[HN Gopher] Binance caught commingling funds between US and inte...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Binance caught commingling funds between US and international
       exchanges
        
       Author : senttoschool
       Score  : 270 points
       Date   : 2022-12-21 12:12 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dirtybubblemedia.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dirtybubblemedia.substack.com)
        
       | stephc_int13 wrote:
       | Everything is crap, except Bitcoin /s
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | Is there no company in the entire crypto space that isn't a
       | wretched hive of scum and villainy? We must be cautious.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xcb4_QwP6fE
        
         | chakintosh wrote:
         | Kraken
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | > no company in the entire crypto space that isn't a wretched
         | hive of scum and villainy
         | 
         | Entire _financial_ space. It 's just that traditional financial
         | companies are better regulated (and are better at working
         | within the regulations to hide their crimes). But they are not
         | in any way better humans. For every FTX or Binance there's an
         | Enron or Deutch Bank ten times the size and just as villainous.
        
           | roflyear wrote:
           | > Entire financial space.
           | 
           | This is true: it is about making money, after all. Greed is a
           | good thing.
        
             | DanHulton wrote:
             | It is most certainly not.
        
               | roflyear wrote:
               | If you mean greed isn't good, you're right - I meant to
               | finance companies, greed is a good thing. It's the point.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | The problem is there _are_ people who hold strongly to an
               | ideological position that greed is, in fact, a good
               | thing. So if you can still edit, you might want to
               | clarify that you weren 't stating that in your comment
               | :-)
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | Fair warning. And those same greedy libertarian crypto
               | shills are a dime a dozen in these discussions, but
               | nobody's buying what they have to say and more.
               | 
               | Edit: I've recently seen a significant reduction of
               | blatant crypto shilling posts from people like that on
               | this forum (thanks to good moderation, and people calling
               | them out on their lies, and linking to proof of their
               | scams and well documented history of crimes).
               | 
               | For example, it's been ages since I've seen any posts
               | here from the notorious scammer and spammer Richard
               | "Dodge Dodge" Heart (whose real name is Richard J "Spam
               | King" Schueler, winner of the "Golden Pump Award" for
               | "Best New Scam" for his POS get-rich-quick pyramid scheme
               | called "HEX"). He was trying to recruit and exploit
               | unsuspecting developers here on HN to implement and
               | operate his scams in exchange for promises of shitcoin
               | equity.
               | 
               | https://bitcoin-takeover.com/deconstructing-richard-
               | hearts-l...
               | 
               | https://learn.bybit.com/defi/what-is-hex-crypto/
               | 
               | https://protos.com/richard-hearts-curious-launch-of-hex-
               | puls...
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29367412
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=RichardHeart
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | I mean clearly people _are_ buying it, or at least were
               | when it looked like easy  "money for nothing" to quote
               | the song
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Enron gave us SOX, for reasons. Deutsche Bank is, like UBS
           | and basically any other international bank, involved in all
           | kinds of shady businesses, from money laundering to tax
           | fraud. Those banks are usually fined, I do agree so that
           | those scandals are very under covered. Deutsche Ban an other
           | have yet to directly defraud customers of their deposits, not
           | even WireCard managed to do that.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | The armies of shill-droids that constantly post deflective
           | whataboutism, fallacious predictions, unethical financial
           | advice, strained rationalizations, and false equivalencies to
           | justify the unregulated crypto space aren't better humans, or
           | even human at all.
           | 
           | The dark side of the force with them.
        
             | heartbeats wrote:
             | I don't think you should suggest people are "not even
             | human," even if they're behaving in a deeply unethical
             | fashion.
        
               | rytor718 wrote:
               | I could be wrong, but I read the implication as
               | bots/machines that trade in the financial markets. But
               | again I could have totally misunderstood OP.
        
           | rocket_surgeron wrote:
           | My bank is constantly and repeatedly recognized as one of the
           | best-run, most ethical, and most customer-centric companies
           | in the United States, if not the entire planet.
           | 
           | Of course it is not publicly-traded, so that eliminates one
           | source of pressure to be a wretched hive of scum and
           | villainy.
           | 
           | Of particular note is that they are the largest bank in the
           | United States to not require or take a bailout during the
           | financial crisis.
           | 
           | I imagine credit unions have the same lack of pressure that
           | my bank does and it is incomprehensible to me that someone
           | would patronize a financial institution that has incentives
           | to screw them over to make their quarterly report look good.
           | 
           | It is entirely possible to interface with the financial
           | system without dealing with scumbags, or putting your faith
           | into digital magic beans that immediately collapse when the
           | Ponzi stops.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAA
        
             | FormerBandmate wrote:
             | JP Morgan didn't require a bailout but was forced to so
             | people wouldn't know which banks actually needed bailouts,
             | to stop bank runs. AFAIK Wells Fargo was in the same boat
             | (although the Wachovia acquisition led it to need some
             | help, Wachovia was insolvent)
        
               | rocket_surgeron wrote:
               | I might be wrong but my foggy memory recalls that JP
               | Morgan was in good shape because they were the top of the
               | mortgage-backed security pyramid and that years later
               | their penalty for misleading investors prior to the
               | financial crisis was the highest of all time(or of all
               | the banks?).
        
           | adrr wrote:
           | Name a financial firm that had a significant negative impact
           | on consumers? Wells Fargo scandal is the only one i can name
           | but the total losses to all customers involved was $2M which
           | they got compensated with $140M payout.
        
             | dumbfoundded wrote:
             | Our banking system nearly collapsed in 2008. Lots of people
             | got hurt. Financialization of the US economy is a larger,
             | delayed version of what happened to General Electric.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > Our banking system nearly collapsed in 2008. Lots of
               | people got hurt.
               | 
               | Yes, plenty of people got hurt because they made shitty
               | investments.
               | 
               | How many people got hurt due to their bank running off
               | with their money to the Bahamas/betting it all on red?
               | 
               | Because that's the degree of 'hurt' that the various
               | crypto exchanges have been inflicting on their customers.
               | Can you find me one American who lost money from their
               | savings account in 2008? Or just had it go poof from
               | their stock brokerage?
        
               | dumbfoundded wrote:
               | I responded to: "Name a financial firm that had a
               | significant negative impact on consumers?" I didn't
               | respond to which financial firms stole money from
               | customers. What SBF did was more like Bernie Madoff.
               | 
               | The only reason we didn't have bank runs and frozen
               | accounts is because the Fed stepped in to provide
               | liquidity to the whole market. The banking system
               | would've collapsed similar to the Great Depression
               | without such action. Lots of people lost their savings in
               | the Great Depression.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > What SBF did was more like Bernie Madoff.
               | 
               | Retail investors used FTX, retail was not heavily exposed
               | to Bernie. His marks were mostly institutional and
               | accredited investors, for whom the expectations are far
               | closer to the 'buyer-beware' side of the spectrum.
               | 
               | > because the Fed stepped in to provide liquidity to the
               | whole market.
               | 
               | That's the Fed's job. Everything worked... Pretty much as
               | intended.
               | 
               | And there's a reason it's not stepping in to provide
               | liquidity for the various crypto scams. Liquidity
               | injections can save a situation where value exists, but
               | can't be immediately realized - as in the case of a bank
               | run. In this case, though, there's no value worth saving.
               | 
               | > Lots of people lost their savings in the Great
               | Depression.
               | 
               | Which is precisely why we built systems to prevent that
               | failure mode from happening again. They worked.
        
               | dumbfoundded wrote:
               | I agree that the Fed was right in letting these crypto
               | scams fail. The problem inherent to the system is
               | inflation. As the Fed expands its powers, it can avoid
               | significant recessions/depressions but one day it won't
               | work and the dollar will fail like every other fiat
               | currency in the world has eventually failed. This system
               | "working" isn't eliminating risk, it's polarizing it.
               | 
               | I wrote a longer comment a year ago but here's a piece:
               | "The price of gold was $45/oz in 1970. 52 years later
               | it's $1,800/ounce. That's roughly 7.6% a year or 45x
               | increase. If you use the inflation provided by the
               | government, CPI, (1), they say inflation is only
               | 3.6%/year or roughly 7x since 1970. Obviously we have a
               | discrepancy. Is the dollar worth 45x less than 1970 or 7x
               | times?
               | 
               | When we look at prices of things like education, housing,
               | and healthcare, the 45x number makes a lot more sense.
               | Education has 30x in price over the same time period (2).
               | If you're comparing prices in dollars, it feels like
               | education got really expensive compared to the basket of
               | goods the BEA tracks but in reality, education requires
               | less gold than it did in 1970. Our incredible supply
               | chains and manufacturing automation have lowered most
               | consumer prices such that we don't really notice
               | inflation but when you look at things that can't get much
               | cheaper like housing, healthcare, education, asset prices
               | of all sorts, you can't miss the fact that they correlate
               | more closely with gold than the USD."
               | 
               | (1) https://news.ycombinator.com/threads?id=dumbfoundded&
               | next=29...
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > I wrote a longer comment a year ago but here's a piece:
               | "The price of gold was $45/oz in 1970. 52 years later
               | it's $1,800/ounce. That's roughly 7.6% a year or 45x
               | increase. If you use the inflation provided by the
               | government, CPI, (1), they say inflation is only
               | 3.6%/year or roughly 7x since 1970. Obviously we have a
               | discrepancy. Is the dollar worth 45x less than 1970 or 7x
               | times?
               | 
               | The main[1] answer to your riddle is that the economy
               | grew about ~6x faster than we have been mining gold. The
               | dollar is closer to being worth 7x less than 45x less.
               | 
               | > When we look at prices of things like education,
               | housing, and healthcare, the 45x number makes a lot more
               | sense. Education has 30x in price over the same time
               | period (2).
               | 
               | The same amount of education isn't actually 30x more
               | expensive.
               | 
               | Because you're not getting the same services in exchange
               | for your money today, as you were 50 years ago.
               | 
               | If you drop the money-pit sports programs, the entirety
               | of the administrative sector, the nice new dorm
               | buildings, and account for reduction in public funding,
               | you'll find that the growth in the cost of education is
               | much closer to the cost of inflation.
               | 
               | It's not all that expensive, even in 2022, to stuff a
               | group of young adults into a lecture hall and have an
               | underpaid adjunct who doesn't even get health insurance
               | read off Powerpoint slides to them for 15 hours a week.
               | It's the everything else, most of which has nothing to do
               | with education that costs money.
               | 
               | [1] The secondary answer to your riddle is that late-
               | night-infomercial-manufactured demand from goldbugs and
               | other morons can easily raise the price of gold
               | significantly above where it 'ought' to be. Beanie
               | babies, baseball cards, NFTs, shitcoins, etc.
        
               | dumbfoundded wrote:
               | College education is ~30x more expensive (1). Home prices
               | (2) & Health care (3) are ~22x more expensive. Farm land
               | is up 20x (4)
               | 
               | > The main[1] answer to your riddle is that the economy
               | grew about ~6x faster than we have been mining gold. The
               | dollar is closer to being worth 7x less than 45x less.
               | 
               | How are you measuring it? It's a circular argument if you
               | measure it in dollars. If it measure it in anything that
               | can't be made more efficient due to automation &
               | offshoring, it's no where near a 7x decrease.
               | 
               | > [1] The secondary answer to your riddle is that late-
               | night-infomercial-manufactured demand from goldbugs and
               | other morons can easily raise the price of gold
               | significantly above where it 'ought' to be. Beanie
               | babies, baseball cards, etc.
               | 
               | Gold is simply a good that's impossible to mass produce
               | with technology. Use land, housing, healthcare, education
               | or whatever you feel is most representative. Using
               | toothpaste and tv's for CPI is a bad measurement in the
               | last 50 years, our technology for mass producing them has
               | lowered the true cost.
               | 
               | (1) https://educationdata.org/average-cost-of-college-by-
               | year
               | 
               | (2) https://www.in2013dollars.com/Medical-care/price-
               | inflation
               | 
               | (3) https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ASPUS
               | 
               | (4) https://www.statista.com/statistics/196400/average-
               | value-of-...
        
               | adrr wrote:
               | Investments were only bad in the short term. TARP, which
               | purchased these assets, ended up being profitable for the
               | government.
        
               | WeylandYutani wrote:
               | Good call yeah. Dutch government managed to buy up banks
               | for cheap and made a profit on them.
               | 
               | "Almost crashed" is not the same as "crashed". 2008 Was a
               | stress test and the system survived.
        
         | delaaxe wrote:
         | Coinbase and Kraken definitely aren't "a wretched hive of scum
         | and villainy".
        
           | blitzar wrote:
           | Luna-Terra, FTX, Coinbase and Kraken definitely aren't "a
           | wretched hive of scum and villainy".
           | 
           | Oops, correction.
           | 
           | FTX, Coinbase and Kraken definitely aren't "a wretched hive
           | of scum and villainy".
           | 
           | Dont worry, I have it right this time ...
           | 
           | Coinbase and Kraken definitely aren't "a wretched hive of
           | scum and villainy".
        
             | selectodude wrote:
             | Coinbase is a US publicly traded company regulated by the
             | SEC. Their business model is garbage but they have orders
             | of magnitude more data that shows that as a company,
             | they're legit.
        
               | troon-lover wrote:
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | Enron was a US publicly traded company regulated by the
               | SEC.
               | 
               | https://www.investopedia.com/articles/00/100900.asp
               | 
               | Theres another fun one from an NYSE stock ...
               | 
               | In December 1996, Emanuel Pinez, the CEO of Centennial
               | Technologies, and his management recorded that the
               | company made $2 million in revenue from PC memory cards.
               | However, the company was really shipping fruit baskets to
               | customers. The employees then created fake documents as
               | evidence that they were recording sales.
        
           | nwah1 wrote:
           | FTX was a golden child beloved by venture capitalists until
           | last month.
           | 
           | High likelihood we view these two similarly in the near
           | future.
        
             | nicpottier wrote:
             | Disagree. Coinbase has been around forever and was born out
             | of the collapse of MtGox and people wanting some adults to
             | run an exchange. I would not be surprised at all if Binance
             | is a house of cards, I would be very surprised if Coinbase
             | was.
        
               | bena wrote:
               | Madoff Securities was founded in the 60s and didn't
               | collapse until 2008.
               | 
               | And you may say that Madoff Securities didn't start out
               | as a Ponzi scheme, federal investigators believe that it
               | took until the 70s for it to start. Madoff claims the
               | scams didn't start until the 90s.
               | 
               | So, "being around forever" isn't evidence of lack of
               | fraud.
        
               | ipnon wrote:
               | What gives confidence in Coinbase is that it's an
               | American company with no offshore subsidiary to perform
               | these kinds of shady transfer shenanigans that have led
               | to the demise of FTX and possibly Binance. No financial
               | company is bulletproof but perhaps it can be said
               | Coinbase only has as much risk as any American financial
               | company. To be fair if this risk is less than your
               | typical crypto darling it's definitely non-zero.
        
               | jachian wrote:
               | Even moreso than Coinbase being an American company, it's
               | a PUBLIC american company that is scrutinized by the
               | rules of american exchanges. This makes it more
               | transparent financially than any other exchange that you
               | can hold your crypto at.
        
               | bena wrote:
               | Madoff Securities was an American company whose shady
               | shenanigans were all contained within the US.
               | 
               | So the fact that Coinbase is entirely US based is also
               | not a guarantee that it's not doing shady things.
               | 
               | And the implication DonHopkins was making is that every
               | major actor in the crypto space is run by scam artists
               | trying to defraud people of their money. There are no
               | good actors.
               | 
               | It's not about the level of risk with regards to the
               | structure of the company. It's about the people running
               | it. And no manner of corporate structure is going to
               | prevent people from simply lying. Which is what every
               | fraud has to do at some point. By their very nature.
               | 
               | DonHopkins is saying since we can't trust the people
               | running these companies, we can't trust these companies.
               | 
               | And the fact that they've been around for a while or are
               | based solely in the US mean nothing when one of the
               | largest financial scams ticked both of those boxes.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | It's no guarantee, but it's a damn sight better than it's
               | current competition.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | That's an awfully low bar.
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | >Coinbase has been around forever
               | 
               | Forever? So dry behind the ears, are you?
               | 
               | >born out of the collapse of MtGox
               | 
               | The apple far from the tree falls, say you?
               | 
               | >very surprised
               | 
               | Not Jack's complete lack of what, are you?
        
               | gammarator wrote:
               | While I agree with you:
               | 
               | > Be kind. Don't be snarky.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | Stop focusing on the negative and commit, I will. ;)
        
             | TacticalCoder wrote:
             | Coinbase goes as far as publishing the exact identification
             | numbers of all the short term US treasuries they hold that
             | back the USDC they emitted. They say they're held in
             | custody at BNY Mellon (IIRC). It would be quite the lie if
             | that wasn't true and I'm pretty sure _many_ people are now
             | carefully looking into these affirmation  / proof of
             | reserves / etc.
             | 
             | Coinbase also always had exorbitant fees compared to other
             | exchanges (but who's looking "smart" now, those who paid
             | the huge fees at Coinbase or those who were paying
             | 0.000001% / operation at FTX and are now fucked?), which at
             | least make it sound like making money on actual fees was
             | their business model.
             | 
             | Now: Coinbase is leaking money by having revenues which
             | fell and running costs through the roof.
             | 
             | But, in the short term, if FTX is gone and if Binance goes,
             | Coinbase becomes number one. They're already number two and
             | it's very likely that Coinbase's volume is real (contrarily
             | to Binance).
             | 
             | Coinbase is a HN unicorn, US incorporated. The people
             | behind it are known.
             | 
             | They may be behind a huge scam but somehow I don't think
             | so.
             | 
             | Also I do really wonder: now that rates have gone up,
             | they've got $53 bn actual USD bringing it a significant
             | amount of money. Where's that money going? For a start
             | they're not giving the yeld to people storing USDC in their
             | own private wallet in a "your key / your coins" style. What
             | about the USDC held at Coinbase for customers? Do they give
             | yeld on that?
             | 
             | $53 bn or so is a _lot_ of money with 4 to 5% yeld or
             | something...
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | >They say they're held in custody at BNY Mellon
               | 
               | Doesn't the other poster's claim that the "Entire
               | _financial_ space " is corrupt and that "For every FTX or
               | Binance there's an Enron or Deutch Bank ten times the
               | size and just as villainous" undermine the claim that BNY
               | Mellon is trustworthy?
               | 
               | I agree that USAA is a rare exception, but do you really
               | trust BNY Mellon if the "Entire _financial_ space " is
               | corrupt, or is that just whataboutism that ignores the
               | outrageously unprecedented and shill-droid-automated
               | degree of unregulated untraceable corruption in the
               | crypto space?
               | 
               | If you believe Coinbase is as rare and trustworthy an
               | exception as USAA, then I've got some Trump NFT's to sell
               | you!
        
       | eqmvii wrote:
       | IIRC this blog's 2022-11-04 article "Is Alameda Research
       | Insolvent?" was a part of what kicked off the events leading to
       | FTX's collapse: https://dirtybubblemedia.substack.com/p/is-
       | alameda-research-...
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | Contemporary HN thread:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33464494 (208 comments)
        
           | tyleo wrote:
           | Wow, incredible to see all the top comments there, "This
           | article is jumping to conclusions. Everything seems fine."
           | 
           | I'm not particularly invested in the crypto space one way or
           | another but just watching from the sidelines it seems like:
           | 
           | * Many things that seemed fine in this space were not fine.
           | 
           | * As a layman, Binance _seems_ to be in the same ballpark of
           | trustworthiness as FTX.
           | 
           | Even if you are pro-crypto it just seems like there are much
           | less risky places to put your money than Binance at this
           | point.
        
             | derivagral wrote:
             | As someone who loosely followed and played in the space, I
             | got scared around when Binance set up their own non-eth
             | chain and everyone just... was OK with it. I may recall
             | wrong, but this stuff was "justified" because people didn't
             | want to pay the fees and delays to trade on something like
             | Uniswap.
             | 
             | Funny, because BNB was one of my best investments at the
             | time, making up for other counterparty risks I didn't
             | avoid.
        
             | Analemma_ wrote:
             | The top comments did indeed say everything was fine,
             | although to be fair, almost every single _reply_ to those
             | comments said the OP was full of shit, and gave reasons
             | which turned out to be entirely correct. By comment volume,
             | the skeptics were much more represented.
             | 
             | So it seems like the population of HN has both a bunch of
             | boosters who will blindly upvote plausible-sounding
             | "everything is fine" positions but also a bunch of better-
             | informed people who will do the work in tearing those
             | boosters down.
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | If anything, upvoting controversial comments that have a
               | lot of thoughtful responses is a public service -
               | argument and counter argument gets put right at the top.
        
             | roflyear wrote:
             | If you're invested in crypto, you need it to work out for
             | you.
        
             | paulusthe wrote:
             | People who are heavily pro-crypto see any reporting of bad
             | things as bad for adoption, and since adoption is the goal,
             | the reporting is bad.
             | 
             | They're willfully blind, and just like Elon, there's always
             | somebody willing to parrot whatever they think Master wants
             | them to say
        
               | keb_ wrote:
               | Reminds me of this quote by Drew DeVault:
               | 
               | > Maybe your cryptocurrency is different. But look:
               | you're in really poor company. When you're the only
               | honest person in the room, maybe you should be in a
               | different room. It is impossible to trust you. Every
               | comment online about cryptocurrency is tainted by the
               | fact that the commenter has probably invested thousands
               | of dollars into a Ponzi scheme and is depending on your
               | agreement to make their money back.
               | 
               | [1] https://drewdevault.com/2021/04/26/Cryptocurrency-is-
               | a-disas...
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | The irony is that every single crypto enthusiast I know,
               | builder or speculator, has invested in shitcoins and scam
               | coins just to hedge their bets in the off-chance it
               | pumps...
               | 
               | They're fully aware and will tell me it's shady, and yet,
               | do it anyways.
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | > adoption is the goal
               | 
               | Absolutely, someone needs to fund the 100/1000x Ponzi
               | returns that they want.
        
               | BLanen wrote:
               | Adoption(Actually using crypto as currency) is not in any
               | way a goal anymore.
               | 
               | The goal is now just to HODL till some mythical event
               | where they'll be millionaires/billionaires with a single
               | coin and then just use that as collateral to buy stuff
               | through defi. Very similar to the GME cult.
        
             | kodah wrote:
             | From that thread:
             | 
             | > If the liabilities are collateralized by assets on their
             | balance sheet, then the financial risk is not to Alameda
             | but the lender!
             | 
             | Turns out the lender, illegally, was FTX
        
         | marban wrote:
         | Feature of James Block
         | https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/12/crypt...
        
         | paulusthe wrote:
         | Binance and tether have long been the dirtiest players in
         | crypto, and there have been warning signs for years.
         | 
         | Kindleberger likened financial frauds to underwater obstacles.
         | When money is plentiful, the metaphorical tide is high, and the
         | obstacles are hidden by the water so nobody sees them. But
         | they're always there. Then, when the tide recedes (cheap money
         | ends), the obstacles are exposed for all to see.
         | 
         | Binance is just going to be the last domino to fall as a result
         | of cheap money ending.
        
           | tyleo wrote:
           | Another (more humorous) version of this metaphor is, "You
           | don't find out who's been swimming naked until the tide goes
           | out"
        
             | rabidonrails wrote:
             | That's a Buffet-ism
        
       | wyxuan wrote:
       | If I had to make a guess on what is going on, Binance US is using
       | Binance cloud, which allows for other platforms to tap into
       | Binance's orderbook liquidity and infra. Mandala(an exchange)
       | uses it, and their token mdxt doesn't trade on Binance but still
       | uses their infra and wallets for instance.
       | 
       | There could be a similar arrangement where US pairs don't appear
       | on the intentional exchange and vice versa, even if they use the
       | same infra
        
       | europeanguy wrote:
       | I'm very skeptical of crypto, but what this is telling me is that
       | at least one pro-crypto argument has _some_ merit: _some_ degree
       | of additional transparency. Anyone could look at these addresses.
       | This isn't the case with accounts in traditional banks.
        
       | im3w1l wrote:
       | My unfounded guess is that this more about tax dodging /
       | regulation skirting than a sign of an imminent collapse. They may
       | have to pay a fine or something but will survive.
        
         | lifeinthevoid wrote:
         | My guess is it's both.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | And just because your crypto lost 90% of its value yesterday
           | doesn't mean it can't do that again tomorrow.
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | This is like the "trick" I use to avoid US speeding fines: I
       | don't speed in the US.
       | 
       | Then same level of fake "outrage" and (at best) ignorance applies
       | to the rest of the article.
       | 
       | There really SHOULD be a requirement for centralised exchanges to
       | hold coins (in wallets they alone control etc) equal to customer
       | deposits (with a reasonable get out for USD/USDT/USDC/BUSD etc
       | fungibility). But there isn't. So Binance.US is free to hold them
       | or transfer them to Binance. And given the terrible service
       | offered by US banks, it is not surprising that they have to use
       | Binance(main)'s rail to access payments. In fact it's totally
       | standard.
        
       | keb_ wrote:
       | I had recently remembered that I used Binance to purchase $100
       | worth of XRP in 2017 (around the time everyone was jumping on the
       | crypto wagon), so I decided to try to log in to see how my
       | investment was going.
       | 
       | This is when I found out Binance no longer allowed US investors,
       | and I was redirected to a US site (Binance.us). The problem was
       | my account was on Binance.com, and it was not migrated in anyway
       | to this new US site.
       | 
       | I contacted support and they gave me a 7 day period to log in and
       | withdraw my funds (which in itself is weird -- why not just
       | migrate my account to the US site; why the sketchy, arbitrary 7
       | day period? whatever). I was finally able to log in! And I saw
       | that my $100 investment had (unsurprisingly) turned into $17. I
       | chuckled and tried to get my 17 bucks out anyway, only to find
       | that the site no longer even offers a way to withdraw funds as an
       | American!
       | 
       | This whole experience that spanned maybe an hour was hilarious.
       | I've resigned to the fact that I was scammed out of a hundred
       | bucks. Woulda been nice to use that to buy a few games on Steam,
       | but oh well, here we are. Hope this tale at least amuses or
       | informs someone.
        
         | chakintosh wrote:
         | Bag holder lol
        
         | raffraffraff wrote:
         | Your % loss in crypto value for that period is almost exactly
         | the same as mine, even though I didn't have any XRP and "spread
         | my investment" over 4 different cryptocurrencies.
         | 
         | Thankfully my "investment" was low enough to walk away from. It
         | was basically an experiment. Glad I did it. Now I know. Of
         | course my wife told me it was a ponzi scheme from the start,
         | and was completely right. The real combined value of all the
         | crypto in the universe is zero. The market just hasn't
         | corrected itself yet.
        
           | thatguy0900 wrote:
           | As long as you can buy illegal stuff online with it it isn't
           | zero. There's real value in that, to some at least.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | Anything other than a privacy coin isn't anonymous, it's
             | pseudonymous. Carrying out illicit transactions on a public
             | ledger is akin to just sending your transaction history to
             | every investigative service on earth: the FBI, NSA, CIA -
             | and abroad of course, the PRC government. They are now, or
             | will in the future, just run it through automated
             | deanonymization tooling.
             | 
             | To borrow an expression from Nicholas Weaver, crimes on
             | public ledgers are just prosecution futures.
        
             | dumbfoundded wrote:
             | It's the dumbest technology to try to buy illegal stuff
             | now. Most coins have touched an exchange and everything you
             | do is public. Once deanonymized, it's the opposite of
             | private.
             | 
             | Monero & Zcash are exceptions and the only parts of crypto
             | I'm bullish about (including some new upcoming chains like
             | Ironfish & Aleo). I think private p2p cash has a lot of
             | value. BTC & ETH are the opposite of private.
        
               | WeylandYutani wrote:
               | There's no statute of limitations on buying child
               | pornography in my country. Drugs nobody cares.
        
               | thatguy0900 wrote:
               | For now it seems the agencies with the technical
               | expertise to prosecute arnt going after the occasional
               | drug buyers, it's pretty safe. Of course, nothing
               | stopping future better police from taking through old
               | records
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | It's still useful as a means of transferring money for
               | those in jurisdictions that don't care about their
               | illegal activity. Like the countries that tolerate
               | cybercrime as long as it is directed outside of their own
               | borders. Or dictators themselves trying to avoid
               | sanctions.
        
               | dumbfoundded wrote:
               | It's still useful for now, but it will get less and less
               | so. The tornado cash dev is in jail for writing code that
               | made such efforts easier. Since coins can be marked by
               | "good" actors as having been involved in illegal
               | activity, they can't ever be used again.
               | 
               | Let's say a US company gets ransomware attacked by a
               | Russian national and demands payment in bitcoin. US
               | company pays in bitcoin and later reports crime. All
               | accounts get flagged. Anyone helping that address offramp
               | the money will be in trouble. So there has to be a
               | Russian exchange dealing with Russian banks that's
               | creating a track record of provably aiding in crime. It's
               | either going to be such a small amount no one cares or
               | the Russian companies involved will be sanctioned.
               | 
               | Because of the public permanent record, the utility of
               | ETH and BTC are decreasingly useful. Things like instant
               | international settlement, fast payments, and the alike
               | can always be better done with tradfi. Privacy and
               | avoiding regulation was the only real utility ever.
        
               | altdataseller wrote:
               | What are examples of private p2p cash?
        
               | dumbfoundded wrote:
               | Monero & Zcash are the best examples right now but like
               | bitcoin, they are volatile and not practical for actual
               | commerce outside of use-cases (like crime) where it's
               | worth the cost.
               | 
               | Stablecoins are a large use case in crypto now but there
               | isn't a private stablecoin yet (I'm ignoring all SGX
               | based technology). A private stablecoin, fully backed by
               | audited bank reserves would enable something like a
               | private Venmo. This private Venmo would know how much you
               | brought in and took out but would have no idea what your
               | transaction history looks like. I think in the next few
               | years we'll see a private Venmo.
        
             | meepmorp wrote:
             | The real treasure was the German amphetamine paste we
             | bought along the way
        
           | tnel77 wrote:
           | >> The real combined value of all the crypto in the universe
           | is zero. The market just hasn't corrected itself yet.
           | 
           | It's comments like these that make me happy that Reddit has
           | "RemindMe!"
        
           | ls15 wrote:
           | > The real combined value of all the crypto in the universe
           | is zero.
           | 
           | Can I have your leftovers?
        
           | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
           | "Your % loss in crypto value for that period is almost
           | exactly the same as mine, even though I didn't have any XRP
           | and "spread my _investment_ " over 4 different
           | cruptocurrencies."
           | 
           | The only cryptocurrency that the SEC has said publicly it
           | will not treat as a security is BTC. There are allegedly a
           | few more but the SEC has not disclosed which ones. That
           | leaves every other one open to SEC regulation.
           | 
           | Above every cryptocurrency, save for a few, hangs the sword
           | of Damocles.
           | 
           | With the ongoing FTX story, it is nice to see people on HN
           | are now able to comfortably confess their crypto losses.
        
             | ls15 wrote:
             | > That leaves every other one open to SEC regulation.
             | 
             | Only those that fail the Howey Test, I think.
             | In doing so, the Supreme Court established four criteria to
             | determine whether an investment contract exists. An
             | investment contract is:              An investment of money
             | In a common enterprise         With the expectation of
             | profit         To be derived from the efforts of others
             | 
             | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/howey-test.asp
        
         | starwind wrote:
         | Crypto is def the future
        
         | yunohn wrote:
         | They actually did the same in NL, when they ran afoul of
         | regulations here. I had to transfer to Coinbase to cash out.
        
         | lebed2045 wrote:
         | Lucky you. I deposited a bunch on ethers in 2017/18 and wasn't
         | being able to withdraw anything since. They claim my passport
         | isn't enough, so I couldn't withdraw the same money I deposited
         | to the same address. After several weeks of attempts I gave up
         | and call it a loss.
         | 
         | So, saying it out loud: Binance had scammed me. Happy to jump
         | of public debate about it on Twitter(same nickname).
        
           | lebed2045 wrote:
           | This is bizarre. There was a reply to this comment from of
           | person who claimed there's something wrong with me, and when
           | I reply to it with my contacts. Now I don't see any of this
           | comments. So if the parent comment is deleted- so all replies
           | to it as well?
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | It's right there next to your comment, flagged and
             | collapsed by default.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34082481
        
             | salawat wrote:
             | Turn on Show-dead in your account profile.
             | 
             | The community will collectively mod nuke comments that are
             | blatant violations of the site guidelines. Those without
             | show-dead on will no longer see it. You can view even dead
             | posts by turning on show-dead.
             | 
             | It also gives you aore accurate view of what Dang has to
             | deal with on a regular basis.
             | 
             | As far as I'm aware, you can't delete a replied to post.
        
           | sy7ar wrote:
        
             | lebed2045 wrote:
             | Well, this is a problem. As a little man who shared a
             | personal story - there's no way people on internet can
             | believe me over all mighty Binance.
             | 
             | But this is my story, Binance took my deposit and never
             | gave it back. Although I have no influence whatsoever,
             | there are still a few hundred people from the blockchain
             | industry whom I met over a years on hackathons and
             | conferences. Perhaps we might have friends/contacts in
             | common https://twitter.com/lebed2045? via whom happy share
             | all details.
             | 
             | What's my motivation to lie? when if this story even get
             | attention (that is unlikely) - binance would always able to
             | disprove it by sending tx proofs that they sent money back
             | or never took in the first place?
        
         | Lionga wrote:
         | You can check out anytime you like, but you can never leave in
         | the Hotel of Binance
        
         | darkwizard42 wrote:
         | You can withdraw your money by moving it to a Binance US wallet
         | or honestly any other wallet (including one on Coinbase) and
         | withdraw from there in USD.
         | 
         | I'm not sure where you missed this in your exploration. I went
         | through this recently as well.
        
           | keb_ wrote:
           | I did consider that, and at first tried to, but then it asked
           | me to verify my identity. Which I had done already years ago.
           | I frankly did not feel like going through all the trouble of
           | uploading my drivers license/supporting documents for $17.
           | Maybe I'll try again before the 7 days is up? IDK it's the
           | week of Christmas.
        
           | hartator wrote:
           | Maybe it's not worth to give away all your data again to
           | maybe get $17?
        
         | smabie wrote:
         | Can't withdraw funds as an American? This is factually not true
        
           | keb_ wrote:
           | The only way I could see was transferring it to some Euro
           | banks or e-cash services I do not possess. In the withdrawal
           | process, I could not even designate my country as "USA". That
           | or transferring to another coin wallet, but that also
           | required me going through the identification process again
           | (which I had already done in 2017). I did not feel like going
           | down the rabbithole of research/contact support/waiting for
           | $17. I'm lucky enough that I make more than $17 an hour, and
           | I also value my time more than that.
        
         | robotnikman wrote:
         | I don't even think you can even withdraw XRP anymore from any
         | exchange due to the whole SEC investigation thing. At least
         | that's what I experienced when I tried last year.
        
       | rich_sasha wrote:
       | Not to try and create excuses for them, but if I trade on
       | Binance.US, can I trade against someone placing orders on
       | Binance.com? Because if yes, then the commingling of assets is
       | expected and necessary.
       | 
       | Say I register at Binance.US, deposit some USD[T] and buy some
       | BTC instead. Now someone on Binance.com does the opposite - sells
       | me BTC, receives USDT. Now we both withdraw - except my BTC was
       | deposited at Binance.com and the counterparty's USDT was
       | deposited... elsewhere (who knows were).
       | 
       | This doesn't apply, however, if people trading at Binance.US
       | believe they are only trading with each other...
        
         | Sakos wrote:
         | Banking/finance regulations are very strict. Just because you
         | might want that kind of functionality doesn't mean you get to
         | implement it even if it breaks regulations.
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | It is possible that the one "international" exchange is the
         | marketplace where buyers and sellers are matched, while the .us
         | is the custodian of us clients. Thus you would constantly have
         | settlements (net) between the .us custodian and the .int
         | custodian for matched trades on "the exchange".
         | 
         | This is how I would set it up, but wtf would I know.
        
         | glitchc wrote:
         | Except regulations prohibit that. You as a user need two
         | separate accounts, one for each entity, and an audit trail
         | demonstrating compliance with laws for transfers between those
         | two entities.
        
         | sjsdaiuasgdia wrote:
         | Binance.US was supposed to be a separate entity, operating
         | under US regulations and thus allowing people in the US to use
         | it directly.
         | 
         | Quoting the article:
         | 
         | >Our data suggest that Binance.US's "market maker" is a single
         | pair of addresses that exclusively transfer funds between
         | Binance and Binance.US. These addresses move customer assets
         | from the U.S.-based exchange to the much larger offshore entity
         | to perform trades. This means that for all practical purposes,
         | there is no real difference between having your money with
         | Binance.US or directly with Binance. Given that Binance was
         | barred from doing business in the United States, it certainly
         | appears that Binance.US is little more than a convenient
         | fiction to evade regulators.
         | 
         | So yes, Binance.US was created to give the impression of a
         | separate business entity to appease US regulators and entice US
         | investors. But it appears to all be a shell game. Deposited
         | funds may as well have been deposited directly into Binance,
         | which is against the public perception they created.
        
           | rich_sasha wrote:
           | My point is, it depends what "separate" means. It's not
           | uncommon for regulated exchanges to have multiple shell
           | exchanges, just as this article alludes Binance does, where
           | orders are just routed somewhere else. If that's the case
           | then it's unavoidable that client money moves.
           | 
           | What is unclear to me is what independence is promised. Did
           | they promise a fully segregated business with no links? If
           | TFA is right then this is violated.
           | 
           | But maybe they just promised a US entity for dealing with
           | international Binance. If so, the only benefits you reap is
           | there is a US business you can sue and some kind of financial
           | supervision - quite light by the sound of it. And not, by
           | itself, unheard of in regulated finance.
           | 
           | Just saying "look money flowing to and fro" contradicts some
           | but not all sane definitions of "independent".
        
             | sjsdaiuasgdia wrote:
             | >In public, Zhao said the new U.S. exchange - called
             | Binance.US - was a "fully independent entity."
             | 
             | While definitions can have nuance, the "fully" prefix is
             | worthy of consideration here. That doesn't seem to lend
             | itself to being an accurate description of a shell
             | exchange.
             | 
             | If you're concerned the "fully" part didn't come from CZ:
             | 
             | >For instance, Binance.com is not available to US users,
             | while there is a brand partnership with Binance.US, which
             | is a fully independent entity that is a compliant and
             | regulated exchange in the US, to provide US users with a
             | safe, secure, and compliant trading platform. [1]
             | 
             | This is pretty clearly saying one thing then doing another.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.binance.com/en/blog/from-cz/a-letter-from-
             | our-ce...
        
               | rich_sasha wrote:
               | Thanks.
               | 
               | I'm not saying Binance did nothing wrong, only the
               | article does not elaborate what promise of independence
               | is made.
               | 
               | These statements, while certainly very strongly hinting
               | at total separation, are vague enough that they could
               | mean anything.
               | 
               | Clearly, the powerhouse of transparency that is Binance
               | could just cut all such speculation by providing a proper
               | audit. We're all arguing around the margins of a slightly
               | dog-chewed napkin containing scribbles pinky promising
               | Binance is good for the money...
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | The "correct" way to do that would be to maintain two sets of
         | accounts, two bank accounts, and two wallets. Do settlement
         | between the two of them as necessary.
         | 
         | Additionally, the "broker/dealer" function wallets and bank
         | accounts should be separate, preferably in separate corporate
         | identities, from the "free lunch and buy a castle" corporate
         | accounts.
        
       | vgatherps wrote:
       | I love some good exchange fud but this article is hot garbage.
       | None of the claims remotely follow from the evidence.
       | 
       | * all exchanges transfer a lot back and forth on behalf of their
       | clients. Arb desks, market makers, etc. To conclude commingling
       | is laughable.
       | 
       | * binance international has many different products and clientele
       | (much more retail and people with positions) than binance us
       | (mostly just hfts, little real world traction). No surprise that
       | the turnover to assets is different. It doesn't mean that trades
       | awe executing in binance international instead of US.
       | 
       | * binance saying some market makers have headquarters outside the
       | US does not mean binance us trades actually happen on binance.
       | This is so horribly, terribly wrong it makes me doubt the article
       | is good faith.
       | 
       | * A market maker isn't a pair of address that move funds back and
       | forth, unlike the article claims.
       | 
       | The claim doesn't even make sense. Binance US trades hundreds of
       | millions a day, and the lifetime back but forth transfer is under
       | 2 billion??? That doesn't add up to "binance us does it's trades
       | in binance international".
       | 
       | The claim doesn't even make sense. There's no reason to send
       | funds over to binance international, do the trade for each party
       | there, and send funds back. If the claim is that a market making
       | firm does so then, yeah sure, many do, so what? That's literally
       | how cross exchange arb works, "but in the low one and sell on the
       | high one".
       | 
       | Let's keep the content of a respectable quality. This is someone
       | putting out some garbage so if binance does collapse, they can
       | claim they called it ahead of time.
        
         | totalZero wrote:
         | 1. Securities exchanges have a well-defined process for
         | clearing transactions, and don't receive off-schedule payouts
         | from ostensibly independent entities in order to make those
         | transactions work out.
         | 
         | 2. If Binance goes under, what happens to the holdings of
         | Binance.US customers if they are depending on transactions
         | debited from Binance? It's not about clientele, it's about
         | where the assets are parked.
         | 
         | 3. You have the article's causality chain backwards. They
         | establish the hypothesis first and then note that offshore
         | market-making (noted in the Binance.US TOS) supports the
         | hypothesis.
         | 
         | 4. The article puts "market maker" in quotation marks, implying
         | that it's not a real market maker but rather a vehicle to move
         | funds to the other entity for the purpose of effecting trades.
         | I interpret this as a no-arbitrage condition between the
         | Binance and Binance.US.
         | 
         | 5. The amount of money is irrelevant. If your assets are
         | deposited in a regulated entity and then they get transferred
         | to an unregulated entity for any reason aside from clearing
         | your own transactions, something strange is going on.
         | 
         | 6. Cross-exchange arb shouldn't result in USDT deposits on
         | Binance.US dropping to six figures and then needing a $10M
         | lifeline from Binance.
         | 
         | 7. This "someone" as you put it was fairly prescient with
         | regard to Alameda and FTX, using similar methodology, and faced
         | similar criticism for the four or five days between their
         | publication and the collapse of the FTX empire.
        
         | panphora wrote:
         | This is the same reporter who warned investors about
         | Alameda/FTX right before they collapsed. [0] [1]
         | 
         | They also brought attention to Celsius two months ahead of
         | their collapse. [2]
         | 
         | A lot of crypto ponzi schemes have been covered up with "Oh,
         | that was just us doing arbitrage."
         | 
         | Celsius founder in 2020:
         | 
         | "We lend financial assets to players that can transact and
         | generate income for themselves through arbitrage, market making
         | or shorting certain stocks or digital assets."
         | 
         | Almost every brilliant arbitrage has blown up in the faces of
         | high-risk entities or never happened to begin with (SBF's
         | Japanese arbitrage trade looking pretty suspicious right now,
         | with a $9B hole in his balance sheet).
         | 
         | The confidence of your remarks also strikes me as strange,
         | seeing as we've now experienced one domino after another of
         | "we're perfectly solvent and not doing anything bad" to "we're
         | closing withdrawals and all the money's gone" (LUNA/UST,
         | Celsius, 3AC, Voyager Digital, BlockFi, Genesis, FTX... all
         | just in the last year.)
         | 
         | How can you have so much confidence these trades aren't
         | suspicious?
         | 
         | [0] https://dirtybubblemedia.substack.com/p/ftxed-the-tangled-
         | ti... [1] https://dirtybubblemedia.substack.com/p/is-alameda-
         | research-... [2]
         | https://dirtybubblemedia.substack.com/p/celsius-networks-uns...
        
           | vgatherps wrote:
           | You've literally not responded to a single comment I had
        
         | kamranjon wrote:
         | I think the article was suggesting that the volume of trading
         | exceeded the store of assets on Binance.US and as such required
         | funds be transferred from Binance proper because it had a much
         | better volume:exchange ratio.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Right - and the Binance.US TOS tries to maintain that they
           | are _not_ related parties with Binance even though they share
           | common owners:
           | 
           |  _As part of an effort to offer digital asset trading
           | technology to its customers through the Binance.US platform,
           | BAM Trading entered into licensing agreements with Binance
           | Holdings Limited ( "Binance"), which operates the world's
           | largest digital asset exchange. BAM Trading and Binance share
           | common majority ownership, but are not within the same
           | corporate structure._
           | 
           | The article is exactly right afaict.
        
           | vgatherps wrote:
           | This doesn't follow - if I'm an HFT firm I'll turnover the
           | same assets many times back and forth.
        
         | np- wrote:
         | I have no dog in the fight, but I did find it interesting that
         | the top comment on HN for the Alameda article written by this
         | very exact author was very similar in tone completely
         | dismissing the article and saying it's total nonsense, and that
         | the author knows nothing. As we all found out a few days later,
         | the article was 100% on the nose. So reasonably, it seems we HN
         | readers would have to take the total outright dismissal of this
         | article with a grain of salt...
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33464494
        
           | vgatherps wrote:
           | Your link is to the parent post, not, me, but:
           | 
           | " nobody knows what the liabilities are. At one extreme, if
           | the liabilities are all cash, alameda is in a dire place. At
           | the other, if the liabilities are just the tokens on their
           | balance sheet, there's nothing particularly interesting. "
           | 
           | Is obviously not a total dismissal - I'm on mobile so can't
           | scroll around to find my other one but it largely says the
           | same thing.
           | 
           | Also, if you can't really imply anything other than "I'm a
           | shill because I said the balance sheet wasn't certain
           | evidence of insolvency", what's the point? Shill accusations
           | are explicitly called out by dang and the rules for this
           | reason
        
             | np- wrote:
             | Never implied that you are a shill at all. Just that I have
             | noticed a common theme on HackerNews where people tend to
             | comment as if they "know it all" (and maybe you do, how do
             | I know). I just want to make aware that this article writer
             | has earned credibility, and as a layman I am much more
             | willing to put a higher weight on the article than a rando
             | taking it down and calling it garbage based on what doesn't
             | seem to be any special insight into the situation.
        
       | shockeychap wrote:
       | This looks like a potentially huge revelation. The wallet
       | analysis looks sound, and, if correct, the implications of US
       | customer funds being comingled in this manner could set the stage
       | for an even worse scenario for US customers than that of FTX.
       | Even SBF in all his criminality knew not to play AS fast and
       | loose with US customer funds as he did with international, and
       | John Ray has indicated that US customers will fare much better
       | overall than others.
        
         | mr90210 wrote:
         | "Even SBF in all his criminality knew not to play"
         | 
         | Even what? Really?
        
           | heartbeats wrote:
           | According to John J. Ray, the clean-up guy, FTX.us is
           | solvent, or at least more so than the FTX.com silo.
        
             | kwantam wrote:
             | Do you have a source for this? I'd really love to read more
             | about it.
             | 
             | My impression from Ray's congressional testimony was
             | "FTX.us might be solvent, but we don't know yet because the
             | forensic accountants are still chipping away". But I was
             | only half focused and am not confident I remember
             | correctly.
        
               | shockeychap wrote:
               | I had originally heard it during the congressional
               | testimony, but given that it's over three hours long, I
               | don't know exactly where.
               | 
               | The gist of what was said, is that a lawmaker cited
               | something about FTX.US being "98% solvent" and asked John
               | for confirmation of this. John stated that he couldn't
               | give any figures at the moment, but there was generally
               | truth to the statement that U.S. customers would be hurt
               | less than others.
               | 
               | Here's an article that touches on it.
               | 
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-13/ftx-s-
               | us-...
        
         | 411111111111111 wrote:
         | Total nonsense. FTX made no distinctions, neither by contract
         | nor by country of origin.
         | 
         | They'll pay out people from the US first for sure, but that's
         | just how the bankruptcy process works and there likely won't be
         | anything left by the time the queue moved down to foreign
         | holders. But the reason you've provided is just plain fake news
        
           | ferminaut wrote:
           | > TX made no distinctions, neither by contract nor by country
           | of origin.
           | 
           | Apparently there was special rules for Japan. The regulations
           | were a result of Mt Gox failing. Basically you cant comingle
           | funds and the accounts need to be linked to a trusted third
           | party.
           | 
           | https://www.coindesk.com/consensus-
           | magazine/2022/12/13/japan...
        
       | dieselgate wrote:
       | The whole thing about being "a wholly separate entity" in the
       | context of binance and ftx us/intl. is such legal line to
       | distract people. SBF in an interview mentioned ftx us and intl.
       | have different "principal addresses and everything" for the two
       | companies. I started a business a few months ago (details not
       | important here) and hire a registered agent service to also serve
       | as my principal address (details not important really but I rent
       | and cannot use my residential address for these business
       | purposes). So yes legally they're separate entities but that
       | really doesn't mean much in a functional sense.
        
       | Mistletoe wrote:
       | Why does it keep referring to Binance.us as a trick or ploy? It
       | is the only way to use Binance for investors in the USA. Like
       | most exchanges long ago they kicked all the USA based people off.
       | Then exchanges were created that fulfilled USA regulations and
       | rules. Typically coins that could be securities aren't included.
       | Exchanges like Binance.us, FTX.us were created. Americans without
       | a VPN haven't been able to use exchanges Bitmex, Binance.com,
       | FTX.com etc. for a long time. This isn't a ploy or trick any more
       | than a separate website for GDPR countries is a trick.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Any examples of those separate websites for GDPR countries?
         | 
         | The thing I most frequently come across is companies that more
         | or less outright admit that without tracking their users they
         | can not make the numbers work or that they refuse to abide by
         | the law and so they block EU citizens outright.
        
           | kasey_junk wrote:
           | Nit: blocking EU citizens is not refusing to abide by the
           | law. It's one of several perfectly valid compliance
           | approaches.
        
         | Gwypaas wrote:
         | Because they are not keeping your money/stocks/tokens/whatever
         | like they promised and should. Like all real brokers do. A bank
         | run can not happen for a broker.
         | 
         | It is like Vanguard sending your money to their hypothetical
         | Chinese subsidiary because that is where they think the market
         | is most efficient. Then when the Chinese government seizes that
         | company's accounts, you are shit out of luck because your money
         | is not where it is supposed to be, and the US entity is
         | bankrupt.
        
           | rileymat2 wrote:
           | Not exactly, you should dig deeper, many brokers do use your
           | shares. If you agree to it... and you very well could have
           | not reading fine print.
           | 
           | "To be clear, your brokerage firm cannot lend out your stocks
           | without your permission. However, you may have signed a
           | customer agreement that explicitly allows your broker to lend
           | out your securities. This clause is often tucked deep within
           | the customer agreement, and few investors pay much attention
           | to it."
           | 
           | https://www.sonnlaw.com/faq/can-my-broker-lend-my-shares/
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | Those shares would still list you as the beneficial owner
             | at Cede though so if the broker becomes insolvent (perhaps
             | due to counterparty risk from short sellers) your shares
             | are not available to other creditors and continue to be
             | yours.
        
           | pooper wrote:
           | The whole concept makes no sense for me.
           | 
           | If someone deposits cash, don't offer any interest. Keep it
           | as cash (or something backed by the US dollar).
           | 
           | I can give Vanguard USD 5000 and feel safe thinking I can buy
           | VTSAX anytime.
           | 
           | This is all these exchanges need to do. Just execute lots of
           | trades and you will make a few pennies every time.
           | 
           | Why is it so difficult?
        
             | drexlspivey wrote:
             | That's not difficult, it's what Coinbase and Kraken do. But
             | what if you want to offer derivative products that are
             | leveraged by default where someone can deposit 5k and wants
             | to buy 30k worth of a shitcoin that can drop 90% in a day?
        
               | cuteboy19 wrote:
               | Where is the proof that kraken does it?
        
               | drexlspivey wrote:
               | They are reportedly preparing for an IPO so presumably it
               | will be in their S-1
        
             | DebtDeflation wrote:
             | Because >90% of crypto exchange volume is just fake wash
             | trades that don't generate fees for the exchange.
             | 
             | SBF laid out in detail how crypto exchanges actually make
             | money back in an April interview:
             | 
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-25/sam-
             | bankm...
        
               | almostkorean wrote:
               | This article has nothing to do with how crypto exchanges
               | make money. They make money from trading fees. Let's say
               | your claim about wash trades is true, why wouldn't the
               | exchange make money from those fake trades?
               | 
               | To answer GPs question, legit exchanges do spend a lot of
               | money and effort on keeping user's assets secure so it's
               | maybe not as easy as it seems. But in the case of FTX, I
               | totally agree. FTX was like 2nd or 3rd highest volume
               | exchange and could have been a highly profitable business
               | on it's own. Only SBF knows the answer to why that wasn't
               | enough.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >SBF laid out in detail how crypto exchanges actually
               | make money back in an April interview:
               | 
               | >https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-25/sam-
               | bankm...
               | 
               | "exchange" is mentioned exactly zero times in the
               | article. However, I'll let that slide as presumably you
               | meant to imply that exchanges make money through yield
               | farming, which also doesn't make sense because yield
               | farming doesn't involve the participation of exchanges at
               | all. As mentioned in the article, the concept is that a
               | smart contract accepts deposits and hands out tokens,
               | which constitute the yield. No part of that requires
               | exchanges.
        
               | DebtDeflation wrote:
               | You seem to be under the impression that a crypto
               | exchange is like a modern day stock or commodities
               | exchange. It is not. It's much more akin to a hybrid of
               | an 1860's era wildcat bank and a 1900's era bucket shop.
               | Their main business is NOT executing crypto trades on
               | behalf of customers no matter what they might say.
        
               | Mistletoe wrote:
               | You really need to provide some citations. The fees are
               | actually extremely lucrative, check the Coinbase filings
               | during the bull run. The FTX trading fees were massive as
               | well and is one of the reasons SBF is a profound idiot.
               | He could have banked those fees forever but he wanted
               | more and more gains so went to the dark side trading and
               | using user funds and of course losing them.
               | 
               | > The (FTX) crypto exchange's revenue soared more than
               | 1,000% from $89 million to $1.02 billion in 2021.
        
               | HDThoreaun wrote:
               | Crypto exchanges have nothing to do with yield farming.
               | They make money on fees and probably buying bonds with
               | dollars left in accounts.
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | You'll never get rich thinking like that.
        
             | blitzar wrote:
             | > Why is it so difficult?
             | 
             | Well while you are deciding if you are going to buy
             | something with your 5k or not, I, a gigabrain genius, can
             | take your 5k and buy the latest mooning stable dog coin and
             | turn it into 50k gaurantteeed and when you want to buy your
             | shares sell it for massive gainz and keep the 45k I made
             | for myself.
        
             | jeroenhd wrote:
             | Crypto is unregulated so there's nothing stopping you from
             | doing more than just profiting off of transaction costs.
             | Why get rich slowly when you can get rich quickly? During
             | the height of the cryptocurrency craze, everyone was making
             | huge profits using this business model. I assume the
             | profits stopped when the market shrunk, putting shady
             | companies (slightly) below solvency.
             | 
             | It's hard to compete in a market where big, scummy brokers
             | will ask no transaction fees because they use their
             | customers' assets to speculate and profit. Had they
             | switched tactics to a transaction fee based approach,
             | they'd risk large customers taking their assets to another
             | broker, which can cause insolvency problems to become
             | visible. Switching business models after having your shady
             | business model collapse may not be an option!
             | 
             | I think you can make a decent amount of profit in the
             | cryptocurrency market by just doing the thing that's normal
             | for real brokers, but you'll need quite soms scale to
             | become seriously profitable. You'll also need to prove
             | somehow that your nee company is the real deal unlike all
             | of your shady competitors.
             | 
             | There are probably real exchanges out there, completely
             | solvent and doing honest trades, but without large volumes
             | you'll probably never hear of them. The most risky
             | businesses will make the most money, provide the cheapest
             | service, and get most of the attention, at the risk of
             | collapsing and taking the price of their speculative assets
             | down with them.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | Coinbase lost its shirt last quarter doing that. Even in
             | the traditional finance worlds the exchanges have to be
             | extremely consolidated and offer myriads of products to
             | make it.
        
               | Mistletoe wrote:
               | The crypto market imploded last quarter, that is to be
               | expected. Brian Armstrong and Coinbase have been in this
               | through multiple cycles and know how it goes. Coinbase
               | still has 5.4 billion in cash to make it through the
               | tough times and make lots of money on the next crypto
               | manic cycle. Based on previous cycles, the bottom is
               | already in for crypto. Think of crypto bull runs like the
               | holiday season for retail businesses. It's where they
               | make their money.
               | 
               | https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/COIN/coinbase-
               | glob...
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | > Based on previous cycles, the bottom is already in for
               | crypto.
               | 
               | Why would you base any crypto predictions on previous
               | cycles? Has the crypto market ever experienced a cycle
               | with high inflation and rising interest rates?
        
         | chessgecko wrote:
         | The trick is that they pretended they were compliant with us
         | regulations when they weren't. Some users probably don't mind
         | this, but if there are issues they might change their mind.
        
         | Sakos wrote:
         | Did you read the post at all?
         | 
         | > Binance.US was described as a separate entity from Binance
         | that was merely licensing the name and certain features from
         | the main company.
         | 
         | > In public, Zhao said the new U.S. exchange - called
         | Binance.US - was a "fully independent entity." In reality, Zhao
         | controlled Binance.US, directing its management from abroad,
         | according to regulatory filings from 2020, company messages and
         | interviews with former team members. An adviser, in a message
         | to Binance executives, described the U.S. exchange as a "de
         | facto subsidiary."
         | 
         | > These public issues have led many to wonder whether Binance
         | and Binance.US are truly separate entities. We can now report
         | that based on blockchain transfers, market data, and company
         | disclosures, it appears that there is no meaningful separation
         | between the two firms. In fact, we show that Binance.US both
         | transfers customer deposits to Binance and pays customer
         | withdrawals using transfers back from the offshore exchange's
         | wallets. Further, we demonstrate that trades allegedly
         | happening on Binance.US's exchange are likely being conducted
         | directly on the main Binance exchange.
         | 
         | > It turned out that Binance US apparently didn't have enough
         | USDT in its wallets to pay back customers for several hours.
         | 
         | > However, Binance.US apparently had to pull money from the
         | main Binance exchange to pay back customer withdrawals. In
         | other words, Binance.US customers were paid back using funds
         | transferred from the offshore Binance exchange! We must ask,
         | why were U.S. customer assets held in Binance addresses?
         | 
         | > We conclude that a significant portion of Binance.US customer
         | deposits are commingled with other deposits on Binance's main
         | exchange.
         | 
         | > Our data suggest that Binance.US's "market maker" is a single
         | pair of addresses that exclusively transfer funds between
         | Binance and Binance.US. These addresses move customer assets
         | from the U.S.-based exchange to the much larger offshore entity
         | to perform trades. This means that for all practical purposes,
         | there is no real difference between having your money with
         | Binance.US or directly with Binance. Given that Binance was
         | barred from doing business in the United States, it certainly
         | appears that Binance.US is little more than a convenient
         | fiction to evade regulators.
         | 
         | > In reality, Binance.US appears to be little more than a
         | facade to obfuscate the fact that an unregulated offshore
         | crypto business currently under investigation for money
         | laundering and sanctions violations is doing business in the
         | United States despite being banned from the country.
         | 
         | The post explains quite clearly why they call it a trick.
         | 
         | If I use Vanguard in the US, it is a completely separate entity
         | from Vanguard in Europe. This is to ensure they meet the
         | regulations of where they're operating. This is standard
         | operating procedure. What Binance is doing is not.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | Imagine you set up a seperate GDPR compliant site to keep the
         | regulators happy, then behind the scenes transferred the
         | customer info to the standard site and just continued to do all
         | the stuff the GDPR tells you not to.
         | 
         | Thats what they are alleging here, and why the supposedly
         | seperate company is just a trick.
        
         | piva00 wrote:
         | > This isn't a ploy or trick any more than a separate website
         | for GDPR countries is a trick.
         | 
         | If the EU citizens data is sneakily transferred out of
         | jurisdiction and used without consent it's a trick and illegal
         | by the GDPR.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | I don't see the point of trying to take down Binance by spreading
       | fud. If Coinbase is all that s left, then what is the point of
       | having bitcoin at all, if it is going to be as regulated as the
       | dollar. This would render coinbase redundant too
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | I'm shocked shocked to find that commingling funds is going on
       | here!
       | 
       | We haven't even hit the real recession in the broader economy
       | yet.
        
       | simple-thoughts wrote:
       | To be frank, the evidence here is quite slim. It would be
       | expected that market making funds would operate on both binance
       | and binance.us and transfer funds between them either to provide
       | liquidity or conduct arbitration. That's not to say you should
       | trust Binance, all centralized exchanges are suspect and CZ
       | himself has said that eventually dex will supersede cex.
        
         | sjsdaiuasgdia wrote:
         | We should definitely not trust CZ because he said Binance.US is
         | an independent entity then he ran it as a subsidiary. That's a
         | pretty solid lie and also solidly explained in the article.
         | 
         | An independent entity operating as an exchange might do market
         | making activities with many other exchanges. It seems
         | Binance.US only does that with Binance.
         | 
         | An independent entity operating as an exchange should be
         | directly responsible for and in possession of customer funds
         | that have been deposited with them. Binance.US couldn't fulfill
         | withdrawals without Binance's help. That should not ever be
         | necessary if these are separate entities.
        
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