[HN Gopher] The great Covid and smoking cover-up?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The great Covid and smoking cover-up?
        
       Author : commons-tragedy
       Score  : 148 points
       Date   : 2022-12-05 18:02 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.spiked-online.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.spiked-online.com)
        
       | chewmieser wrote:
       | I think to call it a "cover-up" is a bit silly. One important
       | thing to call out is that former smoker status does seem to
       | result in an increased risk. Only current status MAY be a reduced
       | risk.
       | 
       | It seems more study is needed but I'm obviously not as invested
       | in this as the author of this article is.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | It's not silly at all. It doesn't have to be an intentional
         | cover-up. But the lack of creativity and making a huge profit
         | off of the vaccine is a reality. The only reason the Covid
         | vaccines were given emergency use authorization was because
         | there was no other treatments available. If nicotine was a
         | treatment for Covid, they would not have gotten emergency use
         | authorization.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | I agree that "cover-up" is baity and therefore we should edit
         | the title (https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html: "
         | _Please use the original title, unless it is misleading or
         | linkbait_ ").
         | 
         | However, I can't think of a good way to fit HN's 80 char limit
         | without changing the meaning. The title needs to include both
         | the author's claim about what the studies show, and the
         | author's claim that this finding has been dismissed or
         | suppressed or overlooked (pick a neutral word) because of its
         | nonconformity.
         | 
         | I've put a question mark up there for the time being.
        
       | blindriver wrote:
       | I distinctly remember this fact very early on in 2020 and thought
       | it was pretty interesting. I am actually shocked that this
       | inconvenient truth has been completely buried.
        
       | bartc wrote:
       | I'm guessing it's more difficult to contract a respiratory
       | illness if your lungs are already damaged, malfunctioning, and
       | covered in tar.
       | 
       | Plus, smokers are not exactly the pinnacle of health. They would
       | be less likely to voluntarily test for COVID and would be less
       | concerned with coughing and wheezing, since those are more normal
       | occurrences.
       | 
       | Smokers are also more likely to be in the same political mindset
       | as people who would ignore or lie about positive test results,
       | intentionally do a bad job of testing, etc.
        
       | noelsusman wrote:
       | This thread will surely devolve into a general repository for
       | COVID contrarian angst, but the broader point in this article is
       | an interesting one. I would summarize it by saying there's an
       | asymmetry in evidence demanded for a claim based on whether or
       | not it agrees with the conclusion obtained by reasoning from
       | first principles.
       | 
       | The author seems to be saying that rigorous, peer-reviewed,
       | observational studies should be the end of the discussion, or at
       | least the starting point. I'm not sure I agree. Given the
       | significant limitations present in all medical studies like this,
       | I think it could make some sense to give a lot more weight to the
       | conclusion reached through a fundamental understanding of how the
       | human body works. Some hesitancy to overturn that conclusion
       | based on a handful of inevitably flawed studies seems prudent to
       | me, or at least not crazy.
       | 
       | I'm reminded of the current tensions around "evidence-based
       | practice" where medicine is transformed into essentially
       | flowcharts that get continuously updated according to peer-
       | reviewed research. It sounds like a good idea, but it's been
       | somewhat controversial since that's not how medicine has
       | traditionally been practiced. It significantly reduces a doctor's
       | ability to problem solve through reasoning, which has some
       | benefits but also some clear downsides as well.
        
         | ghostbrainalpha wrote:
         | The data is the data.
         | 
         | If the data that agrees with you is "good data", and the data
         | that disagrees with you "needs to reach a higher standard",
         | that is how inaccurate beliefs get entrenched.
        
           | Majromax wrote:
           | That's just Bayesian reasoning.
           | 
           | If you told me that you saw the sun rise in the east this
           | morning, I'd probably believe you.
           | 
           | If you told me that you saw the sun rise in the north this
           | morning, I'd probably not believe you.
           | 
           | In both cases, "the data is the data," and all I have is your
           | report. However, given a strong prior probability based on
           | personal experience and first-principles reasoning, in the
           | second case above I'm still more likely to think you mistaken
           | than the conventional cosmological model wrong.
        
         | akimball wrote:
         | Since the interactions of ACE2 and nicotine are well-known, my
         | priors favor the benefit of nicotine in this pandemic. They
         | remain neutral, consequently, with regard to smoking, because
         | while smoking does deliver nicotine, it also does lung damage
         | with heat and particulates, and delivers carcinogenic and
         | oxidative creosotes.
        
         | ipaddr wrote:
         | Ignore the data and what we are seeing and move back into a
         | more basic incorrect model we feel safe in? The world isn't
         | flat even though it maybe politically incorrect to tell the
         | church this. The downsides here are political.
        
       | qbasic_forever wrote:
       | If this were actually true we would see elites and politicians
       | constantly smoking, since it would be keeping them safer and they
       | have access to infinite resources, knowledge, etc. Instead we see
       | them getting vaccinated (sometimes in secret or with no
       | acknowledgement like Trump did) and guzzling Paxlovid courses
       | (multiple times like Fauci did) if they do get sick. I'm sticking
       | with the pharmaceutical interventions that the elites seem to
       | love...
        
         | happyopossum wrote:
         | > sometimes in secret or with no acknowledgement like Trump did
         | 
         | Err, that's not even close to factual. Donald Trump touted the
         | vaccines before they were released, got publicly vaccinated,
         | publicly discussed getting his booster shots, and touted their
         | effectiveness in interviews:
         | 
         | Example: "Look, the results of the vaccine are very good, and
         | if you do get (Covid), it's a very minor form. People aren't
         | dying when they take the vaccine," he said in an interview with
         | The Daily Wire's Candace Owens that was released Tuesday.
        
           | qbasic_forever wrote:
           | Donald Trump did not get publically vaccinated:
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/01/us/politics/donald-
           | trump-...
           | 
           | He got his booster in secret too:
           | https://theintercept.com/2021/12/21/trump-admits-he-got-
           | vacc...
           | 
           | Come back to actual reality please, you're inventing an
           | alternate universe.
        
         | johnnyo wrote:
         | It's possible that (A) smokers are less likely to get Covid AND
         | ALSO that (B) taking up smoking still has more downsides,
         | making it not recommendable as an actual treatment.
         | 
         | Just because A is true doesn't mean it follows smoking is a
         | useful or recommended treatment. But it might lead to insights
         | that drive future treatments.
        
         | ajmurmann wrote:
         | In reality there is no well-informed, well-coordinated elite
         | that creates conspiracies. That's not house information gets
         | suppressed. It's some individuals feeling, often implicit,
         | cultural pressure not to give too much attention to something.
        
         | Marsymars wrote:
         | > If this were actually true we would see elites and
         | politicians constantly smoking
         | 
         | We'd only see that if the cumulative risk from smoking and
         | maybe-covid was greater than the cumulative risk from
         | vaccination and maybe-covid, and if the marginal risk from
         | vaccination if one were already a smoker was negative.
         | 
         | As is, I expect this is true, but that the harms of smoking
         | outweigh the decreased risk of covid by quite a lot, so this
         | isn't actionable at the individual level, though it may be
         | actionable for research into biological pathways.
        
         | Godel_unicode wrote:
         | > have access to infinite resources, knowledge, etc.
         | 
         | I find the pervasiveness of this idea fascinating since it
         | usually falls apart on backtesting. There are tons of elites
         | who get taken in by Ponzi schemes (just look at Madoffs client
         | list), lots of very well connected people lost a ton of money
         | in 08, lots of celebrities use Goop products, etc.
         | 
         | Are there counter examples? I have not found much evidence that
         | there's some secret elites-only repository of knowledge.
        
       | vagabund wrote:
       | Completely anecdotal, but I got Covid ~2 weeks after quitting
       | smoking (3 or 4 cigarettes a day), having had avoided it for
       | months. Essentially everyone I know, save my brother who smokes
       | heavily, has gotten it.
        
         | lifewallet_dev wrote:
         | Yeah I never got it... I was careful but never as careful as
         | anybody else. In fact subpar care for many...
        
       | josefresco wrote:
       | I immediately check out whenever someone says "Google it and see
       | what comes up" as "evidence" proving some conspiracy. Also, this
       | is weird hill to die on. This dude has amassed a mega-blog post
       | with a ton of aggregated studies - it's not a small amount of
       | work.
       | 
       | Anecdotally my only family member who regularly smokes just got
       | COVID.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | Yes, and I've so far gone through the initial double dose
         | vaccination, a booster a year ago, and the new bivalent vaccine
         | this fall. But I've still had COVID at least once (possibly
         | twice) since my first vaccination.
         | 
         | Do I think the vaccine did nothing? Of course not. Just as
         | someone who agrees with the smoking-protects-against-COVID
         | research probably wouldn't think smoking did nothing, even if
         | they eventually got infected.
         | 
         | The studies didn't say smoking made it impossible to get COVID,
         | just that it reduces the likelihood. Just like the vaccines
         | won't 100% prevent it.
        
         | spurgu wrote:
         | > Anecdotally my only family member who regularly smokes just
         | got COVID.
         | 
         | 50% less risk doesn't mean invincible. ;)
         | 
         | My anecdotal contribution is that my fiancee (who smokes)
         | didn't catch it from me, even though we spent all days together
         | throughout (me working from home, she not working at all) when
         | I caught Covid 8 months after my 2nd (and last) jab.
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | The author has spent his entire career attacking anti-smoking
         | campaigns both as an author and the reason why the Institute
         | for Economic Affairs was Big Tobacco's favourite think tank, so
         | assembling this sort of list of "evidence" is par for the
         | course for him.
         | 
         | Back in the day when "long COVID" was an unknown phenomenon and
         | vaccines a dim and distant dream, the medical profession had
         | already spotted the interesting correlation and started
         | nicotine supplement trials (anecdotally, my very non-scientific
         | experiment with nicotine patches for lagging symptoms showed no
         | evident effect). It's possible there's been a massive coverup,
         | but it's also possible the health professionals reasoning just
         | wasn't as highly motivated to see success in these trials and
         | an absence of confounding data as Christopher Snowdon...
        
           | thenerdhead wrote:
           | That would be wild if a treatment to long covid is smoking
           | tobacco or nicotine patches. Mostly because no sane doctor
           | would think to try that.
           | 
           | How long did you try them for? I would imagine it would take
           | awhile for your body to get acclimated to it for effects to
           | take on. 4-6 weeks+
        
             | notahacker wrote:
             | A few days, on the assumption that my body was taking too
             | long to fight off the infection in which case the
             | hypothesized property of inhibiting virus replication via
             | ACE2 pathways might actually have been useful. Came to the
             | conclusion that lingering symptoms were more post-viral
             | stuff (as I said, only just starting to be recorded with
             | respect to COVID at the time) so the nicotine was utterly
             | pointless.
             | 
             | A slight nicotine buzz is hardly a huge acclimatisation
             | (which was sort of the point of thinking it was low-risk to
             | try) and I didn't exactly _want_ to get used to it enough
             | develop a dependency on it!
        
             | aradox66 wrote:
             | smoking cigarettes is also a well established treatment for
             | ulcerative colitis symptoms. Usually not prescribed for the
             | obvious reasons
             | https://www.healthline.com/health/ulcerative-colitis-and-
             | smo...
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | > Back in the day when "long COVID" was an unknown phenomenon
           | 
           | It's rebranded post-viral syndrome/fatigue, there's nothing
           | new about it.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | More info on these corporate propagandists for hire:
           | 
           | https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Institute_of_Economic_Affairs
           | 
           | > Naturally, it is supportive of tobacco companies, given
           | that they have been quite charitable to the institute. (This
           | includes funding some of Roger Scruton's pro-tobacco
           | publications.)[25] Being that it received funding from BP
           | oil, it is no wonder that it also engaged in climate
           | denialism: in 2019 The Guardian said the IEA had "published
           | at least four books, as well as multiple articles and papers,
           | over two decades suggesting manmade climate change may be
           | uncertain or exaggerated".[26][27]
           | 
           | > t complained to media regulator Ofcom when radio presenter
           | James O'Brien (hardly a Marxist firebrand) characterised it
           | as a "hard-right lobby group for vested interests of big
           | business, fossil fuels, tobacco, junk food" in 2019.[1] He
           | also called an IEA spokesperson "some Herbert" and stated the
           | IEA was of "questionable provenance, with dubious ideas and
           | validity" and funded by "dark money". Ofcom judged that
           | nothing O'Brien said was a distortion of the facts, and he
           | had offered them a right of reply; the IEA's complaint was
           | rejected.[28]
        
         | Izkata wrote:
         | > Anecdotally my only family member who regularly smokes just
         | got COVID.
         | 
         | Took nearly 3 years, that's pretty good ;)
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | They didn't say whether it was their first time getting
           | COVID.
        
         | detaro wrote:
         | Also googling the topic I find plenty "news" articles basically
         | saying what the meta-analysis they reference also says, from
         | later than 2020 which according to the authro was the only time
         | this possibility was acknowledged. Somehow that's basically
         | always the case if someone claims that something wasn't
         | reported. (But I'm sure the author would find reasons to
         | discount that reporting because it's not as unequivocally
         | positive as they think the topic is or ...)
        
         | youngtaff wrote:
         | > Anecdotally my only family member who regularly smokes just
         | got COVID.
         | 
         | I've never had Covid either despite repeated close contact with
         | others who've had it
         | 
         | I smoked for 9 months over 35 years ago but I think it's safe
         | to say I'd be classed as a non-smoker
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | "I've never had Covid either"
           | 
           | That you know of. Like many infections, not everyone develops
           | symptoms.
        
       | jmull wrote:
       | On the balance, aren't the risks still heavily against smoking?
       | 
       | So what's the point of promoting one benefit of smoking when you
       | still want to advise everyone to stop or never start smoking?
       | 
       | This article suggests a coverup, but as the author points out,
       | there's no shortage of science showing that smoking is associated
       | with a lower chance of getting Covid. The author is really
       | complaining about the interpretations and conclusions... but
       | those are right: people should still not smoke. So all he's
       | actually complaining about is the lack of nuance in the
       | expression of the conclusions. I don't disagree with that -- bad
       | writing about the meaning of scientific studies is very common --
       | but at least in this case the overall conclusion is still
       | correct.
       | 
       | I wouldn't take this one to the mat. You're just going to end up
       | convincing certain people to start smoking and any larger point
       | about the poor state of scientific reporting is going to be
       | muddied by the political partisans.
        
         | mertd wrote:
         | I don't understand what's being covered up. Sure it is an
         | interesting phenomenon but purely from an academic perspective.
         | It's not like smoking became a net positive for health. It's
         | literally the definition of non news.
        
         | orangecat wrote:
         | _On the balance, aren 't the risks still heavily against
         | smoking?_
         | 
         | Yes.
         | 
         |  _So what 's the point of promoting one benefit of smoking when
         | you still want to advise everyone to stop or never start
         | smoking?_
         | 
         | The first point is honesty, and that should be sufficient on
         | its own. But even ignoring that, the obvious next step is to
         | figure out the mechanism by which smoking inhibits Covid, which
         | may lead to better vaccines or treatments.
        
           | jmull wrote:
           | > ...honesty...
           | 
           | I agree honesty is good. But the author published an article
           | "Smoke [cigarettes], save lives", which leads with a fat lie,
           | so we're not getting it here.
           | 
           | > ...the obvious next step is to figure out the mechanism by
           | which smoking inhibits Covid...
           | 
           | Of course. But that's separate from the media the author is
           | complaining about.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | > _So all he 's actually complaining about is the lack of
         | nuance in the expression of the conclusions._
         | 
         | That's not what happened, though. The article claims that
         | public health authorities, as well as random doctors, were
         | denouncing these studies, and were claiming that they were a
         | myth. Not just that they disagreed with conclusions. (And even
         | then, merely disagreeing with conclusions sounds pretty
         | dishonest.)
         | 
         | I think it's fair to say something like: "Yes, some researchers
         | have drawn conclusions that smoking can help protect you from
         | COVID infection. However, the health risks associated with
         | smoking can be much worse than a COVID infection, and there are
         | many other ways you can safely reduce your risk of COVID
         | infection."
         | 
         | But instead, they said: "Research? Yeah, that research is
         | garbage and the people involved are completely wrong." If the
         | article here is to be believed, that's a flat-out lie.
         | 
         | > _You 're just going to end up convincing certain people to
         | start smoking_
         | 
         | I get it, but I think the cat was already out of that bag. I'm
         | sure some people _did_ start smoking based on these studies,
         | regardless of what public health orgs said. And yes, maybe more
         | people might have done the same if they 'd acknowledged the
         | potential correctness of the studies, but still urged people
         | not to smoke. But I think that's an outcome we just have to
         | accept; lying about scientific evidence hurts the credibility
         | of these organizations in a way much worse than a possible
         | increase of smoking-related health problems. And, personally,
         | if I was in on one of those decision-making meetings, I
         | wouldn't be comfortable lying to the public in that way. I
         | would hope I'd have the stones to resign rather than do that.
        
       | srj wrote:
       | There are random bits of correlation everywhere and investigating
       | whether there's an underlying causative reason is laborious. It's
       | no surprise then that not every one gets looked at, and people
       | pick what is most likely to yield an interesting result.
       | 
       | In this case IMO it'd be quite surprising if smoking actually
       | impeded any virus. I don't think it's a conspiracy that this
       | isn't getting attention.
       | 
       | Other commenters have listed some possible confounding variables
       | here, but the first one that popped into my mind is that people
       | who know they have a higher risk from past smoking are more
       | likely to be cautious and not get exposed. This is true for one
       | of my relatives with COPD who was very careful to not get it
       | before vaccines were available.
        
       | jscipione wrote:
       | Not only was this study covered up, a Pfizer commercial aired
       | that recommends oral treatment for high risk groups including
       | smokers without disclosure of potential side-effects or a list of
       | studies that confirm the claims of the ad. I'n not sure what
       | loophole makes this legal but maybe it is because the actual drug
       | name is not spoken and that allows Pfizer to advertise without
       | listing the side effects by saying "ask your doctor if an oral
       | treatment is right for you?"
        
       | rvba wrote:
       | First of all, I didnt really deep dive into it, if those 87
       | studies really exist.
       | 
       | Some ideas:
       | 
       | 1) Smokers go outside more and have more vitamin D which helps
       | against covid?
       | 
       | 2) smokers are on average less obese than non smokers? A lot of
       | people smoke in order to cut hunger
       | 
       | 3) breaks? To be honest sometimes I wish I smoked
       | 
       | 4) fresh air?
       | 
       | 5) some sort of mechanism that of the lungs can repair themselves
       | after smoking it also stops the virus?
       | 
       | 6) something inside the cigarettes stopping the virus?
       | 
       | The article mentions how smokers reacted better when given
       | nicotine patches, bur doesnt this just mean that their bodies
       | didnt have to fight "two" things at the same time: covid and
       | nicotine withdrawal?
       | 
       | On a side note, were there any real studies if those who died of
       | covid didnt have a co infecfion with something else? Reports that
       | said that in some countries various drugs would work, sounded a
       | bit like each country had their own co infecrions treated by that
       | particular drug.
        
       | rr888 wrote:
       | To me the interesting smoking related issue is obesity & related
       | problems. Most of the world has all put a lot of weight on in the
       | last few decades. Is it a coincidence that is while we've given
       | up smoking? Cigarettes actively reduce hunger and desire for
       | eating.
        
       | benevol wrote:
       | There's another "hack": Skip the injections, which saves your
       | immune system.
        
       | askiiart wrote:
       | [Snopes](https://www.snopes.com/news/2020/05/07/does-nicotine-
       | protect...) - from 2020, but unbiased, at least
       | 
       | > The researchers have proposed nicotine attaches to the ACE2
       | receptors, thereby preventing the virus from attaching and
       | potentially reducing the amount of virus that can get into a
       | person's lung cells.
       | 
       | As for potential bias: > Further, around 60% of the hospitalised
       | patients in the study were ex-smokers (similar to the national
       | prevalence). Some may have given up smoking very recently in
       | response to the WHO declaring smoking as a risk factor for
       | COVID-19. But they were classified as non-daily smokers in the
       | study. > Second is what we call "social desirability bias".
       | COVID-19 patients may be more likely to deny smoking when asked
       | about their smoking status in hospital, wanting to be seen by
       | medical professionals as doing the right thing.
       | 
       | *Keep in mind this snopes article is referencing _one_ study from
       | mid-2020, and may not be accurate*
        
         | bacchusracine wrote:
         | >but unbiased, at least
         | 
         | It's Snopes. No such thing. They sold their credibility for a
         | mess of money and political activism. No refunds.
        
           | mikem170 wrote:
           | > They sold their credibility for a mess of money and
           | political activism
           | 
           | Can you provide any additional details, references, and/or
           | specific examples?
           | 
           | I haven't used snopes in a long while, but was impressed at
           | the time, particularly that they always sited references,
           | exploring both sides of an issue. I always came away feeling
           | better informed. But I'm open to changing my opinion if there
           | is justification to do so.
        
           | wintermutestwin wrote:
           | News to me - credible link please.
        
             | andai wrote:
             | Yeah, it was debunked by ... oh dear god
        
         | grumple wrote:
         | Found an interesting study about the ACE2 receptors and
         | nicotine: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7942220/
         | 
         | Suggest nicotine increases the expression of these receptors
         | and makes covid spread more in vitro. This doesn't really jive
         | with the studies of human population, I guess. It does suggest
         | something weird here.
        
       | tromp wrote:
       | Smoking could be effective at making other people (like myself)
       | apply social distancing to avoid the stench...
        
       | nickelcitymario wrote:
       | Having read the article and the comments here, I feel like we're
       | missing the main point.
       | 
       | The point of the article wasn't actually about smoking. At least
       | that's not what I took from it.
       | 
       | I also don't think the author is genuinely claiming there's a
       | conspiracy here.
       | 
       | Instead, what I took from it, is that being a scientist does not
       | mean you're immune to prejudicial opinion, and that the
       | scientific community is not immune to its own dogmas.
       | 
       | In theory, the scientific method should resolve that. But in
       | practice, scientists (including the medical community) are just
       | as apt as anyone to want to confirm their biases and dismiss
       | difficult evidence.
       | 
       | I also think when it comes to anything involving public policy,
       | things can quickly devolve to no longer being about scientific
       | inquiry but rather about supporting or attacking positions.
       | 
       | Maybe I'm wrong. Maybe the author just wants everyone to start
       | smoking and stop listening to their doctors. But that's not how
       | it came across to me.
       | 
       | I think it's more a call for critical thinking and fairness. Just
       | because an issue has been politicized, doesn't mean we should
       | pick a side.
       | 
       | For what it's worth, I'm opposed to smoking and and supportive of
       | vaccines. But if the day comes where there is strong evidence to
       | suggest switching positions on that, I'd like to think I'll be
       | open minded enough to do so.
       | 
       | Final point, briefly touched on in the article: Nicotine deserves
       | more research. Almost all research on nicotine is in terms of
       | smoking tobacco. Nicotine on its own could very well prove to be
       | an important medical drug.
       | 
       | Same for all drugs... THC, CBD, whatever the active substance in
       | cocaine and heroin are. They should all be studies rigorously and
       | without moral judgment.
        
         | oblib wrote:
         | You did a great job of summing up what I felt after reading the
         | article and then reading comments here. I've lived long enough
         | to see things that folks have pointed out get scorched by
         | naysayers and later confirmed to be true.
         | 
         | One example that's stuck with me over the years is where
         | Monarch Butterflies spend the winter. When I was growing up we
         | were told "No one knows", and that was true. Then, in the
         | 1970s, some guy and his girlfriend, who were not scientists,
         | (Kenneth C. Brugger & Catalina Aguado) announced they'd found
         | out where they migrate, high up in the mountains in Mexico, and
         | they were immediately trashed by "professionals" who were
         | quoted in the "News".
         | 
         | At time it seemed very odd to me that they were so quickly and
         | harshly dismissed by the "experts" who hadn't been able to find
         | or confirm where they went.
         | 
         | I prefer to keep an open mind, and in this case it's not a huge
         | leap for me to believe there may be something to this. I
         | wouldn't recommend folks start smoking tobacco but it's worth
         | more study.
         | 
         | There is still vastly more that we don't know than we do know
         | about biology here on earth and that will be the case for at
         | least a very long time and quite possibly, and most likely, our
         | entire human existence.
        
           | juve1996 wrote:
           | For every random "expert" who is right there are likely
           | millions of wrong ones.
           | 
           | In tech terms, it's like the "idea" guy. We need to have some
           | level of curation, that yes, will be wrong at singular time
           | points. The point of a process is continual improvement, not
           | being perfect at every singular point in time.
        
         | juve1996 wrote:
         | > I also don't think the author is genuinely claiming there's a
         | conspiracy here.
         | 
         | So the author calls it a "cover up." A "Great" cover-up. But
         | he's not really saying it's a cover-up? Either outcome is bad:
         | it's either clickbait (hence loses my trust), or he's claiming
         | a cover-up when there isn't one.
         | 
         | > In theory, the scientific method should resolve that. But in
         | practice, scientists (including the medical community) are just
         | as apt as anyone to want to confirm their biases and dismiss
         | difficult evidence.
         | 
         | Over time the scientific method works. People change. Facts
         | don't. Evidence accumulates, and opinions are changed.
        
       | i_am_proteus wrote:
       | Author compiled a lot of studies on his web log:
       | https://velvetgloveironfist.blogspot.com/2021/08/smoking-and...
       | 
       | The studies do appear to show that smoking cigarettes is
       | correlated with a lower probability of getting the Covid, for a
       | lot of different definitions of "getting the Covid."
       | 
       | They also appear to be, by eyeball aggregate, inconclusive as to
       | whether the risk of dying from the Covid is higher or lower for
       | smokers: it's certainly worse to be a smoker than not if you _do_
       | catch the Covid.
       | 
       | Smoking also has some other bad health effects. I feel like
       | that's pretty well-understood these days. I know these things; I
       | was a smoker; I still am a smoker. I would not recommend taking
       | up a cigarette habit just because of the Covid. Doesn't seem to
       | cut down on the risk of dying from the Covid, still increases the
       | risks of having bad health effects from everything else that's
       | harmful about smoking.
        
         | simonebrunozzi wrote:
         | > on his web log
         | 
         | Also called blog, since ~20 years.
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | blog? That word is so last year. That's an extented tweet or
           | non-visual tiktok movie.
        
           | enneff wrote:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
           | 
           | > Be kind. Don't be snarky. Have curious conversation; don't
           | cross-examine. Please don't fulminate. Please don't sneer,
           | including at the rest of the community. Edit out swipes.
        
         | bena wrote:
         | Also, I'd imagine the people who were smoking when COVID
         | started being a thing were smokers well before then.
         | 
         | So whatever factors make smokers less likely to contract COVID
         | may be because of some of the long term effects of smoking. So
         | picking up smoking isn't necessarily going to make you
         | immediately safer.
        
         | 2devnull wrote:
         | People just stand farther away from smokers, even outdoors.
         | Because smokers stink. And if your having trouble breathing
         | cause of the Covid, you will go to even greater lengths to not
         | get close to smokers.
         | 
         | But also, people with chronic respiratory problems, ie pretty
         | much all smokers, you won't notice you have mild Covid.
         | Everyday of being a smoker is like having mild Covid, so less
         | likely to get tested etc.
         | 
         | Lastly smokers are _on average_ lower IQ, lower SES, etc. very
         | hard to control for that health research. I think we do know
         | that lower SES communities were less likely to seek health care
         | including vaccines and testing.
        
         | gopalv wrote:
         | > The studies do appear to show that smoking cigarettes is
         | correlated with a lower probability of getting the Covid
         | 
         | The problem is that non-smokers is not a single category of
         | people, so the confounding factor for the correlation is "why X
         | does not smoke".
         | 
         | For example, if you had a study which compared moderate
         | drinkers to non-drinkers, but not carve out "cannot drink due
         | to other medication" from the second group, you get a more
         | discriminatory result from the study. The real problem of
         | course is that confounding factors are almost fractal in
         | nature.
         | 
         | On the other hand, if you had a comparison saying "Smokers
         | replace their mucus linings more frequently than non-smokers,
         | expectorating the virus with it", then that I would buy as a
         | causation. Coughing up phlegm does offer a direct means of
         | explaining a reduced exposure.
         | 
         | > I would not recommend taking up a cigarette habit just
         | because of the Covid
         | 
         | So there's a weird thing that happens when news about a new
         | improvement in life comes up.
         | 
         | A study gets published "people who eat dark chocolate live
         | longer", but then a bunch of relatively unhealthy but
         | optimistic people actively choose to eat dark chocolate or
         | drink red wine or whatever new superfood, but fail to live
         | longer as a result. Mostly because they just made that one
         | change, plus there are now a thousand more manufacturers of the
         | same product (say Manuka honey), with varying fades of quality
         | as time goes on.
         | 
         | So a change in human behaviour is triggered by a study both for
         | consumption and production, which ends up proving that the
         | original study modified the circumstances in which it was
         | originally true. And we are in the quest for a better causation
         | of the original observation.
        
           | dionidium wrote:
           | > _For example, if you had a study which compared moderate
           | drinkers to non-drinkers, but not carve out "cannot drink due
           | to other medication" from the second group, you get a more
           | discriminatory result from the study._
           | 
           | This is in fact what seems to have been underneath all those
           | studies 10-25 years ago that seemed to show that non-drinkers
           | have worse health outcomes than moderate drinkers. The
           | problem is that "non-drinkers" includes a lot of people who
           | can't drink because they're already sick or because they're
           | alcoholics and drug addicts with long histories of abuse (and
           | so on).
           | 
           | Once you control for that group non-drinkers do better than
           | moderate drinkers.
        
           | spurgu wrote:
           | > For example, if you had a study which compared moderate
           | drinkers to non-drinkers, but not carve out "cannot drink due
           | to other medication" from the second group, you get a more
           | discriminatory result from the study.
           | 
           | Yeah. From what I remember about these studies is that people
           | who used to smoke but don't anymore actually have higher risk
           | of contracting severe Covid. This is easily explained by the
           | fact that many people who quit smoking do so due to health
           | reasons (which in turn are the cause for higher risk of
           | Covid).
        
           | i_am_proteus wrote:
           | There is no such thing as a confounding factor for a
           | correlation. It only matters for causality.
           | 
           | I will continue to maintain that, given this evidence amidst
           | the existing evidence that smoking is not good for you, you
           | should not start smoking for reasons related to health risks
           | from the Covid.
        
             | nvrspyx wrote:
             | > There is no such thing as a confounding factor for a
             | correlation.
             | 
             | Sure there is.
             | 
             | As an example, let's say there's a positive correlation
             | between the dose of some antidepressant and the probability
             | of suicide. There could be a confounding variable with
             | respect to the severity of depression in those samples such
             | that people with more severe depression are more likely to
             | take larger doses _and_ more likely to commit suicide. The
             | original correlation may not necessarily be between the
             | dose of the antidepressant and the probability of suicide,
             | but rather the severity of the depression and the
             | probability of suicide. In other words, the correlation
             | could be a correlation of the wrong thing because you didn
             | 't control for depression severity.
             | 
             | It does not matter _only_ for causality, but _also_ for
             | correlation. In both cases, it 's important to control for
             | confounding variables so that you're measuring and
             | analyzing the actual variable(s) that you're trying to, not
             | some other variable(s) (i.e., confounding) indirectly.
             | Otherwise, it may no longer be a relationship, whether
             | causal or correlative, of the thing you think it is, but of
             | some other thing.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | After being given this information, a reasonable person would
         | conclude that while smoking might decrease their risk of
         | getting COVID, starting a smoking habit (possibly leading to
         | addiction) would mean likely worse health outcomes than just
         | accepting the risk of getting COVID (which can be lowered
         | significantly through much safer means).
         | 
         | Unfortunately, there are lot of _unreasonable_ people out
         | there. I would not be surprised if a ton of people, if they
         | were to hear the WHO or CDC agree that smoking reduces the risk
         | of COVID infection, would start smoking, and get addicted. Some
         | of those who were already addicted and were trying to quit
         | would decide to stop trying.
         | 
         | The issue is that this information seems to have been
         | suppressed, censored, and outright lied about by authorities.
         | Now, on one hand, I get it: organizations like the WHO and CDC
         | are not only interested in the raw outcomes of trials and
         | research, but are also responsible for influencing public
         | health policy. I think it's pretty safe to say that telling
         | people smoking helps protect from COVID would be against public
         | health goals.
         | 
         | I honestly don't know where I stand on this. I think I'm fine
         | with orgs like the WHO and CDC deliberately not making
         | recommendations on, or being silent about, things that they
         | don't believe are healthy to encourage. But outright lying,
         | denying the results of trials that do prove a correlation,
         | crosses the line for me.
        
           | brookst wrote:
           | Agree, with the nuance that I think the psychology at WHO /
           | CDC / etc is probably focused on existing smokers who may
           | choose not to (try to) quit because of data like this ("WHO
           | says I should keep smoking!")
           | 
           | But there are going to be misinterpretations and bad outcomes
           | no matter what. So I'd err on the side of honesty and
           | integrity, and perhaps trying to mitigate harm by producing
           | data on, say, life expectancies for smokers who quit today
           | versus those who don't, and (presumably) the data that says
           | it's still way better to quit. And if the data doesn't
           | support that, well, data is data.
        
           | janalsncm wrote:
           | I think the most likely outcome is for a certain subset of
           | the population to think "I don't need to get vaccinated, I
           | smoke cigarettes."
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | And they would have been right.
        
               | WhackyIdeas wrote:
               | It seems controversial even saying this, and a bit
               | absurd... But I am a heavy smoker and have somehow
               | managed to dodge Covid so far. It is probably
               | coincidence, but I would love it to be studied into more
               | no matter how inconvenient it may be...
        
               | akimball wrote:
               | I'm a non-smoker but use nicotine daily. My mother
               | (nicotine free) died of COVID, but I have never had it.
               | But we are mere anecdotes, and prove nothing.
        
               | hiimkeks wrote:
               | No they wouldn't. Smoking gives a little protection
               | against infection, but once you have it it's likely much
               | worse. Vaccines give you a little protection against
               | infection and also reduce the probability of severe
               | courses of illness.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | 50-68% more protection which is better than the vaccine.
               | And it did provide better outcomes when patients were
               | treated with patches in the hospital.
        
         | lstodd wrote:
         | One doesn't actually need to smoke cigarettes -- mixing my own
         | vape juice (no flavours, tuned pg/vg and nicotine levels no one
         | dictates) works just fine.
         | 
         | Edit: in any case rolling tobacco is way better than any
         | cigarette one can buy (not to mention 36mg Indonesian
         | killsticks)
        
         | mmmpop wrote:
         | The editorializing on "smoking is bad" is moot--we all know it
         | and it's not the point.
        
         | NoPie wrote:
         | Equally we have many studies showing that vitamin D helps to
         | reduce risk from covid (hint: it doesn't).
         | 
         | More studies show that ivermectin has a positive effect in
         | covid patients. In fact, ivermectin has no effect or has only a
         | very weak effect in certain patients.
         | 
         | In medicine observational studies suffer from certain problems
         | that are hard to overcome. The biggest is that the groups are
         | not equal. For example, smokers die younger. Covid risk
         | increases exponentially with age. Consequently, covid will kill
         | more people who have reached greater age as a result of not
         | smoking. The researchers may think that they control for these
         | factors but in reality it is very hard to do.
         | 
         | If you take a random article, it says smokers have greater
         | risks from covid:
         | https://www.renalandurologynews.com/home/departments/mens-he...
         | 
         | Not much evidence in either way, but before we study for
         | reasons how smoking could protect from covid, we would like to
         | know for sure that this is really true.
        
           | Alex3917 wrote:
           | > Equally we have many studies showing that vitamin D helps
           | to reduce risk from covid (hint: it doesn't).
           | 
           | But we know the reason for this; in order to get the
           | circulatory and anti-viral benefits of vitamin D, you need to
           | be exposed to a sufficient amount of UVA. But most folks who
           | are getting a sufficient amount of UVA are also getting
           | enough UVB to make enough vitamin D in the first place, which
           | is what always causes the outcomes of the studies to look
           | equivocal. It's really not that complicated, but researchers
           | keep running fake studies to scam money out of the government
           | and make pharma drugs look more effective by comparison.
        
             | jumanjijumanji wrote:
             | I'm sure I'm just misunderstanding, but I don't follow the
             | explanation. What do UVA and UVB have to do with this, and
             | why does that lead to weird results?
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | There is very good evidence that vitamin D in general helps
           | your immune response. It may be that there is a second factor
           | here (another commenter suggested that UVA light was also
           | involved in this process), but the evidence in favor of
           | boosting your immune response by getting sunlight every day
           | is pretty conclusive.
           | 
           | I would be surprised if this study was a vindication of
           | vitamin D, though, rather than a false positive. I think
           | smoking has been shown to generally have negative effects on
           | your overall health (and immune system).
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | > generally have negative effects on your overall health
             | 
             | smoking tobacco for years, every day, definitely changes
             | your body. Most of those effects are not great in the long
             | run, yet many people start and continue to smoke cigarettes
             | for years on end. The change to lung tissue, mucus
             | membranes, tongue, mouth ecosystem.. are real.. and for an
             | otherwise healthy person, yes, they have to get "tougher".
        
             | NoPie wrote:
             | Vitamin D is obviously necessary, mostly for bone health,
             | but any study of supplementing it for other purposes to
             | people without any symptoms of deficiency have been
             | disappointing.
        
           | jgalt212 wrote:
           | > Equally we have many studies showing that vitamin D helps
           | to reduce risk from covid (hint: it doesn't).
           | 
           | How so?
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | It's easy to be confidently wrong with statistics.
           | 
           | Ivermectin improves outcomes in a hospital setting... but
           | only in developing nations.
           | 
           | There's _two_ confounding effects there! One, you have to be
           | sick enough to be treated in hospital and two, living in a
           | place with high levels of endemic parasite infections.
           | 
           | Ivermectin treats parasites. Parasites are _helped_ by the
           | steroids given for severe infections. Treating the parasite
           | infections does -- demonstrably -- help outcomes, but not
           | uniformly. It 's not a prophylactic and it won't do much of
           | anything in developed nations where less than 1% of the
           | population has parasites.
           | 
           | I noticed just how _bad_ these studies were when I took
           | Tamiflu for the worst flu I had ever had. I went from crying
           | in pain to  "this feels like a mild sniffle" in less than 12
           | hours, the fastest I had ever experienced flu symptoms
           | subsiding.
           | 
           | My doctor recommended against taking Tamiful because it was
           | expensive (not really) and that studies showed that its
           | effects were marginal, something like reducing the duration
           | of symptoms by a mere 1/2 a day out of 2-3 weeks.
           | 
           | Reducing the duration... reducing the _duration_. You see,
           | there 's no objective method for measuring symptom _severity_
           | , so during studies of new medications, they _don 't._ They
           | measure duration. But duration is very difficult to reduce,
           | because of the way the learning process of the immune system
           | works. There's a bunch of sequential processes that occur
           | sequentially.
           | 
           | Tamiflu reduces symptom severity but not duration. So
           | apparently it's "worthless", because it improves only
           | outcomes that aren't measured.
           | 
           | Whether you're crying in pain or not is apparently not
           | objective enough...
        
             | johnnymorgan wrote:
             | Have we seen studies from India, Peru and a few other
             | countries, japan as well I believe, on ivermectin?
        
             | jumanjijumanji wrote:
             | > But duration is very difficult to reduce, because of the
             | way the learning process of the immune system works.
             | There's a bunch of sequential processes that occur
             | sequentially.
             | 
             | I'm genuinely very curious for more detail about this. Can
             | you describe what some of the processes are (or better,
             | where I can go to learn about it)?
        
             | a1369209993 wrote:
             | > Tamiflu reduces symptom severity but not duration. So
             | apparently it's "worthless", because it improves only
             | outcomes that aren't measured.
             | 
             | To be fair, that's not really "being confidently wrong with
             | statistics" so much as "being confidently wrong by ignoring
             | all of the statistics that are inconvenient to collect".
        
             | outworlder wrote:
             | > Ivermectin improves outcomes in a hospital setting... but
             | only in developing nations.
             | 
             | Precisely. The only studies I could find that were well
             | done and did show correlation were in developing nations.
             | Turns out that having parasites + a severe viral infection
             | can be bad for you.
             | 
             | However, most intestinal parasites are cleared with a much
             | lighter regimen that many ivermectin advocates were
             | suggesting, some with megadoses that are harmful to the
             | liver. There are other dewormers that are much better -
             | some are even single dose.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | We have many studies showing that hypovitaminosis D is
           | correlated with the risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms. What's
           | not clear is whether there is a direct causative
           | relationship, or if higher blood vitamin D levels are just a
           | proxy for other generally healthy lifestyle factors.
           | 
           | Some studies have shown a protective effect from vitamin D
           | supplementation and others have not. The general flaw in most
           | of those studies has been that they gave all of the study
           | patients the same dosage instead of titrating the dosage to
           | hit a target blood level. There are huge variations between
           | individuals based on sunlight exposure, diet, genetics, and
           | other pathologies so the data is really noisy.
           | 
           | Before making any claims in this area I recommend reading
           | through at least the abstracts of all studies indexed on this
           | page. It's a complex area and we have no definitive
           | conclusions yet.
           | 
           | https://vitamin-d-covid.shotwell.ca/
        
             | hooverd wrote:
             | I wonder if people with higher vitamin D levels are more
             | likely to touch grass. It's good for your immune system to
             | go outside.
        
       | xphilter wrote:
       | Smoking cover up? Goodness. Let's assume you're right and smoking
       | prevents Covid. The answer would be to get everyone to start
       | smoking??? Get everyone hooked on nicotine? If the goal is to
       | prevent Covid, masks are better--they're cheap, easy, and have no
       | side effects. (Which drives people mad, but imagine telling them
       | to start smoking instead. Actually I could see the anti-maskers
       | firing up a box a day lol).
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | This is such a horribly immature statement to make. There are
         | many chemicals in cigarettes that can be utilized to either
         | prevent or understand how Covid infects the human body, and
         | what we can do to stop it. The nicotonic receptors are highly
         | utilized by the immune system.
         | 
         | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11062-007-0037-2
         | 
         | I'm really getting tired of this lack of creative thought in
         | thinking about health and disease.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please make your substantive points without swipes. This is
           | in the site guidelines:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
           | 
           | Edit: we've had to ask you this several times already:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33568920 (Nov 2022)
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31632010 (June 2022)
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31239687 (May 2022)
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30570715 (March 2022)
           | 
           | If you continue doing this we're going to have to ban you. If
           | you'd please review
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and stick to
           | the rules, we'd appreciate it.
        
           | Something1234 wrote:
        
         | Izkata wrote:
         | The next step would be to figure out why and if it can be
         | duplicated without the negative effects.
        
         | LanceH wrote:
         | > Smoking cover up? Goodness. Let's assume you're right and
         | smoking prevents Covid. The answer would be to get everyone to
         | start smoking?
         | 
         | The answer isn't to lie to people for their own good, and there
         | was a lot of that going on with regard to Covid.
        
       | osigurdson wrote:
       | Gotta love reality. Always messing with the humans that _need_
       | things to be a certain way.
        
       | throwaway22032 wrote:
       | Does anyone else find this baffling as an avenue of exploration
       | to begin with?
       | 
       | The health impacts of a 30 year old healthy male smoking tobacco
       | massively outweigh what coronavirus would do to them in 99.9
       | percent of cases, likely higher.
       | 
       | It feels a bit like saying you could reduce your chance of toe
       | cancer by amputating your toe. Theoretically sure, if you're
       | already in a wheelchair, why not, no toes required.
       | 
       | But that's a niche line of enquiry.
        
         | benjaminwootton wrote:
         | Though you are right, this doesn't mean that it's not an
         | interesting avenue of investigation by which we could learn
         | something important about the disease.
        
         | saalweachter wrote:
         | > It feels a bit like saying you could reduce your chance of
         | toe cancer by amputating your toe.
         | 
         | Not disagreeing with your actual point, but we do actually
         | sometimes opt to remove body parts if the cancer risk is high
         | enough, because cancer metastasizes.
         | 
         | So in the hypothetical toe-cancer case, you might go from a X0%
         | chance of developing toe cancer with a Y0% chance of it
         | metastasizing to a 0% chance, which might be worth losing a toe
         | over.
        
         | addingadimensio wrote:
         | covid infections per year vs x cigarettes per year? Clear as
         | mud.
        
       | tlhunter wrote:
       | > would have been enough to alarm Zuckerberg's minions
       | 
       | If you're not going to write the article seriously, I'm not going
       | to the article read seriously.
        
         | ipaddr wrote:
         | Probably not the article to comment on then.
        
       | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
       | TLDR: Author isn't a doctor but googled some stuff and loves to
       | play a rebel.
        
       | intrasight wrote:
       | Replace "smoking" with "body odor" in that article, and it will
       | still make as much sense:
       | 
       | "Having body odor to ward off a respiratory disease does seem
       | counterintuitive, I will grant you, and alternative explanations
       | have been put forward."
        
       | JustSomeNobody wrote:
       | Based on the smokers I know, I wonder if it is because smokers,
       | by and large, have been banished to the outdoors. They're much
       | more likely to sit outside at restaurants, they frequently go
       | outside for smoke breaks, they tend not to go places that are
       | overly restrictive of smokers and thus less likely to be around
       | larger groups of people.
        
       | DanAtC wrote:
       | This publication is bordering on garbage
       | https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/spiked-magazine/
        
         | fleddr wrote:
         | As is your comment.
         | 
         | First, if it is biased, it should be trivially easy for you to
         | refute the points made by the author.
         | 
         | Second, a biased publication does not make a biased article.
         | I'm sure that when a far-right publication publishes a weather
         | report, it's not optimized for "conservative views".
        
       | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
       | I'm wondering and pondering, when they'll get up to speed,
       | investigating smoking first-class weed? Not the street shit from
       | town, but lovingly grown from best seeds, satisfying all needs.
        
       | MarkusWandel wrote:
       | What's so terrible about a positive correlation or even
       | causality? Here's another one I just made up that's probably
       | true: Morbidly obese people have a much lower rate of dying from
       | bicycle accidents. That can be true without needing a coverup
       | conspiracy.
        
       | psychphysic wrote:
       | This is neat I'll have to dig into it.
       | 
       | I love this kind of inconvenient result.
       | 
       | That said. Why was ivermectin and hydroxy-chloroquinine promoted
       | so aggressively and successfully but not smoking?
       | 
       | That's similar to if the moon landing was fake why didn't the
       | Soviets point it out?
       | 
       | I believe asthmatics were also not as negatively affected as
       | initially expected. That was put down to them being more likely
       | to shield and use of steroid inhaler. Maybe tar is good for the
       | lungs?
       | 
       | That systematically reviewing a large body of evidence is tough
       | and it's not clear the author has the chops for that. You don't
       | just do a head count or just add it all up. He makes no mention
       | of publication bias (does he know how to look for it?). He
       | dismissed explanations without reason (the very same thing he
       | accuses "they" or doing.).
        
       | vintermann wrote:
       | Isn't this a classic example of collider bias?
        
       | EMM_386 wrote:
       | There's a good chance this comes down to nicotine.
       | 
       | > Biological mechanisms exist to explain why smoking could
       | protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection. I don't pretend to be
       | qualified to assess them, but the basic idea is that nicotine
       | competes with the virus for the ACE2 receptor. The few studies
       | looking at vaping have produced mixed results, but an intriguing
       | study from the US found that Covid-19 patients who are smokers
       | had better outcomes in hospital when given nicotine patches.
        
       | acdha wrote:
       | This story is trying way too hard to be controversial, starting
       | with the incorrect claim that "back then Big Tech's fact-checkers
       | were still describing claims about SARS-CoV-2 being airborne and
       | face masks preventing infection as 'misleading'". His recounting
       | of his personal Google search results is an amusing anecdote but
       | it's just showing his search history - the same search without a
       | Google cookie turns up a couple of recent peer-reviewed studies
       | which found smokers had higher risks of complications from
       | infections.
       | 
       | The actual topic is more interesting than the framing: it's been
       | observed since pretty early on and covered in both conventional
       | and social media but there wasn't a firm explanation, and nobody
       | sane was going to recommend taking up smoking as a preventative
       | measure so it's unclear what other coverage the author expected.
        
         | drewrv wrote:
         | The actual reason is probably unrelated to the act of smoking.
         | Smokers are different than the general population in a number
         | of ways - Smokers are addicted to an appetite suppressant and
         | are skinnier than the general population. Since obesity is
         | linked to poor covid outcomes that could play a role. - I'd
         | guess that smokers are younger on average since, grimly, they
         | don't make it into old age as often (or they quit). Age is also
         | linked to poor covid outcomes. - Smokers spend more time
         | outdoors and are more likely to sit outdoors at
         | restaurants/bars.
         | 
         | It's definitely an interesting statistical effect but I don't
         | think there's any actionable information in the correlation.
        
           | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
           | Isn't this not actually what the user you are responding to
           | was saying? Smokers have worse outcomes, but they seem to get
           | it less. All of your points address better outcomes, with the
           | exception of the outdoors bit.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | Smokers who took nicotine during recovery, recovered
             | quicker.
        
             | drewrv wrote:
             | My point is that the data is messy. Smokers aren't a
             | randomized subset of the general population.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > the incorrect claim that "back then Big Tech's fact-checkers
         | were still describing claims about SARS-CoV-2 being airborne
         | and face masks preventing infection as 'misleading'".
         | 
         | This is a not an incorrect claim, it is a correct claim.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | You just made a claim, about a claim, about a claim, about a
           | claim.
           | 
           | My claim is that it is getting too deep.
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | Both the original SARS and coronaviruses in general are known
           | to spread via droplets in the air, and from the beginning
           | folks assumed this was one way SARS-COV-2 spread.
           | 
           | What was unknown was how long the virus could remain viable
           | after the droplets landed on surfaces. If it is a long time,
           | then mishandling a soiled mask could easily undo any benefit
           | of wearing it. This is the same reason people were washing
           | their groceries and mail. We now know that is spreads very
           | poorly this way, so we wear masks and we don't wash our
           | groceries anymore.
        
             | graeme wrote:
             | It was apparent _very_ early that there were spread
             | patterns only explainable by aerosols. The Diamond Princess
             | was the earliest publicized example, with cases occurring
             | onboard despite isolation in cabins. Japanese experts
             | understood the lesson immediately and implemented a  "three
             | C's" approach to counter airborne spread: avoid close
             | contact, closed spaces, and crowds.
             | 
             | Western governments and experts and the WHO instead took a
             | "lalalala I can't see this" and to this day many still deny
             | airborne transmission and advocate droplet and fomite
             | precautions.
             | 
             | There was not in fact any great mystery about aerosol
             | spread unless you were positively convinced it was
             | impossible. The early tech fact checking was based on this
             | denial, rather than a good faith uncertainty.
             | 
             | Zeynep Tufecki wrote a good article about how airborne
             | spread was resisted:
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/07/opinion/coronavirus-
             | airbo...
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | Just to be clear, I am not in any way defending the CDC's
               | botching the understanding that COVID's primary means of
               | spreading is airborne. I just remember reading about this
               | on social media, including Zeynep's many posts, without
               | ever seeing those moderated. Given the general tenor of
               | this post, I suspect that the author might have been
               | lumping reasonable claims many experts supported in with
               | more speculative claims.
        
               | rhino369 wrote:
               | While it took way way way too long for the scientific
               | community to recognize airborne spread, it's hard to say
               | that stuff like Diamond Princess could ONLY be explained
               | by airborne spread. It was early in the pandemic, the
               | disease was poorly understood. It's hard to know if the
               | quarantine was effective--passengers could have continued
               | socializing, sick workers distributing food may have been
               | spreading it, etc.
               | 
               | It's a big leap from a single data point.
               | 
               | The more damning issue is that the assumption that it
               | wasn't airborne in the first place wasn't really well
               | founded.
        
               | graeme wrote:
               | Ok, best explained. If you had no prior bias, airborne
               | spread was most likely cause for Diamond Princess
               | pattern. Western society and WHO had a 100 year prior
               | bias against accepting that respiratory diseases spread
               | via the air.
               | 
               | It all comes back to the victory of germ theory over
               | miasma theory. Germ theory is accurate but people got
               | overzealous. Not all germs need be fomites.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | > While it took way way way too long for the scientific
               | community to recognize airborne spread
               | 
               | I would make that more specifically as referring to the
               | Western public health establishment, especially the CDC
               | and WHO. Actual scientists were comfortable saying
               | recognition was overdue fairly early on, reaching the
               | point in July 2020 where a large group published an open
               | letter:
               | 
               | https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/71/9/2311/5867798
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00925-7
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | There's a paywall on nytimes so I can't confirm if it's
               | the same topic, but see also
               | https://www.wired.com/story/the-teeny-tiny-scientific-
               | screwu...
               | 
               | The screw-up the title refers to is that the medical
               | definition of the droplet/aerosol threshold has been
               | wrong for most of a century, and the source only just
               | tracked down in late 2020/early 2021.
               | 
               | Also buried in there is an interesting tidbit that
               | experts resist aerosol spread in general because it's too
               | similar to the long-discredited miasma theory, so each
               | virus has had to individually be proven in a lab to have
               | aerosol spread before it's acceptable to say so.
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | This is true but a more subtle distinction about size of
               | droplet.
               | 
               | If the virus spread primarily by aerosols then cloth and
               | surgical masks would have little preventative value. But
               | we know that they do have preventative value.
               | 
               | The reality as understood today is a mix of droplet
               | sizes. Larger droplets carry more load and hence more
               | risk but work over a smaller radius. But smaller droplets
               | can carry enough load to infect; especially since later
               | variants seem more infectious (i.e. require a smaller
               | load to gain a foothold).
        
               | graeme wrote:
               | Not so. Surgical masks still filter about 50-60% of
               | aerosols. They are made of similar material to N95 masks,
               | only issue is fit.
               | 
               | A 50-60% reduction has substantial effects! There's been
               | a lot of "perfect is the enemy of the good, and the good
               | is useless" in this pandemic, but we know that 100% of
               | people do not get instantly infected when exposed, so
               | dropping levels by half will have a substantial impact,
               | especially if the infected source wears such a mask too
        
             | hackinthebochs wrote:
             | The issue of an airborne disease is not just a matter of
             | droplets, but whether infectious particles are aerosolized
             | such that they hang in the air for hours. The 6 feet social
             | distancing rule only makes sense in the context of droplet
             | based, non-aerosol transmission. It was only after more
             | than a year into the pandemic that CDC acknowledged that
             | COVID is airborne and updated their guidance.
             | 
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/07/health/coronavirus-
             | airbor...
             | 
             | https://www.wired.com/story/the-teeny-tiny-scientific-
             | screwu...
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | "Airborne" and "aerosols" are not synonyms. You're right
               | about aerosols but the question above is whether we knew
               | that the virus traveled in a manner that a mask could
               | interfere with. That includes short-range droplets, not
               | just aerosols.
               | 
               | We knew very early on that droplets were likely and that
               | masks could block many droplets. The question was whether
               | the mask would itself become a major vector in the
               | process.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | Do you have any citations? I saw both of those claims being
           | discussed heavily on Twitter and Facebook during that time
           | without those disclaimers so if there was some campaign it
           | appears to have been pretty limited.
        
             | rngname22 wrote:
             | Anecdata but the more "official" covid subreddits
             | /r/coronavirus and then /r/covid19 started off pretty free
             | speech but then began bringing in more and more moderation
             | and allowing less divergence from agreed upon narrative, if
             | parent poster is a heavy Reddit user perhaps that is where
             | their feelings come from.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | That could definitely explain something like that -
               | basically upgrading some random Reddit moderators to "Big
               | Tech", and substantially broadening the perceived scope.
        
               | simplotek wrote:
               | > Anecdata but the more "official" covid subreddits
               | /r/coronavirus and then /r/covid19 brought started off
               | pretty free speech but then began bringing in more and
               | more moderation (...)
               | 
               | Aren't you talking about the growth in conspiracy nuts
               | fabricating all sorts of conspiracy theories and assorted
               | loony claims, such as the infamous "covid is caused by
               | 5G" idiot fest, which were flooding covid-related forums?
               | 
               | Are we now expected to turn a blind eye to all the sadly
               | avoidable deaths that conspiracy nuts and antivaxxers
               | with their bullshit claims brought upon the world in the
               | last couple of years? I mean, countless people ended up
               | queuing veterinarian supply stores to gargle on horse
               | dewormer thanks to these morons. Depicting these loonies
               | as innocent truth-seekers that just asked questions and
               | fought conspiracies is intellectually dishonest.
        
               | zaroth wrote:
               | > "Are we now expected to..."
               | 
               | I think you are jumping waaay past the assertion you are
               | replying to.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | What I don't understand is why this has just emerged. Surely,
       | this effect is not selective specifically for SARS-CoV? We have
       | been smoking for eons, and have had respiratory viruses for
       | bigger eons. Is there no documentation about whether smokers
       | catch colds and flus more or less?
       | 
       | It reminds of how we supposedly didn't start knowing anything
       | about the effectiveness of masks until 2020.
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | A coffee and cigar a day, keeps the doctor away.
        
       | susrev wrote:
       | yummy cigs > vaccine
        
       | daVe23hu wrote:
        
       | iepathos wrote:
       | Reminds me of the silly graphs you can find proving correlation
       | is not causation like the correlation between Nicolas Cage movies
       | coming out and increase in people drowning by falling into pools.
       | If a Nicolas cage movie comes out this year then people are 50%
       | more likely to drown by falling into a pool and it's a cover up
       | if fact checkers hide this fact from gullible people /s
        
       | pluijzer wrote:
        
       | NicoJuicy wrote:
       | There was a study about this and i was aware of this.
       | 
       | Not sure what qualifies as a cover-up It was also not broadly
       | mentioned that vitamine d reduces the chance to catch COVID.
       | 
       | I don't see a big conspiracy in that.
       | 
       | Ps. If i remember it correctly, it was that COVID couldn't attach
       | to some cells in the lungs well. Which reduced the odds to catch
       | COVID.
       | 
       | Ps 2. There's also an interesting study when you catch COVID
       | early on and take pure CBD oil.
        
       | imgabe wrote:
       | In the height of the pandemic when people were grasping
       | desperately at anything that appeared to help (wiping down
       | groceries, holding your breath to "prove" you didn't have covid,
       | drinking fish tank cleaner etc) I have to admit it makes sense to
       | downplay something like smoking preventing Covid.
       | 
       | Covid had/has a pretty low mortality rate and now there is an
       | effective vaccine. It makes sense to not encourage people to take
       | up a highly addictive habit with myriad lifelong health effects
       | just to maybe prevent a disease that would likely have harmed
       | them much less than smoking anyway.
        
         | happyopossum wrote:
         | > and now there is an effective vaccine
         | 
         | I'm not sure I'd call it 'effective' anymore - it's better than
         | nothing, and reduces risks, but 'effective' should have a
         | higher bar than what we're seeing today.
        
       | Quarrelsome wrote:
       | as an ex-smoker I shielded myself more from COVID than I might
       | otherwise have because I considered myself a risk category.
       | Perhaps this might be the sort of thing which contributes to the
       | difference.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | wiskinator wrote:
       | Full disclaimer: I haven't read the article, and am just being a
       | smartass.
       | 
       | What if it's because no one wants to get within 2 meters of a
       | smoker anymore :)
        
         | Natsu wrote:
         | I can also believe that the stuff in smoke that kills your
         | lungs could destroy viruses. I think the 'why' is important,
         | given how addictive nicotine is and the fact that you're
         | trading poisons by smoking to avoid covid.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | Built-in social distancing, heh.
        
         | ohadron wrote:
         | Interesting. Or smokers having to spend time outside and away
         | from crowded places.
        
         | mcqueenjordan wrote:
         | Had the same thought.
        
       | FollowingTheDao wrote:
       | Can we talk about the great cover-up of zinc deficiency now?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Imnimo wrote:
       | I clicked on the first study in the linked blog post. Here is
       | what it says:
       | 
       | >We found that active smoking was associated with lower odds of
       | having a positive test result. There are several plausible
       | reasons for this result. Active smoking might affect
       | nasopharyngeal viral load and therefore affect RT-PCR test
       | sensitivity, rather than protecting against actual infection,
       | although this effect is not known to occur with influenza RT-PCR
       | testing.49 Alternatively, as patients with symptoms are more
       | likely to have been tested and included in our analysis,
       | selection bias could affect this result.50 Smokers are more
       | likely to have a cough, meaning they might also be more likely to
       | be tested for SARS-CoV-2 than non-smokers, even if they are SARS-
       | CoV-2 negative. This more frequent testing could increase the
       | proportion of smokers with negative SARS-CoV-2 results in our
       | sample, which would bias our results. However, the proportion of
       | smokers in our study was low. Furthermore, ex-smokers and people
       | with chronic lung disease would also be expected to cough more,
       | but these groups did not have higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 test
       | positivity. Therefore, the relationship between smoking and SARS-
       | CoV-2 infection merits further investigation. Nicotine might
       | downregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors,51 which
       | are used by SARS-CoV-2 for cell entry, although studies have
       | found increased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 lung expression
       | among smokers and people with chronic obstructive pulmonary
       | disease.52, 53 Our findings should not be used to conclude that
       | smoking prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, or to encourage ongoing
       | smoking, particularly given the well documented harms to overall
       | health from smoking, the potential for smoking to increase
       | COVID-19 disease severity,46 and the possible alternative
       | explanations for these findings.
       | 
       | I'm not going to check the other 99, but if this is the standard
       | of evidence, I don't find "I made a list of 100 studies!"
       | particularly persuasive. If it's just incidental correlations
       | from studies that aren't designed to specifically investigate the
       | causal link and rule out confounding factors, the list doesn't
       | mean anything.
        
         | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
         | No ethics board in the world will approve an RCT of cigarettes
         | for Covid, so you're asking for an unobtainable standard of
         | evidence here.
        
           | Imnimo wrote:
           | I disagree that that is the only way of constructing a study
           | which is effective in investigating this question. I also
           | don't accept that the fact an RCT is not viable would somehow
           | imply that we should draw out conclusions from studies like
           | the above.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | Nicotine patches or inhalers would be an option? Assuming it
           | is the nicotine and not a different chemical.
        
       | Zigurd wrote:
       | The author says it is "intriguing" that providing hospitalized
       | smokers with nicotine patches improved outcomes. _You_ might
       | think  "nicotine withdrawal is a lousy companion to trying to
       | recover from COVID" but the author thinks it supports the
       | hypothesis that nicotine competes with COVID for ACE2 receptors.
        
       | ltbarcly3 wrote:
       | As this article points out, there was a lot of correct
       | information being posted that was flagged as misinformation
       | because the officially correct information was incorrect, even
       | though much of it was extremely obviously true (such as n95 masks
       | reducing the chance of infection). In fact it was simultaneously
       | a crisis that n95 masks were in short supply for medical workers
       | and disputed that n95 masks could be useful to protect people
       | from covid infection.
       | 
       | Before you have a knee-jerk reaction to this, look it up, what I
       | am saying is easy to verify for yourself to be accurate.
        
         | axiolite wrote:
         | Please point out anywhere that "officially correct information"
         | stated that n95 masks did not reduce the chance of infection.
         | 
         | Very early on, I recall statements discouraging mask use
         | because of concerns the public would incorrectly wear them and
         | increase their risk. At that time there was very limited
         | information about how COVID-19 spread, with the NY Subway steam
         | cleaning their cars on a nightly basis, and people washing
         | their mail in an attempt to prevent infection.
         | 
         | Here's what Factcheck.org has to say on the subject:
         | 
         | https://www.factcheck.org/2021/08/scicheck-misinformation-ab...
        
           | ltbarcly3 wrote:
           | I can find tons of examples very easily. The last link is a
           | video of Fauci saying masks won't help and aren't worth it.
           | At the time, if you said people should wear masks, you were
           | 'spreading misinformation'.
           | 
           | https://www.cnn.com/factsfirst/politics/factcheck_e58c20c6-8.
           | ..
           | 
           | "While Fauci, along with several other US health leaders,
           | initially advised people not to wear masks, Fauci later said
           | that he was concerned that there wouldn't be enough
           | protective equipment for health care workers. This was also
           | early in the pandemic before public health experts fully knew
           | how contagious the disease was and how it spread."
           | 
           | https://www.newsweek.com/fauci-said-masks-not-really-
           | effecti...
           | 
           | https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackbrewster/2020/10/20/is-
           | trum...
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JddXPeeNGoo&t=10s
        
             | axiolite wrote:
             | Absolutely NONE of your sources quotes anyone claiming that
             | N95 masks don't protect against disease.
             | 
             | In several cases, (early on) the statement was made that
             | "drugstore" (surgical) masks won't protect the wearer, and
             | only those with symptoms were recommended to wear them.
             | That changed when research showed asymptomatic people were
             | spreading COVID-19, then it was suggested that EVERYONE
             | wear a (cloth or surgical) mask, not to protect themselves,
             | but to protect the public from you. Other than that,
             | everything said was and is still true.
             | 
             | Nothing about N95 masks specifically... Probably because
             | the public just couldn't buy them at the time.
        
               | ltbarcly3 wrote:
               | A claim that 'masks' don't protect generally does imply
               | N95 masks don't protect specifically.
               | 
               | Did you not see the last video? Why are you trying to
               | amend history to suit your political views here? Fauci
               | repeatedly discouraged mask use because he said people
               | would infect themselves by touching their faces to adjust
               | the mask. He said this over and over, and that applies to
               | N95 as much as any other mask.
               | 
               | Frankly due to the amount of intentional suppression of
               | these videos it's hard to find them. You would think
               | there would be plenty of documentation of all the news
               | around covid, especially the early days, but lots of tv
               | appearances have fallen down the memory hole.
               | 
               | It doesn't not matter, yes it was hard to buy an N95 mask
               | at the time, but many, many people have N100 or P100
               | masks for work. As a hobby I spray paint sometimes, so I
               | have multiple P100 masks, which far exceed anything
               | necessary to prevent infection. The truth is people
               | should have been encouraged to wear masks, and educated
               | on which masks are effective and which were not. Fauci
               | was wrong about masks early on, and as usual for him he
               | lied about it later (hilariously that he lied is his
               | official story, he lied to protect mask supplies, so he
               | would rather you think he lied previously rather than was
               | incompetent) to try to avoid looking like he made a
               | mistake.
        
         | nverno wrote:
         | I remember that, it was a funny Catch-22- stop buying masks,
         | the doctors need them- but masks don't protect you from covid.
         | In retrospect, though, I think the narrative that they weren't
         | effective only lasted about as long as the shortage, so
         | probably was intended to relieve that situation.
        
         | mort96 wrote:
         | This was IMO one of the great blunders which seriously damaged
         | trust in governments. Would we have had as many firmly anti-
         | mask people if the story had always been "Masks probably work,
         | but please don't don't buy them because healthcare workers need
         | them"? Probably not.
         | 
         | Morally, I don't think it's acceptable to lie "for the greater
         | good"; people who would otherwise have used masks they already
         | owned might have died due to that lie. Strategically, I think
         | undermining trust in medical institutions is the most dangerous
         | thing you can do during a crisis like the covid pandemic.
        
         | ender341341 wrote:
         | This one is super unfortunate, I understand that they were
         | trying to protect the supply of n95 masks for medical personnel
         | but they did it in a completely backwards way that destroyed
         | the trust of a massive amount of the population (and it didn't
         | help that WHO went out of their way to ignore evidence cause it
         | was presented by Taiwan and was inconvenient for China).
         | 
         | I remember knowing super quickly that the answers being given
         | were clearly political with a _wink wink_ being given, but also
         | if you weren 't looking at the actual sources and were just
         | watching fox/cnn/msnbc you weren't getting that metadata so can
         | understand people being so frustrated.
        
       | BashiBazouk wrote:
       | I'm not on Facebook or Twitter but from here and Reddit, I read
       | plenty of articles on COVID and smoking in 2020 and beyond. From
       | those articles, if I was asked today I would say less chance of
       | catching COVID for smokers but worse outcomes if they do catch
       | it. Right or wrong, that is how the information trickled down to
       | me. "Cover-up" may be a bit strong...
        
       | Fomite wrote:
       | I don't think this has been particularly ignored - in
       | epidemiology circles, the reaction, by and large was "Huh. That's
       | weird - I wonder why that is?"
       | 
       | But it's also not particularly _actionable_. In terms of a
       | modifiable intervention,  "Quick, everyone take up smoking!" is a
       | horrible idea, so it remains in the domain of "A scientific
       | curiosity, and a rare 'W' for one of the worst voluntary health
       | risks one can have."
       | 
       | That's not a cover up.
        
         | akimball wrote:
         | It is very actionable: Give nicotine to patients. No smoking
         | required.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | RajT88 wrote:
           | Yes. That is also a terrible idea. Worse than off-brand uses
           | of other medications, because it is addictive on top of being
           | unproven.
        
             | akimball wrote:
             | Yet it is strictly necessary in order to test the physical
             | model.
        
             | geofft wrote:
             | I was about to post roughly this comment, but then I
             | remembered reading https://www.gwern.net/Nicotine a while
             | ago:
             | 
             | > _many asso[?]ci[?]a[?]tions with harm are con[?]founded
             | by past or present to[?]bacco use [...] but when pure
             | nicotine is ex[?]am[?]ined [...] the harms ap[?]peared
             | min[?]i[?]mal: like all stim[?]u[?]lants, nico[?]tine may
             | raise blood pres[?]sure some[?]what, and is ad[?]dic[?]tive
             | to some de[?]gree, but the risks do not ap[?]pear much more
             | strik[?]ingly harm[?]ful than caffeine [...] There is
             | lit[?]tle ev[?]i[?]dence from the NRT [nicotine replacement
             | therapy] lit[?]er[?]a[?]ture that 'never-smokers' like
             | my[?]self are all that likely to be[?]come highly
             | ad[?]dicted_
             | 
             | (To be clear, I understand why the medical community would
             | be hesitant to endorse this without it rising to the level
             | of a "cover-up," but it seems like it's not as bad an idea
             | as it intuitively sounds. But it's also unclear if the
             | stimulant levels mentioned in that article are anywhere
             | close to the levels relevant for covid.)
        
           | sacrosancty wrote:
           | Was there any evidence that the nicotine was what helped,
           | rather than the smoke or something else?
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | Are you sure nicotine is the active ingredient here that's
           | mitigating the COVID? It's certainly what smokers crave but
           | the COVID virus could be affected by some other part of the
           | smoke.
        
             | akimball wrote:
             | Sure? I am sure of very little. My priors (i.e. my physical
             | model) favor the theory that nicotine prevents infection by
             | blocking ACE2 receptors. I have no posterior inferences to
             | confirm or refute the hypothesis.
        
       | del_operator wrote:
       | Wondering also the chances you get induced social distancing for
       | smelling like smoke.
        
       | NoPie wrote:
       | Observational studies are rubbish though and suffer from too many
       | problems. I don't have much trust in them. It might be true but
       | we don't have good evidence that we could cover up.
        
       | FollowingTheDao wrote:
       | I'll just leave this here:
       | 
       | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.6539...
        
       | boopmaster wrote:
       | The author's framing of the issue as speech suppression is, in my
       | eyes, far more interesting than the study and backing evidence,
       | and certainly more interesting than contra-claims about acquiring
       | COVID here in this thread.
       | 
       | Yet here we are barking at the moon about vitamin D and playing
       | jump to conclusions by forcibly cramming words into the post re:
       | taking up smoking.
       | 
       | The point isn't to start smoking because this post isn't directly
       | about COVID, the point is that inconvenient yet possible truths
       | can be crushed by our digital overlords.
        
         | boopmaster wrote:
         | afterthought: Author can go ahead and add this thread to list
         | of supporting docs. :-P we're doing all the work fighting over
         | study itself that we'll bury any idea of censored speech.
        
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