[HN Gopher] I started taking English classes at the age of 46
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       I started taking English classes at the age of 46
        
       Author : homakov
       Score  : 106 points
       Date   : 2022-12-11 12:13 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (mxgrn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (mxgrn.com)
        
       | gfd wrote:
       | >I start taking English classes at the age of 46
       | 
       | I think it should be "started" instead of "start".
       | 
       | I'm also ESL and have given up on learning English properly after
       | 30 years of trying. Nowadays I just rely on grammarly/gmail (and
       | it does catch this particular example).
        
         | jacooper wrote:
         | Try learning German......
        
         | mxgrn wrote:
         | You're right, thanks! Fixed.
        
       | w-m wrote:
       | Thanks for teaching me the word garrulous! For years in my teens
       | and twenties I built my English vocabulary slowly, by looking up
       | any word I didn't know while browsing the internet. Looking up 15
       | words every day adds up, even if you don't have a system for
       | memorizing them. But there too have I reached a plateau.
       | 
       | I remember taking a test that tries to gauge the size of your
       | vocabulary fairly recently (it was linked and discussed on HN
       | IIRC), and being somewhat disappointed that I, in my mid-30s,
       | rank like a native ~15 year old. I'd like to express myself in
       | more sophisticated ways, like an adult would, but the look-up
       | method is at an end there. Hardly ever do I need to look up a
       | single word when reading tech content, which is what I consume
       | the most.
       | 
       | So for me it would take an effort to seek out such material, that
       | pushes my vocab bounds. Kudos to you for getting active, it's not
       | that low of a hurdle to get started on!
       | 
       | (Corrections welcome)
        
         | peterfirefly wrote:
         | Read books.
         | 
         | East of Eden and Grapes of Wrath by Steinbeck, for example. Or
         | collections of Sherlock Holmes stories. Or Asimov's Foundation
         | series (skip the last couple of books!). Or Night Watch by
         | Terry Pratchett. Or Parliament of Whores by P.J. O'Rourke.
         | 
         | Or go through lists of famous opening lines of novels and maybe
         | pick up a novel that you really like the beginning of ("It is a
         | truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession
         | of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife", "It was the best
         | of times, it was the worst of times [...]", "It was a bright
         | cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen",
         | etc.).
         | 
         | It doesn't matter what it is, as long as the writing is good
         | and you like reading it.
         | 
         | (And don't bother looking everything up. It shouldn't be
         | necessary and it makes the reading process dull.)
         | 
         | Another option is to watch TV.
         | 
         | Watch something you never used to watch before, such as Grand
         | Designs or Would I Lie To You (start with the clip "I
         | accidentally bought a horse" on the "WILTY? Nope!" channel as
         | it has fantastic subtitles... which you WILL need). Or maybe A
         | Bit of Fry & Laurie, for example the sketches about language
         | and the sketch with the pretentious tourists (it's on youtube
         | as "A Bit of Fry and Laurie S02E04 Czech"). Or Jimmy Carr
         | hosting I Literally Just Told You (season 1 episode 2 -- the
         | others are not as good). Or Carr hosting The Big Fat Quiz of
         | the Year/Decade/etc or 8 Out Of 10 Cats Does Countdown.
         | 
         | A third option is radio/podcasts.
         | 
         | The Unbelievable Truth (hosted by David Mitchell), for example.
         | Or In Our Time (hosted by Melvyn Bragg) -- start with some of
         | the older ones as Bragg is no longer as sharp or as clear in
         | his speech as he used to be just five years ago.
        
           | w-m wrote:
           | Thanks for these suggestions! I'm already a fan of Fry and
           | Laurie, of David Mitchell, and have read the Night Watch.
           | (And some Asimov, but in my native tongue.) So it's highly
           | likely I'd enjoy the rest of these things.
        
             | peterfirefly wrote:
             | You're welcome :)
             | 
             | Let's throw in The Importance of Being Earnest and HHGTTG
             | (don't watch the movie). Maybe also some Vonnegut books? My
             | favourite is Hocus Pocus.
        
       | Existenceblinks wrote:
       | I think learning at that age for some people is not going get
       | anywhere (at least for me). And this is not about giving up. It's
       | about being adult is about not giving a shit to a lot of thing.
       | 
       | Learning language process is about > 50% mimicking / copying. I
       | didn't realize until I graduated and worked with a British boss
       | first time. I realize that 90% of schools in my country have
       | taught english wrong all along. In school, they still teach
       | student to mix and match a sentence on their own which is WRONG,
       | resulting in weird non real world sentence with correct or
       | incorrect grammar. Good speaking comes from listening to tons of
       | real world audio / conversation / encounter any arbitrary
       | context. This is akin to the process of training neural network.
       | Good writing comes from reading a tons. And then we start to
       | write and speak _like_ those english speaker.
       | 
       | So at this point my english skills won't going anywhere because
       | my adult's mental model commands me to stop mimicking and
       | copying. For example, this phrase sounds good but I hate it and I
       | won't use it: "that being said, ..." which sounds nonsense to me
       | as non-english speaker, I prefer "however" which sounds mediocre
       | writing but it's a straightforward meaning. Think about it when
       | you translate "that being said" .. it doesn't give a twist hint
       | at all, it sounds like "something is stated" that's it. Excuse me
       | for long whining.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | I am older than TFA's author, and still practice language
         | acquisition.
         | 
         | I generate utterances like I type: fast and with a lot of
         | mistakes.
         | 
         | That being said, I have yet to make the sort of mistake which
         | results in a couple of tons of manure being dumped in front of
         | my house, so I could probably safely stand to loosen up even
         | more...
        
         | joshuaissac wrote:
         | > "that being said, ..."
         | 
         | You can think of it as a contraction of, 'despite that having
         | been said'.
        
         | mxgrn wrote:
         | > It's about being adult is about not giving a shit to a lot of
         | thing.
         | 
         | This. In my little theory, that's exactly the watershed: will
         | one be able to find something exciting to do. If succeeded,
         | learning abilities and creativity follow the energy. It's akin
         | to falling in love, really. But yeah, when you get older, you
         | my need to try harder finding those things.
         | 
         | I couldn't find any tricks as to how to identify such areas of
         | interest, but I "discovered" an indirect factor that raises the
         | chances for that: regular physical exercise, ice baths, proper
         | nutrition, and staying calm. When I feel great, the world
         | suddenly becomes a fun place to live.
        
       | poszlem wrote:
       | As someone who moved to an English-speaking country as an adult,
       | I noticed the temptation to reach a "local maximum" in language
       | learning and stop making progress. This can happen when you feel
       | like you have reached a point where you can get by with your
       | current level of proficiency, but it can actually limit your
       | ability to fully express yourself in the language. The only way
       | to overcome this challenge is to make a deliberate effort to
       | continue learning and improving. I agree with the author of the
       | blog post and appreciate their message.
       | 
       | One thing I also noticed is that the general tendency to be
       | welcoming and non-offensive makes it very hard to get corrections
       | and feedback from people you are talking to. That is very much
       | the opposite approach than what happens in my country of birth
       | (also a Slavic country, as the OP) where people will almost
       | always correct you. I now realise that receiving corrections and
       | feedback, even if it is sometimes delivered harshly, is an
       | important part of language learning.
        
         | drivers99 wrote:
         | In the spirit of giving a correction, and how to get them, the
         | title should say either "I started" or "I am starting" not "I
         | start." I was going to suggest lang-8 for written corrections
         | but it appears they changed to HiNative.com (I'm not
         | affiliated) which appears to be for a combination of
         | corrections and asking language questions.
         | 
         | I used to give language corrections on lang-8. I started to
         | notice there are two types of corrections you can give. One
         | type of error is a true grammar mistake, like saying "a apple."
         | Another is just making it sound more native. In those cases I
         | would sometimes decide how to fix the grammar while keeping the
         | original way of saying it, but also suggest a better way of
         | saying it.
        
           | js2 wrote:
           | "A apple," a grammatical mistake yes, but always makes me
           | smile because it reminds me of the Honeymooners episode where
           | Ralph Kramden gets stage freight presenting he "handy
           | housewife helper" ending his latest get rich scheme.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/em1DEwOtm3I
        
             | drivers99 wrote:
             | Haha "I will now do it the modern way" is really relatable.
             | I'm going to steal that.
        
           | mxgrn wrote:
           | From what I've seen so far, ChatGPT is surprisingly good at
           | editing texts. Would love to hear an opinion from a native,
           | though.
        
           | mxgrn wrote:
           | > either "I started" or "I am starting" not "I start."
           | 
           | ... And suddenly it seems so obvious! Thanks, fixed!
        
             | a_lieb wrote:
             | To be fair: titles and headlines are often written in the
             | tense you used, often to give a sense of energy and
             | intensity. In fact, this is the most common form in news
             | headlines, like "Smith wins 2022 election" or "new
             | statistics show increase in employment rate."
        
               | jlund-molfese wrote:
               | That's definitely true, but just for the third person.
               | 
               | For the second person, "you start taking the bus at age
               | 30" is an imperative statement, which has a totally
               | different meaning from the observation "You start _ed_
               | taking the bus at age 30 ".
               | 
               | And for the first person, "I start the project on Monday"
               | refers to the future, "I started the projected on Monday"
               | the past.
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | Headlinese:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headline#Headlinese
        
           | wrs wrote:
           | Another thing that stood out: "the primary school" instead of
           | just "primary school". It implies there was only one primary
           | school where you lived, which I'm guessing is not what you
           | meant.
           | 
           | I don't give "nativeness" corrections like this unless asked,
           | but when I do, it can be fascinating to dig around in my
           | unconscious language skills to try to explain _why_ things
           | sound "wrong".
        
             | mxgrn wrote:
             | Appreciated the effort! Love these tiny details. Edited the
             | post.
        
         | mxgrn wrote:
         | Thanks for the comment. Wanted to add that, for me personally,
         | effort _has_ to follow fun, and only then it's efficient, and,
         | most importantly, sustainable. This post was partially inspired
         | by an awesome book called Company of One by Paul Jarvis, btw.
        
         | mkoubaa wrote:
         | I don't correct people on the street but I do correct and
         | advise without being asked for people I work with that I know
         | are not native speakers. I have the sense that they appreciate
         | it
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | > the general tendency to be welcoming and non-offensive makes
         | it very hard to get corrections and feedback from people you
         | are talking to
         | 
         | In New Zealand it is usually offensive to "correct" someone's
         | English, because the act of "correcting" pronunciation and
         | grammar is often associated with status signalling (higher
         | education is associated with high status by many stuck-up
         | knobends). The same dynamic occurs in other English speaking
         | countries too. I have seen the same thing in Spanish with
         | madrilenos too, and I am sure it happens in many other
         | cultures.
         | 
         | Correcting someone is often fraught with issues:
         | 
         | * Foreign speakers have clammed up, or gotten upset, when I
         | have carefully tried to help. It is very difficult to be
         | tactful without causing embarrassment.
         | 
         | * Many native speakers are ashamed if caught out making
         | mistakes, so we eventually learn to avoid correcting the
         | mistakes of others, even humdingers.
         | 
         | * Usually we want to remain on the topic of conversation. It is
         | hard to inject corrections without breaking the flow, even in a
         | one-on-one conversation. Nearly impossible in a social
         | environment.
         | 
         | * The mistakes of ESOL speakers are often ingrained and
         | resistant to improvement. Trying to fix errors over and over
         | again is tiring for both people.
        
         | 988747 wrote:
         | I am such person, stuck at "local maximum". I do still live in
         | my country of birth, though. One of the reasons I'm stuck is I
         | keep thinking: "Should I invest more time in learning English,
         | or maybe it's better to start another language? (Spanish
         | perhaps)" ROI with learning new language seems much higher than
         | learning more English, just to avoid occasional hiccups in my
         | conversations.
        
         | ezequiel-garzon wrote:
         | I'd like to offer a counterpoint: quite likely you'll reach a
         | ceiling unless you move as a kid or, better yet, as a toddler
         | or baby! I spent ten years in the US, and was very lucky to
         | have a wonderful native uncle who cared a lot and, sometimes
         | tenderly and other times quite bluntly, corrected me
         | constantly, but naturally this became less frequent.
         | 
         | I was 17 years old when I arrived in the US, and after half a
         | year there I could almost sense getting better by the day, it
         | was an extremely exciting experience. My very naive illusion,
         | however, was that this progress would stay linear until I
         | caught up with the natives, but it unsurprisingly plateaued, in
         | particular when it came to my accent and pronunciation. But
         | again, that first half year felt amazing!
        
           | frant-hartm wrote:
           | The effects of just absorbing what's around you diminishes at
           | the C2 level. From my experience a huge effort must be made
           | to improve beyond that, e.g. pronunciation won't improve
           | without focused effort - you need a tutor or youtube videos
           | on the topic.
           | 
           | Still, great improvements can be made in niche areas - know
           | you are traveling to Scotland for holiday? Watch video or two
           | about the accent differences, few movies and you understand
           | 95 % in no time.
        
           | somrand0 wrote:
           | nah, I disagree.
           | 
           | I've been trying to express complex ideas at the limits of my
           | own grasp of language (including my native one) since always.
           | And so long as I've kept trying I have kept improving. Surely
           | diction is difficult, but you would have probably needed some
           | diction tutoring or other tips to better use your mouth to
           | sound like a native. It is possible but it's work.
           | 
           | so this is my counter point to your counterpoint.
        
             | ezequiel-garzon wrote:
             | Plateauing is compatible with maintaining an upward trend.
        
         | tragomaskhalos wrote:
         | In the UK there is indeed a reluctance to correct people's
         | English as you say, but if you live somewhere like London you
         | are surrounded by non-native speakers so apart from other
         | considerations it would also be exhausting to correct
         | everyone's errors. We must also be mindful of the reality that
         | English is the global language, and as such it is arguably not
         | the place for someone who speaks a particular dialect to be
         | overly prescriptive. The situation in a Slavic county is likely
         | to be different - a non-native speaker is I suspect far more of
         | a novelty, and the reasonable assumption for native
         | interlocutors is that the non-native is actively eager to
         | improve their proficiency rather than merely trying to get by
         | in the language, so feedback is welcome.
        
       | argella wrote:
       | Question for ESL people here.
       | 
       | One of my direct reports is a non-native English speaker. He has
       | a pretty thick accent and talks fast. Common feedback I get from
       | customers we work with is that he can be hard to understand.
       | 
       | I plan on giving him some career advice that he should work on
       | this. Talk slower, consider working on reducing his accent.
       | 
       | Any suggestions on how to do this in a way that is sensitive /
       | not-offensive?
       | 
       | My first instinct is just to say it, share comments I'm getting
       | from our customers, etc. but I don't want it to be hurtful. It's
       | really a "you could be more effective if ... " thing.
        
         | thriftwy wrote:
         | You could say that some of the customers, who are not native
         | speakers themself, havd trouble keeping up with his speed of
         | speech.
         | 
         | That would likely both be true and remove entitlement from the
         | question.
        
         | bojan wrote:
         | > Any suggestions on how to do this in a way that is sensitive
         | / not-offensive?
         | 
         | Offer him a course or private lessons paid by the company (with
         | the company investing ideally both money and time). They are
         | probably aware of their accent and shouldn't refuse the
         | possibility to improve.
         | 
         | If they do refuse, then it's a bit questionable if you want to
         | work with a person that is not open for feedback.
        
         | Adverblessly wrote:
         | > Any suggestions on how to do this in a way that is sensitive
         | / not-offensive?
         | 
         | Wouldn't that depend on what culture he is from and what that
         | culture considers offensive?
         | 
         | Either way, I've heard good things about "Accent makeover"
         | classes, so if they are available to him, maybe it is
         | worthwhile to pay for him to take such a course?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | anyfactor wrote:
       | I sometimes think about sitting down and properly learning
       | English. But for some reason, I think that would be a waste of
       | time.
       | 
       | The issue is that my mistake stems from my carelessness, not from
       | my knowledge of English grammar. One of the most common mistake I
       | make is forgetting to use sub-three letter words to my sentences
       | like - to, is, and, or etc. Now the issue is that, this IS 80% of
       | what English grammar stands for. My writing style is kinda
       | keyword focused, if that makes any sense to anyone.
       | 
       | The internet as a whole has become quite tolerant and the spaces
       | I dwell usually don't criticize me for my bad grammar. My keyword
       | focused statements gets my ideas across. Also I found that, if I
       | cared too much about something I end up not expressing it. So the
       | only things I talk about are my impromptu ideas which are jumbled
       | and careless.
        
         | yodsanklai wrote:
         | > The issue is that my mistake stems from my carelessness, not
         | from my knowledge of English grammar
         | 
         | I remember one time when I asked a native speaker to proof-read
         | an article I wrote. Most of my mistakes were missing "s" in the
         | present tense, one of the first thing you learn as a beginner.
         | 
         | > I sometimes think about sitting down and properly learning
         | English. But for some reason, I think that would be a waste of
         | time.
         | 
         | Same here. My company would pay for English lessons (3h a week
         | with an English coach). It's quite a commitment and I'm worried
         | that I'm way past the diminishing returns and it would take
         | tons of effort for barely noticeable improvements. On the other
         | hand, I'd love to get better and it'd be helpful professionally
         | for sure.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | kekkidy wrote:
        
       | MisterBastahrd wrote:
       | I think one of the best ways to increase your overall ability to
       | utilize a language is to read as much fiction as you can. Authors
       | do not like to sound repetitive. As they write their novels, they
       | will be forced to find alternate ways to say the same thing.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | Agreed, and I had one language prof who said she could always
         | tell who in her courses read for pleasure and who did not.
        
         | abudabi123 wrote:
         | Online gambling promoters are the best communicators. They
         | hustle and you feel as if you are in control and there is the
         | investment ad with fine print after the aster saying, "You do
         | not own..".
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | Also, authors write dialogue, which is speech as it would be
         | said.
         | 
         | This is an important distinction in languages where talking
         | like, say, a newscaster, would sound extremely stuffy and
         | awkward.
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | I've read about native English speakers who take classes to
       | cleanse their colloquialisms from their speech. It's for
       | conducting business with people who speak English but not
       | natively. OP in a way is trying to do the opposite.
        
         | mxgrn wrote:
         | Well, only in a way :) I don't think colloquialisms are
         | necessarily what I'm after, but rather a richer, literate
         | language.
        
           | jollofricepeas wrote:
           | For American "literate"language favored by artists and
           | elites:
           | 
           | Avid book readers of classic and Early Modern English
           | literature have a much wider and expressive vocabulary, and
           | are more likely to pepper their speech with socially-accepted
           | literary references.
           | 
           | But for richer American language:
           | 
           | I especially love the colloquialism, grammar and accents
           | across the American regions. They're so vibrant, punchy and
           | exciting. This is best experienced in person when traveling
           | and stopping into local restaurants but can also be found in
           | literature, music and social media as well but it requires
           | effort to find which it what makes it fun.
           | 
           | In my case, I ask myself a question like what does a 40 year
           | old blue class worker from New Jersey or a 19 year old
           | Floridian rapper sound like, then the hunt is afoot.
           | 
           | Elites find local speech ignorant but I find it mesmerizing -
           | a radiant, colorful flower in a sea of sameness.
        
             | js2 wrote:
             | > blue class worker
             | 
             | Blue collar, a reference to the working class wearing blue-
             | collared shirts as opposed to the professional class
             | wearing white-collared shirt.
             | 
             | Blue class workers are sad students, or maybe Smurfs. :-)
             | 
             | > Elites find local speech ignorant but I find it
             | mesmerizing.
             | 
             | On account of because of your comment, I think you'd really
             | enjoy _Ball of Fire_ (1941).
             | 
             | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=OwcxH46a16g
        
               | yetanotherloser wrote:
               | It's possible that blue class workers got those blues
               | real bad. I asked their women for comment, but they said
               | they woke up this mornin', upped, and left 'em. The only
               | ones I could catch up with were very old ones from the
               | Missisippi Delta region, who admitted to feeling like a
               | broke down engine...
        
         | mabbo wrote:
         | Damn, I would probably benefit from that.
         | 
         | I've had a number of misunderstandings over the last decade
         | where in hindsight, my communication was the root cause. My
         | favourite: "I would". Meaning "in your situation, I would do
         | X". And the person later came back and said "but you said you
         | would do it".
        
           | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
           | Ooo, that is a particularly great example - I wouldn't have
           | thought of that (no pun intended), and I pride myself on
           | being able to scale my use of English to the skill-level of
           | the person I am speaking to.
           | 
           | In fact, even if I was in "speak simply" mode, I would still
           | use "would" instead of, perhaps, "recommend," as "would" is a
           | shorter word: I favor simpler words over multi-syllable
           | versions when trying to be maximally understandable to
           | someone whose native language is not English. I'm glad you
           | brought it up!
        
             | mabbo wrote:
             | To this day, I'm still unsure whether there was a
             | misunderstanding or if I was being taken advantage of, but
             | I presume good intent from the person.
        
           | frant-hartm wrote:
           | As a non-native speaker, I fail to see how that can be
           | understood differently.
        
             | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
             | Which meaning of it do you feel is the one that is clear to
             | you?
        
               | LaLaLand122 wrote:
               | I would never understand it as "but you said you would do
               | it", I would say "would" is safe to use with non-natives.
               | But it may depend on the native language of the other
               | person. There are some really weird languages out there!
               | 
               | The other day Duolingo did show me you can say "i A i B"
               | ("i" being "and") to say "both A and B". Start a sentence
               | with "and", a conjunction, without anything before to...
               | "conjunt"... I still can't parse it without raising an
               | exception.
        
               | frant-hartm wrote:
               | I understand it as an advice, recommendation - "If I were
               | you, I would do X".
               | 
               | After re-reading I probably see the issue, but you never
               | said "I will do X" which changes to would in reported
               | speech:
               | 
               | I will do X -> You said you would do X.
               | 
               | Did they understood "I would do X" as "I will do X"?
        
         | cromka wrote:
         | Interesting point, never thought of that. As an ESL speaker,
         | somewhat advanced and with an experience of living in the US
         | for a while, I have learned many colloquialisms that I recently
         | had to become more aware of when dealing with someone speaking
         | the language at a much more basic level. So this concept
         | actually applies to people like me, too, and maybe even more
         | so, since we're less likely to be able to instinctively
         | evaluate how common or rare a colloquialism can be to a another
         | foreign ear.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | I too try my best to learn and use colloquialisms. Excessively
         | formal language is very academic, something you learn in a
         | school rather than by actually communicating with other humans.
         | Inability to understand and communicate using informal language
         | and slang marks us as foreigners. Even subtle differences in
         | word choice can sound weird to native speakers.
         | 
         | I test my fluency by attempting to pass off as a native speaker
         | on the internet. If anyone ever suspected I'm not a native
         | speaker, they never told me. I was once unmasked in an old
         | video game though because of a mistake specific to that game
         | and people from my country, a mistake I had internalized since
         | childhood. That was quite shocking to me...
        
           | kingbirdy wrote:
           | > I was once unmasked in an old video game though because of
           | a mistake specific to that game and people from my country, a
           | mistake I had internalized since childhood. That was quite
           | shocking to me...
           | 
           | I'm curious to know what the "mistake" was here. Is it
           | something like referring to in-game items via their name in
           | your native language, instead of English?
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | Yeah, sort of. The game is Tibia, it has an item called
             | copper shield. When I was a kid, all my friends and I used
             | to write and pronounce it as cooper shield. I internalized
             | that mistake to the point I actually thought the item was
             | called cooper shield despite knowing what copper is.
             | 
             | So decades later I went a gaming community on the internet
             | and suggested we all play this old game. Everything was
             | fine until I said cooper shield. One guy immediately
             | messaged me "br?" and I was shocked. No one else noticed
             | it. Turns out he was also a foreigner who learned
             | portuguese by playing the game together with brazilians and
             | he recognized that specific brazilian mistake.
        
           | yodsanklai wrote:
           | > a mistake I had internalized since childhood
           | 
           | This can happen even in our native language.
        
           | bojan wrote:
           | > I test my fluency by attempting to pass off as a native
           | speaker on the internet. If anyone ever suspected I'm not a
           | native speaker, they never told me.
           | 
           | How does this work exactly? Do you explicitly say you're a
           | native speaker and then wait until someone realizes you are
           | not and tell you?
           | 
           | Because I don't see it happening that people will tell you
           | they don't think you're a native speaker organically, in a
           | conversation that's going on about something else.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | On anonymous and pseudonymous communities, people tend to
             | assume everyone's american for various reasons. This is
             | also true here on HN.
             | 
             | In my experience, when people think someone else is a
             | foreigner, they ask them where they're from. The assumption
             | that they were talking to an american was violated so they
             | try to determine who they're actually talking to. So if I
             | can manage to not violate that assumption, it must mean
             | that my speech resembles that of an american native
             | speaker.
        
         | aix1 wrote:
         | Reminds me of this classic: https://greatbritishmag.co.uk/uk-
         | culture/what-the-british-sa...
         | 
         | "What Brits say vs what they actually mean."
        
           | cardanome wrote:
           | As a German I feel this is just common sense polite speech.
           | 
           | The only think cracking me up regularly is getting asked "How
           | are you?". I just can't get used to it. Every time I hear it
           | I have a split second reaction of actually processing how I
           | am feeling before reminding myself it was just meant as a
           | phrase.
           | 
           | It is such a shitty thing to ask. It makes me more aware of
           | my feelings but sets the expectations that I am not allowed
           | to actually verbalize my feelings. Don't ask if you are not
           | prepared for an honest answer.
           | 
           | And yes, I know it is just a ritualized thing. Still annoys
           | me.
        
             | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
             | I get the same feeling of momentary compulsion to exactly
             | answer a greeting when confronted with two very common
             | greetings in Thai: "Have you eaten rice yet?" and "Where
             | are you going?"
             | 
             | To this day, I am still not entirely confident in how I
             | should respond with to the prior.
             | 
             | In regards to the English "how are you?" greeting, think of
             | it as a formulaic inquiry meant only to ensure there isn't
             | anything absolutely horrible going on with you at that
             | exact moment - anything lesser equates to "fine" or "I'm
             | well, thanks."
             | 
             | More broadly, it is an appropriate situation to note
             | anything out of the ordinary going on - "oh wow, I am so
             | tired this afternoon!" etc to scope the ensuing situation.
             | The greeting really is a question that equates to being
             | asked "is there anything particularly out of the ordinary
             | going with you right now I should know about that would
             | impact us talking?" If there isn't, "I'm well, thanks."
             | 
             | (I know you know all this, but your comment got me musing
             | on the topic.)
        
             | DFHippie wrote:
             | As a native speaker of English, when someone asks me that I
             | _do_ try to express how I am, but I know my response is
             | being interpreted relative to a baseline of how people
             | answer this question. If I 'm having a rough day I will
             | answer differently from how I would on a good day. But
             | while doing this I'm balancing all sorts of other
             | considerations: how much time I can spend away from other
             | topics, whether I want a closer or more formal relationship
             | with the other person, what they want, etc. I modulate my
             | response relative to the communicative baseline, so my
             | interlocutor, if they're fluent, can infer that I'm doing
             | well or poorly, I'm in haste or willing to take some time,
             | that I put great stock in the my relationship to them or
             | little.
             | 
             | I think this implicit communicative baseline is a huge,
             | invisible barrier to communication among people who are
             | apparently fluent in a common language. You can still
             | understand the question as serious and answer it honestly
             | conveying how you are to the speaker, and have it come off
             | as fake or formulaic to people not aware of the baseline.
             | I'm sure this is true for all languages. The problem, of
             | course, is acquiring a knowledge of these baselines and the
             | context in which they apply is extremely difficult, often
             | even for native speakers. The native speakers find it
             | difficult to introspect about this and explain why they
             | interpret things as they do. Because it is invisible to
             | them, it is difficult for them to teach this to someone
             | else. And it is difficult for them to realize someone else
             | is not doing this and therefore not be offended by non-
             | natives, or people with ASD or whatever, not communicating
             | relative to this baseline. A Dutch person saying something
             | bluntly isn't "just being honest". They are just comporting
             | themselves relative to the Dutch baseline. A Japanese
             | person using non-confrontational polite formulations isn't
             | being dishonest. They assume you are familiar with the
             | Japanese baseline (while not necessarily even being aware
             | this is their assumption).
             | 
             | I think it is common for people to believe people from
             | their native culture come in all sorts but people from
             | other cultures all have personalities in a tight range.
             | They're all lazy or wily or emotionless or angry or cold. I
             | think what they're perceiving is the way one communicative
             | baseline deviates from another. They take this difference
             | as a deliberate, communicative modulation away from _their_
             | baseline, the honest, neutral one. To them, the other
             | person 's neutral state is not neutral. They always speak
             | as they they're angry, say, or in a hurry, or trying to
             | deceive. It is analogous to the way people perceive
             | themselves as having a neutral, invisible accent and all
             | other people speak in some quirky way.
        
             | zdragnar wrote:
             | I (a native english speaker) frequently ask this question
             | at the start of conversations. and I am actually seeking
             | information- it is not an empty ritual.
             | 
             | The following are in the context of a workplace
             | conversation; other types of conversations may vary
             | slightly depending on the scenario.
             | 
             | Specifically, I am trying to understand how to set the tone
             | for a conversation. If you are feeling stressed, busy,
             | exhausted or frustrated, I may keep banter to a minimum,
             | decide to ask for a meeting later instead of engaging a
             | full conversation now, or even decide that whatever caused
             | me to get your attention in the first place is less
             | important and offer to help you instead of asking for your
             | help.
             | 
             | If you are feeling bored, content or happy, I might ask for
             | more direct help than limiting the conversation to simply
             | getting an answer to a question.
             | 
             | No matter what the answer is, I'm also trying to use
             | showing an interest in you to set the tone of the
             | conversation to one of camaraderie and collaboration,
             | rather than direction, accusation or competitiveness.
             | 
             | There's a ton of nuance involved, no set rules, and the
             | actual amount of time I am expecting to spend on the topic
             | correlates pretty strongly to how well I know you. I'm not
             | asking to be your therapist or your friend, but I _am_
             | hoping for an honest answer, and if anyone expresses that
             | they are struggling, I will offer to help however I can.
        
             | secondcoming wrote:
             | How is it different from 'Wie gehst?', which is "How's it
             | going?" which has the same rules as 'How are you?'
        
       | pythonguython wrote:
       | I'm a native English speaker currently studying Russian in
       | Kazakhstan, and I completely understand the frustration of
       | lacking sophistication. It can become a negative feedback loop
       | where lacking the ability to have fun and nuanced conversations
       | causes me to avoid talking in the target language, which then
       | only brings me further from reaching the language level I want.
       | It certainly takes dedicated effort - language learning by
       | osmosis can only take you so far as an adult. P.S. I had to look
       | up the word "garrulous", so kudos to you for the vocab word.
        
       | lambdadmitry wrote:
       | Two things I observed while slowly getting better at English.
       | 
       | First, the "sophistication" can backfire. There're a lot of
       | comments about reading here, but there're very fine lines between
       | 
       | - "simple English", think a stereotypical ESL speaker
       | 
       | - "well educated" English, think a native posh college alumni
       | 
       | - "colloquially broken" English, the way native speakers speak to
       | their friends
       | 
       | - "out-of-place highfalutin" English, a hallmark of someone who
       | didn't have a chance to experience the variety of contexts
       | growing up in an English speaking country.
       | 
       | It's quite hard to balance those, but I guess it just comes with
       | time and practice while being mindful of it. For me personally it
       | worked in waves, from unnaturally-broken to too-correct to
       | feeling comfortable enough to break the grammar in natural ways
       | to noticing more unnaturalness to... you got the idea.
       | 
       | Second, and I'm forever grateful to the person who first
       | introduced me to this idea, is realising that high level language
       | acquisition can only come with a new personality attached. It's
       | very weird and disorienting if you're not aware of it happening,
       | but it's a natural and necessary part of it. You need to grow a
       | personality to _feel_ in your second /third/etc language, to
       | react to jokes on the spot, to make friends, to dream, to live in
       | that language context. It often differs from one's
       | identity/personality in the first language, and that's fine, it's
       | just as valid. Embracing the process and the difference makes
       | things easier.
       | 
       | I don't think it's possible to do that through learning though.
        
         | lambdadmitry wrote:
         | Something else that came to mind while I was reading the
         | comments: you _do_ want phonetics /pronunciation classes when
         | you're C2+. Do learn IPA and learn the sounds, it's crucial not
         | just for your accent but for understanding others. I found [1]
         | very useful, but only combined with a great tutor.
         | 
         | Something I didn't appreciate enough is that we don't actually
         | hear sounds when we hear people speaking. We hear _phonemes_ ,
         | which are clusters of physical sounds that make semantic
         | difference in the language. The clusters themselves aren't
         | fixed either, they are very loose and mostly defined through
         | what they are not -- i.e., the difference that we perceive in
         | "lip" and "leap" is not absolute, the actual sounds might
         | easily overlap between speakers, but we adjust to the
         | particular accent/speaker using the fact that they probably
         | still have two separate phonemes there.
         | 
         | It works very well until one starts to learn a second language
         | that might have not just different "clusters", but a different
         | number of them. My first language is Russian, and in Russian
         | there are just fewer semantically meaningful vowels; I honestly
         | thought that the word "milk", moloko, has three roughly
         | equivalent sounds, whereas in English that'd probably be heard
         | as two or three distinct vowels ([m@la'ko]). Similarly, Russian
         | "soft" sounds like m in miata are widely heard as having "j" in
         | them, "m-ya-ta", while native speakers just don't hear that.
         | 
         | Phonetics training helps to start actually hearing all those
         | sounds, to adjust our inbuilt clustering and start perceiving
         | things that natives do. You suddenly start understanding native
         | accents much better, and gain a new appreciation for the
         | language and its beauty.
         | 
         | It's just as much about perception as it is about accent.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_pair
        
       | yodsanklai wrote:
       | I think English is peculiar in the sense that tons of people use
       | it as a second language, and there are also many local variants
       | that sound quite different. As a result, I feel that English is a
       | more flexible language than let say French.
       | 
       | I wonder how often English native speakers here on HN feel that
       | some comments aren't clear or odd-sounding due to approximative
       | English. It's something I barely have experience of in my native
       | language, as there are comparatively fewer foreigner speakers.
       | And when reading HN comments, I'm mostly incapable of guessing
       | the origin of the commenter (with a few exceptions).
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | I can definitely recognize the writing styles of non-native
         | speakers and can sometimes guess their primary language by the
         | way they write. For example, Russian speakers tend to omit
         | articles before nouns and speakers of romance languages often
         | prefer Latin-derived words which also exist in English over
         | more common Germanic words because those words transliterate
         | easily from their language.
         | 
         | I love it. It helps some of their culture and personality show
         | up in their writing. It reminds me how diverse and varied the
         | world is, and what a delight it is that we can come together on
         | the Internet.
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | For precisely the reason you stated - loads of non-native
         | English speakers for all over the world - you just get used to
         | it. I'm so used to "broken" English that's it just not really a
         | big deal. I know what they meant. Drop all the articles and
         | don't conjugate verbs for all care (many verbs don't even
         | change in most tenses anyway), it rarely makes a difference.
         | And if I'm not sure I'll ask.
         | 
         | English is flexible, adaptive, and with a rich vocabulary. In
         | my experience is pretty hard to not be understood, no matter
         | how poor your English. Don't know what something is called?
         | Just put two words together, I'm sure it'll be good enough to
         | be understood.
        
         | icambron wrote:
         | Oh I notice oddities all the time. Unusual word orders,
         | preposition use, that sort of thing. As an example "I barely
         | have experience of" is perfectly clear but not idiomatic,
         | enough to tag you as likely non-native (compare to "I've barely
         | experienced"). The thing about most native English speakers is
         | that we don't care; we're just happy everyone else is speaking
         | English. If the cost of every person in the world being able to
         | communicate with me is hearing some very-slightly-off phrasing,
         | that is a great bargain.
         | 
         | (It's also not always true. While I'm relatively familiar with
         | UK, Irish, Aussie, and NZ English and can often identify them
         | in writing, Indian and Singaporean English still send me for a
         | loop, and I likely mistag them. They have just as strong a
         | claim to "native" as I have, of course, but they sound
         | "foreign" to my ears.)
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | > _As a result, I feel that English is a more flexible language
         | than let say French_
         | 
         | French is only stuffy and inflexible in France.
         | 
         | Travel the length of West Africa and you'll quickly learn it is
         | extremely malleable and fun to play with. For many people it's
         | their 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th language, so they're making it up
         | and playing with it too!
        
         | RugnirViking wrote:
         | yeah, like others have said, it's very easy to see a lot of
         | non-native english comments all across the internet, tv, real
         | world, in pretty much every space. It's something that it's
         | fairly easy to ignore - people are usually able to get their
         | point across, especially because native speakers have a whole
         | lot of experience with interacting with non-native speakers,
         | especially those from major language families, so can usually
         | recognise patterns in broken grammar.
         | 
         | It's something I have experienced the other way too, living
         | abroad as a native english speaker, I realised how much more
         | perfect I had to get things, because there are very few
         | foreigners learning to speak this language, so I have to be
         | much more precise with how I phrase things, as people don't
         | have the practise with parsing my broken language haha.
        
       | tayo42 wrote:
       | The comment about discovering as you write is interesting. Might
       | have to give that a shot. I never really had a motivation to
       | write.
        
       | Twisol wrote:
       | This is one of those titles that doesn't make sense when HN drops
       | the leading word. It should be:
       | 
       | > Why I start taking English classes at the age of 46
        
         | biggerChris wrote:
        
         | b212 wrote:
         | Also had no idea about the mechanism. Why?
        
         | regzok wrote:
         | Wasn't even aware HN is doing that.
        
       | Tempest1981 wrote:
       | What's a good rule for when to use "the" before a noun?
       | I liked the movie       I installed the new update       I
       | installed the new Python       I installed ~the~ Python 3.11
       | I visited ~the~ Brazil       I visited the Amazon River       I
       | visited ~the~ San Francisco
       | 
       | Seems very inconsistent. Exclude "the" before _some_ proper
       | nouns.
        
         | tragomaskhalos wrote:
         | See also:
         | 
         | - He is in hospital
         | 
         | versus
         | 
         | - He is in the pub
         | 
         | Does this mean _any_ hospital vs a _specific_ pub? No! It 's
         | just the idiom, and you have to get a feel for it. On the plus
         | side, it's these sort of crazy nuances that help make email
         | scams more detectable.
        
           | jfk13 wrote:
           | It can be either "in hospital" or "in the hospital"; this
           | tends to be a regional difference. UK English prefers without
           | "the", while US English is likely to include it.
           | 
           | "in pub", on the other hand, would never be right.
        
             | wl wrote:
             | "Likely" is not a strong enough word here. In US English,
             | "in hospital" without the "the" is a grating error.
        
               | jfk13 wrote:
               | You're probably right, but I wasn't sure if there might
               | be some regional variation even within the US.
               | 
               | In contrast, if you asked where my son is and I replied
               | that "he's in school", I think that'd be fine, wouldn't
               | it? Or "in prison"? (Well, that would be less fine, but
               | not for grammatical reasons...)
        
               | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
               | Yeah both of those responses would be correct and how I
               | would answer as a native speaker. Though depending on the
               | context I would likely say "at school" vs "in school" as
               | my default response.
               | 
               | US native English speaker, so this may depend somewhat on
               | what variety of English is being used.
        
               | ryanf wrote:
               | Yes, in US English you'd say "in school", "in prison",
               | but "in the hospital", for whatever reason. But you'd say
               | "in hospice".
        
         | somrand0 wrote:
         | you're omitting "the" when using capitalized nouns. except when
         | prepending "new"
         | 
         | in a way, I understand that the function of "the" is some kind
         | of emphasis (or something). The answer you seek is not
         | syntactic, but semantic.
         | 
         | I liked the movie... But which one?
         | 
         | I liked Movie-Title. Now there's no doubt which one was it.
         | 
         | My point is that to say "I installed THE python 3" could be
         | understood as a sort of emphasis... I installed THE python 3
         | could signal (in the appropriate context) that you did not
         | install python 3 from the conda foundation but the one from THE
         | PSF (this is a shoddy example, but this is a random comment on
         | the internet)
         | 
         | I watched Star Wars. I watched THE ('complete', or 'original',
         | or 'new') Star Wars trilogy
        
         | zach_garwood wrote:
         | Welcome to the English language, where the grammar is made up
         | and the words don't matter.
        
         | Adverblessly wrote:
         | ESL speaker here :)
         | 
         | I think one of the "mistakes" the English language makes is
         | that adjectives preceed the noun they modify which "leaves you
         | hanging" until you are listening/reading the sentence until you
         | reach the noun and can now understand the last phrase.
         | 
         | It seems like your error here is partially due to that.
         | I liked the movie       I installed the update (new)       I
         | installed the version of Python (new)       I installed Python
         | 3.11       I visited Brazil       I visited the river of Amazon
         | (river in the Amazon :))       I visited San Francisco
        
           | linux2647 wrote:
           | > I visited the river of Amazon
           | 
           | Except there is a river called "The Amazon River". Native
           | English speaker here: I feel like rivers are always prefixed
           | with "the":
           | 
           | - The Rio Grande
           | 
           | - The Nile River
           | 
           | - The Columbia River
           | 
           | - The Yellow River
        
         | nightpool wrote:
         | This article should help explain some of the theory behind
         | "the" in more detail:
         | https://www.thesaurus.com/e/grammar/definite-articles/
        
         | vore wrote:
         | Regarding the use of "the" before a proper noun, it's actually
         | a huge mess in English:
         | https://english.stackexchange.com/a/15534
         | 
         | It's really just whatever the tradition has dictated.
        
         | Twisol wrote:
         | You can sort of justify "the Amazon River" as "the Amazon
         | river" -- i.e. the river that happens to be in the Amazon
         | rainforest. The other two don't really act like "adjective +
         | noun".
        
       | 082349872349872 wrote:
       | One trick I employ for language acquisition: as a native
       | X-speaker, I often encounter native-Y speakers making mistake Z
       | in my mother tongue. When I remember to do so, a little googling
       | at home often reveals that a light retro-translation of Z _is_
       | indeed the proper (sometimes even a refined) construction in Y.
       | 
       | Fortune, mxgrn!
        
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