[HN Gopher] Solar furnace to melt steel at 2000degC for Swiss re...
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       Solar furnace to melt steel at 2000degC for Swiss recycler
        
       Author : baseline-shift
       Score  : 51 points
       Date   : 2022-12-14 20:29 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.solarpaces.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.solarpaces.org)
        
       | michael_j_ward wrote:
       | Do I have this Napkin math correct?
       | 
       | 400 tons produced per year (original article)
       | 
       | $1000 per ton (generous [0], current index at $770)
       | 
       | $400k per year revenue (calculated)
       | 
       | $25M Euro investment (original article)
       | 
       | ~63 years payback on *revenue* (being generous again with
       | EURSD=$1)
       | 
       | Do I have that right?
       | 
       | [0] https://www.cmegroup.com/markets/metals/ferrous/hrc-
       | steel.ht...
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | Plus revenue from selling carbon credits. I don't know the
         | value of that.
        
         | jseutter wrote:
         | You have the math right, but the product wrong. They are
         | looking for specific types of steel that are currently
         | unavailable at almost any price. Their order size is too small
         | to warrant returning a phone call from normal steel producers.
         | Certain types of tool steel that are currently available sell
         | for upwards of $3000/ton, but the type of steel they need is no
         | longer a commodity, so the price is likely even higher.
         | 
         | They have 50 tons of scrap steel that is exactly what they
         | need, but need a spot to melt it down for reuse. You can't
         | (partially guessing here) just throw it in an existing smeltery
         | while maintaining its purity. They have been collecting this
         | scrap by talking to other users that also use the same
         | material.
         | 
         | The article mentions they are in the Jura Arc. I didn't know
         | this, but that is a reference to the watchmakers valley in
         | Switzerland. If you're selling a $60k watch, it better be made
         | from 99.999999% pure unobtanium.
         | 
         | I have seen similar situations before where when you start
         | making a niche product, suddenly demand pops out of the
         | background that wasn't there before because the product simply
         | wasn't available. Even if it isn't profitable from day 1 it
         | might eventually become profitable.
        
           | baseline-shift wrote:
           | Wow, that is very interesting and informative. I had not
           | realized that.
        
           | recycledmatt wrote:
           | You would not be able to throw it in a 'smelter' and have it
           | maintain its chemistry - smelters are huge mass production
           | shops. A foundry could do this without problem. They exist to
           | do small, chemically precise runs.
        
           | aaron695 wrote:
        
           | jsnell wrote:
           | Are you sure about that "unavailable at almost any price"
           | part? Their initial inputs seem to be be the scraps produced
           | by the local manufacturers in a relatively tiny area over the
           | last few years. If this grade of steel wasn't available,
           | where did all these local manufacturers get a constant supply
           | from? (I.e. there has to be an existing and supplied market,
           | it's not like they're recycling the steel only from the
           | scuttled German battleships in Scapa Flow or something.)
           | 
           | The use cases are quoted as "watchmaking and medical
           | subcontracting", fwiw.
        
       | rr888 wrote:
       | Much of the heavy industry in the future is likely to be in
       | deserts near the equator.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Which would be nice except people don't live there, so they'd
         | have to pay a premium to workers to relocate and live in an
         | equatorial desert, as well as transport in all the food, water,
         | and housing that they will need. Sort of like ocean oil
         | platform workers.
        
           | monkmartinez wrote:
           | I live in a big, hot desert with millions of others right
           | here in the USA. We are ready for this tech. Intel and TSMC
           | think this desert is pretty awesome, as do I.
        
           | rr888 wrote:
           | Middle East already has a lot of workers from Asia. People
           | follow the money, if the works is there the people will
           | follow. The biggest problem is if it gets too hot to be able
           | to live.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | Sort of like Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Phoenix, Las Vegas? It has
           | worked for the those places.
        
       | recycledmatt wrote:
       | As someone in the recycling supply chain, this is incredibly
       | cool. The possible carbon reduction emissions are massive. This
       | would need to scale up by factors of 100 (400 tons a year is
       | nothing- a single sea borne cargo that is traded is often
       | 32-40000 tons), but amazing to see the cutting edge.
        
       | random3 wrote:
       | That looks like something from the future and the photo made me
       | remember the Dune II windtaps -
       | https://strategywiki.org/wiki/File:Dune_II_wind_trap.jpg
        
       | smm11 wrote:
       | Thermodynamics, blah, blah. Buncha' people no doubt fun at
       | parties.
        
       | baseline-shift wrote:
       | To decarbonize heavy industry, highly concentrated solar thermal
       | is the best option. Heat is the form of energy most responsible
       | for carbon emissions in industries like steel and cement. Solar
       | thermal (duh) generates heat from thousands of "suns" of
       | sunlight.
        
         | Xylakant wrote:
         | Solar may replace the heat component in some applications (as
         | in this one), but in refining steel the carbon is required for
         | the chemical process - it binds the oxygen from the iron.
         | Carbon in that application can be replaced by hydrogen, but it
         | can't be just replaced by another heat source.
        
           | vba616 wrote:
           | How is that carbon emissions? It sounds like carbon absorbed?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _How is that carbon emissions?_
             | 
             | In goes iron ore, a mix of iron oxides and carbon, out
             | comes iron and carbon oxides. The carbon moved from the ore
             | to the atmosphere.
        
       | sfe22 wrote:
       | I always wondered why not use a system like this to heat water
       | and use turbine to generate electricity. Shouldn't this get much
       | higher output efficiency compared to pv panels.
        
         | jws wrote:
         | The maximum efficiency of a steam turbine is just shy of 50%,
         | by the time you have integrated the whole plant, 23-35% is
         | typical. (so says wikipedia)
         | 
         | The sort of solar panels one would use in a large installation
         | are around 23% efficient.
         | 
         | So they are close in "power/hectare". From there it is capital
         | costs and cost of operation that will make the decision.
        
         | nerdawson wrote:
         | Systems like that already exist. They're known as Concentrated
         | Solar Power:
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_solar_power
        
           | sfe22 wrote:
           | Thanks, that is awesome.
        
             | danans wrote:
             | The problem is that it's more expensive on a levelized cost
             | of energy basis than solar and wind.
             | 
             | It might be more competitive if it can be paired with
             | thermal storage, but AFAIK that's not demonstrates at scale
             | yet.
        
               | baseline-shift wrote:
               | The thermal energy storage aspect of CSP is how the heat
               | is accessed to run the power block - it not paired with-
               | like some kind of bolt-on extra - is definitely
               | demonstrated at scale. Just not in the US, which only
               | tried out 5 CSP plants, only 2 with storage. China is
               | currently building 30 CSP plants - all with storage.
               | Here's how thermal energy storage in CSP works
               | https://www.solarpaces.org/how-csp-thermal-energy-
               | storage-wo...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | teruakohatu wrote:
       | > The solar furnace could melt up to 400 tons of recycled steel
       | each year.
       | 
       | This is very little, it's about the amount of steel used in 450
       | cars.
       | 
       | My tiny country with 5 million people (New Zealand) recycles
       | 300,000 tonnes of steel per year.
        
       | jcampbell1 wrote:
       | I'd be willing to bet this design is more expensive than solar
       | panels and using an electric furnace which is common for
       | recycling steel.
       | 
       | You still need some way to deal with rust, and carbon electrodes
       | work great.
       | 
       | Steel is roughly $500 per ton, so they are looking at $200k a
       | year in revenue. This is a cool research project, but the
       | economics are not realistic anytime soon.
        
         | xupybd wrote:
         | Yeah but the site already existed. So it's a very cheap way to
         | test the idea.
        
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       (page generated 2022-12-14 23:01 UTC)