[HN Gopher] As unions decline, inequality rises
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       As unions decline, inequality rises
        
       Author : vivekmgeorge
       Score  : 295 points
       Date   : 2022-12-17 14:39 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.epi.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.epi.org)
        
       | pmoriarty wrote:
       | Many people don't want equality... especially those who see
       | themselves as superior.
        
         | atsuzaki wrote:
         | You can see it in the comments of this thread, even.
        
           | bombolo wrote:
           | Yep, like the people who say they are better than their
           | coworkers and say unions would make them compensated less...
           | USA propaganda succeeded... they don't even realise the enemy
           | is their CEO.
        
             | ohCh6zos wrote:
             | Why would the CEO be my enemy? A specific CEO maybe but
             | that is a very broad claim to make.
        
               | bombolo wrote:
               | > Why would the CEO be my enemy?
               | 
               | I studied some basic economics.
               | 
               | The goal for a player seems to be to obtain the maximum,
               | giving the least.
               | 
               | For his very role, the CEO will pay you the least amount
               | he can get away with. Ok he won't think of a few dollars
               | or cents, because it's not worth to think about it... but
               | when you negotiate your salary he would give you a
               | negative raise if he could get away with it. And during
               | normal work days he wants you to work as much as
               | possible.
               | 
               | Of course a good CEO understands that working 20h today
               | means that you won't do a good job tomorrow... but the
               | long term goal is that.
        
               | MoreSEMI wrote:
               | Would you not try to do something similar in working as
               | minimally as possible for the pay? Does that make someone
               | a bad person? Everyone tries to min-max life. Doesn't
               | make them enemies or bad people, it just makes
               | them...people.
        
               | bombolo wrote:
               | Yes of course I'm doing the same. I'm not saying CEO
               | should be put to death... I'm saying that people have to
               | understand their natural allies are people in their same
               | situation.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | I want society to get richer. I want poor people (in all
         | nations including China, India, and Vietnam) to earn more
         | money. This is not the same thing as wanting equality.
         | 
         | In that sense, no I do not support economic equality. Jeff
         | Bezos owning 10% of Amazon worth $X billion does not effect my
         | life in any way. If he owned 50% or 0.001%, instead my life
         | would still be the same.
         | 
         | I'm not sure why I need to be upset about that.
        
           | eggsmediumrare wrote:
           | The actual number is not upsetting, it's that 1) he achieved
           | that number by exploiting workers (pee in a bottle, stay in
           | the warehouse during a tornado, et cetera) and 2) not paying
           | taxes.
        
       | candyman wrote:
       | Seems like less regulation and less government leads to greater
       | efficiency. The rich get richer often because of government
       | loopholes. Carried interest is a simple one but in the 77,000+
       | pages of the tax code the rich have the resources to use lawyers
       | and accountants to avoid paying taxes. Anyone getting a W2 has
       | very limited wiggle room on avoiding the tax bite.
        
       | kaputmi wrote:
       | I have mixed feelings about unions. On one hand - should workers
       | be able to associate freely and bargain collectively against
       | employers? Yes! But, should some groups of workers be able to
       | impose on everyone that they must join their association in order
       | to be a worker at X company, or an actor, or something? No, I
       | don't see why.
        
         | ljw1001 wrote:
         | Only management should be able to impose their will on
         | employees and should be able to do so without competition. On
         | the job, and during their "free-time".
         | 
         | More seriously, imagine where not everyone is required to be in
         | the union and think about how easy it then becomes for
         | management to manipulate the environment to the detriment of
         | union employees until the union is wiped out.
        
         | throw0101c wrote:
         | > _But, should some groups of workers be able to impose on
         | everyone that they must join their association in order to be a
         | worker at X company, or an actor, or something? No, I don 't
         | see why._
         | 
         | We then get into:
         | 
         | > _In the social sciences, the free-rider problem is a type of
         | market failure that occurs when those who benefit from
         | resources, public goods (such as public roads or public
         | library), or services of a communal nature do not pay for
         | them[1] or under-pay. Free riders are a problem because while
         | not paying for the good (either directly through fees or tolls
         | or indirectly through taxes), they may continue to access or
         | consume it. Thus, the good may be under-produced, overused or
         | degraded.[2] Additionally, it has been shown that despite
         | evidence that people tend to be cooperative by nature, the
         | presence of free-riders cause this prosocial behaviour to
         | deteriorate, perpetuating the free-rider problem.[3]_
         | 
         | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-rider_problem
        
         | dnissley wrote:
         | Exactly! If conditions are so bad in a company that 99% of it's
         | workers immediately sign on to a union then that means
         | something _very_ different than when you can only get 51% of
         | workers to eventually sign on.
         | 
         | Collective bargaining is a escape valve against shit employers
         | for employees that don't have a lot of options. A standing
         | union with mandated membership and support from laws and
         | regulations very easily becomes something far more twisted.
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | A company should be able to set different salaries for
         | unionized vs. non-unionized workers.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | This analysis ignores the effects of WWII.
       | 
       | At the end of WWII, the USA was the only industrial economy in
       | the world, not significantly damaged by the fighting.
       | 
       | If you see, the spike of worker union participation is right
       | after the end of WWII.
       | 
       | Basically, for a couple of decades the USA had a monopoly on
       | advanced manufacturing. Then as Europe and Japan caught up, there
       | was more of a push towards efficiency as US companies faced more
       | competition
        
         | rejectfinite wrote:
         | Sweeden too cope cope cope cope cope cope
         | 
         | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Economic_history_of_Sweden#Secon...
        
       | stri8ed wrote:
       | As does global warming, and pandemics. Why assume their is a
       | causal relationship?
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Can we start a union for developers that sell in the App Store?
        
       | mannyv wrote:
       | What does inequality mean in this context?
       | 
       | The USSR, North Korea, and Cuba all have/had lower levels of
       | inequality than the west...by making everyone poor. That is the
       | easy way to reduce inequality/
       | 
       | What the left fails to realize is that absolute inequality
       | doesn't matter. The real questions is the vast majority feel
       | better off? In China, hundreds of millions are wealthier than
       | they were two generations ago. They have increased absolute
       | inequaliry and increased equality at the same time.
       | 
       | In fact, inequality as a concept is a ridiculous measure. What
       | does equality in that context even mean? That everyone should
       | make the same amount, no matter the ability or position? 90% of
       | humanity would vehemently disagree with that. In fact, people try
       | to flee countries who implement that sort of resource allocation.
        
         | sopooneo wrote:
         | I think your point about "feel better off" is critical, but I
         | wonder if that stems more from comparison across generations or
         | across the current population.
        
         | Devasta wrote:
         | There are some things, like political campaigns, where absolute
         | inequality does matter. One man one vote may be true in theory,
         | but in practice Rupert Murdoch has fat more political sway than
         | anyone on this thread precisely because of his wealth.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Rupert Murdoch has sway because he owns the most watched news
           | network in America. He could give away all his money tomorrow
           | and his sway would stay the same because he controls a major
           | news network.
        
             | Devasta wrote:
             | When people talk about wealth, they generally include
             | assets such as the companies owned.
        
           | Closi wrote:
           | Is that a problem with income inequality, or a problem with
           | political campaign financing rules/influence in a system
           | which has wealthy people?
           | 
           | Personally I think lower inequality in our society would be a
           | good thing - but also with political influence there are more
           | direct faults/solutions.
        
             | throw0101c wrote:
             | > _Is that a problem with income inequality, or a problem
             | with political campaign financing rules?_
             | 
             | In the US those are intertwined:
             | 
             | > _The court held 5-4 that the free speech clause of the
             | First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting
             | independent expenditures for political campaigns by
             | corporations, including nonprofit corporations, labor
             | unions, and other associations._
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_United_v._FEC
             | 
             | More speech for the rich.
        
               | gfdsgfsdgfdsg wrote:
               | The New York Times is funded by the rich. Should their
               | speech be restricted too?
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | _In the context elections and political sway_ , if you
               | want to be closer to one-person-one-vote, then the New
               | York Times would be restricted when it comes to elections
               | so they do not have more sway than a random blogger.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | What I mean is that they are only intertwined because of
               | that campaign financing rule - they aren't inherently
               | intertwined. And the more obvious and immediate solution
               | (to me) is to change that rule and stop them from being
               | intertwined rather than to somehow fix all wealth
               | inequality.
               | 
               | As an absurd example, let's say I made a law that said
               | that people with brown eyes can slap people with blue
               | eyes. In this world, slapping people and eye-colour would
               | be intertwined. This doesn't mean it's inherently a
               | problem with brown eyes, or that eye colour and slapping
               | are inherently intertwined. The obvious fix for this
               | would be to change the rule rather than to change
               | everyone's eye colours.
               | 
               | As in the US wealth and political donations are linked,
               | the initial problem is that those two are linked
               | together. There is nothing inherent that says you need to
               | reduce income inequality to reduce the impact of wealth
               | on politics - i.e. you can reduce the impact by changing
               | legislation so the two aren't intertwined.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | There's no way to make a sane case that it is the fault
               | of a single law, or an idiosyncrasy of US campaign
               | financing, that the amount of money you have has an
               | decisive effect on politics. It's not a question of blue
               | eyes vs. brown eyes, it's a question of wolves vs.
               | kittens.
               | 
               | edit: If you want to do something politically that would
               | harm my business, I can just silence you, have you
               | jailed, or kill you. No campaign finance necessary. I can
               | sponsor debates about the degree to which you molest
               | children in my newspapers and on my television channels
               | every day.
               | 
               | Hell, the money that goes to campaigns that isn't wasted
               | to party graft just goes back to media owners, anyway.
               | It's like US foreign aid, denominated in store credit at
               | US favored contractors.
        
           | next_xibalba wrote:
           | This is shocking news to me. How many extra votes does Rupert
           | Murdoch get? What is the exchange rate from dollars to votes,
           | precisely?
        
             | skummetmaelk wrote:
             | Is this sarcasm? I actually cannot tell.
        
               | next_xibalba wrote:
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | lol who's gonna tell them
        
             | Devasta wrote:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_The_Sun_Wot_Won_It
             | 
             | Murdoch's own papers claim credit for election victories. I
             | don't know the exact conversion rate from dollars to votes,
             | but it's absurd to suggest one doesn't exist and that
             | Murdoch's organizations don't know what it is.
        
             | flanflan wrote:
             | is this a serious comment? Rupert murdoch is a global media
             | baron, he literally owns news outlets that encourage people
             | to vote in one way or another. Do you think those news
             | outlets are free of his ideology? do you think the
             | washington post is free of Bezos' ideology?
             | 
             | Even billionaires and millionaires who dont own media
             | companies have outsized influence. They can fund
             | politicians they prefer to an extent that a rival might not
             | be able to match. They can pay for lobbyists. There are a
             | myriad of ways that dollars turn into votes without a
             | mustachioed man walking around with a bag of money being
             | involved. Mass movements aside the working class isnt out
             | there propping up politicians.
        
               | next_xibalba wrote:
        
               | flanflan wrote:
               | oh my god
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealioning
        
               | next_xibalba wrote:
               | You haven't presented _any_ evidence. So I 'm not sure
               | how this is "pursuing people with relentless requests for
               | evidence, often tangential or previously addressed".
               | 
               | Do you think it uncivil to ask people to justify their
               | claims with evidence?
        
               | pretendscholar wrote:
               | Ask a serious question then.
        
             | sopooneo wrote:
             | I don't know these numbers, but I bet someone on Murdoch's
             | staff does, at a statistical level.
        
         | JumpinJack_Cash wrote:
         | > > What the left fails to realize is that absolute inequality
         | doesn't matter.
         | 
         | 1) It's always paternalistic to try and explain to people how
         | they should feel, especially when the social group in question
         | is 55-60% of a country of 330M, it's not a matter of being
         | right or wrong. It's a matter of Tilting at the windmills vs.
         | not Tilting at the windmills.
         | 
         | 2) It's impossible to solve inequality because every complex
         | system is a Pareto system, however Pareto says nothing about
         | the speed of the turnover of the top 20%.
        
         | indiogrindio wrote:
         | > 90% of humanity would vehemently disagree with that.
         | 
         | > The USSR, North Korea, and Cuba all have/had lower levels of
         | inequality than the west
         | 
         | > In China, hundreds of millions are wealthier than they were
         | two generations ago. They have increased absolute inequaliry
         | and increased equality at the same time.
         | 
         | Sources? Do you have any data or metrics available for your
         | claims (outside of Facebook memes)?
        
           | surement wrote:
           | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/size-poverty-gap-
           | countrie...
        
         | bombolo wrote:
         | So you are saying there is nothing wrong with a country where a
         | few own everything and everyone else doesn't even have access
         | to healthcare?
         | 
         | > In fact, people try to flee countries who implement that sort
         | of resource allocation.
         | 
         | Yes, rich people, lol. People who GET access to things like
         | housing and healthcare remain.
        
           | kneebonian wrote:
           | I feel like you are mischarecterizing OPs argument. His
           | argument is that rather than focus on inequality we should
           | focus on increasing everyone's standard of living overall.
        
             | JumpinJack_Cash wrote:
             | > > we should focus on increasing everyone's standard of
             | living overall
             | 
             | The most important quality of life metric is mental health.
             | 
             | There is no way around the fact that mental health is
             | heavily impacted by the fact that citizens feel worthless
             | when they assess their social status vis-a-vis the top 1%
             | 
             | And no amount of stuff will solve this problem because
             | social status is a zero-sum game.
             | 
             | It's one of those problems that simply cannot be solved.
        
               | flanflan wrote:
               | i dont think people revolt because they feel bad when
               | they compare themselves to the 1%. People revolt because
               | they have nothing to lose. Their material conditions are
               | the most important thing in this equation. I'm sure that
               | a populace can tolerate inequality to a point (look at
               | the inequality in the US and Europe, for example) but
               | once a large enough slice of the population has nothing
               | to lose then it's choppy boy time.
        
               | JumpinJack_Cash wrote:
               | You are right, but it's desirable to prevent suicides and
               | mass depression just as much as it's desirable to prevent
               | revolts.
               | 
               | Revolts spark because people have nothing to lose
               | 
               | Mass depression, bad mental health on a country level and
               | suicides happen when people feel worthless
        
         | throw0101c wrote:
         | > _What does inequality mean in this context?_
         | 
         | Everything going to the top, and nothing going to those on the
         | bottom.
         | 
         | > _The USSR, North Korea, and Cuba all have /had lower levels
         | of inequality than the west...by making everyone poor._
         | 
         | Seems like your examples also have things going to the people
         | at the top.
         | 
         | A comment from a few years ago that I saved:
         | 
         | > _If we suppose that the goal of society is to produce the
         | greatest utility, and that the utility wealth provides an
         | individual is sub-linear (i.e. twice as much money makes you
         | less than twice as happy), then inequality is inefficient
         | resource allocation._
         | 
         | > _However, we also suppose that some level of inequality can
         | lead to greater productivity, and thus greater utility overall.
         | The question is then what level produces the best outcome?_
         | [...]
         | 
         | * https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14505342
        
           | gfdsgfsdgfdsg wrote:
           | Why aren't poor Americans immigrating elsewhere if they have
           | "nothing"? The poor in other countries are risking their
           | lives to come to America.
        
             | throw0101c wrote:
             | > _" nothing"_
             | 
             | * https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proverbial
             | 
             | * https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/literal
        
       | ed25519FUUU wrote:
       | Of course, correlation does not equal causation!
       | 
       | But in some cities, the govt is required to do work only with
       | labor unions. In that case, joining a union might help, because
       | the government has taking away your competition!
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | As the government share of gdp rises, so does inequality.
       | Increasing tax rates, and increasingly progressive tax rates,
       | provide an increasing barrier to moving up.
        
       | dzink wrote:
       | World War II was a much bigger reason and a cause for this. There
       | is a problem with correlation vs causation in the article's
       | logic. I'd argue the unions were a bi-product of a historically
       | rare moment in time vs cause of equality. The market bust and
       | global world war increased taxation, demand for workers, and
       | value of each worker in the early 40s. Much more importantly, for
       | a few decades after WWII all other global world powers were
       | rebuilding after being leveled by the war. The US instead
       | remained as the last productive developed nation standing for
       | decades and enjoyed likely huge margins as a result of both lack
       | of competition and demand for supplies by the rest of the
       | developed world. Those margins and the unscathed living
       | conditions, also turned the US into a magnet for technical and
       | scientific talent from everywhere else.
       | 
       | The more competition recovered in Japan and elsewhere, the less
       | bargaining power and surplus could be captured by Unions. The
       | Union-driven higher costs of manufacturing also drove
       | outsourcing, off-shoring, and did not lead to higher quality
       | output, (if Unions were producing higher quality that would have
       | kept Japanese-manufactured cars from dominating US car sales
       | shortly after).
       | 
       | Even further, exorbitant labor costs make it worthwhile for
       | manufacturers to do capital investments in automation, and we are
       | seeing the output of that.
       | 
       | The rise in middle class should probably be attributed to
       | investments - in equities, bonds, house purchases. Growing up in
       | Eastern Europe, where only housing investment was an option, and
       | unions were abundant, the middle class that sprouted came from
       | those who invested in property and business. Labor union power
       | and wealth was too politically and corruption influenced to be a
       | sustainable source of growth for the country.
        
         | blululu wrote:
         | Not trying to start a flame war, but the Japanese are an
         | example of an economy where unions work really well. Their
         | constitution and labor laws were largely written by New Deal
         | Democrat inflected occupation forces who set up labor rights
         | that Detroit fought against (somewhat successfully) for years.
         | Some have even gone to suggest that the competitiveness of
         | their auto industry stems from the fact that labor is
         | effectively a fixed cost and a controlling stakeholder so the
         | incentives to improveme process align nicely. This isn't a
         | pro/con union position it is more of a nuance that some unions
         | are better than others and the historical/legal context for
         | unions shapes that effecitvness. Unions can be a positive force
         | but they can also be a negative force. A one sided account for
         | them being good or bad is just too simplistic to be credible.
        
         | boycott-israel wrote:
        
         | rubyn00bie wrote:
         | > World War II was a much bigger reason and a cause for this.
         | 
         | I'm going to stop you right there because that shows you're
         | quite literally making this up based on feelings or beliefs.
         | You're totally misrepresenting the history of labor unions.
         | Labor unions were on the rise all throughout the 1800s and
         | early 1900s.
         | 
         | https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0113/the-history...
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | This backs up that labor unions grew a lot during the war and
           | continued growing after the war.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_Sta.
           | ..
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | > The rise in middle class ...
         | 
         | The "middle class" is a myth and is a propaganda tool for
         | creating dissent. There are really only two classes:
         | 
         | 1. Capital-owners. Think Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Larry Page,
         | Sergey Brin, Bill Gates, Warren Buffet, etc; and
         | 
         | 2. Workers. This is anyone who trades their labor for an
         | income. This covers everyone from the janitor to LeBron James.
         | 
         | The idea of the "middle class" is to create a division between
         | them and the "lower class". The "middle class" often look down
         | on the "lower class" and lump those who might rely on welfare,
         | etc. The "lower class" will be blamed for many of society's
         | ills.
         | 
         | The truth is there is no division. What you think of as the
         | "middle class" and "lower class" are exactly the same and have
         | way more in common than to the Musks, Bezos's and Buffett's of
         | the world.
         | 
         | Billionaires have class solidarity. The dire situation of
         | stagnant real wages and skyrocketing cost of living is largely
         | a result of workers not having class solidarity.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | I am a worker. I am also a capital owner, though on a small
           | scale, from investing the surplus of my pay for my labor.
           | 
           | I am far from alone. And the existence of people like me kind
           | of blows up your neat theory.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | Do you employ multiple workers, either directly or through
             | your investments, to be able to sustain yourself through
             | profits?
             | 
             | You are the perfect example - someone who's managed to
             | squairrel away a tiny fraction of the capital pie and now
             | imagines himself to be in a different class.
             | 
             | Just because you now own a sandwind does not you a
             | capitalism make.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | My IRA and 401K aren't quite enough to sustain me, yet,
               | but I'm getting there.
        
         | ponow wrote:
         | This argument needs to be made more. Thanks!
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | > The Union-driven higher costs of manufacturing also drove
         | outsourcing
         | 
         | Gousing prices are the cause of higher cause of manufacturing.
         | I am not sure how noone is talking that a worker in the west
         | cannot compete eith a worker in a developing country when his
         | rent is 10x higher. Then peolle have the guts to blame unions.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | You really need to squint at the sun to conclude that.
         | 
         | As money interests have become more politically powerful, it's
         | harder and harder for employees to organize. You can get fired
         | at Walmart if 4 people are caught talking to each other.
         | 
         | It's easy to rag on unions, but usually that's a surface
         | complaint ignoring the factors causing it. Even globalization
         | is an example. There's nothing etched in stone that says we
         | need to have child labor mining in Africa for rare earth
         | minerals to make iPhones.
        
           | runarberg wrote:
           | There is also the fact that the so called "globalization"
           | enabled the free flow of capital, but not the free flow of
           | workers. Meaning it created geographically sanctioned low-
           | labor zones for the capitalist class to exploit, while
           | enforcing strict border controls such that international
           | solidarity between workers of the world could never form.
           | 
           | This is an explicit policy choice by the ruling class, and
           | has proven awfully convenient for the owning class.
        
           | simplotek wrote:
           | > As money interests have become more politically powerful,
           | it's harder and harder for employees to organize. You can get
           | fired at Walmart if 4 people are caught talking to each
           | other.
           | 
           | Totally this.
           | 
           | We can't pretend that the likes of Amazon et al haven't been
           | repeatedly caught being openly hostile and extremely
           | agressive towards any semblance of a labour rights
           | organization within their workforce, with union busting
           | strategies being discussed, planned, and executed at the VP
           | level. They went as far as executing smear campaigns in the
           | media targeting labour representatives and activists.
           | 
           | No one can claim that unions are in decline due to some
           | unavoidable law of nature when huge multinationals once led
           | by the richest man in the world invest so much time and
           | effort and money at the VP level to sabotage them.
        
           | Aunche wrote:
           | >Even globalization is an example. There's nothing etched in
           | stone that says we need to have child labor mining in Africa
           | for rare earth minerals to make iPhones.
           | 
           | This is a concern troll. If you really cared about child
           | labor abroad, you would unequivocally support globalization
           | as parents don't want their kids to be slaves and more jobs
           | in these countries gives parents more options. Child labor
           | and slavery is caused by a lack of oversight more than
           | anything else, and unions in the US won't help that.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | Tell me how globalization has improved conditions in the
             | Congo?
        
               | Aunche wrote:
               | Companies don't want to invest in a unstable and corrupt
               | country. Even so, the rapid rise in HDI of the DRC aligns
               | with the growth of their exports.
               | 
               | You seem to be implying that colonization is synonymous
               | with globalization, but let me dispel this notion. The
               | problematic part of colonization were the protectionist
               | aspects of it. The Congolese were unable to compete for
               | the same administrative positions of that the Belgians
               | enjoyed.
               | 
               | Now you tell me how unions in the US are supposed to help
               | the DRC.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | I didn't say that.
               | 
               | I said that globalization is an example of money driving
               | policy at the exclusion of all else. High minded bullshit
               | about resource extraction making your life better is
               | similar to the bullshit narratives used as justification
               | of colonialism.
        
         | soco wrote:
         | Re. unions: especially in the Eastern Europe I don't think
         | unions deserve to be called like that "unions". They were just
         | facades for the "communist" political power to reach into every
         | corner of worker's lives. Unions real meaning is negotiation
         | power against the employers, and you must agree there was
         | exactly _zero_ of this in the EE. Might have been something
         | before communism took over, but after WW2 there was no union
         | left worth their name behind the iron curtain.
        
           | scarmig wrote:
           | > after WW2 there was no union left worth their name behind
           | the iron curtain.
           | 
           | Solidarnosc.
        
             | soco wrote:
             | Agree on that. Still it's difficult to see it as "union",
             | rather as grassroots opposition party.
        
         | geysersam wrote:
         | This is bizarre.
         | 
         | Of course there is not one single factor determining the
         | economic, technical and social development of countries over
         | decades of time.
         | 
         | But the relationship between unions, the labor movement, and
         | social democratic policies is obvious.
         | 
         | Those in turn have had a large impact on equality and standard
         | of living.
         | 
         | The economy benefits from having a larger base of well off
         | consumers, and a well educated, healthy, non-striking labor
         | force. It's a self reinforcing positive spriral.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | > There is a problem with correlation vs causation in the
         | article's logic
         | 
         | No, there isn't. The causation is self-evident, and also
         | unsurprising since it's the whole point of unions.
        
           | MoreSEMI wrote:
           | I think stating that something is self-evident is not a
           | helpful argument. First, it seemingly isn't or else parent
           | would not have posted as such. And secondly, something being
           | self evident is only used when you want to describe an axiom
           | because you cannot prove otherwise.
        
             | civopsec wrote:
             | Saying that something is merely a "correlation" (not a
             | causation--and implying that this _other thing_ is) and
             | saying that something is "self-evident" are both arrogant
             | statements when you just end up saying, hey, look at this
             | narrative that I like instead.
        
             | geysersam wrote:
             | As someone who lives in a country were unions were one of
             | the major political forces during the 20th century, the
             | impact they had on the social and economic development is
             | truly self evident and mostly (overwhelmingly so) positive.
             | 
             | Of course, the GP might be from a country with another
             | experience.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | American labor unions are closer to cartels and the setup
               | would be illegal in many European countries; in some
               | states you aren't forced to join a union, but you still
               | have to pay at least part of the dues that ostensibly
               | covers contact negotiations. In other states, you must
               | join the union as a condition of being hired.
               | 
               | Contrast that with countries where unions (like health
               | care) are not tied to an employer. The whole dynamic is
               | very different, and I think less adversarial between
               | unions and employees.
               | 
               | In the US if you have a problem with your union, you are
               | out of luck. Make waves, and the union will make your
               | life hell. It's a second layer of rent seeking
               | management.
               | 
               | Ever since the SEIU tried to take a cut of all government
               | benefits to families who care for disabled people in MN,
               | it was obvious that unions here exist to serve only
               | themselves.
        
               | MoreSEMI wrote:
               | Ok, fair point from an individuals view. But considering
               | that its known that unions are a controversial opinion,
               | it would still seem rash to state its obviousness.
        
           | phil21 wrote:
           | It's completely "self-evident" to me that the US can never
           | re-achieve post-WWII prosperity largely for the reasons OP
           | stated.
           | 
           | It was a moment in history that will not repeated in any of
           | our lifetimes. Anything else against this backdrop is
           | basically a rounding error.
           | 
           | I was alive during the drawdown of US industrial capacity and
           | my entire family was blue collar mostly union workers. In my
           | teens and 20's I worked such jobs. This narrative still rings
           | largely true to me. The amount of outright waste and fraud in
           | these industries at the labor level was astronomical. We were
           | begging to be outcompeted. Combined with managerial
           | incompetence we were doomed.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | _> It was a moment in history that will not repeated in any
             | of our lifetimes._
             | 
             | Unless of course we have another world war, which isn't
             | really unlikely given the shortages and events climate
             | change will bring in the future.
        
         | indiogrindio wrote:
         | > There is a problem with correlation vs causation in the
         | article's logic.
         | 
         | No there isn't. You just didn't read any of the links in the
         | article that it used for support, IE
         | https://www.epi.org/blog/union-decline-rising-inequality-cha...
         | 
         | > The Union-driven higher costs of manufacturing also drove
         | outsourcing, off-shoring, and did not lead to higher quality
         | output, (if Unions were producing higher quality that would
         | have kept Japanese-manufactured cars from dominating US car
         | sales shortly after).
         | 
         | You can't have it both ways in your argument. You set up an
         | initial statement about high Union costs driving outsourcing,
         | and then immediately drop that point as you pivoted to an
         | argument about quality being the driver.
        
       | jostmey wrote:
       | Politics aside, there might not be a causative link between
       | unions and inequality--just a correlation. Supporting unions may
       | or may not reduce inequality
        
       | thepasswordis wrote:
       | The exact attitude in this thread is why people don't like
       | unions.
       | 
       | It's this smug idea that the workers are simply too stupid to
       | understand that they should join the special club. Not that they
       | don't don't like jt, or have made an informed decision about it,
       | it's because they are dumb and not capable of advocating for
       | themselves.
       | 
       | I don't want to be in your weird HOA club. Leave me alone and let
       | me do my work and go get a job in HR so you can be a part of the
       | PMC, which is obviously what you are after anyway.
        
         | leach wrote:
         | It's quite annoying when people just assume that a union would
         | be the best thing for you. They clearly have no idea and just
         | read on the internet that a union would be good for workers so
         | obviously they have to align with that view.
         | 
         | The last thing I want is for freeloaders to essentially never
         | get fired and for some parasitic entity to collect dues for
         | "bargaining" that usually isn't even worth it by the time they
         | finish negotiations. Especially in todays climate.
         | 
         | Sure the threat of a union may mobilize a company to be more
         | competitive and pay more, but the actual unions themselves just
         | seem to never work out. Expecting an entity that doesn't do
         | much to get you all these benefits is almost insane. When has
         | any union actually got everything they promised? Never, at
         | least not in America.
        
       | steve76 wrote:
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Every time I read something on HN about immigrants I know what a
       | tech union would look like. Like the AFL CIO of old, it will be
       | anti-immigrant. That specifically does not work for me.
       | 
       | Confoederationes commercii delendae sunt
        
       | Overtonwindow wrote:
       | What is the impact of inequality in a job seekers market? The
       | perception I have is that employers are seeing difficulty in
       | hiring. Would not inequality and diversity increase in such
       | markets, as employers lower barriers and reduce leverage?
        
       | TexanFeller wrote:
       | Do China and similar powers have pervasive unions? If the rest of
       | the wold doesn't, unionizing in the US may be a very temporary
       | victory as union demands encourage even more offshoring and
       | automation. We compete globally now. Globalization may be the
       | bigger source of inequality in the first place.
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | Globalization moves money to people most in need of it (i.e.
         | developing countries with cheap labor/resources).
        
       | susanasj wrote:
       | I think this is a good article for tech workers to read to
       | provide perspective on our place in the tech economy
       | (particularly Americans): https://organizing.work/2020/12/there-
       | is-something-missing-f...
       | 
       | particularly this part: > Early on in my own career in the
       | industry, I felt guilty about making a "good" salary. Why did I
       | deserve to make more money than a teacher or a nurse? Of course,
       | I don't -- they deserve a lot more too. But if I was making less
       | it would go straight into the pockets of investors, not other
       | workers. Tech workers' labor has made six of the world's ten
       | richest people, and today computing and the internet are an
       | integral part of every industry. Although some workers are highly
       | paid, the differential between investor profits and employee
       | salary is as stark as in any other industry, because workers are
       | not organized.
       | 
       | it's true that tech workers frequently make good money and we
       | should be grateful for that, but when our industry is producing
       | oligarchs like Musk, Zuckerberg, Bezos, it means that they are
       | profiting from the things that tech workers produce. It's how
       | inequality is increased. It's no coincidence that the rise of the
       | tech economy has coincided with American inequality rising
       | sharply.
        
         | tbrownaw wrote:
         | "deserve" doesn't exist. What does exist is "what price makes
         | the market clear".
         | 
         | Assigned moral worth or whatever "deserve" is trying to get at
         | has nothing to do with economics.
        
           | 7sidedmarble wrote:
           | Why shouldn't we have ethical opinions about the economy?
        
             | nec4b wrote:
             | Do you have ethical opinions for example about Newton's
             | laws in physics? Or do you accept them for what they are?
        
               | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
               | Humans design the system in which the market operates.
               | Obviously one cannot make an appeal to change physics.
        
               | nec4b wrote:
               | We design car and planes just as well with physics.
        
               | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
               | This is not analogous. You likened criticizing our
               | economy (inclusive of the state of various laws that
               | determine how it impacts people) to criticizing physics
               | itself (to suggest that doing so is unreasonable).
               | 
               | The economy is like a singular, gigantic vehicle we all
               | occupy. It abides certain natural laws (such as human
               | nature, and the scarcity of certain resources), but the
               | vehicle itself is designed by some of our fellow
               | passengers (and its design does not optimize for the
               | things many of us feel it should).
        
               | nec4b wrote:
               | Sure it is. You and other passengers are trying to design
               | the vehicle by ignoring human nature, scarcity, etc. (the
               | physics). Because you are asking yourself why does the
               | piston deserve all the fuel and not the headlights.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | And if somebody makes a shitty car that contains an extra
               | bomb that randomly explodes and kills people we tell them
               | that's a shitty car. We don't blame physics.
        
               | parthianshotgun wrote:
               | This is sarcasm I'm assuming?
        
               | nec4b wrote:
               | I thought implying there was some sort of cosmic
               | injustice when a software developers"deserves" more than
               | a nurse, was some sort of sarcasm. We would never
               | understand anything about the world if we talked like
               | that about for example why does this rock deserves a
               | higher potential energy than that acorn.
        
             | tbrownaw wrote:
             | So, things like "functioning markets are good" and "price-
             | fixing is bad"?
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | And usury is awful.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Slave markets were functional. Feudalism was functional.
               | The market for drugs and organs are functional.
               | 
               | Lets try tougher ones - are markets captured by cartels
               | functional? Does OPEC inhibit free market or are they
               | free market in action?
               | 
               | When tech companies create anti-poaching agreement to
               | supress wages, is that functional?
        
           | slg wrote:
           | This is only true if you think "economics" and "capitalism"
           | are the same thing.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | I phrase things like this: the lack of real labor power
           | through unions or ideally worker cooperatives leads to bad
           | deals for workers. It would be in the interest of workers to
           | build collective power and demand better compensation or
           | start their own cooperatives to guarantee higher pay and
           | benefits.
           | 
           | This has to be said because collective action necessarily
           | requires convincing a lot of people to do it. But either way
           | this language avoids the claim of right and wrong and simply
           | focuses on the fact that workers today get a bad deal due to
           | poor bargaining power.
           | 
           | It's also not just about markets. The federal government
           | places severe restrictions on what organized labor can do to
           | advocate for itself: Labor Management Relations Act of 1947
           | Aka "Taft-Hartley Act" https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft-
           | Hartley_Act
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | People who go on about markets pretend that power dynamics
             | and behavioural economics don't exist.
        
         | ncr100 wrote:
         | +1 Worker-Unions-conversation-point for using "oligarch" in a
         | comment. /jk
         | 
         | The comment about "used to feel bad about making a lot of
         | money" hits home for me, when I compare my wages to other
         | family members who're struggling. Thanks for the perspective,
         | it helps open me up a bit more about this.
         | 
         | Great information in the link, too - helps to consider whether
         | and how a Union might be attractive, under various workplace
         | circumstances.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
         | One of the memes that you frequently see in the upper middle
         | class left-leaning tech worker circles is that anything less
         | than a worker co-op is ultimately an organizational structure
         | that is inequitable and exploitative to its labor force,
         | leading to negative externalities for society at large.
         | 
         | I'm 100% ignorant of the history of labor and of all
         | philosophical dialectic around it, but I would love to form an
         | opinion on this. Would someone mind steel manning both sides of
         | that argument?
         | 
         | E.g. I have questions like, if I'm the founder of a company and
         | I sell it 10 years later and make most of the upside, did I
         | exploit my employees because they didn't make as much as I did
         | in the end?
        
           | scarmig wrote:
           | Argument for the meme:
           | 
           | Labor unions don't challenge the core structure of
           | capitalism; even when they're working, they mostly serve to
           | give a slightly bigger piece of the pie to workers. And in
           | practice, they are hijacked by a certain bureaucratic caste
           | that mostly optimizes for stability and self perpetuation.
           | They become integrated with state sponsorship, which will
           | never allow for substantive change. For instance, in the USA
           | the general strike was a powerful tool in the arsenal of
           | workers' power and drove substantial wage gains, but
           | disrupted capital too much and as such is banned by the NLRB.
           | Since unions' scope is limited to accounting, law, and
           | mediation, they become mostly administrative organizations
           | staffed increasingly by members of the professional services
           | class. These people can never provide leadership that
           | primarily serves the working class, as their economic
           | interests diverge and they can't do anything that would
           | threaten their social good standing.
           | 
           | Argument against:
           | 
           | An economy dominated by worker co-ops is just wishful
           | thinking. We have no idea how to get from point A to B, and
           | no idea if it would even work. The limited evidence we have
           | for that kind of economic structure comes from post WW2
           | Yugoslavia and suggests it wouldn't ("they just didn't do it
           | right!" invites the question of how we do do it right).
           | Conventional unions do shift some of the capital pie to
           | workers, and we shouldn't let a very hypothetical best be the
           | enemy of the concrete good. And even if worker co-ops are the
           | ideal, any path that gets us there requires more worker
           | power, so stronger unions would be a good first step to
           | getting us to that point.
        
             | nightski wrote:
             | Nothing is stopping anyone from forming a worker coop in
             | the US. Yet few do. Have you ever considered this?
        
               | scarmig wrote:
               | 1) That was a statement of arguments about whether or not
               | a worker co-op driven economy is superior to labor
               | unions, from a pro-labor perspective. Stating an argument
               | doesn't mean endorsement of it; that's the entire point
               | of steel manning.
               | 
               | 2) To the extent I buy either argument, I don't think
               | it's subtle that my sympathies lie with the criticisms of
               | an economy of worker driven co-ops.
        
               | jtolmar wrote:
               | A highly successful worker coop leads to a bunch of
               | people with comfortable lives and steady jobs.
               | 
               | A highly successful privately owned company leads to a
               | handful of people with a ton of money and free time,
               | which they can use to found other privately owned
               | companies.
        
               | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
               | At least with startups, are most founded by affluent
               | people with free capital and time, or by those who sign a
               | deal with VC? Afaik YC founders aren't thousands of bored
               | millionaires, they're average middle class people with a
               | college degree who quit their jobs to live on their seed
               | investment for a few years, and share the spoils in the
               | end with their employees and investors if the project
               | succeeds.
               | 
               | Can you get away without initial starting capital if your
               | startup has a very low chance of success? You need
               | someone to be willing to eat the 99% risk of failure in
               | exchange for proportionally high returns.
               | 
               | I imagine the same problem is much ameliorated if you
               | were opening a pizza shop, a daycare, or a hair salon,
               | where the business is more predictable?
        
               | scruple wrote:
               | I have, yes, and I've gone as far as finding friends and
               | former colleagues who would be interested in joining me.
               | Unfortunately health insurance is tied to employment in
               | this country and we all have families. The uncertainty in
               | that regard leaves it a non-starter for people in our
               | situation. At least for the time being.
        
               | nightski wrote:
               | I'm not sure I follow on how that would stop you from
               | forming a worker co-op. Almost all businesses who have
               | full time employees pay for health insurance. Are you
               | implying a co-op would make less revenue and therefore
               | could not provide its employees insurance?
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | Also, in favor of point b, both can coexist, the same way
             | that TV did not entirely eliminate the radio.
        
           | edent wrote:
           | The traditional view is that "The workers control the means
           | of production".
           | 
           | Suppose you built a successful small company but, suddenly,
           | every employee quit at once. Could your business carry on the
           | next day? Could it survive until you hired and trained
           | replacements?
           | 
           | If the answer is "no" then you have made the case that
           | employees both deserve to share in the business's success and
           | will probably be incentivised by co-owning the company.
           | 
           | Does the janitor deserve as much of the profits as the CTO?
           | Well, what premium do you put on your other employees not
           | getting sick, or injuring themselves?
           | 
           | (Wasn't there a case where a Google chef made a fortune from
           | stocks? Much to the chagrin of some?)
           | 
           | The opposite argument is that those who risk capital are the
           | only ones who deserve the reward. Without investment, a
           | company can't launch or grow. Workers are an operational cost
           | - they are paid for labour and no more deserving of reward
           | than the electricity company. Both provide a service but
           | neither takes a risk.
        
             | nec4b wrote:
             | Can you build a house without a carpenter? If not, is he
             | entitled to a part of your house even though you paid him
             | to build it?
        
               | edent wrote:
               | I would say that, yes, a carpenter is entitled to a share
               | of the profits. They used their labour to build something
               | which appreciates in value.
               | 
               | Traditionally, it has been too hard to track fractional
               | ownership of an asset and calculate a share of profits.
               | And most workers prefer cash up front rather than waiting
               | for a payday which might not materialise for decades.
               | 
               | I'm not going to go full blockchain/NFT on this idea. But
               | it is easy to see how in the future a long-lived guild of
               | tradespeople could build your house at a discounted price
               | _now_ in return for a share of the sale profits in the
               | future.
               | 
               | I don't know if that's a good or bad thing though.
        
               | nec4b wrote:
               | And if the house depreciates, should the carpenter then
               | help him with the mortgage payments?
        
               | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
               | Could you make the argument that the carpenter should be
               | given the option to be paid in equity or in cash, if both
               | parties agree to it? Is there any argument against giving
               | people the option to choose the sort of compensation risk
               | profile that works best for their individual situation?
        
               | slowmovintarget wrote:
               | No. The carpenter is entitled to pay for his work.
               | 
               | He's not entitled to additional value the recipient of
               | the work may or may not get from him completing the job,
               | unless he negotiates that up front. It seems likely that
               | no one in their right mind would agree to pay the
               | carpenter profit sharing for every transaction that may
               | occur from that building. They'd find another carpenter.
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | This is a silly question, so silly in fact that I suspect
               | it is only intended as reductio ad absurdum (which can be
               | a fallacy if based on a false or inadequate premise).
               | 
               | A carpenter is entitled to the fruits of their labor,
               | which can adequately be provided with money.
        
               | nec4b wrote:
               | >> This is a silly question, so silly in fact that I
               | suspect it is only intended as reductio ad absurdum
               | (which can be a fallacy if based on a false or inadequate
               | premise).
               | 
               | I commend you for knowing logical fallacies. Though it
               | would be even better if you were able to demonstrate
               | those fallacies instead appealing to your own authority.
               | 
               | >> A carpenter is entitled to the fruits of their labor,
               | which can adequately be provided with money.
               | 
               | I agree. Unfortunately, some people here claim developers
               | working for google are entitled to their share of
               | google's profits and carpenters working for said
               | developers are not entitled to a share of profits from
               | what those developers earn.
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | There are plenty of examples of Reductio ad absurdum
               | being a fallacy because of a false or inadequate premise.
               | Zeno's paradox[1] being a famous one. The false premise
               | being that you can actually add infinite number of times
               | (modern mathematics take the limit as n approaches
               | infinity).
               | 
               | Here the prime candidate for the premise being wrong is
               | to equate the work of carpenter working in their own
               | enterprise at a project, to that of a google worker,
               | working at Google's enterprise for any project their
               | management tells them to.
               | 
               | The former gets the fruit of their labor in full when the
               | job is finished and paid for, the latter is suffering
               | from a systematic exploitation as each time the stock
               | goes up in price (or when dividends are issued) the
               | shareholders get the fruits of the worker's labor, as
               | opposed to the workers them selves.
               | 
               | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno%27s_paradoxes
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | In most cases, they do co-own the company, through stock
             | and options grants. Particularly so for the early employees
             | who are not replaceable.
             | 
             | At Google's scale, everyone is replaceable, including Jeff
             | Dean, Sundar Pichai, and everyone else who you think is
             | "instrumental."
        
               | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
               | I imagine the steelman version of the argument here is:
               | yes, they do own part of the company, that portion of
               | upside and control is so minuscule that it's almost
               | insignificant. And thus we're back to needing unions to
               | advocating on behalf of workers so that they get to own a
               | bigger slice of the pie.
        
             | slowmovintarget wrote:
             | That's the traditional Marxist view. It is not the
             | traditional view.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | Neither view will do.
             | 
             | The company can't succeed without the workers. The company
             | _also_ can 't succeed without capital. _Both_ deserve to
             | get a cut of the rewards.
        
               | edent wrote:
               | Exactly.
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | This neglects the reality that loans exist. In an ideal
               | leftist world your local credit union redistributes
               | wealth by collecting pepole's savings from the community
               | and hands them out as loans for slightly higher interest
               | rate. That interest rate is the "cut" of the rewards. If
               | an enterprise goes bankrupt and is unable to pay back the
               | loan, there is usually some kind of insurance the credit
               | union has to prevent going under with it.
        
           | runarberg wrote:
           | This is a really good question, and there isn't a clear
           | answer. I'm only answering this from the left point of view
           | though, so take it with a pinch of salt.
           | 
           | Traditional labor theory can make arguments for both, if you
           | put in most of the work, then you deserve most of the
           | benefits. However the case for equal pay is also solid,
           | especially if the fruits of labor are abundant. How much does
           | 5 million give you that 1 million doesn't, and why shouldn't
           | you settle for 1 million if it means everyone would get more?
           | 
           | But from a leftist perspective there is a fault in the
           | question (but it is still a good question). Namely that you
           | _sell_ the business. In an ideal left world, you wouldn't do
           | that. The business belongs to the workers. If the workers can
           | all form a consensus that it is time to leave the business
           | and sell it to another set of workers--those that leave will
           | be bought out basically--then this is a valid scenario.
           | However if under a new leadership, some workers are receiving
           | more benefits then others, then that is exploitation. I would
           | say actually that the new leadership is exploiting their
           | previous workforce by spending the money the workers created
           | by buying a new business without their consent.
           | 
           | So in short, you as the founder of the business that was
           | bought, are enabling exploitation by selling it to a larger
           | organization (unless you sell it to a worker owned and
           | operated business).
        
         | michaelchisari wrote:
         | | _Why did I deserve to make more money than a teacher or a
         | nurse?_
         | 
         | My tech salary, adjusted for inflation, is almost exactly what
         | my RN mother was making when she was my age.
         | 
         | Maybe our salaries aren't that extraordinary, they're just the
         | only ones that have kept up with inflation.
         | 
         | Don't feel guilty about a tech salary, feel angry others been
         | left behind.
        
           | black_13 wrote:
        
           | subpixel wrote:
           | Only a hundred years ago, a bunch of immigrants from places
           | like Germany or Spain or Italy could arrive in New England
           | (including New York City), perform manual labor, provide for
           | their families on one income, and pool their additional money
           | to _build whole buildings_ as social or fraternal clubs.
           | 
           | That really puts things into perspective for me.
        
             | Aunche wrote:
             | That has more to do with the cost of building than a lack
             | of pay. When you don't account for higher education,
             | buildings, and healthcare, Americans are significantly
             | richer than they were in the past. The problem is that
             | politicians don't bother to address the underlying perverse
             | incentives that are the root causes of these rising costs.
             | They can win elections just fine by throwing money at the
             | symptoms, even though they cause even more long-term pain.
             | Until these root causes are addressed, most of the money
             | squeezed from employers is simply going to go to the rent
             | seekers in areas. The most clear example of this is tech
             | salaries going to Bay Area landlords.
        
             | todd8 wrote:
             | I grew up in the 1950s and 1960s in Detroit. It was a place
             | where a high school diploma could get you a secure job that
             | would support a middle class family. It's all changed and
             | Detroit is now half the size it once was while cities like
             | Houston and Austin have grown tremendously.
             | 
             | Why did that happen? Did corrupt unions kill the goose that
             | laid the golden eggs? Or was it poor management of the
             | automotive giants that allowed overseas companies to take
             | market share. Did wages across the board fall behind
             | inflation or was the automotive fundamentally changed by
             | automation.
             | 
             | I wish I understood what happened since I actually lived
             | through that period.
        
               | scarmig wrote:
               | My sense is that German automotive companies dealt with
               | Japanese competition better than American ones did,
               | though I'd love for someone who knows about the history
               | of the industry to chime in. Germany had strong unions
               | and was a market leader then, similar to the US, so it
               | suggests something was wrong with American automakers,
               | labor unions, or the American government that led to the
               | disaster.
               | 
               | I wonder if Germany was more aggressive with tariffs to
               | protect automakers from competition.
        
               | Aunche wrote:
               | > I wonder if Germany was more aggressive with tariffs to
               | protect automakers from competition.
               | 
               | It's somewhat the opposite actually. Germany taxes
               | imported cars, but at least it still allows them. At the
               | behest of automakers and unions, the US banned imported
               | cars entirely in 1988. This allowed American automakers
               | to profit despite stagnating. It wasn't until foreign
               | subsidiaries started capturing market share from the US
               | that American automakers were forced to innovate again.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | "provide for their families" was also a much lower standard
             | than it is now. Back then having a good life (for
             | immigrants at least) didn't mean a large house in the
             | suburbs and 3 cars, it meant an entire family of 5 sharing
             | 1 bedroom and walking everywhere. A pair of jeans was a
             | multi generational investment. If your family could afford
             | one bicycle, you were living large.
             | 
             | This was unimaginable wealth compared to what was available
             | back home. You had all 3 meals and even meat! Meat! The
             | luxury.
             | 
             | sauce: I'm from one of those European countries where 1 in
             | 6 people emmigrated between 1880 and 1920. Literature from
             | the time (that we read in school) contrasts the local
             | situation with the riches of America as reported by people
             | who sent letters.
        
               | themitigating wrote:
               | The quality of living a family in the suburbs has today
               | is like what a rich person a hundred years ago would
               | have.
               | 
               | I see people with houses, multiple brand new cars, TVs in
               | every room, and who take a vacation at least once a year
               | complain about the economy their entire life.
        
               | black_13 wrote:
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | Not even close. That rich person had servants, could go
               | on lengthy vacations, etc. and most likely they had
               | substantial passive income.
               | 
               | The key thing to understand is the difference in how
               | precarious those situations are: that affluent
               | suburbanite has some shiny things but their cash flow is
               | much higher than their wealth. A TV in every room is a
               | rounding error on the $11k/year each of those new cars
               | costs on average, and over the course of someone's
               | working life that kind of thing makes a huge difference
               | in net worth.
               | 
               | The American healthcare system factors into this
               | significantly: if your income depends on showing up to
               | work daily, all of that can go away with a single health
               | incident which leaves you unable to work. A truly rich
               | person is considerably more likely to be able to ride
               | something like that out.
               | 
               | Similarly, retirement is a source of stress for many
               | Americans. Having given mortgage processors and car
               | companies millions of dollars over your life won't help
               | you much then.
        
               | RhysU wrote:
               | > if your income depends on showing up to work daily, all
               | of that can go away with a single health incident which
               | leaves you unable to work.
               | 
               | Yes, but there are long-term disability insurance
               | policies available for purchase that largely remove that
               | risk. It's a cost, of course.
               | 
               | And, at least in the US, there are public programs that
               | provide disability coverage already figured into one's
               | taxes: https://www.ssa.gov/ssi/
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | Which somewhat reduce that risk. People on SSI are
               | usually struggling, not affluent, and actually getting
               | those benefits can be a struggle for people with
               | conditions less clear cut than, say, losing limbs.
               | 
               | I'm not saying they're not worth having but again that
               | there's a big gap between someone being rich and a
               | middle-class worker with decent active income.
        
               | RhysU wrote:
               | Definitely, the SSI application process can be onerous.
               | It is meant for people who can do no job not just their
               | pre-incident job.
               | 
               | Definitely, SSI is not a full-time job income. That's why
               | a worker with decent active income should look into
               | private, long-term disability insurance.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | The rich people of the past had no internet, cars, air
               | travel, or much health care by modern standards. The
               | average 2022 American is _vastly_ better off materially.
               | 
               | What they _had_ was social status, and I think that 's
               | more what you're talking about. Social status _is_
               | incredibly important for humans, so I understand focusing
               | on it. But since it 's pretty much a Zero Sum Game,
               | nothing much changes there.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | Commercial aviation was just getting started, yes, But a
               | rich person in 1922 had luxury rail travel, boats, cars,
               | horses, etc. Most importantly, they had time: air travel
               | is important for most of us because having a paltry
               | couple weeks per year means people try to do things like
               | weekend trips which couldn't otherwise work. If you're
               | truly rich, you have a lot more margin for having other
               | people do the unpleasant trips for you or adjusting
               | schedules to suit your comfort.
               | 
               | Health care is the biggest differential - wealth can buy
               | you out of a lot of lifestyle factors but a hundred years
               | ago was just before the dawn of the antibiotic
               | revolution. That part is true, but it isn't a factor of
               | rising incomes and given how many Americans have stress,
               | lower quality of life, and experience severe financial
               | strain due to healthcare costs I don't think it's
               | attributable to higher incomes.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Minor quibble: they would've had cars 100 years ago. Bad
               | ones, but they would've had them.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | _> The rich people of the past had no internet, cars, air
               | travel, or much health care by modern standards. The
               | average 2022 American is vastly better off materially._
               | 
               | No, while rich people in the past had no iPhones or
               | internet, they had something far more valuable than that:
               | income generating businesses and appreciable assets like
               | land, housing, gold, fine art, jewelery, etc.
               | 
               | And no, the average American is vastly poorer now as
               | housing, stable well paying jobs, healthcare and
               | education, are now massively out of reach for the average
               | joe than they were a few decades ago. Having iPhones and
               | internet doesn't make up for these.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Most, myself included, have a very limited understanding
               | of the economy we are part of, so I'm not surprised by
               | complaints. Every so often, someone making 2 or 3 times
               | the national average income makes an ass of themselves on
               | TV by claiming they're economically disadvantaged.
               | 
               | In some senses, you don't even have to go to the suburbs
               | to be unimaginably better off now than it was possible to
               | be a century ago, because a century it was _not possible_
               | , at any price, to make a weekend trip between New York
               | and London; to be immune to the common forms of seasonal
               | flu; to have a video call with someone; to get
               | penicillin; 3D printers, and indeed all CNC machines more
               | complicated than a loom controlled by punched cards,
               | would've been fantasy; and so much more besides.
               | 
               | TVs are cheap now. So are 3D printers, travel, and
               | phones.
        
               | RhysU wrote:
               | > Every so often, someone making 2 or 3 times the
               | national average income makes an ass of themselves on TV
               | by claiming they're economically disadvantaged.
               | 
               | Someone making 3X the US national median income is paying
               | roughly the US national median income in
               | federal/state/local taxes. They're paying a median
               | working citizens' earnings in taxes.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | _> TVs are cheap now. So are 3D printers, travel, and
               | phones._
               | 
               | Being able to own disposable gadgets made in China
               | doesn't make you rich. Those are not necessities. But you
               | now what is? Housing, stable well paying jobs, healthcare
               | and education , all of which are now massively out of
               | reach for the average joe than they were a few decades
               | ago.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | And a century ago? Because that's what this sub-thread is
               | focusing on.
               | 
               | And, like I said, much of what we now consider basic
               | healthcare _had not yet been invented_.
               | 
               | And even in the last decades, those cheap Chinese gadgets
               | you're so dismissive of, they give access for free to not
               | just k-12 but also university and post-graduate level
               | educational courses and materials on topics which had not
               | been invented then either.
               | 
               | And the tech also lets more work remotely, changing the
               | dynamics on housing.
        
               | TaylorAlexander wrote:
               | The fact that some people don't know how well they have
               | it is not evidence that everything is fine.
               | 
               | Watch a few news reports on poverty in America and you
               | will see that a decent percentage of working adults live
               | with their entire family in a small cramped apartment,
               | can't afford any vacation, and likely can't afford
               | emergency medical care if it comes up.
               | 
               | And even those people in the suburbs with all those TVs
               | could have more financial security and work fewer hours
               | if our economy was more fairly arranged.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | They didn't say "everything is fine". There's a lot wrong
               | with everyone's economy from the perspective of "we work
               | just as hard, why don't we get the same stuff?"
               | 
               | However, I think you're misapprehending quite how much
               | worse things were a century ago. Now the poor may
               | struggle to afford a PET/CT/MRI/ultrasound scan, or a PCR
               | test, or a dose of antibiotics, or a heart (lung, liver,
               | kidney, bladder, pancreas, ovary, ...) transplant, but
               | 100 years ago _they did not exist_. Diabetes only stopped
               | being lethal just over 100 years ago, the first
               | successful human treatment in the beginning of 1922.
               | Smallpox no longer exists. And so on.
        
               | TaylorAlexander wrote:
               | No I'm not misapprehending how much worse things were a
               | century ago. I simply believe that argument has no
               | bearing on the discussion of a fair distribution of
               | wealth in todays society. No one today lives 100 years
               | ago as a matter of simple fact. Yes, we have antibiotics
               | now, and that's great, but that has nothing to do with
               | the fact that workers are producing vast amounts of
               | wealth and receiving very little of that wealth as
               | remuneration. We have cars today that make certain kinds
               | of transportation easier, but that has nothing to do with
               | a lack of maternity and paternity leave for new parents.
               | We have cell phones so we can now talk to anyone in the
               | world but that has nothing to do with the fact that
               | business owners will selfishly decide to ship 1000 jobs
               | overseas with no input from the workers who will be
               | disenfranchised.
               | 
               | I'm talking about unfair power imbalances today. This has
               | nothing to do with the past.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ebiester wrote:
               | The whole point of civilization is that generation to
               | generation, our standards of living _should_ increase.
               | 
               | Instead, they are regressing. If we are comparing to 100
               | years ago, we sure should have been doing better! If we
               | compare to 50 years ago, there are some key ways where we
               | have regressed within the United States.
               | 
               | The key here is that when we are speaking of standards of
               | living, we are speaking within some narrow contexts. In
               | the developing world, standards have blossomed. Within
               | the United States, the GDP has continued to grow but the
               | value hasn't spread equally.
               | 
               | I can say that in the lower 50% of people in the US, the
               | standard of living has markedly decreased. For 50-80%,
               | it's mildly increased. For the top 20%, it's doing just
               | fine, but it's never been a better time to be wealthy as
               | the pathway for compounding growth on wealth has never
               | had so many tools.
        
               | klipt wrote:
               | Being able to "walk everywhere" is itself a kind of
               | luxury nowadays, because there are limited walkable
               | cities in the US and they have all become very expensive.
               | 
               | It's often actually much cheaper to live somewhere in the
               | suburbs where you _can 't_ walk everywhere, because
               | everything is designed around cars.
        
               | KevinGlass wrote:
               | The fact that everything is designed around cars is one
               | of the invisible nooses around the neck of America. When
               | you look around and notice that everything is covered in
               | cars, that's hard to unnotice. All those cars, roads,
               | parking lots, highways, box stores, mile of sewer and
               | water pipe, cost a staggering amount and are going to
               | start costing a lot more to maintain over the next decade
               | as systems age out and need replacement or maintenance.
               | Not to mention the cost of demolishing the country we
               | spend the previous 300 years constructing. The vampiric
               | system of automobilism has made everything much more
               | expensive for everyone.
               | 
               | Living in a semi-crowded city, near your family and
               | friends, should be the default, cheap option. Instead
               | we've wasted about 10 trillion dollars pave the entire
               | continent. Possibly the most expensive mistake ever made
               | in history.
        
               | geraldwhen wrote:
               | Nobody wants to live in apartments. Maybe 20-something's
               | with no prospect of family, but that's it.
        
               | rexpop wrote:
               | The post to which you're responding said nothing about
               | apartments. Do you mind connecting a few dots for those
               | of us less well-versed in the presumptions of your
               | milieu?
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | The post didn't explicitly say "apartment", but it said:
               | 
               | > Living in a semi-crowded city, near your family and
               | friends, should be the default, cheap option.
               | 
               | What kind of dwelling, apart from apartments, are there
               | in a "semi-crowded city"? They may not be high-rises, but
               | even if it's a "multi-family house", it's still
               | "apartments". There's only a (usually thin) wall
               | separating your room from your neighbor's. This is one of
               | the main aspects people typically hate about apartments.
        
               | PhasmaFelis wrote:
               | Apartments are fine as long as they're _good_ apartments.
               | Properly-built concrete walls completely mitigate the
               | sound problem you mentioned below. In four years at my
               | current place, I 've never heard a neighbor's voice from
               | inside my apartment.
               | 
               | Shitty slumlord apartments are what everyone wants to
               | escape from, in my experience.
        
               | rexpop wrote:
               | It disturbs me that your comment is "greyed out,"
               | whatever that means: you're speaking an obvious truth.
               | The car-scale of American infrastructure is an impediment
               | to physical health; it's an impediment to social capital,
               | and therefore to democracy and to mental health, as well.
               | It funnels us down restricted, commercial avenues--pun
               | intended. It's physically dangerous, it's chemically
               | toxic, it's ecologically destructive, and it's damned
               | expensive to maintain!
               | 
               | It's _obvious_ when I visit a city  / countryside with
               | poor transit and pedestrian infrastructure how much more
               | I suffer. It's so damned obvious, it's the first thing
               | that screams out to me right when I land / pull in / ride
               | up.
               | 
               | I can't understand what literate person would take issue
               | with the core of your assertions.
        
               | acchow wrote:
               | Funny enough, having everything being designed around
               | cars is actually more expensive for society on the whole.
               | Walkable cities everywhere would actually be cheaper, and
               | then it also wouldn't be a luxury.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | Not only inflation but with debt.
           | 
           | You can do extremely well with just a Bachelor's in CS.
           | Professions like nursing, medicine, law, even business have
           | had their earning potential sapped by larger and larger costs
           | of education. And degrees past Bachelor's are less well
           | supported by financial aid schemes.
        
             | 33955985 wrote:
             | If there is one "tech disruption" I hope actually sticks is
             | the death of credentialism and the rise of proof of ability
             | by doing. I have only a bachelor's in a liberal art(!) and
             | working in tech has opened up so many doors for me, in
             | teams where nobody cared where I went to school and my lack
             | of a master's was met with curious shrugs.
        
           | mkmk3 wrote:
           | Why is sibling black_'s comment dead when they just provided
           | an anecdote backing the parent comment? Or is the 1% talk
           | controversial here?
        
             | scruple wrote:
             | That user is shadow banned.
        
         | whiddershins wrote:
         | This is an intrinsically Marxist framing.
         | 
         | Even if inequality is rising, so is wealth overall. That's what
         | Marx misestimated, although it wasn't his most grievous error.
         | 
         | Poor people in the United States are far richer than rich
         | people of 150 years ago.
         | 
         | I am personally willing to accept the he existence of some
         | billionaires if that's the price we pay for all this wonderful
         | ness.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | > Poor people in the United States are far richer than rich
           | people of 150 years ago.
           | 
           | There is no material improvement in wealth over the past 20
           | years, but inequality has grown.
           | 
           | Wealth is produced by innovation, and greater concentratuon
           | of wealth will lead to less innovation.
        
           | ResearchCode wrote:
           | Compare to 30 years ago instead. Wealth in terms of being
           | able to buy property is decreasing in many countries, which
           | can be more significant than any increased ability to buy
           | consumer gadgets (that will spy on you). And the countries
           | with less wealth inequality don't in principle have less
           | wealthy common people.
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | On one hand, as long as your political opinions align with
           | those of the ultra-wealthy then the inequality shouldn't
           | bother you.
           | 
           | On the other, high inequality is socially unstable because
           | that is not generally the case.
        
           | scarmig wrote:
           | Marx didn't predict that capitalism wouldn't generate wealth.
           | On the contrary, he believed it was the most economically
           | revolutionary structure the world had yet devised and would
           | create untold wealth. That's entirely consistent with the
           | world we see.
           | 
           | To be very specific, where he fell short was predicting a
           | secular decline in the rate of profit. This wasn't a crazy
           | error--most early economists also believed it--but it was
           | very wrong, and his analysis of the failure of capitalism
           | rests on that false premise.
        
             | Der_Einzige wrote:
             | He's referring to marx belief in the "tendency for the rate
             | of profit to fall" which is literally objectively wrong and
             | the opposite of it is accepted within economics.
             | 
             | This is the accepted explanation, which implies that the
             | rate of profit _rises_ over time
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okishio%27s_theorem
             | 
             | Btw, marx predicted that capitalism is inevitably destroyed
             | due to tendency for the rate of profit to fall. I believe
             | capitalism is the strongest that it's ever been right now.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | scarmig wrote:
               | I'd emphasize not only that there have been advances in
               | theory but also in, more importantly, the empirical
               | evidence. Marxism is a scientific theory in the sense
               | that it can be falsified, and if you look at the rate of
               | profit over time in most countries and periods, the
               | evidence very strongly falsifies Marxism. Even if someone
               | refuted Okishio, Marxism makes predictions about
               | capitalist economics that simply aren't consistent with
               | the world we see.
        
         | quags wrote:
         | For your three examples getting early into theses stocks, say
         | stock compensation, or employee stock purchases would have
         | produced outsized returns up until a few months ago. Much of
         | the wealth is not from salary and simply stock compensation.
         | Musk/bezos/zuck became billionaires on stock price alone. Early
         | employees at these companies became millionaires many times
         | over. But this is backwards looking and a survivor ship bias -
         | for every one of these companies there companies who didn't
         | make it big , or value went to zero.
        
         | nec4b wrote:
         | >> Why did I deserve to make more money than a teacher or a
         | nurse?
         | 
         | You should ask your clients or employers.
        
         | Aunche wrote:
         | >when our industry is producing oligarchs like Musk,
         | Zuckerberg, Bezos, it means that they are profiting from the
         | things that tech workers produce
         | 
         | The workers that built the foundations of these companies
         | received stock options or RSUs over a decade ago and reached
         | FATFIRE territory as well. Had they unionized, the companies
         | they worked for wouldn't be able to reinvest as much money into
         | growth, which would be compounded by a lack of external
         | investors. In that case, they would lose to an unionized
         | competitor.
        
         | RickJWagner wrote:
         | Why pick on those 'oligarchs'?
         | 
         | How about the Media moguls? A pretty good argument can be made
         | that media oligarchs produce less value, but they dominate
         | financial and political circles.
        
         | moneywoes wrote:
         | My worry is bringing unions in the US tech industry will just
         | accelerate off shoring especially with super fast growing
         | companies like Deel
         | 
         | What are your thoughts?
        
           | scruple wrote:
           | Outsourcing technical work comes in waves. I've seen it up-
           | close-and-personal 3 times. It's worked once and the magic
           | that went into making it work (one of the founders moved back
           | to his home country and started a consultancy that was
           | contracted by the original business) in that specific
           | instance isn't something that is easily replicated.
        
           | devmor wrote:
           | With the price of tech labor in places like Pakistan and
           | India on the rise, that won't be sustainable for long.
        
         | surement wrote:
         | > Why did I deserve to make more money than a teacher or a
         | nurse?
         | 
         | prices are largely based on supply and demand, not some vague
         | notion of "deserve"
        
           | jessehattabaugh wrote:
           | > prices are largely based on supply and demand
           | 
           | Then we'd better unionize before AI starts doing all the easy
           | stuff
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | How would unionizing prevent you from being replaced by a
             | machine? Striking isn't a threat when you not being there
             | is what the company is going for anyway.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Automation is not instant, and if the clock is between
               | "implement AI correctly to automate the work" and "run
               | out of money because you have no workers" a strike is
               | still effective.
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | Preserving inefficiencies for the sake of extracting money
             | is called rent seeking.
        
           | cycomanic wrote:
           | If they would be based on supply and demand shouldn't nurses
           | salaries gone through the roof recently? In every country I
           | read the news shortage of nurses (and teachers to a lesser
           | degree) is a huge topic and many places are badly
           | understaffed. So why did their salaries not increase
           | dramtically?
        
             | willcipriano wrote:
             | They did, in the US at least[0]. Just not for the saps who
             | signaled any sort of loyalty to the company, those people
             | got hosed. Nurses need to adopt the "f you pay me" attitude
             | the hospital administration has, doing things like working
             | without protective gear is a great way to tell your boss
             | that you will accept anything he does to you.
             | 
             | [0]https://khn.org/news/highly-paid-traveling-nurses-fill-
             | staff...
        
         | themitigating wrote:
         | As opposed to John Deere or Exxon?
        
       | rejectfinite wrote:
       | Lots of American cope in this thread.
       | 
       | Read this. This is a Swedish general office worker union. Yes
       | even IT
       | 
       | https://www.unionen.se/in-english/this-is-unionen
        
       | Buttons840 wrote:
       | As unions grow they begin to resemble that which they were meant
       | to counter-balance. I've wondered, if a subgroup of union members
       | are unhappy, can they organize? Can they form a union within the
       | union?
       | 
       | For example, if my workplace has an exclusive contract with one
       | union, and me and my coworkers (who are all union members) don't
       | believe the union is representing us, can we organize to take
       | collective action against both the union and our actual employer?
       | 
       | I known little about unions, so feel free to explain the basics
       | if you need.
        
       | wendyshu wrote:
       | "The Economic Policy Institute is a 501 non-profit American,
       | left-leaning think tank based in Washington, D.C."
        
       | Zeyka wrote:
       | I will never understand how some working class Americans can be
       | against unions, maybe they just see themselves as embarrassed
       | millionaires that would want to crush their workers to squeeze
       | money out of them? It's probably my European brain, but I cannot
       | understand how someone, say Jerry, 60 year old factory worker
       | from idaho, can be against unions...
        
         | JasonFruit wrote:
         | In my experience, what they oppose isn't unions as such, but
         | _compulsory_ union membership. They consider that a union
         | should arise from the expression of worker needs, and a union
         | that they are forced to join and that exists whether they want
         | it or not might lack incentives to represent their needs
         | instead of the needs of the union. It 's kind of like the
         | saying about organizations in general: eventually they come to
         | serve the needs of the organization instead of the purpose for
         | which they were originally created.
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | That's been my experience as well. It's pure reactance
           | psychology. From the first paragraph of the wiki page
           | 
           | > Reactance is an unpleasant motivational reaction to offers,
           | persons, rules, or regulations that threaten or eliminate
           | specific behavioral freedoms. Reactance occurs when an
           | individual feels that an agent is attempting to limit one's
           | choice of response and/or range of alternatives.
           | 
           | When I think about the people who I know who are anti-union,
           | they all have high reactance as a trait. If I were to try to
           | change their mind, it would be to frame their non-union
           | environment as more freedom-limiting than the unions
           | alternative re: workplace democracy etc.
        
             | JasonFruit wrote:
             | You say "loves freedom" like it's a bad thing.
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | "Loves freedom" isn't as clear of a maximum of utility as
               | it's sometimes made out to be. Again, the association
               | with those of high reactance strong.
               | 
               | I'm fully aware that there will be attempts to naturalize
               | "freedom loving." That's the interesting thing about
               | psychology and I suppose in this case sociology,
               | particulars are often universalized into a neurosis. It's
               | funny how this pattern holds.
        
               | JasonFruit wrote:
               | Let me put it in a less-fun way: "high reactance" is in
               | this context just another way of saying "values freedom".
               | Describing it using a wording that expresses
               | psychologically-educated disapproval verbally
               | pathologizes that preference, but it doesn't constitute a
               | _supported_ value judgment. In neither of your comments
               | have you offered any support, so just like my  "loves
               | freedom", it remains an empty weasel-word.
        
             | i_am_toaster wrote:
             | The lack of empathy and unfavorable labeling of opinions
             | that differ from your own is not something you should get
             | in the habit of.
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | Rather, it is precisely an empathic explanation. It
               | attempts to find an underlying basis for such an opinion
               | rather than writing it off as unfounded. People with high
               | reactance have an emotional response when compelled to
               | action and this emotional response is what I'm
               | empathizing with.
               | 
               | Any reading of my response as judgemental is a perversion
               | of intention and I'd encourage anyone doing so to get
               | curious and assume positive intent rather than reading it
               | with malicious subtext. Something is only pathological if
               | it negatively impacts someone's life.
        
           | Zeyka wrote:
           | I think that's fair enough, but it's not like workers in the
           | USA have a lot of protections or are getting fairly
           | compensated for their work. So unions, whether compulsory or
           | not, still benefit them in one way or another.
        
             | dantheman wrote:
             | I mean Americans are paid far more highly than Europeans,
             | so I don't see how this is correct.
        
               | mftrhu wrote:
               | Are they, _really?_
               | 
               | How did they end up not having enough cash on hand to
               | cover minor emergencies, then? How are they going
               | bankrupt over healthcare costs - even when insured
               | through their job - while having to worry about not being
               | able to take a day off?
        
               | Zeyka wrote:
               | Only highly skilled workers are paid more. Compare fast
               | food workers and you'll see what I'm talking about.
        
             | nverno wrote:
             | This isn't just uniformly true, though. As a worker you may
             | be better off without the union you're a part of- it
             | depends as much on the union as the company.
        
           | nverno wrote:
           | > compulsory union membership
           | 
           | Yea, it can be frustrating be barred from jobs, like
           | construction, being a non-member, or being forced to pay
           | union dues to a union you feel is doing nothing for you.
           | 
           | Small, company-sized unions have always been a lot more
           | appealing to me than the huge behemoths the US currently has.
        
             | swearwolf wrote:
             | When I was younger, I worked in the theater industry. We
             | all knew that the IATSE stage hands were making great
             | wages, but the options we had to join were:
             | 
             | 1.) A grueling apprenticeship period in which you would
             | work very long hours for very little pay. I could be wrong
             | but I think this was a several year long process.
             | 
             | 2.) You could skip that process if you were vouched for by
             | an existing union member. In practice, this often meant
             | that membership was passed down through families.
             | 
             | I understand that it's similar for firefighters.
        
             | omnibrain wrote:
             | I think that's part of the problem. In germany for example,
             | we have Unions and we have working councils in the
             | companies. And while unions are "just" associations/clubs
             | working councils are are regulated by laws and get elected
             | by the workers of the company. Of course there is some
             | realtionship, but it is not unheard of, that in a working
             | council are members from more than one union (though
             | usually only one has negotiating powers for tariffs, but
             | that's another topic, because usually unions negotiate with
             | associations of companies for the whole sector. And those
             | unions without negotiating power are sometimes not even
             | considered real unions...), and even independent members.
        
         | defphysics wrote:
         | > see themselves as embarrassed millionaires
         | 
         | I see this "embarrassed millionaires" line a lot. It seems
         | unbelievably cynical. Do you really think a meaningful fraction
         | of workers are thinking "I'll oppose unions because even though
         | I'm hurting workers, it'll be good for me when I'm rich"?
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | It's rarely a specific and conscious line of thought during
           | the decision-making process. The more common case is making
           | the working class _feel_ like they 're "just like" the
           | wealthy--playing on the narrative that "anyone can get rich
           | in America"--and then selling them on policies that actively
           | work against their own interests, and for the interests of
           | the wealthy. This step often looks like talking about things
           | that would primarily affect the very wealthy as if they would
           | hurt everyone. Things like "taxation is theft", "increasing
           | taxes punishes success", "government small enough to drown in
           | a bathtub", etc.
        
         | slater- wrote:
         | as we say in america when someone is right about something, "i
         | think you just hit the nail on the head."
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | > I will never understand how some working class Americans can
         | be against unions
         | 
         | It seems as though decades of corporate puppets have done a
         | wonderful job of convincing the blue-collar worker that unions
         | are corrupt and exist solely to milk worker's dues.
         | 
         | I don't understand it either.
        
         | thepasswordis wrote:
         | Because some people take pride in their work, and being
         | essentially forced to do a bad job hurts them psychologically.
         | 
         | I want to get up early, set big goals, work hard on them, and
         | then see the fruits of that hard work. I take immense pride in
         | that, and seeing the output in some sense _is_ a big part of
         | the payment.
         | 
         | Unions don't allow for this attitude, at least none of the ones
         | that I have ever interacted with. They're not pro worker,
         | they're anti work. These people seem to believe that work is
         | bad for workers.
         | 
         | So some people don't like unions. I don't like unions.
        
           | Devasta wrote:
           | > I want to get up early, set big goals, work hard on them,
           | and then see the fruits of that hard work.
           | 
           | You might see the fruits of your hard work, but it's your
           | boss who reaps them.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | Hypothesis #1: European unions aren't like American unions in
           | this way: they are far less oppositional to the objectives of
           | the companies.
           | 
           | Hypothesis #2: This is a result of European unions having an
           | origin as trade guilds whereas American unions have an origin
           | as political organizers.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | As a Swede who emigrated to the US:
             | 
             | # 1: Swedish unions are very different from US ones. They
             | understand their companies and the country needs to be
             | competitive on the world market. I have my problems with
             | their power and policies, but they're _vastly_ better for
             | society than the US version.
             | 
             | # 2: The Swedish unions _formed_ the Social Democratic
             | party, that 's been the main political power center of the
             | country for a century. Don't know what relations they may
             | have had with guilds in the 1800s.
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | European unions have their roots in revolutionary
             | communism. They then evolved towards social democracy,
             | which is effectively a compromise between socialism and
             | capitalism. This social compromise, where the unions
             | accepted market economy and private property and the
             | employers accepted moderate unions, made the unions what
             | they are today.
             | 
             | American unions evolved in another direction. Because there
             | was no serious risk of a communist revolution, the
             | employers had no need to comromise. Both the employers and
             | the unions remain more confrontational than in Europe.
        
           | softfalcon wrote:
           | I find this is true for some unions but not all.
           | 
           | We have a union at my company and it's for our creative
           | writing and video production folks. We're in the media space.
           | These are some of the most effective and driven people I've
           | met or had the privilege of working for.
           | 
           | People being lazy (or not) and wanting to do a good job (or
           | not) is mutually exclusive of whether they are in a union (or
           | not).
           | 
           | I do see why you would think this. Many media outlets and
           | corporations spend lots of time making sure everyone thinks
           | unions are just for lazy people. That's not true, but after
           | decades, many people think this now.
        
           | ljw1001 wrote:
           | I think your characterization of unions is a propaganda
           | driven falsehood, and your argument ignores the fact that
           | Most people see less and less of the fruits of their labor.
        
             | thepasswordis wrote:
        
               | awinder wrote:
               | You're:
               | 
               | 1. Not actually detailing your life experience
               | 
               | 2. Repeating tropes and stawmanning arguments that others
               | aren't making
               | 
               | 3. Framing people you don't agree with as "PMC people",
               | i.e. you're not engaging with their arguments
               | 
               | Your final sentence applies in spades to how you're
               | arguing across the thread. Ridiculous.
        
               | haberman wrote:
               | Please tell me, how is one supposed to engage with the
               | "argument" that their personal experience and resulting
               | belief is a "propaganda driven falsehood." That's not an
               | argument, it is pure name calling, and doesn't even make
               | sense as this person seems to be basing their beliefs on
               | direct experience from their own professional life.
        
               | awinder wrote:
               | By:
               | 
               | 1. Not labeling people who disagree with you as "part of
               | a professional managerial class" / people who don't want
               | to work (propaganda) 2. Actually citing personal
               | experience (just saying you have personal experience
               | isn't a debate/argument)
        
               | haberman wrote:
               | > Not labeling people who disagree with you as "part of a
               | professional managerial class" / people who don't want to
               | work (propaganda)
               | 
               | I see, you get to label others with pejoratives like
               | "propaganda", but others are not allowed to respond in
               | kind with labels of their own. Seems a bit one-sided.
        
               | sopooneo wrote:
               | Does PMC stand for "Professional Managerial Class"?
        
               | lilactown wrote:
               | My dad and my grandpa worked for unions for decades, and
               | they are the hardest working people I know and take great
               | pride in that.
        
               | thepasswordis wrote:
               | Good! I'm not saying you _cant_ be a hard worker and also
               | in a union, or even that a pro work union couldn't exist.
               | 
               | I'm saying my experience with unions is that they're anti
               | work, and pro PMC.
        
           | CPLX wrote:
           | > I want to get up early, set big goals, work hard on them,
           | and then see the fruits of that hard work.
           | 
           | Perhaps you could serve as an example and role model that
           | could inspire union members like Michael Jordan and Tom Brady
           | to work harder.
        
           | nineplay wrote:
           | I used to work with UAW in the 90s and it was excruciating.
           | I'd be on the floor with one of our machines and I wasn't
           | allowed to even take a panel off with a screwdriver. There
           | was one guy whose job allowed him to unscrew the panel and he
           | was somewhere else, or on a smoke break. I spent so much time
           | sitting around twiddling my thumbs, waiting for this or that
           | person. It was the opposite of having a productive day, I'd
           | never want to work like that.
        
         | Aunche wrote:
         | A lot of people have had bad experience with unions. Often
         | times, it's only people with high seniority that see the most
         | benefit from unions. This is why the railroad unions negotiated
         | for more pay instead of paid sick days. Pension payouts are
         | based on the average of the highest 60 paying months. Senior
         | employees who are due to retire in a few years just need bear a
         | few more tough years to enjoy their significantly fatter
         | pensions.
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | Have they really? _Personal_ bad experiences?
           | 
           | Or is this just the prevailing narrative that's been sold to
           | us over the past 30-50 years, and there are too few _actual_
           | unions and union jobs left to effectively counter it?
        
         | surement wrote:
         | > maybe they just see themselves as embarrassed millionaires
         | that would want to crush their workers to squeeze money out of
         | them?
         | 
         | What a lazy take. Unions only protect their current members.
         | It's common for companies to hire fewer people or hire more
         | people at only part time schedules because full time employees
         | are required to cost exaggeratedly more or are harder to fire
         | due to union contracts. What organization represents the people
         | who are unemployed or underemployed because of unions? These
         | people are much worse off than if the unions didn't exist.
        
         | stri8ed wrote:
         | For the same reason that people oppose monopolies. Unions are
         | effectively a monopoly on the labor market.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | With specific exemption from federal anti trust legislation.
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | Two big factors:
         | 
         | 1. American capitalists have waged a very effective propaganda
         | campaign against unions and
         | 
         | 2. American unions have had a history of corruption. (Or maybe
         | I just think that because I've been taken in by the propaganda
         | campaign.)
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | as an American, my casual observation is that "real,
           | political Leftists in Unions of America" were pushed out by
           | any means (media,legal pressure,illegal intimidation and
           | harassment), leaving the far-Right shady people to run them
           | (literally Mafia in many locations, and with the Teamsters).
           | This is a political trade-off paralleling other anti-
           | Communist countries. USA Americans do not have a real
           | impression of the horrific power struggles that can occur
           | within a labor & tax system, and as these comments show, also
           | do not have a real impression of a working, daily Union doing
           | it's job without drama.
        
             | mgraf1 wrote:
             | I'm curious what you mean when you say "leaving the far-
             | Right shady people to run them (literally Mafia in many
             | locations, and with the Teamsters)". How are you defining
             | "far-right" in this context?
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | sustained, organized indentured servitude was a fact of
               | work life in many populated parts of the world for more
               | than a thousand years, and is found today in most
               | military structures, hotels and casinos, for example.
               | Here, a working definition of "far-Right" is, descendants
               | of those that enable hierarchical work structures
               | parallel to indentured work, with control & reward
               | structures associated with that.
        
         | jccalhoun wrote:
         | Because all they see is "that union is taking money out of my
         | pay check!" and they don't see the positives.
         | 
         | And there actually are bad unions. I worked in a casino and out
         | union was a non-striking union so even if the casino gave use
         | some shitty contract we weren't able to strike. So what was the
         | point?
        
           | Zeyka wrote:
           | Replace the word unions with cops (in the us) and then see if
           | you come to the conclusion that there should be no cops
           | because the system isn't working right now. The answer is
           | most likely "No, of course not". So why do so many come to
           | the conclusion that since unions aren't working well right
           | now, you should just get rid of them altogether?
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | jasode wrote:
         | _> It's probably my European brain, but I cannot understand how
         | someone [...] can be against unions..._
         | 
         | America unions are structured differently from Europe and some
         | can become as distrusted by the workers as the corporation.
         | 
         | Your viewpoint is common but it's based on the mental model of
         | _" Unions are good. Period end of story."_
         | 
         | But for voters like your proverbial Jerry against unions, the
         | mental model is more about _tradeoffs_ like this, _" the
         | proposed union by these particular set of organizers has made
         | some promises and wants to charge me $$$ per year to negotiate
         | with the company. Things may turn out better -- or they may
         | turn out worse (e.g. no job)."_
         | 
         | As an example, the Amazon union vote in Alabama failed and many
         | blamed Amazon propaganda. No doubt that Amazon crafted many
         | negative messages about unions. But outsiders forget that many
         | voters _had older relatives from Alabama coal mines_ telling
         | them that _" the union just took our dues money and didn't do
         | shit for us"_.
         | 
         | How can pro-union advocates counter those disillusioned union
         | coal miners spreading negative information like that? These are
         | the kinds of scenarios Europeans are unfamiliar with.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | > How can pro-union advocates counter those disillusioned
           | union coal miners spreading negative information like that?
           | 
           | Because coal mining is in no way the same as Amazon's retail
           | business? Now, I will say, some of these folks are beyond
           | hope. In an energy transition documentary done by one of the
           | HGTV property brothers, they interview a coal miner dying of
           | black lung in Appalachia, and they believe that's the job
           | their kids and grandkids should do versus renewables or "new
           | tech" even when considering there are other options
           | available. [1] Belief systems are deeply ingrained and have
           | defense mechanisms. Persuade the open minded whenever
           | possible, of course, but ignore those who aren't. The effort
           | is better spent elsewhere. As Max Planck said, "a new
           | scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents
           | and making them see the light, but rather because its
           | opponents die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar
           | with it." Same deal.
           | 
           | [1] https://youtu.be/MgRa5spkfXw
        
             | argiopetech wrote:
             | Both involve manual labor acquiring, packing, and shipping
             | valuable good for use by others; in enclosed areas,
             | surrounded by large, dangerous equipment; where workers are
             | paid below the perceived value of the position, and with
             | top management who grow richer daily while ignoring the
             | plight of the "little man"...
             | 
             | I'd rather work in the warehouse, personally, but I can
             | certainly see how the positions are analogous to the level
             | we could compare expected results of a union.
        
           | zip1234 wrote:
           | There are also public sector unions which appear to only
           | serve a special interest group at the expense of everyone
           | else. Teacher unions are an example--they appear to protect
           | bad teachers, stifle innovation, and it isn't even clear that
           | they are great at getting pay for teachers.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | > _unions which appear to only serve a special interest
             | group at the expense of everyone else_
             | 
             | I mean, the _intended purpose_ of unions is to serve their
             | members, at the expense of non members.
        
               | ubercore wrote:
               | Not necessarily. As I understand it, in the Nordics,
               | employment conditions and benefits are protected by
               | unions, regardless of an individual's membership.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | I see how you read it that way, but I meant non members
               | in a wider sense, as in the employer, and the general
               | public.
        
             | britch wrote:
             | Mind elaborating on what you mean by innovation?
             | 
             | Is it new/unique curriculum? Something else?
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | wallawe wrote:
         | If this is your take, you're not being honest about the
         | downsides of unions.
         | 
         | Here is a list of reasons for not wanting a union[1]:
         | 
         | - I want my underperforming colleagues to be fired quickly.
         | It's unfair and annoying that laggards are protected and free
         | riding off their colleagues' (my) effort, and it leads to
         | ineffective orgs.
         | 
         | - I don't want seniority or rank to be rewarded. It's unfair to
         | young people (me) who are more competent and ambitious, and it
         | leads to ineffective orgs.
         | 
         | - I want to negotiate individually because I believe I will
         | make more money as an outperformer. I don't want a centralized
         | handicapper to blunt my compensation.
         | 
         | - I don't like that unions are rent seeking in nature.
         | 
         | - I don't like that unions often are exploited by organized
         | crime.
         | 
         | - I don't like that unions interfere in the broader political
         | process and democracy via activism and political pressure (e.g
         | look at the fact that the new EV subsidies will be going to
         | everyone except Tesla, it's a perversion).
         | 
         | - I think people should be free to organize, but I don't like
         | that the state grants special asymmetric powers to unions.
         | 
         | - I don't like especially public sector unions that I believe
         | are doing significant damage to society broadly. For example
         | police unions that shielded Chauvin after a large number of
         | complaints.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28958674
        
           | ubercore wrote:
           | I think you have a very US-centric lens on unions. In the
           | Nordic countries, for example, unions operate entirely
           | differently. So you need to be clear where your points come
           | from.
        
             | BobbyJo wrote:
             | > So you need to be clear where your points come from
             | 
             | They were responding to a post specifically asking about
             | Americans' feelings toward unions. That made it pretty
             | clear to me where his points were coming from.
             | 
             | If they were responding from Finland I'd be a little
             | confused why they were responding at all.
        
               | ubercore wrote:
               | Because Finland is a great example of unions working for
               | the benefit of employees? Why are we constrained to only
               | discussing how (some, not all) unions are in the US?
        
               | jasode wrote:
               | _> Why are we constrained to only discussing how (some,
               | not all) unions are in the US?_
               | 
               | In general, nobody is constrained to just discussing USA
               | unions but _the particular subthread_ [1] that you're in
               | which was started by gp (Zeyka) was asking specifically
               | about America. And that's probably because this thread's
               | article is about American unions.
               | 
               | That's why your clarification (to poster wallawe) was
               | perceived as redundant and out of place.
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34028480
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Because in USA every union is a battle. There isn't much
               | to talk about with respect to Scandinavian unions, if you
               | don't want to be in one just don't be, if you want to be
               | in one just join, it is much simpler, while in USA one
               | side forces the other side to take the same route, so you
               | can't choose union other votes for what union you are in
               | etc.
        
             | ensignavenger wrote:
             | The above comment was clearly in response to another
             | comment about how Americans feel about unions, thus it is
             | obvious it was looking at American unions.
        
           | winkeltripel wrote:
           | I don't think you quite understand how the unions work.
           | 
           | -in most cases, the employer is able to fire with cause. The
           | union keeps the employer from using layoffs as a weapon.
           | 
           | - pay scales reward loyalty and keeps the workplace stable.
           | 
           | - without the union, you have almost no bargaining power. The
           | union usually gets a better rate for everyone than any one
           | person could have negotiated. This is in fact the point of
           | collective bargaining. Even the presence of a union job site
           | can lift wages across industries. I see this in Oshawa, where
           | the CAW jobs making car bits helps waitresses and sales
           | associates draw higher wages.
           | 
           | -the employer is rent-seeking on their capital. The union
           | balances this.
           | 
           | -unions are not criminal organizations. The teamsters have
           | done some things in the past. If we didn't have so much union
           | busting, there would be more unions competing for workplaces,
           | and this would drive bad unions out of business.
           | 
           | -unions are political, and need legal protections for
           | workers. Tesla will eventually have to deal with a union or
           | treat their workers better than the UAW.
           | 
           | -I don't like that the state grants asymmetric privileges to
           | the employer class, like never prosecuting white collar
           | crimes, and not clawing back exec severances during
           | bankruptcy, and giving them a lower tax rate than their
           | employees.
           | 
           | -there are many things wrong with policing in the us, but all
           | could be fixed with fedral legislation. The unions are
           | aligned with their membership, and doing great work. The
           | wider outcomes are horrible, but that's a good union doing
           | good work.
        
             | mcguire wrote:
             | You forgot the part where they are all founded on organized
             | crime.
             | 
             | /s
        
             | dehrmann wrote:
             | > pay scales reward loyalty and keeps the workplace stable.
             | 
             | The tech industry has arguably developed quickly because
             | people move around a lot, taking best practices with them.
             | Workplace stability might appear locally great, but it
             | hurts the industry as a whole.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | The tech industry is flooded with money, but is
               | enormously inefficient. How many projects are you
               | familiar with that got trashed, often after key people
               | moved on?
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | tldr: I think I can get more money, and screw the rest.
           | 
           | You've proven the point about inequality.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | joxel wrote:
        
           | joshlemer wrote:
           | Thank you for articulating this so well!
        
           | underbrush wrote:
           | Take your reasons, which are really more opinions, and insert
           | "free speech" instead of "unions" (after the appropriate
           | changes) and you might understand why people would disagree.
        
             | leereeves wrote:
             | How does "free speech" reward seniority, protect
             | underperforming colleagues, prevent negotiating
             | individually, etc?
        
               | underbrush wrote:
               | That is why I said make the appropriate changes.
               | 
               | - I don't want free speech because it is unfair to award
               | lazy thinking free riding off established publications.
               | 
               | - I don't want free speech because it is often exploited
               | by terrorists.
               | 
               | - I think people should be free to say things but I don't
               | think it should grant them special protection from the
               | government.
               | 
               | etc.
               | 
               | It isn't an exact comparison but that also isn't the
               | point.
        
               | xboxnolifes wrote:
               | You're right, it's not a comparison at all.
        
               | underbrush wrote:
               | It is it just isn't an exact comparison which is also
               | what I said.
        
           | otikik wrote:
           | > It's unfair and annoying that laggards are protected and
           | free riding off their colleagues' (my) effort
           | 
           | With your unionized coworkers that might be a _possibility_.
           | With the business owners that's a _certainty_. Do you feel
           | differently about these two groups of people?
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | onetimeusename wrote:
           | The way that many union bosses have become part of the
           | political class is something I rarely see discussed when
           | talking about union benefits. The bosses seem to be well
           | removed from the rank and file members and can have
           | completely different goals and priorities. The definition of
           | a union does not really seem like it should have anything to
           | do with politics either. I am sure that people will defend
           | union bosses by pointing out that union leadership jobs have
           | a different nature than what the members do which may be so.
           | But I would like to point out that it seems pretty rarely
           | people talk about exploitation and corruption of and by union
           | bosses themselves as if this can't possibly exist. I would
           | argue there is potential for union leadership to be
           | exploitative of union members and this is worth discussing.
        
           | ceres wrote:
           | All great points. To add: As someone who's worked blue collar
           | jobs, it is all too common for unions to protect assholes
           | from getting fired. This leads to a hostile work environment
           | created by the "high seniority" workers.
           | 
           | Something I don't like whenever these discussions come up is
           | the condescending tone, from white collar workers. "Don't
           | these poor people know what's good for them????"
           | 
           | Working class people are capable of thinking for themselves
           | and it's not that uncommon for people to move from a union
           | shop to a non-union shop due to the reasons outlined above.
        
             | ditonal wrote:
             | Poor people? I think rich techies are crazy - or rather,
             | badly misinformed- not to start a union.
             | 
             | Exhibit A of poorly informed: grandparent poster seriously
             | thinking he has more individual bargaining power against
             | trillion dollar corporations than a collective bargaining
             | agreement would.
             | 
             | Exhibit B: grandparent poster thinking collective
             | bargaining _must_ entail many aspects like seniority based
             | compensation that are totally optional.
             | 
             | Tom Brady is in the NFL players association. Tom Cruise is
             | in the Screen Actors guild. Naive techies think being good
             | at leetcode hard gives them bargaining power. A lot of ex
             | Tweeps are getting a wake up call.
             | 
             | The only reason techies had the illusion of negotiation
             | leverage is that they were generating such absurdly high
             | revenue for their employer, the slice they got seemed huge
             | compared to the rest of the country's gutted middle class.
             | Factor in inflation, housing, and that Wall St is now
             | gunning hard to bring tech compensation down, and you'll
             | realize techies are the last gasp of Americas dying middle
             | class, and that really pisses off activist hedge funds .
             | See Elliott Managements recent takeover of Pinterest so
             | they could "re-level" employees.
             | 
             | Read the emails between Steve Jobs and Sergey Brin w.r.t
             | high tech class action lawsuit. Read about Google hiring
             | union busting consultant firms.
             | 
             | If unions didn't work, tech execs wouldn't be so terrified
             | of them.
             | 
             | Yes, poor people should also unionize. And yes,
             | unfortunately a lot of their options are as broken and
             | corrupt as their employers.
             | 
             | That doesn't change the fundamental fact that collective
             | bargaining is the _only_ answer .
        
               | deepsquirrelnet wrote:
               | > Read the emails between Steve Jobs and Sergey Brin
               | w.r.t high tech class action lawsuit. Read about Google
               | hiring union busting consultant firms.
               | 
               | Worse still is that these firms have been caught
               | collectively bargaining against workers through illegal
               | secretive non-compete clauses. Wage suppression has been
               | going on for years, even while these companies have been
               | at the very top of thriving businesses.
               | 
               | It's simply not a question of affordability. These
               | companies did it because they could.
               | 
               | I'd also like to point out that much of the union
               | activity of a hundred years ago was also about poor
               | working conditions, and not just compensation. Much of
               | that was quelled by increasing government regulations
               | that protected workers against exploitation. Is the
               | government adequately performing this job?
        
             | 7sidedmarble wrote:
             | All the things you dislike about unionized working
             | environments are things that can go wrong in any working
             | environment. If we had more unions, you'd have more of a
             | choice, instead of the situation now where only the most
             | corrupt survive.
        
           | flanflan wrote:
        
             | seneca wrote:
             | Please don't post lazy throw away comments like this here.
        
               | civopsec wrote:
               | Seneca loquitur et audimus.
        
           | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
           | > - (e.g look at the fact that the new EV subsidies will be
           | going to everyone except Tesla, it's a perversion).
           | 
           | If you mean the federal tax credit, it was the OLD one that
           | stopped going to Tesla (due to the per-model caps in place;
           | caps that any competitor could also reach after enough sales,
           | mind you). The new credit that was signed into law this year
           | does not exclude Tesla (instead, it excludes cars
           | manufactured overseas).
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | It has been demonized and propagandized against by people with
         | the deepest pockets in the world, and it's working in some
         | cases.
        
           | Zeyka wrote:
           | A quick look at the comments on here answers that pretty
           | well... It's quite sad that those that are against unions for
           | various reasons are also against any changes to them. It just
           | seems like bad faith.
        
         | musictubes wrote:
         | You say you will never understand why some American working
         | class workers oppose unions. Well then I guess you will need be
         | able to convince them otherwise. If your starting point is that
         | the union experience is obviously a good one and you must be
         | stupid to not see that, you have lost any chance of a serious
         | conversation. People have reasons for feeling the way they do.
         | Dismissing them as falling for propaganda is once again just
         | calling them stupid.
         | 
         | I'm an American and I admit to having a very negative view of
         | modern unions. When the word union comes up I immediately think
         | of:
         | 
         | 1) The Teamsters and their ties to organized crime 2) Police
         | unions that shield officers from consequences 3) Teacher unions
         | that prevent awful teachers from being fired 4) Ridiculous
         | rules around duties on film/theater sets 5) The UAW is seen by
         | many former workers as letting them down. Many other people
         | feel the UAW bears some responsibilities for plant closures. 6)
         | As supermarkets in my area started to unionize the service
         | noticeably suffered. 7) Several friends were Verizon workers
         | and felt that they were screwed by their union. 8) It is common
         | for unions to fund candidates that many workers do not like.
         | 
         | If someone like myself has a negative view of unions it is up
         | to people like yourself to change that perception if you want
         | unions to gain traction in the US. Distrust of unions in the US
         | are not always (usually?) driven by ignorance or propaganda.
         | Unions themselves have done a very good job of alienating
         | workers.
        
           | rejectfinite wrote:
           | Here is how Swedish unions work :)
           | 
           | Maybe urs are just shit :)
           | 
           | https://www.unionen.se/in-english/this-is-unionen
        
         | mikem170 wrote:
         | > I will never understand how some working class Americans can
         | be against unions
         | 
         | I've wondered if this is because unions in the U.S. are
         | considerably different than unions in other places?
         | 
         | This was an interesting article [0] I bumped into titled
         | "Europe could have the secret to saving America's unions".
         | 
         | It said that in the U.S. unionization happens at the enterprise
         | level, leaving unionized companies at a disadvantage relative
         | to their competitors, so individual companies are very much
         | incentivized to fight against unionization. In other countries
         | when a certain amount of workers call for unionization
         | negotiations happen between the union and a federation
         | representing all employers in the sector, and the entire sector
         | unionizes at once, not individual companies.
         | 
         | The article also talked about employees receiving benefits from
         | their unions in some (fewer) countries, like unemployment
         | insurance, instead of from the government. This incentives
         | workers to join the union and pay union dues, instead of
         | forcing them to do so. The idea was thrown out there that
         | things like health care and retirement plans could also be
         | included with union dues for people in gig-work jobs that would
         | otherwise not receive these benefits.
         | 
         | I'd add that the article didn't address a concern many in the
         | U.S. have about unions protecting under-performing workers, to
         | the detriment of others. I've heard that this is different in
         | other countries, at least to a point, but the article did not
         | get into this. Also in the U.S. there have been a lot of
         | corrupt unions, and public employee unions that receive
         | (expensive) preferential treatment by law, I don't know if
         | these problems exist in other countries.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.vox.com/policy-and-
         | politics/2017/4/17/15290674/u...
        
           | Zeyka wrote:
           | Thanks for the interesting read, I think that US unions
           | should definitely change, and this is still in line with my
           | original comment, because of course you can dislike the way
           | unions work right now, but still be pro-union in the long
           | term.
           | 
           | Opposing unions is just going to lead to no changes on the
           | union side and it's going to let the companies be as harsh on
           | workers as they want, even on the "hard workers", because in
           | the end, companies just care about the value that you are
           | producing, not what you once produced. If you aren't valuable
           | now, they'll just throw you out.
           | 
           | All the comments on here that say "well i don't want my lazy
           | coworker to get paid more" highlight how well the
           | "hustle"/"grind" and meritocracy propaganda worked on US
           | workers. The other type of comments that talk about the bad
           | side of unions just seem like bad faith arguments, It's just
           | like the police violence in the US, there are a lot of bad
           | actors and the system is ultimately flawed, but does that
           | mean that there should be no police? No, of course not, so
           | why is that in this context, they are actively against unions
           | and against workers right? It quite literally makes no sense,
           | but then again we're talking about the USA here so the notion
           | of logic just goes out of the window.
        
         | JustSomeNobody wrote:
         | I think it in part comes from being trained generation after
         | generation that if I work harder than you, I deserve more than
         | you. So if people want to make things more equal, I will have
         | worked so hard for nothing and that makes me unhappy.
         | 
         | * Note: I used "I", but I don't personally feel this way. If I
         | found out a fast food worker made more than me as an engineer,
         | I wouldn't care. In some ways they work harder. Also, I don't
         | think CEOs bring as much worth to a company as engineers do and
         | they make way more, so...
        
         | 2devnull wrote:
         | You don't know many working class Americans or you could ask
         | them. I do and have and they report exploitation and misaligned
         | incentives. Unions are like corporations, they can have poor
         | leadership with goals that are incongruous with the goals of
         | the members. Union dues can feel like you pay a lot of your
         | hard earned cash to just have your money siphoned off to a
         | politicians that literally hate you. But usually they have
         | agreed that in general it's good that unions exist. Better to
         | have them around than to not have them, in the abstract.
        
         | faitswulff wrote:
         | Ironically you're being downvoted by the same folks who would
         | benefit from unions. American Twitter employees, for instance,
         | would have done a lot better with European labor protections.
         | European Twitter employees probably have a sizable comeuppance
         | on the horizon.
        
           | Zeyka wrote:
           | Exactly, and I'm not trying to devalue their beliefs, I'm
           | just trying to understand how they can be against something
           | that would benefit them.
        
             | mhb wrote:
             | Is it that hard to understand that someone might be in
             | favor of something in principle, but object to its
             | particular implementation? Or that someone could act
             | against their own self-interest because of a belief in a
             | broader principle? Maybe everyone's motivation isn't to
             | blindly follow their own micro-self-interest.
        
               | ohCh6zos wrote:
               | Any time I hear the claim that people are against their
               | best interests it does not quite make sense to me. My own
               | observation leads me to believe that everyone is good at
               | optimizing for their own priorities.
        
             | thepasswordis wrote:
             | It won't benefit them. Maybe you should try to understand
             | their perspective from a place of you being ignorant of the
             | subject and wrong about unions.
        
             | bombolo wrote:
             | They think "oh no my lazy coworkers might get a bigger
             | bonus!" rather than realising that their boss is the former
             | lazy coworker.
             | 
             | Basically the american idea that deserving people (aka
             | myself) will magically prevail.
        
               | ww-picard-do wrote:
               | You are being very patronizing. Other people in this
               | thread have given reasonable explanations for not liking
               | unions.
               | 
               | You are free to disagree, of course, but being smug about
               | it is rude.
        
               | bombolo wrote:
               | Like the one "office workers don't need unions because
               | meritocracy"... if you think that's reasonable... I can
               | only think of it as reasonable if you start from made up
               | facts to reach the conclusion.
        
               | ww-picard-do wrote:
               | I never said that just like no one said "oh no my lazy
               | coworkers might get a bigger bonus!". You seem to insist
               | on mischaracterizing what people say. Why?
        
               | Zeyka wrote:
               | But that's the thing, meritocracy isn't a thing, and
               | saying no to more protections (from unions or from pro-
               | worker laws) just doesn't make sense. Granted there was
               | some things I didn't know about how unions worked in the
               | US, which I learned more about in this thread, but the
               | same questions remain for pro worker and worker
               | protection laws, why do Americans oppose them so much.
        
               | yucky wrote:
               | > meritocracy isn't a thing
               | 
               | One of many examples I can give to disprove this as I'm
               | sitting here watching Croatia & Morocco in the World Cup,
               | is looking at some of the contracts some of these players
               | get from their clubs. Wide disparity and definitely seems
               | to be based on a meritocracy. Taken further, why are none
               | of these fans in the stands, many of whom who also play
               | for fun not equally compensated or even compensated at
               | all? After all, they can kick a ball too.
               | 
               | So now that we've established that meritocracy is
               | obviously a real thing, we have to ask what evidence you
               | have that a meritocracy wouldn't exist in other fields,
               | like programming for instance.
        
               | bombolo wrote:
               | > So now that we've established that meritocracy is
               | obviously a real thing
               | 
               | We have? Because... a football match was played? What did
               | it prove exactly?
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | > meritocracy isn't a thing, and saying no to more
               | protections (from unions or from pro-worker laws) just
               | doesn't make sense
               | 
               | You know that, and I know that, but the right wing has
               | been pushing anti-union, anti-worker, pro-corporate
               | propaganda for several decades now. That propaganda also
               | dovetails with the preexisting Protestant work ethic and
               | labor theory of value that have been pretty solidly in
               | the American consciousness since...well, basically before
               | its founding as a country.
               | 
               | All that combined means that for people who aren't raised
               | in a progressive, pro-union environment, and who don't
               | encounter such an environment until their belief systems
               | are fairly well-established, the default background noise
               | is pretty much "Unions? Why would you need that, you
               | pansy? Real Men are islands unto themselves, work hard,
               | and are paid exactly what they're worth for that work.
               | That's how you know the poor deserve to be poor!"
        
           | formercoder wrote:
           | I really don't understand the push for white collar tech
           | employees to be in unions. It's my understanding that in most
           | union jobs, compensation and benefits are strictly based on
           | time in role, not performance. I try and excel in my role and
           | others are less interested in doing so. I should be promoted
           | faster and compensated higher.
        
             | thepasswordis wrote:
             | Generally the people who are advocating for a union are
             | doing it to level the playing field for themselves against
             | you.
        
               | bombolo wrote:
               | Yes for example an immigrant that is under threat of
               | being deported might want a more level playing field.
        
               | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
               | Historically, unions in the United States have been
               | strongly anti-immigrant because they were seen as
               | competitors who lowered wages. Anyone who has been on HN
               | long enough has seen the undercurrent of anti-H-1B
               | sentiment whenever the topic comes up and a union would
               | bring that nastiness and racism out to center stage.
               | 
               | No, no immigrants in tech are going to want to vote for a
               | union because a lot of its members think immigrants are
               | part of the playing field that needs to be "leveled".
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | It's not racism to oppose policies that lower my salary
        
               | dantheman wrote:
               | Unions are anti-immigrant.
        
               | bombolo wrote:
               | And companies are pro-exploitation-of-immigrants... and
               | not very pro-immigrants.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Do you have any current data on that? I think it was true
               | of the "Reagan Democrat" variety of union worker in the
               | 1980s, but I suspect it's an outdated stereotype now. For
               | example, SEIU, one of America's largest unions,
               | represents a lot of immigrants and is strongly pro-
               | immigrant: https://www.seiu.org/justice-for-immigrants/
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | It's not really true any longer, but it was at one point.
               | The head of the AFL-CIO admits here that unions were
               | strongly anti immigration for decades. Only in the past
               | few years have they changed their official opinion.
               | 
               | https://www.npr.org/2013/02/05/171175054/how-the-labor-
               | movem...
        
               | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
               | The only reason blue collar workers' unions changed their
               | tune is because they were unable to stop the flow of
               | illegal immigration. On the other hand, restricting H-1Bs
               | and green cards is a battle that many think they can win.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | It is disappointing to ask for data and get more
               | unsubstantiated opinion.
        
             | throw0101c wrote:
             | > _It's my understanding that in most union jobs,
             | compensation and benefits are strictly based on time in
             | role, not performance._
             | 
             | That is one structure, and it probably was predominant in
             | the past because unions were historically in factories
             | where workers were more interchangeable and had set tasks
             | at a production line station.
             | 
             | Another is more 'guild-like': Jane Smith who is Waitress
             | #2, and Tom Cruise who plays Ethan Hunt in _Mission
             | Impossible_ , are both part of the same union/guild, but
             | one is able to negotiate a much higher salary. But they
             | have the same 'base' level of protection with regards to
             | working conditions, pension, health care, _etc_.
             | 
             | Certainly Tom Cruise can go above and beyond those 'base'
             | levels, but the union/guild simply provides a floor which
             | everyone is entitled to.
             | 
             | There's no reason why a union contract could not negotiate
             | things like working conditions, health/child care,
             | pensions/retirement funds, _etc_ , but leave salaries out
             | of the collective agreement. Or perhaps have pay bands,
             | with retention/performance bonuses that are out side of the
             | scope of the agreement, and are 100% discretionary to the
             | company: everyone gets a floor, but there's no ceiling.
        
             | sambull wrote:
             | Probably the people who have had a boss tell them they
             | believe minimum performance for a salaried position was 70+
             | hours a week.
        
             | jtolmar wrote:
             | A union is a democratically-run tool. Every tech employee I
             | talk to hates the idea of compensation being based purely
             | on time in role, why would they democratically vote for
             | that to be the rule?
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | There's two ways to unionize: roll your own, or UaaS.
               | Rolling your own requires a lot of work, time in
               | committee meetings, and has a risk that you'll overlook
               | common issues or flub negotiations due to inexperience.
               | But there's a lot of flexibility, and it can be done on
               | the cheap. A lot of people pick the second option: a big
               | union can send a rep, draft a contract, negotiate with
               | your employer, etc., in exchange for the dues it pays its
               | employees with.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | Because not every rule is up for vote. Ex: Majority of
               | Americans want weed federally legal. America is a
               | democracy. Why is that not the law? It's not up for vote.
        
             | bombolo wrote:
             | Nobody has any idea how to properly evaluate that. So they
             | just pick the person who works the least and talks the
             | most, using random jargon to seem smart.
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | Unions can be what the workers want them to be. The
             | industrial time-in-role thing can be a reasonable match to
             | industrial industrial jobs. But collective bargaining can
             | include performance-based pay. E.g., the union negotiates
             | the overall base raise and the size of the performance-
             | based raise pool, and then managers decide on raises and
             | promotions. They can also help you resolve situations of
             | individual managerial unfairness, something that HR is
             | supposed to do but is very rarely effective at.
        
           | throwaway6734 wrote:
           | But American tech companies would be even less likely to be
           | created in the first place under European labor laws
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Spotify, SAP, Skype, Unity, Sitecore, OutSystems, Bayer,
             | Pfizer, Nokia, Ericson, Vodafone....
             | 
             | Managed just fine.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | throwaway6734 wrote:
               | Do you think tech companies are more likely to come out
               | of Europe or the US?
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Moving goal posts, but yeah, Europe lacks a SV with
               | venture capitalists raining money on every crazy idea,
               | with Tony Stark like feudal lords pushing their minions
               | to sleep in office with promises of free drinks and
               | pizza, hoping to capitalize on the startup being sold.
               | 
               | Thankfully.
        
               | bartart wrote:
               | I am curious, is putting up with the occasional self-
               | obsessed ceo not worth it?
               | 
               | For example Tesla has a market value greater than every
               | European carmaker combined, having gone from
               | approximately 0 annual car deliveries to over a million
               | in just a few years while revolutionizing electric
               | travel. Or with space x developing reusable rockets that
               | have utterly transformed the industry. These companies
               | will contribute to economic dynamism and wealth creation
               | for years and decades.
               | 
               | Macron said of American space companies, "Unfortunately
               | they're not European, but they took a bet". Perhaps at a
               | certain level you need people with lots of money who are
               | willing to risk it
        
               | mftrhu wrote:
               | No. They keep whatever _actual_ wealth they might end up
               | creating - if and when they even manage that - and the
               | only thing that trickles down from them is their ego.
               | 
               | I prefer not being subject to their whims.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Not for me, I have better things to do with my life.
        
               | throwaway6734 wrote:
               | Not moving goalposts. Read my original post.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Examples were given, we enjoy our unions, thank you very
               | much.
        
               | AS37 wrote:
               | A bunch of those started 150+ years ago, when European
               | unions essentially didn't exist.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Ok, lets remove those from my list.
               | 
               | Spotify, SAP, Skype, Unity, Sitecore, OutSystems,
               | Vodafone, ...
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | Even though it was founded in Denmark, Unity is a US HQ
               | company now, and Vodafone is basally a body shop now
               | mostly (what's their latest successful product?).
               | 
               | Plus, naming 6 random European tech companies doesn't
               | prove anything. Every country has tech companies. How
               | many exactly doesn't really matter in this comparison,
               | what matters is revenues and market cap.
               | 
               | Consider that the US tech sector is worth significantly
               | more than the tech sectors of EU + UK + Switzerland +
               | Norway combined. It blows the entire EEA out of the
               | water. To put it simply, the US hosts most of the largest
               | tech companies by market cap and revenues.
               | 
               | If you take the top 50 tech companies in the world by
               | market cap[1], the only European companies on the list
               | are ASML, Booking, SAP, Schneider Electric and Dassault
               | Systemes. 6 out of 50 for Europe, while the US has about
               | 40 out of 50, while also claiming the highest six spots
               | at the top.
               | 
               | Ouch! That's not even a competition. It's why American
               | tech workers get paid so much. Not because they don't get
               | government mandated PTO and sick leave, or can get fired
               | more easily, or don't pay more taxes for unemployment and
               | socialized healthcare, as is the common myth, but because
               | the companies they work for are so obscenely rich
               | compared to European ones and a lot more numerous.
               | 
               | /QED
               | 
               | [1] https://companiesmarketcap.com/tech/largest-tech-
               | companies-b...
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Well they need the money to make up for being left alone
               | to care for themselves.
        
           | logicalmonster wrote:
           | If the European standards are so good, where are all of the
           | influential European tech companies?
           | 
           | To properly weigh all of the tradeoffs, you might consider
           | asking if those Twitter jobs would even emerge in the
           | European system and if there's a link between European labor
           | standards and the lack of influential European tech
           | companies. Europe is a large market that is filled with many
           | capable and educated technology workers, yet almost always
           | all of the tech companies we're ever talking about are
           | American. Why is this?
        
             | faitswulff wrote:
             | A simple answer is that being able to abuse workers allows
             | businesses to move faster.
        
             | rejectfinite wrote:
             | Spotify, Skype, Minecraft, Battlefield, Ericsson, SAAB
             | 
             | oh and the Linux kernel.
             | 
             | Is your brain broken?
        
             | BigRedDog1669 wrote:
             | Good company to work for is not the same as big company
             | everyone is talking about on hacker news. Those are two
             | different things. Why should people optimize for computer
             | nerd prestige? I might not care to work for Amazon,
             | Microsoft, etc. Influential can be a bad thing if they are
             | negatively influencing society.
        
               | logicalmonster wrote:
               | > Why should people optimize for computer nerd prestige?
               | 
               | The thing I'd like to focus on isn't nerd prestige, but
               | good jobs, as the article was about inequality as nothing
               | fixes social alienation and inequality more than lots of
               | people having a good income and being part of society.
               | These big tech companies, whatever major negatives they
               | provide to the culture in many ways, at least employ a
               | lot of people and give them a path to being part of that
               | comfy middle class.
               | 
               | If the concern is inequality, then is a pile of great
               | paying jobs with worse labor standards better than a few
               | ok paying jobs with great labor standards? See where I'm
               | going with that?
               | 
               | These are complex issues...I don't think I have all of
               | the answers, but I just want to point out that there
               | might be some tradeoffs to the good sounding things like
               | unions and much better labor protections.
        
           | pxmpxm wrote:
           | Ha, if anything Twitter's the paragon of a European tech
           | company. Overstaffed, politicized and unable to make money,
           | all while their top talent flees to competitors in sf bay
           | area.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Why are European wages so low? Why aren't their unions
           | extracting more meaningful pay? Why do the non-unionized US
           | workers make so much more money?
        
         | gchamonlive wrote:
         | It's because you have the blessing and privilege of working two
         | to three jobs in a capitalist society, a very small price to
         | pay to access all capitalism has to offer: smartphones, TVs and
         | cleaning machines that break in a month after warranty expires,
         | cars, a healthcare system that will take your house and your
         | dog as collateral...
         | 
         | Unions? you should be thankful!
        
       | navane wrote:
       | Not saying unions don't equalize, but 1940-1945 had something
       | else going on besides being peak union.
        
       | VeninVidiaVicii wrote:
       | I think that's the point. Workers want to be paid more if they
       | feel like they are more deserving.
        
       | avereveard wrote:
       | This article puts together two graphs and absolutely give no
       | backing as to which one is the causation of the other beyond
       | "see?" or if there's any backing model for their correlation than
       | one could go and test.
       | 
       | This is sensationalistic propaganda, not research.
        
         | ed25519FUUU wrote:
         | You would honestly think that in 2022 someone would critically
         | ask the author if they're falling into a "correlation implies
         | causation" fallacy.
        
           | avereveard wrote:
           | Considering I'm being downvoted on top of that, I might have
           | overvalued this community as well.
        
       | jelliclesfarm wrote:
       | Inequality rises due to overpopulation. It's a numbers game.
        
       | option wrote:
       | we should stop worrying about inequality and instead fixate on
       | these two metrics: (1) how well off are the poorest and those
       | unable to work and (2) how well off is the middle class
        
       | hintymad wrote:
       | I think unions in private companies have value. The unions at
       | least know they can't demand too much or their companies will be
       | out of business. On the other hand, I don't get unions in public
       | institutions: the government is unlikely to go out of business,
       | so what is possibly the check and balance of the unions?
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | In Germany at least, I have the feeling the Unions don't do much.
       | 
       | I know a bunch of nurses, and they still are paid badly.
        
         | rejectfinite wrote:
         | Are you German?
         | 
         | What if without unions, it would be worse?
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | This is spot on. The evisceration of unions is the legacy of the
       | Reagan/Thatcher years (ie the 1980s). Real wages have been
       | stagnant for 40+ years [1]. Much of modern American culture can
       | be summed up with this quote [2]:
       | 
       | > "John Steinbeck once said that socialism never took root in
       | America because the poor see themselves not as an exploited
       | proletariat but as temporarily embarrassed millionaires."
       | 
       | The Cold War and the hugely successful propaganda against
       | communism spilled over to utterly decimate the labor movement in
       | the US. You will however immediately lose most Americans as soon
       | as you use the word "socialism". Let me summarize the usual
       | rebuttals:
       | 
       | 1. Socialism isn't communisum. The first is more about equality
       | of opportunity. The second is more equality of outcome;
       | 
       | 2. Socialism is not a poverty cult. Society is insanely wealthy.
       | It's simply about sharing the wealth such that like 8 people
       | don't own 50% of the economy;
       | 
       | 3. Debt is built into your existence. Student debt, medical debt,
       | housing debt, etc. This is by design to rob you of autonomy and
       | keep you as compliant workers. Often this is referred to as
       | "neofeudalism" or "neoserfdom".
       | 
       | 5. There is no value without labor;
       | 
       | 6. "The workers owning the means of production" simply means
       | labor sharing in the value they create. And no, an Amazon
       | warehouse worker getting paid minimum hour and being penalized
       | for taking bathroom breaks is not "sharing";
       | 
       | 7. Too many people have unrealistic views about their ability to
       | negotiate and their overall ability, which is why you'll see so
       | many comments like "I don't want to be kept down by low
       | performers".
       | 
       | 8. The financialization of housing turns people into NIMBYs who
       | want to see their home values go up even though cost of housing
       | is the leading factor in homelessness and has historically been
       | used as a tool for segregation after explicit segregation was
       | outlawed;
       | 
       | 9. Creating monopolies such that companies can charge $1000/month
       | and otherwise bankrupt you for needing lifesaving healthcare is
       | state violence;
       | 
       | 10. The police as an institution that exists today is a tool for
       | protecting capital and those who own it; and
       | 
       | 11. You are not Elon Musk. You will never be Elon Musk. Elon Musk
       | doesn't know who you are. Elon Musk would melt you down for
       | rocket fuel if it increased profits.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/08/07/for-most-
       | us...
       | 
       | [2]: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/328134-john-steinbeck-
       | once-...
        
       | js8 wrote:
       | To everybody who thinks this is just correlation and not
       | causation - read the post properly. They mention:
       | 
       | "Labor unions both sustained prosperity, and ensured that it was
       | shared; union bargaining power has been shown to moderate the
       | compensation of executives at unionized firms."
       | 
       | And give a link to a study. This result has been seen across
       | countries, and is the CAUSAL link you're looking for.
        
         | next_xibalba wrote:
         | Let's just read the title: "As unions decline, inequality
         | rises"
         | 
         | That is very much a statement about correlation. Otherwise it
         | would say, "Unions' Decline _CAUSED_ Inequality ". But, to
         | anyone with a passing knowledge of statistics, that is clearly
         | an impossible claim to make. This is _one_ time series
         | realization for _one_ country.
         | 
         | Let's go further. Is there any mention of causality in the
         | article. And I do mean quantified causality. The answer is
         | "no". Is there even any mention of correlation? Again, the
         | answer is "no".
         | 
         | Let's keep going. Let's evaluate the aims and intent of the
         | article. Let's start with EPI, the publisher of this article.
         | The Chair of EPI is "Elizabeth H. Shuler ... president of the
         | AFL-CIO, a federation of 58 unions and 12.5 million working
         | people". Other board members include current and former union
         | leadership from the United Steelworkers, the UAW, the Nonprofit
         | Professional Employees Union, Service Employees International
         | Union, the International Association of Machinists and
         | Aerospace Workers, the American Federation of State, County and
         | Municipal Employees, the Communication Workers of America, and
         | the American Federation of Teachers. All huge unions.
         | 
         | In other words, this publication is not a work of science. It
         | is not a credible academic publication. It is the motivated,
         | self interested rhetoric of union leadership.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | My theory is unions thrive when there's a labor shortage, so
         | workers will get paid more just because there's a labor
         | shortage, decreasing inequality. If there's a labor glut, the
         | union model falls over because it can't maintain its monopoly,
         | and executives pat themselves on the back for lowering
         | production costs, even though it was mostly driven by the macro
         | environment.
        
         | dstauffer11 wrote:
         | Oh wow, they have a study! Definitely definitive then, case
         | closed.
         | 
         | More seriously, my wife and I got into an argument about the
         | effects of unions once and this was the best summary I could
         | find: https://www.heritage.org/jobs-and-labor/report/what-
         | unions-d...
         | 
         | (yes it is by the Heritage foundation so their top-line summary
         | probably has some ideological bias but the list of study
         | summaries at the bottom is great) Generally, studies found that
         | unions benefitted the unionized workers at the expense of the
         | most and least skilled workers. And was slightly bad for
         | company investment/earnings long term. But by far my favorite
         | result (and the best study design from the list, imo) was a
         | regression-discontinuity analysis that found no effect of
         | unionization whatsoever:
         | 
         | "Compares companies whose workers voted narrowly for a union
         | with companies whose workers voted narrowly against a union.
         | Since the difference between winning and losing is close to
         | random, this provides an estimate of the causal effect of
         | randomly organizing a given company. Finds that workers who
         | vote to join a union do win certification but that unions have
         | essentially no effect on the firm or the workers. Wages do not
         | rise, and employment and productivity do not fall. Unionized
         | companies are no more likely to go out of business than are
         | non-union firms."
         | 
         | DiNardo, John, and David S. Lee, "Economic Impacts of New
         | Unionization on Private Sector Employers: 1984-2001," The
         | Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 119, No. 4 (November
         | 2004), pp. 1383-1441.
        
         | Gimpei wrote:
         | I don't have any real opinion about the direction of causality.
         | If anything the idea of unions contributing to more wage
         | equality makes sense to me. But, linking to a single study as
         | "proof" of anything is a big no no. It is very easy to cherry
         | pick studies so that you get the "true" outcome. The only way
         | to make a halfway convincing argument is to look at every piece
         | of evidence on the question and aggregate them. This is why we
         | believe global warming is man made and severe despite a few
         | studies that suggest otherwise. One other caveat I would add is
         | that if you read the linked study, they're only reporting
         | correlations. There doesn't appear to be a causal
         | identification strategy there. Which isn't to say it isn't
         | interesting and worthwhile. Only that one should take the
         | results with an appropriate level of caution.
        
         | dash2 wrote:
         | Mr Always-grumbles-about-correlation-studies reporting in here.
         | Maybe it's a nice causal study, but the jump from "moderates
         | compensation of top executives" to "reduces equality across the
         | whole income spectrum" is a big stretch.
         | 
         | Update: also, I went and scanned the linked article (because
         | I'm that type). They're credible authors, but they themselves
         | explicitly say: "In reporting correlations between unionization
         | and managerial pay, we are not necessarily able to establish
         | whether unions cause differences.... We try a variety of
         | strategies to understand these issues, however each is
         | imperfect."
        
           | js8 wrote:
           | "In reporting correlations between unionization and
           | managerial pay, we are not necessarily able to establish
           | whether unions cause differences"
           | 
           | Yes, but that's a different correlation vs causation issue.
           | The point is, the phenomenon of unions equalizing pay, on the
           | company (micro) level (which has been reproduced in other
           | countries and time periods), can be considered to be a causal
           | explanation for the phenomenon of rising inequality when
           | unions decline, in the society at large.
        
       | factfindingisfn wrote:
       | Ha! This is a best loosely coupled. EPI discloses labor unions
       | fund them. Labor Unions did nothing for families in the
       | 60s,70s,80s, and 90s when all manufacturer jobs were driven out
       | of the US due to bad labor negotiations. Joining a union is about
       | as helpful for your job as joining a country club except you
       | don't get any real perks.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | Laying all of the US's industrial decline at the feet of unions
         | is a bit much. I think a lot of the management-hostile, zero-
         | sum thinking that drove bad union behavior was a clear response
         | to previous management behavior filled with both exploitation
         | that drove the rise of unions and hostility when they couldn't
         | get away with as much.
         | 
         | An instructive example here is the story of the NUMMI plant in
         | the 1980s, which clearly shows the awfulness of GM's internal
         | culture, the cluelessness of management in the face of
         | existential threat, and how much things can be different, even
         | with the exact same union workers:
         | https://www.thisamericanlife.org/561/nummi-2015
         | 
         | If we want unions that have a collaborative, win-win approach
         | with management, I think we first need management that has that
         | spirit toward the workers. But looking at how US companies are
         | reacting to the recent uptick in unionization, I'm not very
         | hopeful.
        
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