[HN Gopher] Remote work's toll on cities
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Remote work's toll on cities
        
       Author : andrewl
       Score  : 87 points
       Date   : 2022-12-29 16:03 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nymag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nymag.com)
        
       | koheripbal wrote:
       | > cities must let developers convert office buildings into
       | housing
       | 
       | This is an Activist piece - not an Analysis piece. You cannot
       | trust facts reported in an article that's advocating change.
       | 
       | It cherry picks a number of facts in order to further the
       | arguments.
        
         | deltarholamda wrote:
         | > convert office buildings into housing
         | 
         | Can't be done. Office buildings of significant size are not
         | engineered for 24/7 human occupation. The sewer will be
         | inadequate. The water will be inadequate. Retrofitting this
         | would be spectacularly expensive, if it's even possible, as
         | mechanical and plumbing chases are sized for the original
         | design requirements and are difficult (if not impossible) to
         | alter. It may be possible to do if residents were willing to
         | use shared bathrooms, but they will not be.
         | 
         | HVAC is not sized for 24/7 habitation either. Neither are
         | electrical requirements. Stoves produce a lot of unaccounted
         | for BTUs. They require larger electrical service. The
         | electrical service has to be metered individually, which
         | requires quite a lot of space.
         | 
         | Also, when some natural disaster hits and the city loses power?
         | You can't go home. Your home is 50 floors up. Nobody is walking
         | that. The elevators are sized according to different rules than
         | residency, so there are not enough of them, and they won't all
         | be on a generator anyway.
        
           | cozzyd wrote:
           | I live in a converted office building. And few office
           | buildings are over 50 stories (in fact, the higher floor
           | counts are usually residential towers).
        
           | adamjcook wrote:
           | Detroit is doing it all over the place.
           | 
           | I live in an office building that was first opened in 1914
           | and was converted into residential units.
           | 
           | Another 18-floor office building across my street is being
           | converted as we speak (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_A
           | rtists_Theatre_Buildin...).
           | 
           | The Park Avenue Building is supposed to be converted in
           | residential units by the end of 2024
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Avenue_Building).
           | 
           | The Book Tower (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_Tower) is
           | nearing completion with a host of residential units in its
           | main tower.
           | 
           | Griswold Street, a major avenue in Detroit that cuts through
           | our financial district has converted so many old office
           | buildings into residential units that I have lost count.
        
             | expdshn wrote:
             | From the posted Wikipedia links, it appears that at least
             | the United Artists building has already begun being
             | demolished.
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | Building infrastructure is scoped for maximum occupancy at a
           | point-in-time, not over time. And maximum occupancy is
           | typically denser in an office than residential.
           | 
           | Put another way, what matters is the maximum volume the
           | electrical, sewer, HVAC, elevators, emergency power, etc can
           | handle. If it is scoped to handle 1,000 people for 8 hours of
           | a day, it will do just fine for 300 people 24 hours per day.
           | 
           | > Also, when some natural disaster hits and the city loses
           | power? You can't go home. Your home is 50 floors up.
           | 
           | I mean, you're acting like 50-story residence buildings don't
           | exist, when in fact they do in many cities already.
        
             | x0x0 wrote:
             | Nobody is saying residential buildings don't exist.
             | 
             | The claim -- which all the experts seem to back -- is you
             | can't convert large office buildings to residential. For
             | some of the reasons parent says, plus more importantly, you
             | only have a habitable outer shell or donut given light
             | requirements. And it's extremely expensive to take water
             | and sewer, which are all located in the core, and
             | distribute them out to each future apartment.
             | 
             | See eg https://slate.com/business/2022/12/office-housing-
             | conversion...
        
               | cozzyd wrote:
               | It depends. Smaller scale prewar office buildings work
               | pretty well (I live in one). 80's postmodern towers not
               | so much. At least here (downtown Chicago), it's mostly
               | prewar office buildings that are obsolete for modern
               | office use and are being converted to residential and
               | hotel.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | > Building infrastructure is scoped for maximum occupancy
             | at a point-in-time, not over time. And maximum occupancy is
             | typically denser in an office than residential.
             | 
             | That... depends? On one hand, an office building scoped to
             | handle 1000 people for 8 hours a day might handle more peak
             | toilet flushes than 300 people for 24 hours a day, but the
             | latter might get way more peak
             | shower/dishwasher/sink/washer use than the former.
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | Converting office buildings to residential is something
               | that already really happens, so there's not actually a
               | question about whether it is possible. My comment was
               | just to summarize why.
        
           | mortenjorck wrote:
           | _> Can 't be done._
           | 
           | It can be done and has been done, but what the article fails
           | to recognize is that it is spectacularly expensive--the
           | original build-out, of course, but _also_ the maintenance
           | (I've seen this firsthand in the stratospheric HOA fees in
           | the one class-A office-to-residence conversion I toured in my
           | condo search).
           | 
           | Office to residential will happen, but it will be at the top
           | end of the market. It is fundamentally incompatible with
           | affordable housing.
        
             | Ancalagon wrote:
             | How much were the HOA fees in that building? Just curious.
        
               | mortenjorck wrote:
               | For a ~$400k 1BR+den, about $1k/ month. This building
               | also has $1-2m 3BRs where the HOAs start at $2k and go up
               | north of $3k.
        
               | Ancalagon wrote:
               | wow that IS pure insanity
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | silon42 wrote:
           | IMO, elevators are just as bad as cars (exceptions of course
           | apply)
        
           | marstall wrote:
           | What about all the industrial lofts that were converted into
           | residences beginning in the 80s? Not every commercial
           | building is a skyscraper.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | Conversions from business to mixed or residential have
           | happened so it's not an impossible thing either e.g. 70 Pine
           | Street.
           | 
           | And while business buildings are not internally designed for
           | 24/7 occupancy, their _accesses_ are scoped for much higher
           | occupancy as businesses tend to have denser occupancies than
           | residential.
           | 
           | So most of the problem is the interior setting, which has to
           | be retrofit anyway.
           | 
           | > Also, when some natural disaster hits and the city loses
           | power? You can't go home. Your home is 50 floors up. Nobody
           | is walking that.
           | 
           | Residential towers exist all over the world. And that's
           | literally what Billionaire's Row is.
        
           | kkfx wrote:
           | Even ignoring the effort needed and it's cost: who want to
           | reside in former office buildings if now downtown areas start
           | to be depopulated from local workers and so services built
           | for them?
        
             | cozzyd wrote:
             | Plenty of people live in service-devoid suburbs. Services
             | follow density of people.
        
               | kkfx wrote:
               | Ok, good. So what's the purpose of converting former
               | office buildings in residential one? Workers who left
               | them surely do not came back in them to reside, they left
               | and choose new homes more apt to the WFH purposes,
               | something not easy to find in a dense city.
               | 
               | Where you have plenty of space to develop renewables in a
               | dense city? Where the home garage to recharge your car?
               | Where the place to get larger and larger package due to
               | the flourish of on-line retail? Where the place for
               | future flying cars/drone delivery etc?
               | 
               | If middle-class people start to de-urbanize cities would
               | be let full of desperate with much job offers to find
               | work.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | One possible purpose is demand shift: lots of (relatively
               | affluent) people want to live in cities, and are
               | currently inflating rents in neighborhoods that otherwise
               | would be more affordable.
               | 
               | (In general, it's incorrect to assume that WFH implies a
               | desire to flee to suburbia, particularly in dense
               | cultural hub cities: people often seek employment in
               | these cities _because they want to live there_ , not the
               | other way around.)
        
               | cozzyd wrote:
               | There is plenty of demand for living in dense walkable
               | places, which is why they're more expensive per square
               | foot than houses in the burbs. You don't need to recharge
               | your car if you don't have one at all, which is much more
               | sustainable.
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | > You cannot trust facts reported in an article that's
         | advocating change.
         | 
         | There's zero reason why an article advocating for a change
         | can't also contain trustworthy facts. I'm not saying this
         | article is a good example of one, but I wouldn't follow "You
         | cannot trust facts reported in an article that's advocating
         | change." as a general rule. Pretty much every article
         | advocating for a change is going to include facts, but that
         | doesn't make them all untrustworthy. Advocating for something
         | in an article doesn't require the author to ignore everything
         | that doesn't support their viewpoint, or lying/misleading, or
         | cherry-picking.
         | 
         | Identifying that an author is advocating for something should
         | cause you to be on the look for out for those types of things
         | (that's just critical thinking), but they shouldn't be assumed
         | and the article or the facts it contains shouldn't be
         | immediately dismissed as untrustworthy or wrong based on that
         | assumption.
        
         | marstall wrote:
         | welcome to ... language itself?
        
         | throw10920 wrote:
         | Thank you for making this distinction - it's a very useful one
         | to have that I did not previously.
         | 
         | From the other nymag.com submissions on HN, and a look at their
         | frontpage, and my past experiences with their articles, it
         | seems like NYMag is an Activist _news outlet_ , so this is not
         | very surprising, if rather disappointing.
        
         | rr808 wrote:
         | One of the problems with this too is that a major reason people
         | live downtown is for the short commute to the office. If the
         | office doesn't exist or in the suburbs, is living downtown
         | still be attractive?
        
       | cosmotic wrote:
       | Remote work will change, not devastate, American cities. It's
       | pretty silly to live a split life anyway. Homes empty half the
       | day and offices empty half the day; not an efficient way to use
       | space.
        
       | spritefs wrote:
       | I personally wouldn't have a problem living in a city like SF if
       | crime and homeless were less common
       | 
       | But since this is a literal nightmare in SF, being less "car
       | dependent" or appeasing these whining activists is the least of
       | my concern.
       | 
       | I could give a shit less about "car dependency" if I have to
       | worry about my own personal safety on a regular basis. Expecting
       | people to put their own personal safety on the line to reduce
       | "car dependency" is asinine. If city advocates want people to
       | move to their cities, they should get their shit in check first
       | before even bothering to ask
        
         | fundad wrote:
         | Most people in SF have cars, most streets are lined with garage
         | doors. There are many without cars but the city is designed for
         | cars.
         | 
         | If you're ok with car dependency then the suburbs are more
         | comfortable. If shopping and hooking-up aren't as important
         | than safety you are winning.
        
           | spritefs wrote:
           | > Most people in SF have cars, most streets are lined with
           | garage doors.
           | 
           | Ok. But what about cars getting broken into? Isn't that
           | incredibly common?
           | 
           | If I hypothetically lived in SF, I definitely wouldn't bring
           | a car just bc I don't want my catalytic converter getting
           | stolen or the windows getting broken
        
       | anarticle wrote:
       | Companies did RTO wrong imo, the correct incentive was bonus pay
       | for in person. If people are going to be ruthless about money,
       | then go for it. Prices for how much that is worth might stabilize
       | and save companies from themselves. US cities are built around
       | commuter models that don't work well when people don't have to
       | come in.
       | 
       | Cities are very upset tax receipts are lower and are increasing
       | taxes to shore up budgets. Not a good sign.
        
       | avalys wrote:
       | These conversations are kind of like the airplane on the
       | treadmill problem, where there are (approximately) two orthogonal
       | sets of assumptions/preferences that lead to obvious but
       | incompatible conclusions, and people end up yelling at each other
       | over the conclusions without realizing the difference is just the
       | underlying assumptions.
       | 
       | Personally - I don't want to live in a city, or a town, or even a
       | neighborhood. I don't mind seeing my neighbors but I don't want
       | to hear them and I don't really want to interact with them. I'm
       | perfectly happy driving 30 minutes or 45 minutes into town to run
       | errands. I don't think that living out in the suburbs (or
       | further) is "boring" because I don't like crowds and I'm not
       | going to do anything that people in cities do for "fun" anyway.
       | 
       | I'm living in a suburb now because I need to be close to work -
       | and for my career involving hardware, that's unlikely to ever
       | change. But if I could truly work 100% remote and I knew this
       | would last me 10 years - I'd move somewhere further away in a
       | heartbeat.
       | 
       | If you think the world is made up mostly of people like me - you
       | think remote work is going to devastate cities because who in
       | their right mind would want to live there if not for work? If you
       | think the world is made up mostly of people who want to live in
       | cities in the first place - you think remote work will make
       | cities better because a lot of disadvantages of city living are
       | due to the need to accommodate a daily commute.
        
         | SkipperCat wrote:
         | Everyone should be able to live the way they want to, but the
         | cost of people living far away from each other is a large
         | amount of carbon being burned and going into our atmosphere.
         | There is a reason suburbs and exurbs only came about when cheap
         | fuel became available.
         | 
         | I hope a day comes when renewable energy sources fix this
         | issue.
        
         | courgette wrote:
         | I don't find suburbs boring. I find them soul-less.
         | 
         | I grew up in rural France. Small village have shops, bars,
         | services like post-office, hair-dresser and whatnot. It's not a
         | dichotomy between things and absence of things.
         | 
         | Suburbs would be fine in my own personal book if they were
         | offering basic services and a sense of comunauty.( not in
         | warehouse operated by large chain, but by people living there
         | and earning a livehood out of it )
         | 
         | Totally get your point about being left alone, but I still want
         | the place I live and raise my kids to be a network of humans
         | sharing a sense of belonging. Not private lots next to each
         | other.
        
           | candiodari wrote:
           | > I grew up in rural France. Small village have shops, bars,
           | services like post-office, hair-dresser and whatnot. It's not
           | a dichotomy between things and absence of things.
           | 
           | Ah, comparing France of 30 years ago with US today. Reality:
           | France has changed. I mean, this model hasn't totally died,
           | but it's in it's last spasms.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | People have different preferences, so it's unsurprising that
           | what you want and what others want will sometimes be
           | different. I'm perfectly happy to, even prefer to, interact
           | with strangers on a daily basis when I'm out doing things.
           | When I come back home though, I want to be able to shut all
           | that (literal and figurative) noise out and just be with my
           | family or invited guests.
        
             | PuppyTailWags wrote:
             | That's not inherent to rural/urban, that's just good
             | soundproofing. A badly soundproofed house won't help
             | anymore with a neighbor's shitty leafblower than a badly
             | soundproofed apartment will help with a car's backfire in
             | the street.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | It just so happens that 25-200' of spacing and trees is
               | _remarkably effective_ soundproofing, which is a lot
               | easier to come by (as in is often the default) in a rural
               | setting.
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | I suppose it depends on your suburb. Mine is 40 minutes
           | outside of a top10 US metro area and has shops, bars, hair
           | dressers and whatnot.
           | 
           | Perhaps they are soul-less, but I think it's quite beautiful
           | with trees and trails and safety.
        
           | bnralt wrote:
           | Around here at least, most of the cool local places around
           | here are in the suburbs. That's where you find 99% of the
           | "ethnic" supermarkets (Polish market, Japanese market,
           | Chinese markets, Korean markets, Indian markets, etc.), where
           | you'll find the more authentic ethnic restaurants or
           | bakeries, where you'll find the authentic bubble tea shops,
           | the family restaurants, etc.
           | 
           | Not that you can't find any of this in the city (though
           | almost all the ethnic markets are gone now), but the rent
           | inside the city proper has gotten so high that you're often
           | left with large chains and places that are trying too hard to
           | be "hip."
           | 
           | In general I feel like I'm more likely to find a cool hidden
           | treasure exploring the suburbs these days than exploring the
           | cities.
           | 
           | And I don't think it's just around here. For example, I've
           | noticed that many Chinatowns around the U.S. have moved
           | towards the suburbs over time.
        
           | cscurmudgeon wrote:
           | Cities may have a soul but they lack a heart (and a brain
           | too).                 From 2018 through 2020, the NCVS found
           | that the violent-crime rate in urban areas was between 29
           | percent and 42 percent higher than the rate in rural areas
           | The property-crime rate in urban areas was nearly twice as
           | high in 2021 as in suburban areas (157.5 to 86.8
           | victimizations per 1,000 households)
           | 
           | https://www.city-journal.org/violent-crime-in-cities-on-
           | the-...
        
             | dublinben wrote:
             | Crime is just one of many quality of life factors.
             | Mortality rates are significantly worse in rural areas than
             | urban areas, and the gap is widening.
             | 
             | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/people-in-
             | rural-a...
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | The modern suburbs in the US are soulless and boring. I grew
           | up in suburbs outside of US and they were anything but
           | boring. The core of it is density and city planning.
           | 
           | 1. The suburbs I grew up in had mixed zoning, you had
           | apartments, multi family homes and single family homes in
           | every 5x5 blocks.
           | 
           | 2. There were smaller public spaces reasonably located to
           | where you lived. Instead of massive parks for an entire
           | corner of the suburbs, you had a lot of empty lots developed
           | into smaller gardens bustling with neighborhood kids
           | 
           | 3. Streets were narrower and the sidewalks were wider
           | 
           | 4. Shops and mom and pop stores were part of the
           | neighborhood. Those apartments that I talked about, had cafes
           | and local stores where the store owners knew you and your
           | parents. I remember walking alone to the store at the age of
           | 7 and bringing back stuff my mom needed, without having a
           | phone on me.
           | 
           | The more you make people spend time in their neighborhoods,
           | the more you have a character. If you have to take your car
           | out for every little thing, you spend more time in your car
           | than walking around and knowing people in your neighborhood.
        
             | thewebcount wrote:
             | > The modern suburbs in the US are soulless and boring.
             | 
             | I find this refrain tiresome. I grew up in a US suburb and
             | had similar experiences to what you describe outside the
             | US. I mean, yes, there are some suburbs in America that are
             | husks of their former selves due to economics, etc. But I
             | grew up in a small midwestern suburb of a failing city. I
             | had the following:
             | 
             | 1. Would regularly walk or ride my bike to the store with
             | my friends to get things at the age of 7+.
             | 
             | 2. A vibrant art scene.
             | 
             | 3. A plethora of science and learning opportunities
             | including a branch of a well-known University.
             | 
             | 4. A walkable downtown with mom and pop stores.
             | 
             | 5. 30 minutes from big events like concerts from our
             | favorite rock bands. 60 minutes from famous sports
             | franchises. 30 minutes from the symphony and art museums.
             | 
             | 6. 5 minutes in the other direction was rural farmland
             | where you could learn about agriculture, etc.
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | >where there are (approximately) two orthogonal sets of
         | assumptions/preferences
         | 
         | >I don't mind seeing my neighbors but I don't want to hear them
         | and I don't really want to interact with them.
         | 
         |  _Nobody_ wants to hear their neighbors. The biggest complaint
         | you have about cities is shared by most of the people who like
         | them. It 's just that buildings are often not built to manage
         | noise properly, for a variety of reasons (age / imperfect
         | information / deregulation / ...).
         | 
         | Of course, if it offers you no upside, don't live there. But I
         | suspect that perspective is rare.
        
       | yodsanklai wrote:
       | Many people want to live in cities, including remote workers.
       | They like being in a lively place. If anything, they leave big
       | cities because rents are incredibly high.
        
         | asynchronous wrote:
         | Or they leave because they realize raising a family in a big
         | city is orders of magnitude harder when remote work is an
         | option.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | Or because they no longer like being in a lively place. It gets
         | old and the quality of life is very low for the prices you pay
         | because space is limited and there's enough people that are
         | willing to pay anything to be in a lively place.
        
       | Nursie wrote:
       | There was a lot of worry about this with London during the
       | pandemic, to the extent that the politicians seemed to be putting
       | the interests of Pret a Manger (a sandwich chain) ahead of health
       | measures.
       | 
       | In the end it seemed likely that commercial landlords were a
       | driver behind the politicians - if people no longer come to the
       | city, who will rent my extremely expensive office space?
       | 
       | British workers were made to feel like they were letting the
       | country down, not coming in to the city, not spending money in
       | city-centre shops, personally responsible for bankrupting
       | business owners.
       | 
       | Meanwhile my _local_ sandwich bar and my _local_ coffee shop were
       | getting a bunch more trade. As were my _local_ tradespeople, as I
       | used what I saved on train travel to pay for work on the house.
       | 
       | The effort to drag people back to workplaces was massively short-
       | sighted in a country where politics and earnings are massively
       | london-centric, where public transport is often straining to meet
       | demand for commuters, and commuting by car jams roads and pumps
       | out tons of unnecessary CO2.
       | 
       | The hollowing out of big city centres should be considered a
       | victory. Spread the wealth, cut unnecessary travel. And give
       | commuting time back to families.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | wesleywt wrote:
       | Nah. It will become living spaces rather than office spaces.
       | Especially for people who love the density of city living.
        
       | wellthisisgreat wrote:
       | Toll? That's a wild title
        
       | akmarinov wrote:
       | Another headline: Remote work to invigorate America's smaller
       | communities
        
         | marstall wrote:
         | yes! In my state, there are dozens of small former industrial
         | towns, often in beautiful natural settings, and/or on excellent
         | transport arteries.
         | 
         | They have space convertible to offices aplenty, revitalizable
         | downtowns, cheap housing. I myself just made the move from the
         | bustling capital city to a wonderful city of 17,000. I bought a
         | large Victorian house for half of what my tiny city house was
         | worth. I can walk to the library, movie theatre, restaurants,
         | cafes. Nature is all around. There is an Amtrak Station. I
         | could go on!
        
         | wesleywt wrote:
         | Or.. Remote work will change how we use cities.
        
       | robg wrote:
       | Yes, more city housing is the answer.
        
       | shmerl wrote:
       | I don't see how that's a bad thing for cities where housing
       | prices were sky high already.
        
       | dougmwne wrote:
       | Boo hoo.
       | 
       | US cities are abysmal. Chronic underfunding of public transit and
       | bad zoning policies that make it illegal to build dense means
       | that we have some of the most unlivable and exclusive cities in
       | the developed world.
       | 
       | People are speaking with their actions. No one wants to deal with
       | commuting downtown anymore. The expense, the time, the stress,
       | just to further line the pockets of a small number of already
       | incredibly rich rent seekers.
       | 
       | Forget it, I am done and 100 more submarine articles will not get
       | me back.
        
       | netman21 wrote:
       | The first time I heard this prediction was in 1994 when the city
       | of Atlanta told workers to stay at home and work remotely over
       | the internet to relieve congestion during the Olympics. Still
       | waiting.
        
       | dukoid wrote:
       | Submission to the automobile has already devastated America's
       | Cities...
        
         | wmeredith wrote:
         | This was my first thought. It's already happened. It will
         | happen again as long as technology continues to displace
         | production from locale in new and interesting ways.
        
       | norcon4 wrote:
       | Maybe I'm biased, but I think cheering on the toll of remote work
       | on cities is being sanguine. Cities have existed for a long time
       | for reasons beyond proximity to work. Their decline will
       | represent a decline in wider society. We centralize people and
       | resources to give everyone better access to resources and
       | economize on infrastructure. This pattern is as old as
       | civilization itself. Bully for you if you can make off with the
       | loot to the hills. As cliche as it sounds, we live in a society.
       | Of course there will be winners and losers. But to me, the
       | picture of wealthy, isolated, and spread out exurbs hoarding the
       | wealth while cities languish in poverty is an incredibly bleak
       | picture of the future. My hot take is that remote work is
       | unnatural and has only taken off because of how laborious
       | commuting and unaffordable housing have become in this country.
       | Like others have said, many remote workers will still choose
       | cities because of what they offer, and they could be much better
       | places to live if we re-invested in them as such.
        
         | fundad wrote:
         | There isn't evidence that urban resi real estate is coming down
         | at all. If it sinks below 2008 levels, I'll worry.
        
         | tharne wrote:
         | > My hot take is that remote work is unnatural and has only
         | taken off because of how laborious commuting and unaffordable
         | housing have become in this country.
         | 
         | Prior to the industrial revolution, most people worked in the
         | same place that they lived. Farmers farmed the land adjacent to
         | their house, shop owners lived above their shops, etc. Working
         | in an office is not natural; working in or adjacent to one's
         | home has been the norm throughout human history.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | I largely agree, minus the "unnatural" part: remote work _can_
         | co-exist with urban development, and does in many places. The
         | US is somewhat unique in the extent to which it 's externalized
         | the costs of non-urban (primarily suburban) living; there's no
         | particular reason (other than difficult politics) why we can't
         | price those externalities in and have _both_ strong cities and
         | remote work for those who want.
        
       | DevX101 wrote:
       | Remote work has the potential to make neighborhoods more dynamic.
       | With more people at home, there's more demand for nearby coffee
       | shops, entertainment, food options. I prefer the decentralized
       | neighborhood approach to the hub and spoke model where you
       | commute to a big city from the boring suburbs.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | Urban planners and other entrenched interests are a huge
         | obstacle to progress in the US.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | humorous way to say it, since architects and their cousins,
           | urban planners, have had vast and creative ideas for decades,
           | while local government, real estate sales and their
           | colleagues, real estate lending have crushed their hopes with
           | coffee each day.
           | 
           | source: professional urban planning office in California
        
             | thegginthesky wrote:
             | Yeah, GP has no idea what they are talking about.
             | 
             | I lived with urban planners and architects for 20 years,
             | read books about zoning, about the effects of urbanization
             | on aquifers and rivers, about the differences between
             | cities that grew organically like Sao Paulo or Mexico City
             | vs cities that were bulldozed to fit a central plan like
             | NYC.
             | 
             | Never ONCE in my life I had read contemporary literature or
             | heard a urban planner defend suburbia, or advocate for
             | single use zoning only, or even say neutral things about
             | American Suburbs. A majority of Urban Planners and
             | Architects across North America, South America and Europe
             | (my sample) are very much against it as it's not
             | sustainable, creates traffic and other myriad of problems.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | I agree with your comment, but: I don't think NYC was
               | bulldozed to fit a central plan. The city's (really, just
               | Manhattan's) street plan was developed in 1807 and
               | finalized in 1811[1], at a time when most of the island
               | was still wetlands and marsh.
               | 
               | (That's not to praise the Commissioners' plan, per se,
               | but only to observe that no dense city was bulldozed to
               | enact it.)
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissioners%27_Plan_
               | of_1811
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | I would love more concentrated neighborhoods like I've seen in
         | many places across Europe
         | 
         | many other places across Europe dont have this or most people
         | arent conveniently located
         | 
         | but my point is that this doesn't seem to be an option _at all_
         | in the US, unless you are in a nice development within one or
         | two cities. not an option in the suburbs anywhere to my
         | knowledge.
        
           | landemva wrote:
           | I would be surprised to find this in suburbs, though Boulder
           | might fit.
           | 
           | Some wfh people have easily found it in resort mountain towns
           | in USA, which have similarities to European resort mountain
           | towns (outdoor activities, walkable, size constrained by
           | geography).
        
           | pjlegato wrote:
           | That's correct. US zoning laws have banned the construction
           | of dense urban neighborhoods and required car-centric
           | suburban neighborhood plans since about World War II.
           | Mandatory density limits and setbacks and numbers of parking
           | spaces and square feet per occupant and other zoning
           | regulations make it illegal to build anything other than low
           | density suburbs.
           | 
           | Many people still want to live in a dense, walkable
           | neighborhood, though; supply is just fixed at ~1940 levels
           | forever. The few prewar walkable cities that still function
           | such as New York and San Francisco are very expensive as a
           | result. Housing that was built for and occupied by working
           | class people for generations is now too pricey for all but
           | the rich.
        
             | parineum wrote:
             | > US zoning laws...
             | 
             | That's an incredibly broad statement since most zoning is
             | handled on the state, county or city level. There are
             | plenty of places in the US where someone could build an
             | equivalent SF or NYC and yet they don't.
             | 
             | > The few prewar walkable cities that still function such
             | as New York and San Francisco are very expensive as a
             | result.
             | 
             | You seem to be drawing a causal link here, walkable leads
             | to desirable and expensive. Yet, as I mentioned before, not
             | only is it possible to build walkable cities in many
             | states, there are plenty of other walkable cities that
             | aren't expensive or desirable.
             | 
             | I suspect that SF and NYC being the both historic and a hub
             | of two giant economic engines of the US, the tech and
             | financial sectors respectively, has a lot more to do with
             | the pricing of those areas than their walkability.
        
               | yieldcrv wrote:
               | > I suspect that SF and NYC being the both historic and a
               | hub of two giant economic engines of the US, the tech and
               | financial sectors respectively, has a lot more to do with
               | the pricing of those areas than their walkability.
               | 
               | Demand - from various sectors over time, sure, but also
               | geographic constraints
               | 
               | Each are different enough to only talk about in
               | isolation, but of the commonalities you can't dismiss how
               | interrelated the density and walkability are. A byproduct
               | of the geographic constraints with a constant need to
               | fulfill the demand.
        
               | jen20 wrote:
               | > there are plenty of other walkable cities that aren't
               | expensive or desirable.
               | 
               | Can you name some of them?
        
               | davidw wrote:
               | Most US zoning is pretty similar. There are exceptions
               | like Houston, but by and large, zoning codes aren't that
               | different from place to place. A lot of the model codes
               | were derived from similar sources, IIRC
               | 
               | https://islandpress.org/books/arbitrary-lines has some
               | good, if brief history of all of it.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | > Many people still want to live in a dense, walkable
             | neighborhood
             | 
             | I believe this is not true. _Some_ people want this, yes,
             | and it may be that they are overrepresented here or tend to
             | form bubbles so that they think this view is predominant.
             | 
             | If a majority of people wanted it, it would happen due to
             | the majority electing people to their local governments
             | that support it.
        
               | bart_spoon wrote:
               | This assumes there is a strong link between government
               | policy and the way constituents vote, which there is
               | increasing cause to doubt, particularly at the local
               | level.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | It seems to me that it's the best we can do. How else are
               | you going to change anything?
               | 
               | I can support candidates who campaign on allowing mixed-
               | use in their zoning policy. Or I can support candidates
               | who support keeping business, industrial, and residential
               | areas separated. It seems that most people (not all)
               | support the latter.
        
               | scythe wrote:
               | More importantly, it assumes you can vote on the result
               | of a policy, when in reality you can _at best_ vote on
               | the policy. For example, you can elect politicians who
               | promise to lower gas prices, but in practice, their
               | influence is limited. A more relevant example is that
               | people may want to vote themselves lower housing prices,
               | but who vote to restrict development in ways that
               | ultimately increases the cost of housing.
        
           | escapedmoose wrote:
           | I managed to find a suburban area with restaurants,
           | groceries, and shops within walking distance in the US and it
           | is an amazing, life-changing thing. I am never ever ever ever
           | ever leaving. US zoning laws _need_ to change.
        
             | johnkpaul wrote:
             | Where are you? This sounds like a magical place of unicorns
             | and fairies. :-)
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | Most inner-ring streetcar suburbs of old major cities are
               | like that. Nassau County in New York, the North Shore in
               | Chicago, anything off the Green Line in Boston.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Under the existing framework of zoning, you were able to
             | find a place that well met your preferences and you never
             | ever*4 plan to leave. From that place of extreme
             | contentment, you conclude that zoning laws in other places
             | _need_ to change (emphasis yours). Interesting.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | > but my point is that this doesn't seem to be an option at
           | all in the US
           | 
           | There's quite a bit of this on the East Coast as it tends to
           | be older. Pre-war towns in particular. Some rather affluent
           | places too with trains to the local major city, etc. It's
           | nice to have large single family homes and yards and be able
           | to walk to the butcher, coffee shop, bookstore, or
           | restaurants and the train. However, in Europe you generally
           | won't find large, single family homes in this type of
           | setting. Mainly multi-family and very small by American
           | standards. Especially the UK.
        
             | yieldcrv wrote:
             | you might have a point, there is a lot of identical
             | suburban sprawl throughout the east coast but is also that
             | older setting
             | 
             | I would need some specific examples to look at for
             | inspiration though, and see whats wrong with them
             | 
             | > However, in Europe you generally won't find large, single
             | family homes in this type of setting. Mainly multi-family
             | and very small by American standards. Especially the UK.
             | 
             | You're right, I want the rich person's classic large
             | Parisian apartment facing the main thoroughfare, with
             | alleys of winding shops and cafe's in the back.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | The pessimist in me expects more demand for food delivery
         | services than for walkable shops.
        
         | twiddling wrote:
         | Then you run into local zoning. I for one would love more mixed
         | zoning in neighborhoods on city boundaries, but too many
         | entrenched interests at the moment
        
           | rqtwteye wrote:
           | Zoning may change with more people working from home and
           | wanting things closer.
        
           | andybak wrote:
           | I live in the UK and local shops, restaurants are
           | ubuiquitous. Is that really something that is actively
           | legislated against in the US?
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | > Is that really something that is actively legislated
             | against in the US?
             | 
             | Yes. Zoning in the US tends to be restrictive and
             | exclusionary, as in a given area is zoned for one type of
             | use to the exclusion of any other. This means an area zoned
             | residential does not allow _any_ commercial use, not a
             | local grocery, not a restaurant, not a barber shop.
             | Furthermore, residential zones tend to be further
             | restricted in order to preclude any sort of MDU or even
             | townhouse, it 's common for suburbia to have miles and
             | miles of "single family" (exclusively detached residential)
             | zoning.
             | 
             | And this is not small cities in the boondocks, Seattle,
             | Charlotte, Arlingon, or San Jose, are above 80% single-
             | family zoning.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Other comments have described the situation well, but I
             | want to note that "suburbs" like this are pretty common in
             | the US, but not like the only place to live. In particular
             | they are a place where lots of people move when they are
             | getting established in their careers, and starting to have
             | kids -- lots of people grew up in them so they get an
             | outsized weight I think.
             | 
             | We also have college towns and small cities! I tend to pick
             | places where there's something walkable, and have never
             | lived in a place where I couldn't walk to a shop or
             | restaurant (although "walkable" is subjective I guess, I've
             | been in places where I had to walk 45 minutes through
             | parking lots to get groceries).
             | 
             | I dunno, suburbs are a funny thing... it is easily knowable
             | what they are and what you are signing up for when you move
             | to them, but lots of people end up there as a sort of
             | default choice (or maybe not really a choice, they can be
             | the most affordable place to get a house that fits multiple
             | kids comfortably and isn't in the absolute middle of
             | nowhere).
        
             | ahoy wrote:
             | Extensively, yes. Having housing & non-housing in the same
             | area is rare in much of the US.
        
               | andybak wrote:
               | But... What happens if you've had a beer and suddenly
               | remember you need a pint of milk for the morning?
               | 
               | To pick an entirely not uncommon example from my own
               | life...
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | What if you do? In my experience in small European towns,
               | shops close up at 5:00 or maybe a bit later but if you
               | remember at 10:00pm (or on Sunday) that you need milk for
               | the morning you are SOL.
        
               | andybak wrote:
               | My local supermarket shuts at 10pm and failing that I
               | walk 5 minutes further to a 24hr petrol station.
               | 
               | For reference I live 3 miles from the center of a town
               | with a population of about 280,000.
        
               | ryukafalz wrote:
               | In much of the country, you either have it delivered or
               | you go without it. There's commonly no reasonable way to
               | get to a store without a car.
               | 
               | I'm just moving to the suburbs but I had to specifically
               | go looking for one with shops in walking distance. It's
               | far from the norm; I've lived in places before where the
               | only way to a shop was along a major highway and it was
               | too far to reasonably walk unless you had no choice.
        
               | alexb_ wrote:
               | Then you wait until tomorrow so you can drive half an
               | hour to the Wal Mart. Or get it delivered. There are also
               | places like Dollar General and gas stations which sell
               | essentials for incredibly inflated prices nearby that you
               | could walk to (but can still be miles away)
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | The HOA (Homeowners' Association) might state, for example,
             | no corner shops. So, you want a quart of milk or a loaf of
             | bread ? _Get in the car!_
        
             | drivers99 wrote:
             | Yes. There's a recent Not Just Bikes video[1] about third
             | places (think UK pubs) and how they are largely missing the
             | US and Canada. For more about the reason for that
             | (Euclidean zoning), which is touched on in that video, this
             | City Beautiful video is good [2]
             | 
             | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VvdQ381K5xg&t=8s
             | 
             | [2] U.S. and European Zoning, Compared
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNe9C866I2s
        
             | wonderwonder wrote:
             | I bought a house in a suburb a few years back. There is a
             | little convenience store in the neighborhood a few blocks
             | walk. Also a little Italian restaurant. It's pretty neat
             | but this is the first time I've had this in 25+ years.
             | Generally residential means residential. Nice part is it's
             | pretty hidden inside the neighborhood so almost all
             | clientele is local. I probably wouldn't like it if it was
             | convenient to a major road and traffic was pulled in.
        
         | shoulderfake wrote:
         | The big problem with that is that zoning laws in america
         | compartmentalize everything and you don't have many places with
         | intertwined shops/markets with residential areas.
        
       | a3w wrote:
       | On youtube, Notjustbikes states that mixed commercial/residential
       | areas solve most transportation problems. Living in such an area,
       | I absolutely concur.
        
       | bm3719 wrote:
       | My long-term prediction: Rural areas and exurbs will up-class,
       | housing the higher-paid remote workers. The remaining non-farming
       | rural poor will be priced out of these properties and will have
       | to live in cities, in ever smaller apartments and eventually
       | pods. The nice services that often are only available in cities
       | currently will distribute more evenly geographically, negating a
       | lot of the benefits of city life.
       | 
       | This will have some positive effects, like having the countryside
       | and its adjoining natural environments better curated, along with
       | the large underclass masses living more resource-efficiently. The
       | main downside will be that cities will be even more of a
       | concentration of crime and other social ills, combined with worse
       | public infrastructure due to reduced city tax revenue.
        
         | dcre wrote:
         | There are still huge returns to concentrating nice in-person
         | things besides work in one place. Nobody is attending zoos,
         | museums, or restaurants remotely.
        
           | bm3719 wrote:
           | If transportation accessibility has recently peaked and will
           | invert, with fuel and vehicle prices continuing along current
           | trends, the lower classes become increasingly less mobile.
           | The better off can drive their $100k SUV to fine dining and
           | museums, which may be as close as the nearby town/city
           | center. They might accept that trade-off in exchange for
           | space and separation from urban blight.
        
             | dcre wrote:
             | Driving an hour sucks no matter how nice your car is.
        
         | throwawayoaky wrote:
         | all of these things have already been happening for a long
         | time. no jobs == priced out
        
         | ergvgdvgrd wrote:
         | A story like what you're describing is in the etymological
         | history of the word "villain". The rich had villas outside the
         | city and people who lived and/or were servants in a villa were
         | villains. No judgement here, but interesting parallel.
        
         | tayo42 wrote:
         | this has already happened a few times. then the cities get
         | cheap, people move in, gentrification happens, poor people move
         | out of the cities and repeat
        
       | xrd wrote:
       | I was stuck in the Portland airport during the snowstorm. I had
       | several illuminating conversations with people in the five hours
       | I waited to reschedule my flight there at the airport.
       | 
       | For context, my family recently relocated to a medium sized
       | Florida town (~100k) from a Portland suburb.
       | 
       | It was really interesting to hear the 20 and 30 somethings in
       | line with me talk about Portland. They seemed to prefer it to
       | Florida (where one grew up) and Portland, Maine (where the other
       | grew up). They loved access to snowboarding (1.5 hours away from
       | downtown Portland) and the restaurant and music scene. I half
       | assumed they would be intending to flee Portland, but their
       | mindset was not the same as mine is (saturated with bad news from
       | Twitter and shitty local news stations).
       | 
       | My news feed is all about the crime in Portland. These two people
       | clearly weren't bothered by this to the extent I was (with small
       | kids, etc). I think for many young people, living around other
       | young people is still very, very important. I miss that part of
       | my old life. It seems very stale in central Florida, to be
       | honest.
       | 
       | It's a small sample, but if cities could convert their downtowns
       | into affordable homes (option to buy, not rent) I bet there would
       | be a resurgence of young people establishing long term ties. If
       | you don't have kids, you can avoid the homeless people (Portland
       | recently voted to evict them from downtown anyway) on your way to
       | multiple dates and drinking establishments.
       | 
       | It (revitalized downtown) happened in Detroit, right, when they
       | were at the bottom. Why not in all the other cities? Crime is,
       | even now, no where near the levels it was in the 80s when I grew
       | up in Portland never felt uncomfortable at all. Social media is
       | amplifying a point of view for certain people, IMHO.
        
         | iudqnolq wrote:
         | I live in a high-crime area. I hear gunshots every now and
         | then. In two years there's been one shooting on my block.
         | 
         | I treat others with respect and mind my own business. My
         | neighbors reciprocate, and don't bother me.
         | 
         | For various reasons it was convenient for me to go for
         | regularly long walks late at night, and I never ran into any
         | issues with that. There was one homeless guy who was grumpy I
         | woke him up, so I learned to aim my headlamp better.
         | 
         | In my experience people who end up seriously hurt by criminals
         | tend to be criminals themselves. It's pretty easy to stay out
         | of all that.
        
       | kkfx wrote:
       | Mh, allow me a question; let's say almost all offices would be
       | abandoned and converted to residential buildings: who will reside
       | there?
       | 
       | Modern cities have economy of scale as main reason to exists.
       | Most western word is evolved toward tertiary sector, most cities
       | have experienced such trend more than the rest of the country.
       | Cities still have some social purposes of course, being many
       | means meet more people to select as friends, partner, have some
       | services that are unlikely in the countryside etc but the main
       | raison d'etre was economy of scale.
       | 
       | Without offices who need much of restaurants, health-related
       | services, shopping malls etc? Here (EU) it's a not-that-recent
       | trend that large malls, supermarket etc disappear or suffer and
       | get split in more smaller instances spread in the territory BUT
       | even if we do so WHO will reside in cities?
       | 
       | Who want to live in an apartment instead of a home to WFH anyway,
       | also counting the fact that many services will closed in cities
       | due to lack of office workers?
        
       | danielrpa wrote:
       | Cities exist to serve people's needs. The 2 existing models are a
       | relic of a low technology past: suburbia with long car commutes
       | to downtown, and dense cities built around facilitating mass
       | daily movement to the office through subway/public
       | transportation. Instead, we need self-sufficient neighborhoods
       | catering to different lifestyles and needs (some higher density
       | and walkable, others still car-centric but encouraging shorter
       | car rides) with limited need for long car rides or large
       | investments in mass public transportation.
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | You need some kind of long distance transportation with enough
         | capacity in cities still, because people just don't stay in
         | their little neighborhoods, they want to try the new restaurant
         | in neighborhood A, catch up with a friend in neighborhood B, go
         | to the sale in neighborhood C and before you know it all these
         | little trips add up really fast. This wouldn't happen if our
         | neighborhoods were clones, but that would be terrible.
         | 
         | Tokyo is a carpet of self-sufficient, dense neighborhoods, and
         | yet people still travel all over the place in large numbers.
        
         | synu wrote:
         | Where are you referring to where there are only two city types?
         | I live in the Netherlands, neither of the two existing models
         | you describe sound familiar in any countries around here,
         | although our cities were certainly designed in a low tech past.
        
           | courgette wrote:
           | Thanks for remembering about most of humanity.
        
             | cryptonector wrote:
             | It's all local. u/danielrpa was referring to local
             | conditions, and so was u/synu.
        
               | danielrpa wrote:
               | I was referring to the United States, but you can adapt
               | the principle to other places, but with updated
               | descriptions.
        
           | ido wrote:
           | A lot of the Ruhrpott[0] resembles that example and is
           | considered a kinda shitty place to live in by a lot of
           | Germans. A friend of mine who came here (Berlin) from there
           | summed it up as "you spend _a lot_ of time in your car".
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr an area in Germany
           | close to the Dutch border
        
           | kulahan wrote:
           | Are context clues no longer a thing? This is a story about
           | American cities. Why would you assume he is also referring to
           | all non-American cities?
        
             | synu wrote:
             | People here often talk make statements expanding on the
             | original article and I was curious, but in any case thanks
             | for confirming this is a US-only thing. Makes sense.
        
           | delftlander wrote:
           | As someone who lived in the Netherlands until 2018, I lived a
           | very different experience than you. While those two models
           | aren't perfect matches, they are quite familiar--at least in
           | North and South Holland.
           | 
           | Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht (ok, not Holland...) had
           | mass amounts of people from surrounding villages (essentially
           | suburbs) with longer commutes to work in the city (model 1).
           | I knew several people who worked in these cities and had a
           | daily commute of 40 to 60 minutes one way for university or
           | work.
           | 
           | A lot of Amsterdam can be seen as a densely populated area
           | facilitating moving people from residential areas to
           | commercial for work (essentially model 2). It absolutely has
           | a rush hour of people commuting from both the surrounding
           | areas and different neighborhoods; this is seen in both car
           | traffic, trams, taxis, and trains. Many other large cities in
           | neighboring countries (e.g. Brussels) would also fit this
           | description.
           | 
           | These might not be a 2-hour commutes, but it's far from
           | living, working, and shopping in your neighborhood.
        
         | kkfx wrote:
         | The modern (now past) city model was about economy of scale:
         | competing business in a small area means innovation, lower
         | prices and specialization. Since such model do not exists
         | substantially anymore cities have almost no purposes anymore.
         | 
         | Suburbs where people live but do not have services also suffer.
         | 
         | As a result the classic Riviera model where people live spread,
         | but also find local spread _small_ services survive and
         | flourish. At that point who want to be in cities or suburbs?
         | 
         | I fail to see ANY purposes to "convert offices to residential
         | buildings".
        
         | TuringNYC wrote:
         | I'm a life-long New Yorker, born and raised. Even I gave up on
         | the city and moved out, despite all the desire to live with low
         | carbon-impact and live a moderate lifestyle w/o cars. At some
         | point, the pain factor becomes too much. I'll give you some
         | examples
         | 
         | - Approximately 5-6yrs ago the transit quality in the outer-
         | boroughs (not Manhattan) became so bad that you could spend
         | 2hrs hours switching multiple trains if you were going into
         | Brooklyn. Trains would mysteriously not arrive, would run
         | express, would claim they have arrived on official apps but the
         | station was closed, etc. Then you think -- in 2hrs I could have
         | commuted into the suburb and lived in a beautiful home for half
         | the price and have a huge garden. And lots of people did
         | exactly that.
         | 
         | - When metros didnt work, you'd Uber, but then punitive fees
         | were added onto Uber rides to discourage that even. It was as
         | if you'd be squeezed from every direction.
         | 
         | - For some minority groups (eg Asian women), crime became a
         | huge problem. There wasnt much care from law enforcement (not
         | to punish, but even just to be present at subway stations and
         | cars). Many of my Asian friends moved out of the city for this
         | reason. You'd see groups of 5-6 cops chatting together at the
         | center of a station rather than be distributed across platforms
         | across a station.
         | 
         | - Numerous metro steps had non-working elevators and non-
         | working escalators, making travel with strollers dangerous or
         | impossible. Good luck of you are on a wheelchair. Ridiculous
         | ideas would be proposed where bicycles were somehow the magical
         | solution to all...as if I could jump on a ride-share bicycle
         | with two kids.
         | 
         | - Schooling was increasing byzantine. You could own a home but
         | not be guaranteed a seat at your local public school. You had
         | to use "connections" just to make it on the list, or your child
         | would end up half way across the Borough at a different public
         | school. You could have two kids zoned to the same public
         | school, but end up in two different public schools, making
         | school drops impossible. Test-driven systems were changed,
         | making things even harder. "Leadership" based public school
         | application systems were proposed, which is a euphemism for
         | "rich people" get accepted.
         | 
         | Ultimately cities are competing against suburbs, and from what
         | I saw in my particular case the city option failed. Even I
         | couldnt stomach the pain anymore and I gave up.
        
           | woodruffw wrote:
           | > Approximately 5-6yrs ago the transit quality in the outer-
           | boroughs (not Manhattan) became so bad that you could spend
           | 2hrs hours switching multiple trains if you were going into
           | Brooklyn. Trains would mysteriously not arrive, would run
           | express, would claim they have arrived on official apps but
           | the station was closed, etc. Then you think -- in 2hrs I
           | could have commuted into the suburb and lived in a beautiful
           | home for half the price and have a huge garden. And lots of
           | people did exactly that.
           | 
           | You're talking about the "summer of hell" on the subways,
           | which was over 5 years ago at this point[1]. I grew up in
           | Manhattan and currently live in Brooklyn (in an "average"
           | neighborhood for transit; neither accessible nor
           | inaccessible), and transit has been fine for at least the
           | past 3 years.
           | 
           | You can see the improvement in the MTA's own statistics[2].
           | This year so far has been slightly lower than 2021, but the
           | overall trend is positive.
           | 
           | > Schooling was increasing byzantine. You could own a home
           | but not be guaranteed a seat at your local public school. You
           | had to use "connections" just to make it on the list, or your
           | child would end up half way across the Borough at a different
           | public school. You could have two kids zoned to the same
           | public school, but end up in two different public schools,
           | making school drops impossible. Test-driven systems were
           | changed, making things even harder. "Leadership" based public
           | school application systems were proposed, which is a
           | euphemism for "rich people" get accepted.
           | 
           | I won't claim that this has gotten better or worse, but my
           | perspective from going to public schools is that there's
           | always been a degree of this.
           | 
           | The historical testing scheme _is_ a way to ensure that rich
           | people get access to the better NYC public schools: the
           | standardized tests are laughably easy to prep for, and every
           | UWS and UES 'er of means for the past three generations has
           | thrown money at tutors and test prep for their mediocre
           | children.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/07/24/public-
           | transit...
           | 
           | [2]: http://dashboard.mta.info/
        
             | TuringNYC wrote:
             | w/r/t http://dashboard.mta.info/ -- I have a feeling that
             | some of these are timed/theoretical/simulated rather than
             | actual (or at least were at a point.) I literally took
             | photos (need to find them) of cases where the dashboard
             | would show subways arriving but the station/track/side was
             | yellow-taped off.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | The technique used to calculate APT/ATT (the underlying
               | metrics for timeliness) are documented here (you have to
               | click through a few folds)[1].
               | 
               | They don't appear to be simulated or theoretical: they're
               | based on riders' swipes into the system. They _do_ make
               | certain ridership assumptions, however, because of the
               | limited data (e.g. that customers use the same
               | "corridor" during weekdays, and that the next swipe-in
               | corresponds roughly to the last exit during weekdays).
               | Those assumptions don't strike me as unreasonable, given
               | the MTA's inability to collect exit data.
               | 
               | Edit: The page goes into detail on those restrictions as
               | well. Interestingly, it sounds like OMNY gives them more
               | precise timestamps, and thus has allowed them to improve
               | the quality of the their metrics over the past ~2 years.
               | The fact that they haven't swung _substantially_ during
               | OMNY 's rollout indicates that there wasn't significant
               | error in the previous data.
               | 
               | [1]: http://dashboard.mta.info/Help
        
               | TuringNYC wrote:
               | One of the challenges of "poor-er" people...e.g. those on
               | local stops in outer-boroughs is the curse of express
               | trains running past their stops. They are expected to
               | switch again and come back to the stop where they should
               | have stopped anyway. Subway metrics show the trains are
               | operational, but they arent -- it is people adding
               | 20-30+min to a commute because only half the station is
               | operational.
               | 
               | Meanwhile the metrics (and exit counts) will show regular
               | operation. Sharing dashboards like these suggest a
               | working system when it isnt actually working that well.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | That's a great point, and I agree: the subway doesn't do
               | a uniformly good job of serving the city's population.
               | There's a reason the wealthy areas are around the lines
               | that they're around.
               | 
               | That being said: that's been true for 100 years. The
               | claim (which I agree with!) that the subway experience is
               | worse when poor doesn't have the temporal aspect that
               | your original claim did (that subway performance has
               | gotten worse _recently_.)
        
           | ryukafalz wrote:
           | > You could own a home but not be guaranteed a seat at your
           | local public school. You had to use "connections" just to
           | make it on the list, or your child would end up half way
           | across the Borough at a different public school.
           | 
           | I suspect this is an attempt to distribute students between
           | schools so you don't end up with one school made up of
           | students all from a rich neighborhood and another with
           | students all from a poorer neighborhood. That's how a lot of
           | the US does things and the poorer families consistently get
           | the short end of the stick.
        
             | TuringNYC wrote:
             | In my experience this was multi-fold (and nothing to do
             | with helping the poor)
             | 
             | - Housing would be built w/o appropriate ratios of schools
             | being built in the same zone (poor city planning, and over
             | reliance on connections vs rule of law)
             | 
             | - You could use connections to get to a well-rated public
             | school w/o living in the zone, but at the expense of a
             | local student being pushed out of zone. Note, this usually
             | favors the rich/connected, not the poor.
             | 
             | - Application acceptances were at the discretion of the
             | school w/o bright-line criteria, making favoritism a huge
             | issue. Note, this usually favors the rich, not the poor.
             | White the applications are straight-forward, NYC public
             | school registrars could and would refuse to accept an
             | application.
             | 
             | Ultimately, _the causes do not matter_ -- all that matters
             | is that the situation isnt palatable -- if you have 2 kids
             | in two different school in two vastly different locations,
             | and have no car, its close to impossible to drop the kids
             | off with public transport and get to work on time.
             | 
             | I rely on remote work now. I go into the city 2x/wk. The
             | school drop-offs are simple and live in a suburban township
             | where local public school seating is guaranteed by law
             | based on my lease/ownership address. No school registrar
             | can mysteriously refuse to register me (havent faced that
             | issue since i moved out of NYC), I dont need to lobby the
             | local congress-preson to register my kids in school,
             | nothing.
             | 
             | It "took a toll on NYC" but there wasnt really any real
             | option provided by NYC.
        
         | mavelikara wrote:
         | > The 2 existing models are a relic of a low technology past:
         | 
         | Both the factors you mention - cars, and mass transportation -
         | were huge technological advances of their times.
         | 
         | Technology has progressed since, so we might see different
         | models evolve. But don't mistake those models to be permanent
         | either.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > The 2 existing models are a relic of a low technology past:
         | suburbia with long car commutes to downtown, and dense cities
         | built around facilitating mass daily movement to the office
         | through subway/public transportation
         | 
         | I've been traveling Europe this month and visited several towns
         | and cities both large and small. From tiny villages of a few
         | hundred to 4,000,000+ people monsters.
         | 
         | One thing that struck me as vastly different than how USA does
         | things was the mixed zoning. Every city, no matter the size,
         | feels alive. People _live_ there. They don't sleep in one area
         | then go live in another. Everything happens organically near
         | where the people are and the city /town/neighborhood/village
         | never feels empty.
         | 
         | > Instead, we need self-sufficient neighborhoods catering to
         | different lifestyles and needs
         | 
         | This is exactly what Europe feels like. _A_ high street is
         | never far, even when you're in a sleepy residential
         | neighborhood. At the very least there's a small grocery store
         | and bar on the corner.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | If you travel or stay long enough you'll find there's plenty
           | of bedroom communities in Europe - you just didn't go to them
           | because why would a tourist go to them? The typical layout is
           | town->multi-family housing surrounding the town that is
           | walkable->larger housing (mix of multi/attached and detached
           | ) that is not walkable. Older parts of the USA (pre-war) are
           | very similar in that there's lots of mixed zoned areas where
           | people live among the shops and services local to them.
        
             | talideon wrote:
             | Even those bedroom communities are a lot more livable than
             | their US equivalents, because they have local amenities,
             | meaning you're not forced to go to some big-box store or
             | strip mall for stuff like you do in the US. They function
             | as small towns, not just vast swathes of houses, which
             | makes them more sustainable.
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | Carrefour is one of the largest retailers on earth
               | utilizing a big box model. They're all over bedroom
               | communities in suburban Paris.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | I agree that it's weird that people want to live in
               | places where there's nowhere to walk to and the landscape
               | is houses with nearly no landscaping except for lawns and
               | some shrubs. Not even trees - just a lawn desert of
               | isolated homes. It's not even a cost thing in many cases
               | as the homes are not cheap or small, etc.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | Well I was primarily visiting family so lots of bedroom
             | communities that by USA standards feel almost like a
             | downtown. Even a rural village had a boulangerie and coffee
             | place within a 20min walk.
             | 
             | Also I spent the first 28 years of my life in Europe so I
             | feel like I have somewhat of a grasp for what it's like.
             | Just that these defaults become more obvious when you live
             | elsewhere for a while.
        
       | rychco wrote:
       | Good, American cities aren't designed for human beings to
       | actually _live_ in. Hopefully this will cause major zoning reform
       | & allow us to have dense, healthy, mixed-use cities.
        
       | atomicnumber3 wrote:
       | Some cities, perhaps. I live in a large (for the Midwest) city in
       | the heartland and previously, being a software engineer around
       | here topped out at ~150k if you had 25 years of experience. (This
       | was literally quoted to me by our most "illustrious" local
       | company, which is just a big government/bigco contracting place).
       | 
       | I got very lucky in finding a highly unusual job paying >>>
       | median wage (but still very light compared to if I moved to the
       | Bay Area). Then the pandemic happened and now in my most recent
       | job search (just completed, I got laid off in November alongside
       | all the other people) pretty much every place offered remote
       | without even asking and I had my pick of pretty much any company
       | I wanted despite my house being literally in a (feed)corn field.
       | 
       | So pretty pumped about some of these very profitable companies
       | finally directing some (prodigious) payroll into my locale. Both
       | selfishly and because I hope it helps inject outside cash locally
       | where it otherwise wouldn't ever go.
        
         | jimkleiber wrote:
         | I'm both excited for you and worried that over the medium to
         | long term, companies will adjust the pay down to match people's
         | locales and such salaries will be lower over time from more
         | competition.
         | 
         | But as I said, excited for you as it currently stands :-)
        
           | xen2xen1 wrote:
           | The real concern is that companies that are 100% remote will
           | pick Romaina and not Iowa.
        
             | newaccount2021 wrote:
             | [dead]
        
             | em500 wrote:
             | Why is that the real concern? Are Romanians (or Indians for
             | that matter) somehow less deserving of higher pay than
             | Iowans?
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | I think that it is because speaker is an American and for
               | Americans, business being in America is better then the
               | one in Romania.
               | 
               | The same goes for people in Romania who absolutely
               | understand the exact same thing. They prefer jobs to be
               | in their country.
               | 
               | It is legitimate for people to worry whether jobs will be
               | where they live or elsewhere.
        
               | em500 wrote:
               | My question was mostly retorical. I know that
               | prioritizing fellow citizens is common in almost every
               | country. But I think it is in most cases not morally
               | justifiable, especially in the US where almost everyone
               | is descendent of low single-digit generation immigrants.
               | Not to mention 0-generation immigrants especially in
               | California. (It wouldn't surprise me if there are more
               | highly paid Californian SWE with family in India or China
               | than in Iowa.)
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | It is usually morally justifiable because one is more
               | likely to have a positive impact on your family and
               | community.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | It wouldn't surprise me either to learn that more
               | Californian <anything requiring college or equivalent>
               | have family coming from among over a bit over a billion
               | than from a bit over 3 million people.
        
               | xen2xen1 wrote:
               | I'm sitting in the American Midwest. Good jobs are
               | already scarce here, and people are used to "move to a
               | big city for decent pay". So yes, it's a concern.
        
               | skeeter2020 wrote:
               | Is it a real concern? Obviously if you live in Iowa, yes.
        
               | fundad wrote:
               | People can downsize to Romania if salaries sink that low.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | Unless Romania decides they want the kind of control of
               | their local culture and wat of life that os cited to
               | motivate American immigration restrictions, which have
               | led to the absolute (not just population proportional)
               | rate of legal immigration peaking in 1907.
        
             | theGnuMe wrote:
             | I use to worry about this but in my experience there's too
             | much work and not enough workers worldwide so it's not a
             | big deal especially considering language barriers. Even
             | outsourcing hits physical limits. Having folks in the same
             | or closely related time zones makes a huge difference.
             | Having folks with skin in the game and no Visa issues as
             | well.
             | 
             | I also think opportunities are only going to grow.
        
           | atomicnumber3 wrote:
           | I think - and obviously this is speculation - that "real"
           | software companies (where their primary product is a software
           | thingy with appropriate unit economics) will not really be
           | able to lower comp regardless of where it is. There's a
           | reason engineers in SF get paid 300-500k TC easy, and it's
           | because they generate multiples of that in return. Software
           | is ridiculously high-margin and (not to toot our collective
           | on horn, but) it's not something anyone can just do,
           | especially at the mix of technical and soft skills that many
           | FAANG type places require you to be at once you're at
           | senior/staff levels.
           | 
           | And let's be honest, if places really could, they would've
           | already outsourced to people where COL is 99% lower instead
           | of 20-50% lower.
           | 
           | I do think people tend to overestimate how much cheaper it is
           | to live in flyover country. Even real estate isn't _that%_
           | much cheaper unless you're literally buying a farm with no
           | good internet. And iPhones cost the exact same. So it's not
           | like companies will be eyeing Kansas as the next India or
           | Estonia. It's just not enough of an arbitrage to be worth it.
           | Most places I looked at recently were only geo-adjusting base
           | comp by either 0 or 10%.
           | 
           | This is all for senior software eng positions though. Junior
           | and mid positions might be a very different story due to
           | supply being so much higher.
        
         | grugagag wrote:
         | Would the salaries be different for different remote locations
         | though? If salaries were level then this would be a good thing
         | for workers and for cities as well. Cities may as well get more
         | decongested, rents may drop enough to become affordable and so
         | on
        
         | qwertyuiop_ wrote:
         | I am planning on living on a farming locale like yours. Being a
         | software professional what is your internet connectivity like ?
         | If wanted to run a fiber how much would that cost ?
        
           | atomicnumber3 wrote:
           | It's a bit odd tbh because around here even a city of almost
           | half a million souls isn't more than about a 25 minute drive
           | from honeybee territory even if you stand in the heart of
           | downtown. So while I do live in a cornfield, I have gigabit
           | fiber and am in a new construction suburb right on the border
           | between the honeybees and the actual city limits. It's a nice
           | mix. And since the area of a circle increases with the square
           | of its radius I expect it to stay roughly at this level of
           | development for quite a while since there's tons of space.
           | 
           | I don't think you could even get a response from someone at
           | the local ISPs to laugh at you for asking about running fiber
           | though, so you do have to pre-check that if (since) it's
           | important to you. (I did). It's ATT and Spectrum (nee
           | Charter) around here.
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | Amen! It's high time the shit-holes that are car-oriented
       | megacities gave place into more livable places
        
         | bottlepalm wrote:
         | You mean the car-oriented suburbs?
        
           | kcb wrote:
           | They are related. The car-oriented cities that serve as only
           | a destination for car-oriented suburbs. With huge highways
           | cutting up neighborhoods that lead directly into a downtown
           | that is mostly parking lots. See the example of Tulsa,
           | Oklahoma that is fully encircled by massive freeways and half
           | the surface is just parking lots.
        
           | bart_spoon wrote:
           | You say that as if they aren't two parts of a whole. American
           | cities and suburbs aren't distinct entities, they are two
           | essential organs to a single body. All of the things people
           | hate about American cities are enabled by American suburbs
           | and vice versa. The hope is that remote work will enable more
           | self-contained neighborhoods and small cities to replace
           | soul-less suburbs and unlivable cities. Suburbs will likely
           | be the long-term winners and cities the long-term losers, but
           | the status quo in America was unsustainable, so something was
           | going to have to give.
        
       | ricksunny wrote:
       | poor-man's market research:
       | 
       | Would _you_ (not your belief about others) be interested in co-
       | working  / co-living locales, in different countries (think Costa
       | Rica, Tenerife, Zanzibar) with excellent maintained QoS
       | connectivity, and (higher tier offering) where your right to work
       | (local work visa) for your home-country employer / clients was
       | looked after by the company hosting the network of sites? Goal:
       | to liberate you to maintain your employ but hopping from locale
       | to locale on a monthly or even weekly basis, with diverse life
       | experiences to go with it.
       | 
       | (cue HNers posting links of offerings that already exist but I
       | promise from experience don't really offer at any ubiquity or
       | scale)
       | 
       | Important caveat: assume your home country's tax regulations have
       | no contest with your working physically from outside its borders.
        
         | wonderwonder wrote:
         | Prior to getting married and having kids, absolutely. After,
         | not at all unfortunately
        
           | ricksunny wrote:
           | Thank you for that feedback, helpful to understand that
           | segmentation :) I'm guessing that traveling with family /
           | setting kids up in local schools or remote learning is a non-
           | starter?
        
             | wonderwonder wrote:
             | Yup, exactly. Wife's job is hybrid so could probably
             | overcome that obstacle and get to fully remote. Kids though
             | have friends and an established school. Can't really
             | justify pulling them out of their established lives now. If
             | we had always been nomadic then not a big deal but hard to
             | change now.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | I cannot imagine moving weekly or monthly with kids in
             | school. I think that's not going to be fair to the vast,
             | vast majority of kids and their need to develop friendships
             | over a multi-month to multi-year timeframe.
        
         | PuppyTailWags wrote:
         | Me personally, no. Nomadic lifestyles prevent one from pursuing
         | the kind of hobbies I would like to pursue (exotic pets and
         | plants).
        
           | ricksunny wrote:
           | That makes sense - cool hobbies! =)
        
             | PuppyTailWags wrote:
             | Thanks! If a counterpoint would be helpful, I know someone
             | around my age where a nomadic lifestyle would be perfect
             | for because his hobby is traveling.
        
               | ricksunny wrote:
               | Indeed, when I think of all the resumes & CVs I've come
               | across whose personal interests line at the end says
               | "Hobbies: traveling", I'm led to wonder why more people
               | don't seem to allow themselves the creativity to
               | integrate their work alongside their hobby of preference.
               | Those such that I have met in passing in far-flung
               | locales had taken grest pains to structure their work
               | lives $ careers around the location-independent
               | capability. I just thought more should have that
               | opportunity of they could be facilitated to.
        
         | bobwaycott wrote:
         | Absolutely, if the locations are a good personal fit. Looking
         | into that right now as a recent empty-nester.
         | 
         | Weekly hopping is too frequent for me, however, and a month
         | feels barely long enough. I've been looking at 90-day minimum
         | stays, with a preference for 6 months to a year.
         | 
         | Feel free to reach out if you'd like to chat with someone
         | seriously interested in this.
        
           | ricksunny wrote:
           | That's great to understand: Just messaged :) Totally hadn't
           | thought of the empty-nester persona yet makes a lot of sense
           | - I wonder if it represents a decently sized segment..?
        
         | oceanplexian wrote:
         | I personally would be in the target market, however I've
         | typically rented AirBNB's in different countries and worked
         | from there. So there would have to be some kind of upside over
         | that for it to be worth it.
         | 
         | That said, biggest problem with "working from a different
         | country" for me is self control. It's hard to actually be
         | productive when the weather is beautiful, lots of interesting
         | things are going on, and the beach is calling. Perhaps a co-
         | working, or some kind of organized offsite with coworkers could
         | change that.
        
       | shams93 wrote:
       | Cities take a huge toll on the environment. in Los Angeles the
       | week we had basically total lockdown we had the best air quality
       | ever here.
        
       | newaccount2021 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | Terretta wrote:
       | It wouldn't devastate them if people could live above or around
       | (walkable distance even in bad weather) where they work. It would
       | revitalize them.
       | 
       | The automobile society notion of residential far from workplace
       | is just bad.
        
         | ggreer wrote:
         | Except for remote positions, how does that work? Does everyone
         | move when they change jobs in a city?
        
           | chemerson wrote:
           | You could. Lots of people do things like that. You could also
           | live near public transportation that might change the
           | definition of "near" for some workers. I personally have
           | never gotten a new job in the same city as my last.
        
             | mavelikara wrote:
             | > I personally have never gotten a new job in the same city
             | as my last.
             | 
             | If you don't mind me asking, how old are you?
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Not GP, but I'm 51, been working in tech since I was 21
               | and, though all my jobs have been within about 50 miles
               | of each other, none has been in the same city as the
               | previous either. The closest sequential pairing of jobs
               | was 3.5 miles apart.
        
               | mavelikara wrote:
               | Do you move when you take different jobs, as the ggreer
               | had asked above in the thread?
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | No, but that's because I don't have to because I drive to
               | work*, in contravention to Terretta's suggestion "if
               | people could live above or around (walkable distance even
               | in bad weather) where they work...The automobile society
               | notion of residential far from workplace is just bad."
               | 
               | * One of those jobs was close enough to walk (1.1 miles).
               | I would regularly walk that commute, in most anything
               | less than hellish rain or heavy snow. But that means that
               | my previous job from that residence was 2.7 miles away,
               | which isn't nearly as practical to walk year-round in New
               | England.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | Right now, yes and no. I live in a mid sized town in the
           | Midwest. People who are renting, and not tied down by things
           | like having kids in school, are fairly likely to move if a
           | job change alters their commute. However, it's complicated by
           | the fact that they are also influenced by the amenities that
           | different neighborhoods offer. For instance do you prefer
           | lots of hip restaurants, or lots of green space?
           | 
           | Once people are more dug in, they will often just eat the
           | longer commute. However, there is a sizable "transient"
           | population that is as likely to move to another town when
           | they change jobs. This is true of people like academics,
           | doctors, and so forth.
           | 
           | There are certain occupations that are fairly centralized,
           | due to being the seat of government and home to a large
           | university. My spouse just changed jobs at the U, and we
           | already live close to there.
        
             | thewebcount wrote:
             | > People who are renting, and not tied down by things like
             | having kids in school
             | 
             | What? Why do you think that? Plenty of people with children
             | in school live in rented apartments, condos, townhomes, and
             | even houses.
        
         | TuringNYC wrote:
         | >> It wouldn't devastate them if people could live above or
         | around (walkable distance even in bad weather) where they work.
         | 
         | So how would this work when you switch jobs, do you keep moving
         | residences? That would be super-disruptive. Also, what if you
         | switch jobs but you're in a timed-lease? What if you switch
         | jobs and change residences but your kids are in a local school?
         | These things get really complicated.
        
       | shoulderfake wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | talideon wrote:
       | Then cities need to become places where people live again.
       | That'll be easier to do with fewer silly restrictions on what
       | qualifies as valid as a residential area, but also can't be used
       | as an excuse for developers to create tiny box apartments.
        
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