[HN Gopher] I found a secret US Government surveillance program ...
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       I found a secret US Government surveillance program (2019)
        
       Author : fortran77
       Score  : 173 points
       Date   : 2022-12-23 19:10 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (docs.google.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (docs.google.com)
        
       | zelphirkalt wrote:
       | ... and posted a Google docs. Some irony in that.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | Probably one of the many that trusts Google more than shadowy
         | government spy ops. Can't fault 'em.
        
         | yazzku wrote:
         | Next time just post it on the FBI's website so that they can
         | get all the HN visitors logged. Removes one level of
         | indirection.
         | 
         | Also, the link returns an error to me presumably because of
         | traffic. Can somebody double-post this elsewhere?
        
       | jjwiseman wrote:
       | If a mod could replace the link with this one, it includes
       | presenter notes and will prevent a lot of confusion and give
       | readers much more information:
       | https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1sowJrQQfgxnLCErb-CvU...
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Done. Thanks! What year was this made? (The second last slide
         | has a 2019 timestamp, so I've gone with that for now.)
         | 
         | I know there were other HN threads related to this work/topic,
         | but I don't know how to find them exactly, so if anyone wants
         | to bring up some links, that would be great.
        
       | walrus01 wrote:
       | If anyone's seen UAV development programs for 'serious' things
       | run by the US feds in some extremely rural areas, this isn't
       | secret. Anything flying around emitting ADS-B isn't secret. It's
       | maybe slightly obfuscated with corporate ownership/lease of small
       | aircraft.
       | 
       | Go look at something like the data that has come out (ten years
       | ago, now!) about the RQ170 program if you want "secret".
        
         | daniel_reetz wrote:
         | Many interesting and important things hide in plain sight.
         | 
         | I'm glad the author investigated, documented, and pointed this
         | out. And as a former Imagineer I'm not at all surprised that
         | they followed their curiosity.
        
           | jjwiseman wrote:
           | I'm still at R&D, which I'm guessing you have some
           | familiarity with...
        
             | daniel_reetz wrote:
             | That was unclear, I meant that I'm a former
             | Imagineer/Disney Researcher. Cheers ;)
        
       | atemerev wrote:
       | Gorgon Stare?
        
         | Vecr wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgon_Stare pretty much high
         | resolution cameras on a drone that enable surveillance
         | recording of an entire city over a long enough period of time
         | so you can back-track cars that met up with a person or vehicle
         | of interest, so you can figure out who's talking to who.
        
       | xrayarx wrote:
       | This github repo is linked from the ,powerpoint':
       | 
       | https://github.com/wiseman
        
       | etchalon wrote:
       | Incredibly detailed and interesting, but seems like it wasn't all
       | that secret, just not widely known?
        
       | thebeardisred wrote:
       | FYI, Wiseman's work has been the foundation for later projects
       | like https://github.com/cnelson/maho
        
       | yasp wrote:
       | (2015)
        
         | dang wrote:
         | There's a 2019 timestamp in there so that's at least a lower
         | bound.
        
       | maerF0x0 wrote:
       | @fortran77
       | 
       | It's community practice to add (YYYY) to items that are not from
       | the current year
        
         | bbarnett wrote:
         | Don't you mean 0YYYY?
         | 
         | (kidding)
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | This looks like local government surveillance. The military ("US
       | Government") flights are almost all in places you would expect
       | (airbases, loosely populated areas, and Palmdale). Perhaps the
       | actual talk has some clarity on this but all I saw was slides.
        
       | ctippett wrote:
       | I recorded a similar flight pattern[1] above London not too long
       | ago by the RAF's Shadow R1 Beechcraft plane[2]. I figured it was
       | some sort of training flight as they were circling above
       | Northholt air force base (just north of Heathrow airport).
       | 
       | [1] https://imgur.com/a/1IHUfUt
       | 
       | [2] https://www.raf.mod.uk/aircraft/shadow-r1/
        
       | AviationAtom wrote:
       | Thought this was just going to be another "check this out, I just
       | discovered ADSB" article. I am glad I kept reading, as the
       | correlation aspect was cool to see.
       | 
       | If you really want to see some wild stuff then lookup the
       | Baltimore aerial DVR program.
        
       | avidiax wrote:
       | The gravity of this isn't captured at all by the
       | article/presentation.
       | 
       | Many of these planes simply capture high resolution panorama
       | timelapses of a large portion of the city.
       | 
       | The police can then wait for a crime to happen (e.g. a burglary),
       | and then if they have coverage of the time, they can just play
       | their timelapse in reverse to figure out where the vehicles
       | involved came from or went.
       | 
       | Then, they use "parallel construction" to erase the fact that
       | they used persistent mass surveillance to catch the criminals.
       | They already know whodunit, so it's just a matter of coming up
       | with a "lucky break" or an "anonymous tip" or whatever to explain
       | how they caught someone, without ever exposing the surveillance
       | to the scrutiny of the court.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | That's a pretty complicated explanation, given that (1) every
         | major city PD already makes ample use of street-level CCTV
         | footage, and (2) it involves local-federal cooperation (the FBI
         | is seemingly the ones flying these planes).
         | 
         | If we're speculating baselessly, my guess would be that, like
         | all cops, the FBI has a bloated surveillance budget and _loves_
         | trinkets. Why waste shoe leather or sit in a car for hours when
         | you can justify a joy ride in a plane while you watch the bad
         | guys?
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | that sounds very expensive to do, doesn't it?
        
         | specialist wrote:
         | > _they can just play their timelapse in reverse_
         | 
         | Similarly, with the combo of demographic and location
         | databases, they can _rule out_ everyone with an alibi.
        
         | dclusin wrote:
         | Is this from actual investigative reporting with sources or
         | just assumed from theoretical capability of tech? Not trying to
         | say this isn't happening. Just saying that what's possible and
         | what's happening don't always match up.
        
           | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
           | Parallel construction is a real thing. I would be surprised
           | if this wasn't happening with FBI planes.
           | 
           | https://www.techdirt.com/2014/02/03/parallel-construction-
           | re...
        
       | jjwiseman wrote:
       | Hi, I did this. The link that was posted doesn't include
       | presenter notes by default, which is leading to some confusion.
       | Check out
       | https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1sowJrQQfgxnLCErb-CvU...
       | instead.
       | 
       | IIRC the term the FBI used to describe these activities was
       | "confidential", which is why they registered the planes to front
       | companies they made up. Congress wanted to know more, so the FBI
       | gave them a confidential briefing
       | (https://apnews.com/article/1240a8a42edf4a86aff72a0246525a95):
       | The FBI assured Congress in an unusual, confidential briefing
       | that         its plane surveillance program is a by-the-books
       | operation short         on high-definition cameras -- with some
       | planes equipped with         binoculars -- and said only five
       | times in five years has it tracked         cellphones from the
       | sky.              The FBI would not openly answer some questions
       | about its planes,         which routinely orbit major U.S. cities
       | and rural areas. Although         the FBI has described the
       | program as unclassified and not secret,         it declined to
       | disclose during an unclassified portion of a         Capitol Hill
       | briefing any details about how many planes it flies         or
       | how much the program costs. In a 2009 budget document, the FBI
       | said it had 115 planes in its fleet.
       | 
       | In case you missed it, pretty much the first place I posted about
       | what I'd found was here at HN
       | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9508812).
       | 
       | Since then, I've done some other stuff in a similar vein.
       | 
       | I created the Advisory Circular network of twitter bots that
       | post, in real-time, whenever they see aircraft circling
       | (https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1294002338215034880). The
       | code is all open source. The bots have helped me (and hopefully
       | other people) discover all sorts of interesting things that
       | aircraft are doing, often right over our heads: power line
       | inspections, dropping sterile fruit flies, tests of new military
       | technologies over the Mojave desert, retired attack helicopters
       | fighting fires, and more.
       | 
       | ADS-B data includes information about navigation accuracy, and it
       | turns out it's pretty easy to see when an aircraft is
       | experiencing GPS/GNSS interference, and even map it. I created
       | GPSJam (https://gpsjam.org) to make that data accessible to the
       | public (instead of, say, paying tens of thousands of dollars to
       | geospatial intelligence companies). On that map you can see
       | things like conflict zones, U.S. military tests and training in
       | the Southwest, and Russia's concern over increased risk of drone
       | strikes deep into their territory.
       | 
       | The coolest thing about all this stuff is that it's not really
       | very hard to do. It turns out as soon as you start paying
       | attention to aircraft over the course of days, and weeks, you
       | immediately find mysteries to solve.
        
         | jjwiseman wrote:
         | One other less well-defined project I'll mention: Using whisper
         | on aircraft radio traffic. I think of ATC radio as a completely
         | unindexed, unsearchable, "dark web" of information, and Whisper
         | can open it up and make it searchable. Whisper is the first
         | speech recognition system I've seen that can handle not just
         | the typically low quality audio, but also can take into account
         | contextual information. E.g. some of the most useful
         | information in a transmission on an ATC radio frequency is the
         | call sign of the aircraft. But it's very hard for most speech
         | recognizers to accurately transcribe: "7XY" is essentially just
         | as likely as "1AC". Short, basically random utterances are hell
         | on speech recognizers. But Whisper's killer feature IMO (but
         | weirdly one that people rarely seem to use or even know about)
         | is the powerful language model and its ability to be prompted.
         | 
         | Level 1 prompt engineering for Whisper is simply using a prompt
         | like "Let's pretend we're air traffic controllers" or something
         | to prime it to expect the specialized ATC lingo vs. any other
         | thing people might be talking about. This prompt is specific to
         | ATC, but is otherwise very general.
         | 
         | Level 2 becomes specific to the frequency you're transcribing:
         | "Cessna, El Monte Tower, cleared for the option runway 01." Now
         | Whisper knows that it's ATC, and that the name of the tower
         | (which it will hear a lot) is El Monte, and that there's a
         | runway numbered 01.
         | 
         | Level 3 is where you add additional time- and situation-
         | dependent prompting to increase accuracy. If you look at ADS-B
         | data, you can figure out which aircraft are/were in the area
         | when the audio was recorded, that might be communicating on the
         | radio. You can create prompts using those call signs, greatly
         | increasing accuracy of transcription. (Some researchers have
         | done work along these lines, pre-Whisper.)
         | 
         | An example of what Whisper makes possible: Here's a "supercut"
         | of all the times either a pilot or ATC mentioned "laser",
         | across multiple frequencies, across multiple days:
         | https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1578516727549153280 Here's
         | an example of what I'd like to be able to do (I created it
         | manually, but I don't think it's too far out of reach), a video
         | showing the aircraft map synchronized with ATC audio across
         | frequencies, from a few days ago when a Cessna busted the
         | presidential TFR near Philadelphia:
         | https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1605293275333607424
         | 
         | Not Whisper-related, but just a fun proof-of-concept of a
         | browser extension that lets you click on aircraft on the map
         | and listen to them on the radio:
         | https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1521551159206416384
        
         | ckdarby wrote:
         | How many times do you "randomly" get stopped at the airport
         | now?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | cantrevealname wrote:
         | Do you have an opinion on or evidence for/against this comment
         | that the purpose is a continuous timelapse video of major
         | portions of the city to backtrack vehicles after a crime has
         | occurred?[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34110888
        
           | cmeacham98 wrote:
           | Not OP, but that commemter's source seems to be "trust me
           | bro".
           | 
           | On top of that, if the FBI was showing these tapes to cops
           | for crimes as common as burglary you'd think somebody would
           | have spilled the beans by now.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, we've changed to the URL you suggested (submitted URL was
         | https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1sowJrQQfgxnLCErb-
         | CvU...). Thanks!
        
       | deepsun wrote:
       | Why "secret"?
       | 
       | It might also be legitimate surveillance orders, issued by a
       | judge (hence DoJ), that allows for lawful communications
       | interception, external surveillance, etc on a particular subject.
       | The planes tracks look like they mostly circle some single spot
       | or a driving car, or search for something.
       | 
       | I don't argue it's legitimate. I argue there's no evidence the
       | other way.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | If we wait for smoking guns, we greatly empower people who
         | decieve us.
        
           | Lendal wrote:
           | Okay, but are you referring to the criminals, or law
           | enforcement? Both are involved in deception.
        
           | deepsun wrote:
           | Yep, but what do you propose in the case they're legitimate?
           | To post publicly what investigation orders agents received?
           | That defeats the whole purpose.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | We could post publicly the orders in general terms, in ways
             | that will not identify the targets. And as soon as
             | possible, post the remainder of the order.
             | 
             | Transparency is essential to rule of, by, and for the
             | people.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | No, you fail to argue that "legitimate" and "secret" are
         | opposites.
        
         | tmpburning wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | solarpunk wrote:
       | Oh hey, some more work, following in the vein of
       | https://twitter.com/MinneapoliSam 's old FBISkySpies story for
       | North Star Post.
       | 
       | Always cool to see this stuff.
        
       | abujazar wrote:
       | So, two years after the Snowden revelations, someone's surprised
       | the US govt uses planes for mass surveillance. And the <<secret>>
       | program turned out not to be even classified. This is not really
       | a story.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | Maybe not classified, but secret in the sense of not being well
         | known. And the details were completely unknown, at least to
         | most of us.
        
       | xrayarx wrote:
       | This is about the use of persistent video surveillance in
       | American Cities.
       | 
       | This seems to be a PowerPoint? Rather uncomfortable to read.
        
         | fourthark wrote:
         | Nothing to read afaict.
         | 
         | Lots of provocative flight paths to look at.
        
           | majestik wrote:
           | See presenter notes
        
           | deepsun wrote:
           | And nothing about their legitimacy, only about the scale.
        
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