[HN Gopher] Is forced treatment for the mentally ill ever humane?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Is forced treatment for the mentally ill ever humane?
        
       Author : MoSattler
       Score  : 61 points
       Date   : 2022-12-20 19:33 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | mythrwy wrote:
       | Looking around at insane and drugged up street people (for
       | instance) intuitively I say "Yes definitely, and it should be
       | more widely practiced!".
       | 
       | Then I remember how the definition of mental illness has changed
       | over the years and think how it might change in the future, and
       | now I'm not so sure.
        
         | Baeocystin wrote:
         | I fully agree that this is a genuinely difficult, multi-factor
         | problem with no easy answers.
         | 
         | I also think that there are _a lot_ of  'low-hanging fruit'
         | level of options available, that seem to be disregarded in
         | today's all-or-nothing environment. Specific example: During my
         | short, ~10-block drive to the 101, I pass a good half-dozen
         | regulars who are either screaming at the aether, wandering
         | erratically through traffic, flinging things at passing
         | people/cars, or in one case literally rolling around on the
         | onramp between cars. This is not an exaggeration, or hyperbole.
         | 
         | These people need to be in an institution. Maybe with
         | treatment, they can recover. Maybe they will be there for the
         | rest of their lives. Maybe some form of halfway-house works
         | best. But I can't think of any good-faith argument that leads
         | to the status quo being the best choice for either them or
         | society at large. Surely we can come to a societal agreement
         | about what to do for this level of dysfunction?
        
         | LexGray wrote:
         | That question would be is forced denial of treatment for the
         | mentally ill ever humane. I question how many mentally ill
         | people on the street are there because they were given a choice
         | to avoid treatment or if they were driven there by
         | circumstances. The cognitive disruption of most mental health
         | treatments would make most any sane person question their value
         | versus quality of life.
         | 
         | I do agree that mental illness definitions are a problem. Even
         | forcing treatment on just those who are a danger to society
         | makes me leery given that hostile social posts are now a social
         | danger.
        
         | TulliusCicero wrote:
         | Seems like the threshold should probably be whether it's
         | substantially interfering with their ability to interface with
         | the rest of society, especially in terms of breaking laws. Many
         | people in the situation you describe no longer seem capable of
         | regulating their own behavior.
        
         | gernb wrote:
         | There's a mentally ill person who lives outside my apartment.
         | Every day/night she screams at the top of her voice about
         | random things. I feel very sorry for her but at some point she
         | needs to be moved and taken somewhere. She has no right to
         | subject the entire neighborhood to her rants. All of our
         | collective santity outweights her issues. It's not that
         | different than a repeat criminal. Reguardless of reasons, at
         | some point they're too much of a net negative to society.
         | Dealing with them in some humane way is ideal but those 2
         | things are separate concerns IMO.
         | 
         | Meaning there are 2 issues
         | 
         | (1) Save everyone else from someone's distruptive behavior
         | 
         | (2) Deal with the person in the best possible way
         | 
         | You can solve (1) and not solve (2). Being not able to solve
         | (2) perfectly does not invalidate the need to solve (1)
        
           | horsawlarway wrote:
           | Yup - I think it's very important to point out that there are
           | two different problems to solve here.
           | 
           | 1) What sort of behaviors is a community willing to tolerate
           | 
           | 2) What does that community do with people who are unable to
           | stay within the confines of tolerated behavior
           | 
           | The problem is that asymmetrical answers to the two questions
           | can create a strange grey-zone, where problems linger.
           | 
           | For example - if you murder someone, I don't think many
           | people are going to argue against you spending some time in
           | prison. The response is in line with the severity of the
           | action.
           | 
           | But... if you say, consistently piss in the elevators of your
           | local metro (even though public bathrooms are available),
           | most folks aren't sure prison is the right answer. Ideally -
           | we'd just keep you out of the metro entirely - but setting up
           | that system is very expensive when we're dealing with a very
           | small number of bad actors.
           | 
           | On the flip side - that small number of bad actors is doing
           | _considerable_ damage long term. They 're making metro usage
           | far less pleasant, driving down ridership, increasing
           | cleaning costs, reducing public health, and requiring
           | additional staff in attempts at monitoring. Each other member
           | of society is only inconvenienced a relatively minor amount,
           | but they're impacting a very large number of them by
           | degrading a public and shared service.
           | 
           | The same is true of those who camp/sleep outside of
           | businesses, or scream & rant in public spaces, or do drugs in
           | public spaces. They are actively harming the space they are
           | using at large, and are unwilling to stop or unable regulate
           | themselves.
           | 
           | So what do we do with those people? What is a proportional
           | action that we can take that prevents the damage this person
           | is causing at scale?
           | 
           | Prison/Jail rarely work - because the damage of each
           | individual occurrence is small, they are usually out very
           | quickly.
           | 
           | Providing housing can resolve problems in some cases, but
           | there are people who are actively unwilling to stay in
           | publicly provided housing (for a variety of reasons -
           | although the most common I see is consistent drug use,
           | closely followed by serious mental illness).
           | 
           | Meds can definitely help - but the category of people
           | creating these disturbances generally have trouble
           | consistently taking meds (again - for a variety of reasons
           | including access to services and payment, but not the least
           | is active, personal resistance)
           | 
           | So... if we've ruled out (as in - tried and failed) self
           | medication + housing + prison... where do we go?
           | 
           | Because at that point - I'm not really convinced that forced
           | treatment and care are really unreasonable responses. It is
           | far more cost effective to gather these folks in a single
           | place and confine them there than it is to allow them to roam
           | and attempt to stop their problem behavior at the place it
           | occurs. It's the difference between 10 guards, a large
           | facility home, and medical staff - versus thousands of
           | required staff spread over a city.
        
         | tracerbulletx wrote:
         | We need to do the best we can with the information and morality
         | we have, we've become paralyzed into inaction by fear of doing
         | anything wrong and the ghosts of atrocities past.
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | We had asylums where we locked up mentally ill peopl. They were
       | treated in a most horrible way in general. I have seen pictures
       | and documentaries and a lot of them were nightmares.
       | 
       | Then we tore down the asylums and set the inmates free. Good job.
       | 
       | You are free. Live your lives in happiness. Nobody will force
       | treatment up on you.
       | 
       | In fact getting treatment is close to impossible in the US.
       | 
       | Many people without treatment get progressively worse.
       | 
       | A lot of start using alcohol or other drugs to try to manage
       | their lives. For most people that does not turn out all that well
       | over time. They had added a component that will give them even
       | more problems.
       | 
       | Now prison is full of people with mental illness who ought not to
       | be there. They have become the new asylums.
       | 
       | The prison cannot provide the care and treatment required.
       | 
       | This is not progress.
       | 
       | What was needed before, and is needed now is appropriate
       | treatment for each person.
       | 
       | Some can do well with speech therapy. Some need to be tied to a
       | bed. A lot.
       | 
       | Between those extremes there is a near infinite palette of mental
       | problems. No two people are the same, even if they are given the
       | same diagnosis.
       | 
       | (Diagnosis in itself is a difficult thing to get right, and
       | requires observation / follow up over a long period of time. Not
       | just when they are having an episode. )
       | 
       | Treatment of mental illness is almost universally a part of
       | healthcare with low funding.
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | What about the rest of us that have to endure them shouting at us
       | in the streets?
       | 
       | Yes - it is humane for them AND for us.
        
         | throwayyy479087 wrote:
         | The general public isn't part of the Blessed Set of Protected
         | Minorities so we don't count. What counts is the disadvantaged,
         | and the more disadvantaged they are the more we're required to
         | turn a blind eye to disruptive behavior. Homeless people, being
         | at the bottom of the stack, are allowed to do basically
         | anything and criticism of this fact will get you fired and
         | cancelled.
         | 
         | Ironically, this seems like true freedom to me - do whatever
         | you want to whoever, with no fear of consequences. Just have to
         | deal with the lack of dignity and resources.
        
       | mullen wrote:
       | This is why we can't have nice things in this country. It's
       | always comes down to some rhetorical discussion about edge cases
       | and possibilities of how a tiny fraction of people might be
       | negatively impacted, so let's not do it.
       | 
       | Let's frame it this way, "Is it humane to allow people be a slave
       | to their mental illness and living on the streets?" The answer is
       | clearly, "no". Allowing the mentally ill to live on the streets
       | betters no ones life and causes many issues for everyone. If
       | people with a mental health issue can not or will not take care
       | of themselves, then someone else has to do it (IE: The
       | Government).
       | 
       | It is humane for everyone if the mentally ill are forced to get
       | treatment or confined if they refuse it.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | > It is humane for everyone if the mentally ill are forced to
         | get treatment or confined if they refuse it.
         | 
         | Definitely not, unless they're actively harming you because
         | self-defense is always justified. Short of that it's none of
         | your business.
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | You may have misunderstood what humane means in this context.
           | It is definitely society's business that our fellows don't
           | live eating out of garbage cans while swearing obscenities at
           | no one in particular on the sidewalk. Encampments also breed
           | rats, disease, drugs, and prostitution.
           | 
           | It was never acceptable to allow this and we no longer have
           | the excuses of the old days--that we don't have the resources
           | to help them.
           | 
           | https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/03/typhus-
           | tu...
        
             | guerrilla wrote:
             | > You may have misunderstood what humane means in this
             | context. It is definitely society's business that our
             | fellows don't live eating out of garbage cans while
             | swearing obscenities at no one in particular on the
             | sidewalk. Encampments also breed rats, disease, drugs, and
             | prostitution.
             | 
             | You can offer as much help as you want, but you can't force
             | it on anyone. I think we should give them all free housing,
             | food and whatever else they may need, but we can't use
             | violence and imprisonment on them in any other case than
             | self-defense. That would be a violation of bodily autonomy
             | and extremely illiberal.
        
               | mixmastamyk wrote:
               | Oh definitely we can, and society often does and should
               | limit the autonomy of individuals for the greater good,
               | e.g.: Driving is a "privilege" not a right. You may be
               | placed in a conservatorship or similar if not capable of
               | taking care of yourself. Your right to throw punches ends
               | at other people's noses. Folks with dementia often have
               | mobility limits placed on them.
               | 
               | Either these folks are deemed competent or they are not.
               | 
               | Also, you've used the word violence here to give the
               | appearance that this is the same as assault, but it not.
               | It is humane care for those who need it.
        
               | progman32 wrote:
               | Your example of driving privilege is inapt. My
               | hypothetical privilege to drive is not rejected based on
               | my ability to take care of myself. It is rejected on my
               | ability to take care of others around me.
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | I was my ex's caregiver for decades. Today she lives in a local
       | homeless community and her wellbeing is often at risk.
       | 
       | Could she have had a different outcome through forced treatment?
       | Yes and no.
       | 
       | The technical answer is No because the treatment she needs
       | doesn't exist here (extended-term, inpatient, safe). There's
       | nothing to commit her to.
       | 
       | If the treatment she needs existed, could I have committed her
       | against her will? Probably not. It would require LEO assistance
       | and (due to reality) husbands are generally considered to pose a
       | heightened risk of gaslighting.
        
       | kneebonian wrote:
       | Interesting prespective on forced treatment for the mentally ill
       | here:
       | 
       | https://slatestarcodex.com/2016/03/07/reverse-voxsplaining-p...
        
       | DaniloDias wrote:
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | > Many liberals blame Ronald Reagan for the government's
       | abandonment of mentally ill Americans.
       | 
       | Thats a fascinating stretch of the truth. Most sociologists,
       | public health professionals, and public policy researchers can
       | directly link "Reagans army" to the mans policies quantitatively.
       | its less of a blame game and more of a fact of life the
       | thatcher/reagan neoliberalist push essentially relegated the
       | mentally ill to freeway underpasses and drug store parking lots.
       | Those that didnt wind up screaming at stop signs or dancing nude
       | through the streets instead have gone on to commit some of
       | American societies most horrific mass shootings.
       | 
       | > Many administrations in California have had opportunities to
       | reverse Reagan
       | 
       | in '67 sure, but by 1981 his federal cessation of funding for ANY
       | state mental health services would have made the effort near
       | Sisyphean. Alex Barnard doesnt do much to shore up the Gippers
       | legacy outside of the prescriptive myopia that we should ignore
       | the past and just look to the future now because
       | $add_reason_later.
       | 
       | Treat mental illness just like real illness and stop pretending
       | its some special category of sorta-problem we cant do anything
       | about because, surprise, we havent invested any money into its
       | research, treatment, or cure since Dutch decided to gut funding
       | 41 years ago before slipping into Dementia himself.
        
       | patientplatypus wrote:
        
       | kelseyfrog wrote:
       | https://archive.vn/Togvj
        
       | ravenstine wrote:
       | No, but neither is allowing the mentally ill to remain ill.
       | There's no win to pontificating over this issue. The only way to
       | win is to get lucky when treating someone's mental illness and
       | they happen to respond to it.
        
         | blurri wrote:
         | To get lucky treating someone's mental illness if they allow
         | you to treat them you mean?
        
       | zozbot234 wrote:
       | Tangentially related: ACX "in partial, grudging defense of the
       | Hearing Voices movement":
       | https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/in-partial-grudging-de...
       | 
       | AIUI, the blog author points out that if you really want to
       | comprehensively replace institutionalized, forced treatment, some
       | sort of self-organized peer support is the best reasonable
       | alternative - one that, arguably, has barely been tried. Related:
       | Prison and mental illness
       | https://slatestarcodex.com/2016/03/07/reverse-voxsplaining-p... -
       | _My Brother Ron_ https://slatestarcodex.com/2016/03/31/book-
       | review-my-brother...
        
       | rr808 wrote:
       | Does anyone know of numbers of who used to be locked up in
       | asylums etc? It seems to have been more common and I have no clue
       | about how often it happens now. Reagan closed the mental
       | hospitals?
        
       | malcolmgreaves wrote:
       | San Francisco is what happens if you answer "no" to this
       | question.
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | Implicit in the question is that we even understand what the
       | right treatment should be. Once upon a time, doctors would have
       | enthusiastically recommended lobotomies. Would we have nodded
       | along?
       | 
       | I think the ethical conundrum lessens if there actually is a
       | clear, proven, effective treatment. We often make decisions on
       | behalf of people who aren't able to make the right choice for
       | themselves, and I don't think a pathological commitment to
       | individual liberty should constrain us in cases where there is
       | the possibility of dramatically improving someone's wellbeing.
        
         | mixmastamyk wrote:
         | It's 2022 not 1922 or earlier; no one is advocating medieval
         | treatments.
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | An old friend has a niece with a life-long, major mental illness.
       | When off her medications (I've lost count of how many times, over
       | the years), she goes "on the run", and phones home to various
       | family members (often many times per day) with angry rants -
       | which very often include threats of great bodily harm and/or
       | death. Her grip on reality in that state is rather poor -
       | asserting that Bugs Bunny and the CIA are conspiring to create a
       | brain controlled army of polar bears with space lasers would not
       | be unusual.
       | 
       | When on her medications, she is a relatively pleasant & rational
       | person, usually able to hold an entry-level job.
       | 
       | Her family do not want to throw her in jail for all the threats
       | (I'm not asserting that they could, if they wanted to), she
       | _really_ does not like the side effects of her medications, and
       | (under the current system) neither confining her to a long-term
       | mental health facility, nor reliably forcing her to take her
       | medications seem to be available options. (Her family has talked
       | to lawyers about their options more than once.)
       | 
       | What would be the "humane" thing to do? In composing your answer,
       | please recall that her family are also humans, and - barring a
       | premature death - she is likely to outlive most of them.
       | 
       | Edit: Thank you for all the replies, but my 4th-paragraph
       | question was intended to be rhetorical. My point is that the
       | case-by-case reality, even from the PoV of a well-to-do family
       | that really seems to care about the mentally ill person, is often
       | agonizingly difficult.
        
         | tensor wrote:
         | I have a high school friend who is the same way. It's beyond
         | traumatizing for his friends and family. Many of them live in
         | fear. Same story, neither confining him nor forcibly medicating
         | him are options, so he roams around, unable to hold jobs,
         | randomly threatening various people.
         | 
         | I worry that one day he'll end up being shot by police or
         | something. It's awful.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | I don't have any answers here, but I want to provide some
         | context for the drugs in question.
         | 
         | I'm on antipsychotics. They are nasty drugs. Absolutely brutal.
         | The worst of the side-effects for me are the sexual side-
         | effects and motor-control issues. If I get dehydrated or my
         | blood sugar gets low, I can lose the ability to walk.
         | 
         | Within the first hour of taking my meds, I can't stand without
         | losing my balance. I lose both my inner ear and kinesthetic
         | senses. I don't know where my feet or hands are. I can only
         | walk by having my eyes open to see if I'm level and feeling
         | where the pressure is on my feet.
         | 
         | During the day, I have medication that helps this but I still
         | trip on uneven surfaces or drop things.
         | 
         | The sexual side effects, I can't orgasm. Combined with the
         | hypersexuality a manic episode creates, it is unbearable.
         | Fortunately, I'm on yet another drug that makes this less of an
         | issue.
         | 
         | The only reason I can tolerate this is the alternative of going
         | crazy is so terrifying, I'll do anything to prevent that from
         | happening. If anyone wonders why people don't stay on their
         | meds... this is a big reason.
        
           | citizenpaul wrote:
           | I've often been confused by reports like the OP that the
           | person refuses meds then proceeds to descend into some sort
           | of pure madness. How can that madness be better than the
           | meds? Why do you think they prefer the madness? You seem to
           | resist it do you know any reason why?
           | 
           | I've known three people one directly and two indirectly that
           | were lunatic level if they were off meds and all refused meds
           | consistantly.
           | 
           | 1. Was a guy I worked in the same dept during an early job.
           | His thing was to start telling people that government agents
           | were in the elevator to control your mind or something and
           | ending out emails about it and corning people to warn them.
           | Funny thing was it was a government job so there were
           | government agents in the elevator pretty much anytime someone
           | was in the elevator. He resisted because he didn't like the
           | meds.
           | 
           | 2. My friends brother in his 30's would not take his meds and
           | his parents had to sneak them in his food. If he missed
           | enough doses he would eventually go raving mad into the woods
           | and eventually be found passed out somewhere by emergency
           | responders usually naked and injured. He resisted because he
           | didn't like the meds.
           | 
           | 3. My brother in laws brother was paralyzed and brain damaged
           | from a car wreck. Yet when off meds he would run off in his
           | wheelchair into dangerous traffic or be found passed out(and
           | injured) from exhaustion of crawling because he went
           | somewhere a wheelchair couldn't go and just crawled for
           | miles. Again he didn't like the drugs.
        
             | themanmaran wrote:
             | For all of these, I assume it's a lack of awareness of the
             | manic state. By it's definition, the individual is going to
             | be less cognizant/aware of their surroundings. Likely they
             | don't have the best memory of these lapses either.
             | 
             | I doubt in each of these cases people are making the
             | rational choice to ditch the meds in favor of a state of
             | "pure madness". Instead they probably get fed up with side
             | effects, and decide that "this time won't be as bad", or
             | "I'll just stop taking them for a day".
        
             | dsego wrote:
             | You can get intramuscular depot injections monthly
             | nowadays.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | +100 (if I could).
           | 
           | And similar for being sane enough to be so intent upon
           | staying that way.
        
           | sieabahlpark wrote:
        
           | asveikau wrote:
           | My brother was on antipsychotics for about 20 years. His
           | compliance was poor. He is homeless now and without
           | treatment.
           | 
           | Growing up he would tell me how terrible the medications
           | were. I believed him, and still do to an extent. However he
           | also identified with his illness and thought the drugs were
           | taking away his special powers. That was a symptom. For those
           | reading who have less experience, they sometimes call that
           | anosognosia or lack of awareness.
           | 
           | In the end it's a very existential thing. It's easy to wonder
           | about identity. I had a few people in my life with this sort
           | of illness. I developed a model where medicated, treated, and
           | stable, _that is the "normal" them, their identity._ However,
           | these people got offended by this, and engaged in behavior I
           | would describe as identifying with symptoms. Acknowledging
           | symptoms, no matter how evident, was tantamount to personal
           | attacks.
           | 
           | I think we all have issues with this in our lives. Self
           | awareness and identity is a difficult problem. It's only when
           | it falls far outside of norms, into extremes, that we call it
           | a disorder. It can be very tricky to draw those lines.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | From years of second-hand accounts, my impression is that
             | my friend's niece finds the in-the-moment experience of
             | life _off_ her meds to be somewhat more emotionally
             | rewarding  / rich / "genuine" than life _on_ her meds. (On
             | top of the nasty side-effects of the latter.)
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | I can empathize to a lesser extent. I'm on pretty high
               | doses of antidepressants to keep myself alive. The world
               | feels dead. I'm not sure that I prefer that to me being
               | dead. But I do it for the people who give a shit about
               | me. Am I going to live past 65? Probably not. But for
               | now, it just the way things are.
               | 
               | I'm not psychotic so it's of course easier to be
               | reasonable about the situation, but it's never fun to be
               | on drugs like these.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | Mania is a hell of a drug. I've done so many amazing
               | things because of it. Life feels dull and slow without
               | it. At the same time, the cost was high.
               | 
               | I chose to live without mania. I want to slow down and
               | work on things I want to do, not be driven to do things,
               | no matter how amazing they turned out.
        
             | jimkleiber wrote:
             | I read this and I start to think about how our identities
             | may just be stories to which we've attached, often
             | shortcuts to summarize characteristics of behaviors. I'm
             | thinking of it more in the romantic "friend" vs "lover"
             | buckets, but I think it plays out a lot in the health space
             | as well.
             | 
             | > For those reading who have less experience, they
             | sometimes call that anosognosia or lack of awareness.
             | 
             | I'm fascinated to learn of this and to read more, thank
             | you.
        
             | kdmccormick wrote:
             | Yes, this is a big thing I struggled with when I was off
             | meds. Me without meds felt so much more... "me-like" than
             | me on meds. So when someone referred to medicated me as
             | "normal me", it was extremely hurtful.
             | 
             | What I had to realize is that even if "me without meds" was
             | an existentially truer version of myself, people did not
             | _like_ me without meds, they did not want to be my friend,
             | nor did they want to give me a job. That 's what got me on
             | meds, and yes, it felt really shitty at the time.
             | 
             | Years later, I don't feel that way any more. "Me with meds"
             | feels like me, more than ever actually. And, lots of those
             | things I valued about "me without meds" (wit, spontaneity,
             | high energy, creativity) came back over time as I adjusted
             | to being medicated.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, not everyone is able to find a med that
             | allows them to get to that happy point. It took good
             | healthcare, several tries, a support network, and (I
             | assume) luck.
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | My treatment caused a complete loss of self-identity.
             | 
             | In another time, I would have been a shaman. My entire
             | life, I had a deep spiritual connection with wolves. That's
             | gone. All that's left of it is blank wall and confusion.
             | 
             | This hurt deeply. I can't even begin to describe how it
             | felt to have everything I knew about myself destroyed.
             | 
             | I'm fortunate to have been raised Christian. That hasn't
             | changed and it's been a welcome grounding while I work
             | things out.
        
               | Biganon wrote:
               | You sound extremely brave. Thank you for sharing your
               | story, and merry Christmas in advance
        
               | asveikau wrote:
               | I know a lot of spiritual traditions, especially in the
               | east, talk about loss of self identity as progress. So
               | hard as it was (and it sounds hard!), I hope you are able
               | to have deeper understanding that you might not have had
               | exposure to otherwise.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | Not sure.
               | 
               | I feel like I'm fundamentally a different person. Like I
               | was dropped into someone else's body. Someone else was
               | here before me and left a bunch of furniture I keep
               | bumping into. :)
               | 
               | But, I know I'm a kinder person than the person before
               | me. Is this spiritual enlightenment? If it is, I might
               | want a refund. :D
        
             | PicassoCTs wrote:
             | One of the symptoms can be tremendous creativity. Would you
             | recommend to force treatment upon an artist, because she/he
             | suffers from other side effects?
             | 
             | These mental illnesses are adaptions/optimizations to the
             | rise and fall of violence that was normal human history for
             | the longest time.
             | 
             | A armed paranoid hobo maybe looking like a maladjusted
             | human being to you now, but in stalingrad, sebreniza or
             | bhakmut, he would be very adapted to his surroundings. All
             | those stress triggered changes had their spoke on the wheel
             | of time.
             | 
             | My opinion is that people should be force treated, but only
             | until they reach "sentience" and can decide for themselves,
             | not under any influence.
             | 
             | They also should be able to make sentient "wills",
             | specifying condition under which the state is allowed to
             | step in and help them.
             | 
             | If somebody wants to return to his mental state, nobody
             | should be allowed to stop them. Human lifes value is not
             | there to be useful, aesthetic pleasing or comfortable for
             | society. Its value is only defined by the person living
             | it..
             | 
             | But then again, i view optimists as mentally sick..
        
               | asveikau wrote:
               | > If somebody wants to return to his mental state, nobody
               | should be allowed to stop them
               | 
               | I don't think this works well when clear-cut, unambiguous
               | delusions cause somebody to act on them and harm
               | themselves and others.
               | 
               | I do acknowledge it's very hard to know when that is, and
               | people can disagree.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 23B1 wrote:
         | I think what's really important about your comment is that
         | there might not be an answer to some problems. This is
         | something that most people struggle with - and certainly
         | publications (even the respectable Economist) love these sorts
         | of conundrums because they pluck at the tragedy-strings of most
         | humans.
         | 
         | Sometimes there simply is no solution to a problem, a very hard
         | concept to grapple with as participants in a community,
         | society, or civilization.
        
         | squirrel wrote:
         | Read books on schizophrenia by Dr Xavier Amador for an
         | interesting perspective on gaining compliance without
         | necessarily agreeing on what the problem is. Excellent videos
         | on YouTube also.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | brodouevencode wrote:
         | It's certainly tough for sure. I think the ultimate question is
         | what is considered "humane". Locked up in a straight jacket in
         | a padded room for having slightly depressive thoughts is
         | certainly not, but also allowing someone like in your story to
         | spiral out of control and act out their trauma is arguably
         | equally as inhumane. I wish I had a good answer for you.
        
         | pyuser583 wrote:
         | The side effects of medications can be horrific. I'd rather be
         | dead than deal with extreme nausea.
         | 
         | However ... eventually she's going to make contact with the
         | criminal justice system. This can very productive. Authorities
         | can make plea deals/pre-prosecution agreements that require
         | medical compliance.
         | 
         | I'd advise the family to move to a jurisdiction with lots of
         | resources. A wealthy suburb should work.
         | 
         | Then wait for her to commit a crime and make report it.
         | 
         | I too have a relative who has psychotic episodes. I've had
         | wonderful experiences with the criminal justice system (in rich
         | suburbs).
        
           | sheusndudn wrote:
        
         | Dma54rhs wrote:
         | I've been forced to be on antipsychotics. They are nasty and I
         | compare it to sexual conversion therapy. I totally understand
         | the society is not ready for that discussion but it does irk me
         | the supposedly compassionate people are quick to mentally
         | sterilize you.
        
           | sshine wrote:
           | It's a controversial topic that the side effects are so bad
           | that some choose to go psychotic instead. But it doesn't
           | change the picture that all the stories on this page tells
           | you how much each side sucks and how much the other side
           | sucks more.
        
         | Melatonic wrote:
         | I am hoping these kinds of things are the perfect candidate for
         | future biotech implants. Having to take ap ill everyday can be
         | difficult to regularly remember even for the totally sane. What
         | if we had some type of implant that could somehow recognize
         | when someone was going through a major mental episode and then
         | dispense some medication to help them? Or even one that simply
         | regularly released the medication throughout the day and then
         | periodically had to be refilled?
         | 
         | Seems like the side effects of a lot of these harsh meds might
         | be tempered by a slow release vs all at once with a pill. I am
         | not a medical professional though so I could be completely
         | wrong here.
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | Assuming her threats and behavior would eventually result in
         | her being tossed in jail, the choice seems to be between her
         | imprisonment and her being forcibly medicated.
         | 
         | I don't have an answer for you. I think you've come up with a
         | potential plot for a very interesting Star Trek episode though.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | Her family's guess is that she'll be killed in some violent
           | altercation while "on the run". Probably one for which she
           | bears most of the "responsibility". And they pray that she
           | won't get any innocents maimed or killed before that happens.
           | 
           | (Star Trek: My guess is that such an episode, if it had any
           | serious depth, would be vetoed in the script stage - due to
           | being an extremely painful subject for too many viewers.)
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | Star Trek and the like also have utopia levels of medical
             | tech. Physical level problems are all solvable with their
             | level of technology.
             | 
             | In Scifi: Real bad people exist. Real people who need help
             | exist. Real people who just need some time to talk out
             | their problems with the ship's / a local counselor exist.
             | 
             | Real people who can't be helped don't exist, they
             | reductively condense into one of the three classes above
             | because society and tech are advanced enough. (Except in
             | cases of extreme breakdowns; E.G. Voyager wasn't the only
             | ship mostly sucked to the delta quadrant.)
        
               | stonogo wrote:
               | Ethical dilemmas persist: Voyager's "Lon Suder" character
               | had violent tendencies which he struggled to control. The
               | Next Generation episode "The Outcast" replaced dangerous,
               | violent tendencies with romantic love; the character in
               | question was forced to undergo treatment _and then
               | afterward was grateful_ for them, which raises questions
               | whether informed consent is even possible under those
               | circumstances.
               | 
               | Star Trek alone had countless plot lines surrounding
               | incurable medical conditions. Worf broke his spine,
               | Picard has some kind of syndrome which will cause
               | cognitive decline, La Forge had to settle for a visor for
               | most of the franchise, and so forth.
               | 
               | Even under utopean circumstances, ethical considerations
               | abound, as in "The Schizoid Man," an exploration of both
               | rights for artificial life and transhumanism. Sisko's
               | father ignored medical advice because he chose to, and in
               | VOY's "Scientific Method" we find aliens desperate to
               | develop lifesaving technology, even at the cost of agency
               | for Federation staff.
        
               | anotherman554 wrote:
               | "Star Trek and the like also have utopia levels of
               | medical tech. Physical level problems are all solvable
               | with their level of technology."
               | 
               | The poorly written second season of Star Trek Picard had
               | a character who was suicidal and refused treatment, then
               | killed herself.
               | 
               | I think people refuse treatment in real life because the
               | drugs don't work too well, not because they don't want to
               | feel better, and at any rate you can't have a utopias if
               | people choose to due horrible things to themselves or
               | each other, you just have real life, so I think it went
               | against the tradition of Star Trek being utopian fiction.
        
           | Pxtl wrote:
           | I've already read a science fiction story or two about this
           | scenario - a dangerously schizophrenic guy goes off his meds
           | and then murders someone during mania. He gets charged with
           | criminal negligence because he knew how dangerous he would be
           | without his meds. One of Niven's short stories, he loved to
           | write about the ethics of schizophrenia.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | FWIW: Larry Niven, "The Ethics of Madness", first published
             | in _Worlds of IF_ 's April'67 issue. (And available on
             | archive.org, if you can't yet rationalize buying dead-tree
             | copies of all of Niven's _Known Space_ stories.)
        
         | pcurve wrote:
         | What a dilemma. Is she aware of how she acts when she's off
         | medication? Has she seen herself act this way on video?
        
           | runnerup wrote:
           | That won't help. There's hundreds of thousands (nearing or
           | exceeding a million) people like this in the USA alone. If
           | that worked, it would be widely practiced.
           | 
           | These mental illnesses break the ability of an individual to
           | choose to do what's best in terms of medication, treatment,
           | and lifestyle. The illness makes one not want to be properly
           | medicated.
           | 
           | Someone can be consistent with their treatment and lifestyle
           | for many months, but it just takes one trigger and a couple
           | days off medications to lose all progress.
        
             | kdmccormick wrote:
             | > That won't help.
             | 
             | While I agree with the rest of your comment, I want to
             | gently challenge this specific statement, as someone who
             | has to take a powerful med (lithium) to avoid relapsing
             | into mania with psychosis.
             | 
             | I was so extremely reluctant to regularly take meds, and
             | lapsed in and out of mania for a few years. The main thing
             | that got me to stick with lithium, and a major driver in me
             | staying on them today, is grokking how deeply destructive
             | mania is to all the relationships and other good things in
             | my life.
             | 
             | I'm not saying we should shame mentally ill people, but
             | part of treatment should be helping them understand & agree
             | that permanent treatment is in their own best interest.
             | Easier said than done, of course... it took years for me.
        
             | guerrilla wrote:
             | > The illness makes one not want to be properly medicated.
             | 
             | The medications do that too. The side-effects are horrific.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | My understanding is that she is relatively aware. I don't
           | know about the video part.
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | I doubt this would work. When a neurotypical person is
           | confronted with their actions, you usually get one of four
           | results:
           | 
           | 1. Justify what they did.
           | 
           | 2. Dismiss it.
           | 
           | 3. Ignore it.
           | 
           | 4. Deny it happened.
           | 
           | Note that change their behavior isn't on that list. :(
        
             | kbelder wrote:
             | >neurotypical
             | 
             | You mean the opposite of that?
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | No, I meant neurotypical. I guess I could have said
               | "normal" or "average". It's also culturally dependent, so
               | maybe I should have just said Americans.
        
             | kdmccormick wrote:
             | This is such a defeatist attitude.
             | 
             | I'm bipolar I, and I take lithium for it. Being confronted
             | with my actions over and over and over and over again was a
             | big part of what got me to start taking meds.
        
               | kayodelycaon wrote:
               | The over and over is important. A lot of people do get
               | the hint eventually. It's hardly as simple as showing a
               | video.
        
               | kdmccormick wrote:
               | True. Fair enough.
        
               | Melatonic wrote:
               | What kind of lithium do you take? I have heard that the
               | prescribed doses can be pretty sedating or brutal but
               | there are also people advocating for very tiny doses of
               | lithium in a different form that is similar to what is
               | found in some natural wells. Could be completely
               | pseudoscience but it seemed interesting
        
       | MopMop wrote:
       | "Her grip on reality in that state is rather poor - asserting
       | that Bugs Bunny and the CIA are conspiring to create a brain
       | controlled army of polar bears with space lasers would not be
       | unusual."
       | 
       | The angry rants are a reaction to loss of bodily autonomy,
       | spiritual wellbeing and mental liberation. If you are on these
       | kind of antipsychotics for the most part of your adult life it's
       | ordinary to not be in touch with your feelings or anyone elses
       | and it's ok to be delusional cos if you don't ever know what it
       | feels like to be mentally liberated then how else could you know
       | how it feels to be free.
        
       | trynewideas wrote:
       | This is an imminent question in Portland, Oregon: the mayor wants
       | to relax the requirements to civilly commit a person against
       | their will despite a lack of hospitals that can receive or treat
       | them,[1][2] another of his suite of tactics to address
       | homelessness that's included perpetual weekly sweeps of dozens of
       | homeless encampments,[3] asking for $27 million to build city-run
       | open-air camps,[4][5] and trying but failing through those
       | policies to secure additional state funding for city-run
       | shelters.[6]
       | 
       | None of these tactics have been strategic - housed and homeless
       | people alike in Portland who want mental health resources can't
       | access the limited inventory of them, so expanding involuntary
       | commitment without funded services will only add to that resource
       | stress. Sweeps without a variety of funded shelter options just
       | move the problem of camps from one part of the city to another
       | while destroying what little the campers own, at a contractor
       | cost of $4.5 million per year. The city-run camp proposal has
       | been derided as "concentration camps", and the $27 million price
       | tag would pay for a year of stable housing for nearly 2,500.
       | State legislators cited the sweeps and camp proposal as reasons
       | why they were giving $25 million in funding to the separate
       | county leadership instead of the city, and put conditions on the
       | funding that explicitly prevented its use for sweeps or
       | involuntary camps.
       | 
       | All of this happened _before_ the proposal to expand involuntary
       | commitment criteria, which would at worst facilitate abuse or
       | harassment of people with mental illnesses - housed or not - and
       | at best fail to solve the underlying lack of treatment resources
       | available to anyone, much less the involuntarily committed.[7]
       | 
       | 1: https://www.opb.org/article/2022/12/12/portland-mayor-ted-
       | wh...
       | 
       | 2: https://www.wweek.com/news/2022/12/07/mayor-ted-wheeler-
       | want...
       | 
       | 3: https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2022/12/portland-has-
       | dra...
       | 
       | 4: https://www.columbian.com/news/2022/nov/18/homeless-vote-
       | in-...
       | 
       | 5: https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/homeless/multnomah-
       | co...
       | 
       | 6: https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2022/02/no-direct-
       | fundin...
       | 
       | 7: https://www.themarshallproject.org/2020/11/08/when-going-
       | to-...
        
       | yupis wrote:
       | Thanks
        
       | djaouen wrote:
       | As a mentally ill person myself, I don't want to have to deal
       | with being accosted when I go out just to buy food. If these
       | policies get people off the streets, I think that is a good
       | thing!
        
       | someonewhocar3s wrote:
        
       | Tiktaalik wrote:
       | Doctors don't support involuntary treatment because it's not
       | effective.
       | 
       | Effectively it trains people to distrust the health system, and
       | to not seek medical care because they'll be locked up and bad
       | things will happen to them. This leads to worsening health
       | outcomes.
       | 
       | We just passed through years of pandemic where everyone was eager
       | to listen to the experts in the medical profession and that saved
       | countless lives. It's sad and disturbing that when it comes to
       | other health care issues, the politicians are now tuning out the
       | same experts because they don't like what they're hearing.
        
       | at_a_remove wrote:
       | Reframe the question in terms of what it really is: Is forced
       | treatment for the mentally ill more humane or less humane than
       | letting them "do their thing?" Is it more humane for the people
       | who are forced to interact with them?
       | 
       | A lot of ethical questions could use a "trolley-fy" process in
       | which the status quo is simply presented as another track, and
       | then another process by which that question is re-embedded within
       | its actual context -- the mentally ill are not off wandering some
       | other plane of existence, they may be screaming in _your_ alley,
       | tonight, around three a.m.
        
       | hprotagonist wrote:
       | Well, should you be allowed to stop a suicide?
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | Absolutely not. The only possible justification for any of
         | these authoritarian interventions is self-defense. Anything
         | short of that is infringing on their autonomy over their body
         | and not something you should be advocating for especially
         | considering you could be in that exact situation. In addition,
         | suicide is not necessarily irrational, so definitely not.
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | I have a relative who had to be taken to the hospital after
         | scraping invisible mites out of their eyes with a razor blade.
         | They asked them if she would like some antipsychotic medication
         | and of course they said no.
         | 
         | As a result, my question is, is it ever humane to not force
         | treatment on the mentally ill
        
           | ajb wrote:
           | Obviously it can be. See lobotomization and ECT just for
           | starters (yes, I know ECT is supposed to be better now, don't
           | really buy it)
        
             | gman2093 wrote:
             | With respect, your statement about ECT is not aligned with
             | reality. ECT is evidence-based and effective, with side
             | effects that are less pronounced in many cases than drug-
             | based therapies. It is approved for use in pregnant
             | patients in the USA. One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest is not
             | peer-reviewed.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | generalizations wrote:
               | > There's a risk of memory loss. Most people who undergo
               | ECT have temporary memory loss and confusion. Most
               | people's confusion clears up quickly, and memory loss
               | usually goes away entirely within a few months. However,
               | some people do have permanent memory problems. Using the
               | right-unilateral electrode placement and shortening the
               | electrical current duration can reduce the risk of this
               | happening.
               | 
               | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/9302-ect
               | -el...
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | You are asking the right questions
           | 
           | A lot of homelessness is due to different mental illnesses
           | (not discounting the societal issues, and of course the drugs
           | then make it worse)
           | 
           | I really feel society sucks at dealing with the
           | action/inaction assymetries
        
             | brodouevencode wrote:
             | Most homeless is due to mental illness. Almost always men
             | with addiction issues. Many veterans suffering from PTSD.
             | It's rarely the "single mother of two that lost her job at
             | the plant" trope.
        
               | mattzito wrote:
               | I think a better way to frame it is "most _chronically_
               | homeless is due to mental illness". However, most
               | homeless people are not chronically homeless, and are
               | homeless for <6 months. Those are the single mother of
               | two who lost their job at the plant examples - or left an
               | abusive relationship and is living in their car, or
               | underemployed as a security guard and sleeping in a
               | sheleter, etc.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, and equally sad, many of these folks work,
               | send their kids to school, and struggle to get themselves
               | into a stable long-term situation.
        
               | trynewideas wrote:
               | HUD data, for the US at least:[1]
               | 
               | - 582,484 total homeless
               | 
               | - 138,361 chronically homeless
               | 
               | - 122,888 total homeless reporting severe mental illness
               | 
               | - 48,373 total homeless victims of domestic violence
               | 
               | - 33,129 total homeless veterans
               | 
               | VA count of veteran homelessness was down 10% or more YoY
               | in 2021 and 2022, and down 55% since 2010.[2] Veterans
               | comprise about 10% of the total US population and 5.6% of
               | the homeless population. Among veterans, PTSD was less of
               | a risk factor than psychotic disorders, an equal factor
               | to other mental health disorders, and mental illness in
               | general was less of a risk factor than money
               | mismanagement and could be mitigated by VA services,
               | especially disability compensation.[3]
               | 
               | 1: https://files.hudexchange.info/reports/published/CoC_P
               | opSub_...
               | 
               | 2: https://www.va.gov/homeless/pit_count.asp
               | 
               | 3: https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxu004
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | shanebellone wrote:
         | Absolutely not. I believe there is a legal argument in favor of
         | bodily autonomy which includes the right to death.
         | 
         | "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
         | 
         | Life is inextricably linked with death. If you have the right
         | to live, you must also have the right to die. That belief is
         | largely entrenched in our medical system too but stops short of
         | doctor assisted suicide.
        
           | anon291 wrote:
           | > Life is inextricably linked with death.
           | 
           | Sure
           | 
           | > If you have the right to live, you must also have the right
           | to die.
           | 
           | This is a non-sequitur. In fact, in so far as all human
           | rights descend from the one in question being alive in the
           | first place (since the dead have no rights), it makes no
           | sense of a right to die. In the same way a right to liberty
           | involves no right to sell one's liberty. Just like your
           | freedom, you do not own your life. We know this because you
           | cannot sell either your life or your freedom, thus you don't
           | own it. Thus, despite having a right to it, you don't have
           | the right to rid yourself of it.
           | 
           | Here's another example. My children have a right to live in
           | my house and receive support from me. They have no right to
           | either sell my house or not receive support from me. Although
           | they have a legal right to my money and protection, they
           | cannot dispose themselves of it.
           | 
           | Life and freedom are similar. They are something we enjoy and
           | have a right to, but not something we own.
           | 
           | > That belief is largely entrenched in our medical system too
           | but stops short of doctor assisted suicide.
           | 
           | Choosing to not undergo therapies that may or may not
           | lengthen your life is not morally equivalent to actively
           | choosing death.
        
             | shanebellone wrote:
             | Straw man.
        
               | anon291 wrote:
               | You claim a right to life implies a right to death,
               | without any reasoning. I've pointed out why that doesn't
               | follow (namely, the notion that one has a right to live
               | is predicated on one being alive. You don't have rights
               | after death). I've also pointed out that we have other
               | rights that you cannot dispose yourself of to show that
               | the right to life is of the same nature. What is your
               | rebuttal?
        
               | shanebellone wrote:
               | You're comparing property law to bodily autonomy. How can
               | I take you seriously?
        
           | hprotagonist wrote:
           | Does your right to die permit you to inflict trauma on others
           | by, say, stepping in front of a train in a moment of crisis?
           | Eating a 12 gauge and leaving your family to discover your
           | meat splattered on the floor? etc.
           | 
           | Am I allowed to stop that suicide? "Whatever affects one
           | directly, affects all indirectly."
        
             | runnerup wrote:
             | Language for these discussions is important. We should
             | always put "should I be allowed" rather than "am I
             | allowed".
             | 
             | I generally feel there is an inalienable right to suicide.
             | Similar to other rights in the Declaration of Independence,
             | this is a right that people will exercise regardless of
             | whether it is outlawed or not and no one _can_ stop those
             | who wish to exercise it. It's functionally impossible to
             | prevent someone from committing suicide -- there are
             | countless cases where people in mental wards have a
             | watcher-person with them 24 hours a day, less than 3 feet
             | away at all times. And the patient will do something like
             | suddenly sprint full speed into a wall headfirst and kill
             | themselves.
             | 
             | But I also believe that the person committing suicide has
             | the duty to cause the least amount of property damage and
             | additional overhead for others in the wake of their death.
             | Similarly, those who survive them have the duty to process
             | the persons death to the best of their ability.
             | 
             | I would say that the gruesome suicides you asked about
             | should be legal to stop, given a situation where the
             | interruptor has a reasonable belief that:
             | 
             | 1) there are more humane ways to commit the suicide which
             | do less collateral damage, and 2) that the person
             | committing suicide is not in such extreme pain that these
             | options will take too long and cause the intervention to be
             | a particularly cruel intermission.
             | 
             | For example, if someone has been suffering greatly from a
             | very bad exposure to the gympie-gympie tree and they truly
             | need the most expedient death to relieve the pain...perhaps
             | the train really is their best option. And it's up to the
             | rest of society to understand and be thankful that this
             | person found relief from their unimaginable pain and that
             | it is now our duty to clean up and process the aftermath.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | > Similar to other rights in the Declaration of
               | Independence, this is a right that people will exercise
               | regardless of whether it is outlawed or not and no one
               | can stop those who wish to exercise it.
               | 
               | I don't understand this argument. Should we also have an
               | inalienable right to recreational opiates?
               | 
               | > If someone has been suffering greatly from a very bad
               | exposure to the gympie-gympie tree and they truly need
               | the most expedient death to relieve the pain...
               | 
               | This example is also confusing to me. It sounds horrific,
               | but it's temporary and non-terminal. Not what I'd
               | classify as a "true need for the most expedient death." I
               | can be understanding of the desire to die in this
               | situation, but I cannot see how this should grant
               | everyone the right to die in the manner of their
               | choosing. If you truly need an expedient death, as you
               | say, the law won't stop you.
               | 
               | Reducto ad absurdum: If I get poison ivy and can't sleep
               | for a few nights, should I be legally allowed to swerve
               | headlong into traffic?
               | 
               | If we should have a right to suicide, the only way I can
               | see it enacted is through doctor assisted suicide
               | clinics, otherwise we open the door to even greater harm
               | from public or botched attempts.
        
             | shanebellone wrote:
             | This is such a selfish perspective. What about their
             | trauma, pain, and sorrow?
        
               | hprotagonist wrote:
               | It's the exact opposite of selfish; I am pointing out
               | that yes, people are individuals, but people are also
               | inextricably communal as well. Choosing to end your life,
               | like any other choice we made, is not solely about _you_
               | because it does not solely affect _you_.
               | 
               | "No man is an island entire of itself; every man / is a
               | piece of the continent, a part of the main;"
        
               | shanebellone wrote:
               | Death is absolute. In no circumstance can you avoid its
               | impact. Thus, your argument is predicated upon exerting
               | control over another human in order to control the timing
               | of your displeasure.
               | 
               | Preferring a loved one to suffer, indefinitely, in order
               | to spare your feelings... is the very definition of
               | selfish.
        
               | hprotagonist wrote:
               | > Preferring a loved one to suffer, indefinitely, in
               | order to spare your feelings... is the very definition of
               | selfish.
               | 
               | If by this you mean "don't blow your brains out", then,
               | yes, i agree, and i wonder if you're misreading me
               | somehow in a way that suggests that I think you ought to
               | be able to without interruption.
               | 
               | Otherwise, i'm having a hard time making heads or tails
               | of what you're saying here.
        
               | shanebellone wrote:
               | I refuse to argue with stupid.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | Should you be allowed to treat someone who is unconscious?
           | Forcibly remove someone from a burning building or vehicle?
        
         | andrewclunn wrote:
         | When societies will intervene to stop suicide while
         | simultaneously allowing for government sanctioned assisted
         | suicide, it means that the morality or "rightness" of an act is
         | only now defined by whether the proper paperwork was filled
         | out.
        
           | itishappy wrote:
           | I don't think those are fundamentally equivalent categories.
           | 
           | Assisted suicide is (to my knowledge) aimed at end of life
           | patients with terminal outlooks. People who have little
           | chance of improving their outcome.
           | 
           | Self inflicted suicide is a much broader category including
           | bullied high schoolers and unlucky stock traders. People
           | who's current situation might look grim but who could
           | potentially change that situation.
           | 
           | I won't comment on the morality of either, but there's more
           | at play than just bureaucracy.
        
           | polygamous_bat wrote:
           | > ... it means that the morality or "rightness" of an act is
           | only now defined by whether the proper paperwork was filled
           | out.
           | 
           | I do not understand your point. How is that any different
           | than, say, driving my car down the highway? The same act can
           | be fine if I have a driving license and not fine if I do not.
        
           | kbenson wrote:
           | Sometimes, paperwork is there to force some other condition
           | to have been met, such as time and review and notification of
           | others. So, it it more "right" to make people that want to
           | commit suicide take a bit of time to consider whether that's
           | actually the decision they want, and not something being
           | influenced by a temporary situation, whether external or
           | internal (such as a hormone imbalance that ebbs and flows)? I
           | think yes, generally, even if edge cases exist.
        
           | fellowniusmonk wrote:
           | It's moral to have an unsubscribe button, it isn't moral to
           | require me to fax in an unsubscribe form after signing up
           | with one click.
           | 
           | It's moral to ensure charges go before a court quickly, it's
           | immoral to allow a person to languish in jail for decades
           | without trial.
           | 
           | Time and effort are a components of everything including
           | morality. To dismiss time and effort as trite or irrelevant
           | in nearly any situation seems abusurd.
        
         | sashenka wrote:
        
       | guerrilla wrote:
       | It amazes me that this place gets a reputation of being
       | libertarian when the vast majority of comments here (and on
       | similar subjects) are extremely authoritarian. The libertarian
       | stance is that if someone isn't harming you then you have
       | absolutely no justification to impinge on their freedom. This is
       | fundamental liberal and libertarian theory common to all branches
       | of both.
        
       | bnralt wrote:
       | What's interesting is that once someone gets past a certain age,
       | people almost universally agree that it's OK to confine them
       | against their wishes if they are unable to take car of
       | themselves. You don't hear many people saying that dementia
       | patients should be able to leave whenever they want.
        
         | trynewideas wrote:
         | As someone who's cared for someone with a declining mental
         | state, dementia patients should be able to leave whenever they
         | want.
         | 
         | The problem is that the rest of the world doesn't want to - not
         | can't, but finds it inconvenient - to deal with the
         | ramifications of supervising or caring for people in public,
         | strangers, who can't help themselves.
         | 
         | It's much easier to detain inconvenient people than change the
         | rest of the world around them such that it _wants_ to share the
         | burden of caring for them.
        
           | belval wrote:
           | This is a very emotional topic so I want to avoid being too
           | critical of that opinion, but at the same time, it's much
           | much deeper than "doesn't want to". Dementia patients
           | depending on their state are a danger to others and
           | themselves. Their limited ability to understand what's
           | happening around them means that they can get aggressive.
           | 
           | Even if not aggressive, they will just "get lost" and try to
           | drive or "go for a walk" in the middle of the night in their
           | pyjamas. I suppose from the way you phrased it that in your
           | case it was mostly harmless and you just disliked getting
           | weird looks, but a lot of dementia patients are actually
           | incompatible with society and need to be detained or given
           | anti-anxiety medications.
        
           | tacotime wrote:
           | Someone in my family, who is now in a memory care facility,
           | has dementia. We tried to avoid it as long as possible, but
           | when we got a call from the police saying that she was found
           | wandering around barefoot in the snow next to a busy road in
           | the middle of the night while hallucinating about "people
           | coming to get her", it felt like it was time to reconsider.
           | She's on meds that control the hallucinations now, but it
           | would still be unsafe for her to leave unsupervised, no
           | matter how much our culture changes. How do you help a
           | stranger who doesn't know where or who they are, and can't
           | hear too well to start with? She sure does still remember me
           | and can dance to the Beatles, but I would not be comfortable
           | trusting her welfare to a group of even the most
           | compassionate strangers.
        
         | mixmastamyk wrote:
         | Many folks fully don't believe mental illness among younger
         | people is as serious as it is. Maybe they have never seen it up
         | close. Somehow the frailty of old age legitimizes it.
        
       | p0pcult wrote:
       | Surely some of the answer also depends on what constitutes the
       | "treatment," no?
        
       | armchairhacker wrote:
       | The way I see it: forced treatment is humane when the person
       | being treated consents afterward. e.g. stopping someone in a bad
       | mental state from suicide or anorexia, so that they thank you
       | when they improve. Of course it's not possible to know whether
       | the person will consent beforehand, so you have to predict (and
       | if you get it wrong, you messed up).
       | 
       | In most cases this is what real-world suicide prevention leads
       | to, because if a person is adamant on killing themselves they
       | usually find a way. The exception is really sick people who want
       | to kill themselves, but can't because they have limited autonomy.
       | That would be covered by euthanasia and is one of the reasons why
       | it is very important ethically.
       | 
       | For other mentally ill people, forced treatment is still only ok
       | if they may actually get better and thank you later. If someone
       | is dirty, homeless, and senile, but they don't care, putting them
       | into a retirement home does not make them happy so it does not
       | actually benefit them. If someone acts sane only when they get
       | medication but they hate it, giving them the medication does not
       | benefit _them_ , it benefits others.
       | 
       | In these cases forced treatment may still be practically
       | necessary and morally ok to benefit society (we don't want dirty
       | homeless people begging on the street, so we outlaw public
       | indecency and soliciting, and some illnesses make a person
       | dangerous). But I think that we need to understand that forced
       | treatment is not to benefit the mentally ill themselves, but us,
       | and also take their feelings into account. e.g. force homeless
       | people out of the streets and into homes, but give them autonomy,
       | and if their homes decay and they sit around all day and don't
       | care, let them.
       | 
       | EDIT: Should also add that nursing and caregiving are jobs which
       | give people power over other, vulnerable people. Many of the
       | doctors which take care of mentally ill and disabled people are
       | _genuinely amazing people_ who honestly don't deserve the bad
       | connotation, but some apply to these jobs to take advantage of
       | their power over others. So when forcing treatment on someone, we
       | really need to ensure that those in charge of the treatment have
       | said person's best interests at heart, and need to be monitored
       | and held accountable. This is something which is unfortunately
       | lacking because the people who are exploited or in danger of
       | being exploited and thus care the most can't really advocate
       | well, so the burden falls to beaurocracy which cannot adequately
       | manage.
        
       | nitwit005 wrote:
       | The reality is, we provide (admittedly crappy) mental health care
       | in prisons, so we already have a program of forced treatment. We
       | just wait until a serious, crime has happened.
       | 
       | Almost any non-prison option would be better than the current way
       | of doing things.
        
         | LarryMullins wrote:
         | I think the prison-solution, as crappy as it is, is better than
         | doing nothing at all. But it should certainly be possible to do
         | better.
        
       | qwerty456127 wrote:
       | Some times it is. It really depends on the condition, specific
       | case and the way you treat them. To me it seems obvious that at
       | least in some cases it is, even if not in many. May be hard to
       | tell in advance though.
       | 
       | There are cases when a person is not in the mood (to put it
       | mildly) to accept help but really needs it and will sincerely
       | appreciate it once a relief comes.
       | 
       | The opposite question is also valid by the way: is it humane to
       | leave the insane to struggle and roam the streets untreated?
        
       | loeg wrote:
       | Always nice to see a counterexample to Betteridge's law of
       | headlines.
        
       | pcurve wrote:
       | I guess it's a question of humane from whose perspective? If I
       | were ever in a position where I'm not able to make sound decision
       | ono my behalf and I don't have anyone around me to do so either,
       | I would be OK with governmental entity intervening.
       | 
       | "Democratic mayor of New York City, instructed police and first
       | responders to hospitalise people with severe mental illness who
       | are incapable of looking after themselves."
       | 
       | I consider this humane and sound.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Like ~any government policy, the reality depends mostly upon
         | the competence, honesty, good will, and resources of the people
         | & agencies actually implementing the policy. (Vs. the Official
         | Rules, as written down by politicians & bureaucrats.)
         | 
         | Folks who really don't trust the government of NYC on the
         | "competence, honesty, good will, and resources" angles may have
         | plenty of evidence to support their distrust.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | In that quote, "hospitalise" might mean to drop them off in an
         | understaffed hospital emergency room so that they can be
         | temporarily sedated or whatever and then released within
         | whatever timeframe protects the various entities from
         | liability.
         | 
         | I doubt "hospitalise" means to house them in a properly staffed
         | psychiatric care facility under the care of qualified
         | professionals.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | The problem comes with "incapable". What about marginally
         | capable people? Where are you going to draw the line?
         | 
         | The solution to that might be to not have a binary line. The
         | less capable they are, the more we can choose for them, but
         | it's not all or nothing. (No, I don't have any idea what the
         | details look like...)
        
       | xyzelement wrote:
       | The question feels very complex when framed like in the article.
       | In reality I think it's two separate but connected questions that
       | society should be able to answer based on its dominant values.
       | 
       | 1. Do we have and enforce laws about things like people setting
       | up tent cities in neighborhoods, open air drug use, public
       | defecation and attacking pedestrians.
       | 
       | Your politics can determine how you feel about this. My personal
       | take is that yes we should have and enforce such laws.
       | 
       | 2. What do we do when people are violating these laws due to
       | mental illness? Do we just prosecute them and lock them up in
       | regular jail or do we institutionalize and treat them like the
       | mentally ill?
       | 
       | To me it seems like treating mentally ill transgressors as such
       | is right. The alternative to treat them like regular criminals
       | seem worse.
       | 
       | I think most people can follow this kind of argument. The real
       | debate is around the first point, where do we draw the line about
       | legal and illegal behavior.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | I happen to live in downtown Dallas, near enough to homeless
         | encampments to walk past them pretty frequently. Tents all over
         | the place near highway overpasses. There was a tent set up
         | behind the Dallas Police Memorial across the street from city
         | hall for about six months. The exact same tent, which never
         | moved. The main branch public library, also across the street
         | from city hall, and a bridge near me where there is a large bus
         | depot, are nearly refugee camps. You can't walk six feet
         | without stepping on someone if you try to go by them when it's
         | dark.
         | 
         | My take on this is what else are they supposed to do? Unless
         | they're all killed, they have to live somewhere, and if they
         | can't hold jobs and/or can't obtain real housing, what option
         | is there other than to live on the street? I don't see how this
         | can be made illegal. You're arresting people simply for
         | existing and not being able to pay rent. What is this supposed
         | to help? These are at least thousands of people in one city,
         | hell, one neighborhood. If they were all sent to prison,
         | there'd be no space left for real criminals.
         | 
         | As for shitting on the street, again, what else are they
         | supposed to do? If there aren't public toilets available to use
         | anywhere, that doesn't change the fact that they're animals
         | with digestive systems that require them to defecate on a
         | regular basis. Hell, with all the walks I go for early in the
         | morning, I have three times in the past six months had to shit
         | on a sidewalk, not because I'm some belligerent lawbreaker or
         | even because I don't have a toilet, but simply because I
         | couldn't get home fast enough when it came on and there was
         | nowhere else to go. It's not even a matter of whether
         | businesses with toilets will let you use them. There aren't
         | even any businesses open at 4:30 in the morning.
         | 
         | I don't even see how this is a matter of politics so much as
         | practicality. There are simply so many people that having the
         | police, courts, and prisons try to deal with all of them would
         | leave them unable to effectively do anything else they're
         | supposed to do. I doubt it even works as a deterrent. Prison
         | isn't any worse than how they're already living and the
         | inability to reintegrate into society means nothing if they
         | were already unable to integrate into society in the first
         | place.
         | 
         | As it stands, sleeping in public and setting up camp in these
         | places is illegal, but they may as well pass a law saying
         | eating is illegal. How can it possibly be enforced? People
         | can't just not sleep and shit, and if they don't have the right
         | to occupy any private space, public space is the only space
         | left.
         | 
         | Edit: I can see someone else already said something similar and
         | got immediately downvoted with the response that they should go
         | to a shelter. Okay, as far as I can tell, the people are
         | sleeping where they are right now because it's within walking
         | distance of aid facilities that are all located downtown. This
         | includes shelters. But these shelters don't have anywhere near
         | enough room for all of these people, and they aren't faced with
         | a "temporary" problem. I've lived here long enough to see the
         | same people and recognize them over the course of years. Some
         | of them have clearly lived on the street for decades.
        
           | anon291 wrote:
           | In olden times, people used to be sent to poor farms, where
           | they were given shelter, labor, and food. Yes, there were
           | abuses. But these are fixable ones that we should have tried
           | to solve, rather than get rid of the program entirely. Such
           | situations help people get back on their feet by providing
           | meaningful employment, training in labor, stability, an
           | address, etc. I don't see why this is so verboten to mention
           | these days.
           | 
           | I'm thoroughly unconvinced this is a problem of shelter
           | space. I don't know about Dallas, but in Portland, OR we have
           | hundreds of beds going unused every night, and despite best
           | efforts to fill them... we still have tons of street campers.
        
         | runnerup wrote:
         | Also, where should people be homeless? Literally I cannot pay
         | rent next month and have no one willing to take me in.
         | 
         | Where should I go? AFAIK there are zero legal options for me
         | when I'm unable to pay for an apartment. I do not own a car.
         | 
         | If I insist on being an upright citizen and following the
         | law...do I just show up to a police station on January 1st and
         | turn myself in for vagrancy and hope they throw me in jail?
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Homeless shelters are a short term solution. Various housing
           | programs are available depending on location, but tend to be
           | really slow.
        
             | runnerup wrote:
             | There are widespread reports that there is no shelter
             | availability for single men in my metro area. I suspect
             | that multiple times per week I'll be unable to find a cot
             | in a shelter. Not sure what the legal thing to do then is.
             | 
             | https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-
             | texas/houston/...
             | 
             | I'm also a bit concerned about the safety and conditions in
             | the shelters, being that close to unpredictable strangers.
             | But I'd prefer that over doing anything illegal.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | Any chance you'd qualify for Section 8?
               | 
               | https://hchatexas.org/housing-choice-voucher-
               | program/voucher...
               | 
               | It can take a while to go through all that, though.
               | 
               | You can see available inventory here:
               | 
               | https://www.myhousingsearch.com/dbh/SearchHousingSubmit.h
               | tml...
               | 
               | (Disclaimer: My day gig, speaking on behalf of meself
               | only, etc. We are sponsored by the HCHA as their housing
               | search provider.)
        
               | bittercynic wrote:
               | From a friend's experience with shelters in NorCal,
               | you're mostly safe from crime inside the shelters (except
               | for theft) but at high risk of being a victim of crime
               | and harassment when you're nearby/outside. You will be
               | perpetually ill with coughs and colds if you stay in
               | shelters.
               | 
               | edit to add: I don't know of any solutions. Sorry for
               | sounding so hopeless.
        
           | dilap wrote:
           | I think you meant this as a rhetorical question, but I'll go
           | ahead and answer it anyway.
           | 
           | The practical answer is you do become homeless, but not out
           | in the open -- you'll set up a tent somewhere somewhat hidden
           | (maybe in the middle of a park, for example), and hope nobody
           | notices it. Every so often your camp will get discovered and
           | cleared out, which will be inconvenient.
           | 
           | It certainly seems pretty mean-spirited to harrass the
           | homeless in this way, but it does have the benefit of
           | (mostly) preserving the beauty and safety of public space.
        
             | runnerup wrote:
             | That seems illegal? I'd like to follow the laws. I am in
             | the USA.
        
               | dilap wrote:
               | Hard to follow the law without a certain amount of cash,
               | unfortunately.
               | 
               | If it comes down to it, I'd definitely recommend trying
               | to get your hands on a van before going full homeless.
        
           | p0pcult wrote:
           | Do you have a cryptocurrency address? Can I help?
        
             | runnerup wrote:
             | I'm not suffering that much and we shouldn't make HN a
             | place to spin a yarn for cash, or we'll lose what makes HN
             | great.
             | 
             | The story is largely truthful, except for the character who
             | has a pathological need to follow every rule. In reality,
             | I'll be late on my rent, my various credit scores will take
             | a hit, but I'm not going to get evicted _that_ quickly and
             | should be on my feet again before the end of January.
             | 
             | The lack of employment is entirely my fault, with the
             | peripheral assistance of crippling anxiety and self-doubt.
             | But I can choose to make ends meet bagging groceries, etc
             | for $15-17/hour. I'm also a reasonably median performance
             | programmer in C++ and Python so I should be able to find
             | salaried work in the next month or so!
             | 
             | If I was actually post-eviction / move-out negotiation with
             | my apartment I'd probably sleep in a car if I owned one or
             | set up a very hidden tent far away from other homeless
             | people near a $10/mo gym with showers and lockers.
             | 
             | Those plans may be illegal currently, but they are also
             | still probably the best choices for a homeless person
             | looking for work. Done properly, this doesn't result in
             | harm, inconvenience, or cost to the public. IMO, if someone
             | can notice me enough to complain about me...I'm not being
             | safe.
        
           | chaostheory wrote:
           | Homeless shelters exist for this purpose.
           | 
           | There's also HUD or similar entities if you're not in the US.
           | There are also private nonprofits like churches that help
           | with homelessness
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | My uncle was homeless for a while. One of the church run
             | shelters required everyone staying there to attend the
             | religious services at the shelter.
        
             | mullingitover wrote:
             | > There are also private nonprofits like churches that help
             | with homelessness
             | 
             | It's honestly shocking that the US has _absurdly_ wealthy
             | churches and we have greater than zero homeless people on
             | the streets. Helping the poor is _the_ core tenet of the
             | christian faith. If they practiced what they preach, it
             | should be impossible to lay down on the street for more
             | than five minutes and not be swarmed with offers for help.
        
               | RobertRoberts wrote:
               | Many people _refuse_ housing for these reasons: (I've
               | been directly told these, or have seen them reported)
               | 
               | * Housing is dangerous/scary (robbery, rape, physical
               | violence, etc...)
               | 
               | * Housing is a conspiracy (to control people or other
               | irrational ideas)
               | 
               | * The rules of housing are too restricting. (can't have a
               | pet, visitors, noise rules, cleanliness rules, curfew
               | rules, behavior rules, etc...)
               | 
               | There are others as well, but can't recall immediately.
               | 
               | A church can't fix these problems, no matter how rich.
        
             | runnerup wrote:
             | There are widespread reports that there is no shelter
             | availability for single men in my metro area. I think I'll
             | be able to get a cot some nights, but I suspect that
             | multiple times per week I'll be unable to find a cot in a
             | shelter within a 4-hour walk of city center. It's hard to
             | go around and ask at each shelter every night...there's a
             | limited time window for checkin so if my first two tries
             | are full I probably won't make it to a third option before
             | they lock up for the night. Not sure what the legal thing
             | to do then is.
             | 
             | https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-
             | texas/houston/...
             | 
             | I'm also a bit concerned about the safety and conditions in
             | the shelters, being that close to unpredictable strangers.
             | But I'd prefer that over doing anything illegal.
        
             | naet wrote:
             | Shelters are often worse than being outside in my past
             | experience.
             | 
             | People in shelters use lots of hard hard drug and fight or
             | sexually assault each other, shelters are full of tons of
             | illness (physical and mental), rampant theft, you'll end up
             | with awful pests like bedbugs, body lice, scabies, fleas...
             | and you aren't even guaranteed to be let in, after hours of
             | waiting in line, due to lack of availability.
             | 
             | They aren't well funded enough, aren't taken care of, don't
             | have enough staff to keep you safe, and have too many
             | troubled people in too close quarters. The ones sponsored
             | by religious organizations are usually just as bad and add
             | an extra layer of judgement and religious propaganda on top
             | of it all, rudely implying that all your problems are
             | because you don't follow their faith.
             | 
             | I'm not saying I have a good alternative in mind; being
             | outside can also (obviously) suck for different reasons,
             | but there are tons of legitimate reasons to avoid shelters
             | even when you're homeless.
        
           | anon291 wrote:
           | > Literally I cannot pay rent next month and have no one
           | willing to take me in.
           | 
           | Well in most cities in the United States, there are numerous
           | open spots in rent assistance or shelter programs. For
           | example, in my city of Portland, there is a lot of money
           | spent tackling this problem. In fact, each night, the city
           | has empty rooms available for anyone, but they go unused.
           | Unfortunately, part of the problem is the narrative pushed by
           | the media that America has no social welfare. We have quite a
           | lot. Unfortunately, the narrative we don't prevents people
           | from seeking it out.
           | 
           | This is similar to how narratives about COVID swamping
           | hospitals led to so many people not seeking medical
           | intervention that they died or let a preventable illness go
           | untreated. And it's what caused so many hospital closures.
           | 
           | Moreover, if you cannot pay the rent next month, you can
           | contact your local st vincent de paul, and they will often
           | cover it for you: https://www.svdphouston.org/
           | 
           | Below you said you are simply going to be late, and able to
           | resume making payments in January. If that is the case, there
           | are numerous programs available that will help you to make
           | your rent so you don't take the credit hit. Again, if you
           | lived in my city of Portland, I know several charities that
           | will simply pay your rent no questions asked, not even
           | expecting the money back. Please contact your local social
           | services agency or one of these charities. Many have funds
           | that go unused each month.
        
           | pigeons wrote:
           | What part of the world do you live in.
        
             | runnerup wrote:
             | USA
        
         | LarryMullins wrote:
         | Such laws should be enforced, they are good laws that benefit
         | _almost_ everybody. If somebody has a mental illness that
         | renders them unable to comply, they should be permitted to
         | receive treatment in lieu of legal punishment. If they prefer
         | not to be treated, treatment should not be forced on them but
         | they should instead face the normal legal punishment for their
         | crimes.
         | 
         | And of course, funding/supporting programs and regulations that
         | reduce the scope of the problem is a good investment. This
         | likely entails providing housing to people to preempt the issue
         | of those people trashing up public parks. But the laws against
         | that sort of behavior will still be necessary because some
         | people will choose not to avail themselves of those programs
         | and will behave antisocially no matter how much help you try to
         | give them.
        
         | Tiktaalik wrote:
         | The laws themselves are unjust.
         | 
         | In NA we don't build the housing we badly need, making it
         | arduous and illegal to build in most places, which has spiked
         | the price of having a home, making it unaffordable to many, and
         | then we've turned around and made it illegal to not have a
         | home.
         | 
         | That there are so many people "breaking the law" is a self
         | created problem by refusing to build homes for people to live
         | in.
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | Given the very low efficiency of most mental health "treatment"
       | this remains a mostly theoretical question. Until psychology and
       | physiatry sort themselves out and become sciences were really
       | just talking about locking people up...
        
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