[HN Gopher] The next step in ecommerce - replatform with APIs an...
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       The next step in ecommerce - replatform with APIs and micro front
       ends
        
       Author : djha-skin
       Score  : 73 points
       Date   : 2022-12-12 15:33 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (stackoverflow.blog)
 (TXT) w3m dump (stackoverflow.blog)
        
       | angryasian wrote:
       | I feel like this really is for like a small percentage of
       | companies. If you're already significantly investing in
       | developers to build out a customized front end and infrastructure
       | dev ops, eventually you might move to invest in the back end as
       | well.
        
       | birdhouse wrote:
       | Amazon.com and other major online commerce players are also
       | headless. Different, evolving front ends (think native or web
       | views on iOS or Android, React, vanilla JS, angular, ...) have a
       | direct endpoint, which integrates with different services like
       | product catalog, cart, checkout, recommendations).
        
       | damienwebdev wrote:
       | So, I happen to know this niche extremely well!
       | 
       | I'm one of the maintainers of MageOS (a fork of Magento) as well
       | as a maintainer of Daffodil (a monolithic Angular PWA framework -
       | not Microfrontends yet).
       | 
       | APIS are definitely the way to go but, while that's a great next
       | step, what we're really facing is a standards issues.
       | 
       | Some have tried.
       | 
       | Schema.org as a standard is overly complex and each platform has
       | their own API definition.
       | 
       | Microfrontends can be great as well, but ecommerce has a
       | particularly special problem of requiring extremely performant
       | SSR, so that's always a critical and complex piece to get
       | correct.
       | 
       | However, this article is clearly an ad.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | calvinmorrison wrote:
         | Former M1/M2 Dev here. The benefits of headless to me are that
         | it's far easier to find javascript developers than to ruin
         | someone with learning the Magento architecture.
         | 
         | I haven't seen Magento - under Ebay, under Adobe, under anyone
         | address what I think is the biggest issue facing them - total
         | cost of ownership in comparison to the competition.
         | 
         | Is mageOS mostly just a maintainence mode, keep this alive till
         | everyone can switch off (like the M1 forks that exist) or do
         | you actually envision trying to solve some of the challenges
         | magento is facing as a community and platform?
        
           | neon_electro wrote:
           | Thank you for calling them "JavaScript developers" instead of
           | "front-end developers"; it's accurate.
        
           | damienwebdev wrote:
           | MageOS is not a maintenance mode, unfortunately we don't do a
           | good job expressing that.
           | 
           | The goal is to migrate management of the codebase out of
           | Adobe's hands back into the community's. Community PRs,
           | triage, etc.
           | 
           | We're currently working on getting the entire CI pipeline
           | setup in Github Actions (if you're interested in
           | contributing, we could really use friendly faces, it's quite
           | an undertaking). Once we're past that, we have goals that are
           | in progress:
           | 
           | DevX:
           | 
           | 1. Correct the dep graph of MageOS to be a legitimate DAG and
           | then use nx/bazel/make, etc to compute the build graph. 2.
           | Create codespaces/gitpods/devcontainers for easier day 1
           | devs. 3. Rip GraphQl out into a separate package space. 4.
           | Create smaller more use-case specific metapackages so that
           | you're not forced into all of Magento or nothing. 5. Maintain
           | backwards compatibility with existing Magento packages.
           | 
           | UX: 1. Significantly improve overall performance.
           | 
           | MerchX: 1. Improve Merch documentation and make Merch docs
           | easier to consume.
           | 
           | Generally to your question, we're not interested in
           | maintenance, we're interested in taking on the burden of
           | being a better development effort alongside a better merchant
           | experience.
           | 
           | That said, this is not a sales pitch. The problem is hard,
           | but we'd like to prove that we're harder.
        
             | calvinmorrison wrote:
             | The problem space is huge. It's akin to LibreOffice, we
             | have this huge amount of code, written by enterprises in
             | complex ways, and the end user doesn't care, they just want
             | it to work.
             | 
             | The backwards compatibility is really a challenge, but I
             | think more importantly dumping Knockout and Luma and all
             | that insanity and going towards the Hyva route, or going
             | more-headlessy with a good starter theme would encourage
             | people enourmously.
             | 
             | Magento's frontend cluster-F is the reason we moved away
             | from it. It was great to have such a good pricing engine,
             | integrations pieces, currency support etc, but all of that
             | skillset which is magento's core capability being a really
             | well rounded online OMS is overshadowed by long and
             | expensive turn arounds on frontend work.
        
               | damienwebdev wrote:
               | Fully agree. The problems are hard, the interested talent
               | is limited (who would want to work on line of business
               | software when academia actively pushes people towards
               | other things), and the problem space (all possible online
               | business configurations) is immense.
               | 
               | Re:frontend, you're absolutely correct. Magento's
               | frontend is a sad state. MageOS is actively looking for
               | ways to move Luma/Blank into a separate installable
               | package so that devs are not forced to see it at every
               | turn.
               | 
               | In terms of Headless, there are a bunch of different
               | heads at this point, but none have yet solved what I call
               | the "upgrade-safe theme" problem.
               | 
               | I like what we've done with Daffodil since it doesn't
               | impose any of those limitations that come with themes,
               | while still handling a lot of the complexity that devs
               | face when building ecommerce stores.
        
       | amoopa wrote:
       | As someone who works in the commerce space day-to-day, the trend
       | is interesting and definitely something you will hear a lot of
       | ecommerce managers and businesses discuss.
       | 
       | Aside from the frontend flexibility, one major advantage of
       | building API-first in an ecommerce context is that it can allow
       | different parts of the system to be developed and maintained
       | independently. This can make it easier to update and extend
       | individual components without affecting the overall system -
       | which is often a headache with current systems such as Shopify,
       | Magento etc.
       | 
       | IMO, One of the most interesting nuances in the space is the
       | focus shift between OS and closed-source solutions in this space.
       | The problem for larger companies (+$50M) is that they seek to
       | build something their tech teams can take full ownership of and
       | easily inject custom logic into. This is not as easy with
       | proprietary solutions even if they are headless and API-first.
       | Instead these businesses end up looking into either building
       | something fully custom or seek out open source solutions like
       | Medusa (JS/TS), Sylius (PHP) or Spree (Ruby) to use as a
       | foundation to build a custom setup from.
       | 
       | In general though, the headless / API-first trend definitely seem
       | to be something that a lot of companies are exploring at the
       | moment.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | This feels very much like a submarine ad for Commerce layer.
        
         | JLCarveth wrote:
         | > SPONSORED BY COMMERCE LAYER
        
         | btown wrote:
         | Not even a submarine ad when it literally says SPONSORED BY
         | COMMERCE LAYER at the top!
         | 
         | To that point though - there's no transcript for the podcast. I
         | try to at least describe some technical merit whenever I write
         | a comment like this on HN, perhaps because I would hope that
         | others would do the same if I were to arrange for sponsored
         | content!
         | 
         | But I'm not going to sit through an hour of content and
         | transcribe a quote vs. skimming a transcript to find something
         | cool to highlight. And this isn't even getting into how the
         | lack of a transcript signals how little the brand prioritizes
         | accessibility!
         | 
         | Brands - there's no excuse not to have a machine-initiated
         | human-edited transcript of any corporate podcast when things
         | like OpenAI Whisper exist. Make sure the partners publishing
         | your content are incentivized to do this as well.
        
       | tbassetto wrote:
       | Does someone have a good introduction do micro-frontends? All I
       | see is third-party widgets implemented using iframes or Web
       | Components, and that is usually a nightmare for front-end
       | performance.
        
         | buttersbrian wrote:
         | https://micro-frontends.org/
        
       | calvinmorrison wrote:
       | There's not a lot of ecom discussion on hackernews which is weird
       | to me since that's the line of business I am in.
       | 
       | The trend I see continuing is the commidification and
       | standardization of ecommerce platforms, with Shopify and
       | BigCommerce continuing to chomp away at former giants like
       | Magento (now Adobe Commerce). For most companies, the TCO of an
       | ecommerce platform is an important driver in the decision making
       | process. Companies often balk at the demands of shopify (around
       | what you can and can't do) but then come to terms with it and
       | select shopify as their platform.
       | 
       | For anyone with real budgets (like Nike.com) - totally custom, or
       | building on a practically custom (Adobe) site, there may be moves
       | towards the headless trends, but for the most part, the people
       | (SMB) I deal with do not care about the technology, they just
       | want a short time to launch and a low cost. So for me, I've seen
       | a shift towards to low/no-code platforms and low cost. In the
       | headless space I think fabric is particularly interesting, though
       | I do think Adobe has a chance to do it correctly, but overall,
       | I've sat in on several pitches for going headless and the total
       | cost in just doesn't seem to be worth it.
        
         | leviathant wrote:
         | One of the interesting struggles I see in the space comes from
         | companies that managed to grow on Shopify or BigCommerce, but
         | then reach the limits of those platforms, and looking out into
         | the enterprise space, they get hit with sticker shock, because
         | there's a notable chasm between a Shopify Plus and something
         | like Adobe Commerce or Salesforce Commerce Cloud. It's a little
         | different when you're using those at an enterprise scale, where
         | the cost and performance hits that come with 30+ Shopify Apps,
         | or having to gaze into a crystal ball and give Adobe your best
         | guess at how much infrastructure you'll need next quarter, but
         | if you're a digitally native brand that's grown up on SaaS
         | ecommerce, getting out of the kiddie pool usually means a big
         | change in tech investment.
         | 
         | Of course, everyone in the space is scrambling to say they're
         | headless, because commercetools has absolutely changed the
         | conversation in the ecommerce space, but it's not some magic
         | bullet. It's an architectural decision that should be informed
         | by business needs, e.g. supporting multiple regions, multiple
         | brands, or sharing one backend between your website, app, and
         | in-store experiences. Handily, it does serve as a salve to
         | front-end issues inherent to the all-in-one approach that was
         | so dominant a decade ago. By decoupling the frontend from
         | platforms like Shopify Plus or Salesforce, you get a taste of
         | the speed and freedom that comes with a modern front-end, but
         | also quickly run into no-go zones where even in 2022, there's
         | no API access to important backend features - because there
         | never will be, because that messes with the business model of
         | these platforms.
         | 
         | On the bright side, even taking legacy monolithic platforms
         | like that headless will make it easier to migrate to a more
         | robust API-first backend solution when the time comes.
         | 
         | It certainly makes the most sense with the Nikes and the AT&Ts
         | of the world. Substituting something like commercetools in for
         | their in-house ecommerce systems offsets a huge amount of
         | technical debt, and lets internal teams focus on being more
         | effective at doing whatever makes Nike different from Puma. And
         | while a digital transformation to a MACH approach sometimes has
         | a higher up front cost, companies are clamoring to get away
         | from the millions they spend in maintenance on versioned legacy
         | stacks like Hybris and Salesforce.
        
           | calvinmorrison wrote:
           | And i think that's where Magento should be succeeding.
           | Frankly, Adobe Commerce minus all the AEM and other junk
           | slapped on in the last year or two is just Magento 2 under
           | the hood. It's flexible and extensible.
           | 
           | The benefit of moving to headless to me can be summed up like
           | this: Frontend development strategies, platforms, and
           | libraries are about as ephemeral as a fart. As online OMS
           | systems get as complex as ERPs, it makes little sense to tie
           | OMS capabilities to a specific frontend. That's how Magento
           | 2's frontend got left behind 10 years. They picked something
           | semi-popular and went all in on it (Knockout.JS) and
           | merchants have been paying the price since (literally in
           | terms of $).
           | 
           | Your OMS is going to trend closer to the ERP lifetime, but
           | possible frontend platforms are changing at a rate that is
           | getting shorter, so decoupling allows them to move mostly
           | independently.
        
         | moneywoes wrote:
         | From your knowledge is it still worth trying to enter the
         | Shopify App Store as a business pov or is too saturated?
         | 
         | Wondering where to focus
        
           | calvinmorrison wrote:
           | I don't know. I am building custom integrations between eComm
           | system and some niche ERPs - I haven't had a single person
           | ask me about Magento, but many that asked me about shopify.
        
           | xenospn wrote:
           | I've revisited that idea recently. with the emergence of AI,
           | A lot of possibilities have opened up and it seems like a
           | green field again.
        
         | coastermug wrote:
         | Shopify is excellent from a micro business point of view. Even
         | coming from the perspective of a Python dev with limited FE
         | experience, it's so much easier for the client/business owner
         | to administrate. I have a friend who was a Wordpress developer
         | for 10+ years who couldn't see from a client perspective that
         | the technical limitations of shopify were irrelevant when
         | compared with the hassle of Wordpress ( and it's e-commerce
         | plugins).
        
         | fein wrote:
         | I deal with ecom a lot at work, in which we build out ecomm
         | systems for large(er) companies.
         | 
         | Just about everything is going to AEM with elastic path/ some
         | other ecomm apis and headless frontends (mostly React, namely
         | NextJS, some unfortunately on Gatsby).
         | 
         | I'm not sure what is happening with all the old Magento
         | platforms since Adobe took it over, but I don't think we do
         | much work in Magento any more.
        
           | calvinmorrison wrote:
           | I don't think Adobe knows either. Lots of people are still on
           | Magento 2, and lots of big customers with a LOT of invested
           | money into the platform, however the amount of people jumping
           | into Magento is shrinking as the use case is getting attacked
           | on both ends, on the cost for SMB and the benefits for large
           | companies.
           | 
           | Having talked to adobe reps a bunch it's also they have no
           | idea how things work and how all their tech fits together as
           | Adobe continues to gobble up disparate technologies.
        
       | jebronie wrote:
       | headless is so 2010 good luck with your clunky javascript
       | frontend
        
       | cnj wrote:
       | Full disclosure: I work at commercetools, another player in the
       | space.
       | 
       | The movement towards "headless", API-first platforms has a lot of
       | steam. So much so that older platforms (e.g. Salesforce) are
       | jumping on the bandwagon to stay relevant in the market.
       | 
       | That said, I know there are a lot of startup-focussed readers on
       | HN. This trend is for larger companies who want to really own
       | their customer experience, including their own frontend. You'll
       | have more flexibility, and using an API-first platform will be a
       | lot less work than writing your own backend, but... it's still
       | more work.
       | 
       | If you are small, you need a quick MVP etc. going with a Shopify
       | or BigCommerce is the faster way to start selling. Once you've
       | got a good stream of revenue and you're feeling these platforms
       | are too rigid, looking for an API-first platform is a good idea!
        
         | jebronie wrote:
         | Commercetools sits nicely between way to complicated and too
         | rigid to do anything useful.
        
           | bfeynman wrote:
           | not that long ago there was a trending article on HN about
           | how abstraction was expensive. It is exceedingly difficult to
           | determine and offer the right interfaces for these that can
           | have many different downstream implementations. Definitely
           | not for the faint of heart, feels like a higher level of
           | engineering than most people want/need.
        
             | jebronie wrote:
             | Its just bad. The commercetools projects I have seen are
             | all slow, broken clusterfucks. In one instance they
             | apparently used the search api, that commercetools
             | provides, and the requests take more than 3 seconds in some
             | cases. Maybe they just implemented it badly, but I suspect
             | its a mix of bad implementation and bad api. When I talked
             | with the people that implemented that, about doing more
             | complicated stuff than a run-of-the-mill facetted search,
             | they could not offer a solution. Commercetools apparently
             | uses elastic-search under the hood, but either its not
             | possible to use that directly or not supposed to be used
             | directly. @cnj please correct any misinformation, I confess
             | I haven't spend any time researching this (I was turned off
             | right away).
        
         | disantlor wrote:
         | I find myself regularly trying to talk my clients out of going
         | headless on Shopify. The benefits are so hyped (and potentially
         | real) but the cost/maintenance is significant.
         | 
         | I've come into working on multiple different headless sites
         | developed by others who then walked away and left an entirely
         | non-technical team to sort it out.
         | 
         | A well-built Shopify theme works great and plenty fast for even
         | medium sized companies.
        
         | softfalcon wrote:
         | I tell this to every photographer, maker, and Mom and Pop shop
         | wondering how to get into e-commerce. Thank you for validating
         | my opinion.
         | 
         | It's important to not just choose the correct tool for the job,
         | but also be aware of the scale of tool you need.
         | 
         | There are hammers, and then there are pneumatic powered nail
         | guns, which one do YOU need?
        
         | swalsh wrote:
         | When I worked in a LARGE eCommerce company maybe 6 years ago,
         | everything was driven by CSV files dropped in an FTP folder.
         | There were a few exceptions where companies had API's. Still
         | even those were GET requests initiated by us, and we didn't
         | want to overload them so it wasn't super up-to-date, but that
         | was the norm. I tried to break out to do my own thing, and I
         | realized those automated systems were only for the big guys.
         | 
         | If you were small, you don't even get the privlidge of an
         | inventory file. Vendors don't have time to deal with small
         | guys, and it can be super difficult to get started.
         | 
         | Playing with crypto, and NFT's, I realized this was what I wish
         | was the norm. The indexers were close to real-time. The chain I
         | was using (AVAX) had a finality of 4 seconds, and gas is cents.
         | 
         | What i'm going to describe isn't a solution to a problem the
         | big guys have. They had enough sway with their vendors to get
         | good systems. But for small guys like me, open access to
         | automated systems would have been a god send. My dream system
         | would be something like this:
         | 
         | Think of this happening in a subnet (an app specific blockchain
         | that doesn't share space with other apps, so scale is not
         | affected by other apps)
         | 
         | 1. A Trusted supplier mints a NFT for each of their SKU's (yeah
         | trust and crypto don't go together ideologically, that's a
         | purity problem crypto needs to get over itself, sometimes trust
         | is useful... if you try to build the whole thing trustless,
         | it's not better than traditional systems).
         | 
         | 2. These NFT's are listed in any NFT marketplace that cares to
         | list them. (with subnet-to-subnet messaging, you don't need to
         | duplicate the contracts... so shouldn't have major scale issue.
         | This is a brand new feature, so i'm not super sure though.)
         | 
         | 3. I as a small scale vendor list a sku on my normal site. I
         | can take payment as normal, but then I can call the NFT's index
         | to get real-time inventory (even though I have no preexisting
         | relationship with the vendor)
         | 
         | 4. I get an order, I buy the NFT off the marketplace, and burn
         | the NFT. My customers details are provided in the NFT burn
         | contract. An app specific precompile let's me transmit those
         | details to the vendor without making it public on the block
         | chain (with proof it received it correctly).
         | 
         | 5. After the NFT is burned, an ERC20 token is dropped in my
         | stores wallet. After I get enough of these, I can trade them in
         | for a volme rebate. This let's the small vendors get access to
         | effectively what is a volume discount.
         | 
         | I suppose this could be a SaSS app, but there's a bunch of side
         | benefits to crypto, such as defi, tooling etc. But mainly
         | vendors can customize their own terms if they own the full
         | contract chain.
        
           | ambicapter wrote:
           | > yeah trust and crypto don't go together ideologically,
           | that's a purity problem crypto needs to get over itself
           | 
           | The first white papers I read about crypto emphasized the
           | "trustless" part of it. It's a selling point. They exchanged
           | human trust for computational trust, only now people are
           | realizing the limits of computer trust (namely, anything that
           | isn't digital isn't covered).
           | 
           | What we're looking for now is a way to actually entangle
           | digital assets with physical assets (hence the rise of NFTs,
           | which purport to be a physical thing, or at least the closest
           | thing to).
        
             | swalsh wrote:
             | > (namely, anything that isn't digital isn't covered)
             | 
             | Yep! this was my realization when I first started thinking
             | about the idea. You can't computationally trust the
             | movement of physical stuff. Some amount of trust is going
             | to slip in somewhere. It's better to insert the trustless
             | transactions in the places where the relationship is purely
             | digital. In my example above, you have a large vendor which
             | you (as a retailer) trust has inventory to back up every
             | NFT they minted, and you trust to ship relatively reliably.
             | You can't avoid that trust (though you could build
             | mechanisms to increase your trust like 3rd party audits or
             | something). But the relationship with hundreds of small
             | retailers could be built trustlessly. So it's more like
             | strategic trust as opposed to pure trustlessness.
        
             | PKop wrote:
             | You would always need a central authority to reconcile the
             | state of the physical world with the digital ledger. At
             | that point what is the blockchain for? Or, what does the
             | network look like that "runs" the blockchain? Surely there
             | isn't any mining or proof of work, because there's no
             | internal token to produce this way; the value is all
             | external.
             | 
             | And you cant trust random people to create the token or to
             | reconcile (lie) about the physical/digital correspondence.
             | Entangling digital with physical seems to devolve to just a
             | database with a trusted authority administering it. I don't
             | see any other way.
        
               | swalsh wrote:
               | My design philosophy is to use the blockchain for the
               | parts where it's a good solution, and to not use it for
               | the parts where it's not. For physical products that
               | means adding some trust into the system. For pure digital
               | systems, that means identity, money, or owned objects
               | etc. can go on-chain. Things that are just transient data
               | can go in a traditional database.
        
           | thwayunion wrote:
           | _> What i 'm going to describe isn't a solution to a problem
           | the big guys have. They had enough sway with their vendors to
           | get good systems. But for small guys like me, open access to
           | automated systems would have been a god send._
           | 
           | I guess what I don't understand about this is the incentive
           | structure for the vendor.
           | 
           | If the TAM opened by providing small guys with inventory
           | files is big enough, just put a CSV in an S3 bucket or
           | provide an API that's "free until abusive". No need for
           | middleware and you can probably pay for decades of bandwidth
           | before the middleware's cut comes even close to break-even. I
           | work with a few small vendors, and this is basically what
           | they do. No NFTs, blockchain, or other nonsense needed. File
           | hosting+CSV solved the problem over a decade ago.
           | 
           | This part also doesn't make any sense to me:
           | 
           |  _> After I get enough of these, I can trade them in for a
           | volume rebate. This let 's the small vendors get access to
           | effectively what is a volume discount._
           | 
           | The real question is: how many of these vendors even _want_
           | to work with the small guys?
           | 
           | In B2B, nontrivial volume discounts are justifiable due to a
           | downstream entity's ability to guarantee demand to the
           | upstream supplier. It's a cash-flow thing. If a downstream
           | consumer can _guarantee_ they will buy a certain amount of
           | product, I can take that to the bank (sometimes literally)
           | and invest in growing the business. The reduced volatility
           | and guaranteed demand is worth a 20% discount because it
           | allows me to invest in growth with reduced risk.
           | 
           | Small businesses with JIT inventory and bursty sales are
           | literally the exact opposite of what a small manufacturer
           | wants. As a manufacturer, why would I give a bulk _discount_
           | to the least attractive type of consumer?! It 'd be literally
           | paying for the privilege of taking on someone else's risk...
           | I can understand why my counterparty would love post-facto
           | bulk rebates, but why the heck would I as a manufacturer give
           | them the pleasure of screwing me!?
        
             | swalsh wrote:
             | > just put a CSV in an S3 bucket or provide an API
             | 
             | It's more than JUST inventory. It's inventory, orders, and
             | volume discounts. I don't deny that you could build a bunch
             | of s3 buckets, and API's to solve these problems. Of course
             | you can, we've been doing it for 2 decades. But it's not a
             | great solution. I've worked with them, it sucks. As a
             | retailer I need to automate each one independently. My web3
             | solution gives a single interface for multiple vendors for
             | each function. I believe my solution is simpler. It may not
             | sound simpler because the tech underneath is somewhat
             | complicated. But from a user point of view (as a retailer,
             | and as a vendor) it's WAY easier. I think it's also
             | SIGNIFICANTLY less work for the vendor to implement.
             | 
             | > Small businesses with JIT inventory and bursty sales are
             | literally the exact opposite of what a small manufacturer
             | wants.
             | 
             | Does a vendor care if it's 1 large business or many small
             | businesses in aggregate? It does if it has to deal with all
             | the small guys. The main problem with dealing with many
             | small vendors is the management of it all. This is my
             | solution to making it trivial, so they can get the
             | additional reach, without having to deal with a bunch of
             | small entities.
             | 
             | My goal is to make it easier for small businesses to
             | compete with big business (as in retailers). I think this
             | technology can solve some of the problems that previously
             | made it not worth the time for vendors.
        
               | thwayunion wrote:
               | _> It 's inventory, orders, and volume discounts._
               | 
               | I see. That makes more sense.
               | 
               | The web3 angle seems like a red herring.
               | 
               |  _> It may not sound simpler because the tech underneath
               | is somewhat complicated. But from a user point of view
               | (as a retailer, and as a vendor) it 's WAY easier. I
               | think it's also SIGNIFICANTLY less work for the vendor to
               | implement._
               | 
               | Easier than bespoke, sure. But a web2 platform custom-
               | built for this purpose would surely be easier than web3.
               | Both to implement and to sell to vendors. No?
               | 
               |  _> Does a vendor care if it 's 1 large business or many
               | small businesses in aggregate?_
               | 
               | Well, you definitely care about your counter-party's
               | credit risk and the cost to you of assessing that risk!
               | 
               | Cost of assessment: having one large counter-party vs. a
               | ton of smaller counter-parties is a substantive
               | difference even if they're identical credit risks.
               | 
               | Actual risk: In practice a good number of those small
               | counter-parties are small shops that might keep close to
               | zero capital in their business. Particularly in the case
               | of eg drop-shipping. A typical drop shipper is literally
               | more risky than the end consumer! So counterparty's
               | credit risk is wildly different. A bunch of worthless
               | LLCs running on razor thin margins with very little cash
               | in the bank vs. a large well-capitalized company with
               | significant assets.
               | 
               |  _> My goal is to make it easier for small businesses to
               | compete with big business (as in retailers). I think this
               | technology can solve some of the problems that previously
               | made it not worth the time for vendors._
               | 
               | Aggregating demand is a useful role for an intermediary,
               | but the real product is financial services rather than
               | information services. Playing the role of either auditor
               | or guarantor for aggregated larger purchasing promises
               | made by smaller entities would certainly be a real
               | financial service for which you could charge a reasonable
               | fee (ie take a cut of the discount). But still the vendor
               | doesn't care. They just treat you as the large well-
               | capitalized client. And _your_ customers are the smaller
               | consumers.
        
           | nprateem wrote:
           | > then I can call the NFT's index to get real-time inventory
           | 
           | Do you mean you're selling as an intermediary and aren't
           | holding stock yourself? What sort of industries does that
           | happen in? I'd have thought for most B2C sales you'd hold
           | inventory yourself (that's always been one thing putting me
           | off starting an online shop).
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | swalsh wrote:
             | Some people buy and hold inventory, but it's pretty common
             | to do a process called "drop shipping" where you have a
             | relationship with the manufacturer, and have them ship it
             | to the customer. The benefit for them is YOU deal with the
             | customers, and YOU do the marketing.
        
             | thewataccount wrote:
             | > I'd have thought for most B2C sales you'd hold inventory
             | yourself (that's always been one thing putting me off
             | starting an online shop).
             | 
             | Not sure if this is what you're talking about, but drop
             | shipping (you're a proxy store) and Print-On-Demand (you
             | sell t-shirts but they're made and shipped to the customer
             | by the order from a different company - again you're just a
             | proxy) are very popular.
             | 
             | There's less margin but you remove all of the cost/risk of
             | logistics and inventory
        
               | thwayunion wrote:
               | _> There 's less margin but you remove all of the
               | cost/risk of logistics and inventory_
               | 
               | Risk isn't removed, only externalized. In this case you
               | externalize it to the manufacturer. They know this and
               | are happy to take on the risk... for a price.
               | 
               | That's why the kind of post-facto bulk rebates pitched in
               | GP make no sense.
               | 
               | The Big Big bulk discount the big guys get is the "real"
               | price, and drop shippers get smaller/no discount because
               | they have to pay at least part of the risk premium
               | induced by the drop shipping business model.
        
         | wintogreen74 wrote:
         | I worked with a smaller but decent-sized player in this space
         | and the API components (while difficult) are the easier piece
         | of the puzzle. Micro-front-ends seem really cool but you don't
         | have to dig very deep before your spidey sense starts to
         | tingle. We built on top of CT and others, and the front-end
         | composition was a nightmare, so if you think backend
         | microservices are tough to get right you haven't seen anything
         | yet. In our experience you typically jumped through a lot of
         | hoops to build a custom UI in someone else's walled garden
         | against APIs that had great promise but never got you as far as
         | "API-first" should in terms of custom, sophisticated work
         | flows.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ta3411 wrote:
       | We started building a marketplace startup earlier this year. Back
       | then we were naive and weren't familiar with e-commerce stack
       | (and headless commerce API), so we built everything in house
       | (user management, inventory management, database schema, API,
       | auctions etc.). We have a team of 7 covering across backend, web,
       | iOS, and Android. Are we making a big mistake re-inventing the
       | wheel here? Would love to have some advice on this. When to build
       | vs when to buy when it comes to e-commerce api
        
         | eastbayjake wrote:
         | If you're building a marketplace, your SaaS offerings are more
         | limited because the functionality diverges from B2C Retail...
         | as you've probably (re)discovered, content moderation and
         | approval for catalog information from your third-party sellers
         | is crucial[0] and you'll need to solve interesting problems in
         | promoting and suppressing search results when the business asks
         | you to support paid partnerships with some third-party sellers
         | as "official resellers" or sponsored listings.
         | 
         | Right now Mirakl is the big incumbent in marketplace APIs, but
         | whether that's the right answer will depend on your company's
         | scale, technical capabilities, and margins.
         | 
         | [0] I keep a folder of examples of unmoderated third-party
         | seller content embarrassing large companies running
         | marketplaces, this one is my go-to example:
         | https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/ashli-babb...
        
         | HillRat wrote:
         | There's a real "it depends" flavor to any answer you'll get. If
         | your feature set could be handled by off-the-shelf Magento with
         | a couple of plugins, then, sure, you probably should have gone
         | that way. But if you have unusual needs -- and Magento's
         | rigidity means it's not hard to hit that wall -- then either
         | you create massive technical debt kitbashing Magento or
         | similar, or you go with one of the high-end headless systems,
         | which are both expensive and still require you to build front-
         | and backend solutions around them.
         | 
         | In turn, depending on your needs and the regulatory regimes
         | you're working under, you may find that you could have saved
         | time and money going with an industrial-grade solution that can
         | seamlessly handle taxes, accounting and revenue recognition,
         | multi-vendor logistics, credit/refunds, reverse logistics, etc.
         | (there's a _lot_ of etc.!), but that could be overkill for your
         | requirements. I 've seen SMBs with small digital teams build
         | and run bespoke e-comm solutions handling all their needs (and
         | more effectively than trying to fit a commercial square peg
         | into a round hole), but the more complex and general their use
         | cases, the more trouble they tend to have, especially when they
         | get into multi-stakeholder retail scenarios (e.g., things like
         | splitting a net-90 invoiced order between multiple future
         | dates, vendors and warehouses, and logistics providers, while
         | acting as a subledger that can handle revenue and income
         | recognition properly).
        
         | wintogreen74 wrote:
         | My biggest learning from time in the eCommerce world: trivial-
         | sounding things are very, very difficult to get right, and the
         | edge-cases in api-based solutions are entry-level features.
         | 
         | Take a single one of your items: inventory management. There's
         | SOOO much going on here, people look and say "What's the big
         | deal? decrement an integer!" How do you handle payment failures
         | and dunning management? Subscriptions? Bundles? Incomplete
         | carts? Buy online; pick-up in store? blended inventories?
         | multiple locations? The list goes on and the number of
         | interconnected components makes this really hard to solve.
         | 
         | You're building all this, a marketplace and front ends for web
         | & mobile? With a team of 7? I had a team of 23 and struggled to
         | stay on top of all the nuances in just subscriptions, so you're
         | (a) missing important use-cases or (b) way more effective than
         | my former team. Chances are it's somewhere in between.
        
       | ushakov wrote:
       | Will React Server Components reverse that trend?
        
       | lagrange77 wrote:
       | Can anyone recommend a headless e-commerce platform? I have only
       | looked at saleor.io so far.
        
         | intrasight wrote:
         | Honest question: what is "headless" in this context? Aren't all
         | web back-ends headless?
        
           | cnj wrote:
           | I think your criticism of the term is somewhat valid, in the
           | end these are just back-ends with APIs :)
           | 
           | However, the point the platforms are trying to make is that
           | their APIs have been written with the explicit purpose of
           | building a frontend ontop of them later on.
           | 
           | A lot of the old-school platforms have some APIs as well, but
           | they are meant to e.g. import products or export orders. They
           | are not meant to implement a frontend on top of, because they
           | have a frontend engine as part of their monolith, and many
           | functions you need to write a proper frontend will not be
           | available through their APIs.
           | 
           | So the term "headless" means "we have APIs, and they are
           | designed for you to build a frontend on top of".
        
             | lagrange77 wrote:
             | Well said!
        
             | intrasight wrote:
             | Thank you. The only usage of that term that I was familiar
             | with was that given here:
             | 
             | https://www.howtogeek.com/660841/what-is-a-headless-server/
             | 
             | A "headless" computer system is just one without a local
             | interface. There's no monitor ("head") plugged into it.
             | There's also no keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or other
             | local interface for controlling it.
        
           | FanaHOVA wrote:
           | MVC frameworks like Django, Rails, etc, are not headless by
           | default, as they take care of all frontend rendering.
           | 
           | Headless = frontend and backend are fully separated; the
           | "promise" was to have the backend be used on multiple
           | projects. You would have a headless backend, then a web
           | frontend project, an iOS one, an Android one, etc without
           | having to rewrite any backend code.
        
             | intrasight wrote:
             | So "headless" = " Web API"
        
         | pwillia7 wrote:
         | https://developer.bigcommerce.com/docs/ZG9jOjE4MjIyNjU2-intr...
        
         | dotty- wrote:
         | I've been following https://www.shopware.com/en/ for a couple
         | years. Awesome to see how they've grown in the space. Since
         | it's written in PHP, I feel like it's a great replacement for
         | Magento, especially as Adobe's catered more towards enterprise
         | customers.
        
         | sedzia wrote:
         | Headless e-commerce has been growing lately. See the MACH
         | Alliance [1] to find out about closed-source platforms in this
         | space. One thing to note is that we can see more and more
         | specialization, new categories, such as headless
         | loyalty/PIM/search etc., appeared on the market. Earlier this
         | year, I wrote a short article [2] explaining what problems
         | these APIs try to solve (sorry for the clickbait title).
         | 
         | [1] https://www.machalliance.com/members
         | 
         | [2] https://dev.to/voucherify/whats-mach-and-how-it-can-make-
         | you...
        
         | ssharp wrote:
         | Shopify offers an official headless platform:
         | 
         | https://hydrogen.shopify.dev
        
         | amoopa wrote:
         | Medusa (mentioned above) is one of the most notable in the OS
         | space.
         | 
         | Of proprietary solutions Commercetools & Fabric are often
         | mentioned among larger commerce businesses.
        
         | tmnvix wrote:
         | Snipcart may be of interest.
         | 
         | https://snipcart.com/
        
         | sebrindom wrote:
         | https://github.com/medusajs/medusa
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | Nacelle is another. This is a very industry/salesy website, but
         | they recommend a load of the most mature headless software
         | platforms and integrators for stuff like ecomm and CMS:
         | 
         | https://machalliance.org/
        
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