[HN Gopher] Ask HN: What to do with a coffee plantation with abo...
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       Ask HN: What to do with a coffee plantation with about 8000 trees?
        
       My dad left me a coffee plantation and I have no experience in this
       at all, nor did he. It is freshly planted so it won't reach peak
       production until around 2026. But I want to learn how I could go
       about taking care of it and eventually start selling beans. Do you
       have any resource I can take a look at to learn more about coffee
       and its production process?
        
       Author : tsingy
       Score  : 209 points
       Date   : 2022-12-24 09:54 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
       | J253 wrote:
       | I'm a home roaster and buy my green beans from a website called
       | www.sweetmarias.com. Everything about this company is awesome but
       | there's guy there named Tom who knows probably as much as anyone
       | could know about the entire coffee process from growing to
       | wholesaling to roasting. He always travels to farms to meets with
       | growers before purchasing. I guarantee if you get a hold of their
       | customer service and explain your situation, you'll be able to
       | get a hold of someone there who can give you answers to most of
       | your coffee-related questions.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Thanks a lot, I will reach out to them.
        
       | traceroute66 wrote:
       | Let's be realistic here, your only option is to sell it.
       | 
       | Recap the facts:                      - You've confirmed you have
       | no experience ("I have no experience in this at all")
       | - You've confirmed your dad had no experience ("nor did he") ...
       | so how do you know it's "good" land, or you dad did a good job
       | until now ? Are you sure there are no "skeletons in the cupboard"
       | ?            - You haven't got long ("around 2026"), we're
       | entering 2023 now, 3 years will fly by.  You have no experience,
       | you have no coffee bean buyers lined up (in what is a very
       | competitive market).            - Remember you are also taking on
       | MORE financial risk by continuing because you will doubtless be
       | required to incur CAPEX and OPEX expenses. So not only could it
       | become a mental headache for you, but it could easily become a
       | financial blackhole too.
       | 
       | You _could_ lease it out, but do you _HONESTLY_ (a) want the
       | headache of managing tenants, legal contracts, collecting rent
       | and all that jazz (b) have enough experience to make sure you are
       | not getting screwed and your tenants treating the land well ?
        
         | kevmo314 wrote:
         | No need to be so discouraging. Is it likely to be a lucrative
         | business? Probably not. Is it likely to be even profitable?
         | Probably not. But if OP wants to learn, why suggest their only
         | option is to sell it? We don't tell our kids to give up
         | programming because they have no idea how much pain dealing
         | with javascript is.
        
           | traceroute66 wrote:
           | > No need to be so discouraging
           | 
           | I'm not being discouraging, I am being realistic.
           | 
           | I am looking at the situation from someone who has no ties to
           | the situation. Taking the completely objective view with no
           | bias.
           | 
           | I am looking at the situation who has been involved in small
           | businesses, I know how tough running a small business is ....
           | running a small farming business with zero experience will be
           | sheer hell, frankly.
           | 
           | If they had a couple of decades to learn, that might be one
           | thing... but they have stated they have three years (2023 -
           | 2026). The hard reality is that you are not going to become a
           | farming wizard in three years. You are taking on a lot of
           | stress and a lot of financial risk. 21st century farming is a
           | tough business with tight margins and near-zero tolerance for
           | mistakes.
        
             | rippercushions wrote:
             | OP has zero years, not three, because the choices they make
             | today (and their father already made) will have a huge
             | impact on the quantity and quality of the future crop.
        
             | quacked wrote:
             | I think the move you're missing is getting in on the ground
             | floor with a solid ownership share to an experienced coffee
             | grower. A 51/49 ownership split or a similar arrangement
             | could be a life-changing opportunity for an experienced
             | farmhand or manager. (Of course OP will not be able to tell
             | the sharks from the real helpers and this would still be a
             | gamble unlikely to pay off--it just could also be an
             | incredible life experience that assists in later success.)
             | 
             | I would say that if OP has a family and isn't already
             | loaded, sell outright, but if they're younger and willing
             | to go through hell they definitely should try to be
             | involved in growing coffee beans.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Yes, or you get screwed out of your share in some tricky
               | way. If you do not have experience in the market how do
               | you know if you're getting cleaned out?
        
             | Godel_unicode wrote:
             | > I'm not being discouraging, I am being realistic
             | 
             | Hardly, you don't know anything about how difficult it is
             | to do what they're trying to do. For all you know it's a
             | crop that essentially grows itself and has a huge market
             | demand so selling is easy. Your experience in unrelated
             | small businesses in another country has very little
             | bearing.
        
               | traceroute66 wrote:
               | > it's a crop that essentially grows itself and has a
               | huge market demand so selling is easy.
               | 
               | I'm sorry but you're hilarious.
               | 
               | There is no such thing as "grows itself" and there is no
               | such thing as "easy selling".
               | 
               | Many years of experience can make growing _LOOK_ easy.
               | 
               | Many years of experience and contacts can make selling
               | _LOOK_ easy.
               | 
               | But the reality is it isn't.
               | 
               | I mean, look at programming.
               | 
               | Anybody can learn to program. Anybody can use boilerplate
               | code and WYSIWIG editors to make code that "essentially
               | writes itself".
               | 
               | There is also "huge market demand" for programming.
               | 
               | But the reality is people, especially the good paying
               | people, want experienced programmers, not noobs.
               | 
               | An experienced programmer can make programming _LOOK_
               | easy. An experienced programmer can have a book of high-
               | paying clients. But that is due to the experience.
        
               | mtsr wrote:
               | You're potentially setting the bar very high, though.
               | Sure, experienced programmers can command very high
               | rates. But even mediocre programmers can make a good
               | living.
               | 
               | The same could very well hold for a coffee plantation.
               | I've seen something like it with an
               | orange/nispero/avocado orchard. Yes, it's easy to make
               | mistakes and it's not easy to get rich. But break-even is
               | quite possibly not that hard to achieve.
               | 
               | As another poster mentioned, these things are very
               | regional. In the orange orchard case, there happens to be
               | a cooperative in almost every larger village in the whole
               | region. You can easily source everything you need there
               | and you can sell your produce wholesale. Both at fair
               | rates, since the neighbors also go there and they pay/get
               | the same. And there's plenty of neighbors who will be
               | willing to help out (although you might also find those
               | who want you to fail to buy your land). And for the day-
               | to-day you can make use of the experience of day
               | labourers that you can pretty much always find in these
               | areas.
        
               | Godel_unicode wrote:
               | Don't cherry pick words to change the meaning of people's
               | sentences, it makes you seem disingenuous.
               | 
               | Edit: see also the top-level comment from the former
               | actual coffee farmer who said that there's not that much
               | to do outside the harvesting season. This goes to my
               | actual point, which is that your experience in a totally
               | different field doesn't translate. Now that's hilarious.
        
               | behringer wrote:
               | Honestly I don't buy your argument. In the US you can
               | take your crop to the nearest grain elevator and sell it
               | by the truckload. If there's a way to unload your coffee
               | in Madagascar the same way, one only needs to learn how
               | to tend the farm.
               | 
               | Without any experience in coffee farming, I can't say if
               | that's as easy as shaking the tree under a barrow or
               | what.
               | 
               | I really don't see how you could know any more than that.
               | 
               | Yes running a business can be hard, but not necessarily.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Friends bought a relatively large olive plantation. They
               | had a ton of savings, moved from NL to Portugal and went
               | 'all in' It took them more than a decade before they
               | really got the hang of it. By then their savings had
               | depleted and they had no other option than to flee
               | forward and really make it a success. It worked, barely.
               | There is no such thing as a 'crop that essentially grows
               | itself'. It may seem like that to people that visit
               | supermarkets rather than farmhouses, toolsheds and
               | plantations. Any kind of cash crop will require money
               | invested upfront (land, plants, this part seems to be
               | covered), money until maturation (irrigation, fencing,
               | possibly pruning depending on the crop), money to
               | harvest. And if you're lucky they pay-off from the
               | harvest covers all those other costs, or hopefully at
               | least a substantial fraction. And if it doesn't there's
               | always chapter 11...
               | 
               | When you're used to the kind of income that software can
               | generate farming anything seems like very hard work, even
               | when it works well.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | It's discouraging. It's _encouraging_. Encouraging to sell,
           | because that decision makes by far the most sense. If I
           | inherited a business that I have no experience in and that I
           | would not have started by myself I wouldn 't even bother with
           | an 'Ask HN', I would have been on the phone to someone who
           | brokers coffee plantations. Besides that, I don't drink
           | coffee so I wouldn't even know if my product is any good.
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | > We don't tell our kids to give up programming because they
           | have no idea how much pain dealing with javascript is.
           | 
           | Learning to program is low risk, high reward. The absolute
           | worst thing that can come from failing is the hard drive
           | space used by VSCode and the lost evenings you were going to
           | waste on Minecraft anyway. Meanwhile, the reward is a
           | lucrative software engineering job or at least the ability to
           | make neat stuff. No reason not to give it a try; if you like
           | it, you gained a new skill. If you dislike it, you find some
           | other hobby. A maximum of $0 will be spent. Maybe $20 if you
           | buy a book or something.
           | 
           | The same is not true of an industrial coffee farm. Property
           | tax bills will come due. Employees have to be hired and then
           | fired when you fail. Specialized machinery needs to be
           | purchased and will be useless when you give up.
           | 
           | If you've got a few million dollars in your bank account
           | that's burning a hole in your pocket, then I suppose "learn
           | the coffee trade by buying a full-scale manor" is something
           | you could do. If you don't, then cash out now and use the
           | money to build a business you'll actually succeed in. If you
           | just want to learn how to grow and roast coffee, plant a
           | coffee tree in your backyard. When you get bored and it dies,
           | pay someone $200 to remove it.
           | 
           | I definitely get these ideas in my head all the time. I was
           | watching some video about a box factory and was like I should
           | own a box factory. You get a cool industrial loft, and there
           | are machines in there, and guys with trucks come to pick up
           | your boxes. Easy money easy life!! The I realize the video is
           | a safety investigation video and the box factory blew up and
           | killed everyone in the neighborhood because water coming into
           | the plant had too much oxygen in it and am like; wait I don't
           | know anything about any of this stuff. I will stick to
           | programming for the time being.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | I was really worried this post was going to be about selling it
       | so I came by to say don't!
       | 
       | I don't have any answers about how to make coffee but two
       | thoughts:
       | 
       | * start a brr.fyi blog about it, we love that here
       | 
       | * if Jason Mraz can do it, so can you!
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Will do as soon some change happen I promise.
         | 
         | Well Jason Mraz has access to capital I don't, money makes
         | doing business easier.
         | 
         | Thanks for the nice words.
        
       | 11235813213455 wrote:
       | I'd diversify the plantation with many fruit trees, you get some
       | seasonal workers (who collect and sell at market). As a
       | fruitarian, I'd love to be in your position
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | I thought about and I'm already looking for trees / fruits that
         | grow well with coffee. I too think it's a great opportunity,
         | but the lack of knowledge about the subject scares me.
        
       | chrisbrandow wrote:
       | I actually know a family with a small coffee plantation. I can
       | put you in touch if you're interested. Let me know and we can
       | figure out a way to contact each other securely.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Big YES, please if it's not a bother. Thanks a lot, e-mail is
         | in bio.
        
       | cristiioan wrote:
       | I don't think asking here is the best idea
        
         | gk1 wrote:
         | I'm constantly surprised by the kinds of people found on HN. If
         | you told me yesterday there's an active HN reader who owns a
         | 25,000-tree coffee farm in Colombia... and yet here we are.
        
       | Magi604 wrote:
       | The reasonable answer here, unfortunately, is to sell it, for
       | reasons that others in this thread have pointed it out.
       | 
       | The YOLO "hollywood movie"/NYT best seller answer, however, is to
       | drop everything you're doing, go to Madagascar, spend some time
       | trying and failing (with hijinx!) to grow the crop yourself. Your
       | neighbors at first are distant and doubtful, but slowly you gain
       | their respect. 15 years from today, tsingy brand coffee is a
       | household name.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Plus you meet your soulmate who is living monk-like because
         | they are still devastated from the mother/father of their
         | children passing away suddenly four years ago. Finally their
         | kids tell them it's time to move on and you get married six
         | months later.
        
         | diego wrote:
         | I mostly agree. The way I would face this decision is like
         | this:
         | 
         | 1) Do I enjoy the coffee business? Would I have bought that
         | plantation if the opportunity had arisen? If the answer is no,
         | selling is most likely the right answer.
         | 
         | 2) That being said, it's not like the plantation is a hot
         | potato that needs to be sold right away. OP has some time to
         | check it out, learn about the business and decide if this is
         | something worth trying for a few years. How long to try for?
         | What's the opportunity cost? They would decide to invest a
         | limited amount of time (e.g. one year of work) and then
         | reevaluate at the end. I would timebox this decision process
         | too. Perhaps learn all you can in a month and decide if you
         | want to give it a shot? Part of this process should involve
         | getting in touch with people in the industry and seeing if you
         | like interacting with them. In the end, most of your job will
         | be about interacting with the different types of players in
         | your industry.
        
         | Alex3917 wrote:
         | The reality though is you could plant 100 - 200 fruit trees and
         | make the same amount of money each year as the coffee
         | plantation with 99% less work.
        
       | paulkrush wrote:
       | This is such an odd post for HN and it got real attention. What
       | gives?
        
       | ricberw wrote:
       | One word: SimFarm
       | 
       | If you try, you'll probably end up with locust swarms.
        
       | carapace wrote:
       | You might look into "Syntropic" agriculture and "Permaculture".
       | The basic idea is to mimic natural ecosystems with agriculturally
       | productive plants and animals.
       | 
       | https://agendagotsch.com/en/what-is-syntropic-farming/
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Will looks into those, thanks a lot. As I want to be
         | environmentally friendly these a really interesting.
        
       | beAbU wrote:
       | Most of my family are farmers. It's crazy hard work, requiring a
       | massive amount of effort and know-how. Most of my farming
       | relatives are better educated than me from a pure academic
       | perspective.
       | 
       | Making a success of a commercial farm requires deep knowledge of
       | the crop, the land, the weather and the local pests. Gone are the
       | days of doing things the way your forefathers did things. Moreso
       | if you actually want to be competitive in the market that you are
       | producing for.
       | 
       | Please dont make the romantic mistake of thinking you will become
       | this farmer and it's all sunshine and success. One bad crop
       | (which could be because of no fault of your own) can mean
       | financial ruin.
       | 
       | My advice: rub shoulders with the locals in the area. Maybe
       | theres a farmer interested in renting your land and trees.
       | Alternatively, appoint an expert to manage and run the farm for
       | you.
       | 
       | Theres a certain romanticism associated whith owning land you
       | inherited. But you have to be honest with yourself and look at
       | the numbers. If it's not your expertise and the financials don't
       | make sense you'll probably be better off selling the land.
       | 
       | My dad and I had exactly this conversation recently. He has some
       | land that he got from his father, that he's renting out to the
       | farming relatives. My dad's at the age now where he needs to plan
       | for what happens to his estate. We looked at the numbers and
       | relaized me and my brother will be better off selling and taking
       | the money. In my country you are liable to pay hefty taxes on
       | inheritance. Neither of us have the reserves to pay those taxes
       | on a piece of land we have no idea how to run or manage. You
       | inherit an asset that you are forced to liquidate in order to
       | afford the inheritance taxes on that asset.
        
         | mccorrinall wrote:
         | > One bad crop (which could be because of no fault of your own)
         | can mean financial ruin.
         | 
         | You can hedge crop in many ways. Give Terry Duffy a call.
        
           | vehementi wrote:
           | There is also insurance, and other income stabilization
           | options
        
         | vikR0001 wrote:
         | > You inherit an asset that you are forced to liquidate in
         | order to afford the inheritance taxes on that asset.
         | 
         | Do you live in France by any chance?
        
           | beAbU wrote:
           | Nope, South Africa.
        
           | georgyo wrote:
           | This is true in the US as well. Though it only affects people
           | with larger inheritances.
           | 
           | https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tips/estates/what-are-
           | inheri...
           | 
           | Out of scope for this comment, but there are several ways
           | these taxs is avoided.
        
         | quickthrowman wrote:
         | > In my country you are liable to pay hefty taxes on
         | inheritance. Neither of us have the reserves to pay those taxes
         | on a piece of land we have no idea how to run or manage.
         | 
         | 1. Borrow against the land to pay the inheritance taxes.
         | 
         | 2. Rent the land to a farmer, use the cashflow to pay off the
         | inheritance tax loan until it's paid off.
         | 
         | 3. Keep renting the land to receive cash income.
         | 
         | If the cashflow from renting the land is not enough to pay off
         | the tax loan, sell the land.
        
           | texasbigdata wrote:
           | Naive.
        
             | CrazyStat wrote:
             | This is not a helpful contribution to the discussion.
        
             | ticviking wrote:
             | Hopeful, and for someone who wants to commit to preserve
             | that inheritance not the most insane approach I've heard.
             | 
             | Are you aware of better strategies to do that?
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | I will hire people for sure. I can manage numbers and people,
         | not a farm. Seems like France laws about inheritance.
        
         | dbcurtis wrote:
         | I will agree with parent comment and add a personal anecdote
         | that perhaps provides some models for you to consider.
         | 
         | I am a farm boy. There was one night many decades ago where I
         | said to myself: "You can either wrap your head around DiffEQ,
         | pass the course, and graduate with an engineering degree, or go
         | home and clean hog barns for the rest of your life." I chose
         | option A. While this makes a good story, it is also the literal
         | truth. The point being, I grew up in farming and understand it,
         | but have little desire to manage a farm myself. Same goes for
         | my wife.
         | 
         | Eventually with the passage of time, we inherited farm land.
         | Our path has been to rent the land to farmer operators that we
         | have good relationships with, and manage the leasing ourselves.
         | If course, with the advice of an attorney and an accountant
         | that are both local to the area where the farms are and who do
         | a lot of farm-related practice. We feel we understand farming
         | well enough to engage with farmer-operators and negotiate fair
         | rents, get soil-conservation terms in our lease agreements that
         | we desire, negotiate capital improvement projects that are
         | mutually beneficial (some of our farm land had drainage tile
         | installed a few years back, for example.)
         | 
         | If you go this path, you will want local legal and accounting
         | advice. You should also understand enough of the "big picture"
         | items like the ebb-and-flow of the pricing of the commodity in
         | question, how that impacts rents, the rent models used with
         | operators for that particular commodity, and any farming
         | practices that you with to enforce, such as soil and water
         | conservation, appropriate use of pesticides and herbicides, who
         | gets the rent from pollinators if that applies, etc.
         | 
         | Option 2 is farm management companies. My farm land is in Iowa
         | and Minnesota, so hardly coffee country. It is corn (maize) and
         | soy bean country. There is a corn-belt farm management company
         | called Hertz farm management that is one of the large,
         | reputable farm management companies that many people in our
         | situation use. You might be able to find an equivalent firm.
         | This is a good option if you want something more turn-key, and
         | don't feel that you have sufficient expertise be a landlord-
         | with-a-clue.
        
           | beAbU wrote:
           | Your note about local services is super important. Local
           | lawyers, accountants, banks and suppliers. People who
           | understand the land, the crop, the challenges and all that.
           | In my locality we have hyper local banks that only specialize
           | in loans for local farmers. They understand the market, their
           | clients and the associated risks.
           | 
           | 300km in any direction is far enough that the rules are
           | different.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | Your answer and the parent's are both awesome. Thanks to both
           | of you.
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | > You inherit an asset that you are forced to liquidate in
         | order to afford the inheritance taxes on that asset.
         | 
         | It is worth speaking with an estate lawyer or accountant. There
         | are strategies to avoid this that differ based on country, but
         | insurance usually plays a role. It is, in my opinion, unfair
         | that someone would be forced by taxes to sell the birthright
         | that their parent spent a lifetime working for. Good luck.
        
           | vikR0001 wrote:
           | Do you live in France by any chance?
        
           | extraduder_ire wrote:
           | I assume this is also the case in a lot of other countries,
           | but where I live the inheritance rules are different for farm
           | land/assets. There's still a tax on it, but the lower limit
           | is much higher, and I think the rate might be lower too.
           | 
           | I think the aim of this is to avoid breaking up already
           | poorly performing farms, and because the business tend to be
           | low-revenue but high in assets (land, mostly). Doesn't hurt
           | that farmers are a huge voting block here.
        
           | throw827474737 wrote:
           | And to others birthright and fairness in one sentence looks
           | really strange ;)
        
             | Waterluvian wrote:
             | "Birthright" is this concept that can easily be accepted
             | without question as cosmically inherent. But when you
             | examine it, it doesn't really make any sense at all. It's a
             | great way to perpetuate inequality, especially wholly
             | unearned inequality.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | There are multiple forms of birthright, too. The one
               | we're used to is the right of aggregation -- I had one,
               | inherited another, and now I have two.
               | 
               | Another form is the right of selection -- I have one,
               | here's another one that just become unowned, and I get
               | dibs on choosing that over my own. If I retain my own,
               | the other lapses to the public. If I choose the other,
               | mine does.
        
               | tosc wrote:
               | > But when you examine it, it doesn't really make any
               | sense at all. It's a great way to perpetuate inequality,
               | especially wholly unearned inequality.
               | 
               | This paragraph doesn't make any sense at all either.
               | 
               | The reason is that there is no meaning whatsoever to the
               | concept of earned inequality, and therefore no meaning to
               | the idea of 'unearned' inequality.
        
               | zo1 wrote:
               | One could argue that it's "cosmically inherent" that
               | something you earn through your own labor (of the body
               | that you control/own?) should be yours do with as you
               | please, so long as it doesn't hurt others. If you can't
               | accept that fundamental property, we are quite frankly
               | serfs, which is a few steps away from slaves. Slaves not
               | only didn't own their own body, but they also didn't own
               | the fruits of their labor.
        
               | awinder wrote:
               | You can balance the real dual-interests at play here
               | through progressive taxation, allowing for transfers of
               | wealth that only marginally accelerate society-wide
               | wealth disparity. The slaves/serfs lingo is a little
               | stretched when it applies necessarily to other people,
               | and those other people have had their entire lives to
               | benefit from the wealth of the other person anyways.
        
               | nkrisc wrote:
               | > One could argue that it's "cosmically inherent" that
               | something you earn through your own labor (of the body
               | that you control/own?) should be yours do with as you
               | please, so long as it doesn't hurt others.
               | 
               | Why is it only "cosmically inherent" as long as you don't
               | hurt others? Has the tiger no cosmically inherent right
               | to his meal? The truth is he doesn't, he must defend his
               | kill if necessary.
               | 
               | The truth is you must defend what you've earned as well,
               | either by force or through mutual agreement (society).
               | 
               | We, as a society, have agreed to grant each other
               | exclusive rights to what we've earned. Of course that
               | hasn't always been the case throughout history. Don't
               | bring the cosmos into it, it happens through mutual
               | consent, because we choose to.
               | 
               | Your rights are man-made, don't take them for granted.
               | They only exist so long as everyone agrees they do.
        
               | flippinburgers wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | dismantlethesun wrote:
               | I'm not sure why the idea of perpetuating inequality
               | "doesn't make sense". For most of human history that's
               | literally what civilization has been about: building on
               | the efforts of your ancestors to be better than your
               | neighbors, other tribes, and eventually other empire who
               | would rather see you fail.
               | 
               | Note I am not arguing that inequality is an unvarnished
               | good or that history isn't filled with violence and sin.
               | However, that's a far cry from saying simply that
               | "birthright" doesn't make sense at least when talking
               | about purely physical items to be inherited.
        
               | kaibee wrote:
               | > However, that's a far cry from saying simply that
               | "birthright" doesn't make sense at least when talking
               | about purely physical items to be inherited.
               | 
               | Land in particular is a special case because more cannot
               | be created (without absolutely massive capital projects
               | and those require some special thinking, but they are
               | outliers).
               | 
               | https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/your-book-review-
               | progr...
               | 
               | https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/does-georgism-work-
               | is-...
        
               | dismantlethesun wrote:
               | I will agree that land is a special case, but that's why
               | we tax it continually.
               | 
               | I think society needs property tax to perform well, or
               | else people will horde control of land under the mistaken
               | belief that they can sell or rent it for high prices. You
               | need tax to bring people back to reality and force them
               | to use it productively in the present.
        
               | senthil_rajasek wrote:
               | In the context of one society where some forms of wealth
               | is claimed as "birthright" and thus perpetuating
               | inequality is what does not make sense to me... meaning
               | it is not fair.
        
             | sethd wrote:
             | Are you saying it's unfair to inherit something?
        
               | ehnto wrote:
               | It's obviously a nuanced discussion, but it's certainly a
               | personal windfall to inherit land. It's hard to call it
               | unfair, that's just life, but comparing one person who
               | inherited land to someone who did not, it's clear who has
               | the luckiest version of that scenario.
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | As long as there is sufficiently high property taxes that
               | owners of land are forced to put it to societally useful
               | purpose in order to pay the tax, I don't see an issue
               | with land inheritances. I don't agree with "deemed
               | disposition" tax rules that act as if the land was "sold"
               | to the inheritor, triggering massive capital gains taxes.
        
               | j-krieger wrote:
               | It's unfair to keep large amounts of generational wealth
               | untaxed in the family while hard working people are
               | taxed.
        
               | cf141q5325 wrote:
               | Parents payed taxes when they acquired their possessions.
               | I dont see why they should have a double tax burden.
        
               | c22 wrote:
               | Two hard working people are born in poverty. They each
               | work hard and reap the rewards of their success. They
               | both pay income tax on their gains. One of the people
               | spends their lifetime of accrued wealth on themselves,
               | buying a nice car, a huge house, and luxury goods they
               | don't really need. The other person is concerned about
               | the future of their only child and lives well below their
               | means, when they die they will their estate to their
               | child who immediately stops working and never works
               | again. Is that fair?
               | 
               | Now consider a third person who also cares for their
               | child. This person also lives frugally but instead of
               | saving their wealth every year they buy their kid fancy
               | cars and luxury goods. They die penniless but their kid
               | never had to work a day in their life. Is that fair?
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | It confuses work ethic with fairness. It works because we
               | incorrectly associate good work ethic with positive
               | outcomes. This is a particular to our current time and
               | place in society and we should be very cautious when
               | attempting to universalize it.
               | 
               | It would be good to reframe it with consequentialism in
               | mind to reveal the unspoken truths of the examples.
        
               | saghm wrote:
               | > Two hard working people are born in poverty. They each
               | work hard and reap the rewards of their success. They
               | both pay income tax on their gains. One of the people
               | spends their lifetime of accrued wealth on themselves,
               | buying a nice car, a huge house, and luxury goods they
               | don't really need. The other person is concerned about
               | the future of their only child and lives well below their
               | means, when they die they will their estate to their
               | child who immediately stops working and never works
               | again. Is that fair?
               | 
               | Ten generations later, the descendants of the first
               | person have all been able to expand their wealth purely
               | due to the wealth that their ancestor had. None of them
               | have had to work hard for generations, but they all
               | vigorously defend their right to give their wealth to
               | their kids without taxes so that they also don't have to
               | work hard. Meanwhile, the descendants of the second
               | person are unable to acquire wealth due to the advantage
               | that people like the first person have in controlling
               | capital, and they all work menial jobs for people like
               | the first person. Is that fair?
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | No, it isn't fair but that can be avoided by adding
               | friction to wealth via an annual wealth tax, and then
               | only applying it on the largest (100m+) fortunes. I don't
               | think anyone thinks someone who works hard and saves
               | shouldn't be able to pass on a few million, or even tens
               | of millions, to their descendant. But what you refer to
               | is equally true - no one but the beneficiaries agree that
               | someone should be born into monstrous wealth and be able
               | to sustain generation after generation on the basis only
               | of winning the ovarian lottery.
               | 
               | I, personally, would have a tax of 100% on all wealth
               | over $100m.
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | It would take an extraordinary amount of discipline to
               | maintain that wealth ten generations down the line. "Rags
               | to rags in three generations" is a saying for a reason.
        
               | c22 wrote:
               | I limited my hypotheticals to a single generation because
               | I was interested in learning specifically what it is
               | about _inheritence_ that people find unfair.
               | 
               | Your response would seem to posit a different set of
               | questions, namely _should capital be used to make
               | decisions for society_ and _does a concentration of
               | capital force those without to work a lifetime of menial
               | jobs?_
               | 
               | I'm less interested in addressing these questions since
               | I've heard a lot about them before and I think it will
               | take us on a further tangent from the original
               | discussion. But I will just say that I see no difference
               | between a first generation person who doesn't work and a
               | tenth generation person who doesn't work beyond perhaps
               | an abstract greater disconnection from the rest of
               | society and the concept of hard working. And that for
               | capital to have influence over society it must be
               | deployed which carries with it the risk of losing said
               | capital.
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | I think the answer is to treat capital gains and
               | dividends the same as ordinary employment income and
               | subject to the same tax rates. Perhaps introduce a sub-1%
               | wealth tax per annum on very large fortunes (100m+) to
               | add friction that the wealthy have to work to counteract.
        
               | bushbaba wrote:
               | *and to treat loans against capital assets as taxable
               | income. Otherwise we'll keep seeing the wealthy avoid
               | taxation by loaning against their assets. So long as
               | rates stay relatively low.
        
               | TechBro8615 wrote:
               | Maybe stop taxing any of it...
        
               | someguydave wrote:
               | maybe the government should tax consumption instead of
               | work or investment?
        
               | c22 wrote:
               | Most governments seem to tax all of these things.
        
               | monero-xmr wrote:
               | My situation is unique, and when I inherit it's moral and
               | just - my parents worked so hard, we earned this, it's
               | unfair to have so much tax.
               | 
               | When others inherit, society needs to take their wealth
               | and redistribute it. Their situation is not like mine.
               | These millionaires and billionaires got lucky and their
               | kids don't deserve to be rich for no reason.
        
               | mypalmike wrote:
               | Hard to tell if this is sarcasm.
        
               | Sholmesy wrote:
               | Is it hard?
        
               | praxulus wrote:
               | Of course it's unfair. It's the definition of unequal
               | opportunity.
               | 
               | That doesn't necessarily mean it's immoral or should be
               | illegal, but how could you argue that it's fair that some
               | people get free money while others don't by the luck of
               | their birth?
        
               | thepasswordis wrote:
               | I work really hard _so that_ I can give things to my
               | children. They're mine to give.
        
               | praxulus wrote:
               | So did my parents. I'm going to be a father any day now,
               | and you can be sure I'll do the same.
               | 
               | I don't see how it's "fair" that I was born to
               | hardworking, financially responsible parents, while most
               | others were less lucky though.
        
               | c22 wrote:
               | The same way it's fair when two people each buy a raffle
               | ticket and one of them wins while the other doesn't?
        
               | wasmitnetzen wrote:
               | That's not the same. Everyone can buy a raffle ticket,
               | you can't randomly re-select your parents.
        
               | pmontra wrote:
               | Actually nobody selected their own parents or when and
               | where they were born. That's a random selection that
               | cannot be undone.
        
               | c22 wrote:
               | I don't get it, everyone can be born. Are you saying that
               | it's the possibility of iteration that makes it fair? So
               | if the raffle enforced one ticket per person it is no
               | longer fair?
        
               | djitz wrote:
               | Hey, I didn't catch word about the raffle until it ended
               | and that's not fair
        
               | meibo wrote:
               | That's still your fault, you could have read the
               | newspaper in time to look for raffles.
        
               | djitz wrote:
               | My parents didn't teach me to read. You have an unfair
               | advantage.
        
               | chordalkeyboard wrote:
               | while literacy is an advantage, its hardly unfair.
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | > Making a success of a commercial farm requires deep knowledge
         | of the crop, the land, the weather and the local pests.
         | 
         | ...plus logistics, storage, insurance, finances, repair,
         | markets, etc, etc. I would be interested in working with a
         | farmer through some time of my life just to learn such a wide
         | variety of tasks!
        
           | javajosh wrote:
           | You make it sound like farming is just as hard as a regular
           | job, plus a great deal of manual labor, plus the constant
           | risk of total crop failure because of weather etc.
        
             | ticviking wrote:
             | Those forces are a non-trivial part of what is driving the
             | consolidation of land-ownership to commercial mega-farms.
        
         | redtexture wrote:
         | Would placing the land in a trust, or family corporation avoid
         | inheritance tax issues?
        
           | beAbU wrote:
           | I'm not too well versed with all the different legal options,
           | but I don't think I want to go into a trust (i.e. business)
           | with my brother. Somewhere someone will be left holding the
           | bag and that's how you destroy familial relationships. In the
           | end, we are gonna sit with a piece of land, that neither of
           | us know what to do with, that's gonna create more stress than
           | it's worth.
        
         | etempleton wrote:
         | This is good advice. Farming yourself will be an uphill battle.
         | You will learn, but it will take some time and it helps if you
         | have someone to guide you because so much of it is experience
         | based. You can probably lease the land to a local farmer to
         | farm it for you. You could maybe even convince them to take you
         | on as a farm hand and teach you how to do it as part of the
         | deal.
         | 
         | As said, there is a lot that goes into farming these days and
         | almost everyone specializes in a crop or two. The folks that do
         | it the old fashion ways without adapting are usually going
         | under because their yields are poor / inconsistent. This will
         | likely be you if you go at it alone, so unless you are okay
         | with eating some losses then I would get help.
        
       | germinalphrase wrote:
       | Might be worth reaching out to a company like Equal Exchange.
       | They may be able to connect you with educational resources.
       | 
       | https://shop.equalexchange.coop/
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Will take a look into it, thanks for the link.
        
       | monkeydust wrote:
       | Hacker News Coffee Blend. Got a ring to it. Sure a few of us in
       | here will buy a bag or 10 if you manage to get this going. Hire
       | someone, setup a blog so we can follow pls and good luck!
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | This is "diamond" idea, I will do and will credit you for it.
        
       | madman2890 wrote:
       | Where is the farm at? I own one in Manizales, Colombia. We have
       | around 25,000 trees.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | It's on the east coast of Madagascar, can we chat? I'd be
         | really interested in your experience if you are willing to
         | share of course.
        
         | sbuccini wrote:
         | Can I come visit? I would love to hear what running a coffee
         | plantation is like, especially in Colombia.
        
       | joecool1029 wrote:
       | https://www.amazon.com/Coffee-Growing-Processing-Sustainable...
       | I've heard this book recommended a few times when this was
       | brought up.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Thanks for the link.
        
       | NotYourLawyer wrote:
       | Who's currently running the plantation? You need to hire someone
       | who knows farming if you don't already have such a person.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | The people my dad hired are taking care of it for now. It takes
         | 3 to 4 years to get the first real harvest. I still have time
         | before thinking of how to harvest and sell. For now I just want
         | to keep the trees alive for that duration.
        
           | NotYourLawyer wrote:
           | Sure, I'm not even mostly talking about the harvest. I'm
           | talking about doing everything that needs to be done to keep
           | the trees alive and the place operating.
        
       | pryelluw wrote:
       | Is selling the coffee the only business model you can execute?
       | 
       | How about events hosting? Weddings, parties, trainings, etc.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Maybe later, for now it's a barebone farm and not much else.
        
       | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
       | If your spanish is decent, just go to any country in south
       | america and find a farmer/owner. Farms aplenty out of every major
       | metro about 1-2 hours from the metro, in every direction. A quick
       | google will help you find the regions in every country where
       | coffee is grown, or maybe even google maps.
       | 
       | They will gladly talk to you for hours and show you the ropes. If
       | they like you they will give you carte blanche to come in to the
       | property unannounced and speak to their employees, anytime.
       | 
       | Because in the end, its possible you buy their plants or seeds,
       | and many farmers make money from that too.
        
       | anenefan wrote:
       | Welcome to farming, it's a continuous learning curve and like
       | everything, be mindful of those who sell snake oil.
       | 
       | The next few years should see coffee prices increase due to the
       | losses this year in South America due to the prolonged /
       | unexpected frosts.
       | 
       | All I could find for a starting point. This might not be totally
       | applicable to your region, but I'd suggest you seek out coffee
       | growers association in your area for further advice. Best of
       | luck.
       | 
       | https://agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/1...
       | 
       | https://www.agrifarming.in/coffee-growing-information-beginn...
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | > be mindful of those who sell snake oil.
         | 
         | That is why I want to learn, scammers are everywhere. Thanks
         | for the links.
        
       | anonu wrote:
       | Lots of people saying "sell it" vs "keep it". But OP was only
       | looking for advice on farming. Not financial advice.
       | 
       | My guess is there are coffee farms nearby. If so, lean on a local
       | experts advice.
        
       | florakel wrote:
       | You could simply do nothing with it and let nature take back the
       | land. Natural restoration.
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | Well I would find someone with knowledge, maybe on the old side,
       | and hire them, and if good pay them well. They can then teach
       | you.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Planned, but it's looking to be hard.
        
       | OJFord wrote:
       | I don't know anything about it, but I'd suggest the first
       | question (to yourself) should be do you _want_ to learn /do, or
       | do you just want to own it and have it be productive/successful?
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | I want it to be successful, but for that it needs to be handled
         | well. I'm from a poor country and people that can do that are
         | rare and are probably running their own business. If I can hire
         | someone, of course I would happily hand it over, but in the
         | mean time I still need to learn enough to oversee how things
         | go.
        
         | forinti wrote:
         | This is very important. I've witnessed friends inherit land and
         | businesses they had little interest in and they tried holding
         | on to it just because it was "in the family".
         | 
         | If it's not your thing, just sell it and carry on with your
         | life.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | I didn't even mean sell it, just pay someone to manage it, or
           | sell a lease on it.
        
       | kamphey wrote:
       | There are roasting certificatations you can get. It might help
       | knowing the work that is downstream of your coffee beans.
       | 
       | If you have the cash and time, I recommend visiting roasters and
       | other coffee farms. I took a 2 day roasting class on a coffee
       | farm in Bali. Learned a TON in very little time.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Thanks, I will take look into it.
        
       | ckastner wrote:
       | Hire a professional to do it for you.
       | 
       | There's coffee as a hobby, and coffee as a professional business.
       | 8000 trees is the latter.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | I agree. Running a small cafe would be daunting to me; a
         | roastery even more so; a freaking coffee farm is something
         | else!
        
           | tsingy wrote:
           | Well, in my wildest dream I would do all of this, control the
           | production from start to finish. The coffee shop culture is
           | not really a thing yet in my country, I always wanted to
           | start one. I miss it from when I lived in France where you
           | had coffee shop everywhere.
        
             | roflyear wrote:
             | What county?
        
               | tsingy wrote:
               | Madagascar.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Planning to do that if I find someone competent enough. But
         | that is hard when living a top 10 from the bottom poor country.
         | Also, I still need to learn enough so I can still oversee how
         | things go.
        
           | wara23arish wrote:
           | I come from one of those countries as well, if you work as a
           | software dev or have a good amount of income, this is great.
           | 
           | I would assume labor is cheap where you're from, the problem
           | might be with selling your product locally.
        
             | tsingy wrote:
             | I'm on a sabbatical year, learning how to code. I used to
             | live and work in France so yeah, I have money to invest if
             | needed because labor is cheap. Selling locally won't bring
             | in much profit. That's why I want to specialize in
             | specialty coffee, better margin and easier to export. I'm
             | looking at producing rice also, this time for local
             | consumption.
        
           | gigatexal wrote:
           | Well find someone you trust and have them manage it. Give
           | them some equity in the enterprise so your incentives are
           | aligned then ask them to teach you the business of farming
           | coffee.
           | 
           | Wanting to learn the business so you can micro-manage your
           | manager sounds like a recipe for disaster.
           | 
           | That or sell it to a big coffee producer and go about your
           | life doing things you're good at.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ckastner wrote:
           | I understand your dilemma, but I don't see a way around
           | hiring a professional.
           | 
           | Think of one of the simpler tasks. Say you need to fertilize
           | the trees. When is the right time? What is the right amount?
           | How many people do you need to fertilize 8000 trees in time?
           | How do you finance that, including purchasing the fertilizer?
           | Are you even allowed to purchase that much fertilizer (it's
           | been often abused to make car bombs)?
           | 
           | No idea whether fertilizing is even a thing with coffee, but
           | other tasks won't be much simpler.
           | 
           | If you can't hire one, is taking on a temporary partner (for
           | a cut off the profit) an option?
        
             | tsingy wrote:
             | As you said it's a huge dilemma. I will keep it as green as
             | possible, even if it cuts production by a big percentage.
             | I'd rather have it fail that be not environmentally
             | friendly. My life does not depend on it, I can afford to
             | fail and that is why I want to try. I can hire people,
             | labors are cheap where I live so that won't be a problem. A
             | partner is fine if competent enough I guess. For now the
             | goal is to break even, If I can achieve that it will be win
             | already.
        
               | workbytaylor wrote:
               | World coffee research may be a good place for you to
               | learn about coffee farming in the 21st century. Another
               | commenter mentioned you won't be able to farm the old
               | ways, and WCR could support you going forward.
               | 
               | At the very least they could point you in the right
               | direction to get started, and maybe even know someone you
               | could hire.
               | 
               | https://worldcoffeeresearch.org/
        
               | tsingy wrote:
               | I will contact them, thanks for the link.
        
               | Jiro wrote:
               | >I will keep it as green as possible, even if it cuts
               | production by a big percentage. I'd rather have it fail
               | that be not environmentally friendly. My life does not
               | depend on it, I can afford to fail and that is why I want
               | to try.
               | 
               | I'm skeptical that you're in a position where you can
               | afford to fail, short of edge cases like "I just let the
               | land lie fallow and pump no money whatsoever into it" or
               | "I am a multi-millionaire already without the
               | plantation".
        
               | tsingy wrote:
               | My life does not depend on it, so if it fails, I will
               | lose money for sure but that's fine, won't be the first
               | nor the last time. Labor is cheap and I want to try.
        
             | Fiahil wrote:
             | > Say you need to fertilize the trees. When is the right
             | time? What is the right amount? How many people do you need
             | to fertilize 8000 trees in time?
             | 
             | You experiment. It takes a lot of time, yes, but it's not
             | that difficult.
             | 
             | I find your answer and many other here overly pessimistic
             | and unkind. Not every thing is about hustling a business to
             | perfection and on the first try.
        
               | ckastner wrote:
               | > _You experiment. It takes a lot of time, yes, but it's
               | not that difficult._
               | 
               | A failed experiment might cost you 8000 trees. It takes a
               | _massive_ amount of time, and money, to re-launch an
               | experiment of this scale. And every re-launch, you
               | restart the 3-4 year clock until trees are mature enough
               | to harvest.
               | 
               | When you quoted me, you left out the part about how to
               | finance all of this.
               | 
               | > _Not every thing is about hustling a business to
               | perfection and on the first try._
               | 
               | With an 8000 tree farm, that point is you very very
               | likely have only one try.
        
       | dehrmann wrote:
       | Farming is hard, and margins are low. Coffee is also labor-
       | intensive.
       | 
       | What I'd do is find a local farmer in the area and lease it to
       | them. You can probably set up something where they pay you
       | something like 25% of the crop for rent.
        
       | asdfghjkjhg wrote:
       | I played hundreds of hours of farm simulator.
       | 
       | just spend 2mi on machinery and you should be good to go.
        
       | patrickdavey wrote:
       | How do you end up in a situation where your dad, knowing nothing
       | about coffee plantations, ends up buying one and then leaving it
       | to you?
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | My dad likes to try random stuff out of nowhere, has been
         | living like that for ever. It's no surprise to me anymore. But
         | sometimes he realises he does not have enough time to take care
         | off them, the projects is abandoned or given to any of his
         | children.
        
           | BatteryMountain wrote:
           | My father was the same. Bought a 1000 hectare farm and he was
           | NOT a farmer. Hard lessons learned, I learned some of it as a
           | kid. The most important one for me was, don't try to farm if
           | your father/grandfather wasn't a farmer or lived that life.
           | Farming requires a transfer of knowledge/wisdom unless ultra
           | commercialized and brute-forced with cash.
        
             | tsingy wrote:
             | I will hire a farmer for sure. But I still want to learn
             | enough to oversee things.
        
               | aliqot wrote:
               | Look for some local Amish, we'll help anyone.
        
               | tsingy wrote:
               | There are no amish in my country unfortunatly.
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | > My dad likes to try random stuff out of nowhere
           | 
           | You are literally doing the same thing by not completely
           | letting a farm manager take over, or selling it...
        
       | pseudostem wrote:
       | Farming experience since 2014-15. My advice would be to
       | immediately contact a coffee contract farming company in your
       | area. Work out the minutest details in terms of work and costs,
       | something similar to WBS in project management.
       | 
       | Next sign a 3-5 year contract with the contract farming company
       | (WBS was to make sure you're not getting a raw deal). Get them to
       | provide you technical help. The way this works is, they recommend
       | and you execute.
       | 
       | All the best!
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | > My advice would be to immediately contact a coffee contract
         | farming company in your area
         | 
         | There aren't any thanks to a bottom tier poor country.
        
       | zzzeek wrote:
       | Familiarize with Fair Trade practices
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_trade_coffee), get in contact
       | with other bean growers, like Equal Exchange as someone else
       | mentioned. Consider operating as a co-op where the workers are
       | actually owners too. I get the sense this industry is pretty
       | fraught with worker abuse problems regardless but at least try to
       | be on the right side of things.
        
       | hardwaregeek wrote:
       | Where is it located? Is it a region that has experience growing
       | coffee? Because perhaps you can link up with a coffee distributor
       | or a fellow farmer and get their advice. Also to be clear unless
       | the coffee is in a warm high grown area, or on an island, it may
       | not be worth a lot.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | It's on the east coast of Madagascar. Yes, but mainly bulk
         | exportation of Robusta for instant coffee. I want to shift
         | production of speciality coffee as there is higher margin
         | there, mainly Bourbon and Arabica Elita.
        
           | stateofinquiry wrote:
           | I am a long-time reader, but compelled to create account for
           | a little (relevant) self promotion. Since you are interested
           | in high value coffee, you might find our app, BestBeans,
           | helpful: https://smartyields.com/best-beans/ . Does not
           | replace local knowledge, as mentioned by others, but is
           | helpful for record-keeping, monitoring, and decision support.
           | We are still adding features, stay tuned.
        
       | dusted wrote:
       | disclaimer: no farming experience
       | 
       | If I got that, I'd look into either sell it flat-out, or try and
       | run it as a company..
       | 
       | disclaimer 2: only had one company, was not terribly profitable
       | 
       | I'd try to hire someone in to run it for me
        
       | muzani wrote:
       | This is similar to the plot of the game Hundred Days. It's wine,
       | instead of coffee, but I guess you can pull some inspiration from
       | that.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | I'll check that out, thanks.
        
       | denton-scratch wrote:
       | You've had advice to hire a farm manager; and research roasting.
       | 
       | Nobody so far has mentioned the processing. Roasting is for
       | roasteries; that's not really the farmer's business. But in most
       | coffee-growing areas, the farmers organize into collectives, with
       | shared processing facilities. A lot of the distinctive characters
       | of coffees are the result of the way the cherries are processed.
       | Since the collective's output is all mixed together, it's not
       | single-estate; I assume that sales are handled by the collective,
       | not by individual farmers.
       | 
       | Maybe there isn't a processing collective in your area; perhaps
       | you could launch a processing facility, and encourage your
       | neighbours to have a go.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Interestingly, there isn't one in my area. Most of the coffee
         | is exported unroasted here, and the local consumers roast
         | theirs themselves.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | By "processing", I specifically meant to exclude roasting. As
           | far as I'm aware, coffee beans are generally roasted in the
           | country where they're consumed. Roasted beans don't stay
           | fresh as long as green beans. I meant the processing that
           | converts cherries into dry green beans.
           | 
           | That processing always occurs near the place it was grown;
           | cherries don't keep. The pulp has to be removed. That can be
           | entirely mechanical, or it can be by fermenting. There are
           | different ways of doing the fermenting. Then someone has to
           | pick over the beans, to sort them for quality.
           | 
           | This is just what I've read; I'm no expert, I'm just an
           | interested consumer. And @tsingy, I imagine you've read a lot
           | more than I have; but you seem to have misunderstood my
           | comment.
        
             | tsingy wrote:
             | My bad, yes I misunderstood. There are but still in small
             | scale and artisanal. And even the people we hired now can
             | do it, but we have time until the first harvest though (3
             | to 4 years).
        
       | ckvjdonee wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | JulianRaphael wrote:
       | Second the book recommendation below and can highlight one thing
       | about having spent time on plantations myself: do NOT cut the
       | trees. There will be folks who will tell you that by cutting the
       | trees you will get more sunlight and hence more coffee
       | production. I've seen first hand how hundreds of farmers (mainly
       | in India) cut all the trees on their coffee plantation and a few
       | years later lost most of their land due to water issues and
       | landslides. Depending on where in the world you are, you also
       | want to understand what companion plants (could be macadamia nut
       | trees, banana plants, etc.) are best suited for your coffee
       | plants.
       | 
       | I would not try to compete with low-quality bean production. Not
       | sure how much land you have but you most likely don't have the
       | resources to compete at scale. There is, however, a massive
       | specialty coffee market and people are willing to pay good money
       | for good coffee. So besides my recommendations above, try to find
       | some specialty coffee producers in your region and learn from
       | them.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Thanks for the advice. It was my plan already, targeting people
         | with more buying power is always better for businesses if you
         | can't scale.
        
       | BatteryMountain wrote:
       | Farming is a hard and unforgiving activity. Most guys who have a
       | dream to become farmers fail miserably since it requires a ton of
       | grit, know-how, problem-solving and luck. With the help of
       | science (measuring soil, pests, weather and so on) and capital
       | input to buy tools (hand tools, sprays/pesticides (if really
       | needed), farmhands, vehicles, watering systems, monitoring
       | systems and so on), you might succeed.
       | 
       | If you are willing to be honest with yourself, you might find
       | that being a farmer is not for you and it might be better to
       | sell. You can also run it purely as a business, aka being a kind
       | of farm manager and not be too close to the ground but employ
       | good people that knows the plants/cultivars and the local
       | environment (weather, soil, pests), listen to your people, treat
       | them well, treat your new neighbours extremely well, as they will
       | assist with a ton of knowledge and sometime physical help. Most
       | importantly, honour the land & the plants; take good care of them
       | and your environment and everything might fall into place a bit
       | easier.
       | 
       | This is tough thing to be given/gifted, to be honest. Please
       | prepare for the worst, emotionally and physically. It might also
       | be the most rewarding and freeing thing you can do with your life
       | and/or become.
       | 
       | Do not discount alternative income streams: if there are more
       | land available, plant some other low maintenance crops or small
       | stocks like chickens and so on for cash flow. If there is a
       | river/stream, forest, small mountains etc, it can be worthwhile
       | to build a handful of cabins or a camping terrain (but small, you
       | want to stay niche, have good ablution blocks, skip electricity,
       | just supply clean water) and so on. Multiple income streams can
       | do wonders for farms. All depends how much money you have upfront
       | to invest into the property. Luckily, you already have the 8K
       | trees.
       | 
       | Good luck mate, hope that the journey ahead works out!
        
         | javajosh wrote:
         | Good on you for trying to grow food, and seeing how hard it is!
         | Over time I've grown more and more fond of people just _doing
         | hard things_ , not necessarily new things, admiring the
         | willingness to "wade through reality" to see what it's really
         | like. With gardening and food growing, I think the public view
         | is very wrong - that its easy grunt work that anyone could
         | learn in an afternoon. The same belief is held about most
         | skills, like plumbing, carpentry, or electrical repair. Once
         | you start executing a project, you get to learn how wrong you
         | were. Which, I think, is fascinating and fun!
        
         | flippinburgers wrote:
         | Speaking from experience?
        
         | genocidicbunny wrote:
         | Anecdotally, I spent the last two years trying to grow various
         | stuff in planters on my balcony. I invested quite a bit of time
         | and effort into it, including good soil, fertilizers,
         | monitoring..etc. I kinda figured that while I might not get
         | amazing yields, I have done as much as I could to at least get
         | decent yields.
         | 
         | Reality had a lot to say to the contrary. Between the various
         | pests, weather and nutrient problems, I ended up with
         | relatively unproductive gardens both years (Except the peppers,
         | for some reason those ended up being both very productive and
         | very spicy.)
         | 
         | All of this is to say that your comments on farming are pretty
         | spot on. Growing stuff is hard. Growing stuff so that you make
         | some profit to sustain yourself is even harder.
        
           | nkozyra wrote:
           | Peppers are some of the most resilient plants on earth as
           | long as the temperature is right.
           | 
           | They can survive and produce with too much/too little water,
           | don't have _tons_ of pests (although hornworms will strip the
           | leaves if you don't remove them fast enough) and are tolerant
           | to a lot of soil conditions.
        
           | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
           | > including good soil, fertilizers, monitoring.. etc.
           | 
           | Similarly, I could afford some pots, hand-picked hot pepper
           | seedlings and "Chilli Focus Premium Fertiliser", and to
           | inspect them daily.
           | 
           | And on a good year I had a great crop, some is still in the
           | freezer. On a bad year, the weather waterlogs them and pests
           | finish them off.
           | 
           | But none of this scales to 8K plants. None of this was
           | intended to show a net profit.
        
           | kybernetyk wrote:
           | >very spicy
           | 
           | means the plants had a lot of stress :)
        
           | Gordonjcp wrote:
           | > (Except the peppers, for some reason those ended up being
           | both very productive and very spicy.)
           | 
           | Sounds like you need to look at your soil. What else did you
           | try to grow?
           | 
           | Incidentally, this is one of the reasons why "just stop
           | growing fodder crops for livestock and grow things humans can
           | eat!" doesn't exactly work.
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | Tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbages, various herbs, peas, green
             | beans..etc.
             | 
             | It's not that these were unproductive, I got a good amount
             | of vegetables and herbs from my garden, but it would have
             | been much cheaper to hit up the farmers market to get the
             | same amount of stuff. My anecdote was more speaking to the
             | capriciousness of farming/gardening. Time and effort make
             | no guarantee of the result.
        
               | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
               | > Time and effort make no guarantee of the result.
               | 
               | True enough! Growing things successfully is all about
               | education. Actually growing what you grew might have been
               | next to free with the right know-how (composting and
               | natural alterations for good soil, harvesting seeds from
               | organic foods, natural pest control, etc). But of course
               | you don't know that until you get years worth of
               | education!
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | > it would have been much cheaper to hit up the farmers
               | market to get the same amount of stuff
               | 
               | It seems to me generally true in the modern world that
               | it's cheaper to buy mass-produced goods than to make
               | things yourselves. There are exceptions, but they're
               | increasingly rare.
        
               | genocidicbunny wrote:
               | I mentioned the farmers market purposefully. The ones I
               | visit tend to not be mass-produced stuff, but even with
               | the commensurate price increase that carries, it's still
               | cheaper than anything I've grown myself.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | I'd imagine even a farmer's market is likely to have
               | crops grown on a scale larger than you are growing them,
               | even if that scale is still much smaller than mainstream
               | commercial farms.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | The farmer manager is likely how I will handle it. I have no
         | interest in being a farmer (for now) but still want it as a
         | business that I oversee, hence the need to learn at least a few
         | things about how things work. I'll looking to hire people then.
         | I realise it will be hard and will require a lot from me, but
         | that's why I want to try, the new venture is exciting. Money is
         | not a problem because I live in a third world country, labors
         | and lands are still cheap.
        
           | roflyear wrote:
           | I'm into coffee and understand the processing bit. There is a
           | real market for quality specialty coffee. What varieties are
           | you growing?
        
             | tsingy wrote:
             | It's 60% Robusta 40% Arabica.
        
               | roflyear wrote:
               | Try to also find what specific varieties of Arabica, if
               | you can. That matters a lot for specialty coffee.
               | 
               | There is not a lot of Robusta specialty, and for a
               | reason: it isn't known for being great tasting coffee.
        
               | progre wrote:
               | I actually prefer Robusta but it's getting hard to find
               | since some marketing genious figured out that you could
               | charge a little more with that "100% Arabica" on the bag.
               | 
               | The thing is, for Arabica to be good the roast has to be
               | right and the brew has to be right. Robusta, not as
               | flowery but it can take a lot if abuse and still taste
               | quite good.
        
               | tsingy wrote:
               | Exportation and local consumption tends to mainly prefer
               | Robusta. I prefer Robusta also, way stronger, wakes me
               | better.
        
               | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
               | To most "coffee people"'s palette, Robusta is like burnt
               | shoe leather strained through an old gym sock. Vietnamese
               | drink a lot of it since they grow it there, and it's been
               | successfully marketed in the US by "extreme amounts of
               | caffeine" brands.
               | 
               | > for Arabica to be good the roast has to be right and
               | the brew has to be right
               | 
               | But the OP doesn't have to worry about that, they just
               | need to find a way to market their beans to a specialty
               | roaster. Small batch single origin Arabica can make a
               | tidy little profit.
        
               | tsingy wrote:
               | > But the OP doesn't have to worry about that, they just
               | need to find a way to market their beans to a specialty
               | roaster. Small batch single origin Arabica can make a
               | tidy little profit.
               | 
               | This, I'll probably switch to mainly Arabica as soon as I
               | can (Bourbon and Arabica Elita)
        
               | Vivtek wrote:
               | There are people who prefer robusta. Just .. not many.
        
               | tsingy wrote:
               | On the to do list. But here, not a lot is documented. I
               | will probably have to call a lab when looking for
               | certification in order to have a proper labelling when
               | selling. That would settle it. I'll be more careful if
               | later I have to plant though.
        
       | raincom wrote:
       | One of the problems in the third world is that thugs backed by
       | local politicians can illegally take over your land. Neighbors
       | can start stealing your land meter by meter every year. Even if
       | your relative becomes a guardian of this land, don't expect
       | anything good from such relatives. For instance, people get fake
       | death certificates of the real owner in order to take over
       | others' lands.
       | 
       | 8000 tree coffee plantation could be 4 to 18 acres of land.
       | Unless you visit Madagascar every 6 months, unless you have a
       | trusty hand, better sell it. I don't know the prices in
       | Madagascar, you can get at least $200K for it.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | madaxe_again wrote:
       | Depends on where it is, and what your ambitions are, but you can
       | potentially make an awful lot more from agritourism (think
       | vineyard hotels) than you can from agriculture directly, which is
       | a brutal business in general.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | It's in Madagascar, will take a look into that, thanks. Any
         | links to start with?
        
           | roflyear wrote:
           | Madagascar is not known for its specialty coffee. Might not
           | be a deal killer but the country produces mostly coffee for
           | use by large corps.
        
             | tsingy wrote:
             | It's not known because no one produces enough of it and
             | markets it well. The land and climate are perfect, we have
             | Bourbon and Arabica Elita that is high in demand but
             | production does not follow.
        
       | anonymoose55555 wrote:
       | I inherited a farm as well as a listed manor attached to it. I'm
       | in the process of selling the manor and much of the fields after
       | 10+ years of looking for a buyer. Here's my .02:
       | 
       | 1. You should not feel obliged to continue your father's work.
       | You're a different person and I'm sure your father would prefer
       | you to be happy above the farm staying in the family. If you
       | think selling the land is a better option, do it. If you built
       | your own career, don't sacrifice it for the farm.
       | 
       | 2. Consider leasing it. I'm in the EU so I get subsidies (even if
       | there's nothing there but grass), plus a lease from people who
       | want to actually grow something there.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | 1. Well, agriculture always had my interest. As an example,
         | people in my country eat the most rice per inhabitants in the
         | world, yet we still import rice. We have land and everything to
         | plant rice, just not enough tools or knowledge to scale it. So
         | I want to try, this is an opportunity I can't miss to start
         | with.
         | 
         | 2. I might if I find people who would pay for it with the
         | promise of keeping thing environmentally friendly.
        
           | anonymoose55555 wrote:
           | Perhaps you could require an organic farmic certificate or
           | something, rather than a promise. At a vary least such
           | certificate should in theory prohibit from using anything
           | harmful to the environment. I got one, but mainly for higher
           | subsidies.
        
       | timst4 wrote:
       | I used to work on a coffee plantation of about 1000 trees in
       | Kona. The owners ran a very lean operation. Coffee doesn't
       | require much maintenance outside of picking season. They had one
       | farm manager and a handful of WWOOFers (work trade volunteers) to
       | help with keep up with farm work and mowing. During picking
       | season they would hire pickers from Ecuador and the Philippines
       | to come pick the cherries. There was a co-op that weighed and
       | processed the raw cherries on the island. The co-op also handled
       | warehousing. They would sell raw beans to a bigger fish for
       | roasting and shipping. Three employees total and they did quite
       | well. Kona is out of the ordinary though. It is well regarded and
       | fetches a decent price wholesale.
        
         | roflyear wrote:
         | Price is a huge thing. With that many trees they must have been
         | doing only 2klbs of coffee a year on the high end (green). I
         | don't see how they could have been doing "quite well" as green
         | Kona beans sell for like $40-60/lb (a lot considering most
         | green coffee is like $8 or so a pound).
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | In farming it seems that co-ops generally offer a little
           | better price to the farmer than the usual list of suspects.
           | Especially if your buyer is far enough away that it begins to
           | affect the quality of your yield.
        
       | boplicity wrote:
       | Lease it to someone who knows what they're doing, is able to make
       | a living as a farmer, and wants to take care of the land, as
       | opposed to trash it. You're in a much better position to be a
       | good landlord than you are to be a good farmer.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Would be easier for me to learn how to be a farmer than finding
         | someone to lease it. People are poor here and those that can
         | pay will certainly already have their business running
         | somewhere, need to be convinced to take it.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Make sure it is used in full capacity! If you don't, even more
       | forests will certainly be cut down to satisfy growing coffee
       | demand in e.g. Asia.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | I know someone a few years ago was trying to start a trade in
       | coffee leaves, to help better annualize income from coffee
       | plantations. Apparently you can use them like tea leaves.
       | 
       | Haven't heard much about that since. Anyone know what I'm talking
       | about?
        
       | jccooper wrote:
       | I don't know anything about your land or crop, but farming tends
       | to be a regional activity so you probably have neighbors in the
       | same business who know at least how the job is usually done. You
       | need knowledge from them. How that shapes up, I dunno. Maybe you
       | want to hire one of them to run your operations; maybe you want
       | to lease it and watch what they do; maybe you want to work for
       | them for a year or two to learn; maybe they'll just tell you what
       | to do each month if you just stop by and chat.
       | 
       | I stand to inherit a farm (of a very different sort: dry plains,
       | mostly growing wheat) and I plan to do the same thing my father
       | does now: lease it to a local.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | markdown wrote:
       | This happened to me.
       | 
       | I couldn't compete with the coffee berry borer and ended up
       | chainsawing them down one by one. Coffee is surprisingly hard
       | wood.
       | 
       | I planted noni instead, but that turned out to be a fad, and
       | those were removed next.
       | 
       | Then I grew taro, and all was well.
        
         | orangepurple wrote:
         | Is wood from coffee trees worth anything? Such as for building
         | furniture.
        
           | markdown wrote:
           | I don't believe so. There isn't enough wood in them. Some
           | cultivars can grow to be small trees, but are usually pruned
           | and kept as little bushes.
        
       | Yahivin wrote:
       | Be sure to give people their favorite gift on their birthday to
       | increase your relationship quickly.
        
       | humps wrote:
       | Depending on where you are located in the world, find a local
       | artisan coffee roastery and see if you can talk to the owner.
       | It's the fastest way to gain access to face-to-face deep
       | knowledge of the coffee industry because they typically work
       | directly with the farmers. In the process, you may also find
       | someone who is willing to work with you and buy all the beans you
       | produce in 2026 and beyond.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | There aren't any thanks to a bottom teir poor country. Coffee
         | is sold / exported unroasted here. And if there are, they
         | control the whole production line, from plants to exportation.
         | I could learn from small producer, and learn to scale by myself
         | I guess.
        
       | givinguflac wrote:
       | Read "Teaming with Microbes" and other books in the series.
        
       | mch82 wrote:
       | Short-term: hire someone to keep the trees alive.
       | 
       | Longer-term: start reaching out to top agricultural programs for
       | advice. Look for lists like this one & write to faculty:
       | https://agronomag.com/best-schools-for-farmers-in-the-us/. You'll
       | probably be able to find people with expertise in coffee. I bet
       | there are also conferences or industry associations that will
       | help with networking. There are probably also government programs
       | in your country.
       | 
       | What happens to the coffee today? Is 8000 trees a lot (sounds
       | like it to me)?
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Hiring to keep trees alive for the next 3 years (done).
         | 
         | The second part is where I needed help. Thanks for the link.
         | 
         | Yes that's a lot, around 2.5 tons of roasted beans per year
         | apparently.
        
           | roflyear wrote:
           | It's a lot but green beans only retail in the US for max $8lb
           | a pound. Roasting is another world entirely.
        
       | thesaintlives wrote:
       | There is serious money in roasting and selling good coffee. Think
       | vertically. Supply yourself beans and roast in rich locations!
        
       | humanistbot wrote:
       | Sell it.
        
       | wellthisisgreat wrote:
       | Hey I think the best bet is to reach out to some people in the
       | gourmet coffee bean space who are trustworthy. Like some coffee-
       | roasters who you've been buying from for years who have dealt
       | with farm-to-table approach. With some vetting you can probably
       | get some worthy deal going.
       | 
       | Off the top of my head I can think of a couple of places in New
       | York that I believe are ran by diligent people. I could probably
       | point you to their direction if that's of interest, but I am in
       | no way affiliated nor interested in getting into that kind of
       | business, just would love to see such a resource not go to waste.
        
       | bigmusicshoe wrote:
       | i am sure people have already reached out to you, but my wife and
       | i managed a large plantation, permaculture (more work, better for
       | the environment ((sustainable)))- in Nicaragua (Masaya area). We
       | are looking to relocate from Berlin, and this could be an idea.
       | send me a message to bigmusicshoe@gmail.com
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Permaculture is the goal, but I don't know enough and hiring
         | someone that know enough is also tough. I'm in Madagascar, a
         | bottom tier poor country, has a lot of potential though.
         | 
         | Mail sent.
        
       | chordalkeyboard wrote:
       | you need a farm manager with experience managing operations of
       | this size, in this region, with this crop. good luck finding one
       | who is trustworthy.
       | 
       | aforesaid manager is also a person who would be essential if and
       | when you choose to sell this farm.
        
       | manv1 wrote:
       | Farming is about sales and marketing.
       | 
       | My FIL bought two farms as a hobby, and he essentially has two
       | choices: selling to middlemen for peanuts or going direct-to-
       | consumer. DTC is problematic for obvious reasons - you have to do
       | last-mile delivery and "how do people buy when they don't know
       | what's available."
       | 
       | Middlemen buy low from you so they can sell high from someone
       | else, and have market-making ability.
       | 
       | So before you do anything, try to figure out who you're going to
       | sell these crops to.
        
       | SanjayMehta wrote:
       | A friend of mine had a similar situation. They retained a few
       | acres around their ancestral home and run a homestay during
       | tourist season.
       | 
       | The bulk of the land was leased out to a large coffee company on
       | a multiyear lease.
        
       | isthisthingon99 wrote:
       | Best thing is to profit share with a farmer. When you make money
       | they make money.
        
       | pkphilip wrote:
       | Whereabouts is this? I work with farmers and I may be able to put
       | you onto someone who can help
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | It's on the east cost of Madagascar.
        
           | Birkeholm wrote:
           | Hey, are you from Madagascar yourself? If not, my parents-in-
           | law used to live there and still do business there (export).
           | They might be able to share some general knowledge.
        
       | O__________O wrote:
       | If it was me, I would focus on the business side, not the farming
       | side.
       | 
       | Farming is extremely labor intensive and largely a commodity
       | business. Marketing and branding are largely where profits are
       | made in the beverage business.
       | 
       | As an example of a recent successful high grow beverage company,
       | take a look at Liquid Death, which turned a low budget AD into a
       | billion dollar company within years:
       | 
       | https://youtube.com/watch?v=iXjhNZlqexs
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | That's my plan too, I'm not a farmer. But it still requires me
         | to know how things work on a high level. Thanks for the link.
        
           | O__________O wrote:
           | No, in my opinion you do not need to understand farming.
           | 
           | Liquid Death bought water wholesale from a bottling company.
           | At 8000 trees, that's a business, but barely, and would not
           | support a real growing coffee business. Running building and
           | running business is all about focusing on the right thing at
           | the right time. Realize there's sentimental value to fact
           | trees were planted by your family, but in the end, it's
           | critical you're clear about your goals and situation.
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | I cannot provide advice but I would like to follow along in your
       | journey to learn as you learn. Consider a blog or vlog, I am
       | happy to contribute financially. Best wishes.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Yes I will and will post here again when it's ready and
         | whenever changes happen. Thanks a lot for the advice.
        
       | ingenieros wrote:
       | Is the plantation located somewhere with nice views? If so you
       | might be better off turning it into a bed and breakfast and
       | offering guided/tasting tours. Many local coffee farmers here in
       | Colombia have opted for this option as simply "selling beans" is
       | no longer profitable for them. Best of luck
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Does rainforest with lemurs count as nice view? Anyway, good
         | idea, I will look into it.
        
           | ingenieros wrote:
           | Most definitely! I would totally book a night or two to see
           | that.
        
       | psytrx wrote:
       | Heck, 8k trees is a lot. Definitely find a professional. Growing
       | coffee is exceptionally difficult.
       | 
       | Do you have an idea which crops have been planted? Is the
       | plantation in a favorable location (altitude, weather)?
       | 
       | Depending on both, you should become clear about whether you want
       | to produce commodity coffee or specialty coffee. The latter is
       | more difficult to produce, but also more profitable.
       | 
       | If you're going the specialty route, it may even be fruitful
       | (hah!) to get in contact with content creators. They usually have
       | useful contacts in the industry, and they might be willing to
       | connect you.
       | 
       | In any case, try to get in touch with European roasters, as they
       | usually value traceability and prefer to roast single origin
       | coffees.
       | 
       | Best of luck! And enjoy the journey.
       | 
       | Oh, and if you had your first batch, please drop me a message. I
       | know a few local roasters (Germany) that may be interested in new
       | sources. :-)
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Already looking into hiring.
         | 
         | 60% Robusta 40% Arabica. Really good location, altitude and
         | weather for robusta, and slightly less for arabica.
         | 
         | I'm leaning towards environmental friendly speciality coffee.
         | 
         | I'll take you up on that offer then.
        
       | noduerme wrote:
       | My grandfather took a trip west in 1945 after the war, leaving
       | his wife and kids in Baltimore. He somehow ended up in what's now
       | Rancho Mirage, talking to someone who was selling land. He'd
       | saved up about $10k and sank all of it into a 10-acre grapefruit
       | and date farm, basically a patch of desert with some palm and
       | citrus trees and well water. Took my grandma and dad and aunt out
       | there and they lived in an airstream trailer on the land. Sold
       | the fruit to Dole mostly for juice. Barely made ends meet. When
       | he died in the 90s, the patch sold for over $1m to a hotel
       | conglomerate. So if nothing else... my family has a mantra: Never
       | sell real estate.
       | 
       | For your specific situation, my grandfather had a different
       | saying: _" Find yourself a teacher"_. He claimed this philosophy
       | came from the Talmud, but I can't say. In any event, my
       | grandfather had already gone from being a door-to-door cloth
       | salesman to a cutter to a tailor, and he always found an expert
       | teacher to attach himself to and learn from, and this usually
       | meant someone humbly but seriously devoted to the work at hand.
       | In the case of the ranch, it was a Cahuilla Indian man who had
       | lived nearby, and who taught him how to take care of the trees.
       | My grandfather employed him as a full-time caretaker and kept up
       | his house on the land for the rest of his life.
       | 
       | My advice with anything where you don't have the knowledge to do
       | it yourself would be to find yourself a teacher by searching in
       | the humblest of places for someone with that knowledge, and make
       | them your mentor.
        
         | jimnotgym wrote:
         | > So if nothing else... my family has a mantra: Never sell real
         | estate
         | 
         | "Warren Buffett: $10,000 invested in an index fund when I
         | bought my first stock in 1942 would be worth $51 million today"
         | 
         | Looks like he could have done 51 times better for no work
         | 
         | https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/07/warren-buffett-10000-investe...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | noduerme wrote:
           | True, but if you can imagine someone even more conservative -
           | my grandfather (and father) had a lot of respect for Buffett
           | but considered him to be a reckless gambler.
           | 
           | I once sold 1000 BTC for about $10k, for reasons largely
           | similar to the ones that kept my grandfather from entering
           | the stock market. I think putting $10k into an index fund
           | probably seemed just as insane to most people in 1942 as
           | keeping $10k in Bitcoin seemed to me in 2012.
           | 
           | In addition to having run a casino, I'm a reformed gambling
           | addict (as long as you don't leave me alone in Vegas for too
           | long). Part of overcoming gambling addiction and its
           | manifestations in everyday behaviour is that I don't second-
           | guess decisions I make out of being too conservative or, in
           | other words, feel regret for pocketing my gains and walking
           | away. That way lies ruin. And also, as a gambler, I'm an
           | optimist, so I don't think I missed my one-and-only chance to
           | make 50x my money. There's always another spin right around
           | the corner.
        
         | phonon wrote:
         | >Never sell real estate.
         | 
         | If he would have invested that $10,000 in the S&P 500 and
         | reinvested the dividends, it would have been worth more than $2
         | million by the 90s.
         | 
         | https://dqydj.com/sp-500-return-calculator/
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | I happily hire anyone that is that knowledgeable, but where I
         | live that is rare, and they are probably running their own
         | stuff. I wholly agree with you though, I won't venture into
         | this alone or without a general view of how things work.
        
       | r_hoods_ghost wrote:
       | As you're in Madagascar you might want to get in touch with
       | CRS[1] who have a training program for coffee growers. A relative
       | worked with them on another project in Tana a few years ago and
       | found them good to work with.
       | 
       | [1] https://coffeelands.crs.org/2021/04/agroforestry-and-
       | coffee-...
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Yes I am, nice guess. Thanks a lot, will take a look into it.
        
       | iJohnDoe wrote:
       | If you have the money, hire an expert grower and pay them a
       | salary. Have them manage the plantation and the migrant workers.
       | 
       | That's it. Keep it simple. No partnership. No business deals. A
       | simple employee arrangement.
       | 
       | That's basically step one. However, it will free up your time to
       | find a buyer for the beans when it's time to harvest them and
       | sell them. Rinse and repeat.
        
       | shaggie76 wrote:
       | I noticed your trees are 60% Robusta and wanted to address the
       | suggestions about targeting boutique coffee houses and higher-end
       | customers: I doubt very much Robusta will be sought after.
       | 
       | My understanding is that market for Robusta may be only for
       | instant coffee production or to adulterate Arabica to make
       | cheaper. I've only rarely seen Robusta sold green and there's
       | good reason for that: it's distinctly unpleasant by itself.
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | This is the first thing I will do if I can manage things at an
         | ok level. I'll switch to produce speciality coffee (Bourbon and
         | Arabica Elita), and focus on that. Still if robusta can sold I
         | will still take care of it.
        
         | dranudin wrote:
         | I prefer my espresso if it is at least in part robusta. I think
         | most espresso drinkers feel that way, so there should be at
         | least some demand for it.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | Robusta seems to be favoured for making espresso. I think
         | robusta is not as "unpleasant" as it used to be, say 20 years
         | ago.
        
       | bitxbitxbitcoin wrote:
       | Serious suggestion: sharecrop it with a neighbor.
        
       | appabings wrote:
       | Read The Coffee Exporter's Guide: Third Edition https://www.un-
       | ilibrary.org/content/books/9789213614860 Its free and will give
       | you a good overview of the industry.
       | 
       | If you want to get into farming get Wintgen's Coffee - Growing,
       | Processing, Sustainable Production: A Guidebook for Growers,
       | Processors, Traders and Researchers, 2nd, Revised Edition
       | https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Coffee+Growing%2C+Processing%2C+...
       | (You will get a way cheaper from other sources).
       | 
       | Depending on the country you have different options. You can
       | think about leasing it to other farmers or a cooperative. Talk to
       | a local Specialty Coffee Roastery for a different perspective.
       | 
       | If you are interested in more information I could make a follow
       | up post
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Hey, thanks a lot.
         | 
         | Just dump any information you can, I know nothing about this so
         | any bit of info is good. Leasing is not really an option
         | because finding someone who will lease would be hard, we don't
         | do that here.
        
           | Godel_unicode wrote:
           | Omwani coffee in the UK has recently released a Madagascar
           | origin specialty coffee, and they claim to be trying to work
           | with local producers, it might be worth reaching out to them.
           | You might also want to reach out to other boutique coffee
           | producers, many of them have farmer education programs
           | (counter culture and square mile are the first two that come
           | to mind).
           | 
           | Meta-advice, find people who actually understand the business
           | and get their opinions. This forum is great for CS startups,
           | but it's full of people who think their success in one field
           | means they are experts in everything they've read an article
           | about. Be skeptical.
        
       | Vivtek wrote:
       | Coffee is a weird crop. 8000 trees is probably about 8 or 10
       | acres, and you're not going to be able to work that yourself.
       | 
       | Where you at? Hawaii?
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | In Madagascar, east cost.
        
       | jjwtieke wrote:
       | Can I come stay and help out? I also know nothing about coffee
       | other than it's delicious. Maybe you could turn it into a bit of
       | a learning experience and document your journey as part of
       | marketing. I'm a writer and can do video production and socials
       | so could help with that.
        
       | mustyoshi wrote:
       | Look into selling the coffee cherry husks after debeaning them.
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | Professional consulting and crop insurance were created for that.
       | 
       | We don't have a minimum context. area?, rain?, acid soil?, market
       | location?, variety? (early/season/late?), potential load of
       | fruit?
       | 
       | Without data, we can't suggest you anything of value
       | 
       | Try the advice of an --independent-- professional consulting.
       | Hear local sellers also but not only locals. Specially if they
       | are local sellers also (Will try to sell you as many useless
       | products as possible).
       | 
       | Remember this: Chemicals are not a magic wand. Is the number one
       | mistake of a newbie. Sometimes are useful, but incorrectly used
       | can do more harm than good. If your plants get ill, first
       | discover the real problem. Your plants are alive beings in the
       | Family Rubiaceae, try to understand their ecological needs and
       | fix those first.
       | 
       | If you are newbie I would suggest to diversify your crops to
       | reduce the possibility of failure. Some years are bad, other
       | good. Do your location allows avocados? zapotes? icecream beans?
       | plant a couple of trees somewhere to exercise your skills where
       | they don't disturb the coffee plants or where they help them (If
       | I remember correctly coffee plants need some light shadow to grow
       | well, check it). Just an example, not need to be followed
       | literally but, in resume, don't put all your eggs in the same
       | basket.
        
       | K0balt wrote:
       | I also own (and live on) a small coffee plantation, and I know a
       | little about it. Feel free to dm me for any questions. I'd be up
       | for a call to chat a bit, maybe I can answer some questions? Glad
       | to share what I have learned.
       | 
       | Basically, you will either sell to the local processors or you
       | will process it yourself. We are gearing up to process ourselves.
       | We have about 10k trees, and we do all organic and no non natural
       | fertilizers or pesticides. This year we are producing about 500
       | lbs of coffee after roasting. I think we can get to maybe 1000
       | lbs ( more with chemical fertilizers).
       | 
       | We will be making a boutique coffee with a story and a negative
       | carbon footprint (we don't do mechanized agriculture, and have
       | solar charged electric vehicles for transport to the nearby,
       | downhill port. and will be shipping on sail-only vessels to the
       | USA)
        
       | kleer001 wrote:
       | How much money and time do you have to burn to get it started?
        
       | zemvpferreira wrote:
       | Sell it. It's going to be a massive drag on your life until
       | you're up to speed (easily a decade) and won't make enough money
       | to be worth it.
       | 
       | If there isn't a massive attachment to the land, that's what I
       | would do. Bona fides: I manage a 7th generation family cork farm
       | that I will one day inherit and promptly sell.
        
       | jimnotgym wrote:
       | One important question, Do you want to do it?
       | 
       | If not then sell or rent it to someone who does. Do what you want
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | Yes I want to do it but not as a farmer, I will hire a farmer.
         | I'm more business inclined and will handle it from a higher
         | level.
        
       | kaapipo wrote:
       | Get rid of it and invest the money
        
       | altairprime wrote:
       | Contact a direct-to-farm coffee distributor like PT's Coffee and
       | ask them if they know anyone who can help you evaluate and manage
       | it or sell it to a co-op. At the very least, they will find it
       | interesting that you thought to ask them :)
        
       | hestefisk wrote:
       | I'd sell it!
        
       | Jun8 wrote:
       | Ok, this may be a dumb answer but bear with me, I'll reiterate an
       | idea that I often proposed to a colleague who has a heirloom land
       | and house in Wisconsin: turn it into a adult farming fantasy
       | retreat!
       | 
       | Two indisputable facts: (1) Most city dwellers like myself dream
       | about a simpler life, working in a farm with their hands, raising
       | up at 5am, harvesting crops, etc. (2) As most people commented
       | farming is back braking work so (1) is just a fantasy for 99.9%
       | of people who think about this.
       | 
       | Why not let people live the farming life, e.g. for 5 days, living
       | on a farm and doing the actual work as well as _paying_ for the
       | experience. I would easily pay $200 a night to live on a coffee
       | plantation during harvesting time to collect and process beans or
       | help operate a combine or milk the cows, etc (am so ignorant
       | about farm life it's hard to give legitimate examples :-)
       | 
       | I don't know if this idea already exists in practice. The
       | colleague I propose it with excitement always gave me a bemused
       | but incredulous look!
        
         | zach_garwood wrote:
         | I think this is a fun idea, but it overlooks the fact that most
         | farming tasks take skill. I think the owner would most likely
         | end up with a trashed farm at the end of the season.
        
           | Jun8 wrote:
           | Absolutely true. I was thinking more along the lines of
           | having people do manual labor that requires minimal training.
        
         | polotics wrote:
         | It doesn't work in practice, because a day of bad work by some
         | non-trained city dweller will most likely do a lot more than
         | 200$ of loss of income, if not straight damage. And then there
         | are the accidents: "was your staff qualified to operate the
         | machine that ate their hand?" ... Best of luck finding
         | insurance for this projecz...
        
           | RosanaAnaDana wrote:
           | This is reactionary logic without perspective.
           | 
           | Plenty of people currently pay fir lifestyle vacations that
           | have a bit of danger.
        
           | shkkmo wrote:
           | The work doesn't have to be unsupervised and doesn't have to
           | be work where mistakes carry large negative risks. Think of
           | it more as an extended tour / homestay with some
           | participatory elements.
           | 
           | We know it is possible to do because WWOOFing has been a
           | thing for a long time. The question is more if there is
           | enough of a market to cover the increased costs and maybe
           | loss of productivity.
        
         | rfb wrote:
         | It does exist in other forms with WWOOFing, farm stays, etc..
         | The problem is that while farm work looks simple, there are
         | important skills that need to be developed before a volunteer
         | or guest can be useful on the farm.
         | 
         | For example, my first WWOOFing gig asked for at least six weeks
         | so that I could become somewhat useful and offset the costs of
         | food and shelter.
        
       | quickthrower2 wrote:
       | Amazing. No idea. If it were me I would hire someone experienced
       | in both the growing, finance and marketing aspects of this. Then
       | it becomes a question of how to pick someone good. You can be
       | their apprentice.
       | 
       | It might be simpler to sell it to someone else though!
        
         | tsingy wrote:
         | My adventurous mind prevents me to sell. I'm might fail but I
         | will definitely try to make something out of it.
        
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