[HN Gopher] Waymo expands its rider-only territories
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Waymo expands its rider-only territories
        
       Author : edward
       Score  : 164 points
       Date   : 2022-12-18 14:35 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.waymo.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.waymo.com)
        
       | lopkeny12ko wrote:
       | Having tried Tesla FSD many times, I'm very bearish on self
       | driving technology. Genuinely alarmed how Waymo was able to get a
       | permit for rides without human supervision. If I had not
       | intervened multiple times when I tried FSD in a Model S for just
       | a 30 minute trip, I certainly would have crashed.
        
         | rmorey wrote:
         | Waymo Driver and Tesla FSD are leagues apart
        
         | darkwizard42 wrote:
         | This would be like saying "I refuse to eat all leafy greens
         | because of one poorly managed farm didn't stay up on its health
         | standards and had E Coli"
         | 
         | Waymo's approach is so different from Teslas in both tech and
         | safety I'm not even sure you could compare or generalize.
        
         | stingraycharles wrote:
         | You can't compare Tesla FSD with Waymo, they are using
         | fundamentally different techniques. Specifically, Tesla decided
         | to do everything based on video images, while Waymo uses LIDAR.
         | 
         | Additionally, there's a cultural difference where Tesla doesn't
         | care about quality/safety as much as Waymo does.
        
         | readonthegoapp wrote:
         | Tesla FSD is just fraud.
        
         | mrshadowgoose wrote:
         | If your only sample has been Tesla "FSD", your bearishness is
         | appropriate. However, Tesla's level of development is infantile
         | compared to Waymo's.
         | 
         | It's clear that Waymo has run into some costs/limits in
         | physically scaling their operations, as the software side of
         | things appears to already be "good enough" and is not the
         | limiting factor.
        
         | ipsum2 wrote:
         | I heard a 3 year old play the violin once, I'm very bearish on
         | music.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | Tesla FSD should be illegal.
         | 
         | It's a complete joke that should really tarnish the brand value
         | of a company.
         | 
         | Doesn't mean other companies with better sensors and better
         | data don't have a FAR, FAR, FAR better experience.
        
       | gibsonf1 wrote:
       | This will not end well as ml/dl has no intelligence, and given
       | the ever changing world we live in, intelligence is needed for
       | safe driving. Phoenix has less variation than many places, but
       | statistics on the past won't help when something unexpected
       | arises as it always will in time. My guess is they are only doing
       | this now to convince investors (or google itself) that the
       | technology is viable, when in fact, is simply is not. Best to
       | just shut all these companies down until machine intelligence has
       | been achieved rather than waste so many resources.
        
         | moeris wrote:
         | > intelligence is needed for safe driving... won't get when
         | something unexpected arises as it always will in time
         | 
         | I don't think that's true. While unexpected situations do
         | arise, I don't think people use much "intelligence" to handle
         | them. When an elephant falls out of the semi truck in front of
         | you, your response is to hit the breaks. You don't spend a
         | minute thinking about the likelihood of the event, or question
         | whether allowing the elephant to hit your car might improve the
         | likelihood of it surviving (and whether that justifies
         | sacrificing yourself.)
         | 
         | The fact is that most accidents aren't very atypical. They're
         | everyday things that happen, and people aren't paying
         | attention, or they make a mistake. Handling just these
         | scenarios will result in net saved lives. In other words,
         | autonomous driving doesn't have to be perfect to be useful.
        
       | foruhar wrote:
       | Have Waymo announced which cities they will work on in 2023/2024?
       | One of the comments in here mentions their vehicles in Los
       | Angeles. Any guesses on when they may start service in New York
       | City?
        
       | mabbo wrote:
       | Many years ago, as an intern at Google, one of my mentors said to
       | me "Google found a hose that money pours out of, and it's name is
       | 'online advertising'. All we do now is improve that hose and
       | desperately search for another one".
       | 
       | I would love to see Waymo become another hose. I'd love to see it
       | launch in my city (whenever the laws are amended to allow such
       | things).
       | 
       | (Yes, I know arguably they've had a few other successes.)
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | The current Google is not good at inventing world changing
         | tech.
         | 
         | The rational thing would be to keep doing what they're best at.
         | 
         | But somehow that's not how things work.
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | I believe that the current ad revenue model is facing a
           | challenge due to the shift from a search-based approach to a
           | dialogue-based one. People are more likely to use a local
           | model to filter the web and communicate in a Q&A format. This
           | means that fewer ads will be visible, making it more
           | difficult for businesses to generate revenue in this new
           | paradigm. Why search when you can ask directly for the
           | answer?
           | 
           | BTW, local models underperform GPT-3 but they can still
           | perform decently (eg. FLAN T5, GPT NeoX)
        
             | warkdarrior wrote:
             | And you think AI models could not provide answers
             | appropriately biased towards an advertiser? Organic ad
             | content is the future.
        
         | inglor wrote:
         | Google has YouTube, Android, gmail, GCP and a bunch of other
         | big businesses.
         | 
         | I have a ton of criticism about Google but they've been able to
         | diversify a lot better than I expected and I totally understand
         | why companies with big cash "hoses" like you describe are
         | making these sort of 'long shot but highly profitable'
         | investments.
        
           | scarface74 wrote:
           | YouTube is thought to only break even as far as profits.
           | 
           | Android makes very little money in the grand scheme of
           | things. It came out during the Oracle trial that Android only
           | had made $17 billion between 2011-2017. On the other hand,
           | they pay Apple $18B+ to be the default search engine on iOS
           | devices. Apple makes far more from Google paying them in
           | mobile than Google makes from Android.
           | 
           | GCP is still losing money.
           | 
           | Google has no successful _profitable_ business besides
           | advertising and has the focus of a crack addles flea.
        
           | gok wrote:
           | Android and GCP both hemorrhage money
        
             | Grazester wrote:
             | Android does not. That changed a while ago too.
        
           | jeremyjh wrote:
           | They bought YouTube and Android.
        
             | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
             | You could reasonably argue that only things Sergey and
             | Larry didn't buy is whatever they implemented personally.
        
             | chaosite wrote:
             | How is that relevant? They also bought DoubleClick (the
             | online advertising "hose")
        
               | jccooper wrote:
               | They bought DoubleClick with revenues from paid search.
               | (Google's market share was about 50% at the time.) The
               | acquisition certainly helped them establish display
               | marketing, though.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | kyledrake wrote:
             | My learned experience with mergers/acquisitions is that it
             | is a genuine skill to pull them off correctly.
             | 
             | In YouTube's case it's more likely that they saved it, IIRC
             | the bandwidth bills and legal threats were getting pretty
             | existential around the time of the purchase. Inheriting
             | those legal problems was a chance they took that could have
             | sunk the entire company in a slightly dumber legal outcome
             | for the status quo of the web, which was still very much in
             | limbo at the time.
             | 
             | Being able to pull off being the only company to
             | successfully do self-driving is a similarly masterful
             | execution and I'm not sure how long it's going to take for
             | competitors to catch up to them at this point. More likely
             | they'll just be licensing any tech/patent use to
             | competitors and taking a cut off of that too.
             | 
             | Google has screwed up plenty of projects but this isn't one
             | of them. The upsides to human mobility are substantial and
             | well worth the effort and I hope everyone involved is
             | ultimately rewarded for it.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >Inheriting those legal problems was a chance they took
               | that could have sunk the entire company in a slightly
               | dumber legal outcome for the status quo of the web, which
               | was still very much in limbo at the time.
               | 
               | Yeah. Smartphones were barely a thing when Google bought
               | YouTube and, more broadly, user-created video wasn't very
               | widespread generally. YouTube's money-losing business,
               | such as it was, mostly consisted of users violating
               | copyright by uploading TV and movie clips.
        
             | menage wrote:
             | Google bought the seed that became Android. The startup had
             | only been working on the mobile phone OS concept for about
             | a year when Google acquired it in 2005 (originally they'd
             | planned a camera OS). The first public Android phone wasn't
             | released until 2008.
        
           | pcurve wrote:
           | I agree but ultimately those are still advertising :)
        
           | phh wrote:
           | All those businesses (except GCP) boils back down to ads.
           | They still manage to diversify better than Facebook, because
           | they diversified where they show ads, but it's still pretty
           | much just ads.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jamesliudotcc wrote:
           | GCP loses money.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | Their top 3 revenue sources are ads, ads, and ads.
           | (Respectively ads on their own properties, "Google Network"
           | ads, and YouTube ads.) That's more than 80% of their revenue.
           | GCP is 7.5% of their total revenue. Details here:
           | https://www.oberlo.com/statistics/how-does-google-make-money
           | 
           | One of the interesting questions for me is where the profits
           | come in. Android definitely started as a loss leader so that
           | they didn't get shut out of the mobile advertising market.
           | But I could believe that it's in the black now due to the
           | Apple-like model of charging a slice of everything that goes
           | through the phone. Google Cloud is definitely not profitable
           | yet, but they claim they will get there:
           | https://accelerationeconomy.com/cloud-wars/google-cloud-
           | has-...
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | Android probably pays for itself right now. But its primary
             | purpose is forcing about 70% of phones sold globally to
             | have Google apps pre-installed. And mobile ads, as you
             | said.
        
             | jcampbell1 wrote:
             | Google pays Apple $10B a quarter as search revenue sharing.
             | Chrome/Android are good deals on an alternative analysis
             | basis.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | This is like people saying all Apple does is sell iPhones.
           | 
           | AirPods would be a fortune 50 business by themselves...
        
             | scarface74 wrote:
             | The difference is that Apple's delineated businesses are
             | extremely profitable. Google not so much aside from ads.
        
           | WilTimSon wrote:
           | YouTube may be a business but, if you take away online
           | advertising there, it wouldn't be a successful one. In fact,
           | one of the first things people bring up when discussing
           | YouTube from that standpoint is how much money it loses. If
           | Google wasn't one of the richest corporations in the world,
           | YouTube would have been killed off a long time ago. I'm
           | frankly not even sure that the advertisements are enough to
           | sustain it even now, would have to check the recent data.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mbesto wrote:
         | > I would love to see Waymo become another hose.
         | 
         | Waymo is just another way to add more water to the hose.
         | 
         | More leisure time not focusing on the road = more eyeballs.
         | 
         |  _What percent of our lives do we spend driving?[0]
         | 
         | "Our best guess? Six percent of our waking hours are spent in a
         | car, en route. There are 4.12 million miles of road in the
         | United States, and that's a lot of ground for the 222 million
         | drivers in this country to cover."_
         | 
         | [0] - https://short-facts.com/how-many-hours-does-the-average-
         | amer...
        
           | dougmwne wrote:
           | I disagree. There's a ton of profit margin on the table
           | selling driverless rideshares and licensing the tech to other
           | automakers. While Google will be able to serve a few ads
           | during the ride, that will amount to a few cents of ad
           | revenue vs. several dollars of transportation services. Tesla
           | is already setting a price for full self driving that does
           | not even work or exist at 15k, so the actual retail price
           | could easily be tens of thousands, absolutely dwarfing the 5
           | year ad revenue per user, let alone the incremental increase
           | from a few extra hours of screen time a week.
        
             | Beaver117 wrote:
             | I'm not an expert but I doubt there's really a ton of
             | profit in rides. Uber, Lyft, even taxi companies are barely
             | profitable after many years. With the amount of money and
             | time spent on making self driving work I'm not sure they'll
             | ever make their money back.
        
               | brianwawok wrote:
               | You realize like 60% of the Uber / lyft fee goes to the
               | driver? Now imagine there is no driver... the math sure
               | changes
        
               | neon_electro wrote:
               | I'm begging you to read up on the actual experiences of
               | drivers for Lyft & Uber - there are dedicated subreddits.
               | 
               | Lyft and Uber are not leaving 60% of the money on the
               | table to the drivers.
               | 
               | https://www.reddit.com/r/lyftdrivers/
               | https://www.reddit.com/r/uberdrivers/
        
           | mrshadowgoose wrote:
           | It's both.
           | 
           | Moving people and things (Waymo Via[1] is their autonomous
           | trucking and delivery subdivision) via roadways is worth (in
           | revenue) hundreds of billions of dollars in the U.S. alone.
           | Even capturing a fraction of that market, and carving out
           | profit (by displacing expensive, accident-prone and sleep-
           | needing humans), is a money hose on its own.
           | 
           | [1] https://waymo.com/waymo-via/
        
       | coolspot wrote:
       | Just couple days ago I have seen Waymo white Jaguar in Los
       | Angeles driving on I-10 towards Santa-Monica.
       | 
       | I hope they will open service here soon.
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | I took a Waymo in Phoenix the other night. Works like magic. I'm
       | honestly fine waiting four times as long for one because it's
       | fun, and it's cheaper. Even when they had to send out a manual
       | driver, the experience was smooth and fast.
        
         | verdenti wrote:
        
         | mcrady wrote:
         | I also had a magical autonomous ride when I visited Phoenix a
         | couple years ago.
         | 
         | I asked a friend who works at waymo why it's taking forever to
         | build up a critical mass of vehicles to get the wait times down
         | to a more reasonable level.
         | 
         | He said the issue was cost. I guess all those sensors are
         | actually more expensive than the cost of a human driver at this
         | point?
        
           | judge2020 wrote:
           | High quality LIDAR suitable for autonomy is still pretty
           | expensive, and it's tough to take claims of "the price is
           | coming down" at face value.
        
           | hwillis wrote:
           | > I guess all those sensors are actually more expensive than
           | the cost of a human driver at this point?
           | 
           | Waymo inhoused their sensors and claimed a 90% cost
           | reduction, but before that they were at $200k+.
           | 
           | Still, even at $200k+ that's not _terribly_ high compared to
           | a human driver once you amortize it over 8+ years. Higher
           | than minimum wage, but really it 's probably a matter of the
           | upfront cost more than anything.
           | 
           | I'll also point out that even if they 100% solved self
           | driving... somebody has to fill the things up with gas in
           | most states, lol.
        
             | ugh123 wrote:
             | Or they use electric vehicles and the cars just park on top
             | of charging pads. But there's always _some_ kind of
             | maintenance in involved
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _the issue was cost_
           | 
           | It has to be deeper. Google has deep pockets. Even it doesn't
           | want to touch them, one could sell interests in individual
           | cars' cash flows, a quasi-debt which neither dilutes the
           | company's equity nor puts its survival at risk.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | They're spending a bunch of money on this already. Deep
             | pockets doesn't mean infinite pockets. Google Fiber over
             | promised, and the infinite pockets evaporated.
             | 
             | It makes a lot of sense to roll something like this out
             | slowly. Taxi service is a commodity, putting out a bunch of
             | cars that are have negative ROI doesn't get you much over
             | having a few cars.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | I think they're still in learning mode.
           | 
           | You _don 't_ want huge numbers of cars on the road until
           | you're sure they're incredibly safe.
        
           | zizee wrote:
           | Is it possible that he was talking about a different cost
           | than that of vehicle parts? Even at a million dollars a
           | piece, I'd imagine google would be happy to spend a hundred
           | million or two to get dozens/hundreds of higher visible
           | vehicles out in aive environment.
           | 
           | Perhaps the expense he was talking about is that it would be
           | super expensive to create a factory to be able to increase
           | the volume whilst the vehicles are still rather custom built.
           | 
           | I will say that I have very little knowledge about anything
           | here, just that Google has already spent billions on this
           | effort and it would seem strange that they are shying away
           | from spending a few hundred thousand per vehicle.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | Could you say more about the "they had to send out a manual
         | driver" bit?
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | I'm curious too. I assumed they'd just use manual remote
           | control for situations that the AI can't handle. Actually
           | sending out a driver sounds anything but smooth and fast.
        
             | jcampbell1 wrote:
             | I find it funny imagining an army of ex-tuktuk drivers
             | working from home on a simulator and using their expertise
             | to get the world's self-driving cars out of tricky
             | situations. If the AI ever learns their ways, it will be
             | terrifying but we will get to work 30% faster.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > If the AI ever learns their ways, it will be terrifying
               | but we will get to work 30% faster.
               | 
               | Only if they don't stop off at a tourist trinket store.
        
             | haliskerbas wrote:
             | I'd much prefer that as the failure scenario instead of
             | someone trying to operate my vehicle through a computer
             | screen.
        
               | brianwawok wrote:
               | Would VR goggles make you feel better?
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | I wasn't imagining someone clicking "forwards" in a web
               | browser. You would have full driving simulator style
               | control systems.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | Waymo's remote support can't drive the car. I'm surprised
             | by how many people seem to have assumed that would be a
             | good idea. What happens when, inevitably, there's a
             | communication fault while driving in this way ?
        
               | zug_zug wrote:
               | Uh, it switches back to self driving?
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | I honestly think that's a reasonable reply.
               | 
               | It's pretty clear that with Waymo the first response is
               | to fail safe: when in doubt, pull over and ask for help.
               | I was expecting that the help could include a semi-
               | assisted remote override mode. The remote support would
               | not be turning the wheel and pressing the gas, but giving
               | it higher-level overrides, like "do a u-turn here". So in
               | that case if it loses touch it's reasonable to resume
               | traveling if it now can or once again pull over and ask
               | for help.
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | Remote Waymo support can reach into the car's model of
               | the world to a limited extent to resolve problems, but if
               | the situation is just screwed then it makes sense to have
               | a human driver take over rather than waste the
               | passenger's time while somebody futzes with the model for
               | an unknown length of time.
        
               | davidcbc wrote:
               | If it was in a position where it could safely self drive
               | it already would be
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | It wouldn't need to be able to safely drive itself, just
               | safely pull over.
        
               | joshribakoff wrote:
               | Leaving a passenger in a stopped car in the middle of an
               | intersection is not safe. And your logic is circular, the
               | car hypothetically fails and calls for remote assistance,
               | and the link gets cut, the car "safe stops" and youre
               | right back at square one and need to send someone out
               | still. I dont think its as easy as youre characterizing
        
             | TexanFeller wrote:
             | Remote control sounds unsafe because radio signals are so
             | easily disrupted?
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Could you say more about the "they had to send out a
           | manual driver" bit?_
           | 
           | Car encountered an unmarked dead end and got confused turning
           | around (there was a badly-parked car on the narrow road). Car
           | called for help and we were told a person was en route. A few
           | minutes later, a guy arrived in a truck and manually drove us
           | to our destination.
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | Thanks! That's very interesting.
             | 
             | Toyota lost a lot of money the first few years they sold
             | the Prius, but they were happy to do it because they
             | believed they'd work out the production cost issues over
             | time. And they were right. Clearly Waymo's going for a
             | similar strategy here. But one difference is that Toyota at
             | that point had decades of experience wrangling the cost
             | curve for cars. It'll be interesting to see if they can get
             | capital cost plus mapping cost plus operational cost down
             | low enough so that they can at least break even on a ride.
        
             | tjoff wrote:
             | I thought remote drivers were supposed to handle such
             | issues?
        
               | pifm_guy wrote:
               | Remote drivers can only override some things. They can do
               | things like telling the car that the lane goes to the
               | left or right of a cone.
               | 
               | Or they can mark a vehicle as parked so the car won't
               | wait for a stationary vehicle it thinks has right of way.
               | 
               | But they can't directly drive the vehicle. The whole
               | software and Comms stack is far too slow to do that
               | safely.
        
               | pifm_guy wrote:
               | I personally think they should just update the stack so
               | they can do realtime control.
               | 
               | Pay 5G networks to have priority data feeds for video,
               | and send all the data back to an operator with 50ms glass
               | to glass latency. Then have the remote operator drive.
               | 
               | Always have the car in a position to take over and stop
               | incase the comms link gets cut. Usually that will involve
               | either slamming the brakes on hard or gently, depending
               | if there is an obstacle ahead or someone following
               | behind.
               | 
               | That means they no longer need to handle 99.9999999999%
               | of cases, but instead just handle 99.9% and detect the
               | rest for a human to do.
        
               | joshribakoff wrote:
               | > 50ms glass to glass latency.
               | 
               | You are potentially overlooking application level
               | latency, just because the packets arrive in 50ms time
               | does not mean the video latency is upper bounded to that.
               | I think 100-200ms is more realistic.
               | 
               | If your one way network latency is 50ms, it takes 150ms
               | minimum to send a packet on 1.5x round trips which is
               | necessary to confirm round trip connectivity and notify
               | the other party. If you can assume clocks are
               | synchronized you can send packets one way in 50ms to
               | confirm connectivity and latency.
               | 
               | > Usually that will involve either slamming the brakes on
               | hard or gently, depending if there is an obstacle ahead
               | or someone following behind.
               | 
               | you're specifically in a situation in which the car has
               | failed, so im not sure how you can assume the car will
               | make these kinds of decisions correctly.
               | 
               | > I personally think they should just update the stack so
               | they can do realtime control.
               | 
               | Lets assume video latency of 100-200ms can be achieved,
               | its still potentially dangerous. There are however some
               | companies i am aware of in certain countries that are
               | doing it anyway!
               | 
               | Even if glass to glass latency was 1ms, perhaps its not a
               | technological issue but a PR issue. Maybe they don't want
               | news headlines about people driving cars with mario kart
               | steering wheels or it's easier to get regulatory approval
               | by reassuring the public they will do the safest thing
               | possibly.
        
             | Mistletoe wrote:
             | It took four times as long to get it, you had to endure
             | this also and you still liked it?!
             | 
             | I think you may be an outlier and early adopter type person
             | and may not represent the average customer.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _took four times as long to get it, you had to endure
               | this also and you still liked it?_
               | 
               | Yup! It as far more forgivable than an Uber driver taking
               | the wrong turn half a dozen times in a row. It was half
               | the cost, before tip. And it was up to four times as long
               | a wait, not always four times as long. All of that more
               | than makes up for the fun.
               | 
               | It's not ready for mass roll-out. But there is a massive
               | beachhead to grab.
        
               | slaw wrote:
               | Did you tip robot?
        
               | Mistletoe wrote:
               | Hey I'm cheap, that might be the killer app feature for
               | me too if I used ride sharing services.
        
               | wetpaws wrote:
               | Dude, it's a freaking self driving car from the future.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | That is exactly how an early-adopter outlier would feel
               | about that. And I'm not saying you're wrong; those are
               | valid feelings. But if you look at the distribution of
               | people like that [1], it's not representative. Imagine
               | how most people would feel if a taxi driver did that to
               | them: "Oh, sorry, I'm scared to turn the car around;
               | please wait until a supervisor can pick you up." They'd
               | be annoyed at the delay and would be less likely to rely
               | on the service again.
               | 
               | Props to Waymo for what they've accomplished; they've
               | been very clever in working around the limitations of the
               | tech. But it sounds like it has a long way to go before
               | they're ready for general-audience usage.
               | 
               | [1] E.g., the Crossing the Chasm model, although this is
               | more the behavior of the "visionary" segment than what he
               | calls "early adopter"; scroll down to the first big graph
               | here: https://thinkinsights.net/strategy/crossing-the-
               | chasm/
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I'd do it once for the experience. I doubt there's any
               | real appreciable actual personal danger. But, with that
               | experience, I probably wouldn't do it again anytime soon.
        
       | dslowell wrote:
       | It's interesting how different the rollout of autonomous cars has
       | been from what people were expecting a decade ago. Not just the
       | speed of things, but also the way they're being adopted. So far,
       | we don't seem to be anywhere close to the nationwide mass layoffs
       | of truck and taxi drivers that people were predicting would
       | happen when self-driving cars started to take of.
       | 
       | Instead, current trends seem to be for an additional form of
       | transportation within limited geographic areas. One can imagine a
       | scenario where, for instance, we have a number of cities where
       | self-driving cars are the dominant form of transportation in the
       | center, but traditional cars are still owned and operated by the
       | people who live on the periphery, and most cities don't have
       | self-driving networks at all. Something similar to how the subway
       | functions in Manhattan New York, perhaps.
       | 
       | Or maybe not. But I think this all shows that it's not just
       | difficult to predict which pieces of future technology we will
       | have, but also how a particular piece of technology will actually
       | be implemented and impact society.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | For sure. "We tend to over-estimate the impact of a phenomenon
         | in the short run and under-estimate it in the long run."
         | 
         | I think part of what's going on here is that the actual pattern
         | of technology use is heavily dependent on technical and
         | economic details that can't be known up front. It turns out
         | that SAE level 5 autonomy is much harder than a lot of people
         | expected, so the thing that disrupted the cab industry is not
         | the long-anticipated robo-cab but a mechanical-turk version of
         | that. Or consider mass adoption of flying cars and/or personal
         | helicopters. It has been technically possible for a while, but
         | the economics and practicalities don't work out.
        
         | rafaelero wrote:
         | Only the optimists were thinking we would have something like
         | Waymo already in 2022.
        
         | jchw wrote:
         | It feels like there's always an imminent threat of computers
         | and technology replacing more human jobs, but it might wind up
         | being harder than it looks for one reason or another.
         | 
         | I think in the past, technology _mostly_ threatened to replace
         | and eliminate jobs nobody really wanted, or merely assist
         | people in their jobs to make them more effective. AI is really
         | doing a number on us, though. I really like programming, and I
         | have plenty of friends who really like drawing. It would be a
         | shame if the main incentive to be good at those things in
         | society were to disappear due to the job market being partially
         | eaten, but it does seem like that 's what is going to happen
         | eventually. Sometimes I wonder if it's even worth fighting it,
         | as it seems like it's just another inevitable mess that winds
         | up the same either way because people with more money than I
         | can fathom have a pretty good incentive to make it so.
         | 
         | Either way, driving seems somewhere down the middle. I think
         | automating driving would be great, but I also assume plenty of
         | truckers do enjoy the job, and would be lost without it.
         | 
         | It's good that this transition is taking a while. I don't think
         | we're equipped to handle it.
        
         | colordrops wrote:
         | If what you are describing turns out to be true in the long
         | term, it would have to mean that there is something
         | fundamentally different and harder about self-driving outside
         | of cities.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | If anything, I would think the opposite was true, at least
           | with respect to major roads. To be honest, I'm surprised
           | there hasn't been more of a push to get to something like
           | fully hands-off Super Cruise [1] system. I'm not sure I'm
           | that unusual in not generally caring that much about door-to-
           | door self-driving but would love something to take over on
           | boring highway drives.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.cadillac.com/world-of-
           | cadillac/innovation/super-...
        
         | noneeeed wrote:
         | I think a lot of people thought it would be exactly as hard as
         | it has turned out to be but were dismissed as being luddites or
         | lacking imagination.
         | 
         | I think it's always been apparent that self driving is one of
         | those problems where the first 90% is hard but solvable, but
         | where the difficulty just keeps increasing in the last 10%.
         | 
         | When I was growing up in the 80s and 90s I was constantly
         | seeing coverage of cars driving themselves around circuits and
         | even handling skids in a skid pan better than any human. I
         | fully expected to never have to drive. Sadly I was very wrong.
         | 
         | I've never wanted more to be wrong about my cynicism about a
         | technology than with self driving.
        
           | KKKKkkkk1 wrote:
           | _I think a lot of people thought it would be exactly as hard
           | as it has turned out to be but were dismissed as being
           | luddites or lacking imagination._
           | 
           | There may have been a lot of people like that, but there were
           | very few _knowledgeable_ people who were making such
           | predictions in public. The only one I know of is Rodney
           | Brooks, and even he went public for the first time only in
           | 2017 [0].
           | 
           | [0] https://rodneybrooks.com/edge-cases-for-self-driving-
           | cars/
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | John Leonard of MIT said something similar around the same
             | time.
             | 
             | "Taking me from Cambridge to Logan Airport with no driver
             | in any Boston weather or traffic condition -- that might
             | not be in my lifetime," Leonard told Bloomberg. (2018) (I
             | think he actually said the "not in my lifetime" thing
             | originally a few years earlier.)
        
           | ilaksh wrote:
           | And yet here there is an article about expanding the service
           | area of a working self driving system and you are still
           | implying that you believe it's impossible.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | In a limited area in cities with good weather. It would be
             | foolish to bet that we'll never have fully autonomous
             | driving on most roads in most conditions. It's probably
             | also foolish to bet that kids growing up today can
             | generally get by without ever learning to drive. (Yes, some
             | cities are better than others and some just accept they
             | can't easily go many places or pursue certain activities
             | but that's not the general case.)
        
         | ansgri wrote:
         | It's just US implementing proper public transportation via
         | contemporary means. I've always thought US has the advantage of
         | a genuine need for robotaxis compared to other advanced
         | economies where public transport already works well.
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | Tokyo, Seoul, Tapei, Bangkok, Singapore, Hongkong, Jakarka,
           | Kuala Lumpur would all greatly benefit either by safer or
           | cheaper taxis.
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | Even in Europe public transport generally only works well in
           | the biggest handful of cities.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | If you squint inhumanly hard you can argue I live in my
             | country's sixth biggest "city" (ie a contiguous area of
             | urban and semi-urban development - but under such a view
             | the city's "name" doesn't make sense to the people who live
             | in it and _that_ city doesn 't have good public transport
             | as a whole because it's not really a city)
             | 
             | But the city I actually live in (the one whose residents
             | recognise its name) is only a couple hundred thousand
             | people, and it has good enough public transport that I
             | lived here for almost thirty years now with no desire to
             | own a car. Have I gone in somebody else's car to an event?
             | Yeah, maybe a few times per year. But day-to-day and week-
             | to-week I don't need a car. I have a license, I own a car
             | parking space, I could easily afford a car, but it makes no
             | sense to buy one, so I don't.
        
           | rwmj wrote:
           | If you can do self-driving cars safely then it's probably not
           | a massive step to do self-driving buses and trains.
        
             | pmyteh wrote:
             | Trains are a completely different beast: they can't stop in
             | line-of-sight so the complexities are mostly in engineering
             | a safe (and failsafe) path for the train, rather than the
             | driver watching for obstacles. There are self-driving
             | systems, but they look quite different from self-driving
             | cars and likely have zero AI.
             | 
             | Buses, on the other hand, maybe.
        
               | rwmj wrote:
               | Right, disproving my own point, this is a good article:
               | https://www.londonreconnections.com/2021/the-political-
               | myth-...
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | With work fromn home and the efficiency, its worth asking if
           | billion-dollar right-of-way public transiy makes sense
           | anywhere. Waymo is to rail as packet-based networking is to
           | dedicated copper analog phone lines.
        
             | johannes1234321 wrote:
             | Yes, a car can bring people point to point, however it
             | still isn't space efficient. Each traveller in their own
             | vehicle is read of a compact bus or train. Still requiring
             | broad roads and space in the attractive areas.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Given autonomous driving, computer-dispatched and
               | scheduled mini-buses and vans could make sense for a lot
               | of scenarios where there's reasonable demand and no
               | transit.
        
               | mrshadowgoose wrote:
               | Yes, cars are less space efficient. However, what is the
               | objective line of "too space inefficient", and are cars
               | over that line? If not, why should one care? We aren't
               | optimizing for "most space efficient as possible", there
               | are other factors in the mix.
               | 
               | Despite all the complaining, Western society seems to
               | generally be accepting of the space inefficiency of cars
               | as it currently stands. And computer modelling has shown
               | that, all other things being equal, autonomous vehicles
               | are expected to increase the capacity of existing
               | roadways.
               | 
               | Also, don't forget that a lot of people want to get
               | around in a car, regardless of bus/train availability,
               | despite what your personal feelings on the subject might
               | be. However, don't get me wrong here, a lot of people
               | also want to get around on foot, by bike, and by bus.
               | Admittedly these options are lacking in most Western
               | urban environments. We should also be building up these
               | options for the people who want to use them.
               | Transportation doesn't have to be a winner-take-all, one-
               | solution-for-everyone fight. Different people want
               | different things, and there's no reason that
               | transportation options shouldn't reflect this.
        
               | themacguffinman wrote:
               | Because of global warming? The idea is fairly
               | straightforward:
               | 
               | - less space efficient means less fuel efficient which
               | means heavier carbon footprint
               | 
               | - less space efficient means more vehicles which means
               | heavier carbon footprint
               | 
               | - less space efficient encourages suburban sprawl which
               | means lower city service efficiency which means heavier
               | carbon footprint
               | 
               | - less space efficient encourages suburban sprawl which
               | means more efficient alternatives like public transit are
               | more costly and less convenient which means heavier
               | carbon footprint
               | 
               | You say transportation doesn't have to be a winner-take-
               | all fight but that completely ignores market/political
               | forces shaped by city planning. You handwave it away by
               | saying "admittedly these options are lacking in most
               | Western urban environments" but why do you think that is?
               | It's a consequence of American city space-inefficiency
               | which makes efficient public transit worse and favors
               | inefficient cars. It doesn't have to be winner-take-all,
               | winner-take-most is enough to change climate change
               | outcomes significantly.
        
               | abecedarius wrote:
               | Once robocars are clearly about ready to scale up,
               | there'll be a variety of designs including one- or two-
               | passenger cars.
               | 
               | Conversely, buses usually go mostly empty except during
               | rush hour.
               | 
               | Finally, small on-demand robocars should be a great way
               | to conveniently connect to a local train station and then
               | to your ultimate destination, _raising_ demand for
               | complementary mass transit.
        
             | mrshadowgoose wrote:
             | I've also had a variation of this thought, and have
             | received mostly revulsion from my fairly technical social
             | circles.
             | 
             | When most people think of "public transit", they only
             | picture busses, trains and multi-billion dollar corruption-
             | laden mass transit projects. However, in many cases, it is
             | far far cheaper to (as a municipal government) purchase and
             | operate fleets of self-driving electric vehicles. Don't get
             | me wrong, there are still cases where dedicated rights-of-
             | way for trains make more sense, but we should be using the
             | optimal solution for each given situation, and the optimal
             | solution is not always "trains and busses".
             | 
             | "Public transit" can also be "publicly owned electric self-
             | driving vehicles, making use of the roads that already
             | exist". However, a lot of people have an entrenched opinion
             | of "CAR BAD NO MATTER WHAT", with no objective basis of
             | what "bad" is.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" For those of you in San Francisco, join the waitlist today."_
       | 
       | Aw. Not quite yet. But getting steadily closer. What's pricing?
       | 
       | When the service turns on as a commercial service in San
       | Francisco, autonomous vehicles will really be here. Phoenix is
       | the easy case. SF is moderately hard. NYC will be tough.
        
         | snug wrote:
         | In SF, It's the same price as a Lyft or Uber. About $11 for a
         | 12 minute ride
        
       | notatoad wrote:
       | without knowing phoenix, it's hard to get a sense of how much
       | area is actually covered from this blog post. is this just an
       | expansion to a couple neighbourhoods, or is this getting towards
       | covering most of the city?
        
       | nosefrog wrote:
       | Has anyone gotten off the wait-list in SF? I've been able to ride
       | a Cruise taxi, but not Waymo.
        
         | snug wrote:
         | Yes, I got on the trusted riders list. I usually only use ride
         | shares to go to the airport, and sadly it doesn't go there yet,
         | so I've only used it a few times
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Nope. Cruise, yes. Waymo, no. I'm off the waitlist in Phoenix,
         | but can't book one here.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | LIDAR makes implementing FSD so much simpler. And you can still
       | harvest data so you can use it as a stepping stone for video-only
       | based FSD.
        
         | joshribakoff wrote:
         | The counter argument is lidar isn't strictly necessary (case in
         | point humans use vision, and roads are designed for visual
         | drivers). Furthermore, there is potential added complexity in
         | fusing lidar and video data. When lidar says the path is
         | blocked and video says it is not, you essentially have to
         | either trust lidar and stop unnecessarily or just ignore lidar
         | and go anyway (and then what was the point of the lidar?).
         | Having to make a decision like this is a form of complexity and
         | addressing that complexity potentially takes resources away
         | from iterating on the vision part of the stack.
        
           | swsieber wrote:
           | > When lidar says the path is blocked and video says it is
           | not, you essentially have to either trust lidar and stop
           | unnecessarily or just ignore lidar and go anyway (and then
           | what was the point of the lidar?).
           | 
           | If it's actually blocked then decision becomes stop and
           | prevent harm or go forward and hurt someone.
           | 
           | I don't think it's a very good counter argument.
           | 
           | Edit: without meaningful data as to which is more meaningful
           | I'd lean towards LIDAR being safer because there's less info
           | (depth) to infer, and to me color seems less important than
           | depth, barring stuff like signs and lights. Which shouldn't
           | be hard to correlate between the two.
           | 
           | But without more meaningful data this comes off as a "you
           | should x people people did x anciently and it seems like that
           | worked"
        
         | Philip-J-Fry wrote:
         | Yeah, I think if we want driverless taxis in major cities ASAP,
         | then Waymo is probably the way forward. It should be relatively
         | easy to continuously map a city with a fleet of vehicles and
         | keep them geofenced. It's will be a good revenue generator that
         | can sustain the company while they work on a more general video
         | based solution.
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | That's a very important difference. If it turns out that LIDAR
         | (and maybe other sensors) are needed in addition to machine
         | vision for level 5 automation, all the data Tesla cameras have
         | been gathering may be worth much less than the 3D models Google
         | is building.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Waymo is doing level 4 automation. Level 5 is still very far
           | away, and will require more than just LIDAR.
           | 
           | https://www.synopsys.com/automotive/autonomous-driving-
           | level...
        
             | rafaelero wrote:
             | > Level 5 is still very far away, and will require more
             | than just LIDAR.
             | 
             | I don't think that's true. In my view, by scaling these AI
             | models we will arrive there. But even if I am wrong, we
             | don't need level 5 for this technology to be revolutionary.
             | I am mostly interested in using Waymo as my new Uber, so if
             | it can decently navigate cities costing half the price,
             | then sign me in.
        
         | darknavi wrote:
         | LIDAR _and_ high resolution/detail 3D scans known ahead of
         | time.
        
       | bushbaba wrote:
       | At this rate will be 2060 before waymo is profitable. Curious how
       | long the shareholders are going to tolerate such a large expense
       | over dividend/share repurchases
        
         | KKKKkkkk1 wrote:
         | I find it interesting how deeply downvoted this comment is.
         | This is pretty much what TCI Management, a not insignificant
         | investor in Alphabet, has said in a note that they published
         | recently [0]:
         | 
         |  _TCI also pointed out that Alphabet 's Other Bets division -
         | which houses operations including Waymo, Nest, Access, Calico
         | and more - generated $3 billion in revenues in the past five
         | years but incurred operating losses of $20 billion. "Other Bets
         | have been unsuccessful" and operating losses estimated at $6
         | billion in 2022 should be reduced by 50 percent.
         | 
         | "The biggest component of Other Bets is Waymo," TCI added.
         | "Unfortunately, enthusiasm for self-driving cars has collapsed
         | and competitors have exited the market. Ford and Volkswagen
         | recently decided to shut down their self-driving venture"
         | saying that achieving profit in the short term was not likely._
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://www.theregister.com/2022/11/16/tci_fund_google_cut_c...
        
         | tomatbebo wrote:
         | Pressumably things will start to snowball if these smaller
         | scale trials demonstrate adaquate safety
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | One question is to what degree safety is dependent on testing
           | in these specific good weather areas for literally years. And
           | even the SF public self-driving area excludes what is almost
           | certainly the somewhat harder area of SF for self-driving
           | (though opening up much of SF is more impressive than Phoenix
           | generally).
        
             | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
             | Seems like fair weather tech at best at the moment. I just
             | can't see these things working in a place like a Canadian
             | winter without a few generational improvements. It starts
             | with the basics, like knowing you have to start slowing
             | down 3 blocks before the intersection if you don't want to
             | slide through it, but also involves knowing how the driving
             | culture changes during a storm.
             | 
             | We can install like IR reflectors in the road so that they
             | know where the lines are under the snow, but people don't
             | know where the lines are, and so during a heavy snow day
             | the lanes change and take on people's best guess and it
             | becomes the new default choice as more people take the new
             | paths.
             | 
             | As is often repeated the most dangerous thing to be on the
             | road is unpredictable, and I don't know if the self driving
             | cars would have the ability to see the changes in lane
             | positions and adjust, or if they'd be trying to follow the
             | old lanes in a crowd of cars making their best guesses to
             | make it home. Seems one of those "it won't work well until
             | the vast majority of the cars are automated" type deals.
        
               | Zigurd wrote:
               | > _the most dangerous thing to be on the road is
               | unpredictable_
               | 
               | Google already has the biggest hive mind for predicting
               | what's ahead. One reason I turn on Waze even when driving
               | a familiar route is that I can see traffic and conditions
               | ahead of me. Totally saved my butt when I noticed dozens
               | of accidents ahead in what seemed like a light rain. The
               | road had iced over. I got off at the next exit and waited
               | it out, using Waze to know when traffic was moving again.
               | Passed some horrifying big truck accident scenes yet to
               | be cleared by tow trucks.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | You are right. You wrote: <<3 blocks before the
               | intersection if you don't want to slide through it>> It
               | sounds like road maintenance needs improvement in your
               | city.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | That's funny, with that framing it seems as though it
               | won't be the robot cars fault for screwing up even though
               | the majority of drivers can get home safe in those
               | conditions.
               | 
               | When it's -30 for a week you end up in a situation where
               | road salt doesn't work and the exhaust from cars polishes
               | intersections to an icy sheen. It's hard to protect
               | against that.
        
               | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
               | Humans suck in these conditions too. The solution is to
               | go slower, pull over in the worst conditions, take an off
               | ramp, don't drive in the first place, etc. These are all
               | things humans have been known to do.
               | 
               | Road lines are important but physical obstacles like
               | other vehicles are more important.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | Will the car follow through with these solutions as well?
               | Are they set up to do that now? Can they make that
               | assessment?
               | 
               | Sounds like the solution here is just to not run the cars
               | when people are going to be most likely to want to use
               | it.
        
           | fullshark wrote:
           | Even if it's safe...what's the short term benefit for riders
           | beyond curiosity? Presumably cheaper fares + more throughput
           | but the math is not obvious to me that owning a fleet of
           | robotaxis will be a lucrative business to be in anytime soon,
           | even if you are the only robotaxi company in town.
           | 
           | Seems like they need to license this tech to have it payoff.
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | cheaper fares is a really big deal. if you can deliver the
             | same service 30% cheaper with 20% higher profit margins,
             | that's massive. driver pay is a significant component of
             | cost so cutting it is pretty massive.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Maybe? Not that I use Uber/Lyft/taxis much but, when I
               | do, I of course prefer them to be cheaper but +/- 30%
               | pricing pretty much wouldn't affect if I take them or
               | not. It's still a significant premium relative to driving
               | myself at home and, if I'm traveling, I may not have much
               | of a choice.
        
               | notatoad wrote:
               | if +/-30% pricing isn't significant, then the benefit
               | isn't lower fares, it's higher profits for the company
               | operating the cars. either way you slice it, not having
               | to pay drivers would be a significant win for a taxi
               | company.
        
               | rafaelero wrote:
               | > but +/- 30% pricing pretty much wouldn't affect if I
               | take them or not
               | 
               | But it's enough to prefer Waymo over Uber and that's all
               | it takes.
        
               | fullshark wrote:
               | I guess, but if I'm getting a taxi, replacing a human
               | with a computer is not a huge benefit to me, as I'm
               | already not driving. If I'm driving myself to work every
               | day, replacing that repetitive and boring task with a
               | computer is a huge user benefit and thus I'd be more
               | willing to pay and at a higher price for the tech.
               | 
               | I just think that's the only real way to make this thing
               | pay off. Also potentially it might work for long haul
               | trucking.
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | the benefit to the user isn't the computer, it's lower
               | cost. the bushes model makes sense because you can lower
               | user cost while increasing profit
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | spankalee wrote:
               | The benefit absolutely is the safer computer driver. I'd
               | pay more for that.
        
             | lozenge wrote:
             | License it to who? If they prove the model then investors
             | will be lining up to give them the capital to expand.
        
               | fullshark wrote:
               | Car manufacturers and trucking companies.
        
             | Zigurd wrote:
             | > _Seems like they need to license this tech to have it
             | payoff._
             | 
             | Seems like that's the plan. Volvo and some other car OEMs
             | are using Android on the dashboard. A total package of
             | infotainment, autonation, and the cloud services behind the
             | in-vehicle systems is a likely destination for this and
             | other products than can be sold into cars at the OEM or
             | end-user level.
        
         | jcampbell1 wrote:
         | Tesla charges $12,000 for the FSD package. Not sure what a
         | Waymo package might be worth, but it could be a hell of a lot
         | more lucrative business than Android.
        
           | ben1040 wrote:
           | $15,000 now.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | There are a dozen competitors, and the price of the actual
           | hardware is a few thousand dollars. I don't imagine this will
           | be a high margin business. A $1000/car markup over hardware
           | cost seems about right to me.
        
             | jcampbell1 wrote:
             | I can name a dozen mobile operating systems as well. Some
             | serious ones: Symbian, BlackBerry, Microsoft, Tizen, iOS,
             | Android. The question is if there is a network effect... a
             | powerful one such as "waymo doesn't manslaughter cyclists".
        
         | WilTimSon wrote:
         | From a consumer's standpoint, is that bad? I'd rather wait
         | longer and know for a fact that the product is 100% safe and
         | tested. This isn't something I would be willing to take a risk
         | on, getting into a car crash because I was really anxious to
         | try a driverless taxi seems embarrassing.
        
       | nullc wrote:
       | Does this mean that DoubleClick might finally diversify out of
       | the advertising business?
        
       | wpietri wrote:
       | Does anybody know how much this is currently backed with human
       | intervention? My understanding is that Waymo is bridging the gap
       | between their current level and full automation with having
       | humans on tap via the network. But I'd love to know more about
       | the frequency and circumstances of remote interventions.
        
         | tialaramex wrote:
         | Waymo has to do SAE Level 4 because there literally is no human
         | driver in the vehicle. You aren't allowed to sit in the seat
         | where the pedals and wheel are, this isn't assistance, it's a
         | driver, like in a taxi.
         | 
         | Remote humans can correct the machine's model of the world, to
         | a limited extent. A human looking at the data might conclude
         | that's a life-size cardboard cut out of Luke Skywalker, not
         | Mark Hamill stood motionless in the road in costume for no
         | reason, and so it's OK for the Waymo to squeeze past it,
         | whereas driving very close to humans is unacceptable.
         | 
         | They don't have any means to remotely drive the car, if for any
         | reason that's the solution to a problem, the Waymo will stop
         | somewhere, a vehicle with Waymo employees in will turn up in a
         | few minutes, then a human driver gets into your car and takes
         | over.
         | 
         | This does not seem to happen very often.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-12-18 23:01 UTC)