[HN Gopher] NY Sabotages Right to Repair Bill [video]
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       NY Sabotages Right to Repair Bill [video]
        
       Author : asjfkdlf
       Score  : 382 points
       Date   : 2022-12-29 07:59 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.youtube.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.youtube.com)
        
       | specialist wrote:
       | "Albany is where good legislation goes to die." -- Quote from a
       | personal friend
       | 
       | It's takes decades to change policy, enact legislation. A very
       | readable intro is the Waxman Report.
       | https://www.amazon.com/Waxman-Report-Congress-Really-Works/d...
       | 
       | My unsolicited advice is:
       | 
       | - Convert this outrage into action. Do fund raising.
       | 
       | - Set up an organization that can run a marathon. Burnout for
       | activists is very high.
       | 
       | - Someone, somewhere will pass this legislation. Find them. Even
       | if it's just for virtue signaling. Like a city, which can't
       | enforce such laws, passes a measure, to build awareness and
       | demonstrate support for a policy.
       | 
       | - Get politicians on record. Create a candidate questionnaire.
       | Send it out to all campaigns. Publish the answers.
       | 
       | - Encourage various local political parties (congressional
       | districts, state level legislative districts, etc) to include
       | your questionnaire (as part of their endorsement processes).
       | 
       | - Get various parties to include your policy in their platforms.
       | Again, builds aweness and demonstrates support.
        
         | trinsic2 wrote:
         | Thank you for offering solutions.
        
       | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
       | Louis Rossmann claims in this video that the bills text was
       | changed in the last few days, an argument that hinges solely on
       | the text of the memorandum attached to the governor signing it,
       | which mentions an "agreement" between Governor and legislative,
       | and hints at the content of said agreement. The document number
       | mentioned in the memorandum as the signed bill is S4104-A
       | 
       | According to the New York State Senate[1] the current version of
       | the bill is S4104A from May 2022, which passed both Senate and
       | Assembly in June. Note that nysenate.gov, at the time of me
       | writing this, has not yet acknowledged the governor signing the
       | bill, or filed any "agreement" with the governor or a changed
       | version of the document. The New York State Assembly[2] has noted
       | the signing and memorandum under actions, but published neither,
       | nor an updated version of the bill.
       | 
       | Are such "agreements to last minute changes" an actual thing in
       | New York? Without changing the document number? Without filing
       | the changes in a public documentation system? Without Senate and
       | Assembly voting on the changes and documenting the vote? Can the
       | New York State governor just scribble annotations in the margins
       | when signing bills and those also become law?
       | 
       | My first guess was that the memorandum includes a badly worded
       | summary of the changes made earlier this year (S4104 -> S4104A)
       | which passed the Senate and Assembly in June. But the memorandum
       | mentions "provide assemblies of parts instead of individual
       | components", which is the main hot button issue in the video, as
       | well as eliminating the requirement to override security
       | features, a big change to section 2.B of the bill, and exempting
       | business-to-business and business-to-government sales. None of
       | that seems to be present in document S4104A. So the memorandum
       | seems to not be talking about the changes made earlier this year.
       | 
       | Is the text of the memorandum about some agreement between
       | governor and legislative complete and utter nonsense? Does the
       | legislative process in New York State allow such last minute
       | changes?
       | 
       | The more i look at this, the worse it gets. There is a lot of
       | criticize this bill for, like exempting motor vehicles and home
       | appliances even if they include electronics. Some rather weird
       | notice about federal law having a problem with repairing gaming
       | consoles. But more than the law itself the process is broken. Why
       | is the only source of this memorandum the twitter account of a
       | journalist[3]? There is a press release on the governors
       | website[4] but where is the canonical source of the memorandum?
       | Does the Governor of New York State not operate a public filing
       | system? And who is responsible to publish the actual signed bill
       | to the public? According to Wikipedia[5] getting deep insight
       | into the legislative process requires a paid subscription. WTF?
       | 
       | New York State may need to repair more than just their consumer
       | electronics.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | 1: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/s4104/ Bill
       | according to Senate
       | 
       | 2: https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A07006&term=2021&Actions=Y Bill
       | according to Assembly
       | 
       | 3: https://twitter.com/JonCampbellNY/status/1608327624526548993
       | Memorandum 93
       | 
       | 4: https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-signs-
       | digit... Governors Press Release
       | 
       | 5:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Bill_Drafting_Comm...
        
         | butlerm wrote:
         | As you might expect, the Constitution of New York states: "nor
         | shall any bill be passed or become a law, except by the assent
         | of a majority of the members elected to each branch of the
         | legislature" (Art. III S.14).
         | 
         | "Every bill which shall have passed the senate and assembly
         | shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor;
         | if the governor approve, he or she shall sign it; but if not,
         | he or she shall return it with his or her objections to the
         | house in which it shall have originated, which shall enter the
         | objections at large on the journal, and proceed to reconsider
         | it" (Art IV S.7).
         | 
         | So if a governor doesn't want to sign a bill, he/she may veto
         | it and explain why, come to an agreement about what is
         | acceptable, and then a revised version would have to be adopted
         | in identical form by both houses before it was ready to sign
         | again.
        
         | LightHugger wrote:
         | I am also broadly confused about the actual mechanism of how
         | this happened, and the paper trail which seems to not exist.
         | 
         | They probably but it out at this time intentionally while the
         | government lumbers through the holidays...
        
       | crmd wrote:
       | I wonder what Gov Hochul's powerbrokers got in return from the
       | manufacturers in exchange for sabotaging this bill.
        
       | smnrchrds wrote:
       | I believe the analysis. Here in Canada, the government passed a
       | law not that long ago (during the pandemic) to enshrine rights of
       | passengers for delayed and cancelled flights, which included
       | right to specific amounts of monetary compensation in those
       | scenarios. The law, however, had an exception, where no
       | compensation is due if the flight is delayed or cancelled due to
       | a safety issue. Lo and behold, the airlines have started
       | classifying almost every delay and cancellation as a safety issue
       | [1] and denying compensation claims left and right.
       | 
       | [1] Here is an example of how ridiculously far the airlines have
       | gone in claiming everything is a safety issue, even when it is
       | things completely within their power to control:
       | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/air-canada-denies-compensatio...
        
         | ericd wrote:
         | I don't know if they're operating yet for Canadian flights, but
         | there are at least a few companies that will go through the
         | hassle of battling it out with European airlines in exchange
         | for a cut of the proceeds. Worked for us when Swiss tried to
         | give us the runaround by inappropriately using a similar
         | exception to the one you're describing.
        
         | switch007 wrote:
         | Entirely predictable if you follow the history of the same
         | protections in the EU. Many get out clauses and varying
         | interpretations of the legislation meant lots of weaselling out
         | claims. Many things were "extraordinary circumstances"
         | 
         | There have been various court cases to clarify and strengthen
         | the regulations.
         | 
         | It will take another 5 years probably for the Canadian
         | regulations to have a serious effect which gives the airlines
         | plenty of time to shaft customers in another manner.
        
         | flipbrad wrote:
         | Lying to avoid a loss would be fraud, and therefore a pretty
         | dangerous game.
        
           | ddeck wrote:
           | But unfortunately pretty routine. In two out of two cases
           | where I've claimed compensation for delayed/cancelled flights
           | under the EU law, the airlines have outright lied about the
           | causes and denied compensation.
           | 
           | In both cases, they were forced to pay out in arbitration
           | after the arbitor determined that their stated causes were
           | false (e.g. providing the tail number for a different
           | aircraft that was legitimately delayed) , but there was no
           | penalty for lying.
           | 
           | In such an environment, it's quite rational for them to lie
           | and deny.
        
         | jackmott wrote:
         | Surely these are engineered in cooperation with corporations so
         | that politicians can get their win with the electorate and eat
         | their corporate cash too?
        
         | genocidicbunny wrote:
         | They should make an addendum that any safety-related
         | cancellations require a full inspection/re-certification of the
         | aircraft that takes either a lot of time or a lot of money to
         | go through. And any crew involved will be required to pass some
         | sort of check flight or related process (at company cost of
         | course.)
         | 
         | Make spurious 'safety' cancellations expensive, very expensive.
        
           | josephcsible wrote:
           | That would defeat the purpose. The point of the carveout is
           | so that we don't accidentally incentivize the airlines to fly
           | a flight that should be canceled for safety reasons, and this
           | would do exactly that.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Indeed. I feel like so many of these arguments that
             | "airlines are making up fake safety or weather cancellation
             | reasons; when's the last time an airline crashed from a
             | safety or weather reason; they're over-stating the risks
             | just to get out of paying penalties!" seemingly without
             | reflecting on _why_ the second clause is the case.
        
             | ALittleLight wrote:
             | Perhaps they could require the people who make the go/no-go
             | decision on flight safety to visit a prison every three
             | months and receive a lecture on how this will be their new
             | home if they knowingly approve a plane not safe to fly.
        
               | justsomehnguy wrote:
               | You are forgetting what the decision to blanket
               | everything as a safety issue came not from the people who
               | make the go/no-go decision on flight safety.
               | 
               | As a sibling comment says it would be just swept under
               | the rug until planes start to fall.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Threatening people does not improve safety, as people
               | will tend to hide the issues instead of exposing them so
               | they're fixed.
        
         | noisy_boy wrote:
         | > Lo and behold, the airlines have started classifying almost
         | every delay and cancellation as a safety issue
         | 
         | Then the regulators should be asking why there are so many
         | safety issues? Seems like by the airlines' own admission, this
         | is a perfect ground for a full investigation and penalties in
         | case the issues are found to be misclassified under the
         | category of safety.
        
           | pibechorro wrote:
           | And regulators all the way down.. regulations seldom work
           | without unintended consequences and people finding loopholes
           | or blackmarkets. They do more harm than good.
        
             | mjhay wrote:
             | Personally I think aircraft safety regulations do plenty of
             | good.
        
               | eastbound wrote:
               | Note that the aircraft industry, although state-
               | regulated, almost behaves as self-regulated since
               | airlines are mostly demanding of excellent regulations
               | and high safety standards to reassure passengers. Very
               | different from, say, Dupont (chemicals), who is regulated
               | for OSHA reasons, but who would always find workers even
               | if they dived at Bophal levels of safety.
        
               | diffxx wrote:
               | I'm inclined to agree, but I am somewhat curious about
               | this. The Boeing 737 max crashes certainly demonstrate
               | that the industry does not universally prioritize safety
               | above all. At the same time, there are strong incentives
               | for any airline to not have a catastrophic safety
               | incident. I recently flew on a 737 max and was willing to
               | do so not so much because the FAA cleared them to fly but
               | because I assume the pilots are not suicidal. In the
               | absence of strong government safety regulations would
               | things just devolve to YOLO? I'm not sure either way.
               | Having said that, Chesterton's fence applies to any
               | existing regulations.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | This might be more of a reflection on the governance where
             | you are. The idea of an unregulated country sounds terrible
             | to me, and I am unaware of examples of it working. Most
             | countries regulate things like aircraft safety with good
             | effect. Regulating certain professions to ensure minimum
             | standards is another good example.
             | 
             | If you have any interest, check out the below link for a
             | great piece of legislation. It protects NZ consumers and
             | effectively puts a warranty on everything you buy here.
             | 
             | Another example which I appreciate every day is the
             | regulation imposed on our telecommunications industry. We
             | have gone from a trash copper network to an excellent fibre
             | network that is fast and inexpensive to use - all via
             | regulation, investment and legislation.
             | 
             | Regulation works just fine when done properly, and I'd like
             | more of it here in NZ. I'd like the supermarket monopoly
             | broken up via regulation. I'd also like the building
             | supplies and fuels racket broken up.
             | 
             | https://www.consumerprotection.govt.nz/general-
             | help/consumer...
        
             | orangepurple wrote:
             | They may do harm, significant harm, but it is unfair to
             | categorically claim that the harm is greater than the good.
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | You need to be very very very careful not to disincentivize
           | people declaring safety issues. They should really just
           | unwind the wrong incentive and handle it differently.
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | Random spot checks of declared safety incidents + serious
             | penalties for fraud (which this is if the companies are
             | lying about safety incidents to avoid paying out
             | compensation) is probably sufficient without changing any
             | regulations in any meaningful way. No regulation is perfect
             | but it's quite surprising how effective regulations become
             | when you start spot checking whether everyone is being
             | honest.
        
               | Waterluvian wrote:
               | Are you describing what food agencies do with their
               | pseudorandom inspections? Because indeed those seem to
               | work very well at a relatively low cost.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | Under what basis do you have to claim those "random"
               | inspections "work very well"
               | 
               | Personally I believe they do almost nothing. Food born
               | illness is pretty common and almost impossible to trace
               | unless it is a wide spread outbreak.
               | 
               | Many cities only inspect a food establishment every 2-3
               | years and in some cases as long as 5 years.
               | 
               | I think reputation, and economics play a larger factor in
               | safety then government inspections. Dirty places making
               | their customers ill tend to close long before the
               | government inspectors come around.
        
               | Waterluvian wrote:
               | What country are you referring to?
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | Given we are in a topic thread about the US State of NY,
               | about a Law in NY State. I am referring to the US, and
               | Specifically NY which has been famous for their health
               | dept in come cases not inspecting places for years
        
               | Waterluvian wrote:
               | Gotcha. My only experience is with Ontario. Fair to
               | assume we were sticking to NY. :)
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | Sure that's one example but I think there's various
               | things like this. You have to make sure that
               | investigators can also be made undercover where makes
               | sense (if it's possible to obfuscate malfeasance) and
               | rotate the inspector's physical location (to avoid
               | potential for corruption due to personal relationships).
               | You always still have other corruption vectors (eg
               | getting buddy buddy with the inspector's boss and
               | influencing them indirectly). It's an unsolved problem
               | but you can always do better than nothing.
        
               | mywacaday wrote:
               | Penalties need to include individuals and not just
               | companies.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | They only care about safety issues during flight. Flights
           | that dont happen are not a "flight safety" issue. The safest
           | trip is always the one that doesnt try to leave the ground.
        
             | nix23 wrote:
             | Most safety issues to planes happen on the ground...just
             | saying.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | I said try to leave the ground. Planes that never leave
               | the gate are generally rather safe.
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | No...that was was my point they are not.
        
             | noisy_boy wrote:
             | That is an odd take - so any shit can happen to the
             | customers as long as they don't get in the air? IMHO they
             | should also care about customers being cheated out of
             | compensation on account of misclassification of the reason
             | for the flights being cancelled.
        
             | ct0 wrote:
             | Is it a trip if it doesn't leave the ground?
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | On the other hand, punishing an airline for a delay due to a
         | safety issue can have worse consequences.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | > punishing an airline
           | 
           | The airline isn't being "punished" - they're being required
           | to either complete a contract, or to compensate their
           | counterparty for their failure to complete.
           | 
           | To take the example upthread, if the pizzaiolo drops a screw
           | in my pizza, the resulting safety issue doesn't void the
           | contract; he has to go off and make me a new pizza, or give
           | my money back. It's not a punishment. If he can't complete on
           | the contracts he makes, he has to stop selling pizzas or go
           | broke.
           | 
           | I don't know any good reason why airlines shouldn't be
           | subject to normal contract law.
        
         | flenserboy wrote:
         | Such things are rarely, if ever, included accidentally. There
         | is far too much collusion between regulators and the regulated,
         | and that hand-in-hand attitude moves upstream to those who
         | write the laws and give them to the legislators to introduce.
        
         | causi wrote:
         | _The law, however, had an exception, where no compensation is
         | due if the flight is delayed or cancelled due to a safety
         | issue._
         | 
         | This makes no sense at all. If I order a pizza and it doesn't
         | show up the reason it doesn't show up is completely irrelevant;
         | they still owe me my money back.
        
           | vinaypai wrote:
           | This isn't about refunds for the fare paid. This is about the
           | ADDITIONAL $1000 compensation that airlines owe for last
           | minute cancellation.
        
           | SECProto wrote:
           | The above comment wasnt complete. The airline must still
           | provide either a refund or alternate travel arrangements
           | (regardless of if a delay is within their control or not).
           | There is additional monetary compensation required if the
           | flight is delayed by more than a certain number of hours (but
           | only if it is within the airline's control)
           | 
           | I've made about $1400 from delayed flights in the last 3
           | years
        
           | ammar2 wrote:
           | I think the reasoning would be to disincentivize airlines
           | from potentially flying a plane that is unsafe to avoid
           | paying out.
        
             | rendaw wrote:
             | If they suddenly have way more safety issues, the logical
             | next step would be to prevent them from operating an
             | airline, right?
             | 
             | All this says to me is that the government does nothing to
             | prevent hugely unsafe airlines from operating.
             | 
             | The cancellation loophole seems fine to me, it's the
             | followthrough that's concerning. What am I missing here?
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | > If they suddenly have way more safety issues, the
               | logical next step would be to prevent them from operating
               | an airline, right?
               | 
               | Thing is, you, as an external observer, can't tell.
               | 
               | There are a zillion things that slightly increase risk.
               | If a manager ignores a couple to avoid having a black
               | mark due to costing the company money its very unlikely
               | to bite him in any way that can be pinned on him. But the
               | combination of a very large number of these little
               | decisions will eventually result in a crash.
               | 
               | And before you ask, no, saying "well you just tell
               | everyone they must take no risks at all or its prison
               | time" is not the answer as that will basically kill the
               | airlines as a form of mass transit, leading to everyone
               | taking the more dangerous car trips. There's always
               | something more that can be done to reduce risk.
        
               | makapuf wrote:
               | Or reduce passenger travelling, which in the current days
               | of possible zoom meetings and climate disruption would be
               | a net positive.
        
             | chii wrote:
             | > flying a plane that is unsafe
             | 
             | which is already illegal, and has consequences. The airline
             | will probably lose reputation and business if the public
             | catches wind of it. The exception for cancellation should
             | not have been in place, except as a way for airlines to get
             | out of the obligations but also allow law makers to be seen
             | to be doing something. Basically theater.
        
             | Zuiii wrote:
             | Then have a panel from canada's regulatory body review
             | every case and fine those who misclassify their
             | cancellation, then have an independent audit of those
             | panels to avoid regulatory capture.
        
               | pixelfarmer wrote:
               | No, I would remove the exception and put up even heftier
               | fines (i.e. costs more than the (partial) refunding) for
               | safety violations. There should be structures and
               | procedures for that in place already and you avoid
               | creating even more bureacraziness with all the problems
               | that brings.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | That just incentivizes better lying, not better safety.
               | These rules have been written in blood many times over.
        
               | pixelfarmer wrote:
               | You mean better lying than they already do by
               | reclassifying everything as a "safety issue" to avoid
               | paying out customers because they skipped on a lot of
               | things already to increase "shareholder value" or other
               | such garbage?
               | 
               | I just hope they don't drain additional time & people to
               | check into each of these "safety issues" now, thinning
               | out the crowd who will also check into actual incidents
               | ...
        
               | skfingngihg wrote:
               | Good point. disincentivize Lax maintenance even more,
               | airlines should want their planes to be in good condition
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | That's labor intensive. You could always set a
               | threshold.. where if more than X% of your flights are
               | canceled due to safety issues in any month, your
               | maintenance operation gets fully audited.
        
               | remote_phone wrote:
               | Who is on the regulatory body that reviews these cases?
               | Probably friends of the airline industry.
        
               | jonahx wrote:
               | All problems in computer science can be solved by another
               | level of indirection, except for the problem of too many
               | layers of indirection.
        
               | Zuiii wrote:
               | The idea of having multiple layers is to make foul play
               | more difficult to cover up; i.e the chances of someone
               | screwing up grows exponentially with every person you
               | add.
        
               | pixelfarmer wrote:
               | That assumes that every person you add has the ability to
               | understand all the details plus is actually willing to do
               | their best to find any remaining issues. Somehow this
               | doesn't match up with my real world experience. It also
               | assumes that convoluted rules will hinder larger
               | companies from exploiting the rules, which is actually
               | the other way around: The larger they are, the better
               | they get at finding loopholes and using them for their
               | own gains. Plus you make it increasingly more difficult
               | to see where your regulatory body has been compromised.
               | 
               | Humans don't work like tech, so adding more and more
               | layers doesn't help really, and I haven't found any
               | organizational form which can inherently prevent humans
               | from being human, it just doesn't exist. For example, all
               | the "paperwork" around safety only works if humans are
               | actually interested in maximizing safety and not just
               | filling out papers.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | The safety issues have nothing to do with the planes. They
             | are to do with lack of crew to fly the planes. The airlines
             | are not maintaining a sufficient reserve of backup crews
             | because doing so costs money. The is profiteering under the
             | guises of "safety".
        
           | Sakos wrote:
           | We accidentally dropped a screw in your pizza and had to
           | cancel it as a safety issue. Sorry, no refunds. Brilliant!
        
             | noisy_boy wrote:
             | I think the response to that would be (based on the
             | assumption that this safety clause is being routinely
             | thrown around), "why do you keep dropping screws in so many
             | pizzas?"
        
           | HWR_14 wrote:
           | They want to avoid the following situation. X% of the time a
           | plane crashes and costs $Y. It costs $Z to cancel/delay a
           | flight due to penalties and compensation. $Z > X% of $Y,
           | therefore fly the unsafe flight. So they lower $Y in the case
           | that it's a safety issue to save lives.
        
             | xg15 wrote:
             | The free market at work. "Do you want me to provide _plain_
             | bad service or bad service that also puts the customers '
             | lives at risk? The choice is yours, dear regulator!"
             | 
             | But more seriously, I think the sibling posts are right
             | here: A plane crash is more than a monetary risk: In the
             | worst case, managers of the airline could be criminally
             | liable for lost lives.
        
               | heywhatupboys wrote:
               | > The free market at work.
               | 
               | Do you have any clue how dangerous Soviet passenger
               | aircraft and their flights were, compared to their
               | Western counterparts?
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Russia continues to have a dismal aviation safety record.
               | 
               | The West has largely _regulated away_ airline crashes -
               | the last in the US was in 2009, and it 's down 95% in
               | fatalities-per-passenger in the last two decades or so.
               | Stuff like the 1500 hour rule certainly weren't industry
               | initiatives.
        
               | jtc331 wrote:
               | The 1500 hour rule didn't improve safety, and, in fact
               | was applied as supposed remedy in response to a pilot-
               | error caused crash in which the pilot had well more than
               | the 1500 hours of flight time.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > The 1500 hour rule didn't improve safety
               | 
               | That's hard to assess on an individual level, especially
               | with how rare crashes are today; confidently stating it
               | did nothing is hard to support. On a collective level,
               | the impact of the entire set of regulations on safety is
               | very clear.
               | 
               | > was applied as supposed remedy
               | 
               | No. The post-Buffalo changes included some direct changes
               | like the rules on pilot fatigue. They also included some
               | proactive changes like the 1500 rule.
               | 
               | We don't have to wait for a crash to make things safer.
        
               | theydidnt wrote:
               | Nobody does, because the Soviets didn't record data even
               | vaguely accurately. The human origins of these behaviours
               | are deeply woven into these cultures.
               | 
               | There are countless examples of this, but the most
               | transparent I've come across is Chernobyl.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | The free market at work also generated the airlines and
               | travel industry that so many enjoy. We created the FAA
               | and other entities to regulate the market participants to
               | make sure we get the outcome we desire while balancing
               | generating economic activity. If something isn't working
               | right, it's the responsibility of regulators to fix the
               | problem, or ultimately the people to elect
               | representatives who will.
               | 
               | This casual cynicism regarding markets is dangerous and
               | infectious because instead of focusing on fixing problems
               | that have solutions via the levers of government, people
               | give up completely and then nothing is ever made better.
               | We need more participation in government, not less. When
               | you toss up anything bad as "that's the free market
               | folks!", people have no recourse. They can't vote away
               | airlines. So you end up directing action toward something
               | that can't be actioned upon. It's misdirection.
               | 
               | Also claiming that "this is the free market" ignores the
               | _vast_ civilian infrastructure that is built and
               | maintained by the State and regulatory agencies and
               | practices that have been created. Not to mention bailouts
               | in the past of bankrupted airlines and such. Airlines in
               | particular are not a good example of "that's the free
               | market", and even so markets don't operate in a vacuum,
               | they serve at the behest of the people and the
               | government.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > The free market at work also generated the airlines and
               | travel industry that so many enjoy.
               | 
               | Well, that and all the government spending on aviation in
               | WWII.
        
               | dsfyu404ed wrote:
               | The airline industry and its basic economic model already
               | existed in the 1930s. All the money did was accelerate
               | the inevitable by 20yr.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | > This casual cynicism regarding markets is dangerous and
               | infectious because instead of focusing on fixing problems
               | that have solutions via the levers of government, people
               | give up completely and then nothing is ever made better.
               | 
               | I don't think this follows, and I think it's because
               | you're missing a piece of what's going on here.
               | 
               | You seem to be coming to this from a perspective of "
               | _obviously_ , a healthy system has a market with sensible
               | regulations on it."
               | 
               | That's a world away from where most people (or at least,
               | the _loudest_ people) who criticize regulations are
               | coming from, which is basically,  "Unregulated free
               | markets solve all problems, and government only creates
               | problems."
               | 
               | If you feel like you're seeing a lot of cynicism directed
               | at "free markets", this is likely why: it's a reaction
               | against these extremely vocal "drown-government-in-a-
               | bathtub" types.
               | 
               | Thing is, there are generally two different things that
               | people can mean when they say "free market":
               | 
               | 1. A "market economy", as contrasted with a "command
               | economy"--ie, more or less the way the US does things, as
               | opposed to the way the Soviet Union did things.
               | 
               | 2. An "ideal free market", as described by Adam Smith,
               | which can, in theory, ensure that many systems find a
               | stable, efficient equilibrium that balances consumer
               | desires with producer desires.
               | 
               | The problem is that, however much many (particularly of
               | the Libertarian bent) wish to believe in it, the latter
               | is not _real_. It is a thought experiment, and it
               | requires a bunch of conditions that don 't always apply
               | (eg, perfect information, commoditization, etc). The
               | other problem, of course, is that as I said, the two are
               | often called "free markets" interchangeably without
               | clarification, which leads to much confusion.
        
               | xg15 wrote:
               | > _and it requires a bunch of conditions that don 't
               | always apply (eg, perfect information, commoditization,
               | etc)_
               | 
               | Not only this, but large parts of the current economy
               | only function _because_ the conditions don 't apply.
               | 
               | E.g., we know that humans don't make perfectly rational
               | decisions but are influenced by all kinds of biases, etc.
               | And we have the entire advertising and marketing sector
               | that does nothing else than exploit those biases.
               | 
               | Yet at the same time, whenever there is the risk of new
               | regulation being introduced, the fantasy of the perfectly
               | informed, fully rational consumer is pulled out of the
               | box...
        
               | skywal_l wrote:
               | Agreed. Just a nitpick, when I think of libertarian
               | absolutists, I don't necessarily think about Adam Smith.
               | I haven't read "Wealth of Nations", but I believe he was
               | much more reasonable than an Ayn Rand for example.
               | 
               | American style libertarian absolutists are usually not
               | very subtle, sometimes even clownish like she was.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | From what I understand, having also not read The Wealth
               | of Nations, Adam Smith had some...biases and blind spots,
               | but was overall talking about useful ideas.
               | 
               | Thing is, he recognized them as _theoretical_. Too many
               | of the people parroting them think they were meant to be
               | applied directly to the real world, as if we had an
               | actual spherical market cow in a vacuum.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | > If you feel like you're seeing a lot of cynicism
               | directed at "free markets", this is likely why: it's a
               | reaction against these extremely vocal "drown-government-
               | in-a-bathtub" types.
               | 
               | Yea but that's bad because it's unsophisticated and it
               | also creates people who start to believe that the market
               | mechanic _is_ a bad thing or the source of their
               | problems, when it's not. This creates bad ideas, cynicism
               | because you can't take action against this invisible
               | market, or people lose interest in participating in
               | government.
               | 
               | > The other problem, of course, is that as I said, the
               | two are often called "free markets" interchangeably
               | without clarification, which leads to much confusion.
               | 
               | That's the fault of the author.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | And with respect to additional compensation for delays,
               | it's arguable that _may_ be a good thing as a matter of
               | policy. But people should understand that the net effect
               | is to add a surcharge to all airline tickets to cover
               | both expected payments and the cost of additional slack
               | airlines may build into their systems to reduce delays.
               | 
               | Which may be reasonable as a matter of policy. Increase
               | ticket prices, hopefully reduce delays, and provide
               | compensation when delays happen anyway. That may be a
               | reasonable tradeoff but not sure everyone would agree.
               | 
               | ADDED: The strongest argument is probably that, while it
               | will increase prices somewhat, it encourages airlines to
               | build more slack into the system at the cost of some
               | efficiency. But that may be a net positive given that
               | delays externalize costs, including non-monetary ones,
               | onto all passengers--including those that are less price-
               | sensitive.
        
             | RobotToaster wrote:
             | Wouldn't the genuine answer to that be to increase the cost
             | of a plane crashing by a lot?
        
               | felipelemos wrote:
               | The genuine answer is to held criminally liable the
               | responsibles for allowing an unsafe flight to take off.
        
             | sorokod wrote:
             | Who are "they"and why would "they" want to do that?
             | 
             | Asking because flying passengers on unsafe planes is
             | already illegal.
        
               | true_religion wrote:
               | They are the Canadian government and they want to do that
               | because keeping their citizens alive is part of their
               | job.
        
               | butlerm wrote:
               | Not as much of their job as it used to be unfortunately.
               | But that is a topic for another day.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Presumably someone who flies on planes, because they
               | don't want the plane they're on to crash.
        
           | russell_h wrote:
           | I don't know anything about Canadian travel law, but I assume
           | there is no question that the airline must deliver the
           | service you paid for.
           | 
           | It reads to me like this law was intended to provide
           | additional compensation to passengers who are delayed. The EU
           | has something similar.
        
         | perryizgr8 wrote:
         | The error is in trying to handle such a specific situation in
         | the law. This should be sorted out using some form of court. If
         | a customer is unhappy about any aspect of the service from any
         | business, he can approach the court and the judge will decide
         | what is appropriate. No super specific laws.
        
           | switch007 wrote:
           | Courts are indeed famously level playing fields and easy and
           | cheap to access for the common man.
        
             | perryizgr8 wrote:
             | If courts being inaccessible is the problem, then we should
             | solve that. Not introduce insanely specific laws like this
             | which are prone to abuse.
        
         | dsfyu404ed wrote:
         | > Here is an example of how ridiculously far the airlines have
         | gone in claiming everything is a safety issue,
         | 
         | These outlandish claims wouldn't work nearly as well as they do
         | if claims of safety didn't cause a large part of the population
         | to turn off their brain and side with whoever's making the
         | claim regardless of the details.
         | 
         | Safety is often used as one of our modern analogs of "god's
         | will."
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | That's interesting. At first glance, a safety issue looks
         | plausible. But if it turns out someone is playing business
         | optimization games with safety issues, by consciously creating
         | the safety issues, with the intention of using them to get out
         | of some other regulatory compliance... that doesn't sound in
         | the spirit of the aviation safety programs.
         | 
         | In the US, I suspect that pretty much any personnel who
         | observed this could raise it as an issue through an FAA safety
         | reporting program. There are some protections for reporters.
         | 
         | (These programs, and the people and organizations who
         | participate in them, are a big part of why aviation is as safe
         | as it is. It's something a lot of people seem to take very
         | seriously. It's pretty inspiring, IMHO, and if only we could
         | collectively believe in other common goals like this, and
         | execute as well.)
        
           | Sakos wrote:
           | It's likely that there just isn't any legal oversight. They
           | made this loophole, but there are intentionally no provisions
           | to ensure it isn't abused. This is something that would need
           | to be legislated again, but if they screwed up this badly
           | this time (on purpose), I doubt that'll ever happen.
        
             | neilv wrote:
             | Aviation safety has oversight, whether or not this
             | consumer-oriented legislation does.
        
               | Sakos wrote:
               | Of course, that's not what I said.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | We need some 3-strike rules for companies. Three 3-strikes like
         | wrong reasons used and you are permanently out. Your property
         | is confiscated and sold, wages are paid out, any debtors are
         | paid if there is any money and rest is forfeited as penalty to
         | state.
        
           | subradios wrote:
           | "Be a good person" is not a law I want anyone writing,
           | because such a policy relies on the moral fortitude of random
           | executive bureaucrats.
           | 
           | "Wrong" reason is subjective. Tickets are nonrefundable
           | because otherwise the network doesn't work, financially.
           | Every hole in that increases costs far beyond the refunds
           | themselves further down the line.
           | 
           | Air travel is not a high margin, luxury product, it's a lot
           | margin mass market product with tons of competition - ergo
           | costs are cut wherever possible. When you force airlines to
           | take on costs for moral reasons, they basically are obligated
           | to find as narrow an application of the moral reasoning as
           | possible to keep costs down.
        
             | scarface74 wrote:
             | I fly a lot. But only on Delta and American. So I can't
             | speak to the other airlines. But they both have three tiers
             | of tickets for the same main cabin seating. For Delta those
             | are basic, main and main refundable.
             | 
             | Looking at a random domestic flight. The difference between
             | the three tiers are about $30-$45 each.
             | 
             | Never buy Basic. But if you at least by the middle tier,
             | while the tickets aren't refundable, you can change the
             | tickets without paying a fee or cancel a flight and get a
             | credit that's good for year.
             | 
             | The network works fine with people cancelling and changing
             | flights all of the time.
        
               | free652 wrote:
               | The difference is a lot more, I usually see >100. But
               | even for a cheap flight that was 138 jet blue basic, it's
               | 60 for the middle tier and 110 extra for the refundable.
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | The middle tier is the real price in my opinion. The only
               | reason the basic tier is there is as upsell opportunity
               | and meant to be punishing.
               | 
               | I read somewhere that only 5% of seats sold on Delta are
               | basic. I get it. It's meant for people who are price
               | sensitive. But aren't those the ones who can least afford
               | to lose money if something happens?
        
               | jsjohnst wrote:
               | > I read somewhere that only 5% of seats sold on Delta
               | are basic. I get it. It's meant for people who are price
               | sensitive.
               | 
               | Anecdata, but I believe most "basic" tickets on the big
               | US airlines were paid for by someone other than the
               | flyer. If an individual themselves were price sensitive,
               | they'd fly a budget airline like say Spirit more than
               | likely.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | It's expensive to be poor--the good old "Vimes Boots
               | Theory of economic unfairness".[0]
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boots_theory
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | Also see: I always suggest young people with limited but
               | stable income to buy newer cars with warranties. They can
               | least afford unexpected repairs.
        
               | smcin wrote:
               | Exactly. Basic Economy fares were created by airlines to
               | artificially prevent them losing rankings against
               | competitors (esp. LCCs) in the results box for OTEs like
               | Google Flights, Kayak/Booking Holdings,
               | Skyscanner/Trip.com.
               | 
               | I've had a customer rep openly admit to me that they
               | don't expect that anyone should ever actually fly this
               | fare, and strongly discourage them for "satisfaction
               | reasons".
               | 
               | Yet another weaselly practice I found out the hard way
               | recently was that some airlines rules (e.g. JetBlue)
               | intentionally restrict it so that if one leg on a return
               | ticket is Basic Economy, the other one must be too (even
               | if it's priced $$ higher than plain Economy, as was in my
               | case. It tooks me 2hrs of searches mysteriously failing
               | when I tried to checkout ("Rule XXX does not allow this
               | itinerary" and then it invalidates your entire flight
               | search incl. seat assignments). Like the booking process
               | couldn't simply tell you upfront. I called the support
               | number and offered to show them a screenshot of the price
               | difference and they didn't care. It was intentionally
               | impossible to find the cheapest roundtrip price for my
               | itinerary on their own website for any economy search,
               | because their internal search engine typically shows the
               | "cheapest economy fare" which will invariably tend to be
               | basic economy for one segment; and of course this result
               | is garbage if you have bags, which their engine doesn't
               | even allow you specify. So you use a third-party OTE
               | search engine.)
               | 
               | It's amazing the number of opaque anti-consumer practices
               | the US airline industry gets away with.
               | 
               | The only legit use-case for a Basic Economy fare is a
               | price-sensitive last-minute passenger who's 100% sure of
               | their travel date(s)/one-way and has no luggage, or is
               | willing to do without. Essentially what standby (or
               | compassionate fares) used to be back in the 1990s, before
               | the industry quietly killed those off.
        
             | remote_phone wrote:
             | > Tickets are nonrefundable because otherwise the network
             | doesn't work, financially.
             | 
             | This is 100% false. Southwest Airlines is one of the most
             | profitable airlines in the US and their refund policy for
             | refundable flights is a full refund up to 10 mins before
             | the flight. For nonrefundable flights you get full credit
             | if you cancel up to 10 mins before your flight, with no
             | additional fees.
             | 
             | During the pandemic, ALL airlines moved to full credit with
             | no change fees if you cancelled your flight. Previously
             | they would have absurd $200 change fees or loss of your
             | flight.
             | 
             | The idea that airlines can't survive with flexible,
             | consumer friendly policies is a lie. Things like the check
             | in fees or fuel surcharge are pure profit.
        
               | xwdv wrote:
               | The airlines were buoyed by PPP loans.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Which didn't even fully cover the dramatic drop in
               | customers let alone these policy changes.
               | 
               | What people forget is companies are in competition, if
               | every airline is forced to refund ticks then the industry
               | simply reaches a new equilibrium with very slightly
               | higher ticket prices. However, if any airline defects to
               | worse customer service they all end up doing the same.
               | Thus the need for customer focused regulations.
        
               | butlerm wrote:
               | Airlines did not qualify for PPP loans. They did receive
               | substantial direct support from the federal government
               | however. PPP "loans" were reserved for businesses with
               | less than five hundred employees that weren't worth very
               | much (relatively speaking) either.
        
               | xwdv wrote:
               | So even better than PPP loans??
        
               | smcin wrote:
               | No it's not 100% false, it's about 70% correct, refunds
               | are in (expiring, non-transferable) flight credits not
               | money-back. The preceding poster said "your money back"
               | not "flight credits".
               | 
               | Flight credits expire (with US carriers, typically in 12
               | months, sometimes within only 3 months (Spirit), with
               | European carriers, sometimes up to 3 years), and cannot
               | be transferred to any other passenger [0], unlike even
               | airmiles; and using them with partner airlines can be
               | restricted; many passengers are unaware of much of that
               | and airlines do not point it out, and rely on the fact
               | that passengers may not realize till the credit has
               | expired.
               | 
               | (In 7/2022, Southwest did uniquely eliminate expiration
               | on flight credits unexpired from July 28, 2022 onward.)
               | 
               | Just because an airline only initially offers
               | (restricted, expiring) travel credits, doesn't mean much;
               | in some cases [1] passengers may be entitled to an actual
               | money-back refund: (a) canceled flight b) passenger has
               | documented medical circumstance c) cancellations due to
               | Covid d) possibly other circumstance). One excellent
               | advocacy resource is [2] Elliott.org 12/2022: "The
               | complete guide to using your airline flight credit now".
               | EU regulations are more pro-passenger than USDOT.
               | 
               | Southwest in 3/2022 unveiled its long-awaited new fare
               | category "Wanna Get Away Plus" whose key perk is the
               | ability to transfer flight credits, which Southwest calls
               | travel funds (which sounds like intentionally misleading
               | language, but anyway). But again, SW charge more for
               | WGA+.
               | 
               | > Southwest Airlines... refund policy for refundable
               | flights is a full refund up to 10 mins before the flight.
               | 
               | But that's the minority case: only Southwest's Anytime
               | and higher fares are (money-back-)refundable, and they
               | are typically way more expensive (2.5-4x) than non-
               | refundable WGA fares. I can't find data but AFAIK most SW
               | non-business passengers are WGA fares.
               | 
               | So the statement:
               | 
               | >> Tickets are nonrefundable because otherwise the
               | network doesn't work, financially.
               | 
               | is in the general case true.
               | 
               | (One well-known travel hack with SWA for frequent
               | travelers who didn't know their departure dates 3 weeks
               | in advance used to be to buy 3+ different non-refundable
               | tickets spaced out by say a week each, then refund
               | whichever tickets you didn't end up needing. This was
               | still cheaper than one Anytime fare.)
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/airline-
               | news/2022/03/2...
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/advice/2020/10
               | /09/flig...
               | 
               | [2]: https://www.elliott.org/ultimate-consumer-guides-
               | smart-trave...
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | > Tickets are nonrefundable because otherwise the network
             | doesn't work, financially.
             | 
             | Wait. I don't understand you. "Nonrefundable" means to me
             | that you who bought a ticket can't decide to not fly and
             | ask for your money back.
             | 
             | If the airline for whatever reason decides to not fly the
             | route, or doesn't have the capacity then that is a
             | different thing altogether. Are you arguing that it is okay
             | for an airline to take your money, do not provide you with
             | the service promised and keep your money?
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | Haha. As long as lobying is legal this will not happen.
           | 
           | The laws are basicaly made by those companies.
        
       | theydidnt wrote:
       | Figures
        
       | spritefs wrote:
       | tl;dr Kathy Hochul sabotaged the version of the bill passed by
       | the state legislature so that it requires only what Apple and
       | Samsung are already doing
       | 
       | The version that came out of the legislature would have required
       | OEMs to sell individual components instead of only larger
       | assemblies. For example, if something on a macbook board breaks
       | they have to sell the individual component. Currently
       | Apple/Samsung require you to buy the whole board for several
       | hundred dollars
       | 
       | reading between the lines here it's likely that Hochul was
       | lobbied by the listed OEMs and NY law allows the governor to make
       | sweeping changes to a bill before signing it (for some reason??
       | doesn't seem very pro-democracy to me). Video title should be
       | "Kathy Hochul Sabotages Right to Repair Bill"
        
         | bubblethink wrote:
         | >(for some reason?? doesn't seem very pro-democracy to me).
         | 
         | Pretty sure that the legislature agreed to the amendment. So
         | the blame should be equally shared by everyone. And democrats
         | wonder why they lose seats in NY.
        
           | phpisthebest wrote:
           | >>Pretty sure that the legislature agreed to the amendment.
           | 
           | Pretty sure the legislature is not currently in session and
           | could not have "agreed" which to most people would be voting
           | on, the amendments to the law.
        
             | bubblethink wrote:
             | "I am pleased to have reached an agreement with the
             | legislature to address these issues," Hochul wrote.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | Yes I am aware of what she said. You have yet to provide
               | what that means, clearly no vote took place as they are
               | not in session. So how did the legislature agree, under
               | what law, rule, or mechanism was this agreement reached.
               | 
               | I have yet to see anyone explain that, they just keel
               | quoting the governor which has zero meaning and given I
               | do not trust the governor I have not reason to trust that
               | statement
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | Basically you want all the blame to fall to her because
               | she's a Democrat whereas the legislator is mixed.
        
               | tohnjitor wrote:
               | The state legislatures in NY are Democrat super
               | majorities. As of Jan. 1 the Assembly will still be
               | majority Democrat but will no longer be a super majority.
               | Super majority meaning the Party can pass any legislation
               | they want and the minority cannot do anything to counter.
        
           | moloch-hai wrote:
           | Corruption is a bipartisan endeavor, particularly in New York
           | and Chicago. But it must be said that it was made wholly
           | legal by W Supreme Court appointees.
        
           | nojito wrote:
           | They lost them because of massive population loss over the
           | last few years.
        
             | phpisthebest wrote:
             | They lost them in terms of population, and the lost them in
             | terms of party flips. The primary reason Republicans have a
             | slim Majority in the next session of the US House is party
             | flips in NY and FL
        
               | keneda7 wrote:
               | There were also a couple seats in CA the left expected to
               | take from the right and failed to do so. The right in CA
               | figured out they need to ballot harvest (it is legal
               | here).
        
         | seanw444 wrote:
         | Mind-blowing that you can have a rare nearly-unanimous decision
         | be reached at a time when agreement is hard to come by, and it
         | still won't get through.
        
           | busterarm wrote:
           | That's NY State politics for as old as time.
           | 
           | Cuomo was famous for pulling this kind of shit regularly,
           | like with the bi-partisan passed E-bike law he vetoed,
           | because he had grudges against sponsors of bills or because
           | they didn't come to him personally and "kiss the ring"[1].
           | 
           | Hochul has proved in short time to be every bit as rotten as
           | her predecessor. Just without the grab-ass.
           | 
           | [1]: trade political favors in exchange for him not vetoing
           | your bill.
        
         | joshspankit wrote:
         | > for several hundred dollars
         | 
         | more to the dangerous point: for whatever amount they choose,
         | even if they are specifically pricing it to make repair
         | unreasonable.
        
       | aaomidi wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | harporoeder wrote:
       | Shameless plug, the organization Louis (and I) work for, FUTO, is
       | hosting a fellowship program sponsoring people to work on open-
       | source software for three months for $20k-$80k and free housing
       | in Austin. Applications are due Jan 1st!
       | 
       | https://futo.org/fellows
        
         | anarticle wrote:
         | Very cool project! Louis is one of my favorite youtubers.
         | 
         | One catch on the site is no definition of FUTO? I looked all
         | over and couldn't find out what the acronym (?) means. Future
         | Use Tech Org? Fun Under The Orange?
        
           | hmnd0 wrote:
           | According to Rossmann's FAQ[1] it's 'supposedly "four letters
           | that sound good together".......'. Someone did also add an
           | entry on Urban Dictionary[2] defining it as "Fuck You, Tech
           | Oligopoly"; seems that's the closest we're gonna get to an
           | answer for now...
           | 
           | [1] https://store.rossmanngroup.com/faq.txt [2]
           | https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=FUTO
        
           | rendall wrote:
           | I'm hoping it's recursive.
           | 
           |  _FUTO Updates The Organization_ or something
        
             | noisy_boy wrote:
             | FUTO Uproots Tech Oligopoly
        
         | nomercy400 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | qzx_pierri wrote:
           | This is a grifty, reddit-tier comment. Try to keep it classy
           | here on HN please.
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | Awesome. I just forwarded this urgently, possibly ruining some
         | people's plans for Saturday. :)
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | Isnt it fully financed by a crypto bro ala SBF "altruism"?
        
         | unnouinceput wrote:
         | This is not shameless plug, this is very late plug considering
         | Jan 1st is less than 24 hours away. Should've done it faster,
         | never heard of this until now.
        
           | readonlybarbie wrote:
           | They've been plugging it elsewhere for quite some time now.
        
           | richbell wrote:
           | So you're saying they should be ashamed... of not promoting
           | it sooner? ;)
        
             | unnouinceput wrote:
             | exactly
        
               | jamiek88 wrote:
               | Has it occurred to you that perhaps this is just the
               | first time YOU are seeing it and that the person you are
               | being rude to isn't a complete idiot?
        
         | starkd wrote:
         | Inappropriate place for a "shameless plug". Try starting a new
         | thread?
        
       | COGlory wrote:
       | I don't understand. The bill was passed with an overwhelming,
       | veto-proof majority. Then it sat on the Governor's desk until she
       | made changes (after intense lobbying)? But the NY legislature is
       | not in session, but the bill is signed? So how were the changes
       | approved by the legislature? What is the precise legal mechanism
       | here? Is this legal? My initial impression is that this is an
       | illegal act of tyranny and should be met like that. The governor
       | should be impeached.
       | 
       | Or, the very fundamentals of the American democratic system have
       | been eroded to a point I previously did not comprehend. This is
       | not anything like the picture Schoolhouse Rock painted about how
       | this all works.
       | 
       | Also, with a veto-proof majority, why on earth would the
       | legislature ever even agree to any changes?
       | 
       | Also also, fuck the governor.
        
         | philistine wrote:
         | You can also blame the system. The fact any sort of executive
         | official can rewrite what the legislative wrote is insane. To
         | hell with your limericks about checks and balances. Once a
         | bill's done, no one ought to be able to stop anything.
        
           | dietr1ch wrote:
           | It's working as intended
        
             | hackernewds wrote:
             | Why so?
        
               | noisy_boy wrote:
               | They probably mean "as intended by lobbyists".
        
               | mxkopy wrote:
               | No, the system was always intended to have entry points
               | for highly interested groups to make a play, at all
               | levels. Remember that many of the balances in place are
               | levied against (what the founders saw as stupid) people
               | represented by popular vote (e.g. the electoral college).
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | Really wish Zeldin wasn't an election denier. That's what made
         | me vote for governor sellout.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | That's such a weird thing to not vote for someone for. I
           | mean, I get it - it's a principled stance and all. But you
           | should never vote on principal. You should vote to win so
           | that the real issues you care about are reified. Principal
           | could make you feel good but you still lost. Winning is the
           | only thing that matters.
        
             | macNchz wrote:
             | Many people consider not having election deniers in
             | government to be a "real issue" in and of itself. Having
             | people in office who sow discord and continue to promulgate
             | a fantasy about election integrity actively takes focus
             | away from more important things.
             | 
             | The winning at-all-costs attitude is what got us here in
             | the first place: people so concerned with winning and
             | having their people in office they don't care if they
             | actually won the election, and tell themselves increasingly
             | nonsensical things to justify it.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | It's about outcomes. If that's an outcome you care
               | greatly about then that's your decision to make. For me
               | it ranks low on the set of outcomes I desire, especially
               | when compared to the outcomes the opposition desires.
               | 
               | The book "Rules for Radicals" talks about this and it has
               | been a tool of left wing activists for 60+ years. You see
               | it today for instance with various activists groups that
               | plea for "our democracy" on one hand while destroying
               | things and disrupting society until they get their way
               | outside the democratic process.
        
               | trinsic2 wrote:
               | The outcome is not in your control. Its like going to a
               | rigged casino and expected to win big. This ideology is
               | really out of touch with reality.
        
               | Terretta wrote:
               | Having elections transition smoothly according to the
               | vote is low on the set of outcomes you desire?
               | 
               | That seems like a meta issue, that if not supported, all
               | other issues are moot. So I'd certainly vote against
               | party on any given platform plank in order to maintain
               | the meta process that applies to both present and all
               | future parties regardless of platform planks.
        
             | armada651 wrote:
             | That kind of cynical thinking is exactly what broke US
             | democracy. Winning at any cost even to the detriment of
             | society as a whole.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | It's from the book "Rules for Radicals" and has been a
               | major part of progressive activists strategy for over 60
               | years. It works.
        
               | armada651 wrote:
               | I didn't say that it doesn't work. It has been a major
               | part of the anti-abortion and pro-gun movements as well
               | and it has been very effective there.
               | 
               | However your quality of life in society is much more
               | important than any single issue. Knowingly voting for a
               | candidate who is not competent just because you agree
               | with them on a single issue will not solve any of the
               | larger issues in society.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | It comes down to pragmatism, not ideology.
               | 
               | Consider you have to 2 groups, A and B, and a set of
               | issues. Each issue has different importance to me and
               | each group has a generally opposing stance on each issue.
               | 
               | One group may have a stance on a subset of issues I
               | generally prefer but more importantly the other group
               | could have a stance on issues that terrify me. Their
               | stance would lead to negative outcomes much worse than
               | negative outcomes from the other group. It could even be
               | that I disagree with many of the stances of the group I
               | vote for but I'm not terrified of the outcomes associated
               | with those stances.
               | 
               | So it is therefore more important to win to stop the
               | opposition group from producing undesirable outcomes.
        
               | Terretta wrote:
               | You're misunderstanding issues versus the mechanism of
               | issue management. You're saying ability to manage issues
               | is less important than any issue being managed, which
               | makes no sense.
               | 
               | Unless, of course, you don't believe in democracy and an
               | election process.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | I believe in winning so the issues I care about most are
               | either acted on or prevented from being acted on. Without
               | winning it's pointless. You need to win to take power so
               | winning is the most important thing before anything else.
               | Everything else has winning as a prerequisite.
        
               | trinsic2 wrote:
               | Thank you for stating the obvious... Man.
        
             | namuol wrote:
             | > Winning is the only thing that matters.
             | 
             | ...assuming you trust the system to enact policies you care
             | about. Punishing the act of disingenuously eroding trust in
             | the system for political gain isn't just a matter of
             | principal but a clear long term strategy. Believe it or not
             | there's another election cycle after this one.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | Next election cycle? Who cares, it will be forgotten by
               | the next news cycle. Keep winning to keep getting your
               | desired outcomes.
        
             | LadyCailin wrote:
             | If you vote for me, I'll work to enact everything you want,
             | but then I'll also ensure I become dictator so that later I
             | can repeal everything I don't like, including most of the
             | things I passed for you. Good news is, you won!
        
           | themitigating wrote:
           | We often have to vote for the lesser of two evils.
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | Not really; I refuse to vote for evil politicians (it keeps
             | my karma nice and shiny). Unless voting is mandatory, you
             | can simply not vote for anyone. My practice is to vote for
             | someone that won't win, like the Greens, but for whom my
             | vote might save them their deposit.
        
               | 62346136 wrote:
               | Refusing to vote doesn't change the outcome if the only
               | choices are bad ones. If anything it means you
               | effectively voted for whoever had the majority in the end
               | and are still guilty of supporting the greater evil if
               | they turn out to be such.
        
               | trinsic2 wrote:
               | >If anything it means you effectively voted for whoever
               | had the majority in the end and are still guilty of
               | supporting the greater evil if they turn out to be such.
               | 
               | Thats red herring. Our electoral system is completely
               | corrupt. The only way your vote would actuallycount is if
               | all of the politicians we're replaced at once. Then maybe
               | there would be an even playing field where it would
               | matter.
               | 
               | Your statement of "you effectively voted for whoever had
               | the majority" is like living in a state controlled by a
               | two party system of gangsters and telling us that we just
               | voted for the greater evil. Our two party system is
               | corrupt, both parties are corrupt, don't lie to yourself.
        
               | esarbe wrote:
               | I think you make it too easy for yourself to drop
               | responsibility. "Both parties are corrupt, everything is
               | corrupt, the system is corrupt" is just a cope out.
               | 
               | There are efforts to introduce alternative voting systems
               | that make 3rd party systems viable. There are efforts to
               | get ~~corruption~~ lobbying out of the system, ...
               | 
               | If you really think that the system is "totally corrupt";
               | do something to fix it.
        
               | trinsic2 wrote:
               | Im not AT ALL responsible for a system that is not
               | controlled by the people.
               | 
               | Yes my "do something" is focusing on supporting
               | grassroots people and efforts that we have direct control
               | over.
               | 
               | I have no interest in supporting systems that are not
               | backed up by common individuals.
        
               | tpmoney wrote:
               | >If anything it means you effectively voted for whoever
               | had the majority in the end and are still guilty of
               | supporting the greater evil if they turn out to be such.
               | 
               | No. This is a nice lie that conveniently encourages one
               | to vote for the major parties but no. If someone comes up
               | to you and offers you a choice of being shot in the arm
               | or shot in the leg and you say "I don't want to be shot
               | at all" you have no moral responsibility for being shot
               | or where you were shot.
        
               | 0dayz wrote:
               | Sure, but then you can't either act surprised when the
               | more evil politicians are elected and blame people for
               | either not voting or voting for better politicians.
               | 
               | You get what you vote or don't vote for
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | That's only looking at a single election. Being willing
               | to vote for scum means your party is happy to send scum
               | to the next general election, at which point you get to
               | vote for even more scum.
               | 
               | Have some standards in the general election and people
               | start looking at scum thinking their not electable.
        
               | 0dayz wrote:
               | If you want better politicians, there are two things you
               | can do:
               | 
               | Vote in primaries, there are different rules about this
               | but if it means you have to join and participate in party
               | activity to vote for a candidate then so be it.
               | 
               | hold them accountable together as ironic as it is: as a
               | lobbying group, or even more grandiose work together with
               | as many citizens of the state (even across the party
               | line, no craziness though), to hold the
               | governor/politician accountable.
        
               | Pulcinella wrote:
               | Yep don't forget the second option. Direct action is
               | always possible. I subscribe to a "block of marble"
               | theory of politics: you can always METAPHORICALLY beat
               | those in power into shape.
        
               | nulbyte wrote:
               | Some states have open primaries, eliminating the need to
               | join a party. I wish my state was one of them, because I
               | hate the political parties.
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | > but if it means you have to join and participate in
               | party activity
               | 
               | Yeah. But my shiny karma doesn't want me to join a party
               | whose policies I disagree with, just so I can influence
               | their choice of candidates. That seems hypocritical, and
               | I regard hypocrisy as the cardinal political "sin".
               | 
               | I've never agreed with the policies of any parties, so I
               | have never joined a political party. The closest I got
               | was that I joined CND, about 40 years ago. I quit about
               | 39 years ago.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | Not voting is voting you taking away a vote from one
               | side.
        
               | Pulcinella wrote:
               | Doesn't work like that. I've had my red team grandparents
               | saying not voting was the same as voting for blue team,
               | and my blue team grandparents saying not voting was the
               | same as voting for red team. Both things can't be true.
               | And even if they were, then not voting would be the same
               | as voting for every team, in which case the difference in
               | votes between each candidate doesn't change. Not voting
               | is just not voting.
        
             | nyrulez wrote:
             | Election denier vs right to repair denier. If you consider
             | the former less evil, good luck to you.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | The amendment happened back in May 2022, apparently.[1] You can
         | read the pre-amendment and post-amendment versions there.
         | 
         | It was pretty much gutted. Right to repair for farm equipment
         | was removed entirely, and rights involving digital devices made
         | far weaker. That got press coverage in June 2022.[2] Other than
         | cell phone screen and case repair, it doesn't seem too useful.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/s4104/amendm...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.techspot.com/news/94843-new-york-senate-
         | official...
        
           | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
           | The current debate is about an agreement mentioned in
           | memorandum 93 (
           | https://twitter.com/JonCampbellNY/status/1608327624526548993
           | ), which describes changes that were not part of the
           | amendment in May 2022. I also thought it may just be a bad
           | summary of those changes, but it details changes that were
           | not done in may. So it is either a very badly written memo,
           | or there is something more going on than can not currently be
           | seen in the public paper trail on the senate website.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | The bad stuff went in back in February, 2022, and was
             | adopted in May 2022. Compare the "Limitations" section of
             | S4104 and S4104A. That's what guts the bill. Here's the
             | "sponsor memo" on the amendment:
             | 
             |  _DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORIGINAL AND AMENDED VERSION:_
             | 
             |  _This version makes technical clarifications to the bill,
             | including providing that the requirements will apply to
             | products with a value over ten dollars, adjusted annually
             | based on the consumer price index. Another adds that
             | nothing in the section will require that an OEM or
             | authorized repair provider make available any parts, tools
             | or documentation if the intended use is for making
             | modifications to digital electronic equipment. Others
             | provide that nothing in the section will require an OEM or
             | authorized repair provider to make available parts, tools
             | or documentation for 1) public safety communications
             | equipment used for emergency response or prevention
             | purposes by an emergency service organization, 2) where it
             | may be in violation of federal law such as with gaming and
             | entertainment consoles, related software, and components,
             | or 3) home appliances with digital electronics embedded
             | within them._
             | 
             |  _Manufacturers, distributors, importers, or dealers of
             | off-road equipment are added to the exclusions, those to
             | whom the requirements would not apply._
             | 
             |  _Amendments also include extending the effective date of
             | the bill from 120 days to one year after it shall have
             | become a law._
        
               | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
               | the _" bad stuff"_ currently discussed is about
               | manufacturers only making assemblies available, not
               | components. (that is the big topic in the linked video) I
               | diffed S4104 and S4104A and don't see that in the
               | changes. I also don't see the interpretation of Louis
               | Rossmann in the old version, the definition of "part" was
               | always quite open to interpretation and neither
               | "component" nor "assembly" are mentioned in S4104A. But
               | the relevant point here is: the governors memo explicitly
               | states that the manufacturer only needs to provide
               | assemblies, not components, if there is a risk of injury.
               | The only change from S4104 to S4104A using the word
               | "injury" is the new section 5 about liability. The change
               | mentioned in the governors memo is not in the amended
               | bill that passed Senate and Assembly in May/June 2022.
               | 
               | The governors memo also talks about eliminating the
               | requirement related to overriding security features,
               | which is section 2.B of the bill. Again the change the
               | governors memo describes is not in the amendment made
               | earlier this year.
               | 
               | The governors memo also talks about business to business
               | and business to government sales. There is a point 3.E
               | related to emergency communication equipment, but it
               | would be a stretch to match those. Again the change the
               | governors memo mentions as being agreed upon is not
               | there.
               | 
               | I would be happy if the governors approval memo is
               | horseshit and talks nonsense. Because the alternative is
               | that they are making backroom deals changing the bills
               | text between senate vote and signing.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | Right. We need to wait until the NY site updates and
               | shows the final version of the bill as "signed by
               | governor". Probably Tuesday.
        
         | rendall wrote:
         | One comment on the video a) notes that the legislature approved
         | the changes and b) would not have passed the bill otherwise in
         | the first place, but get to blame the governor.
        
           | COGlory wrote:
           | How can the legislature approve changes when they are not in
           | session?
           | 
           | And WHY would they do that?
        
       | juancb wrote:
       | As a country with a strong economy of defining things of
       | producing IP, it makes no sense to allow others to modify our
       | definitions; they are immutable and sacrosanct. On the other
       | hand, if we were a country with an economy producing tangible
       | things like parts or assemblies that can be used to repair
       | something, it would make sense to allow folks to repair things.
       | 
       | I am all for right to repair, but that is a pipe dream in our
       | country, given our economic realities.
        
       | nrp wrote:
       | For folks wondering how the late changes to the bill happened,
       | you can see who funded the lobby efforts here:
       | https://reports.ethics.ny.gov/publicquery/AssociatedFilings/...
        
         | klabb3 wrote:
         | Lobbying in its current implementation is functionally
         | equivalent to bribery. That doesn't mean interest groups can't
         | talk to politicians. But the attention should be proportional
         | to the people they represent.
         | 
         | For instance, I'm sure that the execs at Microsoft, and a
         | subset of their employees, agree with their lobbying. But I
         | don't understand how politicians can justify the level of
         | engagement with a big economic player, who represents a tiny
         | amount of people. When we vote, we have one vote each. But when
         | we lobby, our "votes" differ in several orders of magnitude.
         | 
         | When it comes to autocratic foreign regimes, we understand the
         | risks and monitor for behavior that can hurt the nation. But
         | corporations are also autocratic, sometimes nation-state sized,
         | and their interests are often directly opposed to the interests
         | of our citizens. Even from an economic perspective,
         | corporations are semi-detached from their original host nation
         | through tax planning and funneling of assets overseas. However,
         | since their public identity appears shared, from a nationalist
         | perspective, we seem to put our guard down even though they
         | have both the incentives and abilities to harm us in similar
         | ways.
         | 
         | This perspective is in my view politically neutral, even though
         | it may sound leftist in our bizarre political climate. But this
         | is equally - if not more concerning - from a free market
         | perspective. Corporations don't just lobby against consumers,
         | but also against _the competition_. In the case of right to
         | repair, we don't actually need Apple to provide cheap
         | components and repairs, we just need to be able to get them
         | elsewhere on the free market. In fact, Luis Rossman is coming
         | from precisely this angle, as an entrepreneur who wants nothing
         | but the right to serve his customers.
        
         | RobotToaster wrote:
         | I love how the USA essentially rebranded bribery and corruption
         | as "lobbying", so it can pretend corruption is something that
         | only happens elsewhere.
        
         | reilly3000 wrote:
         | This is an awesome resource, but I'm left wondering how to
         | interpret the data. For instance I see that Microsoft paid for
         | a bunch of lobbying for a bunch of things, and it's clear they
         | had 2 meetings with NY Senators and Executive staff about S
         | 4104. What I don't see is what they were advocating for. Are
         | they for or against it? Did they push some language that would
         | benefit them in the long run? All I can see so far is that they
         | were at the table. I haven't seen the video just yet but I'm
         | sure Louis will break it down.
        
           | meindnoch wrote:
           | Yes, my friend, we ought to give Microsoft the benefit of the
           | doubt, since they gave us VSCode and GitHub. Why would they
           | lobby for such an evil thing? Surely, this must be some grave
           | misunderstanding!
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | Monopolies give things away to destroy competition, not to
             | warm the hearts of consumers.
        
               | BarryMilo wrote:
               | Seems to me like the parent comment was being sarcastic,
               | though in fairness you never know on the internet.
        
             | politelemon wrote:
             | That's a piss poor take. I see the "DIGITAL RIGHT TO REPAIR
             | COALITION" on the list, shall we assume they were also
             | against the right to repair?
        
           | rychco wrote:
           | I think in this case it's fair to assume all the donors here
           | are against right to repair.
        
             | jbsss wrote:
             | That's a bad assumption. The "DIGITAL RIGHT TO REPAIR
             | COALITION" and " AGRIBUSINESS ASSOCIATION (NYS)" were on
             | that list. I'd find it hard to believe they were involved
             | with neutering this bill.
             | 
             | I would still agree with you though, most of the orgs on
             | that list were likely at the table attempting to ruin the
             | bill.
        
               | nequo wrote:
               | Spectacular. Doing government as if it was a Sotheby's
               | auction. The law goes to the highest bidder.
        
               | celestialcheese wrote:
               | Can confirm DIGITAL RIGHT TO REPAIR COALITION is
               | Repair.org and was the opposition to TechNet and all the
               | OEMs lobbying against this bill.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | tharne wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | wiseleo wrote:
         | Madison Avenue may disagree about the statement about creative
         | people. There are a lot of creatives in New York especially. As
         | for good-looking people, there are several fashion modeling
         | agencies there, which are an integral part of advertising. :)
        
           | tharne wrote:
           | > Madison Avenue may disagree about the statement about
           | creative people.
           | 
           | It was a joke :)
           | 
           | I don't think any reasonable person believes that NYC is
           | devoid of good-looking and creative people.
        
             | wanderer2323 wrote:
             | Jokes are supposed to have some attempt at humor in them,
             | you know
        
         | IIAOPSW wrote:
         | California is what happens when you take New York, get rid of
         | the amazing public transit, then add a fake smile.
        
       | Gigachad wrote:
       | What is the justification for being able to change the terms
       | after the votes have taken place?
        
         | scifibestfi wrote:
         | The government's #1 excuse for anything they want to do without
         | having to actually justify it:
         | 
         | "Safety"
        
           | fear_and_coffee wrote:
           | The government's will mysteriously synched with corporate
           | interests
        
             | richbell wrote:
             | The word of the day is "Regulatory Capture".
             | 
             | (Yes, I know that's two words, "don't @ me" as the youths
             | would say.)
        
               | hyperhopper wrote:
               | Just say "phrase"
        
             | joshspankit wrote:
             | "The only safe way to do _____ is for our competitors to
             | have to play by our rules, on our turf, and with us making
             | sure they don't do anything we consider unsafe."
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | And what is "safe" just happens to be exactly what their
           | corporate "donors" want.
        
         | Buraksr wrote:
         | My understanding is that it is more a consequence of politics
         | than the system... Sure you have a veto proof majority on this
         | bill, but what about what comes next?
         | 
         | The governor is able to stop "tyranny of masses" by their veto
         | power. Almost no bill in our partisan age is able to pass with
         | a veto proof majority. So the governor has the ability to
         | prevent good outcomes for specific members of their party in
         | the legislature in the future. Sure a budget that makes the
         | party and governor look good will pass, but members who "step
         | out of line", will find that they can't "bring home the bacon"
         | in terms of what is allocated to their district.
         | 
         | So could the bill be pushed through unmodified despite an
         | governor's veto? Of course. The system expressly allows this
         | given a 2/3rds vote. But the legislature needs to weigh their
         | options:
         | 
         | 1.) Have all members push the bill forward anyways 2.) Have
         | just enough members push the bill forward 3.) Accept the
         | governor's revisions and move the bill forward 4.) Drop the
         | bill
         | 
         | As a representative it is hard to tell which of 1/2 you are
         | choosing in the moment. The issue is that 2 may paint a target
         | on your back. The members of the party opposing the governor
         | are less incentivized to care about the veto. So do you want
         | the governor to hold a grudge with "1 of X" representatives of
         | their own party who sided against them? Granted the legislature
         | is about 2/3rds democrat, so for a break with the governor to
         | happen maybe half the democratic legislature would have to
         | break with the governor.
         | 
         | 3 Is appealing over 4, since you are able to claim victory for
         | now. Something was passed after all, and the name of the bill
         | alone is usually enough to make a good ad come re-election. and
         | if the issues really are so severe, this is just another
         | victory for the future you.
        
           | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
           | The Legislative is not a single person, who weights the
           | options, who accepts the governors revision on behalf of the
           | senate and assembly?
        
             | Buraksr wrote:
             | The language on their website implies that they act
             | collectively in the event of a veto "A vetoed bill can
             | become law if two-thirds of the members of each house vote
             | to override the Governor's veto."[0].
             | 
             | Practically speaking, there are usually committees (may be
             | area specific, or general such as scheduling/introductory)
             | that make the first choice as to how the process will
             | continue. For new york this seems to be the standing
             | committee which decides what will be put to a vote, "
             | Members of Standing Committees evaluate bills and decide
             | whether to "report" them (send them) to the Senate floor
             | for a final decision by the full membership."[0].
             | 
             | [0]-https://www.nysenate.gov/how-bill-becomes-law
        
               | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
               | Thank you for the explanation, but that does not quite
               | hit the spot: it explains what would happen if the
               | governor vetoes the bill. In this case the governor
               | claims she made some "agreement" with the Legislative to
               | change the text of the bill shortly before signing it.
               | And it appears that happened without Senate and Assembly
               | voting on these changes, completely skipping this "final
               | decision by the full membership".
               | 
               | I would like to know who the governor made an agreement
               | with. The Standing Committees might be a possibility.
               | kwiens named the bills sponsors as a possibility.
               | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34193369). If the
               | bill was changed shortly before signing it, i would also
               | like to know what the text of the signed bill is. This
               | whole process implied by memorandum #93 seems irregular
               | to me.
               | 
               | Stuff like this should be documented publicly, IMHO.
        
           | Linosaurus wrote:
           | > 3.) Accept the governor's revisions and move the bill
           | forward
           | 
           | Nice write up, but leaves me wondering how this works
           | formally.
           | 
           | My main guesses:
           | 
           | 1.) There will be a vote to formally accept the new changes,
           | but it's treated as a done deal.
           | 
           | 2.) The governor can formally edit the text to say anything
           | she wants, and it's up to the legislature to protest
           | afterwards.
        
           | unity1001 wrote:
           | > "tyranny of masses"
           | 
           | That's democracy. If you water down or prevent the democratic
           | will through ANY means to empower the will of the minority
           | over the majority for ANY reason, then you end up
           | implementing the governance of an elite.
           | 
           | Minority rights of the people are a different matter - they
           | would be guaranteed by the civil law governing human rights
           | in a country - they dont have anything to do with the
           | democratic will.
        
             | jamiek88 wrote:
             | No.
             | 
             | We live in representative democracies not absolute
             | democracies and these table thumping maximalist positions
             | rarely make good conversation or policy.
             | 
             | They get retweeted though.
        
               | unity1001 wrote:
               | > representative democracies / absolute democracies
               | 
               | The dichotomy above is impossible to interpret. What does
               | that even mean. So when a democracy is representative,
               | the minority's will can override the majority's will?
               | Then what does the representation part in the
               | representative democracy mean.
        
               | ThrustVectoring wrote:
               | > So when a democracy is representative, the minority's
               | will can override the majority's will?
               | 
               | Yes, and this is a feature, not a bug. Majority voting on
               | issues one at a time _cannot_ generate a deal that a
               | majority would prefer when the compromise is presented as
               | a block. Eg, if there are six different compatible
               | single-issues that 10% of the people care _solely_ about
               | each, each individual one would get voted down 90-10,
               | while representatives _can_ make a bargain that delivers
               | a combined platform approved of by 60%.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | What does compatible mean if they would get voted down
               | 90-10?
        
               | ThrustVectoring wrote:
               | Something like a policy proposal costing a low but non-
               | zero amount of money for exactly zero benefit outside of
               | the eyes of the 10% who _really_ care about their pet
               | cause. The non-packaged proposals get voted down not
               | because the majority hates them, but because they _don 't
               | care_, at least not like the special interest does.
               | 
               | If a vector space is more your jam, imagine a six-
               | dimensional vector space of policies, and each of these
               | six hypothetical interest groups as voting for any
               | combination of policies with a positive value along the
               | axis in question, and against any combination of policies
               | with a negative value. [100, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], [-1,
               | 100, -1, -1, -1, -1], etc, will each get voted down when
               | presented individually as policies, but their sum as a
               | package gets supported by each interest group.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I see, thanks for example.
        
               | unity1001 wrote:
               | That's not relevant. You are talking about coalition
               | governments, in which the ensuing coalition government
               | still represents the will of the majority. Each ~20%
               | segment of the population represented by the 20%
               | participant in the coalition government pushing forth
               | ~20% supported issues and passing them does not mean that
               | those are the will if the minority. It means that only
               | 20% want to pass it now, but the rest do NOT object to
               | its passing. That's still a majority government.
               | 
               | For a democratic majority-minority situation to occur,
               | you must have 20% of the population wanting to pass
               | something, but at least 20% of the population opposing
               | it.
        
               | ThrustVectoring wrote:
               | In this hypothetical, the rest _do_ object to the pet
               | issues of others in the coalition, but only weakly. Like,
               | I personally would vote against corn subsidies by itself,
               | for abortion rights, and for a package of (corn subsidies
               | plus abortion rights). The exact policies I mentioned don
               | 't particularly matter, I'm sure you can find your own
               | set of two issues that you'd vote this way on if it came
               | down to it - the issues you have _an_ opinion on, but you
               | 'd hold your nose and concede the issue if it was the
               | price of something _really_ important to you.
               | 
               | And when two or more minority interest groups feel this
               | way on each other's issues, it _is_ a failure to enact
               | the  "will of the people" if you use strict issue-by-
               | issue majoritarianism. After all, each individual pet
               | issue fails on its own merits - they just aren't broadly
               | popular enough.
               | 
               | Fundamentally, the issue is that strengths of preferences
               | do not show up in a referendum on a topic. Furthermore,
               | there's no way to credibly commit to a compromise that
               | gets you something important in exchange for a relatively
               | unimportant concession. I'm not saying these issues
               | outweigh the benefits of direct democracy, they're just
               | problems that can get solved by a representative system.
        
             | ThrustVectoring wrote:
             | Pure majoritarianism isn't necessarily best either, it just
             | always takes the majority's side in disputes where a
             | strongly-held minority opinion comes in conflict with a
             | weakly-held majority one. Like, it's obvious that you
             | should take the side of the majority when it's "we'd rather
             | not be slightly inconvenienced by paying for rent-seekers"
             | regardless of how intensely the minority of rent-seekers
             | want to rent-seek, but it's much less obvious that we
             | should have zero handouts to narrow interests when it's
             | "please spend $10000 per life saved via rare-disease
             | research and treatment, I don't care how little the general
             | public is aware of and cares about it and would generally
             | prefer lower taxes"
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > but it's much less obvious that we should have zero
               | handouts to narrow interests when it's "please spend
               | $10000 per life saved via rare-disease research and
               | treatment, I don't care how little the general public is
               | aware of and cares about it and would generally prefer
               | lower taxes"
               | 
               | In reality, this turns into we should have billion dollar
               | handouts to narrow interests because rather than use
               | taxpayer funds to R&D cures into the public domain using
               | the existing world class university system, the narrow
               | interests would prefer being able to benefit from
               | patented medicines:
               | 
               | https://www.wsj.com/articles/drug-prices-reach-new-
               | highin-th...
               | 
               | > Since August, U.S. or European health regulators have
               | approved four new products intended as one-time
               | treatments for rare genetic diseases that carry list
               | prices of at least $2 million a patient, including two
               | from Bluebird Bio Inc.
        
               | ThrustVectoring wrote:
               | Okay, make the hypothetical be malaria nets or insulin
               | then. The exact specifics don't matter all _that_ much,
               | it 's just an illustration that you can't use issue-by-
               | issue majoritarianism to generate a coalition that can
               | pass a broadly popular group of policies that lacks
               | individual plank-by-plank popularity. There's no
               | enforcement mechanism to coordinate a "you vote for my
               | pet issue and I'll vote for yours".
        
               | unity1001 wrote:
               | > it's "please spend $10000 per life saved via rare-
               | disease research and treatment
               | 
               | That's an extreme extrapolation. Sure, the majority would
               | maybe not care at all for such a minority treatment if it
               | came to pass. But then again, the practical reality is
               | that in a system that allows minority to override the
               | majority, everything else goes wrong even if that one
               | goes right.
               | 
               | There is an example. The US was explicitly crafted as a
               | format that would allow the minority to override the
               | majority to prevent 'the tyranny of the majority'. This
               | was explicitly expressed by various founding fathers of
               | the US, especially by de facto architect of its
               | constutition, John Adams. And that's the reason why there
               | is FPTP, the Senate, the supreme court, with the latter
               | two easily able to override whatever majority vote is.
               | 
               | They did this because they feared the majority demanding
               | land redistribution and passing it with their vote. The
               | British aristocrats' lands were confiscated and
               | redistributed after the revolution, that was ok. But the
               | founding fathers feared that it would give ideas to the
               | people about the lands of the now-American-but-ex-British
               | elite like themselves.
        
         | MonkeyMalarky wrote:
         | Right? That seems pretty antithetical to democracy. At least
         | where I live, when the senate doesn't like a bill, they send it
         | back to Parliament with recommendations. They can't just tack
         | on whatever they feel like and ascend it from there.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | Seems pretty typical of a republic though.
        
         | 58028641 wrote:
         | The legislature agreed to the changes.
        
           | kwiens wrote:
           | The governor told the legislative sponsors that they had to
           | accept these changes or she would veto the bill. It was
           | accept this reduction, or nothing.
        
             | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
             | Can the original sponsors just change the bill, between the
             | bill passing the senate and the governor signing it,
             | without having such amendments voted on by the senate and
             | assembly?
        
             | kevingadd wrote:
             | Didn't it pass with a veto-proof majority?
        
               | kova12 wrote:
               | Representatives won't be picking the fight against
               | governor since there's a chance that said governor might
               | veto something else with their name on it. One hand rubs
               | another in other words.
        
           | phpisthebest wrote:
           | I have asked this repeatedly. Maybe you can answer it
           | 
           | Outside of the quote from the governor where she makes this
           | statement, WHERE is this agreement? Under what authority was
           | the agreement made, WHO in the legislature agreed to it?
           | Under what authority did this person(s) make the agreement
           | 
           | I ask because currently the NY legislature is not in session,
           | and no vote could have taken place which is normally how one
           | gets an "agreement" from a legislature
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | lbotos wrote:
             | I like you have seen that line parroted, and I _thought_
             | this would be the place that shows the state of affairs:
             | 
             | https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/s4104/amend
             | m...
             | 
             | Hasn't been updated yet.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | It reads like either a
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signing_statement sort of
             | scenario, or that there's been an agreement with leadership
             | to push through an amending law as soon as possible.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | Given that the original law was passed with a veto proof
               | majority, what happens if the actual members of the
               | legislature simply refuse to pass an amending law?
        
               | wyldfire wrote:
               | There's probably a quid pro quo that motivates them to
               | amend it.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | That would be a good reason to start calling them.
        
       | silisili wrote:
       | This is really sad. I used to watch Louis when he was coming up.
       | I didn't even own an Apple device, I just liked how he'd treat
       | customers and show all of us his approach, and how to do it, for
       | free.
       | 
       | The corrupt government ruined him. It turned a beautiful young
       | mind ready to change the world into a really bitter person.
       | That's not a knock against him, but against the NYS Government.
       | Glad he moved away, and hope he has more success in other
       | districts.
        
         | sitkack wrote:
         | Louis isn't bitter. Outraged, concerned, but not bitter. There
         | are so many dimensions and textures to "upset", I feel like
         | folks have lost their ability to discern all the different
         | types.
        
         | starbugs wrote:
         | I don't think he's bitter. He's just outraged and for good
         | reason. We all should be I believe?
        
         | pfoof wrote:
         | His bitterness is a great trait of him that on every video
         | makes you feel "I can relate"
        
         | rendall wrote:
         | He'll be ok. Bitterness comes when one focuses on how reality
         | does not meet expectations. However, reality is noisy, and just
         | as often exceeds expectations. We can all choose where to place
         | our focus.
        
       | hericium wrote:
       | Whenever I read about NY mayors or governors, it's like they are
       | trying to be Gotham.
        
         | themitigating wrote:
         | You didn't mention the ny legislator which must vote and pass a
         | bill before it goes to the governor, why?
         | 
         | Also mayors weren't involved in this discussion.
        
           | hericium wrote:
           | I wasn't referring to this particular case. Mentioned what I
           | read in the past about (city) mayors and (state) governors
           | and how to me - an outsider from the EU - it's these people
           | who make New York similar to Gotham City.
           | 
           | Short answer: because I don't read about them.
        
       | zeroCalories wrote:
       | This is really sad. I don't follow politics, but I didn't think
       | this level of blatant corruption really existed in the US.
        
         | chrischen wrote:
         | Is this really corruption? I mean, it's just how our politics
         | works. It's so blatant because it is how it works.
        
           | ectopod wrote:
           | This is true of every corrupt country. It's just how things
           | are done. It's still corrupt.
        
         | rychco wrote:
         | Honestly this is a fairly mild example of blatant corruption in
         | the US. It's so commonplace I really wouldn't expect anything
         | less.
        
         | 58028641 wrote:
         | The Supreme Court has struck down most attempts to get rid of
         | corruption.
         | https://www.opensecrets.org/resources/learn/timeline
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | "safety and security"...
       | 
       | I've always thought the infamous Ben Franklin quote, despite this
       | not being the intended context originally, has become a memorable
       | and brief way to show your opposition for this sort of thing.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Another important point that the video doesn't touch on: the
       | environment.
       | 
       | Not being able to repair a device means less reuse, more e-waste,
       | more garbage and that's bad for the environment.
       | 
       | So this bill can be interpreted not only as "fuck the consumer",
       | it's also "fuck the environment", "fuck our future", "fuck the
       | planet", etc.
       | 
       | It's doubling down on planned obsolescence.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | mrandish wrote:
       | Sadly, the only surprising thing about this is that anyone is
       | surprised the bill got 'mysteriously' nerfed at the last minute.
       | This is the danger of centralizing too much power in government.
       | A very good first step would be "one-and-done" term limits for
       | all state and federal elected officials with restrictions on
       | accepting employment with lobbyists or stakeholders with
       | significant government business for five years after holding
       | office.
        
         | rish1_2 wrote:
         | This is the vice of every public or private organization ever
         | in existence. The term "politics" likely was created for this
         | behavior.
         | 
         | Checks and balances are needed whenever organizations are
         | formed to avoid these kind of vices.
         | 
         | But that will never happen.
        
       | bubblethink wrote:
       | It seems like ballot measures are the only way a real R2R bill
       | will pass. The incentives will never allow it to pass through the
       | usual legislative route.
        
         | tohnjitor wrote:
         | Ballot measures in NYS can only be proposed by the legislature.
        
       | soniman wrote:
       | There are manufacturers that explicitly encourage repairability,
       | right? Lenovo? Any others?
        
         | dns_snek wrote:
         | https://frame.work/
        
       | college_physics wrote:
       | Every such event reminds me of that celebrated fraud of an
       | academic who argued that corporations exist to maximize profit
       | within the applicable legal framework and that it is how things
       | should be.
       | 
       | The fact that corporate entities actively shape the legal
       | framework to suit narrow interests that frequently undermine
       | collective welfware somehow escaped him.
       | 
       | When intellectual dishonesty and amoral behavior reach such
       | systemic levels society crosses boiling points
        
         | EMIRELADERO wrote:
         | Are you referencing Milton Friedman? In which case I completely
         | agree.
        
         | adlpz wrote:
         | Very well said. I believe in the ideals of individual
         | initiative and market economy as means to achieve a better
         | world for everybody, but when externalities and systemic
         | inefficiencies are ignored and frameworks to deal with them are
         | shaped by the same entities that are supposed to be ruled by
         | said frameworks, the whole system corrupts and devolves into a
         | machine that only benefits the few, while keeping the facade of
         | legitimacy, which makes it doubly dangerous.
        
         | js8 wrote:
         | But why have corporations at all then, and not, for instance,
         | worker cooperatives?
        
         | adaml_623 wrote:
         | Really unclear comment. Who are you talking about
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | college_physics wrote:
           | its been revealed by other comments. it might be a bit unfair
           | to single out any particular person as responsible for
           | providing intellectual cover to a manifestly inaquate
           | ideology. he is basically just the convenient reference for
           | an entire school of thought. had he not existed somebody else
           | would have had that role.
        
         | butlerm wrote:
         | There are many types of corporations beyond those organized for
         | profit. Non-profit corporations typically have different
         | governance structures. Both types are restricted to pursue the
         | aims and purposes described in their articles of incorporation.
         | Labor unions are a good example of a non-profit corporation for
         | example, as are credit unions, and most charitable
         | organizations.
         | 
         | Friedman's point is not so easily dispensed with by calling him
         | names. He is arguing that a corporation that is formed for the
         | purpose of generating profits for its shareholders is most
         | effective when it focuses on that and then the dividends and
         | capital gains generated for the shareholders can more
         | effectively be applied by them to charitable enterprises as
         | they see fit. That is not an excuse for a corporation to rape
         | and pillage the countryside, break any law, or behave in an
         | objectively unethical manner.
         | 
         | It merely means a corporation should pursue the aims for which
         | it was formed and is legally restricted to, and especially not
         | be hijacked to pursue interests that its members or
         | shareholders would not support. The latter is basically a form
         | of theft, although the loss of focus usually takes milder
         | forms.
        
           | college_physics wrote:
           | > That is not an excuse for a corporation to rape and pillage
           | the countryside, break any law, or behave in an objectively
           | unethical manner.
           | 
           | The problem is that the laws that are relevant in this
           | context are far from a static body. They are in constant flux
           | as new behaviors, new knowledge and new technologies are
           | adopted. This necessitates continous new rule making and new
           | regulations that must be fit-for-purpose.
           | 
           | Shareholder profit maximization under current systems means
           | it is rational (and a very profitable project) to proactively
           | capture the political system. There is no meaningful penalty
           | and eliminating the downside or creating more upside is
           | enormously valuable (in monetary terms).
           | 
           | Instead of rule takers that must optimize profit within their
           | designated sandbox, giant private entities become the
           | unchallenged rule makers. This is not intrinsically and
           | automatically evil. It becomes so whenever the monetary
           | profit of a narrow set is grossly misaligned with the welfare
           | of broader segments of society.
           | 
           | Examples abound. As they keep piling up they undermine the
           | legitimacy of the very system. Killing the golden goose of a
           | well governed market democracy and opening the door for
           | uglier versions of society.
        
         | abigail95 wrote:
         | There should be some rule against calling a Nobel prize winner
         | a fraud, without a very convincing argument.
         | 
         | Go away.
        
           | college_physics wrote:
           | > Go away.
           | 
           | As your amoral ideology masquerading as science ruins society
           | and the planet you will find increasingly more "unconvincing
           | folks" annoying your pristine reasoning
        
           | mordae wrote:
           | Why? Nobel prize committee is not accountable to the global
           | public.
        
         | r_hoods_ghost wrote:
         | Is this an academic who is celebrated and is a fraud or an
         | academic who was defrauded. The second would be deliciously
         | ironic. The first alas could describe entire economics sub
         | fields
        
           | buzzy_hacker wrote:
           | I take it they are referring to Milton Friedman.
        
         | codekansas wrote:
         | I'm not sure I understand what the alternative is - should you
         | pretend that corporations are not ruthless profit maximizers,
         | and allow them to have undue sway over our legislative system
         | all the same? It seems like the root of the problem is that
         | we've let the institutions which are supposed to hold our
         | politicians to account when they exhibit blatant corruption
         | fall into disrepair.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | The problem is that while corporations are in fact ruthless
           | profit maximizers, government officials are ruthless power
           | maximizers. So not sure how to manage the interaction between
           | them. The goal should be to keep them fighting, though.
        
             | college_physics wrote:
             | > The goal should be to keep them fighting, though.
             | 
             | Yep. Perversely, various pathologies are actually
             | entrenched because "fighting" is avoided via all sorts of
             | collusion, cartels, revolving doors etc.
        
           | college_physics wrote:
           | there are plenty of remedies. the interface of private
           | (narrow) and public (broad) interest is vital and unavoidable
           | but it should be subject to outmost transparency and
           | independent checks. further, corporate structures (size,
           | contracts etc) can change themselves (they are just legal
           | constructs after all) to reduce perverse incentives.
        
             | codekansas wrote:
             | Isn't the first part just rephrasing what I said?
        
           | katbyte wrote:
           | Do not allow corporations to lobby and influence the law. Do
           | no allow politicians to profit from changes to the law (ie
           | playing the stock markets)
           | 
           | Companies are not people and do not have rights.
        
             | codekansas wrote:
             | I mean, doesn't that necessarily follow from an implicit
             | understanding that corporations are ruthless profit
             | maximizers though? I fail to see the supposed ideological
             | inconsistency...
        
             | abigail95 wrote:
             | But people have rights and just because you organise
             | together as a union or a company, the government can't use
             | that as a backdoor to limit your rights (Citizens United).
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Why not? If you organize together that means you have
               | more power than an individual. Governments can and should
               | certainly try to equalize that imbalance where possible
               | and where it makes sense.
        
             | themitigating wrote:
             | The US Surpreme court ruled they are people.
             | 
             | https://www.npr.org/2014/07/28/335288388/when-did-
             | companies-...
        
               | Drakim wrote:
               | The funny thing is that corporations have a bunch of
               | advantages like limited liability on top of the US
               | Supreme court ruling them to have the same rights as
               | people, which means that corporations actually have more
               | rights than regular people.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | People also have limited liability. You can't be sued for
               | the actions of another person, or held responsible for
               | the debt of another person.
        
               | anticensor wrote:
               | Limited liability of business companies is much stricter.
               | Natural persons do not have an automatic protection
               | against debts beyond one's own wealth.
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | It was a normative statement I believe ("companies should
               | not be people and should not have rights") rather than a
               | factual one (I'm sure they're aware & that's why they
               | felt compelled to make the declaration). English is sadly
               | lacking in this regard, where you often get to make a
               | strongly worded statement or an unambiguous statement,
               | but it's very difficult to do both at the same time.
        
             | butlerm wrote:
             | A corporation is a type of association and has rights that
             | are derivative of its member's rights. An association is
             | composed of people. The only reason why a corporation (or
             | other association) has First Amendment rights is because it
             | is exercising the First Amendment rights of its owners and
             | members. The personhood of a corporation is a legal
             | fiction. The personhood of the ultimate members or
             | shareholders of a corporation is not.
        
               | trinsic2 wrote:
               | Corporations rights don't trump the rights of people.
               | They are subject to the people for a reason, they are
               | organizations that exist for the people, of the people
               | and by the people. This is why we ALLOW them to exist
               | with charters to operate and the discretion of the
               | people. And by the way that part has also been corrupted,
               | charters essentially don't even matter now.
        
               | anticensor wrote:
               | In Swedish law, corporations' (Aktienbolayet) interests
               | do actually trump their own shareholders' interest.
        
               | trinsic2 wrote:
               | I'm not sure what that means in terms of the common
               | people. In my mind, shareholders, in the shareholding
               | position, are the same as the corporations. When a person
               | has a vested interest that could run counter to the will
               | of the people, then In my mind that is not role where the
               | person has rights that trump the will of the common
               | people.
               | 
               | I know laws are made differently in different countries.
               | But the idea of common law is more about doing whats
               | right for everyone involved in daily living regardless of
               | country. Corporations and making profit, in principle, is
               | a byproduct of people and when those for-profit
               | situations runs counter to the will of people, then in
               | principle, that system should be subject to conditions
               | set by people who actual care about its effects on the
               | world.
        
       | thetopher wrote:
       | I just can't watch Rossmann's videos anymore. He's a smart guy
       | with important things to say, but it's hard to take him
       | seriously. His videos are 90% hyperbole, cynicism, and snide
       | remarks. It's too much to put up with to figure out what he's
       | really trying to say. I have to wonder if this style appeals to
       | his audience, or if he'd be more effective without it.
        
         | mordae wrote:
         | He's just tired.
        
         | blamazon wrote:
         | This happens with a lot of full time YouTubers. They optimize
         | the facets of their performance that boost the metrics with the
         | mainstream and it often alienates the core audience that got
         | them off the ground.
         | 
         | I'm not surprised Louis has gone all in on emotional anti-
         | authoritarian rants, it must play well with 'the algorithm',
         | versus laptop repair.
        
       | raybb wrote:
       | Link to thread this week on another of Louis's video about the
       | same topic:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34170525 (17 comments)
        
       | Cypher wrote:
       | sucks
        
       | 95014_refugee wrote:
       | For those of us that cannot _stand_ listening to Louis babble on,
       | is there a concise summary written somewhere?
        
         | fexecve wrote:
         | The bill originally was going to make available to customers
         | and independent service centers the same parts and manuals that
         | manufacturer repair centers have. The governor edited the bill
         | slightly in a way that makes it almost useless now. It was
         | edited to say that manufacturers don't have to provide parts if
         | they think that there's a safety issue. They can just make a
         | "full assembly" available rather than individual parts. This
         | means that if you have a $800 device, and a $10 part can fix
         | it, but the manufacturer decides that it's a "safety issue" to
         | sell anything less than a $700 "motherboard assembly" then this
         | negates the entire purpose of right to repair. He says "this
         | bill allows for malicious compliance in a way that makes it
         | functionally useless".
        
           | nobody9999 wrote:
           | I'd also note (assuming the local news I saw had it right),
           | that the changes also only require manufacturers to provide
           | such "assemblies" if and only if they are _manufactured in
           | New York state after June 1, 2023_.
           | 
           | The news may have it wrong, but that's an oddly specific
           | claim to wrongly make, IMHO.
        
           | a9h74j wrote:
           | Seems conceivable that this could come back to bite a
           | manufacturer. For example, more cause for "safety recalls",
           | or need to admit in testimony that a major assembly "had a
           | known safety issue". Or might dealers be on the hook for
           | higher certifications of repair technicians?
        
         | droidist2 wrote:
         | He doesn't babble that much in this one, it's just a brief
         | interview.
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | It's pretty short. But you can also read the transcript here.
         | https://youtubetranscript.com/?v=7xGBB-717AI
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | I watched the video at 2x speed. For me, he is perfectly
         | understandable at that speed.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | 58028641 wrote:
       | All of US politics is corrupted by the donors because Supreme
       | Court has declared many laws against corruption unconstitutional.
       | https://www.opensecrets.org/resources/learn/timeline
        
         | specialist wrote:
         | Just terrific. Illuminates the descent into madness most
         | effectively. Thank you for sharing.
         | 
         | Yes and:
         | 
         | With Percoco v US and Ciminelli v. US, the current SCOTUS has
         | another opportunity to bat down the government's ability to
         | combat fraud.
         | 
         | https://crooked.com/podcast/making-fraud-great-again/
         | 
         | https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/ciminelli-v-unit...
         | 
         | Embarrassingly, or perhaps tellingly, SCOTUS has previously
         | been non-partisan in asserting their own immunity to frivolous
         | stuff like anti-fraud and ethical oversight.
        
       | honeybadger1 wrote:
       | I am sure the Governors net worth just went significantly up.
        
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