[HN Gopher] A Linux Evening
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A Linux Evening
        
       Author : ingve
       Score  : 571 points
       Date   : 2022-12-16 11:09 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fabiensanglard.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fabiensanglard.net)
        
       | markus_zhang wrote:
       | This occcurs every time I decided to dab into Linux. Usually I
       | got the answer from a random search on stackoverflow and never
       | managed to understand what happened.
       | 
       | But I think it's OK. I have always had an interest in system
       | programming and that's why I wanted to dab into Linux. But system
       | programming is not a shiny, whole smooth thing one may imagine,
       | but is quite messy all the time. I simply got what I wanted.
        
       | buserror wrote:
       | Not _entirely_ sure we are going the right way tho. In the last 3
       | months or so (aka 2 major kernel versions), I had to add stuff to
       | my command line to make my perfectly working workstation work
       | again. X99 motherboard, worked for _years_.
       | 
       | GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="mitigations=off
       | acpi_enforce_resources=lax pci=noaer intel_iommu=off"
       | 
       | All of them due to various problems I had to 'google and cut
       | paste bits and see if it works'. I'm considered a bit of an
       | expert, and I only understand fully _one_ of the added parameter,
       | and why it 's needed.
        
       | shadowofneptune wrote:
       | Nvidia drivers, signed kernel modules, and Nvidia signed kernel
       | modules are my own most common sources of 'Linux evenings.'
       | SecureBoot is quite possible on Linux until you need to reach for
       | these, then it becomes a headache.
        
       | DerSaidin wrote:
       | Take away 0:
       | 
       | Good error messages are important pointers. Make sure you include
       | good, unique, descriptive errors in software you write.
       | 
       | When you figure out a solution, post it online with the error
       | message so others can search it to make the connection and get to
       | the solution more easily.
        
       | rg111 wrote:
       | I started using Linux with Linux Mint. Then moved to Pop OS
       | NVIDIA edition 2/3 years ago.
       | 
       | I _NEVER HAD_ a Linux Evening.
       | 
       | I only faced problems for my noobness in my earlier years, and
       | help was always a reddit visit away.
        
       | jckahn wrote:
       | I'm a proud and happy Linux desktop user and rarely have
       | significant issues like the one described here. I attribute that
       | to using a "boring" distro (latest Ubuntu LTS's only), and
       | "boring" hardware (a Dell XPS 13 which is known to have good
       | Ubuntu support). I just don't have the spare hours to throw at
       | getting basic system functionality to work, so I make
       | software/hardware choices accordingly.
       | 
       | Occasionally I will have a Linux Evening, and I attribute it to
       | the fact that I didn't pay for my OS and can therefore only
       | expect so much. After all, you only get what you pay for.
       | 
       | That being said, I will never leave Linux because using an open
       | source operating system is completely worth the occasional
       | hassles it brings me.
        
         | greatgib wrote:
         | I have also a XPS13, it is quite good, and I never
         | shutdown/reboot it. Only let it in sleep mode when needed. For
         | months.
         | 
         | There is still a recurring issue that I was encountering, that
         | is similar to the one reported by Fabien Sanglard. It is with
         | the small usb-c to usb-3 thunderbolt accessory. It is working
         | perfectly, and suddenly, after months, it will not work anymore
         | with anyhting plugged to it, without reason.
         | 
         | In that case, in the syslog I can also see that the "memory
         | space" is exhausting, with something "BAR" and it looks like
         | that it is not able to allocate ports anymore.
         | 
         | Before, in such a case, I was forced to reboot and that was a
         | lot of frustration for me, to lose all my contexts. And most
         | often at the wrong time when you are in a hurry.
         | 
         | But, recently,in a Linux Evening, I found a command that
         | "magically" resolve my issue when it is happening, without
         | having to reboot:                 for i in
         | /sys/bus/pci/drivers/[uoex]hci_hcd/*:*; do   [ -e "$i" ] ||
         | continue;   echo "${i##*/}" > "${i%/*}/unbind";   echo
         | "${i##*/}" > "${i%/*}/bind"; done
         | 
         | This will deinit/deallocate all the usb internal hubs
         | (usb2/usb3/...) freeing the ports that were allocated (leaked?)
         | for them. And then reset them. Then everything is working
         | correctly again.
         | 
         | Even if it is not great to have this issue, this is the case
         | when I like Linux, when there is always a way to fix your
         | issues without having to reboot.
        
       | vehemenz wrote:
       | 1. If you don't encounter any trouble daily driving GNU/Linux,
       | that is actually a sign of _inexperience_. That or you 're doing
       | nothing interesting.
       | 
       | 2. If principles mattered more than convenience, most Linux users
       | would be on FreeBSD or OpenBSD instead of GNU/Linux. Either
       | follow your arguments to their conclusions, or understand that
       | Windows/macOS users are doing the same thing as you--making
       | practical tradeoffs.
       | 
       | 3. Unless you are doing tons of system administration on your
       | daily driver, most of your time is spent in applications, and the
       | choice of operating system doesn't matter too much.
        
         | S0und wrote:
         | > 1. If you don't encounter any trouble daily driving
         | GNU/Linux, that is actually a sign of inexperience. That or
         | you're doing nothing interesting.
         | 
         | There are 3 type of person who knows a lot about cars:
         | 
         | 1. A Car mechanic 2. People who love cars, and tinker them
         | constantly 3. People who have a shitty car and something always
         | breaks.
         | 
         | Personally I'm not a car guy, I treat them as tools. I can do
         | this because I always had a reliable car. I have a friend who
         | once mocked me for my inexperience. I had to reminding him why
         | he knew so much about cars. He was a Type 3 guy. No a shitty
         | car tho, but something always broke on it anyway.
         | 
         | So getting back to you, can we just have something Works? Is
         | that a high bar?
        
           | vehemenz wrote:
           | My point here is that if you use Linux enough, then you will
           | encounter issues, period, regardless of your technical level.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | The same thing is true if you use a pencil enough. The
             | question is whether you run into issues significantly more
             | often than the commercial alternatives.
        
         | bashZorina_09 wrote:
         | I don't necessarily agree with your first point.
         | 
         | When I (and many others) first started out using Linux, this
         | was when the most trouble was likely to crop up. Over time, one
         | learns and adapts to certain intricacies, hardware or
         | methodologies used, and hopefully good practises, such as
         | avoiding utterly rubbish or quaint distributions. Of course no
         | scenario is bound to be 100% trouble free, but this is a far
         | cry from an inexperienced user.
         | 
         | Even if I were to accept the premise that the other users are
         | simply "doing nothing interesting", what would your idea of
         | interesting be? Is it heavily exotic in nature (which I do
         | agree in this case), or things that fall outside the purview of
         | web browsing, document editing and leisurely activities? These
         | things can also cause trouble outside the fault of a user for
         | any reason, but this doesn't necessarily mean that they are
         | inexperienced or do nothing interesting.
         | 
         | If you can elaborate more, I'd be interested to gauge if I
         | agree in a new context.
        
         | bscphil wrote:
         | > If principles mattered more than convenience
         | 
         | What principles? Is this another BSD vs GPL licensing turf war
         | you're trying to start here? I think there are obviously
         | coherent sets of principles on which it makes sense to prefer
         | the latter.
        
         | nortonham wrote:
         | Point 2: What makes you say that, and what principles
         | specifically are you assuming every gnu/linux user has that
         | would lead them to Free/OpenBSD (and not dragonfly or net)?
        
         | seanw444 wrote:
         | This is an important list.
        
         | ryanmentor wrote:
         | You conclusion for your second point seems to include a lot of
         | unstated assumptions.
         | 
         | Which principles do you think are at play?
        
         | nortonham wrote:
         | 1) Yes for quite some time I only do fairly basic/uninteresting
         | things. That being said, gnu/linux has become far easier to use
         | than it was, say 20 years ago.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > If principles mattered more than convenience, most Linux
         | users would be on FreeBSD or OpenBSD instead of GNU/Linux.
         | Either follow your arguments to their conclusions, or
         | understand that Windows/macOS users are doing the same thing as
         | you--making practical tradeoffs.
         | 
         | I'm chiming in with everybody else here, but why do you think
         | that my principles are better served by licensing that is less
         | supportive of my principles?
        
         | dm319 wrote:
         | I'm gonna disagree on everything here...
         | 
         | > 1. If you don't encounter any trouble daily driving
         | GNU/Linux, that is actually a sign of inexperience. That or
         | you're doing nothing interesting.
         | 
         | I do loads of interesting stuff on linux, I use it for
         | research, numerical computing, biology etc. None of these
         | things cause linux to skip a beat.
         | 
         | > 2. If principles mattered more than convenience, most Linux
         | users would be on FreeBSD or OpenBSD instead of GNU/Linux.
         | Either follow your arguments to their conclusions, or
         | understand that Windows/macOS users are doing the same thing as
         | you--making practical tradeoffs.
         | 
         | The world is not black and white! There are degrees to which
         | people behave, and there is a spectrum of behaviour that abides
         | by certain principals and doesn't. I had someone say to me
         | recently that they didn't believe there are 'ethical people',
         | instead people make use of the opportunities presented to them.
         | This isn't true and is more a sign of how they've justified
         | their own life choices.
         | 
         | > 3. Unless you are doing tons of system administration on your
         | daily driver, most of your time is spent in applications, and
         | the choice of operating system doesn't matter too much.
         | 
         | I, like many people, tend to use more than one application, so
         | I find the OS does matter. On Windows 10, when I hit the start
         | bar, and start typing the name of an application I want to
         | launch, I really do care when the bar sits there loading up,
         | scraping internet data to show me its suggested apps and
         | adverts.
        
       | timvisee wrote:
       | I must admit, I love 'Linux evenings'. I learn so so much in
       | them.
        
       | mkl95 wrote:
       | I have had my share of Linux Evenings. They built my confidence
       | when it comes to troubleshooting system stuff, and they eroded my
       | confidence in Linux for a while. Things are incredibly stable
       | these days compared to even half a decade ago.
        
         | INeedMoreRam wrote:
         | Which do you think is more clear? Half a decade ago? Or, 5
         | years ago?
        
         | prmoustache wrote:
         | The good thing is after an evening you usually find a solution.
         | 
         | While one some proprietary systems the solution is usually "you
         | are fucked deal with it".
         | 
         | Having said that it has been litterally years since I had this
         | kind of problem. Checking if people have issues with devices on
         | linux distros before buying actually works really well. I just
         | don't buy the things that don't work. Kind of like checking at
         | the back of the box if it is <insert os of choice> compatible.
        
       | cryptonector wrote:
       | > > Out of curiosity, how did you come up with this solution?
       | 
       | > The author, dkozel, never came back to answer. I imagine they
       | typed the solution on a 40% keyboard featuring unmarked keys and
       | then rolled into the sunset on a Segway for which they had
       | compiled the kernel themselves. Completely oblivious of their
       | awesomeness and of how many people would later find solace in
       | their prose.
       | 
       | Here's how I would have started to find the answer:
       | 1. Open https://lxr.linux.no/, search for          "No bus number
       | available for hot-added bridge"       2. Open the three files it
       | finds.       3. ^F that same string in each file, then notice
       | that
       | https://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v6.0.9/drivers/pci/probe.c#L3336
       | is it.       4. Chase down `dev->bus->busn_ref->end`.
       | Er, well, this step is hard because `end` is          so generic.
       | 5. git clone linux and use cscope to index it.       6. Search
       | for assignments to `end`, filtering with          egrep for bus
       | and pci.       7. Weed through it all until I find
       | https://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v6.0.9/drivers/pci/probe.c#L2964
       | 8. Search for assignments to `pci_hotplug_bus_size`, find
       | https://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v6.0.9/drivers/pci/pci.c#L6882
       | 9. Search for `pci_hotplug_bus_size` and also find
       | https://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v6.0.9/Documentation/admin-
       | guide/kernel-parameters.txt#L4267          which says:
       | hpbussize=nn    The minimum amount of additional bus numbers
       | reserved for buses below a hotplug bridge.
       | Default is 1.
       | 
       | But @dkozel probably just knew the answer.
       | 
       | I do find it hard to believe that the default for this setting is
       | 1 though!
        
         | mmastrac wrote:
         | Does this just mean that they added 51 additional bus numbers?
         | 
         | I am curious if the kernel could just bump this number up,
         | especially if Thunderbolt is getting more popular.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | In my experience Linux is easy.
       | 
       | Easy to install. Easy to upgrade. Never breaks. Never gets
       | "infected". Fast.
       | 
       | The absence of commercial bullshit is extremely nice too.
       | 
       | (I like Debian)
       | 
       | (Is it just me or is there a lot of FUD in this thread?)
        
         | INeedMoreRam wrote:
         | There is always fear, uncertainty, doubt on HN when speaking
         | about the benefits of Linux, Firefox, Brave, or Musk.
         | 
         | My propositions, which aren't in vogue on this site:
         | 
         | My Kubuntu system is rock solid and never crashes. Firefox is
         | still a performant world-class browser. Brave's crypto can be
         | disabled and the browser is world-class. And Elon Musk isn't
         | the devil.
        
         | pxc wrote:
         | > (Is it just me or is there a lot of FUD in this thread?)
         | 
         | Lots and lots of 'this is why I haven't used Linux for N years
         | (and thus don't know what it's like)'.
         | 
         | I have to use Windows at work, and the system is way, way less
         | predictable and reliable then any Linux system I've run for a
         | decade. Shit changes out from underneath me (Windows Update,
         | policy changes) in breaking ways _all the time_ , and there's
         | often no rest to inspect or reverse what causes breakage. For
         | every 'evening of Linux' I've had on my life, I have a few
         | 'afternoons of Windows' (mostly hopelessly, blindly turning
         | things off and on again) every week.
         | 
         | When I ask colleagues who are my more accustomed to Windows
         | than I am about how to solve issues, how to achieve particular
         | configurations, or how Windows does certain things, it becomes
         | clear that actually managing their workstations like
         | comprehensible devices which are substantially under their own
         | control is a foregone conclusion to them.
         | 
         | The reality for Windows users is not a system that actually
         | 'just works', but a deeply internalized helplessness that
         | manifests as conservatism (attempting little, assuming many
         | reasonable configurations are not possible), superstition
         | (attempting and advising reboots, constantly, without being
         | able to articulate a real reason), and blindness to the
         | outrageousness of the situation (e.g., thinking it's perfectly
         | acceptable that their laptop can't handle an uptime of 4 days
         | before it starts falling apart, or 'I always shut my laptop all
         | the way down at the end of the day so it'll run better').
         | 
         | It's no wonder that people conditioned by this kind of usage
         | pattern don't have a sense of what reliability or mastery look
         | like in the Linux world, how frequently issues like this do or
         | don't occur, how easy or hard they are to avoid, etc. They live
         | on a different planet, where mastery in desktop computing is
         | worthless because there's just no hope for a predictable,
         | transparent system that doesn't change out from under your
         | feet. It'll just break tomorrow anyway. And on their planet, it
         | doesn't occur to anyone to research hardware compatibility
         | ahead of time; they never need to. So of course the thought of
         | spending an evening rooting out a hardware incompatibility
         | issue strikes them as some mixture of futile, extremely
         | burdensome, and unavoidable/common for those poor Linux users--
         | even when _none_ of those things are true.
        
         | ZekeSulastin wrote:
         | I kind of feel like there's more replies that can be distilled
         | down to "If you prefer anything over Linux for any reason
         | you're just dumb", honestly.
        
       | Arainach wrote:
       | >When I emerge from these "Linux evenings", I wonder if the real
       | problem is my attitude
       | 
       | Put another way, "after I'm done being abused, I wonder if it's
       | my fault".
        
       | postit wrote:
       | That's where Linux burned all the bridges on being my main
       | machine.
       | 
       | Nowadays, I cannot afford to take a day off to fix obscure
       | incompatibilities like this.
       | 
       | The last straw to me was when I stored my closed lid xps in a bag
       | and 3 hours later everything was smelling like burning plastic
       | because the computer suspend suddenly stoped working. To get
       | things worst, it happened during a long haul flight.
        
         | eythian wrote:
         | I seem to recall Dell saying that you should never store a
         | suspended laptop in a laptop bag, because there are situations
         | where it might wake up and overheat.
        
           | velox_neb wrote:
           | > I seem to recall Dell saying that you should never store a
           | suspended laptop in a laptop bag, because there are
           | situations where it might wake up and overheat.
           | 
           | Which is the stupidest thing ever. I want to see Apple use
           | this to shame Dell in ad.
        
           | vq wrote:
           | You recall correctly.
           | 
           | https://www.dell.com/community/XPS/FAQ-Modern-
           | Standby/td-p/7...
        
         | JW_00000 wrote:
         | Suspend on my MacBook Pro also didn't work for >1 year, but
         | seems to be magically fixed now. All OSes have annoying bugs in
         | my experience.
        
       | blmayer wrote:
       | I am getting a 500 status code.
        
       | npteljes wrote:
       | If OP used Windows exclusively, he'd have Windows evenings.
       | There's tools that people complain about, and tools that people
       | don't use.
        
         | yCombLinks wrote:
         | Windows just works without a hassle far more often than any
         | linux distro I've installed.
        
           | kingboss wrote:
           | Shhh... don't tell that to the rabid fanbois. They will tear
           | you apart. LINUX IS THE BEST GO LINUX GO!
           | 
           | Hopefully this will calm them down.
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | This reasoning implies that every OS is equally buggy in ways
         | that impact usability. I think this is likely untrue.
         | 
         | I don't think it really matters if windows bugs exist, but how
         | often they occur and impact use of the tool.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | That implication would be a bad one, but in the specific case
           | of a bland Linux distro (let's say Debian) vs. Windows I
           | haven't ever seen much difference between the number of
           | problems you run into.
           | 
           | The major difference for me is that Linux problems are always
           | theoretically operator-fixable i.e. the information needed to
           | fix your problem is available to you, even if you're not
           | technical enough to understand it. The means to fix Windows
           | problems are frequently not accessible at all, anywhere.
           | 
           | While I've had plenty of Linux evenings, I've had stuff
           | broken on Windows that stretched into _weeks_ until I finally
           | gave up and reinstalled.
        
         | nearlyepic wrote:
         | Yeah. Anecdotally I once spent a "Windows Evening" trying to
         | figure out why a game would freeze at the controls remapping
         | menu. Found out that Windows' own game controllers menu was
         | experiencing the same freeze. I went so far as to reinstall
         | Windows entirely, only to find that the issue wasn't resolved.
         | Started disconnecting devices out of desperation, only to find
         | out that the issue was caused by the driver of a USB DAC I had
         | connected...
         | 
         | Computers suck, in general. I have a hard time seeing an
         | attempt to leverage blame on Windows or Linux as anything but
         | an excuse to start a flame war.
        
       | nicoco wrote:
       | > I spent several hours fixing a problem and I learned next to
       | nothing in the process.
       | 
       | This is probably true for this specific case here, but my
       | experience with fixing stuff in Linux is actually the opposite. I
       | learnt a lot doing so, and learnt stuff that turned out to be
       | later useful in very unexpected spots.
       | 
       | Back when I was a teen and using Windows, I've spent countless
       | hours fiddling in stuff in regedit and other atrocities and it
       | feels like I never learnt anything useful in the long run.
        
         | mattpallissard wrote:
         | > but my experience with fixing stuff in Linux is actually the
         | opposite. I learnt a lot doing so, and learnt stuff that turned
         | out to be later useful in very unexpected spots.
         | 
         | Same, in fact it's how I fell ass-backwards into my career
         | path.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | revolvingocelot wrote:
         | Usually my go-to for "Linux problems" is "tear down the VM and
         | start a new one", but a few days ago my Manjaro rig at home
         | lost power, and bluetooth wouldn't work upon restart. I wracked
         | my brain, pored through forum threads, man pages, and LFS, but
         | nothing really helped. It looked like several different
         | problems at once, but none of the individual fixes worked, or
         | only worked for minutes at a time. I stepped away from the
         | problem for a while, as one does, while I mused about the way
         | troubleshooting works, and how my early life with Windows and
         | now modern containerization has predisposed me to certain types
         | of solu-- wait, I've got it! rmmod the bluetooth modules,
         | modprobe 'em back in. Everything worked flawlessly. I'm not
         | sure what I learned.
         | 
         | *sigh*
        
           | deltarholamda wrote:
           | >I'm not sure what I learned.
           | 
           | "Have you tried turning it off and on again?"
        
             | ectopod wrote:
             | Exactly. My tendency is to jump in and try to root cause
             | problems but nowadays the most productive solution is
             | almost always some kind of a restart.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ragingrobot wrote:
             | I've done this enough, but don't stop there as it's likely
             | to happen again. When I resort to such a solution, I take a
             | look at the syslogs. More often than not, something there
             | will tell me why a simple restart of a service, module,
             | whatever was the answer.
             | 
             | I had a similar problem as the article with a standard USB
             | 3 enclosure. Two PCs, identical OS (oS Tumbleweed), same
             | kernel version even. modprobe -r then modprobe usbstorage
             | and it worked. An obscure error in the logs pointed to the
             | uas module which for some reason failed to reload, enabling
             | the enclosure to work.
             | 
             | Oddly, the other PC on which it worked was loading uas.
        
             | anonymousDan wrote:
             | I always refer to this as Computer Science 101.
        
         | dm319 wrote:
         | Yes, I remember, even up until very recently, having to google
         | help on Windows. You'd get webpages full of adverts with a
         | heading '12 ways to fix Win10 freezing during upgrade bug!'.
         | And the first two would be something like 'switch it off and on
         | again', 'try again', 'reconnect to your wifi'.
         | 
         | I always felt I could dive deeper with linux problems _if I
         | wanted to_, and that weirdly gives me some confidence that I
         | can fix it.
        
           | harywilke wrote:
           | And after you scroll past the obvious solutions, "Install our
           | Fix-O-Matic software for $29.99!" because the page is
           | actually an advertisement cloaked as a help page.
        
         | antihero wrote:
         | Linux is like driving a car with your hands in the engine
        
           | swayvil wrote:
           | This contradicts my experience.
           | 
           | I use Linux every day and I never touch the engine.
           | 
           | I also set up Linux for computer-illiterate old ladies. They
           | love it.
        
             | freeplay wrote:
             | Out of curiosity, what distro do you use and what is your
             | distro of choice for the old ladies?
        
               | ronjouch wrote:
               | Not OP, but chiming in nevertheless, as I do also _" set
               | up Linux for computer-illiterate old ladies"_.
               | 
               | They all roll Debian stable with unattended_upgrades and
               | it's an absolute joy of stability.
               | 
               | Not that I would use Debian stable for _my_ personal
               | machines: _I_ want the latest shiniest and I want to be
               | close to upstream to report bugs when they 're fresh and
               | easy to fix by the maintainer (yes, "I use arch btw"
               | indeed), but for "computer-illiterate" people, stability
               | trumps everything else.
               | 
               | The "computer illiterate" isn't amused by constant
               | breaking behavior / visual changes. They want the thing
               | to work reliably and unsurprisingly. Debian delivers this
               | and never breaks. Once every major dist-upgrade I review
               | changes with them, and they're good to go until next
               | time.
        
               | bradwood wrote:
               | what about Fedora workstation for the old-lady use case?
               | I'm about to give my 12 year old non-technical daughter a
               | linux laptop, and wondering on distro. I'm thinking
               | Fedora but open to be convinced otherwise?
        
               | chungy wrote:
               | Pick something you're willing to maintain. Stable
               | releases tend to reduce maintenance and surprises.
        
               | ronjouch wrote:
               | For your daughter tinkering with a distro, yeah Fedora
               | sounds awesome :)
               | 
               | For the old ladies, no: Fedora has a short release cycle,
               | and no LTS; not great for maximal stability. _" a version
               | of Fedora is usually supported for at least 13 months"_ (
               | https://endoflife.date/fedora ), while Debian is
               | security-supported at least 5 years! (
               | https://endoflife.date/debian )
               | 
               | Debian's whole project architecture & release cycle is
               | built towards being stable bedrock, I see virtually no
               | reason to use anything else if you aim at max. stability
               | and don't care about running old (but still secure!)
               | software.
        
               | freeplay wrote:
               | Nice. What is your go to desktop environment for them?
        
               | swayvil wrote:
               | Mate
        
               | ronjouch wrote:
               | - Generally, GNOME with the dash-to-panel/dash-to-dock
               | extension-du-jour to have a left-side panel with app
               | buttons (so, a "Ubuntu/Unity"-like look). It baffles me
               | how stock GNOME still insists not to provide a
               | left/bottom "dock" / task switcher as a built-in option,
               | and force you to go to the menu every time you want to
               | access / switch to an app, but here we are with
               | extensions oO.
               | 
               | - That being said, a well-configured/simplified Plasma
               | these would certainly be all well (or not, see my final
               | paragraph below about locking things down; GNOME is less
               | infinitely configurable than KDE/Plasma, so there's less
               | room for user fuckup). Also I'm certainly biased towards
               | GNOME because that's what I choose to use for my
               | machines. Also also, I go where there are the most
               | eyeballs (again, for stability & maximal guarantee that
               | bugs are seen), and for now it's GNOME.
               | 
               | - Exception: one grandma has a particularly old laptop
               | (x86-32 old :D) with meager RAM, so for her setup I went
               | with MATE. I hesitated between LxQt and MATE, tried both,
               | and MATE (at the time) seemed a tad more polished.
               | 
               | Finally, since I have your interest and GUIs are a
               | subject I love ranting about, one more thing you need to
               | do when setting up an old ladies machine, is to LOCK DOWN
               | ALL THE THINGS YOU CAN:
               | 
               | - LibreOffice toolbars that can be accidentally dragged,
               | then maybe dragged offscreen or closed? LOCK THEM.
               | 
               | - Thunderbird folder column titles that will change email
               | ordering if accidentally clicked? HIDE THEM with
               | userChrome.css until
               | https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=237051 is
               | fixed.
               | 
               | - Etc etc, when I'm done provisioning such a machine, I
               | spend an hour playing with it and wondering _" How could
               | someone haphazardly clicking and dragging everywhere
               | break/mismanage this?"_ , and I disable/lock/hide
               | everything I can. There is a million configurable /
               | breakable things that we power users don't imagine being
               | confusing to a user, because we know the features and
               | we're precise at clicking on stuff. But to non-
               | computerists, these things are veeeeery confusing!
               | They'll email you with a gibberish issue description when
               | invoked accidentally, and when it happens too often they
               | get scared. There's potential to build a whole
               | distribution aimed at such users, with everything
               | properly locked down.
        
               | nephanth wrote:
               | For thunderbird column header, there is an extension that
               | locks them (unless you're ctrl+clicking them)
               | 
               | Might be more intuitive than locking them?
        
               | ronjouch wrote:
               | Thanks! Yup, if you look at the bugzilla link I shared
               | above, you'll see I mention this extension in the last
               | comment:
               | https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=237051#c11 .
               | 
               | I couldn't check it as I run Tb _beta_ (which the
               | extension doesn 't support last time I check), but I
               | might give it a try next time I maintain one of these
               | machines ..... or not:
               | 
               | 0. They never ever need to click it to re-order. Why
               | bother with an unneeded feature?
               | 
               | 1. Extensions break! UserChrome.css too, but maybe less
               | so :) , and a CSS rule is simpler/smaller in added
               | complexity & potential for bugs than an extension.
               | 
               | 2. Also, hiding the columns means one less bit of chrome
               | to read/parse. Hiding stuff avoids misclicks, but also
               | increases GUI legibility for people with bad eyesight.
        
               | tempest_ wrote:
               | Honestly if you have older hardware, like a couple years
               | old most of the most popular distros are pretty stable.
               | 
               | Ubuntu on hardware a few years old will chug along
               | without issues more often than not especially if you are
               | just using it as a glorified thin client for Chrome which
               | is an increasingly large base of users.
               | 
               | There are of course some gotchas with things like
               | integrated graphics and dedicated graphics in laptops or
               | some device drivers for peripherals like printers (it is
               | still linux after all, year of the linux desktop any year
               | now aha)
        
               | lrvick wrote:
               | I have been setting up Ubuntu for non-technical folks for
               | a decade. Chromebooks work great too, but I cannot
               | justify recommending them given the proprietary Google
               | bits included. De-Googled chromeos would probably suffice
               | for most people though.
        
               | swayvil wrote:
               | Debian and Debian.
        
             | themaninthedark wrote:
             | Contradicts my experience as well.
             | 
             | I started out using DOS in the mid 90's to play games, used
             | Windows 3.1, skipped over to 98SE then XP and 7.
             | 
             | I have used Macs before, not enough to make an impression.
             | 
             | I tried Linux back when I was in collage during the XP days
             | but it always seemed to need more tweaking than my XP
             | install and the lack of gaming kept me on Windows.
             | 
             | Currently I am running Linux Mint. I install the OS and go.
             | No need to tweak or mess with command line.
             | 
             | I am not that interested in which OS I am running aside
             | from the fact that I dislike telemetry and forced updates.
             | I want the OS to get our of the way so that I can do
             | whatever I am trying to do, Linux seems to be there now. It
             | feels like Windows has regressed, with setting pages buried
             | in 5 different places.
        
             | seanw444 wrote:
             | Some people just don't like the Linux (or Unix) way of
             | doing things. I personally can't understand the
             | predisposition against it, but hey, whatever works for them
             | I guess.
        
               | swayvil wrote:
               | For your average user it's exactly the same desktop as
               | windows and mac : there's menus and icons, you click on
               | stuff, there's a browser... What's this "way" that they
               | don't like?
               | 
               | They don't like free, stable and fast? They don't like
               | how it isn't going after your wallet every 5 minutes?
               | 
               | It's gotta be propaganda at work. It's the only
               | explanation.
        
             | naikrovek wrote:
             | > I also set up Linux for computer-illiterate old ladies.
             | They love it.
             | 
             | I think you're trying to say that they don't have problems
             | with the browser, and maybe an email client. If they're
             | computer-illiterate, they don't know enough about an
             | operating system to have an opinion at all, other than
             | being happy about it turning on and off when they want.
             | 
             | Don't mistake that for loving Linux, because it is not
             | really praise of Linux, it is praise for a computer that
             | works well enough to run a web browser, which is an
             | extremely low bar.
        
               | lrvick wrote:
               | Linux can manage a browser, and email client, and a word
               | processor, on a early 2000s computer found for $50 at a
               | thrift store.
               | 
               | Meanwhile the latest supported versions of MacOS or
               | Windows will not work on such a machine. Those ecosystems
               | demand you continually buy new hardware.
               | 
               | I think is -is- Linux they love here.
        
           | nicoco wrote:
           | Can I steal this? I just started a microblogging career and
           | it's too good.
        
           | JP_Watts wrote:
           | And thinking "why doesn't everybody want to do this?"
        
           | lrvick wrote:
           | Windows is like driving a car that is actually a city bus
           | full of hostile randos that take a lot of effort to
           | constantly remove.
           | 
           | MacOS is like driving a car by yelling at the driver from the
           | kids seat in the back.
           | 
           | In the end, learning how an engine works to maintain one
           | myself is not so bad.
        
         | nebulous1 wrote:
         | I think the issue is that frequently the problem is with a
         | small part of a complex subsystem that you don't understand (or
         | perhaps didn't even know existed) before something went wrong.
         | This sort of problem is extremely time consuming to debug via
         | "properly" learning about the system, so you end up (much like
         | Fabien) taking a fix from somewhere without fully understanding
         | it.
         | 
         | There's also a timing issue. Often when something goes wrong
         | it's at a random time when I'm probably intending to do
         | something else. I don't want to put off that other thing even
         | more by taking a "slower" route to fixing the issue.
         | 
         | You can of course still learn a lot along the way, as you say.
         | So, it's not all lost, but it does seem sub-optimal.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Part of it is the binary config nature of Regedit though. I
           | can't, from first or second principles, reason about which
           | binary key to flip in order to change the behavior I'm
           | looking for. Was it HKLM/ffebdcaaf, or HKLM/afbedccfh?
           | Meanwhile if, eg dns got broken on my Linux box, there's a
           | series of config files and daemons to check in order to
           | figure out what's broken and then to get it working again.
           | There's no way to learn anything with Regedit other than
           | knowing you can just Google for the name of the key to set by
           | looking up the problem.
        
             | ddulaney wrote:
             | Eh, having worked with both systems, I'd say they're
             | roughly equally impenetrable. For sure, the registry sucks.
             | But at least it's uniform and scriptable. Once you know
             | what needs to be changed, you can write a .reg file and be
             | reasonably confident it will at least change the registry
             | in a valid way.
             | 
             | On the other hand, if the solution to a problem on Linux is
             | to change some dotfile controlling some daemon, reliably
             | scripting it can be difficult to impossible. Did the distro
             | put the config file somewhere weird? Is awk good enough
             | here? What if the key I'm looking to update is found in a
             | comment, and what is the commenting structure for this file
             | anyway? What if the daemon rewrites its config file on exit
             | [0]? Or has a config file with an extremely complex format
             | [1]? Or I need to poke several /sys files in a particular
             | order [2]?
             | 
             | Both systems are hard to reason about, especially if you
             | don't know them. But Linux isn't easy to approach for the
             | first time, and there are advantages to the way Windows
             | does things.
             | 
             | [0]: https://askubuntu.com/questions/251797/transmission-
             | daemon-k... [1]: https://www.sudo.ws/docs/man/1.8.15/sudoer
             | s.man/#SUDOERS_FIL... [2]:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-IWMbJXoLM
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | I think the two problem spaces are slightly different.
           | 
           | - for windows, the problem is solved by:                 1)
           | common sense troubleshooting       2) web search for the
           | problem       3) ask the developer
           | 
           | - for linux, you also get:                 4) break out the
           | source       5) push an update
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | I think unless one uses Linux on daily basis it's really
         | difficult to sink in the knowledge. I decided to install an
         | Archlinux VM and see what happens.
         | 
         | I'm kinda disappointed to myself as I found out I didn't like
         | too much trouble so I'll probably never be a good/great
         | programmer.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Installing Arch is much closer to system administration than
           | programming - they may be related somewhat and attractive to
           | similar people; but you can be a quite successful programmer
           | and barely be able to install Ubuntu.
           | 
           | I know people who have written _kernel-level Linux drivers_
           | who have difficulty upgrading macOS. They 're separate
           | skillsets.
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | Thanks for sharing. I'm a bit surprised about the second
             | paragraph but then I realize it is indeed two skillsets.
             | 
             | I think I'm split between career growth and hobby. My
             | career is much closer to a sys admin/devops than a low
             | level programmer, but my hobby probably is closer to the
             | later. Of course it could be just my fancy about low level
             | programming that fascinates me as after all I have never
             | done any low level programming except some entry level MCU
             | programming.
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | >I'm a bit surprised about the second paragraph but then
               | I realize it is indeed two skillsets.
               | 
               | I started out my career on the sysadmin side of things
               | before becoming a developer and that doesn't surprise me
               | at all. Most devs I work with have little to no
               | understanding of things like file permissions, how
               | networking works beyond making HTTP calls with
               | $SomeRequestLibrary in their programming language of
               | choice, or how services/daemons work in Windows/Linux.
        
             | channel_t wrote:
             | I was going to say, I know a lot of programmers, maybe even
             | most, who avoid Linux like the plague because they don't
             | want to waste cognitive cycles on fixing their broken
             | machines. I have found myself in this same place after a
             | solid 12 years or so of Linux use for pretty much
             | everything, home, work, etc. I honestly kinda want to get
             | back into it, but there are other priorities. As long as I
             | have access to some kind of unix-y command line from
             | somewhere I'm good.
        
           | miloignis wrote:
           | I wouldn't write it off just yet, at least if you want to be
           | a good programmer! While there might be some correlation,
           | there's plenty of fantastic programmers who don't want the
           | hassle and want to focus on a specific problem and just use
           | Windows/macOS and an easy to setup/low configuration editor.
           | One particularly great TA I had in college comes to mind...
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | Thanks, but I actually wanted to learn low level stuffs, or
             | I thought I wanted. Anyway I'll see what happens. So far
             | nothing really clicks for me but if that's it then that's
             | it.
        
               | diego_sandoval wrote:
               | People say "Arch makes you learn how Linux really works",
               | but I don't think that's a good way to put it.
               | 
               | Arch teaches you about the most boring parts of how linux
               | works: the specific idiosyncrasies and configuration
               | minutiae of a ton of libraries and programs (GNU
               | coreutils, systemd, udev, mesa, glib, X11, Xlib, xdg,
               | dbus, etc.)
               | 
               | Arch will usually not teach you the really interesting
               | "low level" things about Linux: How the kernel works, how
               | threads are created, etc.
        
               | tehnub wrote:
               | I'd say it teaches you how to use Linux. It's not the
               | particular details of each config file, but the fact that
               | there _are_ config files, and where to look for them. By
               | the end of an Arch install, you know at least 85% of how
               | to manage your system, and wiki will take you to let 's
               | say 98%.
        
               | reshie wrote:
               | gentoo gets pretty close for a full OS system.
        
               | tmtvl wrote:
               | No it doesn't. But that's fine, it's not the point of a
               | distro to teach you about interrupts and syscalls and all
               | that nonsense, the point of a distro is to give you
               | software to install. That said, Gentoo does do a good job
               | of teaching you how annoying it is to try and figure out
               | exactly which kernel options you need to activate to get
               | a working system. I always run out of patience before I
               | get it working, though (yes, I know about _make
               | localmodconfig_ ).
        
               | nequo wrote:
               | What types of low-level things did you want to learn?
               | 
               | A lot of what seem low-level in Linux are implementation-
               | specific things. For example, how you set up wifi or how
               | you manage your firewall. Knowledge of these things gives
               | you less long-lived and less transferable skills than
               | knowledge of protocols like TCP/IP which is shared by
               | everything that is plugged to the internet. It doesn't
               | make you a better programmer, unless these daemons and
               | tools are what you want to write software for.
               | 
               | Also, your options are not only Arch Linux and
               | Windows/Mac. There are more desktop-ready distributions,
               | too, like Ubuntu or Fedora. Linux lets you still inspect
               | the plumbing if you install one of those.
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | > What types of low-level things did you want to learn?
               | 
               | To be honest, I've dabbed in a lot of low level stuffs
               | but never went deep enough to make any impact, career-
               | wise at least. For example I completed a full course on
               | MCU programming, completed the first half of nand2tetris,
               | read the first few hundreds of pages of "Beginner Reverse
               | Engineering" (basically the part that teaches one to
               | recognize C from decompiled assembly code), and many
               | others. My most recent low level adventure was the book
               | "Practical Binary Analysis" which I planned to use the
               | whole holiday to push maybe a few chapters.
               | 
               | But I never drilled deep enough into any of the topics. I
               | believe I have the brain to drill at least a few more
               | chapters deeper for any of them, but I don't have the
               | mental power to do it. I secretly want someone to put me
               | into some sort of prison and keep me from getting out
               | until I completed all previous projects and learnings.
               | But of course I need to figure out a way to deal with the
               | problem.
               | 
               | Anyway, really appreciate your answer, and probably I'll
               | still install Archlinux, play with it a few days and then
               | lose interest -- just another failed project to spend
               | time.
        
         | nektro wrote:
         | and this article will now be much more higher in Google results
         | for the next person searching :)
        
       | Pr0ject217 wrote:
       | I would title the article "A thunderbolt evening". I haven't had
       | great experiences with Thunderbolt even on Windows. ^_^
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Many people don't realize thunderbolt is an incredibly low-
         | level and complex protocol/setup. It's not like USB or
         | firewire, it's an entire additional PCI bus thing.
         | 
         | It's surprising it works anywhere near as well as it does.
        
       | bryanlarsen wrote:
       | This is prototypical of the standard Linux experience, but I'd
       | like to remark on just how much less common this sort of thing
       | is. Modern Linux and modern Linux distributions have a much
       | larger "just work" factor and it's getting better every year in
       | my experience. Slowly and asymptotically, but it is improvement.
       | 
       | This was driven home recently by my experience switching to
       | NixOS. NixOS is brilliant in many ways, but boy are there
       | papercuts everywhere. It's all soluble but it is annoying. 25
       | years ago this sort of fiddling was fun, but now it's just
       | tedious.
        
         | makz wrote:
         | Been hearing "modern Linux is much better" since the 00s
        
           | asoneth wrote:
           | In my experience this is true and Linux has come a long way.
           | But given how far it has yet to go it may continue to be true
           | for the next couple decades as well.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | When you're comparing against Linux from 1995, it's not a
           | high bar to hurdle.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | I too am 100% burnt from a quarter of a century of random
         | "Linux evenings". I've concluded that GNU Linux will always be
         | a great CLI server OS, however those past 25 years has soured
         | me into calling the Linux Desktop a toy. I'm 100% done
         | investing my time solving issues just like this one. The
         | biggest lesson I've learned is to simply not trust it to be a
         | daily driver.
        
         | ho_schi wrote:
         | As user I would just return the device back and purchase a
         | reliable USB based device.
         | 
         | As a Mac-user would do?
         | 
         | I guess a Windows-User would just rate [1/5] stars and don't
         | even research.
         | 
         | We should keep in mind:
         | 
         | Linux users care a lot and do research. Most other will just
         | say "nope" and leave it a issue for the manufacturer or keep
         | turning it off and on again. What I don't know is if the
         | initial situation is to blame upon Linux, Intel (Thunderbolt),
         | device manufacturer or all of them. We have valuable post a the
         | top explaining PCIe-Pause on MacOS and that Linux tries to
         | apply a similar mitigation?
         | 
         | Apple:                    Because Thunderbolt allows the
         | addition and removal of arbitrary numbers of peripherals
         | connected in arbitrary topologies, the task of dividing up the
         | PCI tree's address space can be challenging. Sometimes,
         | particularly when large numbers of devices are attached, it is
         | possible to exhaust portions of that address space. When this
         | happens, a new device cannot be enabled without moving existing
         | devices.               To solve this problem, OS X v10.9
         | supports PCIe Pause--a special power management state in which
         | all driver and device operations are temporarily suspended.
         | Whenever address space exhaustion occurs, OS X may ask drivers
         | to pause operations. After the drivers are paused, OS X changes
         | the address space layout of the paused devices to make room for
         | new devices, and then tells the drivers to resume normal
         | operation
         | 
         | Oh.                   If your driver does not explicitly
         | declare support for pausing, your driver will never receive
         | pause requests. As a result, devices may fail to appear when
         | the user plugs in additional devices, particularly on hardware
         | with multiple Thunderbolt ports. For this reason, you are
         | strongly encouraged to support this functionality as soon as
         | possible.
         | 
         | Ouch. On Linux this shouldn't be an big issue because the
         | kernel provides them.
         | 
         | From the mentioned Linux patches:                   Currently
         | PCI hotplug works on top of resources which are usually
         | reserved:         by BIOS, bootloader, firmware, or by the
         | kernel (pci=hpmemsize=XM). These resources are gaps in the
         | address space where BARs of new devices may fit, and extra bus
         | number per port, so bridges can be hot-added. This series aim
         | the BARs problem: it shows the kernel how to redistribute them
         | on the run, so the hotplug becomes predictable and cross-
         | platform.
         | 
         | Fits into what Apple describes. The patch for Linux would be
         | helpful. And I've the feeling that the approach Intel has
         | chosen to add TB upon PCIE isn't bulletproof?
        
           | oneplane wrote:
           | I don't think that really fits together. PCIe (and PCI)
           | hotplug has existed for a while and topology changes aren't
           | new either. ExpressCard for example has done this, as has
           | PCMCIA. Older RDMA buses did this too, as do backplane-based
           | industrial PCs of which there are a really large amount.
           | 
           | I suspect that end-user smoothness based on 'the user is not
           | required to know everything' that makes the likes of Apple
           | implement bus pausing for dynamic topology assignment and BAR
           | adjustment is not available in Linux land because there
           | simply isn't a big enough overlap of people to make this a
           | hot topic.
           | 
           | You need:                 1. A person who understands how
           | this works       2. A person who understands what they want
           | to use it for       3. A person who understands what person 1
           | has to do so person 2 can use it
           | 
           | Usually you get 1 or 2, sometimes both, but almost never 3
           | except at places like Canonical, RedHat, SuSE etc. because
           | it's too much of an analyst role and not enough of a "I need
           | it for myself and I can build it" role.
           | 
           | Similar but different problems exist in other software areas
           | like when person "3" is split in "business", "end-user" and
           | "licensing" with competing interests. That's where you get
           | the NT kernel which gets split into arbitrary partitions
           | where based on an integer configuration it may or may not
           | want to address your RAM.
           | 
           | Same goes for the old "aperture size" for GPU memory
           | transfers, and later on the BAR resize support. It was never
           | 'hard' to implement, it's just that IBV's didn't bother and
           | mainboard manufacturers didn't care. Yet it was always
           | available and even Tianocore EDK2, Apple's own EFI and (for
           | some reason) BIOS and UEFI from Quanta and Supermicro all did
           | support it just fine. Same goes for KMS and non-blink GPU
           | switchovers where AMD, NVDA and Intel used to constantly sell
           | it as 'impossible' and we all just accepted that. Yet KMS,
           | the MobileFramebuffer (and the old AppleTV Gen 1) and even
           | VesaFB showed that it's totally possible and it's just
           | everyone using the same joke sample implementation from the
           | vendor that's causing it.
           | 
           | Another example would be VESA where DisplayPort topology
           | changes on the control channel side do similar things to PCIe
           | bus pausing. The display controllers and bus drivers should
           | pause on hot plug to let the host decide on the new topology,
           | but implementing that costs time and effort, and you need to
           | have some in-depth knowledge on both the hardware and
           | software side, so lots of companies don't bother. Result:
           | some host+display combinations only work after restarting
           | either end to force it to re-discover the current topology.
           | This even happens in 1:1 topology scenarios where a simple
           | GPU driver update might restart the host bus and the display
           | ignores it and simply stops receiving data until the watchdog
           | timer restarts the embedded processor causing the screen to
           | blink. I'd just dumb low-quality choices and corner-cutting
           | that causes this.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | I wonder if this is why some of my monitors don't come back
           | on after sleep. Is there a way to tell if macOS did the pause
           | via the logs?
        
       | sequoia wrote:
       | This post resonates strongly with me. I love the term "a linux
       | evening." This was precisely my experience when I used Linux full
       | time: mostly it worked great, but then occasionally something
       | wouldn't work (some personal examples: touchpad doesn't work
       | after OS update, wifi card stops working etc.) and then I have to
       | spend a few frustrating hours debugging the issue. All I can
       | think in these moments is "you don't get this time back. Is this
       | really how I want to spend three precious hours of my life, when,
       | if I used a different platform, I could avoid this hassle
       | completely?"
       | 
       | I know it's a tradeoff and I sacrifice a lot to live in my
       | current Macintosh rut, but I just don't have the motivation to be
       | my own DIY tech support wiz after a full day on computers for
       | work.
       | 
       | EDIT: as pointed out by others, one headline takeaway from this
       | is that the author was able to fix the problem _at all_ , which
       | s/he may not have been able to do on Mac/Windows (though it's
       | much less likely the issue would occur in the first place).
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > if I used a different platform, I could avoid this hassle
         | completely?
         | 
         | Where is this mythical platform?
         | 
         | If something like this happened on Windows, you'd just end up
         | clicking around arbitrary settings, googling desperately, and
         | rebooting over and over again, until you reinstalled the entire
         | OS. That option is also available with Linux.
        
         | ThinkingGuy wrote:
         | I was reminded of this XKCD:
         | 
         | https://xkcd.com/349/
        
       | nazgulnarsil wrote:
       | I recently had a Linux evening trying to enable a swap file for
       | pop os that was inexplicably lacking one by default leading to
       | hard locks when I ran out of ram. I eventually fucked the install
       | badly enough that I needed to wipe the boot drive and start
       | fresh. Really disappointing because until then everything was
       | Just Working.
        
       | goosedragons wrote:
       | I had a similar problem on Windows where it suddenly refused to
       | work with any of my USB C ports. Linux could still detect them
       | however. I did manage to get it working by doing a BIOs update on
       | my motherboard since I noticed that the BIOs update notes
       | mentioned "Improved USB compatibility". The weird thing is it
       | worked in the past but I guess some Windows update changed
       | something somewhere.
       | 
       | I think all OSs can experience these kinds of weird problems from
       | time to time.
        
       | kyrofa wrote:
       | > I spent several hours fixing a problem and I learned next to
       | nothing in the process.
       | 
       | This seems like the wrong attitude to me. It's the perfect
       | opportunity to dig into what those kernel params do! Understand
       | _why_ that fixed the problem.
        
       | quijoteuniv wrote:
       | Yes, sometimes you land in these situations in Linux, but many
       | times are self inflicted by unnecesary tinkering. I cannot see
       | why dealing with all the ... unwanted things from windows can
       | ever be better. With mac if it is too new it will not be
       | supported and after a few years you need to upgrade your hardware
       | or are left to die. Apart from being an exclusive system for the
       | rich.
        
         | forrestthewoods wrote:
         | > I cannot see why dealing with all the ... unwanted things
         | from windows can ever be better.
         | 
         | Because the amount of time spent on unwanted Windows things is
         | radically less than the amount of time spent on Linux evenings.
         | 
         | Windows does by and large just work. Every OS has warts and
         | bugs. I want to spend the absolute minimum time on them.
         | 
         | Linux is getting better and may not require too many Linux
         | evenings these days. But that's really only true if you've
         | burned hundreds of hours dealing with increasingly obscure
         | Linux errors.
         | 
         | It's not too hard to understand why different people prefer
         | Linux, Mac, or even Windows. They all have pros and cons.
        
         | komali2 wrote:
         | Nail in the coffin for me yesterday when I restarted my
         | computer to boot into windows and it had a _splash screen_
         | begging me to  "upgrade" to windows 11. I click no, another
         | splash screen begging me in other terms. I click "no"
         | (actually, no, it was probably more like "some other time" or
         | "remind me again in the future"), ANOTHER SPLASH SCREEN.
         | 
         | Mind you I have my grub set to boot into windows by default so
         | that if there's a power outage, my game streaming and backup
         | setup, which is on my windows partition for now, will relaunch
         | if I'm traveling or something. Yet if it had booted into that
         | stupid splash screen, Steam and etc won't have been able to
         | launch, and I'd have been SOL!
         | 
         | I hate windows!!!!! I can't wait to get EVERYTHING onto linux.
         | I have a todo to see about using proton compatibility for
         | desktop gaming, it works great on steam deck. After that the
         | only remaining thing is ableton, and I'll have been completely
         | freed from windows forever!
        
         | sph wrote:
         | This is why I run Fedora Silverblue. My Linux is now an
         | appliance that upgrades atomically. If something breaks, I
         | rollback. Once in a while, I pin a version that is known to
         | work so it never gets garbage collected.
         | 
         | The other day I changed /etc/ld.so.conf and the system would
         | not boot--my fault. I choose the previous deployment in GRUB
         | and I had a working system back.
        
           | rvdca wrote:
           | NixOS feels the same but somehow... I still end up in those
           | Linux evenings but for different reasons...
        
         | badrabbit wrote:
         | A lot of my problems are from tinkering as well but that's why
         | I am using linux, to control it better and tinker with it. Why
         | won't I just use macos if I wanted something I can't tinker
         | with? I think people lose sight if why Linux even exists to
         | begin with, it is all about user control and ability to
         | tinker/hack it.
         | 
         | I think better UX and more configurability would solve this
         | stuff (from a friendly interface). The reason desktop/distro
         | people won't do that is because it is considered bad UX
         | practice to have too many decisions for the user. But imo, a
         | Linux user would be an exception. In an ideal world, whoever
         | decided to disable the boot flag in this case should have
         | provided an easy to access distro/de setting to flip it back
         | on.
        
           | quijoteuniv wrote:
           | Yes, a lot of times when i have <<Linux problems>> is because
           | i am installing it in hardware that was not made for it. For
           | example, old Macs, but usually after an evening i get decent
           | results. Have few old macs with Lunux that work nicely. :)
        
       | johnchristopher wrote:
       | I almost prepped myself up this Friday evening for a solo Debian
       | reinstall party to solve an extremely slow reading/writing on
       | internal hdd/sdd problem until I accidentally realized the
       | problem disappeared once I had removed my external disk from the
       | docking station. Went from 2mb/s to 2gb/s r. and 800mb/s w.
       | 
       | > I spent several hours fixing a problem and I learned next to
       | nothing in the process. This trick is unlikely to be useful
       | again. By the time I encounter something similar, it is likely I
       | will have forgotten about the solution.
       | 
       | So much this.
        
       | pedrocr wrote:
       | I've been trying for a week now to get Windows to properly
       | suspend and stay suspended on a Thinkpad X1. Even after changing
       | the BIOS to "Linux" mode (S3 Sleep), fiddling with drivers and
       | the registry, and issuing powercfg commands it's still flaky. The
       | function keys to change audio settings also work poorly
       | sometimes. These are the kinds of issues we used to have when
       | trying to bring up Linux on a laptop. But now it's flipped. Linux
       | on Thinkpads works great for me out of the box and I even get to
       | set it up just like I want it (e.g., tiling WM).
       | 
       | For my own use I'd have just given up and installed Linux on this
       | machine as well but I have to dogfood this for everyone else in
       | the company. I'm starting to try out using web versions of
       | everything, particularly Microsoft Office, in the hope that
       | ChromeOS is actually a hope for a usable desktop for
       | unsophisticated corporate users.
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | Yeah, I manage Windows and Linux computers at the same time,
         | and Win machines have their fair share of WTFs too. Update is
         | horrible for example, I had two cases over the years where it
         | just borked itself, on systems that have the least amount of
         | tinkering possible - one was even a preinstall by the
         | manufacturer. After many hours or struggle, I found and
         | downloaded the Windows Update Troubleshooter, which fixed the
         | first PC in a short time. But the second time I had this issue,
         | even the troubleshooter gave up, and the system just wouldn't
         | update. Tough luck. Linux at least doesn't treat me like a
         | child that broke a vase in the living room.
        
       | dkozel wrote:
       | Hi folks. :)
       | 
       | I'm so glad that my hit-and-run post has been so useful. After
       | seeing Fabien's blog post I did a quick search and it turns out
       | that the solution has spread fairly broadly to other forums. My
       | choice of 0x33 was arbitrary so makes a nice canary for seeing it
       | spread out. I'm thrilled. Sharing experiences and solutions is so
       | essential to learning. I've benefited enormously from the
       | generosity of open source developers and communities and from
       | individuals documenting pieces of their projects, glad to have
       | raised the ocean a little in return.
       | 
       | My use case was (and remains) having a Xilinx Artix 7 FPGA in an
       | external Thunderbolt 3 enclosure for testing the development of
       | DSP accelerators using open source tooling. I didn't want to have
       | the FPGA board inside the PC to be able to swap it to my laptop
       | easily, because it produces a lot of heat, and so when I misused
       | the PCIe soft core (litePCIe: https://github.com/enjoy-
       | digital/litepcie/) it doesn't take down the OS. Being able to
       | reload the FPGA and effectively hotplug the device has been very
       | helpful.
       | 
       | Since I knew my issue was around hotplugging I searched for
       | information around PCIe hotplugging and I think (it was two years
       | ago...) that I found the answer from one of these two threads.
       | Both mention the option of reserving PCIe addresses for hotplug
       | busses as a workaround, and a workaround was all I needed.
       | 
       | https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-pci/msg64841.html
       | 
       | https://review.coreboot.org/c/coreboot/+/35946
       | 
       | dmesg and the various kernel logs are my first stop for any odd
       | behavior on Linux. Especially with any state change to a device
       | (plugging in, turning on, removing, reconfiguring etc) the kernel
       | logs tend to give invaluable info.
       | 
       | I had already been looking at eGPU forums to choose the
       | Thunderbolt 3 enclosure (ended up with the ORI-SCM2T3-G40-GY) and
       | there were various discussions of hotplugging issues there, but I
       | don't think I found the specific kernel options to fix it there.
       | 
       | Check out this docs page for the kernel parameters:
       | https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html
       | 
       | For the string "pci=realloc,assign-busses,hpbussize=0x33"
       | 
       | `realloc` Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources if
       | allocations done by BIOS are too small to accommodate resources
       | required by all child devices.
       | 
       | assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus numbers ourselves,
       | overriding whatever the firmware may have done.
       | 
       | `hpbussize=nn` The minimum amount of additional bus numbers
       | reserved for buses below a hotplug bridge. Default is 1.
       | 
       | 0x33 (decimal 51) is arbitrary, but large enough that I was
       | unlikely to ever exhaust that address range even with a large
       | number of devices chained together on the Thunderbolt bus. I
       | think (though would have to check) that the address space does
       | get exhausted with multiple hotplug cycles. I haven't hit that
       | issue since I shutdown the computer close to daily to save power.
       | 
       | Sadly, there's no Segway, those things are expensive and I have a
       | long wish list before reaching that point. Currently I'm saving
       | up to get a microscope, I have a large box of RF integrated
       | circuits that I'd like to do some show and tell with on Twitch.
       | :) Also no unmarked 40% keyboard, RSI means I'm a total fanboy of
       | the Microsoft Ergonomic keyboard and the Anker vertical mouse.
       | Cheap and so comfortable. I have done some kernel compiling,
       | mostly to learn more about kernel modules as I've been trying to
       | make the learning curve and user experience of experimenting with
       | FPGAs over PCIe easier. If anyone has some experience with DKMS
       | and creating Debs I'd welcome a chance to chat. Ditto if there's
       | any Debian maintainer with experience packaging kernel modules, I
       | made some headway a while back to repackage linux-gpib but got
       | stalled out on a few of the details of maintaining patches
       | against the upstream.
       | 
       | Cheers and Happy Holidays!
        
         | fabiensanglard wrote:
         | The internet is amazing! The way it allows people to connect,
         | help each other and sometimes also reconnect is heartwarming.
         | 
         | If you have a PayPal account, I will gladly contribute to your
         | microscope fund!
         | 
         | Thank you again, and happy end of year!
        
           | elteto wrote:
           | This has got to be one of the greatest exchanges on the
           | internet, ever! Kudos to you both! And thanks to HN for
           | connecting all of us.
        
           | dkozel wrote:
           | Thanks Fabien!
           | 
           | Also I love all your retro work. I have a NeXTStation Turbo
           | Color that's my retro pride and joy. Have you seen or been
           | involved in any of the Demoscene activities? It's amazing the
           | graphics that people are able to squeeze and abuse out of
           | older hardware.
           | 
           | Off topic, but folks might enjoy Poems for Bugs, a talk where
           | Linus Akesson talks about cycle accurate coding to exploit
           | GPU bugs in the C64.
           | https://www.linusakesson.net/programming/poems-for-
           | bugs/inde...
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | > When I emerge from these "Linux evenings", I wonder if the real
       | problem is my attitude.
       | 
       | It isn't. I mostly use Linux and sometimes (work) have to use
       | windows.
       | 
       | The _exact_ same thing happens with windows if you try to do
       | anything remotely techy on it.
       | 
       | The difference though is that "Windows evening" often end in
       | failure because at some point, you hit the wall of a binary blob
       | whose source code isn't online.
        
       | noisy_boy wrote:
       | Couldn't agree more with the takeaways. Especially #3 - and it is
       | exacerbated if you are a finicky person who wants everything
       | exactly the way you want it + loves to customize and tinker.
       | Linux basically keeps me hooked by virtue of catering to those
       | needs even though I have to deal with these Linux evenings (which
       | are thankfully getting rarer over time). In time too because my
       | tolerance is depleting as I age and have decreasing bandwidth to
       | deal with all that. Also the reason I always dual boot with
       | Windows.
       | 
       | I also have a somewhat interesting usecase that doesn't let me
       | switch to Mac (not that I am keen to). If I buy a Mac, I will
       | have to switch my phone to iPhone too because integration with
       | Android isn't nearly as good. However I _must_ have a dual sim
       | phone (which is fairly easy with Android) and there aren't any
       | dual sim models of iPhone.
        
         | kace91 wrote:
         | What kind of android integration do you require, out of
         | curiosity?
         | 
         | I use iPhone + Mac, but I don't remember any hiccups when it
         | was android + Mac. Most of my interaction between the devices
         | is pretty indirect anyway (photos are shared through google
         | cloud, etc).
        
           | noisy_boy wrote:
           | The main one I have is Syncthing[0]. I have a fairly involved
           | file sync setup across several Android and Linux devices and
           | it works beautifully; I like that I can use the space
           | available on my devices instead of having to depend on/pay
           | money for cloud (I know that it is not much for most of us).
           | However, to best of my knowledge, Syncthing doesn't run on
           | iPhone (it is possible that jailbreaking etc can make that
           | work but that is a whole different area).
           | 
           | [0]: https://syncthing.net/
        
             | danobi wrote:
             | I use stock ios and mobius sync works pretty well. No
             | issues so far over 1y+ of use.
        
               | noisy_boy wrote:
               | Thanks - I'll check it out.
        
         | vladvasiliu wrote:
         | > and there aren't any dual sim models of iPhone.
         | 
         | Aren't phones with an eSIM + regular SIM effectively dual-SIM?
         | I'm pretty sure iphones have those.
        
           | robin_reala wrote:
           | There're also real dual-SIM iPhones, but they're market
           | restricted (typically to China).
           | 
           | Docs for SIM + eSIM: https://support.apple.com/en-
           | gb/guide/iphone/iph9c5776d3c/io...
           | 
           | Docs for dual physical SIM: https://support.apple.com/en-
           | us/HT209086
        
             | nneonneo wrote:
             | I used to have a dual physical SIM iPhone X from China!
             | However, when I sent it in to get (warranty) a local Apple
             | repair shop screwed up and replaced it with a North
             | American model. After much gnashing of teeth with Apple
             | Support, I wound up with a new iPhone 12...but no dual
             | physical SIM.
             | 
             | Now my phone is still confused after restoring from backup
             | and cannot see the eSIM. I've been filing feedbacks and
             | radars to no avail. If I was on Android I'd have just
             | rooted it and deleted the offending (mis)configuration file
             | already!
        
               | drbawb wrote:
               | Not sure if this would help, but I recently learned about
               | a product called iMazing[1] that lets you browse _and
               | edit_ iTunes backups.
               | 
               | You can't access the whole filesystem of a running
               | iDevice with it, but you can access the whole filesystem
               | of the backup. So I suspect it might be possible for you
               | to clean-up the backup offline & then restore it. (At a
               | minimum it should enable you to extract the valuable
               | contents out of the backup and manually restore it on top
               | of a clean iOS install.)
               | 
               | I've used it with some success to extract info from the
               | photos database. I just wish they had a consumer-facing
               | (read: more affordable/perpetually licensed) version of
               | their CLI tool.
               | 
               | [1]: https://imazing.com/
        
           | muststopmyths wrote:
           | Yep, my SE2020 is like that, and was sold in the US
        
           | noisy_boy wrote:
           | I cannot recall the specifics but I remember that there were
           | some issues with eSIMs for certain use cases (possible that
           | those were teething troubles that have been resolved).
           | 
           | Also, I like the flexibility of using the physical SIM
           | because I can easily use them with both smart and feature
           | phones without issues.
        
       | hackeraccount wrote:
       | The saddest thing of all (I think there's some XKCD referencing
       | this) is when you have a technical problem like this and you find
       | some post from a year or two years ago exactly describing the
       | problem. And there's no reply.
       | 
       | Empathy isn't the word. It's feeling like you're trapped on a
       | deserted island in a vast empty sea - suddenly realizing that
       | there's another S.O.B. who's been right next to you the whole
       | time and also knowing that neither of you has the faintest idea
       | how to get off the island.
        
         | shadowofneptune wrote:
         | https://xkcd.com/979/
         | 
         | I swore that this one was about the finding only person who had
         | the same issue but who then had posted 'fixed it' soon after.
         | That's even worse, it's like being stuck on the island and
         | watching the S.O.B. walk on water into the distance.
        
       | DoctorOW wrote:
       | Side note: I've been working on creating a new blog now that I've
       | completed my name change (and whatever other aspects of my
       | transition affect my public persona). This blog's minimalism is
       | still distinctively styled and I'd like to do something visually
       | similar. The choice to make it black-on-light-gray is somewhat
       | pleasing. Has a consensus been reached on dark styling affecting
       | readability?
        
         | sph wrote:
         | Some like it, some overdo it. Apparently many live in darkened
         | caves and use dark mode all day. And for me too much contrast
         | in dark mode means harder to read because the white bleeds into
         | the background. YMMV.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | seanwilson wrote:
       | > I spent several hours fixing a problem and I learned next to
       | nothing in the process. This trick is unlikely to be useful
       | again. By the time I encounter something similar, it is likely I
       | will have forgotten about the solution.
       | 
       | So much of modern programming in general is like this because of
       | the always changing languages, libraries, tools, software,
       | hardware etc. such that when you're coding you have to accept it
       | will keep happening occasionally no matter how experienced you
       | get so you don't get too wound up about it. It's especially
       | discouraging when you're starting out too and don't know this
       | yet.
        
       | pantalaimon wrote:
       | I mean it's obviously a kernel bug. Now I wonder if it's nice to
       | have a way to work around them, or if these work arounds are
       | detrimental to them ever getting fixed properly.
        
       | Sugimot0 wrote:
       | Been using arch as my first and only *nix for about 4 years now,
       | most of the pain points have been smoothed out, usually you can
       | find answers by searching whatever errors you see or checking
       | dmesg. If you're a CS person, it really isn't hard to solve most
       | issues and reason about, it's just normal debugging / docs /
       | forums. In the event that you're doing something weird and niche,
       | or you really cant find your info, you might reach out to the
       | community and it's likely some linux wizard will solve your
       | issue, like this post.
       | 
       | I was much more frustrated on windows when i ran into issues and
       | your best bet was some incompetent support, and watching blue
       | screens til you come to the conclusion that your system is
       | scrapped, who knows why, and you need to reinstall and start over
       | from scratch.
       | 
       | On arch you can save your dotfiles, make snapshots, chroot to fix
       | things, and so on, there's tons of safeguards you can put in
       | place, and tons of options for remediation. You really just need
       | to RTM.
       | 
       | On top of that if you have a gripe about some software not
       | working how you think it should, you can usually hack it or
       | replace it. If you have an idea for some new functionality you
       | want you can usually find/install some existing software for your
       | needs in like 2 seconds, or you can find the repo of your
       | software and submit an issue or PR.
       | 
       | Alternatively you can also just string together existing tools in
       | a script in order to fulfill your needs. I did this recently to
       | create an OCR screenshot to clipboard tool using tesseract and
       | flameshot, something I wouldn't have even considered possible on
       | windows.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | diydsp wrote:
       | >This trick is unlikely to be useful again.
       | 
       | Ahh, but now others can benefit from your work :) It's a _system_
       | or a _community_. The wizards hand off to the communicators and
       | enable more users.
       | 
       | >In the meantime, the best I can think of is to pay for my
       | distro, report bugs, and email manufacturers for Linux support.
       | 
       | Hell yeah! and keep posting technical solutions. Even the little
       | things you do like keeping your site very readable, posting the
       | text instead of screenshots so it's searchable, etc. all help.
       | 
       | >dkozel and your kind, whoever you are, wherever you are, and
       | whatever you are doing right now, you are legend.
       | 
       | You too, man. Remember Gandi's quote: "Whatever you do will be
       | insignificant, but it is very important that you do it."
        
       | blueflow wrote:
       | I didn't knew PCIe hotplug works at all!
        
         | l1k wrote:
         | You'd be surprised. Here's an article I wrote on the
         | modernization of PCIe hotplug in Linux:
         | 
         | https://lwn.net/Articles/767885/
        
       | l1k wrote:
       | Thunderbolt devices appear in the OS as a PCIe switch, so you
       | need two additional bus numbers (one for the Switch Upstream Port
       | and one for the Switch Downstream Port). If the device is
       | hotplugged to a port which has run out of bus numbers, you'll get
       | this error message.
       | 
       | Mika Westerberg is constantly fine-tuning the allocation of PCI
       | resources in the Linux kernel to avoid such scenarios. Some
       | recent patches:
       | 
       | https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pci/20220905080232.36087-1-mik...
       | 
       | https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pci/20221130112221.66612-1-mik...
       | 
       | On macOS, it's possible to pause the PCI bus, reallocate
       | resources and unpause the bus:
       | 
       | https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Ha...
       | (search for "Supporting PCIe Pause")
       | 
       | We don't have that on Linux unfortunately, so we depend on
       | getting the initial resource allocation right.
       | 
       | Sergei Miroshnichenko has worked on such a reallocation feature
       | for Linux but it hasn't been accepted into mainline yet and he
       | hasn't posted a new version of his patches for almost two years,
       | so the effort seems stalled:
       | 
       | https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pci/20201218174011.340514-1-s....
        
         | nneonneo wrote:
         | It sounds like the pause/unpause might be the way to fix this
         | properly, since trying to be heuristically smarter sounds like
         | a recipe for never-ending corner case bugs like the OP's issue.
         | 
         | The patch for pausing and unpausing seems quite reasonable,
         | except that it does require driver support (unsurprising -
         | you're literally reallocating the resources used by the
         | driver!). I suppose if you had at least a few movable devices
         | then you should be ok in the event of a hotplug event, so you'd
         | have to hope that enough drivers bother to support the feature.
         | 
         | I wonder what is necessary to get people to care about the
         | patch enough to fix it up and mainline it? I suppose the
         | problem it fixes is still niche enough that not so many people
         | are clamoring for the fix.
        
           | planede wrote:
           | Maybe it can be introduced gradually, making the reallocation
           | an optional feature that a driver might support. Then drivers
           | can independently implement the resource reallocation
           | feature.
           | 
           | Mainline drivers can move gradually. If they want to be nice
           | for out-of-tree drivers then they can describe a timeline for
           | deprecating and removing the support for non-reallocating
           | drivers.
        
           | l1k wrote:
           | The PCI resource allocation code is fairly intricate and
           | everyone is scared that changing it may cause regressions.
           | Sergei's patch set is quite intrusive and it would be
           | necessary to somehow break it up into smaller pieces that are
           | slowly fed into mainline over several release cycles, always
           | watching out for regression reports. So, the problem is
           | known, but the engineers working on PCI code in the kernel
           | are given higher priority stuff to work on by their
           | employers, hence the issue hasn't gotten the attention it
           | deserves.
           | 
           | Actually I forgot to mention there's another solution: A PCIe
           | feature called Flattening Portal Bridge (PCIe Base Spec r6.0
           | section 6.26). That was introduced with PCIe 5.0. It's more
           | likely that FPB support is added in mainline than the
           | pause/unpause feature. It's supported by recent Thunderbolt
           | chips and it's an official feature of the PCIe standard, so
           | companies will prefer dedicating resources to it rather than
           | some non-standard approach.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Would a workaround be that whenever the kernel detects this
           | happening (and it did, it dmesg printed it) that it somehow
           | increases an internal counter so on next reboot there will be
           | more resources?
           | 
           | This would require the kernel being able to either update its
           | own command line somehow, or having some permanent storage
           | somewhere it could store it.
           | 
           | Or this could all be done by systemd - detect that message,
           | increase the resource, next reboot will fix it.
        
           | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
           | What is the point in having all of the drivers be open
           | sourced and mainlined if we're not willing to fix them to
           | support this?
        
             | blueflow wrote:
             | You are free to submit a patch or request a refund.
        
               | jodrellblank wrote:
               | You are free to comment on the question raised, instead
               | of a dismissive empty ad-hom.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | arghwhat wrote:
               | While tongue in cheek, the answer is accurate: open
               | source does not mean "free service contract", it means
               | that you can take the code and modify yourself (and
               | preferably upstream the fix).
               | 
               | Patches come both from vendors and users experiencing an
               | issue. Vendors take care of most things, but for esoteric
               | problems you might only have a handful of people
               | experiencing it. The vendor is unlikely to care, so if
               | you do not write the patch or pay someone to do it, who
               | will?
               | 
               | Still better than the competition, where such problems
               | will never be fixed unless it generates sufficient bad
               | PR...
        
               | runjake wrote:
               | What it sounds like you're saying is "If you don't know
               | how to code, GTFO" because in all likelihood the parent
               | made this comment because they're not capable.
        
               | arghwhat wrote:
               | Not quite. If you are a non-developer not patient enough
               | to wait for others to volunteer, or are a developer
               | thinking that your time is somehow more valuable than
               | those of the maintainers, then GTFO. :)
               | 
               | Waiting patiently and _politely_ reporting bugs is a fine
               | strategy: If a problem affects enough people, it will
               | eventually affect a developer capable and willing to fix
               | it. If you want it go faster, you will have to get your
               | hands dirty - many contributors acquired the skills
               | exactly because they were annoyed by an issue and decided
               | to fix it.
        
               | jodrellblank wrote:
               | You're doing the same thing, dragging the original
               | conversation off into berating the commentor for not
               | fixing it themselves because you owe them nothing and
               | they shouldn't be so entitled.
               | 
               | > " _Still better than the competition, where such
               | problems will never be fixed unless it generates
               | sufficient bad PR..._ "
               | 
               | The competition comes under "pay someone else to do it".
        
               | arghwhat wrote:
               | > You're doing the same thing, dragging the original
               | conversation off into berating the commentor for not
               | fixing it themselves because you owe them nothing and
               | they shouldn't be so entitled.
               | 
               | Ah, this argument again. Yeah, the maintainers owe you
               | nothing, as they have already worked their asses off to
               | give you something for free. You have the right to make
               | polite bug reports and discuss fixes, but no one is
               | entitled to force volunteers to do work.
               | 
               | But, that is not the same thing as everyone having to fix
               | their own shit. 100 million users does not need 100
               | million developers.
               | 
               | What matters is that the users that have issues _can_ fix
               | issues, and if the issue affects enough people, it will
               | eventually affect someone able and willing to fix it.
               | That is why open source works, but it requires that
               | _some_ people put in the effort, and many learn to do it
               | exactly when they get annoyed by a bug.
               | 
               | So yeah, if you are not willing to wait for someone else
               | to come around and volunteer to fix it, patch it yourself
               | or pay someone else to do it. That's how the system
               | works, regardless of how demeaning you feel this is to
               | non-developers or developers that feel that their time is
               | more valuable than that of others.
               | 
               | > The competition comes under "pay someone else to do
               | it".
               | 
               | Sure, if you have enough money to convince Apple or
               | Microsoft specifically to prioritize fixing your issue
               | (which may be in an unsupported or deprecated
               | configuration) above what else they were doing, which
               | would cost a whole lot more than just engineer and
               | manager time. You have no alternative, as only your
               | specific vendor can make the fix. Realistically speaking,
               | if you had that kind of money you probably already have
               | employed engineers that you could get to fix your open
               | source issues for you and would not be arguing on hacker
               | news about the need to write patches.
               | 
               | For open source, you don't have to convince anyone in
               | particular. Can't convince the first person you try with
               | money? Just ask the next person, anyone can submit the
               | patch.
        
               | jodrellblank wrote:
               | I think you are mixing two arguments. One is a good,
               | valid, argument which is about how volunteer maintainers
               | don't owe anyone anything, and absolutely don't deserve
               | to be harassed, insulted, coerced, guilt tripped, etc.
               | And the other is is about internet Linux commenters (away
               | from bug trackers and issue lists) replying in ways that
               | close down and end conversation of anything which isn't
               | toeing the 'party line' of how great
               | Linux/FOSS/libre/gratis software/etc. is.
               | 
               | The parent comment by AnIdiotOnTheNet was not in the
               | context of bug reports filed to maintainers, or insulting
               | anyone, or demanding anything specific. The parent of
               | that said that the patch looked good "but" would need
               | driver support, perhaps suggesting that's a showstopper.
               | AnIdiotOnTheNet asked what the point of having open
               | source drivers is if they can't be fixed, or charitably
               | steelmanned read as "the drivers are open so they can be
               | fixed to work with the patch". Blueflow's reply "you are
               | free to submit a patch" is technically correct, but low
               | value - few people on HN aren't aware of that. The
               | following "or request a refund" is conversation ending,
               | "fix it or shut up, stop talking about it".
               | 
               | It's a common reply format on internet Linux discussions
               | which is closer to 'silence wrongthink' or 'cancel
               | culture' than tech discussion.
               | 
               | > " _So yeah, if you are not willing to wait for someone
               | else to come around and volunteer to fix it, patch it
               | yourself or pay someone else to do it._ "
               | 
               | Or ... talk about it, rant about it, 'raise awareness',
               | exercise freedom of speech. "Patch it or shut up" aren't
               | the only options. And look, dkozel replied with a long
               | and technically detailed comment[1] and didn't need
               | anyone jumping in to silence unapproved questions.
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34016094
        
               | blueflow wrote:
               | Your ideas and intentions might be good and noble, but in
               | the end of the day its the contributors and maintainers
               | who burn out. And from my impression, most people in OSS
               | are already fed up with supporting users. And I'm too.
               | Telling users off like "fix it or shut up, stop talking
               | about it" is the necessary step to protect yourself.
        
               | elsjaako wrote:
               | What OS are you using where you can get the vendor to
               | implement kernel features to fix obscure driver issues?
               | 
               | I'm sure there's an amount of money you can throw at
               | Microsoft to get something done. I don't know how much it
               | is, but I'm guessing it's more than it would cost to find
               | a vendor to do it for Linux.
               | 
               | The serious answer to " What is the point in having all
               | of the drivers be open sourced and mainlined if we're not
               | willing to fix them to support this?" is "There are many
               | points to this, but one of them is that it's possible to
               | fix them to support it, if someone wants to put in the
               | effort. It's worth something that it's theoretically
               | possible if you really need it, even if no one else has
               | done it yet.".
               | 
               | The answer "You can do it yourself" is meant to help them
               | understand "Anyone can do it, someone needs to step up to
               | the plate. But it's also true that it costs resources. If
               | you're wondering why no one else has done it yet, it's
               | the same reason you haven't done it yet".
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | With enough money you can get that kind of support from
               | any Linux vendor, eg RedHat or Oracle.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Possibly it is hard, tedious, or the people able to fix it
             | don't think it is worth the effort.
             | 
             | Open source projects rely on volunteers mostly so it isn't
             | like there's some outside force to appeal to. If nobody
             | volunteers a solution, then it isn't important enough to
             | solve. The point is that, if it were important enough to
             | fix, anybody with the requisite skills could do so.
        
         | mrb wrote:
         | The key takeaway, especially for the author who wants things to
         | "just work", is that he should have used a USB external disk,
         | instead of a Thunderbolt external disk. OSes tend to have more
         | issues with Thunderbolt disks (such as this issue you explained
         | in details) than with USB disks, because the latter is more
         | common, so more corner case bugs have been eliminated.
        
       | flaxton wrote:
       | This is exactly why I stopped using Linux as my personal computer
       | many, many years ago. I could do it, yes, but just got tired of
       | spending hours fixing random weirdness. I have work to do! Love,
       | love love it on servers, and have many. But I use macOS on my Mac
       | and everything runs smoothly for me...
        
       | Manjuuu wrote:
       | And digging even more, you'll find the same solution somewhere
       | else two years ago:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/XMG_gg/comments/ic7vt7/fusion15_lin...
        
       | badrabbit wrote:
       | I said linux was fragile the other day and someone replied "in
       | what way", this post is a good answer. In the past also I had
       | similar critiques to my own criticism of Linux.
       | 
       | Who knows how many total days and weeks I spent on random things
       | like this and all the obstacles I had to overcome. Just to get
       | secure boot working on debian, I had to overcome their block of
       | my vpn IP on their wiki, and the sign-tool which is impossible to
       | find and after a lot of googling found an ubuntu post suggesting
       | a weird kernel version speicific path that worked but the builtin
       | vbox kernel module signing thing can't find it during apt update
       | so at each kernel update I have to manually sign vbox modules
       | (which means making the privkey readily available and defeating
       | the whole point but whatever), at least I made a small script
       | that only needs my secureboot pin/pass now. And then I decided to
       | use apparmor, which is nicer than selinux but it took weeks to
       | lockdown two apps and have them work and I am still not confident
       | I did it right.
       | 
       | Ok,ok... let me pause there because I could go on. In my current
       | day job, I attribute my success to two things: 1) Using linux for
       | many years and fighting these "stupid" battles 2) I learned C
       | which made learning a lot of other stuff a lot easier. I work in
       | security now, so when there is a linux or container/k8s related
       | incident it is easier for me than for my colleagues. I also don't
       | shy away from difficult technically complex incidents or problems
       | because I am battle-hardened in the art of figuring out seemingly
       | random problems in topics I know nothing about with the sheer
       | power of search engines, docs and random internet posts.
       | 
       | When I worked my first k8s incident, I knew nothing about it. I
       | was watching talks by google people on one window while reading
       | docs on another and poking around in the gke node scratching my
       | head on why the hell a k8s node is running chromeos and
       | everything is readonly. But all of that is a piece of cake. Try
       | random browser crashes because weird grsec/pax patches (before
       | they closed it off) that were messing with jit or untangling a
       | dependency mess on a gentoo install neglected for years which
       | doesn't even have a supported python version now. The brutality
       | and fragility of Linux has given me a lot of mental muscles that
       | has helped me immensly and it has forced me to be distrustful of
       | software in general and learn a lot of stuff from programming
       | languages to permission models, os architecture and gnu tools
       | like sed,grep,awk and the like.
       | 
       | But yeah, I love linux so much but let's not pretend it is easy
       | to use or user friendly. But hey, 2023 will be the year of the
       | Linux desktop so we'll see.
       | 
       | A lot if *nix philosophy and mentality like "RTFM" and defaults
       | not being a big deal I think are from an era where the ecosystem
       | was much less complex and the userbase was much smaller. I
       | attribute many of these pain points to that undying mindset.
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | Windows and Mac have their fragile points as well.
         | 
         | For starters, Windows is Ubuntu bug #1. (I kid).
         | 
         | The nice thing about Linux is it can evolve without being
         | pulled into advertising-and-data-monetization as a business
         | plan. In other words, society is better off with it.
        
       | sandGorgon wrote:
       | Windows + WSL2. After 20 years on Fedora and Ubuntu.
       | 
       | Its that good.
        
       | dark-star wrote:
       | I had a similar experience recently. Updated my Manjaro setup,
       | rebooted, and was greeted with text mode. X just didn't load. 1
       | hour of reading logfiles and pondering about why the kernel
       | module wouldn't load, it turns out I needed to add an obscure
       | boot parameter (I think it was something like "ibp=off") to my
       | kernel command line to make the nvidia module load again.
       | 
       | Easy solution if you know how to solve it, 1 hour searching for
       | that solution, and about 0% chance of that knowledge ever being
       | useful again in the future.
       | 
       | In the end I was still satisfied because at least I learned
       | _something_ (no matter if it 's useful or not), and I was under
       | no pressure to get that particular Linux system working again (I
       | could still dual-boot Windows for example).
        
         | leidenfrost wrote:
         | I had a similar experience with a workplace machine. It worked
         | flawlessly. But, sometimes, I went to make myself coffee or to
         | the bathroom, and when I was back, the system just never woke
         | up from sleep.
         | 
         | I try setting the machine to sleep and manually waking it up.
         | No problem.
         | 
         | Later, I spent some time watching a long youtube video, then I
         | opened the terminal and then the OS crashed.
         | 
         | Dmesg? It showed nothing
         | 
         | But, sometimes, when I tried to launch the terminal, I tried
         | running htop and then the OS hanged. I had the feeling that it
         | was something HD related.
         | 
         | I restarted the machine, updated the kernel, asked the forums,
         | everything. No answer.
         | 
         | It was my work machine. They let me install Linux but I
         | couldn't spend so much time with the OS. I need to have work
         | done. Otherwise I need to bail and go back to Windows (ugh).
         | 
         | I was about to delete Linux from the laptop, but I had an idea:
         | The machine was a Thinkpad T1. I looked on the Arch Wiki about
         | compatibility with that laptop. If the problem came from an
         | incompatibility with the hardware, it will surely show up
         | there. The machine showed up in a list and according to the
         | wiki, there's nothing related to a crash or a freeze.
         | 
         | Then, I looked up on lshw if there was any piece of hardware
         | that was different of what the Thinkpad has by defaults.
         | 
         | The result? A Kingston 1TB SSD. I googled "Linux Kingston ssd
         | lock up", "Linux Kingston ssd crash".
         | 
         | It turns out, some Kingston SSDs don't support all the deep
         | sleep levels of energy saving. I needed to switch some off with
         | a kernel parameter.
         | 
         | I never had any problems with that machine again.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | This is one of the benefits of being "obscure in only one
           | area at a time" - just like you shouldn't break more than one
           | law at a time, heh.
           | 
           | Linux is a relatively obscure OS, but you were on popular
           | hardware with a popular SSD which helped increase the chance
           | that someone else had run into a similar issue.
        
         | MSFT_Edging wrote:
         | I had this issue after I built my first new machine in nearly 8
         | years.
         | 
         | I forget what I googled, but I essentially found a forum post
         | almost immediately that explained the reason for the ibp=off,
         | something to do with an intel security issue, caching, and the
         | actual likelyhood of it being a security risk on a personal
         | machine. The conclusion was basically "its enabled by default
         | because its a good idea, but not really needed for most use-
         | cases". Away I went disabling it, somewhat understanding why it
         | was there.
         | 
         | But I've also been an arch user for years, and one thing I'm
         | accustomed to is when the bleeding edge breaks something, other
         | bleeding edge users are already discussing it. The overall
         | community documentation on issues is exhaustive. If you have an
         | obscure issue in Windows and search the error, you get windows
         | support forums with official support asking you to click the
         | "try to fix it pwease" button and no other solution. Half the
         | time the only fix is a reinstall.
         | 
         | I ended up building a new computer because my old machine's
         | windows install got itself in a state where it would fail to
         | login after an update, yet constantly tried to apply that
         | update after I'd revert it. No solutions anywhere online, no
         | way to stop windows from trying to apply the ill-fated update.
         | Just a broken install. I figured if I was going to spend hours
         | re-installing and reconfiguring windows, I might as well get
         | new hardware.
        
         | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
         | Anymore these days if it only takes me an hour to wade through
         | all the reinstall/switch distro garbage to fix some obscure
         | nonsense problem I count it as a win.
        
       | maherbeg wrote:
       | I'm generally an Apple hardware guy + console gamer so I don't
       | have to have linux evenings like this. I used to enjoy the
       | tinkering, but now I have Linux days in the Cloud and don't feel
       | the need to be a computer therapist at night.
       | 
       | On the other hand I just bought an Intel NUC to turn into a NAS
       | and am planning to try out NixOS. I think I'm going to have a lot
       | of evenings..
        
       | jeromenerf wrote:
       | Kernel parameters are usually documented in the kernel-
       | parameters.txt file in the source. See
       | https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/Documentation/...:
       | hpbussize=nn The minimum amount of additional bus numbers
       | reserved for buses below a hotplug bridge.         Default is 1.
       | 
       | The way to get from the error "No bus number available for hot-
       | added bridge" at
       | https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/drivers/pci/pr...
       | to this specific kernel param is still a bit involved.
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | That doc string raises so many questions. First, it says
         | minimum which to me implies that in some cases larger value is
         | used, but no clue when. Secondly, why is the default 1 and what
         | is the allowed range of values? Being 1 implies to me that
         | there is some cost associated with the reservations, otherwise
         | the default would be much higher? Is the 0x33 from the article
         | completely random, would 2 worked just as well? What are the
         | implications of using high value here?
        
         | alkonaut wrote:
         | What's the approach used by OSes that "just work" for things
         | like this? Is this due to the more monolithic kernel of Linux
         | making more things required to be known up front than e.g. in
         | Windows?
        
           | alexpotato wrote:
           | I always like this story about MacOs.
           | 
           | - Most OSes do a full dhcp look up when they connect to a
           | network even if they have connected to the network before.
           | Wifi saved networks is a good example of a network where you
           | have some historical information on the connection
           | 
           | - MacOs however keeps track of the IP addresses that it saw
           | for each of the networks it has connected to recently. If it
           | sees a network it's been on before, it first tries to just
           | use the old IP address. This is under the assumption that the
           | lease is still tied to the user's laptop.
           | 
           | - In the best case, the laptop gets a working IP very quickly
           | and in the worst case, you just do dhcp again
           | 
           | - From a user's perspective, if they walk into a meeting with
           | a bunch of folks with non Mac laptops, it will seem like the
           | Mac connects much faster than everyone else's machine
           | 
           | When I read this story, the author pointed out that many
           | people say "Macs just feel like they work better!" and used
           | this as an example. Granted, this partly comes from owning
           | the ENTIRE stack from hardware to drivers to OS etc which is
           | something only Mac can do.
        
             | riskable wrote:
             | ...and the network intrusion detection system throws up all
             | sorts of alarm bells about IPs being spoofed and duplicate
             | IPs in use.
             | 
             | I _assume_ MacOS actually only re-uses IPs if it sees the
             | lease hasn 't already expired but it might be dumber than
             | that.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Is there one? I know that unplugging a Thunderbolt peer will
           | crash my MacBook Pro (bridgeOS, not macOS, panics).
           | Disappearing buses is an edge case that is little-tested on
           | most operating systems.
        
             | kalleboo wrote:
             | Hot-plugging Thunderbolt devices is hardly an edge-case on
             | Macs, it's a heavily advertised feature.
             | 
             | I had about weekly kernel panics or machine freezes (would
             | not wake from sleep) while unplugging my Thunderbolt dock
             | (with displays and lots of devices) all throughout the
             | USB-C Intel Mac era, but they all went away when I got an
             | M1 Pro machine, so I wonder how much is down to OS design
             | vs drivers vs hardware (vs how specific hardware influences
             | driver design).
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | M1 machines don't have bridgeOS at all, right?
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | If it can panic apparently they do have it.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BridgeOS says it runs the
               | Touch Bar.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | The M1 lacks the T-series coprocessor altogether and all
               | its functions are inside the main SoC. Whether that means
               | that bridgeOS still runs on non-architectural cores
               | inside the SoC, or its responsibilities have been rolled
               | into macOS, I have no idea. I do know that only my
               | T2-having MacBook suffers from these panics.
        
             | aiwv wrote:
             | Raises the question whether or not anyone writing this kind
             | of software actually uses it.
        
           | kalleboo wrote:
           | According to another comment
           | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34013844), macOS will
           | pause, reallocate, and un-pause the bus.
        
       | johnboiles wrote:
       | Buckle up everyone I hear 2023 is the year of the Linux desktop!
        
       | kibwen wrote:
       | _> dkozel and your kind, whoever you are, wherever you are, and
       | whatever you are doing right now, you are legend._
       | 
       | Perhaps dkozel is reading this right now. :P
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/threads?id=dkozel
       | 
       | https://lobste.rs/threads/dkozel
        
         | Ygg2 wrote:
         | Last comment was in 2020.
        
           | dkozel wrote:
           | Now 2022. ;)
        
             | dahston wrote:
             | So, how did you find this fix?
        
               | sceadu wrote:
               | cue the segway
        
               | dkozel wrote:
               | No segway, I've posted a bit of a discussion above. Not
               | all that interesting unfortunately. The error message was
               | obscure but the problem space was pretty small so I did
               | mostly the same thing as Fabian and searched online for
               | related terms to PCIe hotplugging and PCIe address
               | allocation.
        
       | hacb wrote:
       | About take away #2:
       | 
       | > I spent several hours fixing a problem and I learned next to
       | nothing in the process. This trick is unlikely to be useful
       | again. By the time I encounter something similar, it is likely I
       | will have forgotten about the solution.
       | 
       | This is why it is important to keep a personal knowledge
       | base/documentation. Mine is full of things I'll probably never
       | encounter again, but I know it may be useful one day or another.
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | Also, it's not like OP haven't learnt about kernel parameters.
         | Often not just the dicrete knowledge itself, but also the way
         | of arriving at it is just as useful.
        
       | davidy123 wrote:
       | Someone should tell the author about the great lshw, it lists
       | full details of the system board (and everything else) without
       | having to go to a GUI display.                 azalp
       | description: Desktop Computer         product: B660M AORUS PRO AX
       | DDR4 (Default string)         vendor: Gigabyte Technology Co.,
       | Ltd.         version: -CF         serial: Default string
       | width: 64 bits         capabilities: smbios-3.4.0 dmi-3.4.0 smp
       | vsyscall32         configuration: boot=normal chassis=desktop
       | family=B660 MB sku=Default string uuid=dotdotdot
       | 
       | People posting those CPU and SSD screens shots rather than, say,
       | some linked data that contributes to make a graph to forums has
       | such a deleterious effect on people's ability to reason. I
       | suppose eventually we'll end up screen scraping the screen shots.
        
         | hackeraccount wrote:
         | This. I generally have few problems with the people I work with
         | one exception is when they start posting screenshots on Slack.
         | If it's some gui and you can't get a good export then I
         | understand the frustration - but this will be a screen shot of
         | terminal.
         | 
         | Why? I mean do you hate the future? Did a month from the
         | present beat you up as a child? Perhaps when you were 10 years
         | old 2 years from now kicked sand in your face and now you're
         | going to punish it. I don't know. But they need to get over it
         | for everyone's sake.
        
           | trynewideas wrote:
           | In tech support, I'd frequently get screenshots of a few
           | lines of a terminal window pasted into PowerPoint slides and
           | Word docs -- usually via some heavily compressed remote
           | desktop-running-on-another-remote-desktop -- with the
           | information I actually needed invariably a few lines higher.
           | My favorite was flash photos of a monitor taken with a non-
           | smartphone from fully airgapped sites, where the turnaround
           | for running a command and getting the output would be at
           | least 5 minutes because the on-site user had to leave the
           | server closet and go down a few halls to get back to a
           | network-connected system, copy the photo off the camera to
           | the computer, and attach it to the ticket.
           | 
           | Eventually I rigged up a tool to automatically pull
           | screenshots from tickets via the ticket system's API, then
           | raise contrast on them with imagemagick and run them through
           | OCR. Some red error text on a black background screencapped
           | through multiple layers of compression might as well not
           | exist, even if it's perfectly readable to the end user, so
           | I'd even done comparisons (that I've since unfortunately
           | lost) of how different command-line OCR tools fared with low-
           | contrast color text, because Tesseract wasn't always the most
           | functional option.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ragingrobot wrote:
         | Also, dmidecode is very handy.                 # dmidecode 3.4
         | Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.       SMBIOS 2.7 present.
         | Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes       Base Board
         | Information               Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
         | Product Name: 02##K5               Version: A01
         | Serial Number: /BGK####/CN#######/               Asset Tag: Not
         | Specified               Features:                       Board
         | is a hosting board                       Board is replaceable
         | Location In Chassis: Not Specified               Chassis
         | Handle: 0x0003               Type: Motherboard
         | Contained Object Handles: 0
        
       | Ruq wrote:
       | My last (Arch btw) Linux Evening was my laptop suddenly not
       | booting after an update. I thought it must've been me, so I
       | booted into the install media and reinstalled and reconfigured
       | grub in a way that I knew would fix it...except it didn't.
       | 
       | I then learned that GRUB had a bug introduced in an update that
       | completely borked it for my system. So rather than deal with it I
       | finally used it as the excuse I needed to ditch GRUB for systemd-
       | boot, which if anything is actually simpler.
        
       | revskill wrote:
       | I realized real competitor of MacOSX is not Windows, it's Linux.
        
       | mahoro wrote:
       | One more thing that happened with Linux in last 20 years is
       | complexity raised in orders of magnitude.
       | 
       | I remember Linux 2.x times and I had similar problems with
       | hardware but a lot of them I fixed by following a limited set of
       | tricks/patterns. Sometime I read a source code of some drivers or
       | maybe applied some patches but not so often.
       | 
       | But at that time I felt confidence that most problems I could
       | fix. Now I don't (and actually switched to Mac 5 years ago)
        
       | SpacePortKnight wrote:
       | Occasional issues like these is why I continue to run Windows
       | even though Microsoft has been pulling off all sorts of
       | shenanigans with telemetry, broken file manager / start menu, ads
       | etc.
       | 
       | I really want to move to Linux but unless my laptop manufacturer
       | provides support, its never going to happen. I don't want to
       | think my OS when buying a hardware accessary or a software
       | product.
       | 
       | A laptop's a tool and Windows still provides the most support.
        
         | qup wrote:
         | What kind of windows support do you use?
        
       | autophagian wrote:
       | For takeaway 2, I've found using NixOS lately to be good at
       | keeping myself disciplined about documenting the odd little hacks
       | I've added to fix an issue. Like in this case, I'd have to add
       | something to my boot.loader.grub.extraConfig setting, comment it
       | and document it with a hopefully-useful commit message so that if
       | I encounter something similar in future, I can at least look at
       | those bits of documentation and hopefully connect the two.
        
         | ssimono wrote:
         | +1 on this. I use to consider those Linux evenings as a waste
         | of time. But with every bit of NixOS tracked within git with
         | some history and context, I now think of it like an investment
         | for the next 50 years, which has way more chances to pay back
        
       | _justinfunk wrote:
       | I used to hear "Linux is only free if you don't value your time."
       | - this article seems to validate that this is still the case. Am
       | I getting the wrong impression?
        
         | MSFT_Edging wrote:
         | I'd say its a bit biased.
         | 
         | Personally, I've been riding the linux struggle bus for years
         | in my personal time. It really hasn't been a struggle, but
         | weird issue's I've dealt with during my "Linux evenings" has
         | made obscure struggles at my day job far easier to debug and
         | deal with, and overall has made me a better engineer because I
         | know how my tools work and I can use them more effectively.
         | 
         | It's a whole lot more fun learning about kernel drivers,
         | systemd, networking drivers, etc when you're personally
         | invested in tweaking your machine just right. I much rather
         | deal with a Linux issue for an hour than spend an hour on
         | leetcode.
        
         | gabrielgio wrote:
         | Yes, every OS has problem. The only difference is that Linux
         | let you debug it.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | I've had linux evenings, windows evenings, macOS evenings,
         | hardware evenings, software evenings, house evenings.
         | 
         | Anything you use has a chance of failure and _on the whole_ I
         | feel Linux has taken less time to do what I want to do with it
         | than other similar options.
         | 
         | Thought I started using macOS at home because I got tired of
         | dealing with Linux desktop shit, so take that as you will.
         | 
         | > "If you've ever read a mystery story you know that a
         | detective never works so hard as when he's on vacation. He's
         | like the postman who goes for a long walk on his day off."
         | 
         | I got tired of taking the long walks.
        
         | II2II wrote:
         | It really depends upon what you are doing with your machine.
         | 
         | If you're dealing with new hardware, situations like the one
         | described in the article _may_ pop up since vendors will focus
         | their testing on Windows (and possibly macOS) so there is a
         | good chance that it will work on the commercial operating
         | systems but not the open source ones. That is going to be
         | especially true to more exotic hardware since there will also
         | be less testing by the open source community.
         | 
         | On the other hand, I find managing a Linux system significantly
         | more time efficient. Some of it is because of the nature of
         | open source. For example: installing, updating, and removing
         | software is much easier since the licensing model allows
         | distribution maintainers to create a universal software
         | management tool. In other cases, it is simply because of the
         | approaches typically taken by open source developers. For
         | example: it is usually easy to copy configuration files from
         | one system to another.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mentos wrote:
         | "You get what you pay for." has always been my reaction to
         | Linux issues.
        
           | quijoteuniv wrote:
           | 1 - I wonder what OS do you use.
           | 
           | 2 - Have you actually tried Linux?
        
             | kingboss wrote:
             | I have. It's still inferior to Windows and it's trying to
             | be a discount version of MacOS. And it's doing a bad job at
             | it.
        
               | mechanical_bear wrote:
               | Inferior how?
               | 
               | My KDE Plasma setup is nothing like MacOS.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | I hate to admit it but GNOME is legitimately a macOS
               | ripoff. I love it, and it's great, but it's basically
               | trying to be macOS.
        
       | Agingcoder wrote:
       | I started using linux in 1996. I've had a mac since 2010 - it
       | just works, while my sound card would randomly stop working
       | (pulse audio, whatever, I don't care anymore), and I even had to
       | manually patch the alsa drivers manually (and write the patch) .
       | I wish I could use Linux reliably for anything else than a
       | terminal (and I do use it everyday at the office in a terminal )
       | , but it's just never worked well for me, in spite of my wanting
       | it to work.
       | 
       | I'm a bit sad about Mthe whole thing : I want it to work, but it
       | doesn't. I don't have the time to waste yet another linux
       | evening, yet I can't resent the people who work on it for free,
       | and understand very well that it works for _some_ people.
        
       | pvsukale3 wrote:
       | This is kind of the reason I have switched to Mac. I used Ubuntu
       | throughout my CSE degree and a year after. But system bricking at
       | random upgrade, needing a fix was a no go for me at work. I
       | understand some people do not face this issue.
       | 
       | But whenever I wanted to try out something new or install
       | anything, some random stuff would go wrong and would need hours
       | of searching and fixing. Happens much less often with MacOs.
        
         | INeedMoreRam wrote:
         | Sounds like you had faulty hardware.
        
         | gabrielgio wrote:
         | That is quite vague statement to make. Linux let you try/change
         | a lot more on its internal than MacOS, so you can definitely to
         | more damage to your system on linux.
         | 
         | I don't see you trying simple things like "apt install go" and
         | your pc would stop working (unless faulty hardware).
        
       | jakesgates wrote:
       | I really appreciate the write-up, as I have had many 'linux
       | evenings' myself, and it always gets on my nerves when some
       | members of the community act as if linux 'just works' for almost
       | all users. Worth noting I love linux, and am a happy user, but I
       | have had quite a few instances of relying on a more-experienced
       | person previously running into the issue, or else I would still
       | be stuck with those previous problems..
        
         | mechanical_bear wrote:
         | It does just work for most users. They don't get online and
         | post 2000 word blog entries about their successfully completing
         | their work for the day with no hiccups.
        
       | wankle wrote:
       | "I have vouched to avoid USB and its undecipherable specs."
       | 
       | OK.
        
         | Pr0ject217 wrote:
         | I agree, it's ironic. I haven't had much luck with Thunderbolt,
         | even on Windows. USB has never failed me.
        
       | anonymousDan wrote:
       | (Presuming there are some linux experts here) Slightly off-topic
       | question but does anyone have any strong opinions about d-bus as
       | an IPC mechanism? Is it actually used much or do most people
       | prefer other lower level Linux/Posix IPC mechanisms (shm, pipes
       | etc)? Does it have any glaring disadvantages compared to e.g.
       | Android's Binder, or is that only more widely used because Google
       | enforces it?
        
       | LAC-Tech wrote:
       | I had a couple of years stint with windows, and I had a couple of
       | these "evenings" as well. Maybe Mac OS is immune, but windows
       | never was and isn't now.
        
       | rodric wrote:
       | xkcd: Wisdom of the Ancients https://xkcd.com/979/
        
       | artemonster wrote:
       | I hate linux for this. How the hell a modern OS can be frozen
       | completely shut by some runaway python script running in a VS
       | code debugger, to a point that you have to kill your PC with a
       | button. And then non-obvious issues that just "appear" out of
       | nowhere and steal your perfectly fine evening where you have
       | planned to work on your favorite side project.
        
         | arghwhat wrote:
         | This seems like a random, unrelated yet incredibly specific
         | rant, and not really a unique property of Linux.
        
           | not_the_fda wrote:
           | Thunderbolt isn't that well supported, and they decided to
           | specifically not use USB3 which is well supported for bogus
           | reasons. #1 rule with Linux is pick well supported hardware.
        
         | dspillett wrote:
         | _> How the hell a modern OS can be frozen completely shut by
         | some runaway python script running in a VS code_
         | 
         | That isn't a just Linux thing. You can easily fork-bomb (or
         | equivalent) Windows/iOS/other and so forth, especially (though
         | not only) if running as a privileged user.
         | 
         |  _> And then non-obvious issues that just  "appear" out of
         | nowhere_
         | 
         | That is definitely not something that I've never seen when
         | using Windows! Where it has happened to me under Linux it has
         | been eventually traced to a hardware issue or a bad update (the
         | latter I've experienced on both those OSs over the years and
         | the former will affect everything).
        
           | LoganDark wrote:
           | > That isn't a just Linux thing. You can easily fork-bomb (or
           | equivalent) Windows/iOS/other and so forth, especially
           | (though not only) if running as a privileged user.
           | 
           | I've crashed DWM with WSL before, by doing something
           | completely unrelated to Windows.
           | 
           | What happens is you start getting the solitaire effect
           | because suddenly no windows have graphics buffers anymore
        
         | mrob wrote:
         | Linux will free memory that's backed by files, and load it
         | again when it's needed. Under heavy memory pressure this has
         | the same effect as swap thrashing, even if you have swap
         | disabled. The kernel's out-of-memory killer does not help,
         | because it's designed to work only as a last resort, and the
         | system is still technically making progress despite being
         | unusable in practice. AFAIK no other mainstream OS has this
         | problem.
         | 
         | The solution is running a userspace out-of-memory killer, e.g.
         | earlyoom.
        
         | tuukkah wrote:
         | How is your comment related to the article? The only connection
         | I can see is bad quality of some hardware and drivers.
        
           | emsy wrote:
           | It's a reappearing issue with Linux that you run into
           | problems other operating systems don't have to this degree.
           | Which is sad, because seeing the direction Windows 11 is
           | heading towards, I'd like for Linux to achieve widespread
           | adoption.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > It's a reappearing issue with Linux that you run into
             | problems other operating systems don't have to this degree.
             | 
             | I've supported both professionally, and no, you don't. I
             | blame the claim on a lot of people using commercial
             | operating systems feeling a bit guilty, like they're
             | supposed to be on Linux to be a real developer. They
             | respond by criticizing an OS that they don't really use for
             | the problems that they imagine happen all the time.
             | Instead, what's happening is that they, personally, always
             | run into problems trying to figure out why something won't
             | work in prod, or trying to get their VMs to work like the
             | tutorial, and they assume that people who use Linux as a
             | daily driver run into problems at that rate. _They never
             | pay attention to Linux unless something critical has
             | already broken._
             | 
             | Also, whenever they decide that they're going to try Linux
             | again _to see if it 's ready for them yet_, they always
             | choose Arch (it used to be Gentoo) or the latest trendy
             | distro that has a MacOS aping desktop. Just install Debian,
             | it's easy.
        
             | deafpolygon wrote:
             | If you want that, then use it and contribute. That's the
             | only way widespread adoption will happen.
             | 
             | Contribution does not necessarily mean code. It can be
             | documentation, design, UX, sharing information, or just
             | working getting people familiar with Linux.
        
             | muststopmyths wrote:
             | Oh don't worry as a daily user of windows 11 I can assure
             | you that Microsoft is doubling down on random mystifying
             | problems, paired with no useful forum for users to
             | collectively figure things out.
        
             | simion314 wrote:
             | This is false.
             | 
             | My story, I bought a new widget, a gaming wheel a few years
             | back, and it did not work on my Windows machine, I even
             | reinstalled Windows, installed the drivers from disk it did
             | not work. I send the thing back and report it broken and
             | the guys call me to report that works perfectly. In the end
             | I bought a different model that worked both on Windows and
             | Linux.
             | 
             | So a gadget with official Windows support did not work on
             | my machine, even after I wasted my time reinstalling
             | Windows just in case but worked fine for some support
             | people.
             | 
             | I had a diffrent experience with a USB WifFi antenna , it
             | come with a mini CD with drivers but my PC had no CD Drive,
             | there was no online source for that no name brnd.
             | 
             | I plugged it on a Linux machine and it worked, then I done
             | a lsusb and found the real chip powering the device, then
             | Googled for that I found a compatible Windows driver on a
             | drivers website and I fixed it for Windows machine.
             | 
             | Linux has problems, but install a LTS distro on compatible
             | hardware and you should not have issues for a few years.
             | 
             | To balance things, my latest bad experience in KDE was when
             | Kwin crashed and refused to enable compositing again
             | printing a vague reason in the logs, I found using Google
             | that KWin put an isOPenGLSafe=false in soem log file and
             | refused to start compositing but for some reason (maybe is
             | a valid one) was incapable to print also that "I refuse to
             | start compositing because of this setting - lesson for us
             | devs, when we put stuff in log messages, put as much info
             | as possible
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | I don't see the drive connection type is as important as making
       | sure your backup data stays encrypted.
       | 
       | Now doing this across different operating systems is clunky and
       | quite challenging.
       | 
       | You could use something like True Crypt or Vera Crypt, but
       | mounting your drive then won't be typically as simple as plugging
       | it in.
       | 
       | For that reason it's probably better to have a separate computer
       | for backups connected to the network. That way you don't need to
       | care about encryption on every system you connect it to. It just
       | works (tm).
        
       | luc_ wrote:
       | Been there... Especially when I was in high school with older
       | Ubuntu flavors and trying to dual boot Windows. Booting
       | constantly got fucked up.
        
       | cobertos wrote:
       | > After all, if I elect to use Linux, a niche market by all
       | means, shouldn't I be ready for these kinds of quests?
       | 
       | Yes and no. I think if our only tools are are Google (well, now
       | Kagi for me), Stack overflow et al., and the sites that hold
       | quality content quick to the point, you'll be spending a lot of
       | time on the info finding and not the fixing.
       | 
       | I think it requires a a lot of information organization tools to
       | continue to keep up with it. Or sink more time into info finding.
       | Or just memorize everything if you have a brain for that
        
       | sampa wrote:
       | it is strange not to know to run dmesg first-thing when you have
       | a HW problem for a guy who rants about "I spent several hours
       | fixing a problem and I learned next to nothing in the process"
       | 
       | if you wanna learn, you should've known at least about dmesg
        
         | LoganDark wrote:
         | > if you wanna learn, you should've known
         | 
         | This is a catch-22
        
       | abnry wrote:
       | The best linux evenings are the ones which happen and the
       | StackExchange network is down for maintenance. Got burned once
       | screwing up GNOME on my Ubuntu install, and what do you know, Ask
       | Ubuntu wasn't available.
        
       | gbin wrote:
       | The thing is.... You found a solution and if you wanted to
       | understand you can always look at the kernel doc. When a similar
       | thing happens in Windows, you are just done... Not only you have
       | a very slim chance of not having to reinstall everything but even
       | less understanding what is happening (ie. Probably an intern that
       | committed something in some close source driver than will be
       | silently fixed some day).
        
         | asoneth wrote:
         | If you are someone who can read and understand the kernel doc
         | then I agree that you can be more efficient in Linux.
         | 
         | For the vast majority of the population the response to errors
         | is identical on both platforms: reboot, internet searches,
         | learn to live with it, or reinstall and hope for the best.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | Similar things rarely happen in Windows because Windows has a
         | stable kernel ABI and developers can, do, and are incentivized
         | to supply drivers for their hardware.
        
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