[HN Gopher] GB National Grid Status
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       GB National Grid Status
        
       Author : CTOSian
       Score  : 82 points
       Date   : 2022-12-09 14:34 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.gridwatch.templar.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.gridwatch.templar.co.uk)
        
       | noobface wrote:
       | Texas and GB seem to have similar levels of demand, but Texas
       | seems to have quite a bit more wind/solar. ERCOT #s:
       | https://p.datadoghq.com/sb/5c2fc00be-393be929c9c55c3b80b557d...
        
         | Oxidation wrote:
         | An enormously expansive area nearly 3 times the area, mostly
         | full of cheap land a full 20 degrees of latitude further south
         | isn't very surprising to have more solar and the continental-
         | ocean boundary generates powerful midday wind, exactly when you
         | want it.
         | 
         | For all the coal rolling, capital knows when there's a good
         | deal going.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | Ok, I must have missed this but ... Wind produces 16% of UK
       | electricity, and nuclear produces 13% ....
       | 
       | Ok wow.
       | 
       | I assumed solar would be the thing that takes over, and In Spain
       | that's probably true. But here it seems wind is going to be a
       | win.
       | 
       | Anyway I still need to work out how to spend my declining years -
       | how to write software for renewable energy farms ... wind or
       | solar.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | Well bare in mind that capacity's different from the current
         | (as in now, not amperes.. but that too) generation on this
         | Winter day.
         | 
         | (Not saying it _does_ go the other way in capacity though, I
         | don 't know.)
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Wind is huge, while the last nuclear plant completed in the UK
         | was in 1995. https://www.imeche.org/policy-and-press/from-our-
         | perspective...
         | 
         | > how to write software for renewable energy farms ... wind or
         | solar.
         | 
         | Basically this means working for Siemens. I don't think they
         | have a huge number of software engineers, it's mostly MechE.
        
         | DrScientist wrote:
         | The UK is one of the best positioned countries in the world in
         | terms of natural wind resource.
         | 
         | This is because large parts of the north sea are shallow/have
         | banks that very large offshore wind farms can be built on.
         | 
         | No terrain to get in the way, no people to object about it
         | being close to their house.
         | 
         | Scotland is also windy and not that populated and so has quite
         | a few onshore farms.
         | 
         | Eg see.
         | 
         | https://orsted.com/en/media/newsroom/news/2022/08/2022083155...
         | .
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | >No people to object about it
           | 
           | I'm not sure whether this MP was in the pocket of gas, coal
           | or nuclear interests or whatever but he successfully rounded
           | up residents to NIMBY what _would_ have been the biggest wind
           | farm to date even though it would have barely have been
           | visible.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navitus_Bay_wind_farm
           | 
           | I was bitter before. Doubly so now electricity prices are
           | through the roof.
        
             | rr888 wrote:
             | Scotland has one of the biggest gas fields in Europe, why
             | should it rely on ugly and unreliable Wind turbines? Esp
             | Global Warming probably makes Scotland's climate more
             | comfortable, and its proximity to Greenland means sea
             | levels might even fall.
        
               | Oxidation wrote:
               | How are wind turbines uglier than gas platforms?
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | Our economies are linked, so even from a selfish
               | perspective, the effects of global warming will felt even
               | in places where the weather doesn't directly cause
               | problems. If the effects of climate change get bad, we
               | are likely to see widespread war.
        
               | WhackyIdeas wrote:
               | I am Scottish and I would be proud if all our energy
               | needs were met by non-polluting and abundant resources
               | such as wind and tide.
               | 
               | Even if you didn't believe in man-made global warming,
               | surely the idea of cleaner Scottish air would be a bonus.
        
               | grey-area wrote:
               | They already are. Scotland has hit 100% renewable energy
               | already on a few days.
        
               | recursion wrote:
               | This is false.
               | 
               | https://fullfact.org/environment/scotland-renewable-
               | energy/
        
             | thomond wrote:
             | > Doubly so now electricity prices are through the roof.
             | 
             | Electricity prices would still be through the roof. The
             | prices are all set on the international markets.
        
               | leg100 wrote:
               | > Electricity prices would still be through the roof. The
               | prices are all set on the international markets.
               | 
               | Only to the extent that electricity can be imported and
               | exported via international connectors, which are of
               | course limited in their capacity.
               | 
               | Prices are not set internationally, but domestically.
               | Energy is not a tangible, stored commodity like coal
               | which _is_ internationally priced.
               | 
               | If what you said was true then America's electricity
               | would be priced the same as Europe's, whereas it is way
               | cheaper.
               | 
               | Therefore building out additional electricity production
               | in the UK could well lower prices, depending on matching
               | of demand and supply, agreed prices in contracts, length
               | of contracts, etc, and of course whether additional
               | connectors are deployed.
        
               | 7952 wrote:
               | Gas prices are a big component of electricity prices at
               | the moment and they are mostly imported.
        
               | makomk wrote:
               | There's actually a similar but much more widespread
               | talking point about gas, claiming the price of that is
               | set on the international market and therefore the UK
               | producing more gas locally would not help reduce prices.
               | That should come with the exact same caveats (only to the
               | extent that it can be imported and exported, American
               | prices are much cheaper for Europe's because of this, and
               | that's likely a big reason why electricity prices are
               | much lower there) but the mainstream media unfortunately
               | ignores them.
        
               | substation13 wrote:
               | It depends who owns the energy production. If the
               | government keeps a stake then they can use the additional
               | profits to shield consumers from prices.
        
             | DrScientist wrote:
             | Didn't know about that one.
             | 
             | I note that the successful argument was based on the
             | imagined impact to the tourism industry, rather than the
             | visual effect per se.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | Oh - Doggerland
           | 
           | About end of the Stone Age ~15,000BC you could still walk
           | from UK to Europe - there is I believe evidence of
           | civilisation and villages down there still.
        
         | snickmy wrote:
         | In UK wind is actually broadcasted to take over. After the new
         | line connecting with Norway (for hydro storage) the majority of
         | investments are going into wind. On Nuclear, I think right now
         | there is 1 big nuclear plan offline for maintenance so there
         | might be some of that too.
         | 
         | In the Mediterranean area, while there is more prevalence of
         | solar, it's not a clear winner either. For instance in Italy
         | there is quite an aggressive law on usage of agricultural space
         | for big solar farms. Solar will win in the decentralized,
         | domestic space, an area that I'm highly interested in. At
         | scale, Wind seems to offer a better ROI, especially on country
         | on the coast line (or other favourable morphological
         | characteristic)
         | 
         | I'm heavily looking to switch to work on the space (from more
         | traditional consumer products), but it's a more full stack
         | space: software is written as a byproduct of the hardware.
         | unfortunately I haven't found any Electrical engineering
         | interesting in doing something in the space. Shameless plug if
         | there is someone out there interested.
        
           | ricktdotorg wrote:
           | there is a twitter account @UK_WindEnergy[1] that posts the
           | percentage of total power on the UK National Grid that is
           | being generated by wind about once an hour, and then once a
           | day a daily wind % totals. it doesn't happen very often, but
           | i have seen upwards of 60%! very heartening.
           | 
           | [1]https://twitter.com/UK_WindEnergy
        
           | stuaxo wrote:
           | The Tories said no to onshore wind, now solar is getting
           | really cheap they are banning the building of solar on most
           | farms (by reclassifying low quality land as higher quality
           | land that must be used for food).
           | 
           | At the same time they are thinking about allowing wind on
           | land again (probably because it will no longer be the cheaper
           | option).
           | 
           | Given their links to fossil fuel interests it comes across as
           | delaying tactics.
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | It's obvious why the Tories are thinking about allowing
             | onshore wind again: a huge chunk of the mainstream media,
             | including the BBC, have been pushing the idea that it's the
             | superior option which the Tories are just ignoring because
             | they're conspiring with fossil fuel companies to screw us.
             | At this point it's probably not politically viable not to
             | allow it even though it makes little sense. The BBC's been
             | doing things like describing them as the "cheap, reliable"
             | option every time they talk about the Torie sblocking
             | onshore wind and omitting the fact that they're basically
             | worse on both counts than the offshore wind the UK is
             | building these days, repeating any claims the leader of the
             | opposition makes on the topic verbatim and unchallenged,
             | and even outright describing one of its big fundamental
             | disadvantages as nonsense.
        
             | nicoburns wrote:
             | > The Tories said no to onshore wind
             | 
             | That's actually changed as of this week
             | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-63880999
        
           | cjrp wrote:
           | I read/heard somewhere that if the Republic of Ireland built
           | all of their potential offshore wind-farms, it could power
           | the country and generate a surplus for export. Obviously need
           | to solve the storage issue or rely on interconnects for when
           | the wind isn't blowing/blows too hard.
        
             | mrspuratic wrote:
             | The east coast around Dublin (fortuitously, as the major
             | population center) has good banks in relatively shallow
             | waters ~10-20km offshore (Oriel, Kish, Bray, Codling,
             | Arklow banks). There are only 7 offshore turbines in
             | operation today (Arklow, 2003 25MW, planned expansion
             | deferred), but hundreds more planned within the next 5
             | years. Less wind than the west or north coasts, which is
             | seemingly less amenable, but there is at least one bank
             | planned for Galway. https://gis.seai.ie/wind/
        
         | jl6 wrote:
         | The UK is too northerly and has too little spare land for solar
         | to dominate (it will of course still play a large role). Wind
         | is where it's at. The UK has a vast and windy offshore domain.
        
           | DrScientist wrote:
           | Agreed. But note that a lot of the local solar capacity
           | doesn't actually show up on the grid production numbers.
           | 
           | ie if you have a solar panel on your roof and mostly use it
           | to reduce the power you take from the grid, all you will see
           | in the national numbers is lower demand, not increased
           | production.
        
             | cjrp wrote:
             | Don't most domestic panels actually feed into the grid (so
             | presumably would show up on the stats as solar generation)?
             | Unless you've got a battery system at home.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Depends on how it is setup and it varies in different
               | areas, almost all are grid connected but many only "suck
               | the excess power needed" from the grid when the panels
               | can't produce enough, and only some of those "feed back"
               | power when they produce too much.
        
               | jvvw wrote:
               | Export tariffs are so low (around 4p per kWh) compared
               | with import tariffs (more like 35p per kWh last time I
               | looked) that if you got solar panels recently, after the
               | feed in tariff was stopped, then getting a battery too
               | made sense. I imagine most new installations include
               | batteries. We only really export in the summer or if we
               | are away - we use virtually all the electricity we
               | generate most of the year.
        
               | jackbarclay wrote:
               | Domestic panels are what we call embedded generation -
               | they are connected to the distribution networks, not the
               | main transmission network. The System Operator (NGESO)
               | doesn't have real-time insight into the distribution
               | networks themselves - they are just visible as a net
               | demand on the system. Embedded generation serves to
               | reduce this demand by feeding power locally to the
               | distribution network.
               | 
               | We can forecast the embedded generation in real-time, but
               | it's only post event once the meter data has been
               | accounted for that we know what actually happened.
        
               | cjrp wrote:
               | Interesting, thanks! Does that also mean power fed-in by
               | domestic panels will only be used locally?
        
               | DrScientist wrote:
               | They do - but as the rate you are paid for electricity is
               | now a fraction of the price you are charged, most people
               | without a battery try and align their energy use with
               | production.
               | 
               | ( The suns out! Put on the washing machine/dish washer
               | etc ).
        
               | phas0ruk wrote:
               | Not if you locked in a feed in tariff from years ago.
               | They lasted 15 years I think.
        
               | DrScientist wrote:
               | Sure - don't know what proportion of solar panel
               | installations that is though - it was an early adopter
               | incentive.
               | 
               | Bottom line - not all the local solar production is
               | measured at the grid level - much of it results in demand
               | reduction which can't be directly attributed.
               | 
               | I think this will only increase - either due to local
               | batteries, or more electricity driven heating systems (
               | heat pumps for example ).
               | 
               | And this isn't just homes - if you have a farm and have a
               | big water reservoir which you fill by pumping water - and
               | you had some solar panels - you'd just run the pumps when
               | it was sunny - there is no particular need to run them at
               | particular times ( same if you had a wind driven pump ).
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | _Loads_ of on-shore wind is likewise not metered. If you
             | own a hill top farm, especially if you have industrial
             | electricity loads (e.g. milking cows, lighting barns full
             | of hens) it makes loads of sense to buy a modest turbine
             | and install it on a suitable rise, it won 't pay for itself
             | over night but it's very competitive with other farm
             | investments and not correlated. If electricity prices go up
             | the turbine is better value, regardless of whether people
             | are paying higher farm gate prices or your yields
             | increased.
             | 
             | I think the estimate is that maybe as much as 5GW of UK
             | wind nameplate capacity is unmetered, so it's a minority of
             | wind power, but it's a big minority.
        
               | Panzer04 wrote:
               | That seems very large - I can't imagine plain farm owners
               | could reach that kind of wind capacity, are you sure
               | that's accurate?
        
         | rpep wrote:
         | Predictive maintenance software for renewables assets is a
         | fairly large area of growth.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | _> I assumed solar would be the thing that takes over_
         | 
         | Solar in the UK is highly seasonal. A ~4kW installation that
         | generated 500kWh in June might only produce 50kWh in December
         | [1] - whereas a ~4kW install in Spain might generate 700kWh in
         | June and 200kWh in December [2]
         | 
         | So if you want power output in December, Solar in the UK isn't
         | the best choice :)
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://pvoutput.org/aggregate.jsp?id=43099&sid=39381&v=0&t=...
         | [2]
         | https://pvoutput.org/aggregate.jsp?id=91812&sid=81184&v=0&t=...
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | Ideally you'd have a mix since they anticorrelate. If it's
         | generally sunny when there's little wind and windy when cloudy
         | why wouldnt you?
         | 
         | (this is one reason why the amount of storage required for an
         | all solar/wind grid is usually vastly overestimated).
        
           | DrScientist wrote:
           | Isn't it the sun's energy that ultimately creates the wind -
           | through differential heating?
           | 
           | So whether it's anti-correlated might a local feature
           | depending on the local factors driving the weather?
           | 
           | Perhaps stronger correlation would be that air movement (
           | wind ) is the thing that drives the weather changing. ie no
           | wind, means slow change ( though the opposite isn't
           | necessarily true - if you are in the centre of a cyclic
           | weather system which isn't moving you could have wind and not
           | much change ).
        
           | snickmy wrote:
           | I'm not sure the anticorrleation has ever been proved. While
           | it seems logical, the cloudy / stormy weather that sometime
           | we experience in UK is too harsh for wind farms
        
             | magnetic-recoil wrote:
             | Named storms often generate records for wind power
             | generation. Even if a few turbines in the middle of the
             | storm have to turn off, the rest of the country still gets
             | lots more wind.
             | 
             | If you look at graphs of the wind and solar production in
             | winter vs summer, the correlation is obvious. On a day-to-
             | day basis, much less so, but on average low wind does tend
             | to come along with higher sun.
        
               | DrScientist wrote:
               | It's complicated by the fact that the relationship
               | between wind speed and power isn't linear - it's cubic -
               | double wind speed - 8 times the power!
               | 
               | This only happens in the designed operating window ( too
               | light you get nothing, too strong you need to shut down
               | ).
               | 
               | So one question is what window have your tuned your farm
               | for?
               | 
               | Air density matters as well - the denser the more power -
               | ie the colder the more power.....
        
         | cm2187 wrote:
         | There isn't much wind at the moment, you can see the history,
         | we are in the lower range right now
         | 
         | https://gridwatch.co.uk/wind
        
         | cameronh90 wrote:
         | That's actually below recent historical averages. Over the last
         | year (https://grid.iamkate.com/) wind has been 28.5% of total
         | energy generation.
        
         | IMSAI8080 wrote:
         | Yeah wind is going well these days. The annual average is
         | around 30%. I've seen it at 60% on a good day.
        
       | IMSAI8080 wrote:
       | There's quite a few of these. Here's another one that I prefer
       | the UI of and I think is a bit clearer:
       | 
       | https://grid.iamkate.com/
        
         | Reason077 wrote:
         | My favourite for showing UK grid data on a nice, clean, fast
         | chart over custom timescales:
         | 
         | https://www.electricinsights.co.uk/#/dashboard
         | 
         | My favourite for showing many country's grids around the world,
         | and the power flowing between them through interconnectors:
         | 
         | https://app.electricitymaps.com/map
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | I love the data visualizations but I am always surprised to see
         | so many different ones given how little use-cases they serve.
         | They can broadly let people know where the power is coming for
         | and help policy makers to a certain degree. They are just
         | naturally interesting for a little bit while you explore but
         | then drop off. It's almost like its most useful for exploratory
         | data analysis and not a ton else
         | 
         | I'm curious if other people have interesting use cases here and
         | how accurate is the data? Is this all people putting different
         | layers on top of one source of truth for data - or patching
         | together various sources?
        
         | oliwary wrote:
         | I really enjoy this one:
         | https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/GB
         | 
         | It shows energy sources for all of the countries in Europe on a
         | map, import/export, prices and CO2 intensity.
        
           | bearbin wrote:
           | The visualisation on that site is good, but it's sadly
           | plauged with data errors. The UK data doesn't seem to
           | correspond to any other source I can find. I think it might
           | be delayed by 24 hours, but even that doesn't seem quite
           | right...
        
             | corradio wrote:
             | A GitHub issue was filed regarding this:
             | https://github.com/electricitymaps/electricitymaps-
             | contrib/i...
        
               | bearbin wrote:
               | Well, that issue explains a lot. The data source went
               | missing, so the website just made up some data and used
               | that instead!
               | 
               | That whole website is a nonsense, what's the point in
               | visualising imaginary data and pretending it's real...
        
       | taxicabjesus wrote:
       | On Friday, December 9th at ~4:00pm GMT (Greenwich mean time):
       | Nuclear: 5.25 GW       Wind: 3.84 GW       Combined Cycle Gas
       | Turbines: 23.31 GW       Solar (Estimated): 0.35GW
       | Installed Wind Capacity (onshore + offshore): 25 GW [0]
       | Installed Solar Capacity: 13.4 GW [1]       Total installed
       | Wind/Solar: 38.4 GW. Total produced: 4.11 GW
       | 
       | Wind is currently producing 15% of its installed capacity. Solar
       | is producing 2.6% of its installed capacity. Combined, the
       | renewables are at almost 11% of their installed capacity. Gas
       | turbines are making up the difference.
       | 
       | Lots of you are cheerleaders for "renewables". They seem like a
       | transitional technology to me. If hydrocarbons are ever going to
       | be retired from use, nuclear sure does seem like the only option.
       | 
       | It seems to me like humanity's only hope is a breakthrough in our
       | understanding of the laws of nature.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingd...
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_King...
       | 
       | edit: formatting & added combined 11% total for wind/solar
        
         | jonatron wrote:
         | There's a few things that help with periods of low wind:
         | More long distance transmission / interconnects
         | Vehicle-to-grid         Grid scale battery storage
         | Domestic and commercial battery storage (Powerwall etc)
         | Seasonal thermal storage - large insulated tanks or ground
         | source heat pumps
         | 
         | These all exist, and there will be more new technology coming.
         | It doesn't seem like an unsolvable problem.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | Also being 5x cheaper than nuclear power.
        
         | rjsw wrote:
         | There is a reason [1] why Solar is only generating a small
         | fraction of installed capacity.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night
        
           | taxicabjesus wrote:
           | I noted that it was 4pm. Just checked: sunset is at 3:51pm
           | tomorrow. So that makes sense.
           | 
           | Even so, the available solar energy in the UK in December is
           | ~1/5 what it is in June:
           | https://www.viridiansolar.co.uk/resources-1-2-seasonal-
           | varia...
        
       | magnetic-recoil wrote:
       | You can also view the effects of a frontpage post on HN here:
       | http://www.gridwatch.templar.co.uk/admin/
        
         | ls65536 wrote:
         | In case anyone else is wondering why the effects of being on
         | the HN front page look small at first glance, notice the
         | logarithmic scale being used for the y-axis.
         | 
         | At first I thought the increase in traffic, while noticeable,
         | didn't look particularly impressive on those graphs, but then I
         | noticed that those diurnal traffic patterns looked a bit
         | strange, which is when I noticed the log scale!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | dottedmag wrote:
       | Fascinating!
       | 
       | The data shows pretty clearly that combined-cycle gas turbines
       | are still THE type of power stations that are used to balance the
       | supply and demand, but solar is already helping a lot during the
       | day.
       | 
       | French data shows gas power stations produce up to 9GW (~13%),
       | and without solar they would be used to produce 12.5GW (~19%).
        
         | gjvc wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37M7ffjro3I I have posted this
         | before, but this is an interesting explanation from 2020
         | detailing what fuels UK electricity generation.
        
       | guerrilla wrote:
       | I'm guessing NordPool has something like that somewhere on their
       | site (probably not as cool looking though), but what I found
       | interesting is this:
       | 
       | https://umm.nordpoolgroup.com/#/messages?publicationDate=all...
       | 
       | It's the notifications for all production and transmission in
       | Europe coming online and going offline with power and dates.
        
       | cm2187 wrote:
       | I find https://gridwatch.co.uk/ a bit more readable. At the
       | bottom of the page you can click on each energy source to see
       | those metrics for that source only (worth doing to understand the
       | volatility of wind in particular if you haven't seen those charts
       | already)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _U.K. National Grid status_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8092321 - July 2014 (55
       | comments)
        
       | ramzez wrote:
       | pretty cool, graphs seems tiny to me, but I usually like this one
       | https://grid.iamkate.com
        
         | youngtaff wrote:
         | Yeh, Kate presents the data way more clearly
        
       | RyanShook wrote:
       | Is wind an efficient way to produce electricity? Would we be
       | producing wind turbines if there were 0 subsidies?
        
         | fredley wrote:
         | Most windpower in the UK is offshore, and yes it's a great way
         | to produce electricity, particularly here!
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingd...
        
         | magnetic-recoil wrote:
         | Offshore wind in the UK currently uses the "Contracts for
         | Difference" payment mechanism. Operators bid to build turbines,
         | and the best value operators get assigned areas of the sea.
         | Then, they receive a fixed price from consumers for any
         | electricity they generate (effectively, but there's market
         | mechanisms in there that complicate the accounting).
         | 
         | Initially, this was much more expensive than fossil
         | electricity, but the price of turbines has dropped and the
         | price of fossil electricity has grown, so now existing wind
         | turbines are lowering the price consumers pay for electricity.
         | 
         | New wind farms have achieved CfD rates of less than PS0.04 per
         | kWh, which is not a subsidy for the wind farm operators, but
         | rather a subsidy for electricity consumers as this electricity
         | is far cheaper than market rates.
        
           | DrScientist wrote:
           | Adding to that, they are now looking at local hydrogen
           | production from wind excess.
           | 
           | While not nearly efficient as using the electricity directly,
           | it's more efficient than throwing it away.
           | 
           | Also the offshore farms sit in a pool of the raw material (
           | water ).
        
             | snickmy wrote:
             | for record, best electrolysis for hydrogen is a 50%
             | efficiency end-to-end conversion.
        
               | DrScientist wrote:
               | Yep efficiency isn't great - but as I said, better then
               | the efficiency of throwing excess away ( zero ).
               | 
               | There is also value in the ability to store the energy -
               | not as efficient as something like using water to store
               | potential energy ( ~75% ), but there is value there.
               | 
               | I'm not somebody who thinks it will be hydrogen
               | everywhere - frankly electricity is easier to distribute
               | and we already have a good infrastructure - but that's
               | not to say it doesn't have a role.
        
           | RobinL wrote:
           | I've always wondered under the mechanism who has benefited
           | from higher energy prices in the UK? With consumers currently
           | paying high prices, who's getting the difference between the
           | CfD price and the market price for energy generated by wind.
           | Is it the government do you know?
        
             | magnetic-recoil wrote:
             | Wind farm operators sell their power onto the market (they
             | can sell however they like, but the reference price is
             | calculated according to the day-ahead spot price).
             | 
             | Any imbalance between the agreed price and the reference
             | price is sent to the LCCC (Low Carbon Contracts Company,
             | part of the government).
             | 
             | The LCCC then re-charges any CfD payments or surplus funds
             | to the electricity suppliers. This should eventually work
             | its way into an increase or reduction in household energy
             | bills. So the end consumer should get the difference
             | between the wholesale and CfD price, in theory. This is
             | also taken into account when the OFGEM price cap is
             | calculated.
             | 
             | To answer your question about who benefits from high
             | electricity prices - mostly fossil fuel producers, but also
             | fossil power stations, legacy renewable generators with
             | direct subsidies rather than CfDs, and electricity market
             | traders exploiting the volatility.
        
               | RobinL wrote:
               | thanks - very interesting!
               | 
               | I think that also clarifies something I'd found
               | confusing: that the spot price is currently effectively
               | determined by the price of gas, and yet the UK consumer
               | is benefitting from the presence of wind generation
               | (which generates much cheaper power than gas)
               | 
               | If I've understood your post correctly, this is because
               | the electricity companies don't directly pass the spot
               | price onto consumers. Instead when the price to consumers
               | is calculated, the part attributable to wind is taken
               | account of at the lower price.
               | 
               | So effectively the marginal price to consumers is
               | actually affected by the average cost of generation
               | (which is turn, from an economic point of view is
               | arguably undesirable, because it means consumers don't
               | have sharp enough incentives to save electricity at the
               | margin)
        
               | magnetic-recoil wrote:
               | Yes, that's right. The spot price is determined by the
               | marginal source of electricity. That's normally gas, but
               | is sometimes coal, imports, or pumped hydro storage. The
               | consumer actually benefits twice - once when the wind is
               | sold into the market, which necessarily lowers the spot
               | price for _all_ electricity (more wind supply is the same
               | as reducing total demand, which will reduce the market
               | price). Then, the difference between the spot price and
               | the CfD price is refunded, but this time only on the
               | electricity actually generated by wind.
               | 
               | In general, electricity suppliers don't literally pass
               | the spot price on to consumers. It used to be that a
               | supplier could price electricity however they liked,
               | including passing the spot price on. However, for the
               | past few years, suppliers are required to buy futures,
               | and price their supplied electricity on that basis,
               | because of the domestic price cap. If they didn't they
               | would run the risk of going bankrupt like Bulb. Futures
               | bring stability, and in an efficient market with perfect
               | information buying futures would be the same as buying
               | spot. But the market is not efficient and with perfect
               | information, so that assumption doesn't apply.
               | Notwithstanding that, you were correct, the part of
               | electricity generation attributable to wind should be
               | taken account of at the lower price.
               | 
               | For most consumers, their marginal cost of electricity is
               | identical to their average cost (ignoring the standing
               | charge) as they are on a fixed rate tariff. It would
               | undoubtedly be more efficient to charge consumers the
               | actual marginal cost at the time of consumption, and then
               | refund the CfD payments in a monthly payment later, but
               | that's not how it's done sadly.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | It is now, while natural gas prices are high and the technology
         | is mature. It did require a subsidy to get off the ground. Of
         | course, you have to decide whether the consumption of a
         | globally finite resource of "safe temperature" counts as a
         | subsidy or not.
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | It's _very_ cost effective. A wind generated MWh costs about
         | PS25 while a nuclear MWh is more in the region of PS120.
         | 
         | If you use wind to generate electricity and use that to
         | synthesize natural gas which you store and use to generate
         | electricity the whole thing costs about PS80-90.
        
         | 7952 wrote:
         | Wind turbines are capital intensive and the entire cost is
         | upfront. Once the turbine is built it makes sense to sell it at
         | whatever the current market rate is. That could be really low
         | or really high. The main purpose of government support is to
         | give some certainty about being able to pay off the debt. But
         | that support has become less neccesary as costs go down and
         | wholesale prices go up. Arguably the main benefit of setting
         | prices upfront in the long term is avoiding price spikes and
         | encouraging cost reduction. But there are also risks in terms
         | of the cost of servicing debt as interest rates rise.
        
       | 7952 wrote:
       | The National Grid Pressure maps are also interesting.
       | 
       | https://gasdata.nationalgrid.com/
       | 
       | The network is used for short term storage to even out supply and
       | demand.
        
       | alexpotato wrote:
       | I think it's cool that there are bitmaps for the dials and then
       | separate bitmaps for each needle position.
       | 
       | You can see a lot of them here:
       | http://www.gridwatch.templar.co.uk/bitmaps
        
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