[HN Gopher] January 1, 2023 is Public Domain Day: Works from 192...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       January 1, 2023 is Public Domain Day: Works from 1927 are open to
       all
        
       Author : CharlesW
       Score  : 706 points
       Date   : 2022-12-20 20:50 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (web.law.duke.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (web.law.duke.edu)
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | Fun copyright fact: content created today by anyone under 20 is
       | likely to still enjoy copyright protection in the year 2151, when
       | Star Trek Enterprise is set.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
        
       | santiagobasulto wrote:
       | Excuse my ignorance: does this mean that anybody can "legally"
       | (for example) torrent-download Metropolis? Or that can be a
       | "free" Netflix-alternative created today with movies that are
       | part of the public domain?
       | 
       | Edit: a lot of answers, thanks! But still, still kinda discussed.
       | It certainly is an interesting topic.
        
         | m348e912 wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5BBnMCAIuQg It's available on
         | YouTube. I don't think the copyright owners care too much at
         | this point to have it taken down.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Broadly, yes.
         | 
         | But there are details you'd want to ask a lawyer about. Things
         | like if you rip one of those movies from a DVD, and that DVD
         | was made more recently, you have to be careful not to include
         | any creative work done more recently - for example an adjusted
         | end credits sequence, coloring, restoration work, or minor re-
         | editing.
        
           | chr-s wrote:
           | You'll often find these old silent movies with a more
           | recently recorded soundtrack which may still be under
           | copyright.
           | 
           | For truly free film, I believe you'd need to scan a print of
           | the film. I'd be interested to know of any efforts to obtain
           | and host truly free archival copies of these old films.
        
         | roflc0ptic wrote:
         | yes, you can now legally torrent metropolis. You can also make
         | derivative works (e.g. you personally could make Metropolis 2:
         | The Reckoning!) without fear of consequence.
        
         | niij wrote:
         | yes
         | 
         | From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain :
         | 
         | > Because those rights have expired, anyone can legally use or
         | reference those works without permission.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | Yes. In fact, I wouldn't be surprised if Internet Archive
         | already has torrents of public domain film.
         | 
         | There's also Project Gutenberg and Standard Ebooks for public
         | domain books. Wikimedia Commons has a huge archive of public
         | domain images and sound recordings.
        
           | jonah-archive wrote:
           | We're having a contest to remix public domain material that
           | will be judged at our in-person Public Domain Day party on
           | January 20th! Check it out:
           | http://blog.archive.org/2022/11/30/public-domain-
           | day-2023-re...
        
         | nightpool wrote:
         | Yes and yes (in fact, there are already plenty of websites you
         | can find out there that do that--many of them seem to just be
         | ads-filled scraper sites hotlinking / embedding from
         | archive.org)
        
         | bricemo wrote:
         | I am also trying to figure out what the average person would do
         | differently with this information. It is cool and good, but I
         | feel like if I wanted to experience any of these I would still
         | go buy on Amazon Prime video or pull it up on Spotify or
         | torrent. Is there a big change in consumer experience?
        
         | bobsmooth wrote:
         | Not only can you legally download it, you can burn it to disk
         | and sell copies if you wanted to.
        
           | KVFinn wrote:
           | >Not only can you legally download it, you can burn it to
           | disk and sell copies if you wanted to.
           | 
           | What about a derivative work? Like if somebody recreated the
           | film Metropolis into a 3D version, scene by scene. Ultimately
           | the same film but using Blender or whatever so every scene is
           | perfect as a 3D movie. Is that new film copyrighted to the
           | person who did this work now?
        
       | easybake wrote:
       | r-r-r-remix...
        
       | 33955985 wrote:
       | Copyright should be life of the author/s full stop.
        
         | loonster wrote:
         | No publisher would want to sign a contract with an author that
         | isn't likely to live much longer. It needs to be either a fixed
         | amount, or Life + something.
        
           | ars wrote:
           | It should be life of author or 40 years, whichever comes
           | later.
           | 
           | Corporations and the like get 40 years.
        
         | t-writescode wrote:
         | That would not protect the author's family in case they died
         | shortly after they wrote their final book "to help their family
         | survive".
         | 
         | It also would encourage authors to have "unexpected deaths".
         | 
         | I'm a fan of 20 + 20.
        
           | 33955985 wrote:
           | Then make your children co-authors.
        
         | chihuahua wrote:
         | But then we'd get sob stories about how this condemns Walt
         | Disney's great-great-grandchildren to starving in the street.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | gus_massa wrote:
           | You also get sob stories about the children of a famous
           | singer that just died in a plane accident at the top of their
           | carrier.
        
       | LAC-Tech wrote:
       | Hmm, how hard is Der Steppenwolf to read? I'm a (lapsed)
       | intermediate level German speaker, but I remember reading the
       | first bit of it in English in high school and liking it.
       | 
       | Also, https://www.fadedpage.com/ has stuff freely available under
       | Canadian copyright law, which seems to have stuff from the 50s
       | (70 years maybe?).
        
       | ALittleLight wrote:
       | It's absolutely shameful that public domain has been pushed so
       | far back. I say make it ten years max.
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | The Berne Convention (an international agreement) requires at
         | least 50 years of protection, and the US signed it. But 50 is a
         | lot less than 95.
        
           | incompatible wrote:
           | Copyright enthusiasts have done their best to have the 50 or
           | 70 year term written into as many trade agreements as
           | possible, e.g., WTO.
           | 
           | However, the US probably has enough weight that other
           | countries would just have to adapt if it wanted a shorter
           | term, but at present there's no evidence of much political
           | efforts for one.
        
           | hakfoo wrote:
           | I always wondered what strings hold the Berne Convention (and
           | similar treaties) together. It seems like they got adopted by
           | incredibly broad swathes of countries-- ones with wildly
           | different social and economic needs and norms. Why would
           | countries that can't even agree on any other nuts-and-bolts
           | matter suddenly all line up to defend Mickey Mouse?
           | 
           | My first guess was promises of reciprocality, but that seems
           | like a hard sell to countries without a meaningful IP
           | economy.
           | 
           | I can't imagine it being enforced with bullets. There's no
           | way to rally troops to defend a copyright that doesn't make
           | you look like the bad guy.
           | 
           | Was it smuggled in as part of other trade agreements? (If you
           | want to sell us $resource_you_actually_have, you have to also
           | agree to worship the almighty circled C?)
        
             | DoughnutHole wrote:
             | It was initially signed as a standalone agreement 150 years
             | ago for the sake of reciprocity - rightsholders in
             | different European countries were unhappy with pirate
             | publishers over the border selling their works without
             | payment.
             | 
             | Today though pretty much everything in the Berne Convention
             | is part of agreements you have to implement to join the
             | World Trade Organisation, which is a pretty big motivation
             | to abide by it.
        
           | mod50ack wrote:
           | 50 years of protection after the death of the author.
        
             | twiddling wrote:
             | If AI is the author then what?
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | Nothing AI created can have copyright under current law.
        
               | mod50ack wrote:
               | In the US, indeed. But in the UK the runner of AI can
               | hold a copyright. Which I think is stupid but that's
               | hardly the first dumb copyright thing.
        
               | not2b wrote:
               | For something like img2img with Stable Diffusion, if the
               | starting image is copyrighted by someone else I'd expect
               | that the output image is a derivative work of the
               | starting image.
        
               | mod50ack wrote:
               | The question is about new copyright in both cases, not
               | subsisting copyright. You hold the copyright to the
               | elements originating with you in a derivative work.
        
               | gnopgnip wrote:
               | The author is the one that records it, not the tool used
               | to create it.
        
             | not2b wrote:
             | It's 70 in the US now. From the US Copyright Office: "As a
             | general rule, for works created after January 1, 1978,
             | copyright protection lasts for the life of the author plus
             | an additional 70 years. For an anonymous work, a
             | pseudonymous work, or a work made for hire, the copyright
             | endures for a term of 95 years from the year of its first
             | publication or a term of 120 years from the year of its
             | creation, whichever expires first. For works first
             | published prior to 1978, the term will vary depending on
             | several factors."
        
               | mod50ack wrote:
               | Yes, I know. The requirement of the Berne convention is
               | 50 years after death. The US goes twenty years beyond
               | that.
        
       | Thorentis wrote:
       | Our current copyright is far far too long. 20 years would be far
       | more reasonable. We can talk about side issues all we want, but
       | at the end of the day, copyright is about protecting the ability
       | to generate profit. 20 years is more than enough time to profit
       | from creative works. Are we as a society really saying that 75+
       | years is how much time people ought to be profiting from creative
       | works? An absurd proposition in almost any other industry or
       | pursuit.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | OTOH, there's a huge amount of content out there that's
         | _formally_ and _legally_ in the public domain already but not
         | really findable /discoverable via detailed cataloging, or
         | easily usable (and reusable) by 21st-c. standards. Zillions of
         | random page scans up on Google Books, Hathitrust and the
         | Internet Archive. If what you genuinely care about is expanding
         | access to the legacy of our intellectual history, the low-
         | hanging fruit really is very low.
         | 
         | Beyond clear cases like ensuring preservation of materials that
         | are obviously at risk, it's kinda hard to argue and lobby for a
         | shorter copyright term when we're collectively ignoring what's
         | long been available for the taking.
        
           | bentley wrote:
           | I really don't understand your justification here. A
           | consequence of Sturgeon+ is that most public domain material
           | was unpopular in its day, and only a small fraction of that
           | is relevant to most people in 2022. Why does that imply
           | copyright terms shouldn't be shortened?
           | 
           | If anything, I argue the opposite: preservation, indexing,
           | and curation are all possible and _happening_ on an
           | absolutely unimaginable scale thanks to today's technology.
           | You see zillions of page scans as a failure because they
           | haven't been perfectly curated--I view these zillions as an
           | incredible success because now they _can_ be curated. The
           | single biggest retardant to a grand unified index of media is
           | available human effort, but the next biggest is copyright
           | that carves a decades-wide chunk out of otherwise preservable
           | works. Reducing copyright terms would not just make more
           | works available to be copied; I believe it would stimulate
           | interest in preservation and curation by easing access to
           | works that are more relevant to average people of today.
           | 
           | + Sturgeon's Law: "90% of everything is crap."
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > and only a small fraction of that is relevant to most
             | people in 2022
             | 
             | How could you tell, when most of it hasn't even been
             | seriously looked at by anyone? Good cataloging is key to
             | making existing material more relevant to more people.
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | Google Books tried to catalogue books. And then had to
               | spend 10 years in courts because copyright
               | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/court-ruling-
               | legal...
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | The whole point of focusing on public domain content is
               | that you don't get dragged to court over that.
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | There are several issues:
               | 
               | - what's "public domain" changes, sometimes retroactively
               | 
               | - orphan works https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan_works
               | _in_the_United_Sta...
        
               | matkoniecz wrote:
               | > The whole point of focusing on public domain content is
               | that you don't get dragged to court over that.
               | 
               | Are you familiar with litigation related to Project
               | Gutenberg?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gutenberg#Copyright
               | 
               | > The website was not accessible within Germany, as a
               | result of a court order from S. Fischer Verlag regarding
               | the works of Heinrich Mann, Thomas Mann and Alfred
               | Doblin. Although they were in the public domain in the
               | United States, the German court (Frankfurt am Main
               | Regional Court) recognized the infringement of copyrights
               | still active in Germany, and asserted that the Project
               | Gutenberg website was under German jurisdiction because
               | it hosts content in the German language and is accessible
               | in Germany.[25] This judgment was confirmed by the
               | Frankfurt Court of Appeal on 30 April 2019 (11 U
               | 27/18[26]). The Frankfurt Court of Appeal has not given
               | permission for a further appeal to the Federal Court of
               | Justice (Bundesgerichtshof), however, an application for
               | permission to appeal has been filed with the Federal
               | Court of Justice. As of 4 October 2020 that application
               | was still pending (Federal Court of Justice I ZR 97/19).
               | According to Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
               | Foundation,[27] "In October 2021, the parties reached a
               | settlement agreement. Under the terms of the agreement,
               | Project Gutenberg eBooks by the three authors will be
               | blocked from Germany until their German copyright
               | expires. Under the terms of the settlement, the all-
               | Germany block is no longer in place. Other terms of the
               | settlement are confidential."
               | 
               | > The website has been blocked in Italy since May
               | 2020.[28]
        
         | clarkmoody wrote:
         | As it stands, all the myths of our culture are only allowed to
         | be told by giant media conglomerates. Nobody but the House of
         | Mouse, for instance, can tell the stories of Darth, Luke, Han,
         | and Yoda.
        
         | vhiremath4 wrote:
         | All of this IP law was written well before the large-scale
         | adoption of the internet which has greatly accelerated the
         | proliferation of ideas and and largely commoditized ingenuity.
         | It's insane we haven't lowered the current timeline. Some
         | commenters are mentioning the current folks in power who stand
         | to lose a lot pushing back on change. That's probably the most
         | plausible reason I can think of but curious of any others.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | Another point is software has a short shelf life. 10 years,
         | maybe. What's the point of 75 year copyright protection for
         | software?
         | 
         | Books - the sales fall off a cliff after a year.
        
         | sfifs wrote:
         | Life expectancy is 2.5X what it was when these laws were first
         | conceived and the majority of creative people have a relatively
         | short peak creative period where most of their valuable output
         | comes - eg. Typical recording artists last no more than 10
         | years & to be able to achieve their peak, they have to often
         | give up on things that promise stable careers for people
         | (advanced college degrees, internships and starter roles in the
         | 20s) not in the creative industry. So why not let them enjoy
         | the benefits of their creativity through royalty in their old
         | age if someone streams their song decades later? There are a
         | lot of senior artists who would be facing very significant
         | hardship if not for their royalties. You can see this much more
         | often in athletes who don't have a royalty stream.
        
           | thehappypm wrote:
           | Life expectancy was mostly shorter due to infant mortality.
           | The average person who made it to 5 years old didn't have an
           | expectation to die at 35 at all.
        
           | p1necone wrote:
           | What about a compromise where the original works (and
           | republishing verbatim) are protected for the life of the
           | creator, but derivative works (e.g. writing a new novel with
           | the same characters/setting) are only prevented from being
           | created for 10-20 years?
        
         | jjcm wrote:
         | I'm not fully convinced 20 years is the right answer. Things
         | made 20 years ago are still often in pop-culture (The Matrix
         | Trilogy, the first 7 seasons of South Park, the first 5 Harry
         | Potter books), and these entering the public domain would
         | create significant pressure to avoid the names of these series
         | becoming legally generic. Managing the rights of these also
         | feels like it would create significant stress on platforms
         | trying to stem off piracy - is that 5 min clip from the
         | Simpsons from seasons 1-15 (legal), or 15-34 (illegal)?
         | 
         | Somewhere between the two feels more significant. Few series
         | will run that long, and anything that does enter the public
         | domain will be unambiguous due to its look, feel, and sound.
         | Something like the original Star Wars (45 years old) is clearly
         | older and is distinct from modern media in its look and feel.
         | Something like The Lord of the Rings on the otherhand is hard
         | to differentiate.
        
           | _carbyau_ wrote:
           | 20 years is plenty.
           | 
           | Even if the IP is continuing to be used by the original
           | creators, they can set the "canon" while competition might
           | force them to do a decent job of using the IP in future.
           | 
           | For example, the Matrix. It had definitively entered the
           | cultural meme pool after 20 years. If other creators could
           | make money telling stories from that universe - whether
           | through images, music, video - then the populace at large
           | wanted that content. And if film number 4,5,6 are any good
           | they make money as well.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | You're only looking at the commercial value of copyright -
           | making sure an IP stays as profitable as possible for as long
           | as possible. But cultural value is just as, if not more,
           | important, as is the premise (lost in modern society) that
           | culture should be driven by people rather than manufactured
           | by corporations.
           | 
           | Copyright should end soon enough for public adoption of a
           | work to still be culturally significant, even if that
           | interferes with its market viability.
        
             | dahart wrote:
             | > Copyright should end soon enough for public adoption of a
             | work to still be culturally significant, even if that
             | interferes with its market viability.
             | 
             | Why? That notion is not part of the current reasoning
             | behind copyright, and I don't buy that it should be. Feel
             | free to make a case for it.
             | 
             | It seems like this idea could backfire dramatically in
             | today's fast-paced meme-based globally connected
             | environment. It could be used to argue that copyrights
             | should end the moment something becomes popular, which
             | would undermine both the economic protection for the
             | author, as well as the greater social good force to
             | incentivize creating new and culturally relevant work. It
             | could lead to the opposite of what you say you want, it
             | could lead to lower overall cultural value.
        
             | jjcm wrote:
             | What I'm looking at is the _clarity_ value of copyright -
             | do I know what things are and aren 't copyrighted? I'm
             | working on a social media startup right now, and managing
             | copyright is tricky as it is. My concern here is that if
             | copyright were only 20 years, removing copyrighted content
             | would become even harder, making it even more difficult to
             | compete with Meta / Google / etc.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | I can't imagine finding out if something is older than 20
               | years would be prohibitively expensive - especially when
               | those other platforms would have to do the same thing
               | were copyright limits to change, meaning infrastructure
               | would probably rapidly be developed to enable it. Most
               | platforms don't even care, and Google just lets anyone
               | claim anything and leaves it to the claimants to sort
               | out.
        
             | ROTMetro wrote:
             | And then people won't release their works. Why should I
             | invest time/energy/my money/long nights not spent having
             | fun to create something that I won't own, have control
             | over, or profit from? What is my incentive. Sure, some
             | people are down for that, but we created copyright laws
             | because otherwise we miss out on a ton of valuable stuff to
             | society, more valuable than handing over copyright works to
             | the public. Society decided this and has benefited hugely
             | (as in hands). You want to re-write the rules because 'it
             | doesn't work' makes no sense. We have record amounts of IP
             | being created, how does it not work? Are there not books
             | being written? So it's working. Are there movies being
             | made? So it's working. Are there video games being made? So
             | it's working. Is there music being made? So it's working.
             | Are business processes being improved? So it's working.
             | Show HOW it's not working on a level that we risk
             | destroying all of that creation and those creators
             | livelihoods and incomes. And not 'it's not working, 20
             | years only!'. That is not an argument.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | >Why should I invest time/energy/my money/long nights not
               | spent having fun to create something that I won't own,
               | have control over, or profit from?
               | 
               | You get an exclusive monopoly and profit for twenty
               | years, that seems long enough. Expecting the gravy train
               | to run for the rest of your life, if not longer, is
               | excessive. And I disagree with the premise that all human
               | creative effort would cease were that to change.
               | 
               | >You want to re-write the rules because 'it doesn't work'
               | makes no sense.
               | 
               | I don't know why you're quoting an argument I didn't
               | make, or why you wasted the bulk of your comment
               | rebutting it.
        
               | realusername wrote:
               | First there's a lot of content which isn't produced
               | because of the restrictions, you just don't see it.
               | Remixes, different takes into existing content.
               | 
               | Secondly and this is where the current system fails the
               | hardest is that you have to preserve culture.
               | 
               | Most of the older niche content is actually preserved by
               | piracy right now and would be gone otherwise. There's no
               | way to preserve content in the current model, content is
               | just created and then thrown away.
        
             | Beldin wrote:
             | I'm not sure what you mean with "culturally significant
             | public adoption".
             | 
             | Whatever the definition, I'd probably argue that the movie
             | _The Matrix_ succeeded, even though it 's still under
             | copyright. That is: long copyright need not preclude that.
             | 
             | More to the point, I also don't mind long copyrights per
             | se. if an individual produced a work that ensures a steady
             | income for the rest of their life, I prefer that individual
             | enjoying those benefits over having a free-for-all. Eg, in
             | my opinion, a one-hit-wonder from the 80s should still
             | profit from their one hit if that hit still generated
             | profits.
             | 
             | That applies to individuals/small groups though, not for
             | media companies. That is, I don't want the folks
             | responsible for works that are still in our hearts and
             | minds decades later to miss out; don't care much for
             | businesses after initial run.
        
         | Schroedingersat wrote:
         | I like the idea of an extension with a hefty tax. After an
         | initial period of ~10 years, you have to declare the value of
         | the IP each year and pay 10% of that p.a.
         | 
         | Anyone willing to provide your declared value to the public
         | coffers can then have it placed in the public domain.
        
         | beezle wrote:
         | If I write a best seller at age 25, I hope that I can still
         | claim my royalties past age 45. I'd also argue that heirs
         | should also have some period of exclusivity as well. Using the
         | best seller at age 25 example, were I to die an untimely death
         | at age 32 I would again hope that my very young daughter would
         | still be able to receive benefit from my creative works. So
         | author life + 20 years to the first heir (exclusively) would
         | work for me.
         | 
         | In the case of a non-human copyright holder, 50 years seems
         | reasonable can broadly comparable to that of the life of a
         | human creator.
        
           | wraptile wrote:
           | Honestly, everyone should be able to sustain themselves 20
           | years later if they can write a best seller once. If you
           | can't well then you are either extremely unlucky, have health
           | issues or are just plain lazy - we shouldn't base this
           | particular law on this.
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | Who not a guaranteed minimum of 25 years after publication
           | (for posthumous works and authors who kick the bucket shortly
           | after publication) with the expectation of lifetime of the
           | author should they live more than 25 years after publication?
           | The heirs of the long-lived authors will have to take the
           | personal responsibility to have their own creative ideas
           | instead of trading on their father's legacy.
        
           | hnfong wrote:
           | Copyright for X years since first publish makes sense.
           | Lifetime copyright makes sense too.
           | 
           | But "Lifetime + X years" just rewards those for whatever
           | reason has a longer life. There's no reason a work should be
           | protected for a longer time because the author lived longer.
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | I don't understand what "lifetime" means. What if multiple
             | people publish it?
             | 
             | How does this affect open source software? A lot of
             | software uses restrictive licenses such as AGPL. There
             | could be many people that own the copyright or an
             | organization. The intent of AGPL software is that it isn't
             | used without giving back to the community.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | > I hope that I can still claim my royalties past age 45
           | 
           | Write more best sellers then.
           | 
           | > So author life + 20 years to the first heir (exclusively)
           | would work for me.
           | 
           | Yeah, of course a life+20 year monopoly on bits is great. For
           | you. Instead of sitting down and working on more books so
           | humanity can benefit, you get to sit down and collect rent
           | from your past successes until you die. And then your
           | children get to collect that rent for 20 years. You only need
           | to strike gold once to be set for life and provide for
           | children too.
           | 
           | Why should society subsidize this absurd rent seeking? It
           | shouldn't. The social contract was "we'll pretend we can't
           | easily copy this stuff so you can make money for a few years
           | before it enters the public domain". This life time monopoly
           | bullshit is a clear violation of this contract. A society
           | whose public domain rights were robbed has zero incentive not
           | to use libgen for everything.
        
             | dahart wrote:
             | > Write more best sellers then.
             | 
             | Come on, that's flippant response to a valid point. Best-
             | sellers are a function of luck. Copyright laws are intended
             | to encourage more creative output by offering original work
             | some protection. Suggesting that individual authors should
             | have less protection and pump out more work and just get
             | lucky isn't realistic.
             | 
             | > Why should society subsidize this absurd rent seeking?
             | 
             | Calling it absurd and being outraged and incredulous
             | weakens your argument here, when this has been established
             | over centuries (millennia arguably) by many many smart
             | people.
             | 
             | The rent-seeking, as you call it, provides two functions:
             | 1) to allow time for authors to collect returns on their
             | creativity and time investment, and 2) to act as a force to
             | encourage more creative output from society. The limited
             | time monopoly that authors enjoy _is the reason_ that it
             | becomes an incentive to create new work. It should be
             | attractive to author new things and unattractive to steal
             | and publish others' work. If you make the protection period
             | too short, it won't work, it won't be an incentive, it will
             | become a disincentive and we'll get both artists going
             | broke and less creative work and more stealing. (There are
             | countries in the world today with weaker copyright laws
             | than the US that already exhibit high rates of IP theft and
             | low rates of original creative output.) I don't know what
             | social contract you're referring to, but since copyright is
             | the law, it is the de facto contract today.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | > Come on, that's flippant response to a valid point.
               | 
               | It's the best I can do when faced with people who feel
               | entitled to lifetime and _posthumous_ rent for doing a
               | bit of intelectual work. I mean, there 's an artist in
               | the comments lower on this page who wants up to
               | lifetime+100 years of rent seeking for him, his children
               | and his grand children to enjoy.
               | 
               | Keep working if you want to keep making money. That's
               | literally the most polite way I can put it.
               | 
               | > when this has been established over centuries
               | (millennia arguably) by many many smart people
               | 
               | Well, those smart people didn't exactly count on
               | computers existing. It was easy to enforce copyright when
               | you needed to be a major industry player owning expensive
               | printing presses to infringe copyright at any appreciable
               | scale. Now copyright infringement is trivial, people do
               | it without even realizing it simply because they can.
               | People infringe copyright every single time they download
               | a random picture off of some photographer's website or
               | something.
               | 
               | The world will never be like it was before and it's time
               | to accept that. Copyright is a thing of the past. To put
               | that genie back in the bottle, you'll need tyranny the
               | likes of which really ought to offend every single user
               | posting here on _Hacker_ News. It 's simply not possible
               | without destroying everything hackers stand for, the
               | computing freedom we cherish. And of course it's exactly
               | what the copyright industry is lobbying for.
               | 
               | > The limited time monopoly that authors enjoy _is the
               | reason_ that it becomes an incentive to create new work.
               | 
               | I have no idea why you think a lifetime+posthumous
               | monopoly can be considered "limited time" in any way.
               | You'll be long dead by the time it expires. It is
               | functionally infinite.
               | 
               | Limited time is 5 years, 10 at most. Then the cultural
               | works I grew up with would be public property by the time
               | I'm an adult. That's limited time. You can observe its
               | duration being limited. That's tolerable.
               | 
               | > If you make the protection period too short, it won't
               | work, it won't be an incentive
               | 
               | And making it too long creates rent seeking and robs us
               | of our public domain rights.
               | 
               | > There are countries in the world today with weaker
               | copyright laws than the US that already exhibit high
               | rates of IP theft and low rates of original creative
               | output.
               | 
               | Oh please. The countries you speak of? Many of them don't
               | even have universal basic sanitation. They have better
               | things to do than police the imaginary property of
               | americans.
               | 
               | The US Trade Office being a mouthpiece of US
               | "stakeholders" is straight up offensive. US corporations
               | using the might of the US government to sanction
               | sovereign countries. The only possible reason not to be
               | outraged is you're profiting off of this.
               | 
               | > I don't know what social contract you're referring to
               | 
               | The one that expects us to believe we can't just go to
               | libgen literally right now and download a copy of your
               | book for free.
               | 
               | Always extending copyright durations until it's
               | functionally infinite. You're not keeping up your end of
               | the public domain bargain. Why should we keep ours?
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | > Keep working if you want to keep making money.
               | 
               | FWIW, this is literally what copyright law is saying.
               | Instead of copying someone else, seeking rent for
               | something you didn't invest in, taking away from someone
               | else's investment, go make your own stuff to copy &
               | distribute & sell.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | Sure, as long as the copyright term is valid. After that,
               | the works are in the public domain where there are no
               | restrictions to what we can do with our shared culture.
               | 
               | Why do you conveniently forget that the law also talks
               | about public domain? The same public domain that
               | contained works that artists like Walt Disney drew from
               | in order to strike it rich, only to subsequently lobby
               | the government to rob us of the same rights he enjoyed
               | time and time again?
               | 
               | These functionally infinite copyright terms _rob us of
               | our rights_ and turns copyright infringement into civil
               | disobedience.
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | Not everyone can consistently write books that get popular.
             | Most authors only have a single book or series get popular
             | and the rest of their books do not sell anywhere near as
             | well.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | That doesn't justify giving them lifetime government
               | enforced monopolies. If they want to keep getting paid,
               | they should have to keep creating new works. Anything
               | else is rent seeking. Having to give them monopolies at
               | all is bad enough but the current state of copyright is
               | completely unacceptable.
               | 
               | Also, their children are owed exactly nothing by society.
               | At most they should be able to inherit still valid
               | copyrights with no change to their durations. Heirs
               | getting a completely new two decade monopoly just so they
               | could "benefit" is absurd and intolerable.
        
               | wutwutwutwut wrote:
               | How long have you lived in your house? Can I have it now?
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Nope, but you can download it.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | Really? You're gonna compare artificially scarce
               | imaginary property with real property on the real world
               | like land and physical possessions?
        
               | wutwutwutwut wrote:
               | > real property on the real world like land and physical
               | possessions
               | 
               | That's "real" only because the government enforces it. My
               | point was that the comment I replied to was ridiculous.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | It's "real" because it exists in the real world. It's
               | naturally scarce as a result since two bodies cannot
               | occupy the same space at the same time. There's only so
               | much land available.
               | 
               | It's a completely different matter compared to imaginary
               | artificially scarce cultural property which boils down to
               | ownership of unique numbers. That's what's ridiculous.
        
               | jennnyy wrote:
               | You're free to make an exact copy of it whenever you like
               | :)
        
               | wutwutwutwut wrote:
               | At least where I live, copying a house would not be
               | allowed since the specification falls under copyright. So
               | no?
        
               | nearbuy wrote:
               | Most authors have zero big hits. But authors that get one
               | hit are more likely to get future hits.
               | 
               | Most people have to work until retirement age. If you
               | happen to get a big hit that earns you enough money to
               | retire at age 28, then congratulations, you're one of the
               | lucky few. But society doesn't owe you the right to make
               | a lifetime worth of money off of a single book. You can
               | work until retirement age like everyone else.
               | 
               | Also, long copyright terms only affects retirement age
               | for a very small percentage of authors. Most authors
               | aren't well known, have no big hits, and each of their
               | books gets most of its sales in its first few years.
               | These authors have to work their whole life regardless.
               | Authors with a really big hit, like J.K. Rowling, have
               | enough money to retire after that one book, regardless of
               | whether copyright is only 20 years or longer. It only
               | makes the difference for those authors who have a small
               | hit that won't quite earn enough to retire in 20 years,
               | but will earn enough over 40-60 years. That's rare. Books
               | usually earn the vast majority of their profits in those
               | first 20 years.
        
           | onion2k wrote:
           | Things entering the public domain should be considered in the
           | context of lowering the cost of access more than the work
           | being the basis of new dirivative works. It's _far_ more
           | important that millions of people can read or watch something
           | without having to pay a fee to the publisher than it is for
           | someone to use the work as source material for a new work.
           | 
           | Copyright should be much shorter so that everyone can access
           | culturally relevant art and books even if they have very
           | little money. Right now the only option for many is piracy
           | because the works their peers are seeing work enter the
           | public domain until decades after they die.
        
         | that_guy_iain wrote:
         | Imagine creating something in your 20s and you stop earning off
         | it in your 40s. I think it should be until the death of the
         | creator.
        
           | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
           | The concept "death of the creator" is non-trivial in cases
           | where the original work is the product of division of labor.
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | As was posited in another comment, if we're encouraging
           | innovation here, that would help the point. Encourage
           | creators to have to create again.
           | 
           | As an aside - I'd imagine for most works, the vast majority
           | of earnings would come from the first 20 years. I mean,
           | people aren't flocking to the theatre to see Titanic anymore,
           | yeah? I'm sure there's some streaming deals and licenses to
           | show and whatnot, but nothing like theatre earnings.
        
             | class4behavior wrote:
             | Copyright is not the same as patents nor is innovation the
             | only or necessarily the most relevant concern.
             | 
             | Authors have rights, especially artists are often not
             | immediately discovered, and a lot of large businesses would
             | be able to suppress new works for 20 years.
        
             | PuppyTailWags wrote:
             | This shows ignorance on how creators make money. Creators
             | don't make money purely through producing new works, per
             | se. They create money with a robust set of works whose long
             | tail collectively forms enough money for them to live off
             | of. This relies on the notion that the intellectual
             | property of the creator is theirs for a significantly long
             | time. This is because the money made upfront is
             | unpredictable [a novel's upfront payment is often just a
             | few thousand dollars, but takes over a year to write, edit,
             | and produce...]
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | The "long tail" of works makes practically zero money.
               | Most of them simply go out of print and into a copyright-
               | induced memory hole. Works that still make money decades
               | after their creation are quite exceptional.
        
               | PuppyTailWags wrote:
               | This is only true in the sense that all creative people
               | are generally paid exceptionally little for their work,
               | and make practically zero money. But of those that do
               | make a living, it is through having a robust and
               | regularly selling body of work that is still paying money
               | years or decades later.
               | 
               | This is also partially why royalties were a huge fight
               | against Disney a little while ago, when Disney started to
               | refuse to pay royalties for Star Wars and Marvel works
               | after acquiring the companies that owned them. Those
               | works were still selling years/decades after their
               | original creation and those creatives were still owed
               | that money.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | So we should subject all works to extreme copyright
               | lengths on the mere off-chance that a tiny fraction of
               | them might still be making appreciable amounts of money
               | decades later? Looks like a total non-starter.
        
               | that_guy_iain wrote:
               | 20-years is nothing in the terms of the life span
               | something. If you look at a lot of the authors they spend
               | their lifes writing. Just like you'll spend more than
               | 20-years working, so will they. But it seems you want to
               | hamstright their earning rights. To me it's absolute
               | greed and stealing from the working man.
               | 
               | The entire point of allowing things to go public domain
               | is they is no need for copyright protection anylonger.
               | But if people are still earning their living off of that
               | work then someone would be getting hurt.
               | 
               | And this talk of a total non-starter. You need to explain
               | why 20-years is enough. Because it's 100+ just now. So
               | you're the one on a total non-starter.
        
               | PuppyTailWags wrote:
               | No, I'm saying 20 years is too short because _it destroys
               | the livelihoods of the already-few creatives who can make
               | a living off of their work_ , because 20 years is based
               | off of a completely ignorant idea of how creatives earn
               | livings.
        
             | aczerepinski wrote:
             | I very much agree with your general point but still feel 20
             | is too short. / Somewhere in the 30-50 range.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | Imagine thinking this is a bad deal in a world where most
           | jobs - even most creative jobs - are paycheck to paycheck.
           | 
           | Make a second thing in the 20 years you have ahead of you or
           | find other work.
        
             | that_guy_iain wrote:
             | Imagine not understanding what it would really mean.
             | 
             | I write a book.
             | 
             | For 20-years I get paid for my book. After the 20-years
             | just the publishers make money from selling my book.
             | 
             | Would it be ok if I came and took stuff you physically made
             | 20-years ago and say it's ok - you made it 20-years ago.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | >Would it be ok if I came and took stuff you physically
               | made 20-years ago and say it's ok - you made it 20-years
               | ago.
               | 
               | Yes. I would be _thrilled_ if anything I made had enough
               | cultural value after 20 years that the commons still had
               | a use for it. Better that than, say, a publisher deciding
               | it no longer has market value and simply never printing
               | any more and pulping the rest.
               | 
               | And as far as the publishers getting paid, the publishers
               | are _always_ getting paid. You signed away part of your
               | rights to them to begin with, and if they couldn 't get
               | paid, they wouldn't publish your work to begin with.
               | You've already decided they have the right to profit from
               | your work, what's under debate is how long anyone else
               | has to wait to do the same.
        
               | that_guy_iain wrote:
               | > I would be thrilled if anything I made had enough
               | cultural value after 20 years that the commons still had
               | a use for it.
               | 
               | You would be thrilled that you made something that good.
               | Since something that good is very very rare. You would be
               | very upset that I was getting all the value that it
               | provides for free just because of how long ago you made
               | it.
               | 
               | > And as far as the publishers getting paid, the
               | publishers are always getting paid. You signed away part
               | of your rights to them to begin with, and if they
               | couldn't get paid, they wouldn't publish your work to
               | begin with. You've already decided they have the right to
               | profit from your work, what's under debate is how long
               | anyone else has to wait to do the same. 100% if I take
               | anything off you without paying for it, you're going to
               | be screaming from the rafters about how unfair it all is.
               | 
               | When you enter into a publishing contract the deal is
               | they make money and you make money. Entering into a
               | contract where they make money and you make nothing is
               | fundamentally not a contract, it is not legal is nearly
               | every country. This is why contracts where they sell
               | companies with massive debt but have assets such as for
               | example Football clubs sell for 1 pound/dollar/euro.
               | There must be an exchange. The idea that it's ok for one
               | entity to stop paying another entity just because "you
               | knew I was going to be making money" is disgusting.
               | 
               | Personally, I think to disagree with the idea it's fair
               | someone gets paid for their work is just pure greed. It's
               | absolutely disgusting to think it's fair a company gets
               | to make money off someone's work without paying them. I
               | think people who think along those lines a morally
               | bankrupt.
        
           | myrmidon wrote:
           | This does not sound convincing to me; I can not imagine ANY
           | realistic scenario where artistic activity is only _viable_
           | because of profits earned more than 20 years later: Not for
           | individual authors /creators and _especially_ not for
           | companies.
           | 
           | I think this point of view only appears reasonable because of
           | how ridiculously extensive copyright terms are right now...
           | 
           | Imagine companies paying bonuses for work that was done >20
           | years earlier: That sounds to me neither reasonable nor
           | helpful in any way.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | Create more then. Society is not obligated to provide life
           | time rent for you and your children just because you made
           | something years ago.
        
             | that_guy_iain wrote:
             | > Society is not obligated to provide life time rent for
             | you
             | 
             | Society should be obligated to pay me for work that I've
             | done if they wish to enjoy that work. If I write a book and
             | 20-years later you want to read that book, why should you
             | get it for free? Why shouldn't demand that you pay me money
             | for that book?
             | 
             | Society is not entitled to free shit. Remember Society
             | isn't obligated to provide payment, just the people who
             | want the creations.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | It's called our public domain rights. Culture belongs to
               | everyone, that's the natural way of things. We willingly
               | chose to pretend that we can't copy and distribute your
               | book infinitely at negligble cost so you could make some
               | money and be rewarded for your efforts. We sure as hell
               | didn't do that so you could have functionally infinite
               | rent seeking all the way down to your grand children.
               | 
               | Authors and the copyright industry as a whole lobby the
               | governments with the intent to systematically rob us of
               | our fair use and public domain rights. You're not keeping
               | up your public domain side of the bargain. Why should we
               | keep up our end? We shouldn't. We won't.
        
               | that_guy_iain wrote:
               | Public domain isn't a side of the bargin. Public domain
               | is basically there to stop people making money off other
               | people's work.
               | 
               | The entitlement of thinking that public domain is a
               | right...
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Copyright shouldn't last even one decade. Most of the profits
         | of games and movies are made in the first few weeks. Give them
         | like five years of protection in order to be exceptionally
         | generous and allow for exactly 0 extensions.
         | 
         | That's it. That's how copyright should work in order to be
         | _tolerable_. Anything else is pure rent seeking.
        
           | nearbuy wrote:
           | A lot of great indie games wouldn't even have been finished
           | when their copyright expired if it lasted only 5 years
           | (Factorio, Minecraft, Terraria).
           | 
           | And Cave Story wouldn't have made any money. It was released
           | for free in 2004 but few people knew about it at the time. It
           | wasn't until 2010/2011 when it released on Nintendo and Steam
           | (paid version) that it took off.
        
             | elsjaako wrote:
             | Minecraft kept being updated during early development, so
             | unless you wanted to play a five year old version it would
             | still have been under copyright. I agree it probably
             | wouldn't have sold for a billion dollars, but they were
             | making a lot of money before the sale.
             | 
             | Cave Story I'm less familiar with, but again the Nintento
             | and Steam versions would probably be different and have new
             | copyright. But I think you're saying the game sold well
             | despite a free version being available. Isn't this an
             | example that you don't need any copyright to make money off
             | a game?
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | > Most of the profits of games and movies are made in the
           | first few weeks.
           | 
           | This is mostly straw man, it only applies to big-budget AAA
           | titles, it doesn't apply to indie games & movies, it doesn't
           | apply to artists or musicians, especially most small-time
           | artists. It doesn't apply to books or to software or to
           | journalism or to educational or corporate content. Your claim
           | isn't really even true for Marvel movies or whatever either,
           | box office is complicated and movie profits are now based on
           | global sales and streaming and ancillary rights and
           | merchandising and all kind of things that don't happen in the
           | first few weeks.
           | 
           | Copyrights might be too long now, but these laws have been
           | around for many centuries, and ala Chesterton's fence, you
           | seem to be failing to consider the reasons that copyrights
           | appeared in the first place, and the ramifications of
           | significantly reducing or abolishing copyrights. The problem
           | that led to copyrights is IP theft, unscrupulous people
           | publishing work as their own and rent-seeking all the profit
           | they can. This will happen at a massive scale if we cut the
           | period down to 1 decade or less. You might want to consider
           | the possibility that if copyright were shortened to less than
           | a decade or abolished today, it might not really hurt Disney
           | and other big media corps at all, it might just kill
           | independent artists because large corporations can control
           | the internet and legally steal your independent creative work
           | before you can make money from it.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | > box office is complicated
             | 
             | It's really not. It either makes more money than it cost or
             | it doesn't. If it does, it's considered a success. If not,
             | it's a flop. That's how everything I've ever read about the
             | copyright industry puts it. I don't really see a need to
             | complicate this.
             | 
             | Yeah, corporations make _additional_ money from licensing,
             | merchandising and whatnot. Making toys and stuff is fine
             | but this licensing bullshit really should end after a few
             | years once the work enters the public domain. They 've
             | already made their money, they're done and it's time for
             | the work enter the public domain.
             | 
             | > The problem that led to copyrights is IP theft,
             | unscrupulous people publishing work as their own and rent-
             | seeking all the profit they can.
             | 
             | And how is the copyright solution working out for them?
             | Days ago I saw someone here posting about how their web
             | game was cloned by someone else. Did they sue? No, it's too
             | expensive. Meanwhile corporations will kill your YouTube
             | videos and steal your advertising money if someone walks by
             | on the street playing a song they own.
             | 
             | You might consider the possibility that this trillion
             | dollar copyright industry has already coopted this so
             | called "system". They turned it against the very same
             | people it was designed to protect.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | > It either makes more money than it cost or it doesn't.
               | 
               | You moved your own goal post, you were talking about
               | _when_ it makes it's money, not _whether_. Your claim was
               | that it reaches that point in a few weeks, which is 1)
               | not generally true, and 2) irrelevant to most creative
               | works. Copyrights aren't only serving movies, they're
               | serving artists and musicians and magazines and websites
               | and many other industries too. The amount of time it
               | takes for a movie to recoup it's costs has no bearing on
               | what copyright terms should be.
               | 
               | > this trillion dollar copyright industry has already
               | coopted this so called "system"
               | 
               | There's no question terms are a bit too long and that big
               | business is profiting, there's no question whether things
               | are messed up. They are, I'm not arguing with you there.
               | I'm just not sure that tossing out the baby with the bath
               | water and raging against the machine is going to be
               | fruitful. Copyrights do protect many independent artists
               | somewhat, despite your anecdote.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | > Copyrights aren't only serving movies, they're serving
               | artists and musicians and magazines and websites and many
               | other industries too.
               | 
               | Which is why I wrote "give them like five years of
               | protection" instead of a few months. That ought to be
               | more than enough for most if not all to make their money
               | back and then some. Maybe 10 years at the absolute most.
               | 
               | Certainly not this lifetime plus 70 years insanity.
               | 
               | > there's no question whether things are messed up. They
               | are, I'm not arguing with you there.
               | 
               | I'm happy you agree.
               | 
               | > I'm just not sure that tossing out the baby with the
               | bath water and raging against the machine is going to be
               | fruitful.
               | 
               | I'm sorry, it's just so hard for me to watch the
               | copyright industry just destroy the computers I love so
               | much because they harm their rent seeking. Every year
               | it's some new DRM bullshit with new ways to usurp control
               | of my computer for their own ends. They have such immense
               | lobbying power they made it illegal to break into and
               | take control of my own system. It just feels so hopeless.
               | I really don't know what else to do at this point.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | > five years [...] That ought to be more than enough for
               | most
               | 
               | Why? You have not established this. The only example you
               | gave is not valid for most content. Books and art and
               | music frequently make the bulk of their return more than
               | 5 or 10 years later. Why "most" and not all? Have you
               | researched how many people make money on creative output?
               | Personally I'm not very convinced by armchair opinions,
               | this needs more careful reasoning.
               | 
               | What if draconian copyright is today right now having the
               | intended effect of encouraging people to make new work
               | and not remix existing content? What you're complaining
               | about is the inability to legally copy current work,
               | while there is no restriction on making new things (and
               | you get legal protection if you do!)
               | 
               | Maybe we should talk about what specific things you want
               | to copy that you feel should be legal?
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | > Maybe we should talk about what specific things you
               | want to copy that you feel should be legal?
               | 
               | Anything older than 5-10 years should be in the public
               | domain. That means music, movies, games, books, literally
               | anything copyrighted.
               | 
               | Nintendo should not be selling the same NES Mario game to
               | people for the 100th time. They've already made their
               | money like a billion times over. Let it go. This is
               | honestly shameful.
        
         | alvah wrote:
         | Blame the cartoon mouse, it ruins everything it touches.
        
         | purple_ferret wrote:
         | > 0 years is more than enough time to profit from creative
         | works. Are we as a society really saying that 75+ years is how
         | much time people ought to be profiting from creative works? An
         | absurd proposition in almost any other industry or pursuit.
         | 
         | How is it any more absurd than a trademark? Why should someone
         | be able to write and sell a book about Harry Potter but not
         | sell their own Iphone?
        
           | geysersam wrote:
           | The purposes of those concepts are totally different.
           | 
           | The purpose of trademarks is customer safety. If it wasn't
           | illegal to infringe trademarks, it would be much easier to
           | distribute fake products, and companies would have less
           | incentive to build their brand on quality.
           | 
           | The motivation for copyright is similar in that it exists to
           | incentivize beneficial behavior (creating valuable works).
           | But it's different because it also limits the distribution of
           | the works. If this "cost" is too high, there is no economical
           | sense in having so long copyright.
           | 
           | Trademarks are not intrinsically valuable (to society).
           | Limiting their use has no cost.
        
         | ww520 wrote:
         | Yes. The copyright duration needs to be shorten.
         | 
         | To grandfather in the existing copyrights, any new ones will
         | have one year shortened every year until the 20 year mark
         | reached. Then all copyright work have 20 years. That's it.
        
           | alwayslikethis wrote:
           | Interesting effect of this is that it would release a truly
           | massive amount of previously copyrighted work in a short
           | timespan. Assuming this takes effect next year, some time in
           | 2073, all copyrighted material created between this year and
           | 2053 will be in the public domain.
        
         | p1necone wrote:
         | I want to see what would happen if we abolished all IP law
         | except for trademarks. No patents, no copyrights. I personally
         | doubt it would actually discourage anyone from producing art or
         | innovating in science/technology, but it might have other
         | unexpected negative effects.
        
           | spigottoday wrote:
           | One negative effect might be that you don't get to hear the
           | music, read the book or view the art because you are not the
           | wealthy patron or one of their friends. That's the way it
           | used to work.
        
           | radiKal07 wrote:
           | Bad idea. The small guy with a genius innovation will get
           | eaten by the big corporation with 100x more resources.
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | Artistic control is major aspect of copyright; as an artist you
         | might not want to allow Disney to make hack adaptation of your
         | story, or someone use your song in an ad, or gazillion other
         | things. Of course such protection can be made into separate
         | law, but I think just slashing copyright would be problematic.
        
         | pwython wrote:
         | As an artist by trade, you're damn right I want my kids &
         | grandkids to profit from my IP (though I'm no Walt Disney),
         | whether 20 or 100 years later. Art is different my friend. I'm
         | not piecing together code from StackOverflow. Why should my
         | heirlooms be sold to the highest bidder outside of my family
         | due to copyright legal loopholes?
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | The entire concept that you're financial responsible for more
           | than you direct descendants is frankly absurd.
           | 
           | Plus on average you're so far removed from about... the 3rd
           | generation of descendants that it doesn't really matter.
           | 
           | Nobody should leave their descendants that much wealth that:
           | 
           | 1. they don't need to be productive themselves
           | 
           | 2. that the initial wealth has a higher than 1% chance to
           | pass to grandkids
           | 
           | Each generation needs to earn their bread.
           | 
           | Baby boomers kind of didn't and look at what people are
           | saying now.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | Family heirlooms? Your art is not a heirloom. It's just
           | information, transferred from your mind into your medium of
           | preference. Information is just bits, nothing but a unique
           | number whose discovery you feel entitled to.
           | 
           | You think yourself superior to people who "piece together
           | code from StackOverflow"? You're not. They will prove it to
           | you with machine learning AI.
        
             | pwython wrote:
             | > "Your art is not a heirloom.... you're not entitled
             | to..."
             | 
             | What? An heirloom by definition is something passed down in
             | a family for generations.
             | 
             | If I created Mickey Mouse for example, why does my future
             | offspring have to give away its rights, perhaps to someone
             | that may use the character in nefarious ways for profit?
             | 
             | I fail to see the logic of having a free-for-all on an
             | artist's work just because they're potentially deceased and
             | therefore let someone else receive profits instead of the
             | original creator's family?
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | > What? An heirloom by definition is something passed
               | down in a family for generations.
               | 
               | Maybe if you paint a picture on a canvas you could call
               | that physical canvas a heirloom. The copyrights
               | associated with it have nothing to do with that. Anyone
               | can produce a copy.
               | 
               | > If I created Mickey Mouse for example, why does my
               | future offspring have to give away its rights
               | 
               | > I fail to see the logic of having a free-for-all on an
               | artist's work
               | 
               | It's called our public domain rights. Our culture is ours
               | and it belongs to everyone. That's the natural way of
               | things. Public domain is the default.
               | 
               | We willingly chose to pretend that we can't copy and
               | distribute your art infinitely at negligble cost so you
               | could make some money and be rewarded for your efforts.
               | We sure as hell didn't do that so you could have
               | functionally infinite rent seeking all the way down to
               | your grand children.
               | 
               | It's clear that you're not keeping up your public domain
               | side of the bargain. Why should we keep up our end? We
               | can just stop pretending that your art is artificially
               | scarce. Suddenly, it ceases to be. Just like that.
        
               | BeFlatXIII wrote:
               | The family can produce their own works if they want
               | control.
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | Perhaps you should have bred smarter heirs who can
           | independently produce their own creative bestsellers.
        
             | pwython wrote:
             | Funny quip, but my children aren't going into creative
             | fields, the topic at hand. And for what it's worth, they're
             | both graduating high school early to pursue medicine.
        
           | slyall wrote:
           | Well I assume you are happy with a portion of you and your
           | work's income for the next 100 years going to your teachers (
           | art and other subjects ) without who you could not have
           | created the work.
           | 
           | Also any medical people who treated you or your parents.
           | 
           | Teaching and Medicine are skilled jobs that took years to
           | learn. It is hardly fair that you and your heirs get to
           | profit from some teacher's or Doctor's work without them
           | getting a share.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | It was 28 years, with paid extensions, until the Copyright Term
         | Extension Act.
         | 
         | We need a lobby pushing to cut it back to 50, which is the
         | international standard.
        
           | gfaster wrote:
           | The international standard is actually life + 50 years, but
           | US and EU along with South Korea, Japan, and many others are
           | at life + 70.
           | 
           | see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries%27_copyr
           | ight...
        
           | aczerepinski wrote:
           | 50 sounds very reasonable. Not only is it plenty long to
           | monetize a work but it may also incentivize aging legends to
           | have a second golden age of creativity at the end of their
           | career.
           | 
           | One of my favorite all time musicians is still touring (and
           | sounding great!) but his entire set list is music he wrote in
           | the 60s and 70s. I suspect he still has it in him to write
           | amazing new music.
        
         | ozim wrote:
         | I have a slightly different take.
         | 
         | Everyone who claims 20 years is more than enough is looking at
         | highly successful works.
         | 
         | Imagine that you are not that popular author whose works are
         | his life savings. Pennies dripping from works you published are
         | your life line that lets you buy food or sustain you in a way.
         | 
         | Without it big publishing companies would just publish stuff
         | without paying royalties, because they could can just do that.
         | With 75 years it will be also some inheritance for authors
         | children - should we also let publishing companies just take
         | that?
         | 
         | There is much more not that successful works that still earn
         | money and need protection from publishing houses than there is
         | "Harry Potters".
        
           | ohbtvz wrote:
           | > Imagine that you are not that popular author whose works
           | are his life savings. Pennies dripping from works you
           | published are your life line that lets you buy food or
           | sustain you in a way.
           | 
           | Why should we all pay to make that a viable way of life?
        
           | kevincox wrote:
           | I'd much rather solve the problem of starving people
           | separately from copyright, maybe some form of Universal Basic
           | Income. That way we can handle it for everyone who is in a
           | rough situation without requiring them to get lucky enough
           | with a moderately successful book.
        
             | snthd wrote:
             | You (we?) need to solve attribution bias first.
             | 
             | Art? VR?
             | 
             | Is copyright itself responsible for incentivising a pro-
             | intergenerational wealth world view?
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | As much as I dislike big corporations abusing the system,
           | like Disney, that's a good point. In particular for novelists
           | and artists, it can take decades for discovery and subsequent
           | appreciation of their work.
        
           | elsjaako wrote:
           | So the business model "write once, get paid for the rest of
           | your life" should get built into law? I'm trying to think of
           | an analogous situation. Should Architects get commission on
           | rent for the rest of their life?
           | 
           | > There is much more not that successful works that still
           | earn money and need protection from publishing houses than
           | there is "Harry Potters".
           | 
           | There are many more non successful books, I agree. I doubt
           | many of them are still available, much less making noteworthy
           | money, after 20 years. This is based on my experience trying
           | to buy obscure books, I tried to find actual numbers but was
           | unsuccessful.
        
           | myrmidon wrote:
           | > Everyone who claims 20 years is more than enough is looking
           | at highly successful works.
           | 
           | I would argue the opposite: that for non-bestsellers, income
           | after 20 years is completely negligible. NO one is buying 2nd
           | rate fiction 20 years after it was first published, only
           | bestsellers will still sell a significant fraction after that
           | long.
           | 
           | I also don't see how potential income 20 years later could
           | ever effectively motivate or enable a person...
        
           | another-dave wrote:
           | Could always leave the timescales as-is, but have a break
           | clause -- if your work generates more than $xM in sales it's
           | now out of copyright.
           | 
           | Would protect the non-Star Wars/Harry Potters, but also let
           | us recognise that SW/HP/LotR _have_ become part of our shared
           | culture and it does wider society little benefit to give one
           | company a monopoly on them
        
         | zcombynator wrote:
         | think about Mickey Mouse. It's STILL in active use by Disney. I
         | feel like it SHOULD still be protected, even though its' been
         | 75 years.
         | 
         | What about the Coca Cola Brand and Logo? It's also more than
         | 100 years old. Can I start a 1:1 copycat, including logo and
         | name?
         | 
         | It should probably be related to ACTIVE USAGE, not first
         | mention.
        
           | samarthr1 wrote:
           | Coca Cola's brand and logo are trademarks, not copyrights
           | btw.
        
         | andirk wrote:
         | Seeing as the USA's ultra affluent crust is grossly crowded
         | with generational wealth, I don't think they'd like the idea of
         | removing any of their profits, however long ago and however
         | void of any of their own toil, regardless of the overall good
         | it would do.
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | > is grossly crowded with generational wealth
           | 
           | The top ten wealthiest people in the US did not inherit their
           | wealth - and power law distribution of wealth really matters.
           | 
           | That said, I agree there is a problem with intergenerational
           | wealth, although possibly more through family political power
           | and influence than their raw financial power.
        
             | wraptile wrote:
             | > The top ten wealthiest people in the US did not inherit
             | their wealth
             | 
             | Not sure what you mean by that. Just going through the
             | wikipedia articles they certainly seem to have inherited
             | some part of their fortune. Using money to make more money
             | isn't particularly complicated. You also inherit the social
             | standing which makes successful investments much easier.
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | > at the end of the day, copyright is about protecting the
         | ability to generate profit
         | 
         | That's what is has turned into, but it was never the point. The
         | point was to promote the creation of new creative works. That's
         | it. The way to do that was making sure that creators had a
         | limited time where they could exclusively profit from their
         | efforts, but the creation or protection of profit was never
         | what copyright was all about.
         | 
         | Today, creating/protecting profit is what it's been abused to
         | accomplish though, often hurting the creation of new works, and
         | most often not even for the benefit of the actual creators.
         | 
         | 20 years was more than enough time for people to profit from
         | their works when worldwide distribution was basically
         | impossible, advertising was a joke compared to what we have
         | today, and it was a massive investment to publish at all. Now
         | you can publish for close to nothing and advertise and
         | distribute worldwide in seconds. 20 years is at least 2x too
         | long. 10 years seems far more reasonable to me.
         | 
         | If we're reworking the system we also need to make sure that
         | DRM doesn't prevent works from being useful after they've been
         | returned to the public domain. That's a consideration they
         | didn't have to worry about when copyright protections were
         | being drafted, but it's increasingly going to lock us out of
         | our own culture.
        
           | judge2020 wrote:
           | Is it possible that the extremely long copyright time still
           | succeeds in promoting the creation of new works? For example,
           | under copyright, you can't take Mickey Mouse, throw
           | sunglasses on him, then re-release all of the existing work,
           | because it's not protected by the fair use clause. However,
           | if you were to create something demonstrably different to the
           | point where it does qualify for fair use, then suddenly
           | you've created new media that you have the copyright for and
           | can do whatever you wish (including sell it; whether or not
           | it's used for commercial purposes is only a factor in fair
           | use determinations, it doesn't instantly disqualify it for
           | fair use).
           | 
           | The only thing the public domain seems to benefit is the
           | ability to redistribute the work without iterating upon it in
           | a way that makes it take on a new meaning.
        
             | dmitriid wrote:
             | > For example, under copyright, you can't take Mickey
             | Mouse, throw sunglasses on him, then re-release all of the
             | existing work
             | 
             | You mean, exactly what Disney did? Create movies based on
             | existing works (Brothers Grimm etc.) while ignoring
             | copyright (Bambi) or against the direct wishes of the
             | original author (can't remember which one right now)
        
             | Tanoc wrote:
             | Most culture throughout human history has been iterative
             | instead of anthologic. Often times the stories, myths,
             | legends, and folk tales we have are because multiple people
             | added to the story after the original author ended it to
             | add a piece that relates to their own time or
             | understanding. They didn't just say, throw sunglasses and a
             | banana hammock on Beowulf and now he's Bae-o-wulf, original
             | character, do no steal. The story of King Arthur for
             | example has three different origins between the changeling
             | child, the sword in the stone, and the commoner to king
             | stories because for the longest time King Arthur's Court
             | started in medias res. Then there's the fact that Sir
             | Lancelot was a later addition to the mythology of King
             | Arthur, appearing almost six hundred years after the
             | popular stories first appeared in public circulation as a
             | cultural response to the rise of the idea of courtly love.
             | And the story of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight itself was
             | a later addition as well to epitomize the growing ideal of
             | chivalry. Even Alfred Lord Tennyson was adding to the story
             | over twelve hundred years after it first appeared in
             | response to gothic literature and it's focus on the beauty
             | in decay and nihilism. To put it one way, Lancelot, Gawain,
             | and Elaine were essentially fanfiction to the existing
             | mythologies that became canon.
             | 
             | And the truest form of that iterative culture that still
             | exists and continues building the mythologies or characters
             | of these stories is fan fiction. People adding onto the
             | characters and history of the fictional world, finding what
             | works and discarding what doesn't, and slowly weaving
             | together a full and rich story. This is in stark contrast
             | to anthology style works such as traditional superhero
             | comic books, where the creators work under direction and
             | the rules of the world and the personas of it's characters
             | are often not allowed to change. Unlike Guinevere who is
             | eventually swayed from Arthur into courtly love with
             | Lancelot, Lois Lane must always love Superman for example.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | > The only thing the public domain seems to benefit is the
             | ability to redistribute the work without iterating upon it
             | in a way that makes it take on a new meaning.
             | 
             | No... fair use doesn't work like you think it does and it's
             | a only a defense that has to be tested in court where
             | you'll be up against the legal team of a billion dollar
             | media industry that has connections and ties at the highest
             | levels of the justice system
             | 
             | Once something is in the public domain you can use it to
             | create new works that are completely transformative without
             | risking losing everything in a lawsuit.
             | 
             | Vast amounts of new and truly innovative creative works are
             | prevented from being created because of our existing
             | copyright laws. Music is the worst at this where just a
             | couple of notes being too similar to some other song can
             | cause you lose everything. People have lost fortunes just
             | for writing a new and unique song that just happened to be
             | in the same _genre_ as another song.
             | (https://abovethelaw.com/2018/03/blurred-lines-can-you-
             | copy-a...)
             | 
             | Look at what one artist had to do (and pay) to get her film
             | seen by the public at all:
             | https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/sita-sings-the-copyright-
             | bl...
             | 
             | If those songs had been fully in the public domain, her
             | amazing and transformative film (which I'd recommend to
             | anyone) would have had no issues at all. How many artists
             | aren't willing or able to go through what she did and just
             | give up? How many musicians are writing songs that will
             | never see the light of day because of fear that some song
             | they've never heard before will be used to take everything
             | from them? They can sign over all their rights to the RIAA
             | and hope that's enough to protect them, or they risk being
             | sued.
             | 
             | The public domain is critical for artists to be free to
             | create entirely new works and build on old ones to create
             | new works as well.
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | > For example, under copyright, you can't take Mickey
             | Mouse, throw sunglasses on him, then re-release all of the
             | existing work, because it's not protected by the fair use
             | clause. However, if you were to create something
             | demonstrably different to the point where it does qualify
             | for fair use, then suddenly you've created new media that
             | you have the copyright for and can do whatever you wish
             | (including sell it; whether or not it's used for commercial
             | purposes is only a factor in fair use determinations, it
             | doesn't instantly disqualify it for fair use).
             | 
             | Your understanding of fair use seems quite flawed.
             | 
             | Tell me, have you _ever_ seen Mickey Mouse used for
             | _anything_ even remotely interesting that wasn't made by
             | Disney?
             | 
             | One of the most well-known characters of all time, if fair
             | use wasn't too restrictive, there'd be some derivative
             | works out there, right?
             | 
             | The reason you don't is because what's allowed by fair use
             | is _very_ limited and ambiguous (ie dependent on how much
             | money you want to spend on a lawyer to defend yourself).
             | 
             | You can do reviews of shows/movies, you could probably do a
             | really obvious parody, you could report on some Mickey
             | Mouse news, and that's essentially it. Anything else will
             | get you sued _hard_ and you will not win.
        
               | Kon-Peki wrote:
               | > Tell me, have you _ever_ seen Mickey Mouse used for
               | _anything_ even remotely interesting that wasn't made by
               | Disney?
               | 
               | No problem, just find and buy a copy of The Mickey Mouse
               | Make-It Book [1]. It contains step-by-step instructions
               | for making Mickey Mouse puppets and then encourages you
               | to have fun with your creations. Straight from Walt
               | Disney Production's mouth.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/12114271-the-
               | mickey-mous...
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | > Straight from Walt Disney Production's mouth.
               | 
               | Kind of the point? It's published by Disney.
               | 
               | Sure you can make all kinds of stuff for yourself, you
               | just can't share them in any real way.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | btdmaster wrote:
             | If fair use meant the same thing as new work, then yes
             | certainly.
             | 
             | For now: https://mimiandeunice.com/2011/07/29/fair-use/
        
           | smeagull wrote:
           | > The point was to promote the creation of new creative
           | works.
           | 
           | I thought the point was to ensure streamers and video
           | creators couldn't film the real world where songs get
           | performed all the time.
        
           | kqr wrote:
           | Are you confusing copyright with patent rights?
           | 
           | Patents have a dual purpose:
           | 
           | - they force exclusive access to a technology for a while,
           | promoting innovation and profit; but!
           | 
           | - they also force you to publish all the internals of how
           | that technology works, promoting production of cheaper copies
           | after the exclusive period has passed.
           | 
           | I'm not aware of copyright having any such function.
        
           | Thorentis wrote:
           | Oh yes, I agree that even 20 is probably too long in our
           | current day and age with how easy it is to diseeminate work.
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | > The point was to promote the creation of new creative
           | works.
           | 
           | What are you referring to exactly, US copyright law or
           | earlier laws from other countries? US Copyright law from the
           | beginning (1790) was written in part to preserve the economic
           | property rights of authors and publishers. Part of the point
           | always has been protection of profit. [1] [2]. Initially it
           | only applied to books, not to art. You can't really separate
           | the granting of a limited-time monopoly over a work from the
           | promotion of new creative works, they go hand in hand, to say
           | economic protection was never the point is not accurate.
           | 
           | 'In 1783 several authors' petitions persuaded the Continental
           | Congress "that nothing is more properly a man's own than the
           | fruit of his study, and that the protection and security of
           | literary property would greatly tend to encourage genius and
           | to promote useful discoveries."' [2]
           | 
           | The earlier British Statue of Anne says similarly: "Whereas
           | Printers, Booksellers, and other Persons, have of late
           | frequently taken the Liberty of Printing, Reprinting, and
           | Publishing, or causing to be Printed, Reprinted, and
           | Published Books, and other Writings, without the Consent of
           | the Authors or Proprietors of such Books and Writings, to
           | their very great Detriment, and too often to the Ruin of them
           | and their Families: For Preventing therefore such Practices
           | for the future, and for the Encouragement of Learned Men to
           | Compose and Write useful Books; May it please Your Majesty,
           | that it may be Enacted" [3]
           | 
           | Note that both quotes reference economic protection as the
           | first reason, and promotion of creativity second.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.copyright.gov/timeline/timeline_18th_century.
           | htm...
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_copyright
           | 
           | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Anne#Text
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | I was talking about US law, where the purpose was to
             | "promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by
             | securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the
             | exclusive Right to their respective Writings and
             | Discoveries." but even that very first copyright law
             | written saw the need for the "Encouragement of Learned Men
             | to Compose and Write useful Books"
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | The US law, and the British law it was modeled after,
               | were both trying to solve an _existing_ problem of theft.
               | You're right that the rationale did include the notion
               | that granting protection would be good for society and
               | encourage creation of new work (because the alternative
               | they witnessed in practice was to make money copying
               | someone else). You're right that this was part of the
               | purpose, but the stated purpose from the very beginning
               | was in fact to protect authors' and publishers' rights to
               | make money. Not only was that always the primary point,
               | but it is also the very mechanism by which they promoted
               | new work: the only incentive to create new work is that
               | you have legal protection from copiers for some time so
               | you can make money. This is why these two reasons are
               | inseparable, right?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > The US law, and the British law it was modeled after,
               | were both trying to solve an existing problem of theft.
               | 
               | No, it wasn't. Creation of novel property rights is never
               | to solve a problem of theft, because theft only exists in
               | the context of existing property rights.
               | 
               | > but the stated purpose from the very beginning was in
               | fact to protect authors' and publishers' rights to make
               | money
               | 
               | The original British copyright law did not apply to
               | _authors_ at all, but to printers only. As D f good _z_ w
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | > theft only exists in the context of existing property
               | rights
               | 
               | Of course the law didn't exist before it was written, but
               | copying others' content was viewed as stealing, which is
               | why there was a push to turn it into real, legal theft.
               | Apologies for using shorthand. What words would you have
               | chosen? Maybe you can make my point better than I can,
               | because the law was in fact written in response to an
               | actual problem people had of being able to recoup their
               | investments.
               | 
               | I don't agree that 'theft' requires existing legal
               | property rights to exist, that is not the definition of
               | the word, so your claim is inaccurate. Theft is the act
               | of stealing, which is taking something without
               | permission. It can be one-sided from the perspective of
               | the person who was taken from, and still be theft.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Of course the law didn't exist before it was written,
               | but copying others' content was viewed as stealing,
               | 
               | But the first copyright laws in Britain gave no rights
               | _at all_ to creators.
               | 
               | They weren't about moral rights founded in creation of
               | works, the basis of rights was the capital investment of
               | setting up to print the work.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | Right yes, to my broad point here that the law's whole
               | point was to protect profits, and I agree originally it
               | was publisher's profits not author's.
        
             | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
             | From that history of copyright page:
             | 
             | > The origin of copyright law in most European countries
             | lies in efforts by the church and governments to regulate
             | and control the output of printers
             | 
             | I think it's far more likely that they're about making sure
             | that the wrong sort of bible, or the wrong sort of
             | pamphlet, doesn't get printed. Whatever "for the economy"
             | or "for the creators" verbiage is in there was added after
             | the fact by marketing.
        
               | ohbtvz wrote:
               | I don't think anyone has ever asserted copyright on the
               | bible. I'm not quite sure what you're talking about? As
               | for pamphlets, copyright can never prevent you from
               | printing something that you created.
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | I'll have to brush up on my history of the protestant
               | reformation, but I'm under the impression that for a very
               | long time the church had a monopoly on people with enough
               | dedication and support to sit around copying books by
               | hand. There was no need for copyright law because it was
               | totally legal to kick the rabble rousers out of the
               | monastery for any old reason.
               | 
               | In this way, the church had been asserting copyright on
               | the Bible for hundreds of years. It wasn't until the
               | invention of the printing press that they needed a law
               | for it.
               | 
               | It's easy to find legal text today that says it's for one
               | thing but if you're in the know it's clear that its
               | purpose--the side effect without which it wouldn't exist
               | --is unstated or hidden. I'm skeptical that our picture
               | of the 1700's is good enough to solve the same puzzle
               | that far in retrospect, but my hypothesis is that if it
               | was, we'd find things were a bit less about protecting
               | authors economically than a surface-level read would lead
               | us to believe.
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | Actually, it's almost exactly the other way around. The
               | Gutenberg Bible may be famous as the first thing printed
               | but publishing exploded in the second half of the
               | fifteenth century across all genres.
               | 
               | The competition was intense and with no copyright law, it
               | was a race to find and publish as many works as possible
               | before they were picked up by competitors and copies
               | flooded the market. In order to keep the presses
               | profitable the printers published tons of material that
               | went against Church doctrine. Anti-Church material was
               | often the most profitable because the printers didn't
               | have to pay the authors for the content. The printers
               | were driven by economics and the Church couldn't reign
               | them in.
               | 
               | The first copyright laws established regional monopolies
               | so that printers could be controlled for the benefit of
               | God and country but governments did it by freeing them
               | from the laissez fare competition that dominated the
               | early printing industry. By giving printers exclusive
               | rights and banning foreign copies, governments created
               | stable revenue streams for the printers so that they had
               | the option of saying "no" to new authors. The Church
               | exploited "for the economy" rhetoric from the beginning.
        
               | retrac wrote:
               | There are some interesting vestiges of the origin of
               | copyright, still floating around in contemporary legal
               | systems.
               | 
               | In the UK, and in other countries patterned after the UK
               | constitution, works of the government are technically
               | under royal prerogative. It's usually called "Crown
               | copyright" but it isn't regulated by normal copyright
               | law. Traditionally, the monarch reserved the right to
               | ensure that laws were duplicated exactly, etc. It's the
               | inherent right of the monarch, and that right has never
               | actually been explicitly curtailed by law. For example,
               | Canada's Copyright Act has a clause, asserting the Act
               | does not curtail any rights or privileges of the Crown.
               | 
               | It's probably the purest form of "intellectual property"
               | that exists. Anything the Crown creates is under Crown
               | copyright. The copyright term is forever. There is no
               | fair use or fair dealing with Crown copyrighted works.
               | [1] The justification for the copyright is not derived
               | from statute but, within the legal conceit we're working
               | with here anyway, rather literally from God and
               | traditional since time immemorial.
               | 
               | Speaking of which, The King James Bible is still under
               | Crown copyright in the United Kingdom. James I paid for
               | it and his heirs insist on their due. The Crown issued
               | letters patent to several printers, those letters were
               | acquired and now Cambridge University Press has the right
               | to print the KJV Bible in England. It's one of the very
               | few letters patent to somehow slip through the 19th and
               | 20th century overhauls; nearly all have been abolished by
               | acts of legislation.
               | 
               | Letters patent are the granting of an office or title or
               | right or property by the state to an individual. The
               | granting of such rights was historically, also another
               | royal prerogative. Scope-limited monopolies were very
               | common. A monopoly on farming salt on a particular beach.
               | A monopoly on collecting taxes in a particular county. A
               | monopoly on dying wool a certain colour in a particular
               | town. Such letters were considered a form of property by
               | the courts, and they could in some cases be traded.
               | 
               | This is, as I understand it, largely the
               | intellectual/legal origin of modern copyright in the
               | Anglo-American tradition. It was, at first, not focused
               | on the work, the text, so much as the economic right of a
               | printer, to have a monopoly on a specific work, and to
               | not have that right infringed with unseemly competition.
               | As more and more letters patent regarding printing were
               | issued, it eventually became formalized and then
               | regulated by statute, taking it out of the Crown's
               | arbitrary hands. At the same time (I think we're at about
               | 1750 AD now?) the proliferation of printing started
               | reducing the economic significance of the book itself vs.
               | the contents of the book, and we started to think more
               | about the author than the printer.
               | 
               | [1] Of course, practically speaking, in modern times, the
               | Crown has issued various directives over the years,
               | culminating in a whole department to manage Crown
               | copyrighted works, and it's policy that verbatim
               | duplication and etc. of laws are just fine. But very
               | technically, that privilege could be rescinded at any
               | time by royal decree, though of course that won't
               | actually happen.
        
               | etrevino wrote:
               | The Wiki article is something I wish I had time to edit.
               | Yes, there was an attempt to ensure that the right sort
               | of thing be printed, but it was also about making sure
               | that no one else could print certain documents. You'd
               | license a bible text to be able to regulate that it's the
               | correct type of bible being printed, yes. You'd then see
               | who else was printing bibles and shut them down. Okay,
               | that's all correct, but there's more to its foundation
               | than that. For example, in the UK, one individual had the
               | sole right to profit off the last testaments of people to
               | be hanged in Newgate Prison. In the 17th C, Parliament
               | gave this power was to a preacher who in turn designated
               | a specific printer. That power is what allowed the
               | preacher (and the printer) to profit: no one could
               | (legally) copy it. Regulating printers was the only way
               | to ensure profit for an author _and_ it was an attempt to
               | guarantee conformity.
        
           | brigandish wrote:
           | > The point was to promote the creation of new creative works
           | 
           | for profit, profit of money and profit of learning. The first
           | copyright law in the world, the Statute of Anne[1]
           | specifically mentions money in the preamble:
           | 
           | > Whereas Printers, Booksellers, and other Persons, have of
           | late frequently taken the Liberty of Printing, Reprinting,
           | and Publishing, or causing to be Printed, Reprinted, and
           | Published Books, and other Writings, without the Consent of
           | the Authors or Proprietors of such Books and Writings, to
           | their very great Detriment, and too often to the Ruin of them
           | and their Families: For Preventing therefore such Practices
           | for the future, and for the Encouragement of Learned Men to
           | Compose and Write useful Books;
           | 
           | (As an aside, I'm so glad English moved away from German or
           | we'd still be using capital letters everywhere!)
           | 
           | Authors of the time were arguing against censorship,
           | monopolies formed by powerful printers, _and_ to make money
           | they felt they were owed. As Daniel Defoe, author of Robinson
           | Crusoe, is quoted as saying in that article:
           | 
           | > One Man Studies Seven Year, to bring a finish'd Peice into
           | the World, and a Pyrate Printer, Reprints his Copy
           | immediately, and Sells it for a quarter of the Price ...
           | these things call for an Act of Parliament
           | 
           | Let's not misrepresent history to fit our own dispositions
           | today.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Anne
        
           | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
           | > The point was to promote the creation of new creative
           | works.
           | 
           | I'm pretty sure it prevents new works more than it creates
           | them these days.
           | 
           | It needs a rewrite:
           | 
           | - you only get copyright protection if publish an address to
           | send payments to
           | 
           | - enforcement of copyright means compelling payment to that
           | address, not removing the infringing work
        
             | mortehu wrote:
             | Are you comfortable with invalidating copyleft licenses
             | like GPL?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Taywee wrote:
               | I'm a total GPL fanboy, but that would not only
               | invalidate GPL, but make it legal to disassemble, modify,
               | and redistribute all proprietary software less than 10
               | years old.
               | 
               | I don't think it's a great thing, or a horrible one; the
               | positive and negative ramifications are difficult to even
               | estimate. The software world that we live in would be
               | vastly different in very many ways.
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | I imagine they'd have to be reimplemented under the new
               | legal framework. Attaching addresses to IP isn't so
               | different from attaching predicates like "must be open".
               | 
               | It just shouldn't converge on takedowns is all I'm
               | saying. No legal paths to censorship.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Open source licenses exist to try and prevent attack on
               | open-source by groups privatizing otherwise freely
               | distributed code. It's an arms race. In a world where
               | copyright's expire on reasonable timeframes, the value of
               | copyleft licenses is vastly reduced since useful code
               | becomes freely available within a reasonable timeframe.
        
               | mortehu wrote:
               | Why do you say the code would become freely available?
               | With no copyleft, you could fork any project and keep the
               | code closed forever.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | but the copyright to that code would expire in another X
               | number of years.
               | 
               | So it's equivalent to having GPL on that private fork,
               | but on the timeframe of copyright expiry.
        
               | Scarblac wrote:
               | No. The GPL says you must provide the source when asked.
               | In the new situation they would just never distribute it.
        
               | Siira wrote:
               | GPL found a way to utilize an evil law to do some good.
               | What we need is to first scrap the evil law, then pass a
               | FOSS protection act. (Besides, a 10 year copyrighted is
               | so long that GPL would still be mostly enforced.)
        
               | Supermancho wrote:
               | The GPL was a best effort, given the state of US
               | copyright. There is no dissenting Open Source group who
               | lobbies for the existing state of copyright because they
               | consider the GPL as more important. Another version of
               | the license can be written.
        
             | CSMastermind wrote:
             | And who determines that amount to pay?
             | 
             | Surely all use cases can't be the same amount. If I write a
             | song and Disney uses it in a Marvel movie presumably, I
             | should be paid more than if some local high school kid uses
             | a 10 second sample of the song during their garage bands
             | production.
             | 
             | What if a bunch of neo-nazis want to use my song in their
             | propaganda video? Shouldn't I be able to stop them? Their
             | use would be a detriment to not only the commercial value
             | of my work but potentially to myself as well.
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | Well if Disney made the same amount of money as the high
               | school kid, and relied on your song to the same degree,
               | then presumably they would pay the same.
               | 
               | As for what percentage of the derived-work revenue needs
               | to be paid to you, let the deriver pick something that
               | they think is fair (it just can't be $0). It'll be part
               | of the metadata on that work so everybody can see how
               | much of what they're paying is being passed along.
               | 
               | Then we create a culture of amplifying works that are
               | fair to their dependencies. As for those that are doing
               | the bare minimum, we name and shame (and sabotage?).
               | 
               | If it turns out that attributions coverage on 0.00000001%
               | then we can talk about codifying the amounts, but I
               | really think that if we just mandate the transparency,
               | culture will handle the rest.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > Surely all use cases can't be the same amount.
               | 
               | but why not?
               | 
               | If copyright licenses on works could be had for cheap,
               | everyone benefits. Sure, disney benefits a lot, since
               | they can make use of the work more efficienty in large
               | productions, but the result of _their_ work could also be
               | had for cheap (such as someone else taking the disney
               | movie and remixing it for low cost).
               | 
               | > Shouldn't I be able to stop them?
               | 
               | no you shouldn't, if said neo-nazi propaganda wasn't
               | illegal to begin with.
        
             | berniedurfee wrote:
             | I've always thought the patent system should work the same
             | way. If you don't produce a product from or reasonably
             | license the invention, you lose the right to hold the
             | patent.
        
             | ma2rten wrote:
             | This is news to me. Do you have more information about
             | that?
        
               | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
               | Information about the fact that more original work is
               | prevented by copyright than protected by it? Only
               | anecdotes about people I know who gave up on their dreams
               | because they can't afford a lawyer to fight for their
               | right to do art.
               | 
               | Information about the bullet points? That's my first
               | draft of an alternative formulation.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | I was surprised to see _WKRP in Cincinnati_ in the TV
             | listings. It was my understanding that all the old music in
             | those shows made them impossible to broadcast anymore,
             | because (1) the copyright owners wanted too much money, and
             | (2) for some of the music, it was impossible to find the
             | owners.
             | 
             | Maybe they got past that, at least for some of the
             | episodes.
        
               | fmdragon wrote:
               | Where do you see WKRP listed?
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | I don't have an online guide handy, but I do have a
               | digital antenna (something I've written about before).
               | (If you have line-of-sight with the tower, you can still
               | watch major sports events for free. It's not dead.)
               | 
               | However, I think I saw WKRP in the "broadcast TV" popup
               | on my TV. You can tell that they're going out on the web
               | to get it, because at first it says "no information
               | available" and then it populates the channels. It was on
               | Channel 1 in the Bay Area, which shows almost all ancient
               | shows.
        
               | fmdragon wrote:
               | You actually meant your local TV listings! I thought
               | there was a TV listings section in the article, lol. I
               | was confused as to how WKRP could've been in the public
               | domain.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | > your local TV listings
               | 
               | yes. Those still exist; still free.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | Maybe they replaced the music? That's what they did in
               | order to be able to release the series Daria on DVD.
               | Included in the package was an apology letter explaining
               | why they had to replace all the music.
               | 
               | They might have also secured some of the rights and just
               | dropped the episodes containing songs where they
               | couldn't. That's what Disney did when they put The Muppet
               | Show on Disney+. A few episodes are missing because even
               | with Disney's money they couldn't get the rights to all
               | the songs.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | I haven't watched it yet. I doubt they replaced the
               | music, since it IS about a radio station.
        
               | fmdragon wrote:
               | That's exactly what they did for the first DVD releases
               | in the mid-2000s. Made it a bit jarring for some of the
               | iconic scenes.
               | 
               | I believe the Shout Factory releases a few years back
               | restored the majority of it though.
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | Not just that, you only get protection (in a specific
             | country) if you make it reasonably simply available in said
             | country.
             | 
             | I live in the balkans (but still.. part of EU, we have
             | credit cards, internet, everything), and many many media
             | (movies, music,...) are unavailable to buy here... not on
             | netflix, no hulu here, not on any other streaming provider,
             | not released on dvd, not available to buy any other way
             | here...
             | 
             | ...but somehow, if I download that movie/episode from a
             | torrent site, i'm somehow causing them financial loss with
             | my download...
        
               | Taywee wrote:
               | Even in America, I've had to pirate TV shows from England
               | because they simply weren't available here, won't air
               | here, and aren't sold anywhere, even in England.
               | 
               | I can't watch Big Fat Quiz of Everything legally at all.
               | My options are to break copyright to pirate it after it
               | airs, not watch it at all, or to move to England. I
               | choose the first. I'd gladly pay for it if given the
               | option, but I have no moral qualms with illegally
               | downloading something I can't even pay for in the first
               | place.
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | This illustrates the sheer inefficiency of the market in
               | this case.
               | 
               | While distribution is basically free (pirates do it at a
               | very low cost), having a payment system set up for these
               | "unusual" purchases costs more than the revenue is worth.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | The best part is that the second hand market satisfies
               | the legal criteria of ownership, but doesn't reward the
               | creators in the slightest.
               | 
               | I've bought a number of media second hand to make sure I
               | own them, and it's remarkable how there just is no way to
               | pay any original producer for things in a lot of cases. I
               | can download a movie easily, but there's no way for me to
               | pay anyone for having done so - meanwhile if I buy a
               | physical copy of that movie from someone else...the
               | creator doesn't make any money from me at all, but it's
               | all completely legal.
        
               | archi42 wrote:
               | This is not entirely true: Selling on the second hand
               | market reduces the cost for the original buyer, allowing
               | them to buy more media than they would/could without the
               | second hand market.
               | 
               | That's assuming second hand prices below the original
               | price. Inflated prices for rare works (which could be
               | easily republished as digital media by the creators) are
               | a different story.
        
               | gmd63 wrote:
               | With stupidly long copyright protection I can see this
               | being justified by "protecting those profits we're trying
               | to make 2 decades from now"
        
               | gus_massa wrote:
               | The big guys (Disney, big discography labels, ...) can
               | afford to open a branch in every country. The small guys
               | that made an independent film are screwed.
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | You don't need a branch in every country, they just need
               | to remove the:                   if($country eq
               | "Slovenia") { print "This video is not available in your
               | country!\n"; exit; }
               | 
               | from the current store.
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | ... and immediately get bankrupt by copyright litigation.
               | 
               | A lot of distribution of media is set in the previous
               | century, where distribution rights are negotiated on a
               | per country basis.
               | 
               | It sucks, and I wholly support copyright reform to
               | address these issues, but making Disney etc into Pirate
               | Bay isn't the way to solve the problem.
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | This whole thread is about copyright reform, and what
               | should be done to make it better... and that includes
               | this.
        
               | asdfaoeu wrote:
               | He was talking about independent studios though.
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | Ah, you're right.
        
               | eitland wrote:
               | There is tax rules to comply with too, but I am sure a
               | third party will be happy to make a solution.
        
           | wyldfire wrote:
           | > That's what is has turned into, but it was never the point.
           | The point was to promote the creation of new creative works.
           | 
           | I wonder - if copyright expiration had been enshrined in
           | something harder to extend like a US Constitution amendment,
           | would we be better off? Or would the powerful
           | media/entertainment forces try to convince the electorate
           | that early expirations were problematic? Would we have a
           | flourishing public domain or would HUAC have flipped on its
           | head - looking instead for the enemies of the entertainment
           | industry? Commies who don't want Mickey Mouse to make money.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | > That's what is has turned into, but it was never the point.
           | The point was to promote the creation of new creative works.
           | That's it. The way to do that was making sure that creators
           | had a limited time where they could exclusively profit from
           | their efforts, but the creation or protection of profit was
           | never what copyright was all about.
           | 
           | Are there any studies showing that copyright actually does
           | achieve its goal of promoting the creation of art? Can we
           | show a causal link between copyright and art creation? Can we
           | show a proportional effect where longer copyright terms lead
           | to more/better art creation? I suppose it would be rather
           | difficult. You'd have to find a control group that's
           | otherwise just like the USA (or your comparable country) but
           | without copyright.
           | 
           | Is copyright really the driving force, without which we
           | wouldn't have creative output? I have my doubts. People were
           | drawing on cave walls and parchments long before copyright.
           | Would people simply not create art if copyright didn't exist?
           | And if so, would we really miss that particular art?
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | I do agree that artists are going to create no matter what.
             | I do suspect we'd have less works if nobody could make a
             | living doing it though. Especially things like film and
             | animation which historically required crazy amounts of
             | money up front. People were willing to fund those efforts
             | because they could expect a likely return on their
             | investment which without copyright protections wouldn't be
             | possible.
             | 
             | We've gone way overboard, but I do think some level of
             | protection for creators is for the best even now when it's
             | easier and less expensive than ever to create.
        
               | fancybouncy wrote:
               | > artists are going to create no matter what.
               | 
               | i don't agree. _fine artists_ will, but the bulk of
               | consumed art is commercial art, it 's a job, and most
               | people only work if they get money for it.
               | 
               | I like the soviet model of commissioning people to write
               | e.g. math and science books: the author got a stipend
               | like any office worker, and copyright belonged to the
               | commissioner (the country).
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | > i don't agree. fine artists will, but the bulk of
               | consumed art is commercial art
               | 
               | The bulk of art consumed is advertising. The bulk of art
               | created however is not commercial art. It's people who
               | paint, write music, write stories, etc. as a hobby. Even
               | if it's just writing bad fan fic or shitty furry drawings
               | people are constantly creating and publishing in their
               | spare time. If all the commerial art went away, we'd seek
               | out more of their stuff.
               | 
               | In the end there are very few artists who would never
               | create anything again unless they were getting paid to do
               | it. Money isn't really the reason artists create. They
               | tend to feel a need to express themselves and have a love
               | for the work they do. It's why artists are so easily
               | exploited.
               | 
               | The works we prefer to consume tend to cost a lot more to
               | produce and those are the things we'd risk losing if
               | there copyright didn't exist at all. It'd be a sad state
               | of affairs if all we had to read was fan fic. Even then
               | though, a lot of people create impressive and popular
               | works and release them for free.
        
             | nearbuy wrote:
             | As you point out, I'm not sure how you would do that study
             | without having two otherwise identical countries that
             | differ only by copywrite law.
             | 
             | Still, we can make some guesses what would happen without
             | copyright.
             | 
             | eBook readers could offer all books for free to improve
             | sales of their reader. Amazon already gives books that are
             | in the public domain for free on Kindle. If Amazon doesn't
             | expand this to all books, some competitor will. Project
             | Gutenberg would also expand their collection to include all
             | books.
             | 
             | Physical books wouldn't be free, but there would be no
             | guarantee the author would get any money from them. There'd
             | be zero incentive for printing houses to pay authors.
             | They'd be allowed to sell the books without the author's
             | permission and keep all the profits.
             | 
             | Authors' best option may be to ask for donations or start a
             | Patreon. This works for some people, but in general, you
             | make orders of magnitude less money off donations than
             | actually selling something.
             | 
             | Would less money going to authors stop people from writing
             | books? Probably somewhat. The most popular authors will
             | still have ways to make money. And there'd still be people
             | who write books for free, as a hobby. But it would reduce
             | the number of professional authors.
        
           | zqfuz wrote:
           | "making sure that creators had a limited time where they
           | could exclusively profit" sounds like "protection of profit"
           | to me.
        
             | qu4z-2 wrote:
             | Right, but it's the means not the end.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | That was a means to an end, not the end itself. That's the
             | point. The goal of copyright has always been very clear. It
             | was for encouraging the creation of new works.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | Done through the means of ensuring that the original
               | artist may profit off of their own hard work and no one
               | else can steal the hard work and profit off it. The abuse
               | you're talking about is the extension of the same
               | mechanism that allows rights owners to profit for much
               | longer periods of time, which actually discourages the
               | creation of new works. This can all be true because there
               | aren't binary solutions and things need nuance.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Original copyright terms didn't last for a lifetime,
               | either.
        
               | Oxidation wrote:
               | It's more like 2 lifetimes now: it's usually 70 years
               | after the death of the author, which can be substantially
               | longer than 95 years.
        
               | realusername wrote:
               | Most of the copyrights nowadays are held by large
               | conglomerates anyways and not artists, sure that's not a
               | nuanced point of view but copyright isn't nuanced either
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | The nuance is with respect to the above conversation. I
               | don't think anyone here is disagreeing that the system is
               | being abused and that the copyright holders are abused by
               | large conglomerates. I don't think anyone is arguing
               | against the points you're bringing up.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | Copyright is abused in may ways that go far beyond
               | perpetually extended copyright protections. The DMCA has
               | enabled copyright to be used as a weapon to silence
               | criticism. Companies have created a revenue stream out of
               | sending DMCA notices demanding that people (innocent or
               | otherwise) pay settlements now or else face long and
               | expensive court battles. Creators are threatened with
               | lawsuits or dragged through the courts on highly
               | questionable copyright grounds just to bankrupt them and
               | prevent them from being a competitor.
               | 
               | Recently, the media industry has taken to suing ISPs for
               | billions if they refuse to permanently stop offering
               | service to customers who have been repeatedly accused of
               | violating copyright. Without any court finding you guilty
               | or any actual proof that a violation took place, if you
               | are accused multiple times and your ISP doesn't
               | disconnect your service forever they could be fined out
               | of existence. Most of the ISPs sued so far have settled
               | out of court, but the media industry has been winning in
               | the courts as well.
               | 
               | Copyright is regularly abused to do things that go far
               | beyond what it was intended to, and often to the
               | determent of the creation of new works. Most of the
               | people hurt by such abuses have no ability to fight it,
               | and very little hope of actually winning even if they
               | try.
        
           | AussieWog93 wrote:
           | >20 years is at least 2x too long. 10 years seems far more
           | reasonable to me.
           | 
           | What about stuff that didn't land initially, but was
           | discovered years/decades later and loved. Should they be
           | denied the right to make a (belated) profit?
        
             | krisroadruck wrote:
             | Seems like this could be handled by something like:
             | 
             | Either 10 years, or 10 years from when you collect your
             | first dollar, so long as that first dollar is collected
             | within the first 10 years - giving you potentially up to 20
             | years in total.
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | I get the sentiment but writing the Great American Novel is no
         | easy proposition. Everyone who is saying 20 years are plenty
         | should first make sure their wealth doesn't come from a salary.
         | Creators are taking the risk so deserve the reward. I'm fine
         | with ending with the creators death. This does push the creator
         | to keep creating to maximize earnings for their estate prior to
         | death. Creation is hard and it shouldn't be like art where
         | paintings are only valuable posthumously.
        
           | avereveard wrote:
           | the problem is that very rarely creators own the copyright,
           | most of the time it's transferred to corporations. in
           | principle I agree with you, but corporations should have
           | restrictive limits (i.e. 20 years after first copyright
           | transfer from a natural person) - and just to be sure, make
           | it so that royalty contracts are null and void if they cover
           | a duration longer than 5 years, so that corporation cannot
           | workaround the issue buying new property for pennies using
           | forever exlusive royalties and preventing renegotiation once
           | the property becomes famous (i.e. avoid the current
           | musicians/labels contracts where unknowns get scouted early
           | and chained forever)
        
             | snarf21 wrote:
             | It seems like that could be solved by making them non-
             | transferable. They can only be licensed by a corporation.
        
           | geraldwhen wrote:
           | Art sale is used to launder money. The artists involved are
           | irrelevant. Pablo Escobar wasn't an art buff.
        
         | Worldblender wrote:
         | I agree about how excessively long the current copyright laws
         | can be, but there's a few things I wonder about that has to be
         | done before that can realistically happen, along with several
         | other related questions I got. Regardless of what happens in
         | the end, any amount of copyright term reduction, even if that's
         | only like 10 or 20 years, is better than nothing.
         | 
         | * How will the Berne Convention from the early 1900s be dealt
         | with? Since multiple countries signed onto that, how can that
         | be overridden or be repelled so that at least some countries
         | can start to reduce copyright terms? I know there's a few
         | countries that didn't sign onto this convention, but they don't
         | enough power to cause major reforms to occur.
         | 
         | * I wish I could do it all myself, but I don't have enough
         | money to convince most politicians to support such reforms.
         | There's got to be some way I can easily gather like people who
         | support such reforms. It's even harder if this has to happen
         | outside of the United States for any meaningful reform to
         | start. Where could I possibly get started on gathering like
         | people for this purpose?
         | 
         | * I know about fanworks (such as fanart, fanfiction, and
         | fangames) and the like, but unfortunately, such things aren't
         | tolerated when they're mixed with open-source software or
         | anything with similar licensing. How come many of those can
         | stay up while being legally dubious (by way of using characters
         | and/or settings from pre-existing mass media without explicit
         | permission from the original rightsholder(s)), but open-source
         | software doesn't get that same pass, even if only for non-
         | commercial purposes? Even if many rightsholders would ignore
         | such things for not being worth their time to take down, it
         | still doesn't feel totally right if the law was strictly
         | followed.
         | 
         | * If a (non-open source like) work gets delisted or removed
         | from online stores or websites to the point where it can't be
         | legally obtained anywhere (and hence can only be acquired via
         | piracy), would that count as a publisher or author saying that
         | they effectively revoked rights to such a work? Then if that
         | work cannot be legally obtained anymore, would that also mean
         | that that work can never enter the public domain unless it
         | becomes available again in the future?
         | 
         | I ask these questions in order to reduce the likelihood that I
         | end up with a DMCA notice sent against any of my fanworks, that
         | could potentially hurt my chances for getting future jobs. Then
         | that could have a domino effect of making my life very hard if
         | this gets bad enough because of not being able to find a source
         | of income because people got scared of me infringing their
         | copyrights. I may be exaggerating these worries, but that's
         | what could happen if I strictly followed the law.
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | At least for the Berne convention, is Americans can start by
           | unseating incumbents and electing senators who do not care
           | what treaties their predecessors have ratified.
        
         | ep103 wrote:
         | Its the Mickey Mouse problem. Disney doesn't want Mickey or
         | related works to enter public domain, because it would be a
         | huge knock to their current empire.
         | 
         | Still, this seems rather easily solvable to naive little old
         | me.
         | 
         | 20 year copyright by default, with a 20 year review cycle
         | process an individual/company can apply to to ask for
         | extension, on the condition that they can prove harm to newly
         | generated IP, if the copyright is not-renewed. Still using
         | Mickey Mouse to generate new works of non-derivative IP, and
         | copyright of Mickey Mouse isn't causing damage to any other
         | competing agencies (the way holding IP to a new drug or
         | invention would)? Fine, renew granted.
        
           | clcaev wrote:
           | Or, beyond 28 years, if the work is not released to the
           | public domain, have an annual copyright tax based upon a
           | "fair market" assessment of the property. To keep assessment
           | real, perhaps let there be an auction starting at 2x the
           | taxed value.
        
             | hakfoo wrote:
             | Wasn't there a variation of that done for some property
             | taxes: you could assess your own property, but they
             | reserved the right to buy it at the assessed price,
             | discouraging lowballing?
             | 
             | Right now, especially without registration required
             | anymore, there is no burden to owning copyrights
             | "passively". If they had to enumerate and price them, that
             | alone may make it worth shedding some of them.
        
               | gwd wrote:
               | > Wasn't there a variation of that done for some property
               | taxes: you could assess your own property, but they
               | reserved the right to buy it at the assessed price,
               | discouraging lowballing?
               | 
               | I've come to the conclusion that this sort of property
               | tax (on everything, including land, equipment,
               | trademarks, and copyrighted material) is the only kind of
               | tax that actually makes sense economically.
               | Fundamentally, "property" is one person or entity taking
               | something from society as a whole (backed in the end by
               | society-sanctioned violence); "taxation" is its natural
               | inverse: society as a whole taking something back from a
               | person or individual (backed in the end by society-
               | sanctioned violence). There's a pleasant symmetry that
               | the people who have benefit the most from the setup of
               | society should be the ones who fund it; and that in a
               | sense, ownership must be continually "justified".
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | Why should Disney get an infinite copyright? I think
           | copyright should be limited to natural persons. No one
           | involved in the creation of Mickey Mouse is still alive.
           | Imagine if the Brothers Grimm, Inc. had just kept infinitely
           | renewing their copyright claim? Disney wouldn't even exist.
           | Disney is a company that was _built_ upon works in the public
           | domain and now is depriving the rest of the world from the
           | very thing that allowed Disney to flourish in the first
           | place.
        
             | satvikpendem wrote:
             | Then what happens as humans solve aging and no one dies?
             | There should be an age limit regardless of natural or
             | corporate persons.
        
               | geerlingguy wrote:
               | > solve aging and no one dies
               | 
               | I believe this may be an HN bubble thing. Fusion energy
               | will be commercialized hundreds if not thousands of years
               | before that will be reality.
        
               | anthonypasq wrote:
               | i think you're a little off the mark. Google Aubrey de
               | Grey. Ageing isnt that tough of a problem
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | I was being slightly facetious ;). However it is
               | something I've thought about before, what happens to
               | societies when no one dies, whether we'll keep the same
               | customs and societal opinions forever, etc.
        
               | elliekelly wrote:
               | You might enjoy Kurt Vonnegut's short story _2BR02B_. The
               | Wikipedia article[1] has links to several different
               | places you can read or listen to it for free. (Though I'm
               | a bit confused as to _how_ his work is already in the
               | public domain since he only died relatively recently?)
               | 
               | [1]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_B_R_0_2_B
        
               | tmtvl wrote:
               | It may have been published without a copyright notice? As
               | it was published between 1927 and 1977, that would
               | explain why it's in the public domain:
               | https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Hirtle_chart
        
               | WXLCKNO wrote:
               | Death and fusion will both be solved instantly once super
               | human AI arrives.
               | 
               | Possibly because it will kill us all immediately but
               | maybe it will solve those things for us.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | You know what they say, give a man a fire and you'll keep
               | him warm for a day. Set a man on fire and you'll keep him
               | warm for the rest of his life.
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | Melancholy Elephants, a Hugo-winning short story, answers
               | that:
               | http://www.spiderrobinson.com/melancholyelephants.html
        
               | dudul wrote:
               | I feel like we can revisit when we reach this point :)
        
               | unity1001 wrote:
               | > Then what happens as humans solve aging and no one
               | dies?
               | 
               | Then everything will change. Concepts like copyright
               | would end up irrelevant.
        
             | danbolt wrote:
             | I'd be fine with the extension path, but in exchange I'd
             | expect a fee that increases with each extension. Almost
             | like a land value tax but for IP.
        
               | clippablematt wrote:
               | Harberger taxes on ip could be neat
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | That's a really interesting idea!
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | This to me is the right answer: have an intellectual
               | property tax which goes up every year. Disney can pay to
               | keep Mickey locked up but all of the less popular IP
               | shifts the calculation from "keep it, we might use it
               | some day" to a more balanced calculation.
               | 
               | The other thing I'd like to add is some kind of
               | requirement that works be available (e.g. it should cost
               | a lot more if they want to hide it in a vault) but that
               | would need care to avoid publishers screwing creators if
               | there's a dispute, as is not uncommon - you wouldn't want
               | the threat of putting something in the public domain to
               | be used to force the creator to agree to unfavorable
               | terms. Maybe something like all assignment contracts are
               | unconditionally voided without compensation if the
               | company chooses not to make an item available for
               | sale/license at standard rates for more than n days in a
               | 5 year period?
        
               | danbolt wrote:
               | I like your idea a lot, but I'll admit I don't know what
               | a standardized rate or one-size-fits-all solution looks
               | like. Or, I have different expectations for HBO than I do
               | for an individual artist producing works as a hobby.
               | 
               | I also wonder about the implications for the copyright
               | status of a "limited edition" version of a work. I'm not
               | sure how that would play out.
        
               | Tanoc wrote:
               | Perhaps the fee would be a base per times renewed plus
               | the worth of a portion of the total reported wealth that
               | the IP has generated over it's lifetime, instead of just
               | since the last renewal. So if you've made sixty thousand
               | dollars over the first twenty years, you owe six thousand
               | for the renewal. If you've made ninety thousand dollars
               | over the next twenty years, you owe ten thousand dollars
               | plus eighteen thousand for the renewal. The base fee
               | scales to make it feasible for low earners, but increases
               | to prevent copyright abusers from perpetually milking an
               | unused IP like how Harmony Gold did with Robotech/Macross
               | for thirty eight years.
        
           | p1necone wrote:
           | Mickey Mouse is a registered trademark, copyright law isn't
           | even relevant.
        
           | shibopo wrote:
           | I'm actually surprised corporations aren't lobbying for this.
           | Instead of coming up with original ideas, they can just take
           | any works of art pre-2000 and just recycle them over and
           | over.
           | 
           | Why spend billions buying Marvel when you can do it for free,
           | why spend billions for parts of the LOTR series, why spend
           | billions to buy Lucas Arts.
           | 
           | I mean Disney is built on taking public domain works and
           | reworking them into their own classics. Imagine if they could
           | do that with the biggest cultural uptake in human history of
           | the 1900s instead of the relatively unknown 1800s stories.
           | 
           | Don't forget streaming services like Netflix who shell out
           | billions to get Seinfeld and Friends. Lobbying for 20 years
           | means they get ALL the 90s instead of shelling out billions.
        
           | unity1001 wrote:
           | No extensions. The moment you allow extensions you get corps.
           | like Disney.
           | 
           | 10 years is more than enough in the current landscape of the
           | Internet and the creator-driven economy/
        
           | mannerheim wrote:
           | Disney gets blamed a lot for this, but I don't really buy it.
           | The copyright extension in '76 brought America into the same
           | copyright duration as stipulated by the Berne Convention of
           | 1886 (although the US would not sign on until a decade
           | later), and the Sonny Bono act extended copyright length to
           | the same as what had been harmonised in the EU a few years
           | prior; Germany had had notoriously long copyright lengths,
           | lasting 80 years past the death of the author at one point.
           | 
           | Don't get me wrong, copyright length is certainly too long,
           | but blaming Disney is rather Americentric, considering the US
           | was rather late to the game on long copyright durations.
        
             | nearbuy wrote:
             | Another point against the Mickey Mouse theory is that the
             | trend ends on January 1st, 2024. Mickey Mouse will enter
             | the public domain.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | That's assuming there's no other extension :-)
        
             | haspok wrote:
             | There is no "95 years after publication" rule in the EU, so
             | you cannot say the Sonny Bono act was a "harmonization".
             | 
             | Wikipedia also states (with some sources), that "Since
             | 1990, The Walt Disney Company had lobbied for copyright
             | extension." It was in their best interest, they had the
             | money, so no surprises there. I'm sure they weren't the
             | only ones, but the largest, for sure.
        
               | mannerheim wrote:
               | True, although in this case the US law is perhaps better
               | than the EU one; the EU lacks any exceptions for works of
               | joint authorship, including works for hire, so it's 70
               | years from the death of the last surviving author, which
               | would usually exceed 95 years.
        
         | radiKal07 wrote:
         | What if I write a book when I'm 20 and is a huge flop but it
         | gets massive success 30 years later when I'm 50?
        
         | rgmerk wrote:
         | I agree, but authors will scream blue murder and claim that
         | you're depriving of their chances of any kind of security in
         | retirement if you do so.
         | 
         | Do they have a point? There are undoubtedly some creators
         | making money from their old works, but I'd bet the vast
         | majority of creators who do make a living from their work at
         | some point (a small fraction of those who write or compose)
         | make the vast majority of the royalties from their work in the
         | first 20 years of its existence. Even more so when you apply
         | appropriate present values to future royalties.
         | 
         | But when I looked for actual evidence to support or refute this
         | point the quality of evidence in the public domain is extremely
         | weak - either anecdata from prominent authors, or very poor-
         | quality aggregate data from economists supporting liberalizing
         | copyright.
         | 
         | If I didn't need to earn a living would be fun and useful to do
         | a PhD examining this question properly.
        
         | briga wrote:
         | A lot of famous writers today lived in poverty and obscurity
         | and sold very few books until their old age. Seems like it
         | would be unfair for them to not profit from their life's work
         | just because it's more than 20 years old.
        
           | hnfong wrote:
           | Yet copyright persists a constant number of years after the
           | author's death. Is there anyone seriously arguing that a
           | person should profit from their life's work even after
           | they're dead?
        
         | epigramx wrote:
         | 1927 is 95 years.
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | 3-5 years AT MOST. 20 years is an eternity in today's world.
         | Most of the revenue a creative work generates comes in the
         | first few months after its release anyway. For movies, the
         | revenue from outside of cinema screenings is not even
         | considered for statistical purposes.
         | 
         | It would also make some sense to make copyright non-
         | transferable.
        
       | eatbitseveryday wrote:
       | Are films in the public domain legally copiable?
        
         | postalrat wrote:
         | Make a copy or make a sequel.
        
         | slim wrote:
         | yes
        
       | ogogmad wrote:
       | Is Battleship Potemkin in the PD in both Europe and the US?
        
       | choeger wrote:
       | I came to the conviction that digital artworks, any form of
       | digital property, really, needs a public clearinghouse.
       | 
       | You simply shouldn't be allowed to sell any digital license for a
       | product you didn't register at that clearinghouse before. The
       | task of that clearinghouse would be to provide the customer with
       | the bought content in case of dispute or any other problems. So
       | if, e.g, Amazon goes out of business, all my books would be
       | available for me to download from said clearinghouse because I
       | own the license. Same for steam games or Disney videos.
       | 
       | Many (but not all) of the problems with DRM or copyrighted works
       | would vanish if we established this legal requirement.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | >Franz Kafka, Amerika
       | 
       | Looking forward to someone taking AI/ChatGPT and finishing the
       | unfinished book.
        
       | cauthon wrote:
       | Question about how public domain works in the US, specifically
       | with regards to this comment in the original post:
       | 
       | > Here are just a few of the works that will be in the US public
       | domain in 2023. 2 They were supposed to go into the public domain
       | in 2003, after being copyrighted for 75 years. But before this
       | could happen, Congress hit a 20-year pause button and extended
       | their copyright term to 95 years.
       | 
       | Is the "20 year pause button" permanent, i.e. copyright term for
       | all works moving forward will be 95 years? Or will that
       | eventually expire and the term will revert to 75 years?
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | Permanent. The term is 95 years now, unless Congress changes
         | the law. And reducing it would be very difficult legally, with
         | copyright holders suing for their theoretical losses if
         | Congress "deprives" them of 20 years of protection that they
         | now consider their property.
        
           | StevePerkins wrote:
           | You could simply reduce it on a go-forward basis,
           | grandfathering in works that are currently covered by the 95
           | year term.
           | 
           | Not going to happen of course, regardless. But laws change
           | all the time, and grandfather clauses generally make it a
           | solved problem.
        
           | 1980phipsi wrote:
           | I don't know if those suits would succeed. If Congress gives
           | someone a benefit and then gets rid of it, then you can't sue
           | the government to force them to keep giving it to you.
        
             | ThunderSizzle wrote:
             | You can, and it'll go through the federal courts. Your case
             | might be quickly dismissed, or it might eventually cause a
             | Consitution question to the Supreme Court. Or not.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | incompatible wrote:
         | It won't be 95 years forever. For works created in or after
         | 1978, the term is the life of the author plus 70 years.
        
           | joshspankit wrote:
           | That might conceivably be _over 170 years_
        
           | sircastor wrote:
           | So I might be able to see Star Wars enter public domain, but
           | The Empire Strikes Back is outside the realm of a human
           | lifespan.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | jteppinette wrote:
       | Copyright, Trademark, and Patent Law should not exist. Contract
       | law and trade secrets cover all necessary use cases. Checkout
       | Stephan Kinsela @NSKinsella for more info.
        
         | postalrat wrote:
         | So you don't mind me taking all the frontend from
         | https://easypub.io/
         | 
         | Or doing whatever I want from any code of yours in github.
        
           | jteppinette wrote:
           | I don't mind at all. I am open sourcing it, and it is free
           | lol.
        
         | LastTrain wrote:
         | I found this thread's Libertarian!
        
       | mdaniel wrote:
       | > Franklin W. Dixon (pseudonym), The Tower Treasure (the first
       | Hardy Boys book)
       | 
       | I loved those books growing up
        
         | lb1lf wrote:
         | As did I, my father had talked my grandfather into buying them
         | as they were released in Norwegian in the fifties, so I had
         | some fifty books on my shelves and read them all, some several
         | times.
         | 
         | I adored them, but in hindsight: Gawds, how formulaic they
         | were. I bet with some practice, a ghostwriter could probably
         | churn out a Hardy Boys book in a couple of days.
         | 
         | Excellent childhood memories, though - along with Anthony
         | Buckeridge's Jennings books, I spent more time with Hardy Boys
         | books during rainy summers than I care admit.
        
           | twiddling wrote:
           | "I bet with some practice, a ghostwriter could probably churn
           | out a Hardy Boys book in a couple of days."
           | 
           | AI written pulp
        
       | joshspankit wrote:
       | Consider this:
       | 
       | At 75 years past the death of the creator it's possible you
       | cannot use _anything_ that came out throughout your entire life.
       | Nothing you grew up with, nothing that inspired you, nothing that
       | speaks to the life you lived.
       | 
       | It's even possible that your children _and your grandchildren_
       | will not be able to use anything you knew. Definitely not
       | anything they knew.
       | 
       | We're in real danger of cultural death with these rules
       | restricting our expression.
       | 
       | Thankfully current artists have the option of open licenses for
       | their works.
       | 
       | If I could, I would flip a switch right now where I am only
       | exposed to things with open licenses for the rest of my life.
       | 
       | I'm happy to forget about everything Disney ever made. They can
       | go put it in the vault forever and protect it with all the
       | lawyers and guards in the world. I will never ask them to release
       | it and they can feel safe that no one will be able to "steal" it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dahart wrote:
         | > it's possible you cannot use anything that came out
         | throughout your entire life. Nothing you grew up with, nothing
         | that inspired you, nothing that speaks to the life you live.
         | 
         | What do you mean by "use"? You can't _sell_ someone else's
         | creation just because you like it, that's true. You can't
         | _copy_ it and send it to others or post it online. But why
         | should you be able to do those things? Why are you implying
         | that legal restrictions on stealing them for your own profit,
         | or redistributing things for free alike, is akin to not being
         | able to enjoy culture?
         | 
         | You are allowed to view/watch/listen/consume legally obtained
         | copies, and be inspired by them. You & teachers/schools are
         | allowed to made educational copies for school. You are allowed
         | to pay homage to things you grew up with, artistically, and
         | share snippets and some kinds of remix under Fair Use. You can
         | copy styles legally without copying content, if you want. You
         | are allowed to have and hold any culture you want. You are
         | allowed to create new work and give it to anyone you want.
         | 
         | This seems like FUD. Copyrights have been longer than the
         | average lifespan for more than 100 years and we still have
         | plenty of culture - spread of culture has even been
         | accelerating in many ways. Strong arguments do exist for
         | reducing and/or weakening copyrights, but pretending that
         | copyrights prevent the spread of arts and culture isn't
         | accurate. (And might be willfully blind to the intended and
         | actual ways that copyrights successfully promote cultural
         | development and incentivize new creative works.)
        
           | joshspankit wrote:
           | Talk to the people who have created games based on existing
           | characters: they made their own original work because they
           | loved it, put in hundreds of hours, released it for free, and
           | had their work taken off the internet with a cease and
           | desist.
           | 
           | We see examples like that all the time. When was the last
           | time someone was able to make their own popular movie from
           | existing characters without facing some type of legal action?
           | And I'm not talking about the "30% different loophole" where
           | creators have to figure out the balance between recognizable
           | and alienating.
        
             | dahart wrote:
             | Can you share some specific examples? Using someone else's
             | existing characters is probably stealing/infringing. That
             | is not 100% original work. I haven't heard about this being
             | a big problem, most people know you can't borrow characters
             | from big studio productions without facing legal action, so
             | they don't attempt it.
             | 
             | Edit to mention up higher that when using someone else's
             | characters is trademark infringement, that is completely
             | different and doesn't support your arguments about
             | copyright at all.
        
               | thekombustor wrote:
               | Nintendo is infamous for this, not only games
               | specifically but mostly any "works" that relate to their
               | content at all, including YouTube videos and also mods to
               | long extinct games.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | Correct. The cases you're citing are people who are
               | taking Nintendo's work and redistributing it. YouTube
               | channels have been challenged when people include music
               | from their games, which is copyright infringement. Mods
               | to long extinct games are still distributions of
               | Nintendo's work, they are not original work. These are
               | all examples of trying to use Nintendo's IP and
               | redistribute it without Nintendo's permission. As much as
               | we might not like it, and whether or not Nintendo is
               | actively marketing it, what's missing here is a valid
               | argument for why people _should_ be able to borrow
               | Nintendo's work.
               | 
               | BTW your example may be wading in to Trademark territory,
               | which is not the same thing a copyright and doesn't apply
               | to this discussion.
        
               | elsjaako wrote:
               | Nintendo's work isn't a physical, limited good in their
               | possession. It's not like a car or a handbag.
               | 
               | This type of property is protected by law. This isnt the
               | natural state of things, once upon a time you could just
               | retell a story you heard. We as a society have decided to
               | give Nintendo a temporary monopoly. Why do we do this?
               | Different people give different arguments, but for me the
               | reason is that I like Nintendo games, and I want Nintento
               | to keep making them, and they're more likely to make it
               | if we give them an additional edge to make money making
               | games.
               | 
               | With that perspective, I would argue that you should be
               | able to use their work, as long as it isn't likely to
               | stop them from producing more content. Mods to long
               | extinct games seem like a clear example where this is the
               | case.
               | 
               | I'm not saying this is how the law is, I'm saying I think
               | the law as it stands restricts people way to much for the
               | purposes it serves to the people.
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | > most people know you can't borrow characters from big
               | studio productions without facing legal action, so they
               | don't attempt it.
               | 
               | This fear is exactly my point. It even gets much thornier
               | and much more chilling when the law isn't as clear (since
               | people proactively avoid things they think _might_ result
               | in legal action).
        
         | sb057 wrote:
         | It's worse than that, there are still works that predate the
         | founding of the United States of America that are still under
         | copyright:
         | 
         | https://www.techdirt.com/2012/09/19/what-public-domain-why-l...
         | 
         | Originally authored in 1755, set to expire in 2052, a mere 297
         | years after it was originally written!
        
         | fyfirhffuug wrote:
         | >We're in real danger of cultural death with these rules
         | restricting our expression.<
         | 
         | Isn't it sort of the opposite? Without these rules we'd be
         | stuck drowning in an even larger and blander sea of retellings
         | and reimaginings. The only time I see this considered noble or
         | akin to staving off death is when the culture being preserved
         | is already stagnating anyway.
        
           | joshspankit wrote:
           | Right in this very moment there are hundreds if not thousands
           | of musicians making music absolutely terrified that they will
           | accidentally use prior works they can't get permission for
           | (or can't afford).
           | 
           | Some are terrified they'll use "the wrong sample" (is there a
           | list of wrong samples? no), some are even terrified they'll
           | accidentally "create" a chord progression that someone else
           | already has the rights to.
           | 
           | In these cases, that artist can end up getting a little
           | popularity and maybe even a little income, then end up in
           | debt with the song pulled from the internet, never to be
           | played by them again.
        
             | fyfirhffuug wrote:
        
             | dahart wrote:
             | Speaking as a part-time musician that knows a lot of
             | musicians, I don't know anyone who's worried about
             | accidentally using prior works... that sentence doesn't
             | make a lot of sense, unless you're talking about DJs &
             | sampling & remixing specifically? In that case all samples
             | are infringing, there doesn't need to be a list of wrong
             | samples, because all creative authors automatically have
             | copy rights of their works, in the US. Sampling and
             | remixing is somewhat tolerated as long as you steer
             | completely clear of copying the whole song, and I've heard
             | precedent tends to favor cases where people sample from
             | multiple source and not just one other song.
             | 
             | Can you share some example cases of the debt you're talking
             | about? I'm not aware of any major problem along the lines
             | you're describing for people who are creating new music and
             | not intentionally infringing a little bit.
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | I apologize because this will come off as dismissive, but
               | I don't mean it that way:
               | 
               | I'm specifically talking about musicians who make their
               | living through music and who have enough exposure (say,
               | through album sales) to have the attention of the rival
               | record companies.
               | 
               | I say that because in the case of musicians who are "off
               | the radar" the rules don't really apply. Heck, it's rare
               | for a musician to get in trouble for playing an _exact
               | copy_ of a popular song at a small venue, but even then I
               | think they all know that they could never release that
               | song on Spotify or YouTube or anywhere else that's
               | "official" and that's a demonstration of the kind of fear
               | I'm talking about.
        
               | dahart wrote:
               | Can you share some specific examples? Which musicians?
               | The 'rival record companies' comment hints that you're
               | talking about something different than copyright
               | problems. But you're also bringing up many vague fears
               | and not citing examples. People can be scared of a lot of
               | things, that doesn't mean it's reality. I'm trying to get
               | a sense of what exactly you're referring to because it
               | sounds like you are tip-toeing around cases where people
               | are actually infringing and trying to get away with it.
               | Sampling is tolerated sometimes, but not legal. If you go
               | down that road, you can't necessarily expect to not be
               | challenged.
        
           | _Algernon_ wrote:
           | >Without these rules we'd be stuck drowning in an even larger
           | and blander sea of retellings and reimaginings.
           | 
           | Imagine saying that statement unironically in a world where
           | the MCU and Disney's Starwars exists.
        
           | TheDong wrote:
           | > Without these rules we'd be stuck drowning in an even
           | larger and blander sea of retellings and reimaginings
           | 
           | This experiment has been run in the form of open source
           | software. The point of the GPL license, and other open source
           | licenses, is to remove the restrictions of copyright from a
           | work, and encourage people to reuse it, copy it, share it,
           | modify it, etc.
           | 
           | Has open source software ended up as a "larger and blander"
           | sea of software "retellings" compared to proprietary
           | software? Was the Xi Editor (RIP
           | https://raphlinus.github.io/xi/2020/06/27/xi-
           | retrospective.h...) a bland remix of ed? Even moreso than
           | proprietary editors like sublime text?
           | 
           | Has there been no progress in Haskell, an open source
           | language, due to the lack of copyright's limitations? Is all
           | non-bland (spicy?) innovation in software done under
           | copyright, and licensed out to other developers so they may
           | enjoy some type system or language?
           | 
           | Open source software to me seems like a very clear counter
           | example to your fear.
        
             | 9dev wrote:
             | I think you got this quite wrong.
             | 
             | > Has open source software ended up as a "larger and
             | blander" sea of software "retellings" compared to
             | proprietary software?
             | 
             | By all means, yes! There are so many open source clones of
             | proprietary software, lots of stuff that is solved, but fun
             | to rewrite, so people do it. How many pointless gnome
             | themes are there? How many web servers, media players,
             | databases?
             | 
             | That's survivor bias. The number of bland, irrelevant forks
             | on GitHub far outnumbers the few relevant projects, it's
             | just that we, as software developers, have found ways to
             | ignore those as we sift through options.
        
               | _Algernon_ wrote:
               | So the system adapted and we are all better of due to
               | that. That warrants the question why we should expect
               | anything else with copyright?
        
               | berniedurfee wrote:
               | It's survivor bias in the same way humans have survived
               | all of the various failed experiments of evolution.
               | 
               | I think it's a question of progress vs profit. Though, I
               | also think there needs to be a reasonably balance between
               | the two.
        
       | matheusmoreira wrote:
       | So what? Nothing I grew up with is public domain. My culture
       | belongs to corporations and I don't expect them to enter the
       | public domain until after I'm long dead.
        
       | christkv wrote:
       | Is there a similar site for things going out of copyright in the
       | eu?
        
       | georgeburdell wrote:
       | Steamboat Willie, which was an early (first?) appearance of
       | Mickey Mouse, is 1928 so this next year could be interesting for
       | copyright law
        
       | seabass wrote:
       | Is there a resource that hosts public domain content in a
       | browsable, searchable format? I am really excited to see that
       | Metropolis will be in the public domain soon--but where would I
       | go to download it?
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | https://archive.org
         | 
         | https://archive.org/details/metropolis.1927.fritz-lang
        
       | yardstick wrote:
       | To those that believe copyright should be limited to a decade or
       | two, what is your answer to Donald Knuth's The Art of Computer
       | Programming? It has been around since 1962, and yes has had new
       | volumes added over time. Should Donald have been forced to give
       | up his copyright and revenue stream in the 80s for a book that is
       | still popular today? The book is reasonably priced at around $60.
       | 
       | 1. https://www.informit.com/promotions/art-of-computer-
       | programm...
        
         | taink wrote:
         | I don't see how his work should be an exception to what people
         | are saying otherwise. Since it is popular, as you say, it
         | should all the more be freed of copyrights.
         | 
         | Given Knuth's prolific bibliography, he has other revenue
         | streams from more recent publications (including more recently
         | published volumes). His name remains on the cover of the work,
         | so he still gets social benefits from having written a deeply
         | influential book (which will be even more accessible once freed
         | of copyright!).
         | 
         | I also don't see how $60 for a single volume seems reasonable
         | -- most books aren't that expensive and this price point
         | constitutes a big barrier to entry.
        
         | ddevault wrote:
         | TAOCP is not a single entity; each volume has its own copyright
         | term. The original purpose of copyright is not to enable rent
         | seeking, but to encourage artists to keep making new works. So
         | as old volumes of TAOCP fall out of copyright, it incentivizes
         | Knuth to write new volumes. It would be the system working as
         | designed.
        
           | yardstick wrote:
           | Would you agree with: post copyright expiration, no one,
           | original author or otherwise, should be able to profit from
           | it?
           | 
           | Ie if I were to sell TAOCP after the copyright expired, can I
           | sell it at a price above the costs of printing, distribution,
           | etc? Because any profit would be rent-seeking.
        
             | ddevault wrote:
             | No, I don't agree with that. In fact I'm a copyright
             | abolitionist.
        
               | yardstick wrote:
               | Isn't copyright abolitionist the most rent-seeking
               | position? Obtaining wealth without any part in its
               | creation.
        
               | ddevault wrote:
               | That's not how rent seeking works. Rent seeking requires
               | exclusive access to a resource, i.e. an apartment in the
               | original metaphor. Nothing prevents the author from
               | monetizing it, too, and they get first-mover advantage
               | and other legs up besides.
        
               | yardstick wrote:
               | First line of Wikipedia (and OED) on rent seeking:
               | 
               | "Rent-seeking is the act of growing one's existing wealth
               | without creating new wealth by manipulating the social or
               | political environment."
               | 
               | Describes copyright abolishment quite aptly.
        
         | e-v wrote:
         | Donald Knuth is (fortunately) still alive.
        
           | yardstick wrote:
           | Sure, but this is for those arguing for copyright from date
           | of issue + X years, irrespective of the author being alive
           | still or not.
        
         | bnj wrote:
         | First, even if the book lost copyright protection people would
         | still be free to support the author by buying copies,
         | 
         | Second, if the book lost copyright protection wouldn't Donald,
         | losing that revenue stream, then be motivated to replace it by
         | writing a follow up book?
         | 
         | Artists should be able to benefit from their works, but your
         | question implies (to me) that because a work is popular artists
         | have a right to continue to profit. You ask if they should be
         | "forced" to "give up their copyright". I think it's good to
         | keep in mind that anything copyrighted is being withheld from
         | society at large; that we collectively pay a tax to authors in
         | the form of giving up our collective right to remix and
         | recombine works and profit from them in turn.
         | 
         | Particularly in the modern world of effortless free duplication
         | and distribution, that's a heavy burden to pay and it makes no
         | sense to me that we would collectively agree to pay it for many
         | decades even after the original author is dead.
        
           | yardstick wrote:
           | > First, even if the book lost copyright protection people
           | would still be free to support the author by buying copies,
           | 
           | This would pale in comparison to the status quo. There's just
           | too many people who don't pay to support free things. Just
           | look at how open source projects often struggle to find
           | funding, or relicense to non-open licenses. Or how often the
           | open source project isn't the persons full time job.
           | 
           | > Second, if the book lost copyright protection wouldn't
           | Donald, losing that revenue stream, then be motivated to
           | replace it by writing a follow up book?
           | 
           | I can't speak to anyone else's motivations but my own, but
           | for me, no, I wouldn't even bother writing the first book.
           | 
           | > that because a work is popular artists have a right to
           | continue to profit.
           | 
           | Authors like Knuth should benefit from the wealth they helped
           | others created. TAOCP provides a wealth of knowledge the
           | reader can use to improve the quality of their work product.
           | This is still a benefit long past a few decades.
           | 
           | > I think it's good to keep in mind that anything copyrighted
           | is being withheld from society at large;
           | 
           | It was not societies property in the first place.
        
       | fjfaase wrote:
       | Please note that this list is for the U.S.A.. If you live in
       | another part of the world, these books might still be
       | copyrighted. For example, in the Netherlands (like most of the
       | EU), it is +70 years, meaning we still have to wait 5 more years.
       | 
       | See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_in_public_domain
        
         | mod50ack wrote:
         | Note that for a number of EU countries, US works are in the
         | public domain once they are PD-US due to the application of the
         | rule of the shorter term.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | And in other countries, it's really unlikely you'll end up in
           | prison or sued for using something that is both 75 years old
           | and already public domain elsewhere in the world.
        
             | fjfaase wrote:
             | There are a number of books that are based on Winnie-the-
             | Pooh and quoting fragments. For a long time, I have had the
             | idea to write a kind of annotated version of the stories
             | with references to all the books that reference the text.
             | 
             | I understand Disney has the rights to the Winnie-the-Pooh
             | character and that they still might cause trouble for those
             | who publish text from the books in Europe.
        
               | mod50ack wrote:
               | None of A. A. Milne's work will enter the PD anywhere in
               | the EU until 2027, including all the elements of his
               | character Winnie the Pooh, not counting elements
               | introduced by other writers who added more later.
        
             | mannerheim wrote:
             | Germany forced Project Gutenberg to take down a few books
             | for Germans who used the site a couple years ago, despite
             | the site being entirely operated from the US.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | Sounds reasonable.
        
               | mannerheim wrote:
               | It's not reasonable for someone to assume liability in a
               | country they don't operate in.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | Did they block German traffic? And thats not snark:
               | English gambling sites used to have to block US traffic
        
               | fjfaase wrote:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29024039 for an
               | earlier discussion and details about this.
        
             | mod50ack wrote:
             | It's about equally unlikely that you'll end up in prison or
             | sued for downloading copyrighted content in the United
             | States, especially if it is PD elsewhere. In fact, if it is
             | PD elsewhere, the chances of your being prosecuted for
             | downloading it approach zero.
             | 
             | Works passing into the public domain have very little to do
             | with people actually getting practically slapped around for
             | downloading them. But they have EVERYTHING to do with
             | creating derivative works. If you create a film based on a
             | book that is PD-US but still copyrighted in the EU, you can
             | expect to get sued.
             | 
             | PD terms also affect legal libraries and archive
             | significantly.
        
             | incompatible wrote:
             | Some works from that era still have publishers enforcing
             | the copyright wherever they can. I remember some disputes
             | about the Sherlock Holmes books which expired in life + 70
             | countries but were still under copyright in the USA.
        
       | yamtaddle wrote:
       | > Jan 1, 2023 will also be a fine day for film in the public
       | domain, with Metropolis, The Jazz Singer, and Laurel and Hardy's
       | Battle of the Century entering the commons. Also notable: Wings,
       | winner of the first-ever best picture Academy Award; The Lodger,
       | Hitchcock's first thriller; and FW "Nosferatu" Mirnau's Sunrise.
       | 
       |  _Metropolis_ is so influential that I 'd call it a must-watch
       | for... well, basically any fan of popular media of any kind.
       | Film, literature, graphic arts, video games, music(!). Its
       | influence is everywhere.
       | 
       |  _Sunrise_ is one hell of a roller-coaster of a movie. As with
       | anything in the silent era (especially the non-comedy films) it
       | 's a bit of an _acquired taste_ but it 's among the earliest
       | films that I didn't just find interesting or funny, but that
       | really got me on the edge of my seat, several times. It's got
       | some real "yell at the screen" moments :-) I enjoyed it way more
       | than the director's more-iconic _Nosferatu_. Though, for my
       | money, it 's no _M_ or _The Passion of Joan of Arc_ , as silent
       | film dramas go. Still, really good, and I think a lot of critics
       | hold it in far higher regard than I do.
       | 
       | Haven't seen the rest.
       | 
       | > On the literary front, we have Virginia Woolf's To The
       | Lighthouse, AA Milne's Now We Are Six, Hemingway's Men Without
       | Women, Faulkner's Mosquitoes, Christie's The Big Four, Wharton's
       | Twilight Sleep, Hesse's Steppenwolf (in German), Kafka's Amerika
       | (in German), and Proust's Le Temps retrouve (in French).
       | 
       | Damn, what a powerhouse year in literature. And look at that, my
       | favorite novel ( _To the Lighthouse_ ) is about to be public
       | domain!
       | 
       | The Holmes news is awesome, too. Bunch of copyright troll dicks
       | have been making doing anything with Holmes risky for years.
       | Great that everyone can more-easily ignore them.
        
         | orblivion wrote:
         | I wonder how the efforts to reassemble and restore Metropolis
         | from the various archives factor into its legal status. Does
         | that count as a derivative work with its own copyright?
        
         | slater- wrote:
         | yes, it's true, I keep hearing the people everywhere clamoring
         | for their shot at remaking "The Jazz Singer."
         | 
         | (something something blackface)
        
           | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
           | It was re-made in 1980 with Neil Diamond and Laurence
           | Olivier:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer_(1980_film)
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | Getting to see 'Metropolis' in a restored movie palace with a
         | live organist playing the entire time was quite the nice
         | experience. Not sure I want to watch it at home and taint that
         | experience. Still nice for others to have the option and for
         | free.
        
         | ghghgfdfgh wrote:
         | This is the craziest thing about copyright law. Maybe it's fair
         | that an author and his family should receive compensation for
         | their work even after their deaths.
         | 
         | But Sunrise was released 95 years ago - the odds are that there
         | is nobody alive who worked on this movie, nobody alive that
         | even saw it in theaters. Why is it _not_ publicly available? I
         | doubt anyone is earning significant money off of an extremely
         | old movie that caters to a niche audience - if the media is so
         | old that it is both literally and aesthetically irrelevant in
         | society, it 's astounding that it wouldn't have been in the
         | public domain already. It's a massive shame that Disney's
         | corporate plots have been a detriment to other media that isn't
         | generating huge profits. I only wish that "Steamboat Willie"
         | going into the public domain will bring about some sort of
         | copyright reform.
        
           | joshspankit wrote:
           | I very much doubt that anyone involved in Sunrise is pushing
           | for the "copyright extensions".
           | 
           | Steamboat Willie on the other hand... Even when he finally
           | goes, Disney will be arguing for every single version of
           | Mickey Mouse as a separately-copyrightable entity and
           | therefore keep hold of him for even longer.
        
         | ArtWomb wrote:
         | Puttin' on the Ritz, covered by everyone from Taco to Young
         | Frankenstein. What a joy to improve upon Irving Berlin's
         | nearly-flawless lyrics ;)
         | 
         | Jeeves & Wooster 'Puttin' on the Ritz
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LObPaCloY8E
        
         | whycome wrote:
         | Metropolis + AI could result in some cool outputs.
        
           | runarberg wrote:
           | It actually could be kind of interesting to have AI fill in
           | the missing segments. I believe there are only 2 remaining,
           | and we roughly know what is supposed to be there, but not
           | able to restore it because of how few original copies remain.
           | So you should be able to do a supervised learning to
           | interpolate the remaining scenes and be fairly confident that
           | it matches the version that was premiered in 1927.
        
         | weregiraffe wrote:
         | >Metropolis is so influential that I'd call it a must-watch
         | for... well, basically any fan of popular media of any kind.
         | Film, literature, graphic arts, video games, music(!). Its
         | influence is everywhere.
         | 
         | And notice that it managed to be extremely influential WITHOUT
         | being in public domain.
        
         | grujicd wrote:
         | I disliked Metropolis quite a lot. Maybe it was influential and
         | was probably a gamechanger at a time. But is it good in any way
         | from today's point of view? I'm not talking about effects or
         | scenography which could not technically be better at that era.
         | I'm talking about acting and script which look abysmal to me. I
         | would probably not have this kind of opinion but it's often on
         | some kind of top list and my expectations were high. Maybe I'm
         | missing something? Or is it just touted for historical
         | significance?
         | 
         | It's not that I have a problem with old movies. Casablanca came
         | out only 15 years after Metropolis and is perfect in every way
         | I care about.
        
           | wazoox wrote:
           | Acting in silent movies is entirely different from what came
           | later. That's why most silent stars didn't make it into the
           | "talkie" era.
           | 
           | Just like aliens in 60s movies speak English and are
           | obviously people in disguise, you just have to adhere to the
           | conventions of the time.
           | 
           | Similarly, the ways to make the script go forward are usually
           | quite different from what came later, because of the constant
           | interruption required by text inserts.
           | 
           | Last, the musical score is important. A bad one can make of
           | break a silent film (versions from archive.org and similar
           | sites often have random music instead of a true score).
           | 
           | So you may need to learn the way of the silent movies before
           | really appreciating them (out of slapstick comedy such as
           | Harold Lloyd and Buster Keaton).
        
           | yamtaddle wrote:
           | Silent-era sensibilities are very different from even WWII-
           | era talkies. The field developed whole bunch, very fast. A
           | lot of those films are difficult to appreciate without active
           | effort to acclimatize oneself to them, much the same way lots
           | of people bounce off classical music or jazz (or hip-hop, or
           | heavy metal, or most musical genres, really) until they've
           | had a bit more exposure and learned _how_ to enjoy them.
           | Plus, a lot of them were leaning _really hard_ into one
           | movement or another, and Metropolis is one of those (many)
           | cases, so what it 's _aiming_ to do well isn 't necessarily
           | the same set of things most modern films would aim to do well
           | (and indeed, off the beaten path you can find plenty of
           | modern films that similarly target some particular effect or
           | art movement, which can also take a bit of adjustment to
           | one's expectations to enjoy)
           | 
           | Acting in particular has gone through some serious changes as
           | fashions come and go, and most any style one encounters aside
           | from what's now in-vogue tends to come off as corny. Even
           | Casablanca, which is ahead of its time in many ways (for an
           | American movie, anyway--the US lagged in some film technique
           | developments at the time, compared with other markets)
           | features acting that's less-naturalistic than what's popular
           | now. Also, changes in editing have really made a difference
           | in how performances come across, which is _part_ of why
           | watching a scene being filmed from a behind-the-scenes camera
           | can make the acting seem off or bad--because it 's not being
           | filtered through modern shot-framing and editing.
           | 
           | IMO the comedies suffer the least and remain fairly
           | accessible (no matter when you were born, if you can't laugh
           | at Chaplin and Keaton, there's something wrong with you) but,
           | for most people, approaching the rest of the silent era is
           | more a _project_ than something you can just dip into here
           | and there and expect to have a good time. The field was
           | immature, the whole  "silent" part of it takes some getting
           | used to, and there was a whole lot of art-movement-influenced
           | experimentation going on.
           | 
           | There is, however, a lot of variety in styles in the silent
           | film era, especially in foreign film. If you don't like 20s
           | German expressionist films, try films of the 30s (IMO the
           | silent era got a _lot_ better toward the end), try American
           | films, try French, try Spanish, Russian, stuff like that.
           | Weird absurdist Spanish films that evoke the atmosphere of
           | Monty Python, shocking short films, heart-rending dramas,
           | cheap action schlock, about-the-town documentary or semi-
           | fictional films, heavy-handed allegory--lots of stuff to
           | explore. Plus the comedies, of which many are excellent and
           | most are fairly accessible to a modern audience.
           | 
           | [EDIT] If you want something a bit easier to chew on, from
           | the same director as Metropolis, _M_ , which I mentioned in
           | my first post, is much closer to a modern film, in terms of
           | its storytelling and its plot structure.
        
           | nix0n wrote:
           | The thing that you're missing is the reappearance in other
           | places of Metropolis's visual style. It's probably easier to
           | see if you're a fan of Art Deco. It might also be easier to
           | see if you watch Tron, which also was influential via visual
           | style (in a different direction and lesser degree than
           | Metropolis).
        
           | wodenokoto wrote:
           | A lot of people feel the same way about Casablanca.
           | 
           | My advice is: you don't have to like it.
           | 
           | If you are lucky you'll stumble across an article or YouTube
           | video that goes into details about how metropolis inspired
           | movies _you_ love and on the back of that you can rewatch it
           | as a sort of "behind the scenes" experience.
        
             | BolexNOLA wrote:
             | Really like this idea of considering it BTS. Going to file
             | that one away for future use. Appreciate it!
        
       | t-writescode wrote:
       | Does anyone know any motions in place to adjust copyright to a
       | more reasonable time frame, even providing exceptions for
       | companies like Disney, which harm all of us by their continual
       | extension? It'd be nice to know what group to throw money at and
       | ask how I can help.
        
       | kristopolous wrote:
       | Will the relevant YouTube videos that are "blocked in my country
       | on copyright grounds" get unblocked on that day?
       | 
       | Anyone from YouTube know if this is the case?
        
       | phone8675309 wrote:
       | How magnanimous of the corporations that have a stranglehold on
       | our culture to allow us peons to have access to works nearly a
       | century old.
       | 
       | Thank you, corporate masters.
        
       | dark-star wrote:
       | ...that is, unless Disney can force another extension to
       | Copyright law in the next couple days. I wouldn't be surprised if
       | they did (or tried, at least)
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | Tbh it would have been better if we just allowed corporations
         | to continue paying to extend their own copyrights forever and
         | everything that's no longer commercially viable or doesn't have
         | an entity owning it just gets freed quickly.
        
           | efsavage wrote:
           | Yes, they should be able to pay a fee to extend beyond a fair
           | time (~50 years?) based on a declared value of the work. To
           | ensure the declared value is realistic, they then must sell
           | the work to anyone that offers more than the declared value.
        
             | ygjb wrote:
             | I couldn't possibly see how studios would abuse buying up
             | rights to content and shelving them...
             | 
             |  _looks at the fiasco related to content being shelved at
             | WB for tax write-offs_
             | 
             | Under that model corporations could buy up content that
             | should become public domain, depriving the public of rights
             | to it, and get a tax credit for it :P
        
           | cmeacham98 wrote:
           | Can you explain how this is better? Also, how would we write
           | a law to determine if something is "commercially viable"?
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | The idea is specifically to solve the orphan works problem.
             | 
             | Practically speaking, life+70 is not that far off from
             | perpetual copyright _anyway_. Nobody cares if a book
             | published today will be escheated to the public domain in
             | 2093, and very few works from 1927 are valuable enough to
             | retain copyright today. In fact, it 's so valueless that
             | the vast majority of works still under copyright do not
             | have public documentation of title. The only way to find
             | out who owns these works is to get sued for pirating them.
             | 
             | So the idea is to create some kind of small formality that
             | people have to jump through in order to retain ownership
             | over a work, because _vastly more_ works will hit the
             | public domain even if it means Mickey Mouse will always and
             | forever live in a cramped pet store cage shaped like a
             | circle-C.
             | 
             | How to define "commercially viable" is... complicated. You
             | can either make copyright fully pay-to-play to soak Disney,
             | or you can err on the side of cheap renewals. I've also
             | heard talk of sliding-scales based on taxable value of the
             | property under copyright. I don't think it really matters
             | as long as we have a reasonable process to strip orphan
             | works of their copyright protection.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Mickey Mouse should be under copyright and Mickey Mouse
               | should be taxed to an inch of his nasty rodent life are
               | two separate questions and should be handled as such. A
               | small fee should be fine (much less than the total cost
               | of a patent, say) perhaps with a requirement to keep the
               | work publicly available (print on demand and digital
               | makes this relatively easy).
        
               | dmitryminkovsky wrote:
               | > The only way to find out who owns these works is to get
               | sued for pirating them.
               | 
               | Basically "old time radio" too.
        
             | Gigachad wrote:
             | The copyright owner determines that. Put some price on
             | renewal and let the owner decide if they want to pay it or
             | not. For the vast majority of content, it's worthless after
             | x years and they will just let it lapse.
             | 
             | We could then shorten copyright down to something like 20
             | years and anything still being sold or used can be renewed
             | while completely obsolete gameboy games become freed.
             | 
             | Even if the fee was something like $10/year, probably the
             | majority of copyrights would not be renewed.
        
             | MarioMan wrote:
             | If the copyright makes more money than it costs to
             | maintain, then it is financially viable. I often see this
             | approach proposed alongside a renewal fee that rises each
             | time it is renewed, so that works will eventually become
             | too expensive to maintain copyright on and thus aren't held
             | in perpetuity.
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | What stops people from buying 1000 copyrights, then using
               | the profitable ones to pay the ongoing fees while also
               | buying more?
        
             | LordDragonfang wrote:
             | The law isn't making that determination, the entities
             | paying to indefinitely extend its copyright are (presumably
             | at exponentially increasing rates). If it isn't viable,
             | they don't pay and the copyright lapses.
        
             | richardwhiuk wrote:
             | As in as a company you have to pay to extend copyright on a
             | certain work.
        
           | joshspankit wrote:
           | Then we just get super-sized patent trolls who pay the
           | copyright fees for everything they can get their hands on
        
           | regulation_d wrote:
           | I strongly disagree. And not just because copyright in
           | perpetuity is unconstitutional. The value in a rich public
           | domain is vastly under-appreciated. The default position is
           | that IP is not protectable by law, because the free exchange
           | of ideas is extremely important to modern society.
           | 
           | Certainly we have carved out exceptions to that default
           | position, but only for very clear and distinct policy
           | reasons. 1. consumer protection (trademark) and 2.
           | incentivizing innovation and expression (patent and
           | copyright).
           | 
           | The idea that my great-great-grandchildren might want to
           | benefit from my having written a book really does not factor
           | into whether I might write a book. If I'm not incentivized by
           | life of the author + 70 years, I would probably not otherwise
           | be incentivized.
           | 
           | Also, corporations don't pay to extend their copyrights.
           | Other than the money Disney pays their lobbyists.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | I'm doubting a Republican Congress will go out of its way to
         | support Disney. The fake "culture wars" may yield some
         | unintended benefits.
        
         | GloriousKoji wrote:
         | Disney is over lobbying for copyright and instead went for the
         | legal gymnastics gold of extending Trademark protections (which
         | never expire) to things that should fall under copyright law.
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | Steamboat Willie doesn't go public domain until 2024, so
         | there's technically another year.
         | 
         | Disney is unlikely to attempt to push through another copyright
         | term extension (see https://arstechnica.com/tech-
         | policy/2018/01/hollywood-says-i... for fuller details). The two
         | main reasons are that there is a much more forceful caucus in
         | politics against copyright extension than there was 25 years
         | ago, and the arguments for doing so are weaker (the copyright
         | extension 25 years ago was partially driven by raising
         | copyright term in the US from "life + 50" to "life + 70", in
         | line with European standards).
         | 
         | If one pays careful attention however, one would note that
         | Disney has, over the past few years, started using a clip from
         | Steamboat Willie more aggressively in its films, which has led
         | many to wonder if they're planning on taking down anyone who
         | distributes Steamboat Willie on the basis of trademark
         | violations instead.
        
           | class4behavior wrote:
           | In this case "European standards" are the product of US
           | corporations - among others - laying foundation for the
           | support of reforms at home.
        
             | mannerheim wrote:
             | Life + 50 was in much of Europe in 1886 with the Berne
             | Convention. Germany had a copyright duration of 80 years
             | after the death of the author at one point; blaming US
             | corporations for this is absurd when Europe has had plenty
             | of domestic publishers with entrenched interests in longer
             | copyright durations.
        
             | mardifoufs wrote:
             | European copyright laws have often been much stricter than
             | in the US, in part because publishers have long been very
             | close to the state (in countries like France and Germanu
             | for example). If anything, Europe has been the bad
             | influence historically, and has pionniered copyright
             | treaties as the sibling comment mentions. It's crazy what
             | some Europeans can blame the US for though.
        
           | kneebonian wrote:
           | I've noticed them putting steam boat willie in all of the
           | credits, at the same time things were going into the public
           | domain, I had always assumed that was the game plan.
           | 
           | Make steamboat willie trademark not copyright, and the laws
           | become a lot more flexible around that.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | They have said they wont because people notice and care now.
         | 
         | Thats an interest way of interacting in society. I want that
         | power.
        
         | Sunspark wrote:
         | No extension in the next couple days, but there will be another
         | 20+ year extension purchased within the next 11 years. Why? To
         | make sure 1938 doesn't go PD.
         | 
         | I will leave it up to the reader as an exercise to determine
         | what is special about 1938.
        
           | daemoens wrote:
           | What's special about 1938?
        
             | leviathant wrote:
             | I'm going to guess the reference here is Superman
        
               | Sunspark wrote:
               | That's right! DC Comics is owned by Warner Brothers.
               | 
               | In 1939 you have Namor the Sub-Mariner which is owned by
               | Disney.
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | I wonder what Siegel and Shuster would say
        
           | andirk wrote:
           | When Itchy & Scratchy teamed up for the war effort [0]?
           | Documents on Prescott Bush, grandfather of Bush Jr, who
           | happily sold steel to the Nazis and created the current Bush
           | family pile [1]?
           | 
           | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vhL6QsPGac
           | 
           | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/25/usa.secondw
           | orl...
        
           | ebiester wrote:
           | Is the start of the golden age of comic books enough? I'm
           | honestly not convinced.
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | DC certainly isn't succeeding at a media empire lately,
             | though I guess they have 11 years to go.
             | 
             | There's a lot of valuable stories in Golden Age comics. One
             | thing that makes them unique(?) is so many of them are
             | total surreal nonsense, like the writers hadn't slept in a
             | month, or their studios all had carbon monoxide leaks.
             | Don't think you'll get that from a modern work environment.
             | 
             | https://www.printmag.com/comics-animation-design/fletcher-
             | ha...
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | https://comicbookplus.com
               | 
               | Enjoy.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | They stopped doing that a while ago. They realized it didn't
         | matter and was more beneficial for them so they can scoop up
         | more public domain and make more movies out of it.
        
           | phist_mcgee wrote:
           | Kids don't care about Mickey they care about Rocket Raccoon.
        
             | Pet_Ant wrote:
             | Yeah, I realised my children, barely a decade old, don't
             | really know the cartoon characters I took for evergreen as
             | a child: Mickey Mouse, Bugs Bunny, Tom & Jerry, Yogi Bear,
             | Woody Woodpecker and Rocky & Bullwinkle. I mean they could
             | probably name all of them, but don't really have an
             | attachment or think they belong to a pantheon of any sorts.
             | 
             | I assume that companies foresaw this coming and decided not
             | to invest in further developing or promoting characters
             | that they couldn't have exclusive merchandising rights for
             | the foreseeable future. Just making money off a new movie
             | isn't enough if you can't have sole rights to license the
             | t-shirts and have the current children introduce it to
             | their children.
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | They aren't stuck with 6 TV channels to choose from and
               | they don't have the privilege of Saturday morning
               | cartoons to introduce all of them. They have curated
               | experiences on streaming apps.
        
               | joshspankit wrote:
               | And yet; if those characters were public domain they
               | might be alive and well in the imagination of children
               | today.
        
               | gus_massa wrote:
               | I tested with my 5 years old daughter:
               | 
               | * She knows Mikey and Minie, I was sure about that, but I
               | asked her anyway what kind of animal they are. [Hi from
               | Argentina. In Spanish(es-ar) it's not obvious that "Mikey
               | Mouse" is a "raton".] She likes them.
               | 
               | * Surprisingly, she knows Tom and Jerry, but she thinks
               | it's a cat and _two_ mice (??). I guess my brother show
               | her a few cartoons (??), and in some of them Jerry has a
               | friend (??).
               | 
               | * All the other are dead. They have been good characters.
        
               | flobosg wrote:
               | > but she thinks it's a cat and _two_ mice (??)
               | 
               | > and in some of them Jerry has a friend (??)
               | 
               | That's probably Nibbles:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibbles_(Tom_and_Jerry)
        
           | jonny_eh wrote:
           | It's incredible the amount of damage they've done in the
           | meantime. If only they can rollback the changes they, and
           | their lackeys, pushed through.
        
             | weregiraffe wrote:
             | >It's incredible the amount of damage they've done in the
             | meantime
             | 
             | How can you quantify this damage?
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | MaxBarraclough wrote:
           | > They realized it didn't matter and was more beneficial for
           | them so they can scoop up more public domain and make more
           | movies out of it.
           | 
           | I don't have anything concrete to back this up, but it seems
           | more likely to me that they just don't see much potential
           | revenue in content from the 1920's, so they see little to be
           | gained from further spending on copyright-extension lobbying.
           | 
           | Put another way, they've already succeeded. Copyright terms
           | aren't actually unending, but in profit terms (or practical
           | terms more broadly) the difference is minimal.
        
             | zerocrates wrote:
             | Doesn't really make sense, as these same 20s works were the
             | ones that were kept out of the public domain the first time
             | around with the Copyright Term Extension Act.
        
         | mannerheim wrote:
         | Disney gets blamed a lot for this, but I don't really buy it.
         | The copyright extension in '76 brought America into the same
         | copyright duration as stipulated by the Berne Convention of
         | 1886 (although the US would not sign on until a decade later),
         | and the Sonny Bono act extended copyright length to the same as
         | what had been harmonised in the EU a few years prior; Germany
         | had had notoriously long copyright lengths, lasting 80 years
         | past the death of the author at one point.
         | 
         | Don't get me wrong, copyright length is certainly too long, but
         | blaming Disney is rather Americentric, considering the US was
         | rather late to the game on long copyright durations.
        
           | joshspankit wrote:
           | What do you say about the timing of the extensions?
        
             | mannerheim wrote:
             | For the CTEA (which is the one called the Mickey Mouse
             | Act), that was only a few years after the EU copyright
             | harmonisation in '93. Disney lobbied heavily for that, of
             | course, and it was in their interest to do so, but it's
             | likely it would have passed anyway if the EU had tied
             | favourable trade deal conditions to harmonising copyright
             | duration; the Senate report for the act specifically cites
             | trade with the EU as a motivation.
             | 
             | The Copyright Act of 1976 increased the duration
             | specifically in order to comply with the Berne Convention
             | the US would end up joining. There's not a particular
             | reason for why '76, other than legislators finally decided
             | the US would join what was considered the international
             | standard.
             | 
             | Both of these were more or less coincidences, in my
             | opinion.
        
       | melllvar wrote:
       | Along these same lines, Tom Lehrer recently put all of his works
       | (music and lyrics) into the public domain. Downloadable from his
       | site [0] where there's a notice to this effect.
       | 
       | [0]: https://tomlehrersongs.com/
        
       | divbzero wrote:
       | To put US copyright duration [1] in perspective:
       | 
       | - If you published something and die today, it will not enter
       | public domain until January 1, 2093.
       | 
       | - If a company hires you to publish something today, it will not
       | enter public domain until January 1, 2118.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-duration.html
        
         | robin_reala wrote:
         | You can always choose to dedicate your work to the public
         | domain via a grant like CC0.
        
           | taink wrote:
           | It is not always legal to do so; in some countries it is
           | impossible to forego your copyrights. CC0 is a tool that
           | allows to get as close as possible to a public domain
           | dedication.
           | 
           | See https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-
           | domain/cc...
        
         | darknavi wrote:
         | Doesn't this also assume there aren't any more legal
         | extensions?
        
         | AlanSE wrote:
         | Those dates will be just in time for people to read the
         | earliest wave cli-fi books as they're living through it!
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related (but we moved most comments hither):
       | 
       |  _2023 's public domain is a banger_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34071163
        
       | a-dub wrote:
       | cue science fiction plot: the robots walk among us, but there's a
       | gap in their knowledge that goes back one hundred years from
       | their activation dates, after the great rights wars locked down
       | robot access to nearly any copyrightable human knowledge.
       | 
       | the real ai wars end up being purely about intellectual property.
       | 
       | society flirts with repeating history as the mistakes of the past
       | are revealed to half of us from a hundred years ago, year by
       | year.
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | So in theory every streaming service could put all these movies
       | on their service, right?
       | 
       | And I could sell a box set of "top movies of 1927"?
        
         | cmeacham98 wrote:
         | In the US, yes (not willing to make a claim about IP laws in
         | every country).
         | 
         | Although I'm not sure how big the market will be as it will
         | also be completely legal to share and download them on internet
         | for free.
        
         | pavlov wrote:
         | Yes. But they are black-and-white and silent, which severely
         | limits the audience these days.
         | 
         | Some of these movies have circulated with more recent
         | soundtracks, and those are off limits. In particular there's a
         | somewhat infamous 1984 version of "Metropolis" with music
         | produced by Giorgio Moroder and Freddie Mercury. That won't be
         | in the public domain until 2079...
        
           | not2b wrote:
           | A streaming service could hire musicians to do a new score
           | for public domain silent movies, they would then have the
           | exclusive right to distribute the combined work.
        
         | LeoPanthera wrote:
         | Yes, yes.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-12-21 23:02 UTC)