[HN Gopher] Investigation on the effect of oral breathing on cog...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Investigation on the effect of oral breathing on cognitive activity
       (2021)
        
       Author : mirzap
       Score  : 176 points
       Date   : 2022-12-30 07:57 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
        
       | vmh1928 wrote:
       | I've found that keeping my nose hair trimmed makes a big
       | difference in nasal breathing air-flow and inhalation ease. And
       | by trimmed I mean using a battery powered trimmer with the
       | circular cutting head with slots and getting as far back as I can
       | reach with that.
        
         | blastro wrote:
         | alright you've sold me on testing this idea out
        
       | blastro wrote:
       | nose breathing is a must in tai chi
        
       | permo-w wrote:
       | I remember learning this when I was a child. what's new about
       | this?
        
       | greyface- wrote:
       | Maybe the periodic olfactory stimulus is useful to the brain in
       | non-olfactory ways? The study says:
       | 
       | > previous studies have observed [...] there was a decline in
       | working memory performance for [...] olfactory memory task caused
       | by oral breathing in healthy adults
       | 
       | referring to "Respiration Modulates Olfactory Memory
       | Consolidation in Humans"
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6596216/
       | 
       | Anecdotally, I find that listening to repetitive music can be
       | surprisingly helpful when programming. I can imagine repetitive
       | stimuli of other forms having a similar effect.
        
         | GravitasFailure wrote:
         | Considering how tightly memory and smell are connected, plus
         | the effects gastrointestinal health has on cognition...your
         | suggestion isn't even remotely the weirdest thing that could be
         | true about the human body and brain.
        
       | refurb wrote:
       | Generally when scientists see some phenomena they tend to view it
       | through the lens of "what is a plausible mechanism for this
       | observation?".
       | 
       | So the question is - what would be a plausible mechanism for oral
       | vs nasal breathing having an impact on cognitive function?
        
       | selimnairb wrote:
       | Another reason to have my deviated septum repaired.
        
         | annoyingnoob wrote:
         | Just had mine fixed. On week 5 and still healing... recovery
         | has not been fun but there has been an improvement.
        
       | vkadfa3 wrote:
       | As some people have already mentioned, this study needs more
       | support.
       | 
       | Just think about this, if you go to gym, do some sport, crossfit,
       | whatever, you'd know it is certainly impossible for a human being
       | anywhere on the planet, to even run 200 mts. without oral
       | breathing at some point. If you keep doing physical activity your
       | body eventually would have gone through years of orals breathing
       | just by doing regular physical activity.
       | 
       | You actually need to breath by the mouth to increase the air
       | pumped to the lungs, without that you rapidly exhaust the nose
       | capability and you can't perform beyond marginal movement, i.e.
       | you can fastly walk, but you won't run for long just by breathing
       | by your nose.
       | 
       | So it looks a lot like from the point of view of evolution, our
       | bodies are precisely made to breath by the mouth for short
       | periods, which eventually account for long periods, and hours,
       | months or years in the long run.
       | 
       | So it looks a bit like oral breathing is an expected normal
       | function of the body.
       | 
       | ok, it is not that is a perfect function, or that it will keep
       | you healthy at a 100% of the attempts, but is - this is my take -
       | probably that breathing by the mouth is one more body function, a
       | standard one, evolved to be regularly used, with some trade-off,
       | cost / benefits involved.
       | 
       | It looks like we are beginning to underping those tradeoffs, but
       | it is actually almost impossible to live normally without using
       | those functions.
       | 
       | An example could be using teeth, which leads to quite a lot of
       | bad issues in the mouth and probably affect lungs, the hearth,
       | and a lot more. But you can't just stop eating and oral hygiene
       | goes so far, it won't fully prevent issues, eventually something
       | is going to fail there.
        
         | anon84873628 wrote:
         | According to the book "Breath" by James Nestor, elite athletes
         | were able to improve their performance by nasal breathing at
         | all times. Apparently this innovation made a big impact at one
         | of the Olympics, and has been part of training regimens ever
         | since.
         | 
         | Oral breathing during exercise is a crutch for the body.
        
       | jeffrallen wrote:
       | A funnier title would be "NIH confirms mouth breathers really are
       | stupid". :)
        
         | zakember wrote:
         | I was about to say, this reaffirms the word 'mouthbreather'
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | Repeat after me: Your NOSE is for breathing, your MOUTH is for
       | eating.
        
         | davidgay wrote:
         | Try having a bad asthma attack, and then get back to us :(
        
         | adaml_623 wrote:
         | I'm really intrigued about who told you this or how you (or
         | they) determined this knowledge? In your society while growing
         | up where people aware of how others were breathing and
         | instructed them?
         | 
         | Is this knowledge more like right handedness vs left
         | handedness, scrunch vs fold, sit or squat, not sleeping with
         | fans or more like not drinking white wine with red meat?
        
         | MonkeyClub wrote:
         | That's some solid advice right there.
         | 
         | Also, no jamming jam into the ear, ya hear?
         | 
         | Now, apart from the fun rendition ("mouth breathers are dumb"),
         | this gives an interesting explanation on why I feel dumb when
         | I'm congested.
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | And when breathing through your nose, remember not to sniff
           | petrol from a can:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1yeBmSFkC4
        
             | MonkeyClub wrote:
             | You're just trying to take all the fun away.
             | 
             | Anyway, is glue still ok?
        
         | iamacyborg wrote:
         | Except for when you're performing any hard aerobic exercise, at
         | which point you have to breathe through your mouth.
        
           | jonsen wrote:
           | We are not designed for hard aerobic exercise.
        
             | iamacyborg wrote:
             | And yet we're remarkably good at it
        
             | gherkinnn wrote:
             | What makes you believe that a species that evolved from
             | persistence hunters is "not designed" for hard aerobic
             | exercise?
        
               | twojacobtwo wrote:
               | Isn't the idea behind persistence hunting that it's long-
               | term, low effort aerobic exercise? That is, our ancestors
               | were good at maintaining low-speed pursuit for long
               | distances, but not so great at sprinting after prey.
        
           | bsza wrote:
           | ...and when you're intubated with an NG tube.
        
           | balaji1 wrote:
           | Someone more athletic or fitter than you wouldn't mouth
           | breath at the level of activity you mouth breath at. Their
           | capacity is higher.
        
             | iamacyborg wrote:
             | Hard aerobic exercise is relative, clearly.
        
             | gherkinnn wrote:
             | So? Hard aerobic exercise is hard. A fitter person will
             | just be faster.
        
               | balaji1 wrote:
               | well I just meant it could be an area for improvement. It
               | is possible to work your way to being more capable with
               | just nasal breathing. Or sometimes you just have to be
               | conscious you are mouth breathing and you'll be able to
               | revert to nasal breathing. I didn't say you should never
               | mouth breathe or somehow you are inferior to a super
               | athlete.
        
         | sn41 wrote:
         | Great advice. I'll just pass it on to my autoimmune disorder to
         | unclog my sinuses. /s
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | what disorder is this ? overproduction of mucus ? or
           | inflammed tissue blocking air flow ?
        
             | sn41 wrote:
             | The first. If you have some advice on this, I'll be
             | extremely glad to follow up on it!
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I wish, I think I developed a form of this. For a year or
               | so I've been having huge episodes of nasal problems.
               | - large amount of mucus (I stopped counting tissue after
               | the 1000 mark [0])         - strange consistency of mucus
               | (thicker, and glue like)         - very narrowed nasal
               | cavity
               | 
               | I've been allergic half my life, so nose issues are not
               | new, but not of that nature and that scale. And your
               | comment reminded me of this.. I wonder if I took
               | something that altered my body immune response (or maybe
               | my brain just lost it)
               | 
               | [0] it got to a point where I was physically exhausted
               | from sneezing, abdominal cramps and nausea.. "surprising"
               | to say the least
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | But where do we speak out of?
        
       | tgv wrote:
       | > The [fMRI imaging] results showed more brain activation and
       | connection during nasal breathing than during oral breathing.
       | 
       | That doesn't prove anything. Apart from the problems in imaging
       | connections, there's no reason to assume "more brain activation"
       | means better cognitive functioning. Perhaps less is better, since
       | a faster processing leads to a smaller BOLD response. There are
       | more useful statistics in the article: the error rate and the
       | response time. It looks as if "oral" was a bit faster, and had
       | more errors. That might be enough to explain any imaging
       | difference.
       | 
       | Does it mean impaired cognitive function? Well, that would depend
       | on how strong your a prioris are. Is there any reason to assume
       | it does? If not, then this most likely is a chance result.
       | Perhaps oral breathing slightly impaired vision in the scanner or
       | interferes with motor skills. Or perhaps it's the plug in the
       | subjects' noses. This study needs a lot of additional support.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | I know the paper is lacking in evidence, but it proposes such
         | an interesting phenomena. It's worth exploring more.
         | 
         | It made my mind jump to perhaps a second, potentially worse
         | outcome of mouth breathing - seeding the lung mucosa with oral
         | flora. That seems like it could enhance the spread and
         | inflammation. And cause deleterious downstream impacts such as
         | slightly increased risk of cancer, pulmonary diseases, etc.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | Note that the experimental blocks were short, in the order of
           | a few minutes, and was mixed between both nasal and oral
           | breathing. Now imagine that whatever cause can spread that
           | rapidly to the brain and have a noticeable effect there. Then
           | orally breathing a full day (which is quite common when you
           | have a cold) would lead to total cognitive degradation. You'd
           | need a very peculiar mechanism to explain why that wouldn't
           | happen.
        
             | shadowgovt wrote:
             | There's a massive hole in the methodology. If I tell you
             | "do this complex mental task, oh by the way be conscious of
             | your breathing the whole time," that is going to have
             | impact on your capacity to focus on the task.
        
           | ngoilapites wrote:
           | Really it can get that bad?
        
             | raphman wrote:
             | Pat Volkerding, Slackware maintainer, suffered from
             | Actinomycosis in 2004 - quite a chilling read [0].
             | > To help me avoid more tooth decay my dad bought me one of
             | those fancy       > rechargable electric toothbrushes that
             | really powers away the plaque.        > It also creates a
             | fine aerosol mist of plaque, and I started to wonder
             | > if 4 years of using this brush had caused me to breathe
             | in some of this       > plaque mist and moved an infection
             | into my lungs.
             | 
             | [0] https://web.archive.org/web/20050206180243/http://www.s
             | lackw...
        
               | moneywoes wrote:
               | Wait toothbrushes are a concern?
        
               | ranger47 wrote:
               | Everything is a concern. It's not often that humanity
               | gets it right the first time, so the trick is to be ready
               | to make changes when new verifiable data comes to light.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | Thank you for saying that. I personally always found it
               | confusing that people at some point simply say 'I am done
               | learning anything new' as if their current model of the
               | world is already perfect. I might understand there is a
               | physical memory limit, but I sincerely doubt it is even
               | scratched for most people.
               | 
               | I understand the evolutionary underpinnings for it (
               | 'what I did got me this far did it not?' ), but it is
               | still not a great excuse for a conscious being.
        
               | zsz wrote:
               | It's not as if it's a hard limit, and you become
               | incapable of absorbing additional facts beyond a certain
               | point. If anything, the human mind seems best adapted to
               | ongoing learning, as it seems to store (and discard)
               | information in terms of relational strength.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | Poor oral hygiene is linked to heart disease too
        
               | tiahura wrote:
               | And dementia
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | I knew a guy once who had very serious heart trouble
               | after a teeth-cleaning. This is not even an unknown
               | phenomenon -- cleaning your teeth does make small wounds
               | in your gums, and oral bacteria can get into your
               | bloodstream.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | Dental procedures and even tooth brushing increase blood
               | bacteria levels. In addition to aerosolizing, they also
               | reach circulation through gingival lesions caused by the
               | procedure. Once in the blood, they can colonize the heart
               | and cause endocarditis.
               | 
               | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.10
               | 7.7...
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12212870/
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | survirtual wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | ClassyJacket wrote:
           | I would gladly use my nostrils if they would ever work. All
           | the beclometasone in the world doesn't open the stubborn
           | bastards consistently.
        
             | theCrowing wrote:
             | I got mine expanded via laser surgery was a life changer.
        
               | GoRudy wrote:
               | What is this procedure called? How does one know if they
               | are a good candidate?
        
               | theCrowing wrote:
               | Nasal cavity ventilation expansion and you are probably a
               | good candidate if you have obstructions in the upper
               | airway.
        
           | throwaway049 wrote:
           | I'd settle for a higher quality of debate on hn. I can get
           | low effort sneering just about anywhere else.
        
             | survirtual wrote:
             | This line of discussion lead to me learning that mitigating
             | a deviated septum can be life changing, and someone else
             | finding out about a laser nasal expansion surgery, both
             | which reduces the number of mouth brea...sorry, oral
             | aspirators on this planet. This has a direct impact on
             | cognitive ability, thus we can say that we have directly
             | contributed towards increasing Earth consciousness today.
             | 
             | I find that to be of the highest quality, and it all
             | started with some sneering.
        
           | soneca wrote:
           | Your ancestors, not mine. My culture doesn't have that term.
           | 
           | Also, people who have ,e.g. Down Syndrome, whohave both mouth
           | breathing and lower cognitive performance, could explain the
           | existent of the expression without implying that people who
           | do not have Down Syndrome, but breath with their mouths, also
           | have lower cognitive performance.
           | 
           | So I guess you just don't know enough about your ancestors
           | thought process to derive the pretense wisdom from the
           | saying.
           | 
           | Also, I always had difficulty breathing through my nose, so
           | it personally bothers me seeing this association. I am happy
           | enough with my cognitive performance, it's just a matter of
           | stigma.
        
             | retrac wrote:
             | > Also, I always had difficulty breathing through my nose,
             | so it personally bothers me seeing this association.
             | 
             | I do too. I always assumed it was a defect and, from what
             | I've read, it appears to be a defect that's likely to
             | affect my cognitive and physical health in negative ways.
             | The association between obstructed nasal breathing and bad
             | sleep is pretty well-established, and the effects of bad
             | sleep on everything from the brain to the heart are also
             | pretty well-established.
             | 
             | I'm sorry that our open mouths are slowly dehydrating our
             | brains, but being an ostrich about it won't help.
        
               | soneca wrote:
               | I have a pretty good sleep since forever.
        
             | survirtual wrote:
             | I've always had difficulty breathing through my nose ever
             | since I got head bashed straight in the nostrils, but even
             | with my increased mouth breathing, the cognitive decline
             | hasn't been able to touch my ability to make light of
             | myself.
        
               | eemmiillyy wrote:
               | I had a deviated septum from from ages 5 - 28 and getting
               | it corrected was the best decision I ever made. Highly
               | recommend. Quality of life goes way up and it's a very
               | quick procedure.
        
               | survirtual wrote:
               | I almost did that procedure and now I wish I had. Thanks
               | for the info, will need to seriously pursue this.
        
             | fumeux_fume wrote:
             | Nice, mustn't let a little humor go unscolded.
        
               | soneca wrote:
               | I honestly missed the humor in that message, sorry.
        
             | alar44 wrote:
             | Yup, definitely a mouth breather.
        
             | bluescrn wrote:
             | > Also, I always had difficulty breathing through my nose,
             | so it personally bothers me seeing this association.
             | 
             | This. As somebody with a deviated septum (and also asthma),
             | the 'mouth breather' insult is pretty obnoxious. I've never
             | been able to breathe particularly well though my nose.
             | 
             | (Yeah, surgery could probably fix/improve it it, but I've
             | lived with it decades at this point, and I've got more
             | important health issues to worry about)
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | trilbyglens wrote:
       | Lends some credence to the insult "mouth breather" doesn't it.
        
       | balaji1 wrote:
       | Breath by James Nestor. Great book.
        
         | Glench wrote:
         | Yeah, to expand on the parent comment James Nestor talked
         | extensively about mouth breathing vs nasal breathing in his
         | book. He even volunteered to plug up his nose for a study on
         | the affects of mouth breathing. TLDR: he felt awful when only
         | breathing through his mouth for a few weeks and his performance
         | on various tasks was objectively worse.
         | 
         | It was that book that made me get a deviated septum / nasal
         | blockage surgery which helped a lot.
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | curious to hear what the outcomes were for you on deviated
           | septum? I got a CPAP machine which helps a lot with night
           | sleep but then realize that even during the day I'm congested
           | so I'm not optimally breathing.
           | 
           | the other suggestion from the ENT doctor was that I removed
           | both my tonsils and get my uvula chopped off. so I'm deciding
           | between the septum operation and/or tonsil operation
        
             | Glench wrote:
             | After the deviated septum and turbinate (?) reduction
             | surgery my breath improved noticeably, my sleep got better,
             | my headaches were significantly reduced, and anecdotally I
             | felt a lot less anxious. The ENT doctor told me "things
             | were pretty deranged back there" after the surgery so it
             | makes sense this would help.
             | 
             | That said, I still do the neti pot every day since I
             | wouldn't say my breathing is "completely" clear.
        
             | LanceH wrote:
             | Getting my nose fixed after 25 years made me wish I had it
             | fixed 24.5 years before. There is no question about it for
             | me that it is one of the best things I've ever done. All
             | the sinus and ear infections I got because my nose couldn't
             | drain are behind me now.
             | 
             | Also had my turbinates reduced at the same time.
        
           | iamacyborg wrote:
           | What was your experience with the surgery? I've got a
           | deviated septum and frequently struggle to breathe through my
           | nose even through very light exercise.
        
             | Glench wrote:
             | After the deviated septum and turbinate (?) reduction my
             | breath improved noticeably, my sleep got better, my
             | headaches were significantly reduced, and anecdotally I
             | felt a lot less anxious. The ENT doctor told me "things
             | were pretty deranged back there" after the surgery so it
             | makes sense this would help.
             | 
             | That said, I still do the neti pot every day since I
             | wouldn't say my breathing is "completely" clear.
        
             | voidee wrote:
             | I think it really depends on the severity of the deviation
             | and blockage. Before I I had the surgery, the difference
             | between nostrils was significant. Left side was normal and
             | the right was like breathing through a very small diameter
             | straw. Post surgery, I sleep much better and rarely snore.
             | I feel more comfortable when running or biking long
             | distances while only breathing through my nose. Do yourself
             | a favor and get an evaluation if you have a blockage or
             | deviated septum!
        
             | twojacobtwo wrote:
             | One of my friends had this issue for years and he said that
             | it did wonders for his sleep quality and general clarity of
             | mind. The recovery period was apparently terrible -two
             | weeks of not being able to breathe through your nose at all
             | while experiencing significant sinus pressure/headaches-
             | but it must be worth it because he said he would do it
             | again.
        
           | balaji1 wrote:
           | Thanks for expanding. I am a big fan of the book. Some of
           | Nestor's podcast appearances after the book are also great -
           | similar content as the book in podcast format, some hosted by
           | docs and other experts.
        
           | timthecomposer wrote:
           | I had my inferior turbinates reduced a week ago. Already I am
           | breathing a lot better, and I can feel I'm not fully healed
           | yet (gets better every day). Should have had it done years
           | ago. Something (not sure what) caused the turbinates to
           | become larger some time ago, giving me breathing trouble.
           | It's incredibly liberating to be able to nasally breathe
           | freely again. I might even go so far as to say (utterly
           | unscientifically) that I feel that I'm thinking more clearly
           | now too!
        
             | anon84873628 wrote:
             | Doesn't the book specifically worn about the dangers and
             | possible horrible outcomes of this procedure? I'm glad it
             | worked for you and you found a trustworthy doctor to do it
             | right.
        
         | d4rkp4ttern wrote:
         | Fantastic book. Immediately applicable insights. The single
         | thing that improved my running distance is a few rules I made
         | after reading this:
         | 
         | - never open your mouth while running,
         | 
         | - breathe in for 2 steps, out for longer, like 5 or 7 steps.
         | Odd out steps ensure the cycle starts with foot falls from
         | alternate feet, ensuring you don't over-strain one side.
         | 
         | - don't run so fast that you have to open your mouth
        
           | balaji1 wrote:
           | I also feel the same way about the book, very easy to
           | implement some of the suggestions in the book.
           | 
           | And your comment is also easily applicable, haha. I
           | implemented the same strategy while running after the book.
           | One of my favorite books.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | 323 wrote:
       | The nose also does some dust/pathogens filtering.
        
       | Aardwolf wrote:
       | I'm not a native English speaker, but pretty good at it, but the
       | word "induce" here gets me. Does "induce impaired cognitive
       | function" mean something good, or something bad, for cognitive
       | function?
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Even as an English speaker, the abstract is hard to follow.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | Bad. Induce means "to lead to", from the Latin. Think ducts and
         | dukes.
        
         | mort96 wrote:
         | "Induce" basically means "cause", so it's bad.
        
           | shoo wrote:
           | ... because it causes impaired function. if it caused
           | enhanced function, maybe that'd be helpful.
        
       | seper8 wrote:
       | Gonna sound like a kook here but mouth taping improved my sleep.
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | Do chin straps work just as well? If you were getting enough
         | air through your nose, why would your body switch mouth
         | breathing when you're sleeping?
        
           | seper8 wrote:
           | Used to have a chronically stuffy nose at night, maybe due to
           | allergies. Probably thats when the bad habit started.
           | 
           | I guess a chin strap would work aswell.
        
         | Insanity wrote:
         | Mouth taping? How and why did you start doing this? :o
        
           | Gigachad wrote:
           | I met a guy who did this to prevent snoring.
        
             | anon84873628 wrote:
             | Unfortunately it only works for certain types of snoring.
             | If it doesn't work for your, consult an ENT doctor.
        
           | seper8 wrote:
           | My girlfriend had jaw issues and was recommended this after a
           | surgery by her doctor. I decided to give it a try aswell as I
           | had heard about the potential benefits. Used to wake up with
           | a terrible dryness and taste in my mouth. Doesnt happen
           | anymore now. Strangely enough my dreams got more vivid. Also,
           | eventually it became like such a ritual that I would feel
           | like something was missing if I didn't tape up. It started to
           | feel snug, like a weighted blanket.
        
           | trifurcate wrote:
           | I tape my mouth because I hated waking up with a dry mouth
           | that tasted horrible. I've also read that this contributes to
           | tooth decay.
           | 
           | It's just a small piece of tape, as big as half a fingernail.
           | It's placed on my lips right in the middle, and it works more
           | by reminding my brain to keep my mouth closed and less by
           | actually mechanically holding my mouth shut. If my nose is
           | stuffed, I can just open a slight gap between my lips to
           | breathe through. Otherwise, though, when my mouth is that
           | close I will automatically close my lips and breathe through
           | my nose through the night, which anecdotally improves my
           | sleep quality and reduces morning breath.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Did you try the chin-strap method also?
             | 
             | https://www.wikihow.com/Sleep-with-Your-Mouth-Closed
        
               | vmh1928 wrote:
               | Thanks for the link. If I sleep on my back my jaw
               | slackens and moves back toward my throat and blocks the
               | throat or at least constricts and I snore. I tried a
               | device like a mouth guard that captures the lower teeth
               | but the pressure on my front teeth of holding my jaw up
               | hurt. If I sleep on either side then my jaw doesn't fall
               | back and all is good.
        
       | TheCleric wrote:
       | I didn't get a chance to read the full paper, so this may be
       | covered, but do they account that the causality may be reversed?
       | 
       | Meaning that instead of nasal breathing causing more brain
       | activity, instead the subjects had to concentrate more on
       | consciously breathing through their nose and the activity is due
       | to that? I.e., the brain activity is actually "causing" the nasal
       | breathing?
        
       | adaml_623 wrote:
       | General question for anyone with an opinion. Is it common
       | knowledge in your society/culture/family that "mouth breathing"
       | is a bad thing?
       | 
       | I'm really fascinated by this because some of the comments I've
       | been reading here are very opinionated but I don't know what they
       | are based on.
        
         | Firther wrote:
         | There has been a social stigma against breathing through your
         | mouth in the UK for as long as I can remember, with it being
         | associated with negative qualities like being undisciplined,
         | unathletic, dimwitted, along with it being considered an
         | impolite thing to do.
         | 
         | I doubt this was part of the curriculum, but in fitness classes
         | at school we were told that breathing through your nose with
         | your tongue pressed against the roof of your mouth helps
         | develop your face/jaw and that breathing through your nose
         | moistens the air and helps filter it. We were also told that
         | it's not necessary to breath through your mouth when you're out
         | of breath as you won't get or don't need more oxygen and that
         | you risk hyperventilating this way, instead we were told that
         | you should breath using your diaphragm to help mix the air in
         | the lungs and that you should hold the breath for about as long
         | as you inhale/exhale if you can help it. This sort of breathing
         | exercise seems pretty common in any fitness/exercise related
         | guide I've seen too.
         | 
         | As far as other countries/cultures go, any country that has a
         | strong yoga/meditative culture likely considers breathing
         | through your mouth to be bad too, but this is just speculation
         | on my part. Pranayama is thousands of years old for instance
         | and is primarily concerned with controlling and reducing your
         | breathing, which is hard to do if you're not breathing through
         | the nose.
        
         | nobody9999 wrote:
         | >General question for anyone with an opinion. Is it common
         | knowledge in your society/culture/family that "mouth breathing"
         | is a bad thing?
         | 
         | Yes and no. Mouth breathing in and of itself isn't, socially, a
         | negative.
         | 
         | However, in English[0][1][2], a "mouth breather" is _also_ a
         | euphemism for someone of below average quality and
         | intelligence.
         | 
         | Not sure how that came to be, but that's the answer to your
         | question.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth_breathing
         | 
         | [1] https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/mouth-breathers
         | 
         | [2] https://www.definitions.net/definition/mouth%20breather
        
         | soneca wrote:
         | Not an idiomatic expression in Brazil. There is some cultural
         | behavior of my parents telling me to "close my mouth" as it was
         | an inherent bad/impolite/ugly/improper thing.
        
         | lbayes wrote:
         | I was raised in the American South.
         | 
         | I always thought "mouth breather" was referring to stupid, but
         | tough guys who did so much fighting that their smashed noses
         | don't work anymore.
         | 
         | Also, my nose has been broken a few times and I can't ever
         | really get enough air through it...
        
         | xuaihua wrote:
         | For what it's worth, I've only heard this term in my (American)
         | culture for the past 5 or so years.
         | 
         | My first exposure to the term was via internet memes where
         | "mouth breathing" was conveyed as existing only with those who
         | were mentally impaired. Check out the Urban Dictionary link
         | someone else responded to you with in a different comment
         | thread for more context.
         | 
         | I don't recall ever hearing anything about "mouth breathing" in
         | my society/culture/subculture before exposure to these memes,
         | so I wonder if it's a newer thing? If so, silly memes really
         | are influencing our culture!
        
         | drukenemo wrote:
         | I recommend the book Breath by James Nestor. A well researched
         | book, in which he makes the case for nasal breathing.
        
           | adaml_623 wrote:
           | That's not an answer to my question at all. I'm asking about
           | the comments and attitudes that seem to treat mouth breathing
           | as bad and wondering where they come from. I'm (relatively)
           | sure that a book published in 2020 isn't the root cause.
        
             | LanceH wrote:
             | Historically, it feels more like a class thing. A proper,
             | civilized person would keep their mouth closed.
             | 
             | As for the current mouth vs nose and belly vs chest
             | breathing, it really feels like a fad/cult. There seem to
             | be a constant stream of very small "studies" with
             | questionable methodologies with just enough results to
             | warrant further investigation.
        
         | Roark66 wrote:
         | Definitely yes. Parents tell their kids to "close their mouth"
         | etc. Being seen in public with your mouth open is seen as
         | impolite/a sign of some mental issues.
        
       | hattori31 wrote:
       | It makes sense. Just trying to breathe from the mouth for a while
       | makes me feel sick.
        
         | iamacyborg wrote:
         | That is not a normal reaction.
        
           | hattori31 wrote:
           | Well, the word sick was too much. Not normal? I don't know it
           | feels wrong.
        
       | sam_goody wrote:
       | Not breathing at all impairs cognitive functions even more
       | significantly, even before the system shuts down [eg. divers that
       | are running low on oxygen].
       | 
       | Though it is hard to measure what are the effects of panic and
       | what stems the shortage of oxygen.
        
       | cidd wrote:
       | Swimming makes you stupid eh?
        
       | callamdelaney wrote:
       | My left nostril appears to have collapsed at some point, I really
       | should prioritise getting it sorted, it reduces the amount of air
       | I can breath through my nose significantly, especially if one
       | nostril is blocked.
        
         | bira wrote:
         | The less 02 you breath in, the more the CO2 build-up and, per
         | the Bohr effect, the more efficiently you'll absorb the 02.
         | Just don't mouth breath and you'll be fine. Actually, you'll be
         | healthier because of it.
        
         | sys32768 wrote:
         | Oddly enough, same happened to me many years ago. Only thing
         | that helps slightly is Breathe Right strips. My father had the
         | same issue so maybe our left nostril DNA got dented.
        
       | 0atman wrote:
       | 22 people in the study :eyeroll:
        
         | munch117 wrote:
         | You can dismiss a study with 22 participants as unscientific,
         | if they could have reasonably done a study with many more
         | participants, or if someone else has already done so.
         | 
         | In this case, it's an fMRI study. fMRI access is expensive, and
         | analysing results is time consuming. It's reasonable to start
         | small. If the smaller study comes up with anything interesting,
         | then you can do a larger study later to confirm, and the
         | experience you gained in the smaller study will help you design
         | the larger one.
        
           | JustLurking2022 wrote:
           | You probably should dismiss the results if they publish the
           | study of 22 people rather than doing that larger follow-up.
        
             | twojacobtwo wrote:
             | Shouldn't all studied publish their results, regardless of
             | followup studies? Also, assuming they don't already have
             | funding for the larger study, it seems they would need to
             | publish in order to garner attention from the study to
             | secure the future funding.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | How much of this is just them breathing deeper as a result of
       | more conscious focus on it?
       | 
       | Bit like breaths (in my experience) tend to be deeper and more
       | "purposeful" even if the doctor says take a normal breath.
       | 
       | Struggling a bit to convey this right but you get the idea
       | hopefully...
        
       | Geee wrote:
       | Why would someone breathe through their mouth if there's no nasal
       | congestion. I'm pretty sure that you'd have to be cognitively
       | impaired to begin with.
        
         | adaml_623 wrote:
         | Can I ask where and how you developed your knowledge about the
         | relationship between breathing and intelligence? Is this common
         | knowledge where you are from? How often are you aware of how
         | others are breathing? Is this something discussed in your
         | family or friendship groups?
        
           | Geee wrote:
           | Someone who breathes through their mouth keeps their mouth
           | open, which is easy to observe. Someone might keep their
           | mouth open for other reasons, such as being overwhelmed or
           | surprised. This might explain why the mentally impaired might
           | be observed with their mouth open more often than normal
           | people. I'm not sure if there's a connection, but if there
           | is, I would assume that mental impairment is the cause rather
           | than mouth breathing.
        
             | adaml_623 wrote:
             | Come on that's half an answer! Is this something you've
             | known for ages? Is it something you remember learning from
             | adults when you were growing up? Why do you personally have
             | an opinion about this at all?
        
               | Geee wrote:
               | No, I haven't heard of this connection until recently.
               | I've seen 'mouthbreather' used as a derogatory term
               | online, which is probably where I've seen it the first
               | time.
               | 
               | Top entry for 'mouthbreather' on Urban Dictionary is from
               | 2017: https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Mou
               | thbreathe...
        
               | tfigment wrote:
               | Its way older than 5 years old. Wonderfalls (2004) had a
               | character refered to the mouth breather in derogatory
               | way. I know my brother used that in similar way growing
               | up but im sure there are better/older references but
               | those are mine.
        
         | caeril wrote:
         | Because:
         | 
         | 1. Some people's nasal passages are partially or fully clogged.
         | 
         | 2. Even when fully open, there is not enough airflow through
         | the nose to facilitate anything more strenuous than light
         | walking.
        
       | fulafel wrote:
       | Not very strong:
       | 
       | > Twenty-two healthy participants (mean age, 22.27 +- 1.42 years)
       | performed a two-back (2B) working memory fMRI task
       | 
       | And then they looked only at the pictures in the MRI they
       | supposed indicated more cognitive function, and ignored task
       | performance.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | They did look at task performance, it's just the oral breathing
         | being marginally quicker and marginally less accurate wasn't
         | statistically significant.
         | 
         | If there's no difference in task performance, an alternative
         | explanation is that for the nasal breathing test participants
         | wasted cognitive cycles on remembering to keep their mouth
         | closed (versus oral breathing participants who had their nose
         | plugged)...
        
         | riedel wrote:
         | Hopefully closing the mouth does not affect the postprocessing
         | algorithm of the MRI software (remember tons of fMRI studies
         | invalid due to software artifacts [1]). I guess it really far
         | to easy to generate such results, but difficult to really
         | validate them.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.sciencealert.com/a-bug-in-fmri-software-could-
         | in...
        
       | djohnston wrote:
       | QQ, when I go running or exercising hard, I always end up mouth
       | breathing. Is it harmful in this context?
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | It's (also) a matter of capacity. You need to inhale a lot of
         | air during exercise. Your nose is just too narrow.
        
         | mattwest wrote:
         | No. Almost everyone will need to mouth breath while at max
         | effort.
         | 
         | It may be beneficial to deliberately nose-breath as long as
         | possible, especially at Zone2.
         | 
         | I try to transition to nose-in, mouth-out as a fallback before
         | going mouth-in, mouth-out.
         | 
         | Honestly, I don't even know how big of an effect it has, but
         | I've been trying it for the past year to test it out. Been
         | training for over a decade so I just enjoy testing new things.
        
       | leoff wrote:
       | Anecdotal evidence, but I've noticed how Magnus Carlsen, the
       | current best chess player, is often mouth breathing when very
       | focused in a game. When I was a kid I often also caught myself
       | mouth breathing when focused on a videogame, and I think this is
       | a common tendency for people.
       | 
       | I wonder if this really has a negative impact, or rather a
       | positive one.
        
         | johanneskanybal wrote:
         | Mouth breather here, that's good to hear :) Always feels a bit
         | like using a straw to draw air through my nose for me, possibly
         | choir practice as a kid impacted it too.
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | Without devising a research project with flawed methodology
         | that nonetheless gets published, my wild-ass guess would be
         | that conscious cognitive function is maximized by allowing
         | breathing to be managed by the unconscious mind.
         | 
         | Maybe he opens his mouth because it's the most comfortable
         | thing to do in the moment.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | gcanyon wrote:
         | Interesting. I have a strong subconscious urge to keep my mouth
         | shut -- not kidding, I think inspired by watching Mary Poppins
         | as a kid: "Mouth closed, Michael, we are not a codfish." So
         | even when I am most focused, my mouth is always closed.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | I often catch myself grinding my teeth while being focused.
           | Which of course makes mouth breathing impossible.
           | 
           | When I am _really_ focused for a long time, this even causes
           | my jaw to become stiff and speaking becomes very difficult
           | for a while.
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | Some people have insufficient airflow through the nose. If you
         | look at Magnus' nose (and midface), it looks slightly recessed,
         | which could result in partial airway blockage. Him
         | mouthbreathing could be a strategy to get more air in. I'm not
         | sure that can be generalized.
        
       | clumsysmurf wrote:
       | Sadly, people with allergies and/or deviated septums often
       | breathe through their mouth. Also... breathing through your nose
       | increases nitric oxide in the upper airway.
        
         | tapia wrote:
         | I am (was) one of those people (allergies and slightly deviated
         | septum). I started to really breath through my nose about two
         | years ago. I always thought that it would not be possible,
         | because I felt that I could not get enough air. I started
         | practicing while cycling to work everyday. At the beginning it
         | really felt super hard (especially since I have to ride up the
         | hill, about 200m altitude difference), but after a few days of
         | this, it was not hard anymore and I started to breath
         | exclusively through my nose without problems. I think that
         | allergies, although still present, are less intense and it
         | doesn't impair me to breath properly. So, just try.
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | > _I started practicing while cycling to work everyday._
           | 
           | For doing cardio I was told/taught (by whom I can't remember)
           | to generally breathe in through your nose and out through
           | your mouth.
           | 
           | This allows for air to come in through the path that your
           | body was 'designed' to do it, but you can also expel carbon
           | dioxide more quickly (so the theory goes).
        
             | tapia wrote:
             | That's what I thought too, but after reading the book
             | "Breath" by James Nestor (as others have mentioned in this
             | thread) I decided to try that. And it really works. I think
             | that if you exhale to fast and inhale immediately, then you
             | are not really getting rid of all the CO2 that you
             | could/should. So, by doing it at a slower rhythm, then you
             | get more efficient in getting air in and CO2 out.
        
             | caeril wrote:
             | I'm sorry, but how does this work? HIIT, for example, gets
             | me up to requiring 40 breaths per minute for the oxygen.
             | There is simply not enough airway cross-section across the
             | nose to take in air at this rate. During allergy season,
             | when one nostril is completely blocked, it's impossible to
             | do for even basic metabolic function.
        
               | nanomonkey wrote:
               | The whole point of HIIT is to tax your aerobic system.
               | One can easily do work outs within the ranges of energy
               | production that don't go into anaerobic respiration. For
               | example you can do high load lifting in short burst and
               | just use your ATP stores, which generally means for a
               | count of 10 or less, with enough time in between to
               | replenish the ATP fully. Or you can do aerobic exercise
               | at a pace where your body has enough oxygen to always be
               | using glucose to keep up with ATP usage (Zone 2
               | training).
               | 
               | The original author probably was limiting their bicycle
               | cadence to something that they could do continuously with
               | their nose closed. I personally do something similar
               | while running and weight training. It was hard at first,
               | but your body gets stronger and more capable at
               | exchanging CO2 over time. I wouldn't try this with HIIT
               | though, and generally think that HIIT is a terrible
               | training methodology as it leave you sore and incapable
               | of doing more work outs as the processing of lactic acid
               | is harmful if not damaging to muscle cells.
        
           | ranger47 wrote:
           | What opened things up for you? I suffer from allergies, and
           | have a slightly deviated septum, and I've tried so many
           | sprays (caused dependency), breathing strips (falls off in
           | the night), and even 3D printed a small cradle that would
           | force my nose to open wider as I slept, which proved to be
           | nothing short of annoying. I'm always open to trying new
           | methods.
        
             | rsync wrote:
             | Ok, but did you try exercising?
             | 
             | I mean this seriously:
             | 
             | your body naturally dilates your entire respiratory system
             | in response to oxygen demand - and not by a trivial amount.
             | 
             | As someone who has a suspected less than perfect septum,
             | and experiences allergies from time to time, I have gone
             | from simply noticing the dilation effect to _actively
             | pursuing_ it as a remedy.
             | 
             | Which is to say, if I stay the night somewhere with indoor
             | cats, I alleviate the symptoms by going for a run ...
             | 
             | YMMV. IANAD. HNY!
        
             | LanceH wrote:
             | I had the surgery to have my deviated septum fixed and it
             | was a good decision. First, I could breathe through my
             | nose. Another huge benefit, though, was that all those
             | sinus infections that couldn't drain kept turning into ear
             | infections -- that just stopped.
             | 
             | The recovery from the surgery wasn't too bad for getting
             | back to work -- I think I missed two days and the weekend.
             | But the healing process gave me incredible headaches for
             | about two months which went away entirely. Mine was badly
             | deviated, though.
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | You can get surgery that will open things up.
        
               | ranger47 wrote:
               | Naturally, this and a CPAP are in consideration, but
               | getting to that point is profoundly difficult without
               | health insurance in the US. I am seeking solutions for
               | relief in the meantime.
        
             | tapia wrote:
             | I use to use sprays but at some point just stopped, because
             | they were nor really helping. For some years I just
             | accepted that my nose does not work properly. There were
             | always some moments were I could use my nose but then it
             | would get blocked. It was only after I read a book (Breath
             | by John Nestor) that I started really trying. And it really
             | worked! I wouldn't say that it will work for everyone,
             | since I have no data and this is not my field, but many
             | things from the book make sense and it is worth a try.
        
             | quercusa wrote:
             | What kind of sprays - Afrin type (oxymetazoline)? The
             | dependency on those can be pretty awful. My ENT prescribed
             | Azelastine, an antihistamine nasal spray that has worked
             | wonders for me. It appears to raise the threshold for
             | allergic reactions which can include swelling of the nasal
             | passages. I knew I needed it in the Spring but I've found
             | that if I don't use it daily I snore really badly, so I
             | think that general house dust is causing some trouble. My
             | wife is much happier now that I'm using it again.
        
               | ranger47 wrote:
               | Yep, Afrin and the like. They open things up nicely, for
               | a time, then I have to keep using it or I spend a week
               | feeling extremely blocked before returning to my baseline
               | of annoyingly blocked.
               | 
               | I have not heard of Azelstine, and will bring that up to
               | my doctor, thanks!
        
             | brigandish wrote:
             | It sounds like you need a CPAP machine or the like.
        
               | touisteur wrote:
               | CPAP is nice, but it can be a pain in the ass ; 9 months
               | in I'm still struggling to use it consistently, with
               | heavily deviated septum, allergies, seasonal sniffing.
               | When I can consistently keep the mask on (nose) without
               | feeling like I'm drowning, for at least a week, I get
               | quite the refreshed feeling. Quite rare though... Tried
               | all possible machine tunings, products, herbs, massages,
               | activities... Still not there yet. And the surgeon isn't
               | convinced I'll get better sleep even with deviated septum
               | surgery, says he'd need to correct stuff 'behind' too.
               | There's the 'mouth and nose' mask option but that leaks
               | far more and is even more harder to sleep with...
               | 
               | Seems if you breathe from your mouth when you grow up,
               | your tongue isn't parked up, pushing on your palate, and
               | your jaw and face bones don't grow up correctly and it's
               | very hard to correct as an adult. I get bone and
               | articulation pains with the CPAP machine, since my tongue
               | is now parked correctly it pushes hard...
               | 
               | Get your kids looked at. It's all hereditary for me
               | (deviated septum) and I regret no-one telling me to get
               | it looked at seriously when younger.
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | > started to really breath through my nose about two years
           | ago
           | 
           | How? And despite your allergies, septum that were preventing
           | it?
        
             | jonsen wrote:
             | I did a similar process about two years ago. Started after
             | reading Breath by James Nestor. The book doesn't prescribe
             | anything but gives a very wide perspective of
             | possibilities. I think what really did it for me was breath
             | holding exercises.
        
               | tapia wrote:
               | This is exactly how I got motivated! The book really
               | helped me. Nice to hear that it also helped you.
        
         | adaml_623 wrote:
         | Reading through this article and comment thread makes me feel
         | like I should be using a throwaway account to admit that I've
         | been worried for years about the proportion of time I breath
         | through my mouth due to feeling that I don't get enough air
         | through my nose.
         | 
         | This sentence, "Every participant practiced becoming familiar
         | with oral breathing until the participants could naturally
         | switch their breathing pattern from nasal breathing" made me
         | feel like I must be an alien.
         | 
         | I will say however that there are a fair number of comments in
         | this thread that are not really up to the standard I'd expect
         | from HN. I'm quite intrigued to see "mouth breathers" referred
         | to in such derogatory terms. What kind of social indoctrination
         | has triggered that response?
        
           | loopdoend wrote:
           | The book Breath by James Nestor really sparked a popular
           | awareness about breathing.
        
             | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
             | I read this few months ago. I did not like it.
        
             | adaml_623 wrote:
             | That was published in 2020. It doesn't feel like the root
             | cause of the opinions being voiced in the comments.
        
         | Reason077 wrote:
         | > _"Also... breathing through your nose increases nitric oxide
         | in the upper airway"_
         | 
         | But that's a good thing, right? Nitric oxide being a
         | vasodilator and bronchodilator, it promotes and regulates good
         | respiratory function.
        
         | canadianfella wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | vitaflo wrote:
         | I haven't been able to really breathe through my nose my entire
         | life. I've really never had any negative effects from it. Not
         | cognitive (that I know of), top of my class, now a SWE. Not
         | dental, haven't had a cavity in 40 years. Not physical, I used
         | to run track in HS/College and often got on the podium. Nor
         | illness, I haven't had any sinus infections.
         | 
         | It's possible I just don't know what I'm missing, but (highly
         | anecdotally) I haven't felt I've suffered having to breathe
         | thru my mouth at all. Maybe it'll take me out when I get older,
         | but I also don't know the difference.
        
       | code51 wrote:
       | Looks like they were trained in nasal breathing and asked to
       | close their mouths during the nasal breathing session.
       | 
       | "Unexpected activity appeared in the superior and inferior
       | frontal gyri independent of working memory" - seems their brain
       | was focused on properly executing these nasal breathing
       | instructions/training - which would be expected.
       | 
       | Doesn't say too much considering sample size.
       | 
       | A better study could be configured by observing twins (one with
       | broken nose at one point, leading to majorly deviated septum and
       | inherently limiting nasal breathing vs the other twin)
        
         | dchftcs wrote:
         | Given that breathing is a normal, natural activity, there
         | should also be a "ground state" MRI where someone normally does
         | nasal breathing is examined without being given any
         | instructions to do so. I also don't see how they conclude from
         | this the effects of "prolonged" breathing activity.
         | 
         | Their strong claims relative to the sample size and the quality
         | of the experiment makes me doubt their level of motivation to
         | do proper science. Just another flimsy paper used to pad
         | resumes.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-12-30 23:01 UTC)