               | eppp wrote:
               | They are billed for demand, usage and power factor. They
               | use capacitors to help with power factor.
        
               | notJim wrote:
               | Theoretically, you could add a third type of charge
               | related to the externalities associated with your
               | consumption. I'm not sure exactly how the accounting
               | would work, but maybe an escalating fee based on the
               | amount you consume. My utility actually does this with
               | electricity, where the rate goes up after your first 1000
               | kWh. Obviously this could get more elaborate.
        
               | carschno wrote:
               | This is effectively similar to the "energy price ceiling"
               | that the Netherlands have introduced for this year:
               | https://www.government.nl/topics/energy-crisis/cabinet-
               | plans...
               | 
               | Note: the most recent English document still describes
               | this as "planned", but it has been approved and has gone
               | into effect with the start of 2023.
               | 
               | The difference is though that the state subsidies the
               | "cheaper" rate. When a customer has consumed the
               | subsidized amount of electricity or gas, they pay the
               | full market price.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | That's a fancy way to say carbon tax, which I agree with
               | but also recognize has been turned into a political
               | landmine.
               | 
               | Also I thought PG&E still had the reverse situation, of
               | people voluntarily paying more for green power.
        
               | secabeen wrote:
               | Perhaps, but if we want to dis-incentivize usage as a
               | political policy, we can just increase the usage charge
               | above from "next to nothing". For power, generation costs
               | in California run from $150/MWh to -$150/MWh:
               | https://www.caiso.com/TodaysOutlook/Pages/prices.aspx
               | 
               | $0.15/kWh seems like enough to begin the dis-
               | incentivizing of usage, and that can certainly be pushed
               | up more.
        
             | spockz wrote:
             | In the Netherlands you a fixed price for being connected.
             | The amount varies on the size of the connection. Usually 1
             | phase 40A is as expensive as 3 phase 25A. Anything above
             | that easily triples in price. Aside from this you have net
             | metering still and you pay for what you consume. No "usage
             | bundle" is included in the connection fee.
             | 
             | Also, the companies for infrastructure and that provide the
             | actual energy are separate but the energy supplier charges
             | for the infrastructure provider. The infrastructure
             | provider is semi privatised while the energy supplier is
             | fully privatised.
             | 
             | It kind of works, except that we need like everyone else,
             | to upgrade the power grids to deal with increased
             | consumption and we haven't invested in that.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | In Finland system is setup for this.
             | 
             | First you pay for the electricity itself, can be from
             | anyone, as on the level of the country in question
             | electricity is entirely fungible.
             | 
             | Next is the connection or standing fee. Make sense,
             | eventually you have to pay for the transformer and cabling
             | to your home, even if in some location this is rather high.
             | 
             | And final piece is taxes + transfer fee paid by kWh. Again,
             | you have pay for the local grid and charging by use makes
             | some sense.
             | 
             | There is two prices that vary per use and one that doesn't.
             | And reasonably so. Maintaining existing lines have a cost.
        
           | AtlasBarfed wrote:
           | We need something that will incent home solar + storage
           | because:
           | 
           | 1) it increases resilience in disaster scenarios and a lot of
           | high usage scenarios. I especially think back to Puerto Rico
           | getting hit by the Hurricane, or the Texas icestorms or
           | things like that. Having a lot of homes semi-independent of
           | the grid would help people mitigate impacts, because you can
           | rely on neighbors for certain things while the grid is down.
           | 
           | 2) BEVs are going to introduce a huge additional burden on
           | the grid. But if we couple it with a lot of home solar
           | installations, it will reduce the impact to the grid and the
           | grid can focus on more industrial tasks like highway
           | supercharging for semis and those big challenges.
           | 
           | 3) aside from the solar panels, home solar means a
           | distributed storage for the grid too.
           | 
           | Net metering is flawed, but there's the baby with the
           | bathwater argument. Let's introduce better incentives before
           | chucking the flawed ones that are working, and I don't see
           | that happening.
           | 
           | And it's hard to price the incentives. Home solar panels are
           | going to change a lot with forthcoming perovskites, and home
           | storage is going to drastically change with production Sodium
           | Ion, high density LFP/LFMP in the next few years, and Sulfur
           | beyond that.
           | 
           | What I think is ridiculous is the pricing of home
           | solar+storage versus what the grid buyers get. If home solar
           | programs could have their panels bulk-purchased along with
           | grid solar purchases and then the grid providers have to get
           | them installed to homes, it would swap the grid providers
           | from opposing home solar to being incented to finding people
           | to allow the installation.
        
           | caseysoftware wrote:
           | > _Because net metering is forcing the utility to purchase
           | power at the retail rate._
           | 
           | No, it doesn't.
           | 
           | I have solar+battery with net metering. I buy from the
           | electric company at ~11.5c/kWh and sell our excess to them at
           | ~2.7c/kWh for a difference of ~4.3x
           | 
           | As the sole entity that you can sell to - short of regulators
           | being involved - they set the rate. And yes, there's already
           | a monthly connection fee.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | That is not "net" metering, then. "Net" metering is having
             | an import and an export accumulator meter and charging the
             | customer for the "net" value in the equation "net = import
             | - export". Anything else is marketing bullshit from utility
             | industry organizations.
        
               | caseysoftware wrote:
               | That's what I thought "net metering" was before getting
               | solar too. Most don't do that.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, billing departments run the world.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | That is supposed to be what net metering is, but electric
               | utilities captured the regulators and changed the
               | definition to ensure they could cheat the consumer out of
               | the value of their bought and paid for solar panels.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | oso2k wrote:
           | No (potential) customer is required to make any company
           | profitable.
        
             | eppp wrote:
             | And should a company be forced to subsidize a customer?
        
               | AtlasBarfed wrote:
               | When the company is a utility with a built in monopoly,
               | with legal access to shared resources like land for
               | transmission cables, and is the easiest path to executing
               | policy as important as decarbonization?
               | 
               | Yes, if it helps the implementation of the policy.
               | 
               | Our entire power system lacks proper carbon taxation. So
               | I won't cry over minor things like power companies making
               | a bit less money when the effect is a major avenue to
               | mitigating carbon emissions.
               | 
               | Arguably incenting the grid to switch over from
               | coal/natural gas to wind/solar/storage is more important,
               | but lets try multiple approaches and not stop what is
               | working.
        
               | oso2k wrote:
               | When said company is government subsidized said customer
               | who is also a tax payer, yes. These companies use tax
               | dollars for infrastructure investment and maintenance, at
               | least here in CA.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Another option is to split the fee into a 'connection fee',
           | 'transmission fee' and a 'power fee'.
           | 
           | Have the power fee set realtime by a market. The price might
           | go to zero if there is excess generation.
           | 
           | Have the transmission fee capped by a regulator - and charge
           | it for any kilowatt hours that enter the power network.
           | 
           | Allow third parties to arbitrage and offer 'fixed rate'
           | deals, so consumers aren't at the whims of an electricity
           | market with occasional sky high prices.
        
             | sandos wrote:
             | This is sort of how it works in Sweden and probably a few
             | other countries.
             | 
             | Bill is split into market and (local) grid parts. Many
             | consumers have now moved the market parts to realtime
             | pricing, since fixed-price arbitraging has become so
             | expensive.
        
             | eppp wrote:
             | Congratulations you invented Enron.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Finland uses this model. Though the capping of transmission
             | fees is bit iffy.
             | 
             | And lately the fixed rates have been quite variable going
             | from 4 cents to 40 cents. The action by European countries
             | caused some uncertainty. So timing has great effect.
        
           | yupyup54133 wrote:
           | What we need is a nationalism of the electricity grid and
           | power plants. A federally owned and operated electric grid
           | solves this issue.
        
           | g42gregory wrote:
           | PG&E is a designated as a Utility by law. This means that
           | their profit margin is fixed (at 9? percent). Basically this
           | is the discount they should buy the power from you, which
           | should be fine.
        
           | francisofascii wrote:
           | You have valid points. But it does make sense if you are
           | trying to 1) incentive solar and 2) keep the pricing super
           | simple for the average Joe customer.
        
         | shostack wrote:
         | Would a good tl;Dr summary of things in CA be that if you
         | didn't need solar before and got grandfathered, it doesn't make
         | sense to get solar now?
         | 
         | How does that work with new homes being required to have solar
         | installed? Is it just a net giant win for pg&e?
        
         | figers wrote:
         | There is also the savings from the solar your house produces
         | and uses directly instead of pulling from the grid at the price
         | per kWh.
        
         | ufo wrote:
         | Does that also apply if you're not sending surplus energy back
         | into the grid?
        
         | KerrAvon wrote:
         | If there's no net-zero metering, aren't they incentivizing
         | people to be completely disconnected from the grid, or at least
         | not incentivizing them to be connected? (Which is bad for the
         | grid.) Why would I fuck around with the utility at all if I'm
         | installing enough solar/battery to power my needs?
        
           | rsync wrote:
           | "Why would I fuck around with the utility at all if I'm
           | installing enough solar/battery to power my needs?"
           | 
           | This is exactly my sentiment and is the reason that we have
           | made ourselves independent from the grid.[1]
           | 
           |  _However_ the math gets very difficult if you need to charge
           | an electric car ... it 's a tremendous amount of electricity
           | to keep one, not to mention two, cars topped up after daily
           | use.
           | 
           | The extra panel and battery requirements for cars are such
           | that it really does make sense to be grid-tied and arrange
           | your charging on off-peak hours, etc. That is what makes this
           | so frustrating for typical homeowners - there's an obvious
           | and sensible symbiosis here that would work well for (most
           | people).
           | 
           | [1] That, and the fact that I hate PG&E with the burning fire
           | of 1000 suns.
        
           | birdyrooster wrote:
           | If the grid is smaller, then it is good for the grid because
           | it reduces capacity and complexity requirements. Also if the
           | net human experience is better, the grids can as bad as what
           | enables that.
        
           | tehlike wrote:
           | because very likely you won't have enough solar/battery to
           | power your needs...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > Why would I fuck around with the utility at all if I'm
           | installing enough solar/battery to power my needs?
           | 
           | What will you do when it has been raining/cloudy for weeks
           | straight like it has recently in California? For this period,
           | wind has dramatically outproduced solar [1]. Even in the
           | summer/fall, when there was severe wildfire smoke in the
           | area, my solar+battery barely produced anything.
           | 
           | Sure, you can set up a propane generator (very expensive at
           | the size needed for a full house backup), but then you are
           | dependent on the propane-distribution grid. The dirty secret
           | of "no-sacrifice off-grid" lifestyles is how much they are
           | dependent on propane for heating and electricity.
           | 
           | Also, the grid's up-time is going to be better than your home
           | battery setup up-time both because it is constantly
           | maintained and it has access to a greater diversity of energy
           | sources (wind, nuclear, fossil, large-scale storage) that are
           | firmer than anything you can attach to your house.
           | 
           | The fact is that modern living standards (cars, TVs,
           | comfortable temperatures) require a much larger amount of
           | energy and energy-availability than most people can produce
           | on their properties with solar. The additional energy has to
           | be imported somehow, either from the electric grid or as
           | liquid or gaseous fuels.
           | 
           | 1. See Renewables Trend at
           | http://www.caiso.com/TodaysOutlook/Pages/supply.html
        
         | notJim wrote:
         | This incentivizes storage and time-shifting usage to solar peak
         | times, which seem to be needed in California. Does anyone know
         | if there are pricing signals to help with that? For example, if
         | I (as a power-plant operator or whatever) found a way to sell
         | electricity right as the sun is going down, am I rewarded for
         | that?
         | 
         | As an individual with a solar install, I think this also
         | encourages people to use the energy they produce directly,
         | which also seems beneficial. For example, if your house is
         | well-insulated, you can probably pre-cool it a few degrees
         | while your solar is producing so that you don't need as much
         | cooling during the peak times. If you can be home during the
         | day time, you could set your car to only charge during peak
         | times.
        
           | danans wrote:
           | > This incentivizes storage and time-shifting usage to solar
           | peak times, which seem to be needed in California. Does
           | anyone know if there are pricing signals to help with that?
           | For example, if I (as a power-plant operator or whatever)
           | found a way to sell electricity right as the sun is going
           | down, am I rewarded for that?
           | 
           | NEM3.0 incentivizes exactly that. It prices exported
           | electricity at the avoided cost rate. During the late summer
           | and early fall, between 7-9PM that can be more than $1/kWh,
           | or 3x the average NEM2.0 rate [1]. Of course to maximize that
           | rate you need to store energy and sell it back at the optimal
           | time.
           | 
           | The average rate with NEM3.0, however, is much lower.
           | 
           | 1. https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/-/media/cpuc-
           | website/divisions/energ...
        
         | praxulus wrote:
         | Net metering just doesn't make sense though. Everyone who wants
         | to rely on the grid for power availability ought to pay for
         | grid upkeep costs. Net metering would make sense if it came on
         | top of a baseline "connectivity fee" that covered grid
         | maintenance, but that's not the current policy, would likely be
         | politically infeasible, and would hurt rooftop solar customers
         | financially anyway.
         | 
         | Subsidizing solar is a perfectly good policy choice, but net
         | metering is ultimately an unsustainable way to implement it.
        
           | scld wrote:
           | In the northeast at least there are separate lines for supply
           | and distribution. If your supply goes negative, you still pay
           | the distribution fee....and if you supplied more than the
           | distribution cost....why wouldn't you receive money? Unless
           | the energy company is for some reason not charging properly
           | for distribution, seems everything is already baked in.
        
           | monkeydust wrote:
           | Just be glad your not in the UK. I pay 35p / kWh down and get
           | only 5p / kWh for excess I sell to grid through Smart Export
           | Guarantee. Price down has doubled in two years and way up has
           | hardly moved.
           | 
           | I joked with my neighbour that we should wire up our homes
           | and sell my excess to him at mid point and we would both be
           | better off.
        
             | gnicholas wrote:
             | Low-effort version, if he has an EV: get a long charging
             | cable and charge him up when you're generating excess.
        
               | kbob wrote:
               | Or just let him park at your place.
        
               | monkeydust wrote:
               | He doesn't but few on the street do. Could hack something
               | over the summer that provides some charge on my driveway
               | when I am net producing. Not sure if any legal/tax issues
               | with the setup though. An interesting community project.
        
               | reacharavindh wrote:
               | It might even be a greater option to have a community
               | battery booth(a bank of LFP or the upcoming Sodium ion
               | batteries). Everyone throws their excess energy into it,
               | and it can be a charging station for e-bikes, EVs etc.
               | 
               | Absolutely no clue about legal issues though.
        
               | monkeydust wrote:
               | Interesting, getting close to a virtual power plant I
               | think. Ideally you want to use the grid network for
               | transmission to the bank of batteries.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | > I joked with my neighbour that we should wire up our
             | homes and sell my excess to him at mid point and we would
             | both be better off.
             | 
             | I've been looking at this but not as a joke and you run
             | into some fairly interesting problems when you start
             | paralleling after the meter. Long story short: don't do
             | this unless you have a lot of electrical engineering chops
             | or you might end up create a liability in case of a leak to
             | ground or an overcurrent situation. This needs some special
             | handling. The best way would be to just create an extra
             | circuit and use a waterproof extension cord to power it,
             | that way all GFPs see their real current and not a fraction
             | of it and you can't accidentally feed into a distribution
             | panel at more current than the breakers see, which is an
             | excellent way to start a fire.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | But you do pay for 'grid upkeep costs', the grid availability
           | is a part of that connection fee, otherwise what would you
           | connect to if not to the grid. Even if you consume zero KWh
           | in a month you will still pay.
        
           | dpierce9 wrote:
           | Net metering means utilities sell the power your system
           | produces at full price to your neighbor. They pocket the
           | avoided cost of producing and delivering that power (and
           | during price spikes the cost of fuel can be higher than the
           | value of producing power).
           | 
           | Net metering does create stranded assets if everyone does it.
           | But not everyone does. Further, the idea that the utility
           | gains NO benefit from net metering is wrong.
           | 
           | The corresponding view that rate payers are subsidizing solar
           | by paying additional grid costs is wrong. Solar reduces grid
           | demand. This reduces required generation capacity. Capacity
           | is very expensive.
        
             | konschubert wrote:
             | Your solar panels tend to produce power at times when power
             | is cheap - because there is so much solar power.
             | 
             | When you do net metering, the utility has to pay on top:
             | They have to sell the power that you produce on the spot
             | market, but the price they get for it is less than what
             | they have to pay to you.
             | 
             | It's not a scalable approach.
        
             | FartyMcFarter wrote:
             | Net metering doesn't make sense for a simple reason:
             | 
             | - when you use power, the grid is forced to produce it for
             | you at that specific moment.
             | 
             | - on the other hand, solar panels produce energy at random
             | times, regardless of whether it's needed or not.
             | 
             | Net metering forces symmetric pricing into a fundamentally
             | asymmetric situation, which is not scalable.
        
           | umvi wrote:
           | In Idaho at least, you do have to pay a monthly
           | infrastructure fee even if you are using net metering.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | In maine, CMP charges $11 a month for a "connection" to the
           | grid and your first monthly 50kwh. Is that not the case in
           | california or other net metering markets?
        
             | eppp wrote:
             | $11 doesn't even come close to touching the distribution
             | cost. It is just a way of showing you a slightly lower kWh
             | rate if it is that low.
        
             | ihaveajob wrote:
             | Yes it is, there's a connection fee of approximately
             | $10/month for that same reason. Net metering is a totally
             | unrelated topic. What's being argued about is the rate.
             | Until now, rooftop solar customers get a retail-level
             | payback for excess production sent to the grid. Under the
             | proposal, this payback would be at the wholesale price,
             | which is significantly lower.
        
               | jrochkind1 wrote:
               | You can still totally offset your own actual consumption
               | at retail rate, but any negative over your actual
               | consumption for the month, you only get paid cash at
               | wholesale rate?
               | 
               | Without knowing anything about this or any context...
               | that does not seem unreasonable to me.
               | 
               | Note that OP didn't even require net negative at all to
               | have it still totally be a great investment. He only
               | offest a portion of his actual usage. So net negative
               | paid only at wholesale rate seems like it should still be
               | functional economically and leave plenty of incentive.
               | Wouldn't have effected OP at all, for those who do go net
               | negative and it effects, it seems like it shouldn't tip
               | the scales.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | > You can still totally offset your own actual
               | consumption at retail rate
               | 
               | AFAIK, most home solar is not set up this way. You don't
               | use the energy from your solar panels. The solar panels
               | feed directly into the grid, and your usage comes
               | directly out of the grid.
               | 
               | So if you use 100kwh, and generate 100kwh, then you will
               | pay 100kwh at retail rate, and receive 100kwh at
               | wholesale rate.
        
               | jrochkind1 wrote:
               | Hm, while I understand what you mean about where the
               | actual energy goes, my understanding of how the costs are
               | accounted are that there isn't any separate metering for
               | "electricity out" vs "electricity in".
               | 
               | The Solar out actually runs your meter backwards, so does
               | actually reduce the amount the meter shows you owing to
               | charge you at the retail rate. There is no metering
               | present to make it possible to charge you for the 100kwh
               | you used at one rate, but then you pay you for the 100kwh
               | you generated at a different rate. The electricity you
               | generate runs the meter backwards, and reduces what you
               | are charged for consumption -- which monetarily means you
               | are "being paid" for it at the retail rate.
               | 
               | But if your meter goes negative in a given time period,
               | they can tell at the meter you actually generated more
               | than consumed, and could pay you out a different rate for
               | that. (Or as OP notices, in some places, they allow you
               | offset your use, but don't actually pay out for net
               | negative at all. )
               | 
               | This is why the metering is called "net", it's your "net"
               | use, consumption minus generation. I believe that's how
               | it works for my friends here in Baltimore who have solar
               | panels.
               | 
               | Are there other places in the USA where they install more
               | sophisticated metering capable of separately metering out
               | and in, and charge different rates for it?
               | 
               | Or, anyway, since we're talking about California, if
               | anyone wants to clarify how it actually is going to work
               | in CA, rather than speaking in hypotheticals based on our
               | theoretical understanding of how things work, that would
               | be even better!
        
               | eppp wrote:
               | There are indeed places that have better meters in the
               | USA. In the past we installed two meters but it can now
               | be done with one.
        
               | saltcured wrote:
               | With PG&E, we have networked meters that report fine-
               | grained usage in order to support the newly standard
               | time-of-use rate plan. It is not an average over a
               | metering period like a month but able to resolve usage at
               | different hours of the day. Even my bill shows peak and
               | off-peak usage as daily bar graphs, and I think I can
               | login to see more fine-grained data at the power company
               | website if I wanted to.
               | 
               | But I agree with the message several posts up. The old
               | net metering was a subsidy and I understand it going
               | away. It makes sense to me at a technical level that you
               | would be billed your fine-grained net usage, so if your
               | solar supports your daytime load then you didn't consume
               | power, but you can't expect daytime excess to 1:1 cancel
               | your nightime grid load, unless you install local
               | batteries to time-shift your own power.
               | 
               | The old net metering did that. People generate excess
               | during the day and consume power at night from the grid
               | and expect it to all cancel out.
        
               | jrochkind1 wrote:
               | For home solar power, does your PG&E metering meter
               | "power generated" separately from "power consumed"? I'm
               | not sure if that's what you're saying or not.
               | 
               | Do you have details on how home solar is or will be
               | metered in California, with regard to credits for power
               | generated, and if it will be different depending on
               | whether it's "net negative" or not?
        
               | baq wrote:
               | My 3.5kWp PV installation is hooked up to one phase in
               | the house and that power is definitely being used without
               | being counted by the (2-way) meter.
        
               | singhrac wrote:
               | Hmm, I've never heard of such a setup, actually. Usually
               | these kinds of generators are called "behind-the-meter"
               | because they are literally behind the electric meter, so
               | any generation you make is directly used by your house,
               | and any excess crosses the meter. At least this web page
               | (from a utility in NE-ISO) indicates that solar
               | generation is still behind the meter even in a net
               | generation setting: https://www.bostonsolar.us/solar-
               | blog-resource-center/blog/w.... It could vary from place
               | to place, though.
        
           | K0balt wrote:
           | Isn't there a base charge though? In my home town it's around
           | 25 dollars a month just to be hooked up whether you use
           | anything or not.
           | 
           | What would seem logical to me would be a base charge, they
           | net meter you to zero, but then you sell power at the
           | wholesaler rate. If that wipes out your connect charge you
           | still have them the value that they would have paid for the
           | power you made.
           | 
           | Maybe the base charge would have to be higher for net metered
           | houses, it might have some subsidy built into it based on
           | expectations of selling power to the client.
        
           | walnutclosefarm wrote:
           | That's how my distributed generation contract with our Rural
           | Electric Cooperative works. We pay $50/month for the
           | connection, but the actual use/generation is 1 for 1 net
           | metering. We are limited in how much generation we can
           | connect to 105% of our average annual consumption, so over
           | the course of year, on average, we zero out energy costs. If
           | we want to connect more distributed generation than that, the
           | tariff shifts to we get wholesale for what we sell, pay
           | retail for what we use.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | This kind of attitude only really make senses if there is a
           | carbon tax.
           | 
           | Net metering is as good a subsidy for green energy which we
           | DIRELY need as any.
           | 
           | Making perfect the enemy of the good is bad enough as a
           | general principle but is 100x worse when the future of the
           | planet is at stake.
        
           | brk wrote:
           | Most net metering does have a base connection charge. Mine is
           | ~$35/mo, even when I have produced more energy in a month
           | than we consumed, my bill was still about $40 after base fees
           | and taxes/etc.
        
           | jackmott42 wrote:
           | Agreed, at some point the grid will need to spend on storage
           | to enable more solar users. So either you need to have a fee
           | to pay for that, or push the storage burden onto the end
           | users. Make that cost apparent and force people to deal with
           | it and we will find creative ways to do so (like more EV
           | vehicles that can act as storage, as the Ford Lightning can)
        
             | baq wrote:
             | More likely at some point it will be uneconomical to run PV
             | without attached storage. As an added bonus you'll be able
             | to pull cheap power on the winter from the grid overnight
             | if you have that kind of tariff available.
        
           | ezfe wrote:
           | But that's why your bill has generation and delivery split
           | into two lines. Net meter the generation line but don't touch
           | the delivery line.
        
         | mdorazio wrote:
         | Over the last 8 quarters their average profit margin is a
         | whopping 3.25%. If you think that's just too high I'm not sure
         | what to tell you.
         | 
         | An alternate way to look at the CA rule change is that CA needs
         | more installed storage to shore up the shitty grid, and
         | incentivizing people to install solar alone via net metering
         | isn't a great idea anymore. Remember that peak power demand is
         | right around and just after sunset.
        
           | PointyFluff wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | ericmay wrote:
           | > Over the last 8 quarters their average profit margin is a
           | whopping 3.25%
           | 
           | This is the trade-off you take when you become a quasi-
           | government company. You get a low, but nearly guaranteed
           | profit. Executives still get their bonuses, employees get
           | paid, etc.
           | 
           | If they want more variable rates of return then they can drop
           | the public protections and go full private like any other
           | regular company.
        
             | AtlasBarfed wrote:
             | Texas!!!!
             | 
             | Or, the California grid when Enron was doing market
             | manipulations like paying power companies to shut down and
             | induce a brown/blackout.
        
           | mertd wrote:
           | Does that include all deferred maintenance they had to do
           | after the massive wildfires?
        
             | ketralnis wrote:
             | And payouts for the various ongoing wrongful death law
             | lawsuits
        
           | hbarka wrote:
           | Companies can keep profit margin flat by increasing operating
           | expenses such as salary. For PG&E it looks immoral.
           | 
           | https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news-
           | release/2022/10/ratep...
        
           | swayvil wrote:
           | 3.25% of fifty bazillion ain't so bad.
        
       | prettychill wrote:
       | I am surprised at these power bills, at least in my area the
       | implied "savings" are 2-3 times what my bill is on any given
       | month. Huge house maybe?
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Air conditioning dominates summer electricity uses anywhere
         | that is hot and/or humid.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | New England is generally not that hot and humid especially
           | outside cities--except for fairly brief spells. That said,
           | some people do regularly run the AC to keep houses cooler in
           | the summer. His savings are probably more than I pay in
           | electricity in a given year (with oil heat and a small window
           | unit AC in my office if I bother to put it in.)
        
           | prettychill wrote:
           | I live in a much hotter and much more humid area than the
           | author does, and my bills are not even remotely close to
           | these. I do run my AC through the summer, probably more than
           | most
        
             | maerF0x0 wrote:
             | how much is your bill and what's the breakdown of
             | electricity costs (how many kwhrs) vs mandatory grid fees?
             | (regulatory and connection fees)
        
               | prettychill wrote:
               | Hottest month for me was aug, I paid around 161
               | 
               | ~$135 1190kWh (charged at ~$0.114 / kWh) ~$10.50 tax
               | 
               | ~15.50 other fees/riders which can not be recouped with
               | panels
               | 
               | OP is somehow paying ~25c/kWh, though I have to believe
               | they are counting the connections fees etc in their
               | estimate, based on natl averages they would be an outlier
               | for most states. https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/
        
               | prottog wrote:
               | That's wild. I live in an extremely hot and humid part of
               | the country, in the Gulf Coast; probably the area with
               | the highest AC demand in the summer. I routinely exceed
               | $300 a month in the hotter months.
               | 
               | Do you have a particularly small or recently-built, well-
               | insulated house?
        
               | prettychill wrote:
               | 1 story, ~1400sqft, built in 1920s reno in 2017..maybe
               | its just insulated really well
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Yes, that price is insane!
               | 
               | I don't have A/C, _do_ have net metering and _do_ have
               | solar panels, so I intentionally picked the plan with the
               | highest costs during the day in the summers and I pay 24c
               | /kWh only in peak hours during the summer.
               | 
               | Author may be a high energy user and on a tiered monthly-
               | usage plan rather than a TOU plan; if that is the case
               | than the solar panels may be saving energy billed at the
               | highest marginal rate which might be 25c/kWh. My previous
               | house had in-ceiling electrical resistive heating only
               | and I accidentally got a 4-figure electric bill the first
               | January I lived there because one thermostat was broken.
               | IIRC everything after the first NkWh (where N was a crazy
               | high number) was billed at around 25c.
        
               | secabeen wrote:
               | California rates (not sure the OP is in California, but
               | still) are just high. Lowest Off-Peak rate is $0.22/kWh
               | in my area, and On-Peak (4-9pm) can be as high as
               | $0.62/kWh.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | I don't find his methods particularly rigorous. He's just
         | taking total generated kWh and multiplying it by current
         | utility rates and then saying this represents savings.
         | 
         | Does it, though? We don't know how much of the generated power
         | was actually used instead of sold back into the grid, or if
         | this is even a grid tied installation, and what the return
         | sales rate would be.
         | 
         | The only way to actually compare this is to look at the actual
         | bills. What did you pay last year, what did you pay this year?
         | That's _actual_ savings. This is calculated plausible savings.
         | It's not at all clear they're the same thing in this scenario.
         | 
         | Finally.. if you're in a position to even say you're _saving_
         | $233/mo, then how inefficient is your home in the first place?
         | How many people live there to generate this large of a bill?
         | How much of a difference would it have made to make that house
         | more thermally or electrically efficient instead?
        
           | Kirby64 wrote:
           | If you live in a place that does net metering, it truly just
           | is as simple as generated kWh * utility rate. That's what net
           | metering means. Each kWh you provide via solar offsets the
           | cost of a kWh from the grid.
           | 
           | Additionally, if you live in a place where power is
           | $0.20-$0.30/kWh, then $233/mo is not a particularly large
           | amount of electricity, especially for a single-family house.
           | At $0.30/kWh, that's only ~775kWh of electricity.
        
         | ThrowawayIP wrote:
         | I am too. My last energy bill was $39 for 174kWh for a house
         | built in 1926. Considering that I pay ~$12 in grid connection
         | fees, the payback period is functionally never.
        
           | dzhiurgis wrote:
           | Energy price will go up in future tho
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | The electricity prices listed in the article are quite high,
         | the US average is about half of that.
        
           | prettychill wrote:
           | This is a great point. Avg cost for me last year was less
           | than half, around 11c/kWh
           | 
           | Though, https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/ makes me
           | wonder how you are getting 25c/kWh prices, as author
           | estimates. Maybe higher price tiers due to usage.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | The reason is that residential customers pay higher rates
             | than average: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_t
             | able_grapher.ph...
        
         | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
         | That was not takeaway as well -this person seemingly lives on
         | an estate. I do not think most roofs even have the space for 21
         | panels.
        
           | _whiteCaps_ wrote:
           | If my math is right, 21 panels is 38.2 m^2 or 411 ft^2.
           | That's not a huge amount of roof space. Depends on the roof
           | pitch, but I think it could cover just the south facing sides
           | of a roof of a 2000 ft^2 home.
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | Having 21 panels requires a rectangle 17ft by 24ft (each
           | panel is 5.4ft by 3.25ft). That's far from an estate: if it's
           | a two story home with a flat roof you're talking 816sqft
           | compared to a US median of 2,300sqft.
        
             | VintageLight wrote:
             | 1. Most roofs aren't flat. 2. For pitched roofs, you're
             | only going to want to install on the south or west facing
             | sides. So only some percentage of your roof area is ideal.
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | A pitched roof and installing on only half doesn't change
               | it that much. If your roof is 45deg then you're talking
               | about a 24x24 building. If that's two stories this is
               | 1152sqft, still less than half the size of the median US
               | house.
               | 
               | There are roof designs where even on a large house 21
               | panels won't fit, but looking around my neigborhood most
               | houses could easily do that many.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | And if you have a hip roof, it may be an exercise in
               | fitting a rectangular peg in a triangular hole.
               | 
               | https://www.infiniteenergy.com.au/wp-
               | content/uploads/2016/06...
        
               | _whiteCaps_ wrote:
               | Wouldn't the panels be the same pitch as the roof, so
               | you'd reduce the footprint there as well?
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | JustSomeNobody wrote:
       | Hmmm.. I have a 2400 sq ft home in FL. The electricity portion of
       | my utility bill averages roughly $150/month.
       | 
       | They must be in a really large home.
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | FL electricity is ~$0.14/kwh, compared to about twice that in
         | New England.
        
         | whycombagator wrote:
         | There are more factors involved than home size
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-01-03 23:01 UTC)