[HN Gopher] The War on General Purpose Computing (2015) [video]
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The War on General Purpose Computing (2015) [video]
        
       Author : tosh
       Score  : 399 points
       Date   : 2022-12-04 14:54 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (csclub.uwaterloo.ca)
 (TXT) w3m dump (csclub.uwaterloo.ca)
        
       | tomxor wrote:
       | > Because it's the nervous system of the 21st century. We've got
       | to stop treating it like a political football.
       | 
       | Remember this, when anyone brings up mindless arguments against
       | encryption or promotes other policies eroding the internet.
       | 
       | The internet is invaluable to modern society, in the same way
       | that the wheel is... politicians don't fuck with wheels, even
       | though they are invaluable tools for criminals and terrorists, no
       | one would be stupid enough to risk breaking wheels. Politicians
       | need to wake up and realise that the internet is not a toy.
        
         | pfoof wrote:
         | You are expecting too much from undeveloped brains of
         | politicians
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | There is no "war" on general purpose computing. There is a clear
       | realization that the vast majority of people cannot securely run
       | and maintain an open computer.
       | 
       | Perhaps more importantly, _they just don't want to_.
       | 
       | People want appliances like smartphones. That's it.
       | 
       | The more computers there are the more dangerous bad actors
       | becomes and the higher the cost of negligence. Botnets, DDOS
       | attacks, etc. the only real way to combat these is at the source
       | and that's by taking away management of those devices from most
       | users.
        
         | postalrat wrote:
         | Users like yourself.
         | 
         | edit: I don't mean this as an insult. I wouldn't want people to
         | read "most users" and assume they aren't in that group.
        
         | vorpalhex wrote:
         | People should not fear their government. Governments should
         | fear their people.
         | 
         | Perhaps the same should apply to vendors.
        
           | samwillis wrote:
           | As a Brit this is one of the things I find so strange about
           | US culture, there seems to be a real fear of government and
           | authority. It seems (to me) that people in the US fear their
           | government will do things that damage their freedom and
           | rights through malicious intent.
           | 
           | I feel that here in he UK most people don't fear the
           | government, they just think they are a bunch of useless
           | muppets who have no idea what they are doing.
        
             | vorpalhex wrote:
             | And yet you can be jailed for a mean tweet and can't own
             | firearms more or less. You have barely avoided (for now) a
             | backdoor being forcibly installed onto every chat and
             | messaging service, though you may still see required
             | snooping on semi public platforms.
             | 
             | It is the tyrants favor to be seen as useless and weak.
        
               | samwillis wrote:
               | > you can be jailed for a mean tweet
               | 
               | No you can't. It's far more complex than that, you have
               | to be a very bad person (or very VERY stupid repeatedly
               | ignoring warnings) for that to happen.
               | 
               | > can't own firearms
               | 
               | Good! We don't want people to have them. (Only somewhere
               | between 1-4% want weaker firearms regulations)
               | 
               | > You have barely avoided (for now) a backdoor being
               | forcibly installed onto every chat and messaging service
               | 
               | True, and it was quite right for the intelligence
               | services to lobby for that, that's their job. But our
               | democratic system worked and it was prevented by the
               | multiple levels of government. They will try again, but I
               | trust the system will prevent it.
               | 
               | > you may still see required snooping on semi public
               | platforms
               | 
               | And I wouldn't be surprised if there is general support
               | for this in the UK.
        
               | vorpalhex wrote:
               | "the only good Brit soldier is a deed one, burn auld
               | fella buuuuurn."
               | 
               | That was enough for one old man to get arrested.
        
             | xboxnolifes wrote:
             | The US at least has provable history that it's intelligence
             | organizations aren't completely incompetent and have
             | already setup mass surveillance on it's citizens.
        
         | rektide wrote:
         | Your assertion would be worth considering if any alternative
         | had been given even 1/1000th the effort the prevailing
         | corporate-run paradigm has been given. Confident assertions we
         | are where we are because this is what people want, when no
         | alternative has been presented or tried, is ridiculous.
         | 
         | Then you go on to assert that authoritarian control is the only
         | viable option. Here we have counter examples! Systems like
         | Pop!_OS are parallel efforts to desktop systems like mac or
         | windows, not designed for masterful smart supernerds but just
         | to ne viable desktops for all, without fiddling, with safe-
         | enough defaults. It didnt take suborning users under corporate
         | whip to get here. Windows & Mac also show general purpose
         | computing is in the broad possible- would that phones have at
         | least this much freedom. But they dont.
        
           | ryukafalz wrote:
           | Right - you can't make conclusions that people's choices are
           | the result of some revealed preference when there aren't
           | viable alternatives readily available.
           | 
           | I'm reminded also of our car-dominated cities in the US. In
           | our current built environment, cycling isn't considered as an
           | option by most because it doesn't feel safe. But cities
           | around the world have shown that if you change the
           | infrastructure such that it does, people will start cycling.
           | The high car usage isn't a revealed preference, it's the
           | result of a lack of other options.
           | 
           | So too with tech. The only options typically available for
           | smartphones are Android with Play Services and iOS, and while
           | it's _possible_ to have Android without Play Services, you
           | won 't find phones sold that way unless you're technical
           | enough to know what to look for, in which case you can
           | probably install it yourself. (And things break in weird and
           | wonderful ways without Play Services, because much of what we
           | now consider core functionality for a phone has been moved
           | into it.) Effectively, for the typical user, it's not an
           | option.
           | 
           | Likewise with Linux desktops; they're more available than the
           | phones mentioned above, but they're still not likely to be
           | found where people typically buy laptops and desktops. You
           | have to specifically go seeking them out, meaning the typical
           | shopper doesn't even see them as an option.
        
           | themacguffinman wrote:
           | Oh please, general purpose computing used to be all that was
           | available, it used to be the mainstream. Mac, Windows, Linux,
           | all of them are losing marketshare (or didn't have
           | marketshare to begin with) and are locking down to match the
           | UX of the newly favored mobile platforms.
           | 
           | Even on mobile, you have locked down iOS vs open Android and
           | what do consumers choose? Android used to be incredibly open
           | and was badly losing to iOS (outside consumers who just
           | couldn't afford it) as it was open to viruses and
           | fragmentation. Google has since learned from that mistake.
           | 
           | But there's always some other excuse. It's like communism,
           | it's just never been tried, all those tries don't count
           | because some aspect of reality got in the way. So what will
           | it be this time? You don't like Google? Linux too hard to
           | maintain? Say all the reasons that you consider way more
           | important than general purpose computing and you'll have
           | proved their point: users just don't want to.
           | 
           | You know why companies put so much effort into locked down
           | platforms? Because users pay them for it. Anyone, including
           | you, is free to dump their effort into making general purpose
           | computing great again, so why don't you do it? Say why you're
           | not doing it back to yourself, it's the reason why no one
           | else is.
        
         | _aavaa_ wrote:
         | The is no "war" on free speech. There is a clear realization
         | that the vast majority of people cannot properly say and hold
         | correct opinions.
         | 
         | Perhaps more importantly, _they just don't want to_.
         | 
         | People want prescribed speech like being told how to think.
         | That's it.
         | 
         | The more people who can say whatever they want the more
         | dangerous bad actors becomes and the higher the cost of
         | negligence. Misinformation, hate speech, etc. the only real way
         | to combat these is at the source and that's by taking away
         | management of those words from most people.
         | 
         | EDIT: apparently the /s needs to be explicit
        
           | tAigoejfu wrote:
           | Do another one, this time about free exchange of money and
           | how people can't learn how to spend it only on approved
           | things. Add something implying an equivalence between porn
           | and terrorism.
           | 
           | Which is why the HN crowd buys Apple trinkets, and claims to
           | use Brave, because it makes them feel good about their stance
           | on privacy. Yet that same crowd abhors cryptocurrency, but
           | doesn't seem to mind increasingly strict US reporting
           | requirements of practically any meaningful monetary
           | transaction.
        
             | _aavaa_ wrote:
             | Perhaps if all that tracking was instead sold to users as
             | way of preventing countries from bypassing embargoes or to
             | ensure nobody is learning how to order drugs online that
             | we'd all abhor Brave for the energy that it wastes or bad
             | behaviour it allows.
        
           | helloworld11 wrote:
           | The worrisome thing is that a remarkable number of smug, self
           | righteous elitists share your disgusting views of how certain
           | self-appointed betters should herd the rest of humanity along
           | "correct" lines. It's been a disgusting bane of our species
           | for millennia under different guises and it only shifts its
           | talking points over time. Never mind that this minority is no
           | less prone to all the human shittiness and stupidity that
           | anyone else suffers, only more damaging because they
           | apportion power for themselves over many more things.
        
             | jakeogh wrote:
             | I agree with ya, but that's good satire. The kind that
             | really cuts to the point.
        
             | _aavaa_ wrote:
             | I'm sorry, I didn't think I needed a /s at the end of this.
             | I assumed it would be clearly understood to be a criticism
             | of the parent's argument and not an endorsement of it.
        
               | helloworld11 wrote:
               | Honestly sorry then. That one flew right over my head.
               | And since some people really do think exactly that way,
               | all the more believable.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | No worries.
               | 
               | Yes, they are really are the same argument as you went
               | into detail yourself.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | The notion that corporations would turn down a lucrative profit
         | opportunity in order to 'give people what they want' is rather
         | naive. For example, the talk discusses the farmer who wasn't
         | given root access to their John Deere tractor, to disable a
         | faulty sensor - because that sensor was collecting data,
         | sending it back to the tractor manufacturer, who was using that
         | data as part of their crop futures trading strategy. If the
         | farmer wanted that data themselves, they had to buy seeds from
         | Monsanto!
         | 
         | I can't imagine any farmer not wanting the option of shutting
         | off remote updates and remote access, and just having complete
         | control over the equipment they bought. This is particularly
         | true for older hardware... i.e. many old computers will run
         | Linux just fine even if Windows support was ended years ago.
        
           | themacguffinman wrote:
           | Farmers also want free money, they want blackjack and hookers
           | too. Can you give it to them?
           | 
           | What farmers want means nothing if they don't pay for it. If
           | there is some hidden wellspring of farmers who really want
           | those options then any manufacturer who makes tractors with
           | those options will easily steal lots of customers and profits
           | from John Deere. That's what you might call a "lucrative
           | profit opportunity".
           | 
           | But it won't happen, because farmers don't actually
           | prioritize it when buying tractors, they prioritize tool
           | efficiency and are content to idly complain about this issue
           | without putting any money where their mouth is. Go ahead,
           | start a root-access tractor business, then customers will
           | suddenly tell you 99 reasons why John Deere's tractor is
           | still better than yours _because these telemetry options are
           | some of the least important things when buying a tractor_ and
           | practically no farmer will actually reward you for it.
           | 
           | But sure, they _want_ it. They 'll even go as far as writing
           | an internet comment complaining about it!
        
         | ip26 wrote:
         | I used to be someone who was happy to maintain multiple open
         | computers. But as computers proliferate in our lives, it became
         | ridiculous. I have between 10-15 full fledged computers I
         | personally operate on a daily basis. I no longer have any
         | interest in carefully tending to the needs of each one twice a
         | week.
        
           | nayuki wrote:
           | This might interest you: https://tiamat.tsotech.com/pao
           | 
           | > Personal Application Omnipresence, PAO. It's a theoretical
           | computing model where your applications are available to you
           | from any device.
           | 
           | > My ideal for computing consists of applications that run on
           | a central application server that I own. I want each
           | application to be a single running instance to which I can
           | connect and then interact with, from anywhere, from any
           | device.
        
           | Eleison23 wrote:
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | (2011)
       | 
       | And a bunch of these predictions never materialized. Subscription
       | models are more widespread, but there's also more and better
       | choices for opting out, and a much richer variety of development
       | targets and ecosystems to mess around in.
        
       | Garlef wrote:
       | Ach. I don't know.
       | 
       | I think that general purpose computing is simply changing.
       | 
       | It's not going to be "A man and his Linux in a basement" anymore
       | but rather "Let's run some code in a remote distributed
       | serverless runtime". Cloud Excell for the masses.
       | 
       | One part where we can already see this is how cloud environments
       | like colab, hugging face, repl.it, etc remove some parts of
       | maintaining a full installation of an OS. If you just want to
       | write some python and run it on a GPU you don't have to buy a
       | GPU, install drivers, etc anymore.
       | 
       | We should be happy that we won't have to care about the bare
       | metal (unless we want to).
        
         | matlin wrote:
         | The downside to this future is that it, being the shift from
         | applications to services, means instead of your data living on
         | your computer it is instead fragmented across a bunch of other
         | random places.
         | 
         | While most consumers don't really care and actually prefer the
         | switch to everything being cloud-first, the stagnation it can
         | cause for other developers is substantial.
         | 
         | E.g. If I want to make a cool email client, I don't have to ask
         | the user's permission to send and receive emails, I have to
         | have Google's permission to access their machine and to make
         | this compelling as Gmail, I have to then store all of my user's
         | data on my own servers. This compared to me just writing a
         | client-side application that has no server requirements is a
         | huge bust IMO.
         | 
         | My preferred future is where every user has their own server
         | that can run general purpose applications. It would have all
         | the benefits of the cloud (data available across all of your
         | devices) and would grant developers more freedoms to create
         | compelling experiences.
         | 
         | The future, I want is that some high schooler could create the
         | next Google Docs without having to compete with Google on large
         | scale data infrastructure and security but instead on _user
         | experience_.
        
           | Garlef wrote:
           | > every user has their own server
           | 
           | I think we're on the same page.
           | 
           | The only difference is that I think that the
           | OS/Server/Filesystem is a big hinderance for many
           | applications. I just want an environment where I can to
           | execute arbitrary code.
           | 
           | My version would be
           | 
           | *> Every user has their own remote code execution
           | environment.
           | 
           | One good candidate for the near future would be serverless
           | WASM runtimes backed by serverless databases. (But you'll
           | still have to store your codebase in a file system.)
        
       | nonrandomstring wrote:
       | We need a civic cybersecurity bill. Nor _for_ corporate interests
       | but one written by the people to explicitly protect us _from_
       | corporations and governments.
        
         | generalizations wrote:
         | We just need to sign an open letter that says what we, as
         | developers, will and will not build, and what kinds of
         | ostracism will result from not signing or not adhering.
        
           | jrm4 wrote:
           | I so _wish_ this would be a viable thing, but it 's not,
           | especially right now. In a way, you can blame "STEM", right?
           | So many people in here, someone would likely sell out.
           | 
           | Law/Policy/Liability and whatever other methods one can get
           | skin in the game are the only answer. Harmful software has to
           | be _punished._
        
           | yoyohello13 wrote:
           | I hate to break it to you, but many, many devs out their
           | (yes, even on HN) are more than happy to sell their soul for
           | a salary bump.
        
           | scottLobster wrote:
           | I hope this is sarcasm, otherwise it's rather naive. This may
           | shock you, but lots of devs are not on reddit or HN, and do
           | not participate in OSS development. They won't even know such
           | a letter exists unless someone higher up the nerd tiers told
           | them. For such a letter to have any teeth we'd need a
           | nationwide developers union to enforce it, otherwise it would
           | be just more impotent righteous noise on the internet
        
         | goosedragons wrote:
         | A digital rights bill. No, you can't label that button "buy"
         | and then turn around 6 months later and delete it from my
         | account. No, you can't go out of business and just turn off the
         | DRM servers without removing the restrictions. No, you can't
         | just add DRM to physical crap so you can get a monopoly, etc.
         | Yes, users have the right to format shift your crap. If you
         | want them to rebuy to use on X device add something worthwhile.
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | > Yes, users have the right to format shift your crap
           | 
           | Doesn't this require a change in copyright law? As far as I
           | know, ripping a CD for personal use is still technically an
           | unauthorized copy in the USA.
        
             | goosedragons wrote:
             | Ripping a CD is fine because there is no DRM. Ripping a DVD
             | is illegal because it involves breaking DRM. Yes it would
             | require a change but it should.
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | My cybersecurity class dubbed it a "Bill of Bytes".
           | 
           | The things you mention off the top of your head are just some
           | of possibly 50 or 60 pressing issues relating to "consumer
           | rights", trade and manufacture, intellectual property,
           | information rights and privacy, digital sustainability,
           | security and resilience.
           | 
           | The time has come to collect them all into a coherent
           | analysis and set out limits, principles and safeguards.
           | 
           | Those most interested/invested in this will not be random Joe
           | in the street (about whom most readers here will proclaim:
           | "they don't care and therefore deserve no protection") - but
           | developers. _Us_. Because without some guidance to protect
           | our industry from ourselves it will spiral down over the next
           | decade until  "technology" becomes the second common rallying
           | point, after environment, against which people organise.
           | 
           | Like climate, I think we are at a potential turning point,
           | with a window of opportunity, to decide whether digital
           | technology will be part of the solution, or another part of
           | the problem.
        
         | ianai wrote:
         | Defining, enforcing, and reinforcing property rights absolutely
         | is within a government's purpose. So I agree that governments
         | need to step up and modernize the law within the digital world.
        
           | boppo1 wrote:
           | Do you mean they should clarify I own my devices and data, or
           | google/apple do?
        
             | ianai wrote:
             | Obviously the originator of the data should have original
             | rights to it. It shouldn't be something that can be given
             | away in a EULA without outright compensation and
             | consideration.
        
       | c7b wrote:
       | > ...UK's David Cameron, who've joined in with the NSA and
       | GCHQ...
       | 
       | What year is the article from? David Cameron resigned as British
       | PM in June 2016 and as MP in September. He since seems to have
       | held a number of positions on charity and corporation boards, I
       | couldn't find anything that would tie him to current political
       | decisions.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | 2015, per the URL for the linked talk video.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Jenda_ wrote:
       | Transcript of a 2011 version:
       | https://boingboing.net/2012/01/10/lockdown.html
       | 
       | The version linked here seems to be more about collected examples
       | of such war, DRM, right to repair etc.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related threads. Others?
       | 
       |  _Lockdown: The coming war on general-purpose computing (2012)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32224751 - July 2022 (87
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _We will win the war for general-purpose computing_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27859463 - July 2021 (178
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Taking a Stand in the War on General-Purpose Computing_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26242991 - Feb 2021 (287
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Coming Civil War over General Purpose Computing (2012)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24866279 - Oct 2020 (210
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Lockdown: The coming war on general-purpose computing (2011)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19872364 - May 2019 (59
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Lockdown - The coming war on general-purpose computing (2012)_
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14335261 - May 2017 (96
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The coming civil war over general purpose computing_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4436139 - Aug 2012 (98
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Lockdown - The coming war on general-purpose computing_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3448754 - Jan 2012 (46
       | comments)
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | I did not view the video, but I believe "General Purpose
       | Computing" is coming to an end. With everyone moving to Cell
       | Phones plus the boot lockdown (Secure Boot) and things like Intel
       | ME, TPM, future is not looking too bright. And I heard Microsoft
       | is requiring some new addition to Chips that Windows will need
       | which seems to be a kind of backdoor (I forgot what it is
       | called).
       | 
       | I am sure many people here have seen this, looks to me this is
       | the direction society is slowly heading towards:
       | 
       | www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html
        
         | teddyh wrote:
         | More details can be had in _The Digital Imprimatur_ (from
         | 2003): https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/digital-imprimatur/
        
         | drivers99 wrote:
         | We can still build our own computers and software from scratch
         | if necessary.
        
           | Jenda_ wrote:
           | The problem is that you will need software/services that only
           | run on the "trusted" platform. An early example of this are
           | services that require "apps" that require Google Services on
           | Android, detect rooting or even require remote attestation.
        
             | drivers99 wrote:
             | In that case we would need to use services (assuming they
             | are actually needed) that respect freedom, or create them
             | or find alternative ways to meet the same need.
        
               | runjake wrote:
               | Therein lies the whole point.
        
               | Jenda_ wrote:
               | It may be difficult, for example it may require starting
               | a new bank, or outright impossible, when most people you
               | need to communicate with (e.g. for business, or hobbies -
               | but of course you can go living in the woods) are on some
               | proprietary communication platform (think of
               | WhatsApp/Facebook). Other times it may be "just" wildly
               | inconvenient, e.g. when all taxi services, bikesharing
               | and public transport in a given city will be available
               | only through an "app". As another anecdote from real
               | life, the 2022 AMS meeting
               | (https://annual.ametsoc.org/index.cfm/2022/about-the-
               | meeting/...) required "daily health survey" through a
               | "CLEAR app" to attend.
        
             | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
             | I do not believe it is possible to watch high resolution
             | content from Netflix on Linux.
        
         | asmor wrote:
        
           | TreeRingCounter wrote:
           | > nobody really seems to care about locking you out of your
           | own (non-mobile) device
           | 
           | The "non-mobile" caveat is doing a _lot_ of work in 2022.
           | >90% of computer time is on mobile devices.
           | 
           | > I ask that you care about republicans banning actual
           | physical books from schools as least as much
           | 
           | This seems like a total non-sequitur. Why do you bring this
           | up? In any case, the last 3-4 times I looked into one of
           | these cases, the "ban" was actually just removing the book
           | from the mandatory curriculum. There are also some at-least-
           | as-severe "bans" from the left, like removing Huckleberry
           | Finn due to racial designators that are considered offensive.
           | The pressure to ban these books does not come from
           | republicans.
        
             | asmor wrote:
             | > Why do you bring this up?
             | 
             | One, because it is a much more immediate issue than
             | hypothetical digital access restrictions to the "wrong"
             | books. These books are being made unavailable _right now_.
             | 
             | Two, because the FSF/GNU, as usual, has a huge blind spot
             | for who they should advocate for. They always seem less
             | concerned with a wide range of people having access to
             | books or code (i.e. the supposed 90% of smartphone users)
             | and more with _them_ (on a decade old libreboot laptop
             | running linux-libre - something only a very dedicated
             | individual will build or comission and accept the
             | inconveniences of) having access to books. The book bans
             | in, for instance, Texas are much more easy to circumvent,
             | but affect many more people. Suppressing access to queer
             | literature (for instance) for 80% of the population right
             | now is much more dangerous than a hypothetical technology
             | that could censor 99% tomorrow. Those 19% are probably not
             | even worth chasing, because you already convinced a
             | majority that this material doesn't exist.
             | 
             | > In any case, the last 3-4 times I looked into one of
             | these cases, the "ban" was actually just removing the book
             | from the mandatory curriculum.
             | 
             | "especially on those from historically marginalized
             | backgrounds who are watching their _library shelves_
             | emptied "
             | 
             | https://pen.org/report/banned-usa-growing-movement-to-
             | censor...
        
             | asmor wrote:
             | this comment was about Pluton. Mobile is an entirely
             | different beast.
             | 
             | But that aside, the extent of the "lockdown" outside of
             | recent Huawei shenanigans always seems to be limited to
             | which corporations can put their services on a device under
             | which rules. Not which books you can read.
        
               | Jenda_ wrote:
               | > Mobile is an entirely different beast.
               | 
               | Why would desktop vendors not follow the same pathway? To
               | me, it looks like it is only a "tradition" (desktop
               | computers are from an era when it was deemed normal to
               | tinker with your OS) and the paradigm can shift.
        
               | PhasmaFelis wrote:
               | They're very different markets with very different needs.
               | The market share of PCs will fall, relative to phones,
               | but never vanish, and as it falls the casual users will
               | leave, leaving an even greater concentration of
               | tinkerers.
               | 
               | There are hundreds of millions of passionate hobbyists of
               | various types who use PCs specifically _because_ of their
               | deep versatility, including all of the nascent coders
               | that the big corps depend on for their next generation of
               | dev hires. Abandoning them would be like automakers
               | abandoning the transport truck market because it 's not
               | as big as the family car market. They would lose a bunch
               | of money, and money is the bottom line.
        
               | Jenda_ wrote:
               | You are right that the business depending on the
               | "tradition" is way bigger than I anticipated.
               | 
               | > There are hundreds of millions of passionate hobbyists
               | of various types who use PCs specifically because of
               | their deep versatility
               | 
               | I think there would be lots of hobbyists tinkering with
               | smartphones...
               | 
               | > including all of the nascent coders that the big corps
               | depend on for their next generation of dev hires
               | 
               | This is something I sometimes worry about: I think most
               | of current developers/sysadmins/hackers started by
               | tinkering with their computer, playing with snippets of
               | HTML/Python/shell, and therefore we will get much less
               | coders in the near future, as kids are moving to devices
               | which do not allow such easy tinkering? (yes, I know
               | there are smartphone apps that provide some
               | functionality, but I think it's generally less
               | accessible)
        
               | asmor wrote:
               | Because it is extremely disruptive to the entire
               | platform? Windows has been keeping decades old APIs on
               | life support for the sake of business customers. This
               | would quite literally be the opposite move.
               | 
               | These two ecosystems have not converged in the past 20+
               | years, why would they now?
               | 
               | Also, somehow most Android vendors still provide
               | bootloader unlock keys.
        
             | CharlesW wrote:
             | > _> 90% of computer time is on mobile devices._
             | 
             | But >90% of _that_ time is used for consumption and
             | communication, in which case an appliance that prioritizes
             | security over hackability is the right answer for non-
             | technical people. In the relatively few cases where a
             | mobile general-purpose computer is necessary, there are
             | many suitable mobile devices -- laptops, rooted tablets,
             | Linux phones, etc.
        
             | alkonaut wrote:
             | > The "non-mobile" caveat is doing a lot of work in 2022.
             | >90% of computer time is on mobile devices.
             | 
             | Sure. But I don't feel robbed of the ability to do general
             | purpose computing so long as my device for general purpose
             | computing allows me to do general purpose computing. Even
             | if my locked down phone stays locked down. I want my phone
             | to be a locked down appliance and I bought it _because_
             | it's a locked down appliance, not despite that it was.
             | 
             | The question is perhaps: is it a problem that we have 2
             | classes of devices (mostly open like PCs, and mostly closed
             | like everything else from consoles to phones cars), and
             | that we need the first kind less and less?
             | 
             | That's certainly happening. But for me to consider
             | something a war on general purpose computing I'd need to
             | see actual attacks on my ability to use my general purpose
             | computing devices. Not merely that I'm given more options
             | to use _other_ devices.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | This trend towards simpler and simpler abstractions is
               | everywhere.
               | 
               | We see it in the development world as well, with
               | languages provide ever higher abstractions, and
               | frameworks providing ever more opinionated approaches to
               | solving things.
               | 
               | This happens not because of some war against writing
               | ultra high performance code in assembly, but because
               | developers don't want to deal with assembly on a daily
               | basis.
               | 
               | My phone is a device that needs to just work. My
               | desktop/laptop are devices that needs to let me do
               | whatever I want them to.
               | 
               | Too often, people in our community conflate the two and
               | conclude nefarious intent, when what we're seeing are
               | market forces at work and the creation of products that
               | the market demands.
               | 
               | This isn't to say that we should not be vigilant, but I
               | agree with what you're saying here - these trends are not
               | by themselves evidence of a war on general purpose
               | computing.
        
               | CogitoCogito wrote:
               | > Too often, people in our community conflate the two and
               | conclude nefarious intent, when what we're seeing are
               | market forces at work and the creation of products that
               | the market demands.
               | 
               | I find it hard to ascribe it all to "market forces" when
               | it's also aided by legislation like the DMCA. Anyway if
               | the EU Digital Markets act someday opens up App stores,
               | we'll see _more_ market forces at play and can see
               | exactly what consumers truly want.
        
               | haswell wrote:
               | These aren't mutually exclusive though. There absolutely
               | are forces that we should be worried about.
               | 
               | My point is that despite these concerns, there are
               | completely natural and understandable reasons for many of
               | the trends we're seeing that are unrelated to those
               | concerns and don't necessarily imply progression towards
               | an environment hostile to general purpose computing.
        
               | saurik wrote:
               | The vast majority of people do not buy devices because
               | they are locked down. In fact the idea that someone buys
               | a phone because it is locked down and not because it fits
               | in their pockets and has a radio on it is so disingenuous
               | as to defy the intelligence of the reader. You only ever
               | see that take on Hacker News (or similar tech forums)
               | where people who are vested into this world defend their
               | decisions.
               | 
               | On the contrary--and I can say this with some air of
               | authority--normal people bristle at restrictions they run
               | into and when given the opportunity to escape those
               | restrictions do so in large numbers. Despite the
               | ridiculous amount of complication and even risk involved
               | with jailbreaking one's phone, we had something like 12%
               | of people with an iPhone jailbreaking them at some point
               | (and, no: it had little to do with piracy, and even the
               | United States Copyright Office agreed with that: people
               | wanted functionality that wasn't being provided).
               | 
               | The reality is: people at best buy these devices without
               | understanding that they are locked down or at worst
               | _despite_ them being locked down. The business model of
               | selling a locked down device is just so enticing that it
               | has become hard to find devices that maintain high
               | quality that aren 't locked down, particularly at low
               | price points. The only reason there seem to exist any
               | anymore is because there are a handful of people at
               | Google--and specifically Google--who have decided to
               | defend the world from this fate.
               | 
               | And even they aren't perfect. Virtually the entire
               | category of ultrabooks seems to have fallen to
               | Chromebooks, and I seriously had to sit around for an
               | hour _soldering_ to create a special magic USB debugging
               | serial bypass cable that I use to essentially _jailbreak_
               | these things so I can run actual-Linux on them.
               | 
               | And that's really what is going to be your fate: the
               | concept of a general purpose laptop is going to slowly
               | die off and you are going to find yourself with fewer and
               | fewer options that cost an arm and a leg vs. the
               | ridiculously cheap alternative devices that will start to
               | have better hardware or different design tradeoffs and
               | you are also going to switch.
               | 
               | The mere existence that "sure, I can still spend a small
               | fortune to obtain a general purpose computer" doesn't
               | somehow prevent our fate, particularly given that these
               | arguments tend to come from anti-DRM "nut jobs" like Cory
               | and I who will point out that your general purpose
               | computer is cool and all but if it isn't allowed to
               | connect to the same networks or busses (think HDMCP) as
               | the locked down devices then we are still losing
               | something important: we aren't claiming you won't be able
               | to build a computer, only that it won't be useful anymore
               | :(.
        
               | alkonaut wrote:
               | > You only ever see that take on Hacker News (or similar
               | tech forums) where people who are vested into this world
               | defend their decisions.
               | 
               | Outside of places like HN and similar you get blank
               | stares if you ask the question of what people think about
               | the closedneas or openness of their device. If you
               | clarify that (say) they would perhaps like to use an app
               | from a different source, it's again blank stares.
               | 
               | I of course wouldn't actively _mind_ if it was much
               | easier to sideload an app on iOS, but if there was e.g
               | some openness push that required multiple app stores to
               | not just be available but also that all be equally
               | prominent (like the browser or media player thing in
               | Windows) then I'm completely convinced that it would be a
               | disaster for users. More freedom, cheaper, but fractured
               | and insecure. I'm not sure it's a net positive. And I'm
               | sure my dad would be more confused.
               | 
               | > the concept of a general purpose laptop is going to
               | slowly die off and you are going to find yourself with
               | fewer and fewer options that cost an arm and a leg vs.
               | the ridiculously cheap alternative devices that will
               | start to have better hardware or different design
               | tradeoffs and you are also going to switch.
               | 
               | I believe this too. And while I don't much like this
               | future, I don't really have a good answer. I don't think
               | the answer is to somehow require any appliance to be more
               | open. It seems misdirected.
               | 
               | That PCs will be expensive and niche is probably true.
               | They'll go back to where they started before the home
               | computing revolution, to be professional tools for
               | content creators, developers, scientists and similar.
               | It's not the PC that's threatened, it's the cheap home PC
               | that's threatened. Not the workstation or video editing
               | rig.
               | 
               | But the thing about the cheap home PC for web browsing,
               | photo organization and light word processing is that it
               | was never really a good tool for the job. It was a
               | malware ridden crash prone slow machine that we (the HN
               | people who now tell our relatives to get iPads or
               | ChromeBooks for browsing) had to fix around the holidays.
        
               | akkartik wrote:
               | Normal people bristle at restrictions they run into --
               | but also apps that take advantage of the freedoms granted
               | them. The early value of browsers and AJAX was precisely
               | that the browser was locked down. "Nothing to install" is
               | valuable because of this. So I think both of you can be
               | right. "Buying devices because it's locked down" only
               | seems disingenuous if the locking down is for oneself.
        
               | rfoo wrote:
               | If the user can choose to unlock their devices, it's the
               | users themselves locking down the device and it makes
               | sense to say "Buying devices because it's locked down /
               | can be locked down".
               | 
               | Otherwise, it's not "Buying devices because it's locked
               | down", it's "I have no other choice but buying locked
               | down devices".
               | 
               | The browser is something running on top of an open
               | general purpose computing device. In this case, it's the
               | user (who decided to run a browser instead of native
               | apps) decided to lock themselves down and it's totally
               | different.
        
               | akkartik wrote:
               | Sure. You're not disagreeing.
               | 
               | People want control and people want safety without having
               | to think about it all the time. I think we haven't found
               | the best technical solution to this tension, and we're
               | stuck on a local optimum of "ignorance is bliss." Ideal
               | would be something people can learn at their own pace
               | over time -- and still not think about most of the time.
               | You know, what the word "abstraction" is supposed to
               | mean.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | fsflover wrote:
             | > The "non-mobile" caveat is doing a lot of work in 2022.
             | >90% of computer time is on mobile devices.
             | 
             | Which is why I'm supporting GNU/Linux phones, Librem 5 and
             | Pinephone.
        
           | CogitoCogito wrote:
           | > But in reality, nobody really seems to care about locking
           | you out of your own (non-mobile) device.
           | 
           | Sounds like the war has already been lost.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | It's pretty easy to go buy a completely unlocked computer,
             | so the war is definitely not lost. Maybe if you only want
             | to run Windows or MacOS. But even then, my MacBook hasn't
             | yet refused to let me do something I wanted to do.
        
               | CogitoCogito wrote:
               | My point was that if one feels the need to restrict the
               | statement "non-mobile", then the war is already lost.
               | Mobile phones are the most common computers used today.
               | 
               | That said I'm glad that you personally have always been
               | able to do what you want to do with your MacBook.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | > This anxiety of an imminent all-encompassing wave of DRM
           | where you can only run approved software on all your
           | Windows/Linux devices has been going for more than 10 years.
           | 
           | So much longer. Go read any of the warnings that Cory
           | Doctorow has been writing for 20+ years about the _imminent_
           | war against general purpose computing, how DRM will end our
           | right to use our own CPU, and then look at the date lines,
           | and then ponder whether literally any of his predictions have
           | come true. Some people have made entire careers out of
           | talking about this.
        
             | Nicksil wrote:
             | >So much longer. Go read any of the warnings that Cory
             | Doctorow has been writing for 20+ years about the imminent
             | war against general purpose computing, how DRM will end our
             | right to use our own CPU, and then look at the date lines,
             | and then ponder whether literally any of his predictions
             | have come true. Some people have made entire careers out of
             | talking about this.
             | 
             | Can you say for certain that his writings didn't contribute
             | to those predictions _not_ coming true?
        
               | itsokimbatman wrote:
               | Lisa Simpson has a rock she would like to sell you:
               | https://youtu.be/xSVqLHghLpw
               | 
               | I mean, yeah, I get it. I worry about general purpose
               | computing going away too. I remember Stallman and
               | Doctorow talking about this in the early 2000s and saw
               | many iterations of this same thread pop up on Slashdot,
               | HN, Digg, Reddit, etc. over the years.
               | 
               | I dunno man, I guess I'm just skeptical over the dooming
               | at this point. I think a bigger issue is less about
               | whether we will be able to run whatever we want on our
               | computer, and more that the internet has just become a
               | cesspool of ads, clickbait, ragebait, and app sandboxed
               | content that's not discoverable by search engines. I
               | think you'll always have a fairly reasonable choice of
               | computers to run whatever software you want on. But
               | todays internet just isn't very fun anymore.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | I work in the industry and all I see around me everywhere
               | are skilled and talented people doing their level best to
               | ship the best and most useful products to their customers
               | at the lowest prices. The theory that the whole industry
               | was scared off from its former evil plan by the TED talks
               | of a bottom-shelf sci-fi author strikes me as highly
               | unlikely.
        
               | Nicksil wrote:
               | >I work in the industry and all I see around me
               | everywhere are skilled and talented people doing their
               | level best to ship the best and most useful products to
               | their customers at the lowest prices. The theory that the
               | whole industry was scared off from its former evil plan
               | by the TED talks of a bottom-shelf sci-fi author strikes
               | me as highly unlikely.
               | 
               | Your hyperbolic and insulting annotations degrade your
               | assertion.
               | 
               | >highly unlikely
               | 
               | So, plausible?
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | >So, plausible?
               | 
               | It's an impossible to verify claim. There is no way to be
               | 100% sure what the answer is.
        
           | blargke wrote:
        
           | joenot443 wrote:
           | As an aside, there's a very big world outside American
           | politics, and many of us outside the US don't really care for
           | it being brought into discussions where it's not otherwise
           | relevant. Just my 2 cents.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | asmor wrote:
             | I wish it was that easy to keep separate. I'm not actually
             | in the US either, but current attacks against queer people
             | in the US have still inspired similar tactics and movements
             | to form here[1]. I guess it's no surprised if Russian
             | Oligarchs (like CitizenGo) are involved.
             | 
             | [1] (in german):
             | https://nitter.net/i/status/1599025215337811969
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | General purpose computing was never really what the general
         | public wanted. We might go back to general purpose computing
         | for hobbyists.
        
           | rfoo wrote:
           | It is in our best interest to make the general public want
           | general purpose computing (and make general purpose computing
           | useful for them).
        
             | antisthenes wrote:
             | You're going to fight an uphill battle on that one.
             | 
             | In my experience the general public's notion of "general
             | purpose computing" is "Well, my phone can do everything I
             | need, isn't that general purpose computing?"
        
               | feanaro wrote:
               | "Sick of being forced to watch pesky ads instead of the
               | video you actually want to see? General purpose computing
               | is the reason you can."
        
         | MarkPNeyer wrote:
         | Lots of people i think would happily accept a global
         | authoritarian regime as long as it told the right stories about
         | how it was Making The World Better For Everyone <3
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | And another population that would accept such a regime as
           | long as it was making the world a worse place for the sort of
           | people they don't like.
        
             | qu4z-2 wrote:
             | I'm not convinced these are distinct populations.
        
         | conradev wrote:
         | I think it's important to understand why these trends are
         | happening if you want any hope of reversing them. It's not just
         | some incipient evil spreading its shadow over computing that we
         | need to address. These technologies represent an advancement in
         | the field, but the control of them is out of our hands.
         | 
         | The components you are referring to confer a clear and
         | important benefit to devices - a secure boot chain. This is the
         | most foolproof way we know to prevent tampering or hacking a
         | device.
         | 
         | The problem is that some of these secure boot chains don't
         | allow being overridden by users. Many do - the Pixel series of
         | phones, the M-series of Apple laptops, and Windows S devices
         | all allow "turning off" or "hijacking" their secure boot
         | chains. The further problem if you can turn off secure boot is
         | that these pieces of hardware often can't then be turned back
         | on with a different secure boot chain - say, one based on open
         | source software. Debian and NixOS and other OSes already have
         | zero-trust ways of verifying the integrity of their software
         | using reproducible builds, but they can't go the step further
         | and have the hardware it is installed on do the same
         | verification with some sort of signature.
         | 
         | GrapheneOS has figured out how to do this, and it leverages the
         | secure boot chain of the Pixel device. It is very cool and I
         | think a nice symbiosis between the hardware and open source
         | software: https://grapheneos.org/build#generating-release-
         | signing-keys
         | 
         | The next and more problematic part of what these technologies
         | provide is _integrity_ , which is the guarantee that on top of
         | the boot being secure, the software being run is from the
         | manufacturer and it behaves as the manufacturer intends. A lot
         | of functionality currently relies on this guarantee of
         | integrity: anti-cheat software, DRM software (Widevine, HDCP),
         | transit cards, credit cards, driver's licenses, etc. The
         | technology manufacturers aren't building this software because
         | they want to, but because they have to. The Original Sin for
         | the iPhone was carriers: at the time in 2008 they were really
         | worried about unlocking and tethering, and the prank of the day
         | was to put a flashlight app into the App Store that allowed
         | tethering via a proxy. Rights holders, carriers, game
         | manufacturers, etc all pressure tech companies to use integrity
         | to solve their problems.
         | 
         | Many of these solutions have alternatives that don't require OS
         | integrity: if the government issues signed digital IDs, for
         | example, then it wouldn't matter what software is running on
         | the phone. Some are tough and don't have alternatives, like
         | anti-cheat and DRM. DRM in particular is a complex US legal
         | issue: anti-circumvention is straight up breaking the law. No
         | solution would be comprehensive without changing the law.
         | 
         | Progress has been made, though! The fact that we have figured
         | out ways of unlocking boot chains in a way that is acceptable
         | to all of the large companies is awesome. Apple does it by
         | being able to guarantee other secure boot chains on the device
         | remain intact, and Google does it by ensuring the device is
         | wiped. This took real engineering effort to do.
         | 
         | It's important to push these companies to go further. An M1
         | iPad is almost identical to an M1 MacBook in hardware, and yet
         | Apple only allows the latter to run Linux.
         | 
         | The comment is already a blog post, but another big problem is
         | that these tools are great for anti-competitive purposes...
         | which the government is increasingly taking a look at.
        
           | martinflack wrote:
           | > The further problem if you can turn off secure boot is that
           | these pieces of hardware often can't then be turned back on
           | with a different secure boot chain - say, one based on open
           | source software.
           | 
           | Is your statement meant to be inclusive of, say, all laptops?
           | I was under the impression that one can setup a machine to
           | boot using personal keys rather than Microsoft keys:
           | https://www.dannyvanheumen.nl/post/secure-boot-in-fedora/
        
             | conradev wrote:
             | I don't consider UEFI Secure Boot to be on the same level
             | as these other secure boot technologies because it doesn't
             | help in the face of physical access to the machine.
             | 
             | The process of being able to use your own keys is certainly
             | cool, but it is less impressive if anyone with physical
             | access to the machine can also do that
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | > I think it's important to understand why these trends are
           | happening if you want any hope of reversing them.
           | 
           | Why? Because we let it happen. We keep buying these things
           | that have this function as a feature. The answer is simple
           | but it demands dedication and resilience.
           | 
           | Simply stop buying them and using them. Yes, a boycott. There
           | is no other answer because they are making ton of money doing
           | things this way and the one;y way they will stop is if we
           | stop making it profitable for them.
        
             | conradev wrote:
             | Boycotting is not a practical solution for so many reasons
             | for so much of the technology we use every day.
             | 
             | It represents a black-and-white way of thinking about the
             | problem when the entire point I am trying to make is that
             | everything is gray and if you work in technology you need
             | to understand the different shades of gray better.
        
             | photochemsyn wrote:
             | You need across-the-board regulation, things like right-to-
             | inspect-and-repair rules written into law, enforceable by
             | independent parties via civil lawsuits in law courts - and
             | that's because the entities involved have
             | monopoly/monopsony power in the markets.
             | 
             | At some point, it's like telling people who don't want to
             | drink dirty water that they should boycott their one and
             | only water provider.
        
         | ip26 wrote:
         | Why do you care if other people are using cell phones? You can
         | still build your own general purpose computer, and even if
         | Wintel no longer suits your needs, there are many other
         | options.
        
         | Jenda_ wrote:
         | > looks to me this is the direction society is slowly heading
         | towards
         | 
         | It's not, notice how easily it was circumvented in the story.
         | In reality, it would not be possible to lend Lissa the computer
         | with books, because there would be continuous FaceID checking
         | who is the real person staring at the screen.
         | 
         | Also, in the story, "ten percent of those fees went to the
         | researchers who wrote the papers", that would be a great
         | upgrade for the current world.
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | I oddly disagree. I mean the trend is definitely there, but
         | last time I checked unRaid can deal with TPM ( so clearly there
         | is an interest from motivated individuals to defeat that trend
         | ), cell phones are actually even more interesting as they were
         | kinda locked in to begin with and we are slowly seeing
         | competition from non-duopology sources ( purism, pine ) and
         | degoogled OSs..
         | 
         | The war is there, but it seems not all is lost just yet.
        
         | als0 wrote:
         | > And I heard Microsoft is requiring some new addition to Chips
         | that Windows will need which seems to be a kind of backdoor (I
         | forgot what it is called).
         | 
         | It's called Pluton, and (scarily) there is not much public
         | technical information about it.
        
           | cokeandpepsi wrote:
           | Intel should be figuring how to fix sleep on their chipset,
           | the company is managed by idiots and we just injected them
           | with billions of tax payer dollars so they can continue this
           | b.s.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | That doesn't sound too good. Last time some project was
           | called Pluto it was a continuously radiation spewing nuclear
           | ramjet.
        
           | taftster wrote:
           | Just some links for the lazy:
           | 
           | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-
           | us/windows/security/informati...
           | 
           | https://www.howtogeek.com/779095/what-is-microsofts-
           | pluton-s...
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | Note that none of this is technical information; it's just
             | broad descriptions of the sort that you could've written in
             | 2005. It's not clear in your links, but I think Pluton
             | updates work like microcode updates.
             | 
             | There's a nice quotation from the end of the How-To Geek
             | article:
             | 
             | > _As long as these measures don't prevent us from running
             | software we actually want to use, Pluton is a welcome
             | development._
        
               | taftster wrote:
               | Yeah, I wasn't trying to editorialize on this. I honestly
               | didn't know about Pluton, so I just included a couple of
               | links to newcomers like myself.
               | 
               | Indeed, Pluton could be beneficial, assuming you are on
               | the side of fully trusting the Microsoft ecosystem front-
               | to-back. Or scary if you don't trust the old 'Softy.
               | 
               | That being said, Apple's M1 architecture has a similar
               | security chip installed as well. Some people legitimately
               | want these walled gardens. We here at HN are probably
               | more on the fringe side than the majority.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | Very few people outside Microsoft _want_ these walled
               | gardens. They want the guarantees that the walled gardens
               | can give them.
        
               | javajosh wrote:
               | It's an eternal trade-off explored in much fiction. The
               | Browncoats v Alliance in Firefly or the Rebel Alliance v
               | the Empire in Star Wars, or the Vickies v anarchists in
               | The Diamond Age, and many more. We want both the
               | stability and humanity and safety of a cultured,
               | controlled civilization, and the creative, exuberant
               | culture that can be born out of periods of chaos. On a
               | personal level, this implies we all want to live on the
               | right side of the tracks, but have the option to party on
               | the wrong side of the tracks.
               | 
               | I think the rebels have to do better, to wit, they (we?)
               | have to work smarter to make software that's just as
               | functional but with far less code, so that it can be
               | audited by an actual human being. Software engineers take
               | a blase attitude about dependency bloat, but that must
               | change. We also need to be ready to run on open hardware
               | when it is released. Last but not least, we need to
               | invent a way for the best hackers and geeks to sift
               | through the software we run, people we trust to find
               | flaws and exploits and not use them. I, for one, would
               | gladly pay for this service, and I think thousands of
               | others would, too.
        
         | Eleison23 wrote:
         | A QA friend of mine remarked that he was amazed that the loss
         | of general purpose computing capability would be accomplished
         | simply by a change in form factor.
         | 
         | Smartphone OSes have propogated their own curated walled-garden
         | app stores, and then the desktop OS vendors follow suit. Soon
         | it will simply not be possible to install unsigned, uncertified
         | software on your computer, and that will be the end of GPC.
        
           | robinsonb5 wrote:
           | Which is why I desperately want someone to build a board
           | using a Yosys/nextpnr-supported FPGA and having loads of RAM.
           | Half a gig is a typical maximum for such boards - with access
           | to more generous amount of RAM building an entirely self-
           | hosting RISC-V based computer becomes plausible. OK it won't
           | be fast, but it will be Free. (Of course that might not help
           | much if the wider internet - or particular critical services
           | - starts to require remote attestation...)
        
             | Jenda_ wrote:
             | I think such solution is not needed now -- even if all the
             | vendors started selling only locked-down computers tomorrow
             | (realistically I think the fastest transition may take 10
             | years, you not only need to implement this at
             | motherboard/CPU vendors, but also within all these
             | corporations that have their own servers and thus depend on
             | running custom OSes), you still have loads of current
             | hardware that you can use until it breaks, let's say
             | another 10 years. Should the problem arise in 2035, you
             | will have completely different FPGA/ASIC possibilities
             | available by then, and current FPGAs are no longer
             | manufactured.
        
               | robinsonb5 wrote:
               | I hope it's never needed - but I'm also alarmed by how
               | quickly certain transitions are happening (perhaps I'm
               | just feeling especially pessimistic about the rate at
               | which we're sleepwalking into a tech dystopia because a
               | fortnight after the local supermarket installed a bunch
               | of self-checkout terminals, HSBC announced the closure of
               | over 100 UK branches, including the one I use!) We
               | already have Pluton-equipped laptops with the 3rd-party
               | signing key disabled by default - it's not a huge step
               | further to remove it entirely. So yeah, I hope it's never
               | needed, but "hope for the best, prepare for the worst",
               | and all that!
        
             | eric__cartman wrote:
             | I would love to see that come true in the future but sadly
             | nowadays the best way to have a fully free system is to use
             | older hardware and stock up in spare parts to keep it
             | running until an alternative pops up. Or one of those
             | workstations with an IBM POWER CPU, but the price point is
             | out of reach for most consumers.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | > Soon it will simply not be possible to install unsigned,
           | uncertified software on your computer,
           | 
           | Microsoft Windows has had that for a while. It's called
           | "Windows S".[1] Only software from the Microsoft store can be
           | installed.
           | 
           | The lowest price laptops from Walmart run Windows S.
           | 
           | [1] https://support.microsoft.com/en-
           | us/windows/windows-10-and-w...
        
             | jahnu wrote:
             | Afaik you can switch out of S mode. You just can't switch
             | it back on again.
             | 
             | https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/switching-out-
             | of...
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | > Afaik you can switch out of S mode.
               | 
               | Sometimes. For now. Machines in enterprise and school
               | environments often have that option locked out.
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | Those by definition aren't your computers.
        
               | DesiLurker wrote:
               | for now!
        
           | jorvi wrote:
           | And yet with the EU taking a first stab at (smartphone) OS
           | lockdowns, it's guaranteed most of the top comments here on
           | HN are just buckets of vitriol being poured on it. As
           | happened with the EU forcing a universal charging standard.
           | Or privacy protections.
        
             | ahartmetz wrote:
             | It such regulation comes, it will be taking away freedom to
             | take away freedom from the free market. Interesting
             | concept, and interesting mental gymnastics will be done.
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | Case in point.
               | 
               | I cannot fathom how Americans can point at the EU
               | successfully forcing phone manufacturers to switch from
               | 40 different types of proprietary chargers (we used to
               | have different chargers for different models within a
               | phone series ffs) to 1 and say "wow fuck the EU for
               | taking away the freedom that obligated me to have a
               | dedicated charging drawer". That is the true mental
               | gymnastics.
               | 
               | Same with privacy. What sane human thinks "yes please,
               | farm, process and store into perpetuity all the intimate
               | data points of my life"..
        
               | Panzer04 wrote:
               | The issue is we were already down to 3 different plugs -
               | micro-usb, usb-c and lightning. Most android phones are
               | already usb-c, so it's a pretty blatantly targeted
               | measure.
               | 
               | I'm mostly concerned about it locking out the development
               | of new standards that aren't USB, even if that was an
               | unlikely development anyway.
        
       | BryanA wrote:
       | He gave an interesting follow-up talk as well:
       | https://youtu.be/O_8J9rN1wug?t=477
        
       | college_physics wrote:
       | the outcome of that war depends, imho, largely on whether digital
       | computing will continue evolving at breakneck speed or whether it
       | will become commoditized, generic and (dare I say it), open
       | source
       | 
       | in the former case the current pattern of abusive oligopolies
       | will persist as society continues being dazed and confused about
       | the new toys and suspends critical judgement
       | 
       | but we might be erroneously projecting the rapid developments of
       | past decades (and the idiosyncratic events and actors that shaped
       | them) into a future that is increasingly driven by other dynamics
       | 
       | for one thing, the pace of innovation/adoption seems definitely
       | to be slowing down facing a combination of technical and
       | behavioral limits. a few more years without self-driving cars and
       | regular space travel tourism and we might start having a second
       | look at what has been the quid-pro-quo of all the tech hoopla.
       | awareness of the dangers and pitfalls of surveillance capitalism
       | (which is now the de-facto economic model through which computing
       | is deployed) is diffusing, slowly but surely. finally, the
       | ability of a tiny crowd of severely under-resourced hackers to
       | maintain fully functional alternatives, whether that is the linux
       | desktop, its huge collection of applications or the fediverse,
       | shows to anybody that cares to look that there _IS_ an
       | alternative.
       | 
       | Once/if the TINA spell is broken revisiting the role of computing
       | in society may get us into completely different directions and
       | the suffocating status-quo may forever be a thing of the past
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | "the sunsetting of the consumer-welfare standard", as he writes,
       | can't come soon enough.
        
       | datalopers wrote:
       | Where's the AI model to watch and summarize this talk into a
       | couple of pages of written content?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jrexilius wrote:
       | He's absolutely right and it is a very bad place to end up,
       | despite the supposed convenience for consumers. There are a
       | number of problems that create a bit of rock-and-hard place.
       | 
       | We (consumers) want to hold vendors accountable for policing
       | "hate speech", kiddie porn, or terrorism, and various other
       | centralized exercises of power that align with personal political
       | whims. We want convenience and constant new features. We want
       | things to work smoothly. We sorta care about security, as long as
       | its not inconvenient. And we don't want to pay up front for any
       | of it. Better still for it to be free with some ads.
       | 
       | Governments are legitimately concerned with terrorism, nation-
       | state influence campaigns, industrial espionage, and law
       | enforcement. They have to solve these problems, with constrained
       | resources, in a technology environment that moves far faster than
       | they can. They will push the regulation tools they have, as hard
       | as they can, to solve these problems, if we let them.
       | 
       | There are almost zero short-term consumer/voter/elected-offical
       | incentives for free, open, secure, interoperable systems. In fact
       | consumer, political, and financial incentives are all aligned,
       | currently, towards centralization of power and walled gardens.
       | And the Silicon Valley model really is eating the world.
       | 
       | This is why open source has become so incredibly important. Open
       | source hardware and networks doubly so.
        
         | dbspin wrote:
         | One minor correction - no one 'wants' ads. People are reluctant
         | / unable to pay for the hundreds of daily services they use,
         | given the death by a thousand cuts nature of subscriptions, and
         | the failure of microtransactions to ever become a reality. So
         | we tolerate ads (to a point). But no one actively wants ads.
         | This isn't a social contract that was agreed to. In fact,
         | enormous numbers of people go out of their way to avoid them,
         | online and off - using ad blockers, arriving late to the
         | cinema, 'pirating' media they already have 'legal' add riddled
         | access to. Completely agree with you in relation to the bad
         | incentives at work, but adverts are not a desires outcome
         | either.
        
           | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
           | I agree with you almost entirely with one tiny caveat. The
           | only time I am receptive to advertisements is when I am
           | actively and intentionally looking for a product, service, or
           | solution. But I share your assessment that the vast majority
           | of the time advertisements and the tracking infrastructure
           | around them are unwelcome.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | That's a terrible time to be receptive to advertisements!
             | The ads are trying to get you to pick their particular
             | product over their competitors, for reasons that have
             | nothing to do with quality or suitability for your needs.
        
           | em3rgent0rdr wrote:
           | I want ads to a certain extent. Particularly when they are
           | informing me of something that I likely want but wasn't aware
           | of and which I wouldn't have stumbled upon without the ad.
        
             | drdeca wrote:
             | I agree, but also ads which are repetitive and which I can
             | clearly communicate why I am not a potential customer, can
             | be quite annoying.
             | 
             | It would be nice, I think, if people who are shown ads
             | could add tags to the adds for the type of product/service
             | the ad is for, or other aspects of the ad (e.g. "this ad is
             | horny"), and indicate classes of ads which they claim they
             | would not be interested in, which, hopefully, advertisers
             | would prefer to show ads for their products to people who
             | would be potentially receptive.
             | 
             | For example, I do not watch horror movies, and I don't
             | think this will ever change. I find video ads for horror
             | movies a little stressful (not like, in a way that is an
             | actual problem for me, just unpleasant), and I think it
             | would be to the advertiser's benefit and my own for their
             | ads to be shown to someone else instead of me.
             | 
             | Similarly with ads for fashion, or at the very least for
             | women's fashion. I can imagine the possibility that there
             | could be _some_ kind of clothing item where I'd be
             | interested in buying due to an ad, though probably not
             | anything advertised using the word "fashion".
             | 
             | If ads are supposed to have the benefit of introducing
             | potential consumers to goods/services that they might be
             | interested in buying, why don't they allow users to provide
             | more information about what they aren't interested in? It
             | seems like it would be beneficial to all parties.
        
               | est31 wrote:
               | > if people who are shown ads could add tags to the adds
               | for the type of product/service the ad is for, or other
               | aspects of the ad (e.g. "this ad is horny"), and indicate
               | classes of ads which they claim they would not be
               | interested in, which, hopefully, advertisers would prefer
               | to show ads for their products to people who would be
               | potentially receptive.
               | 
               | This exists already (at least to some extent):
               | https://support.google.com/My-Ad-Center-
               | Help/answer/12155451...
        
           | emptybits wrote:
           | > One minor correction - no one 'wants' ads.
           | 
           | Yes, in 2022. I have ad fatigue. PTSD, even, from the
           | onslaught and effort to avoid them.
           | 
           | But I recall a time when I _enjoyed_ ads and actually looked
           | forward to them and paid good money for magazines, and to a
           | lesser degree TV, full of ads that somehow seemed informative
           | and civilized and entertaining. Byte Magazine, The Computer
           | Shopper (all ads! yet I paid for it!), Car  & Driver, Popular
           | Mechanics, Bicycling, you name it. I don't think this is
           | nostalgia; I was informed and entertained. Never again, I
           | suppose...
        
           | narrator wrote:
           | When ads are hyper-targeted to niche products offered by
           | small businesses that I am a fan of, they are actually not
           | bad. I like the ads on Facebook, but not as much on other
           | platforms like TV since TV ads are just random pray and spray
           | ads, usually by megacorps for things I'd never buy.
           | 
           | Look at Dollar Shave Club. A tiny little company that was
           | able to get to an insane valuation chipping away at the
           | consumer mega corps because of targeted advertising and some
           | good ads. I've heard that small consumer packaged goods
           | vendors are having a tough time now that Facebook got their
           | tracking shut down. The only people who can effectively
           | market mass market stuff like that now are the megacorps like
           | Unilever and Proctor and Gamble who can do multi-million
           | dollar poorly targeted campaigns.
        
         | svnpenn wrote:
         | did you watch the video? Its about DRM, not really anything
         | your comment is covering.
        
         | TexanFeller wrote:
         | > We (consumers) want to hold vendors accountable for policing
         | "hate speech", kiddie porn, or terrorism
         | 
         | There's still a large minority of us that sincerely don't.
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | I the the way forward on this is to pass a national hate
           | speech law and have it work kinda like the DMCA where
           | platforms and people can submit complaints, and the people
           | taken down can dispute in a public government process that
           | has some accountability to the citizenry.
           | 
           | Build up some case law about what is and isn't so it's
           | applied uniformly and take stronger measures against repeat
           | offenders.
        
             | dhdh2747493 wrote:
        
             | homonculus1 wrote:
             | Expanding the DMCA model to speech in general! Ten years
             | ago I would have been very surprised to see this take on
             | HN.
        
               | Spivak wrote:
               | I think the calculus has changed a bit since then because
               | we either have unaccountable megacorporations doing it or
               | government.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | "I think the calculus has changed a bit since then
               | because we either have unaccountable megacorporations
               | doing it or government. So let's give them even MORE
               | power."
               | 
               | On other, less-enlightened forums, this would earn you a
               | .jpg of a dog cocking its head to the side quizzically.
        
               | Spivak wrote:
               | I was thinking the opposite, if they're gonna ban you for
               | hate speech there has to be a formal complaint, with a
               | reason and citing exactly the content, there is a formal
               | dispute process and the final decision is made by someone
               | not part of the corporation.
        
               | Dracophoenix wrote:
               | Why would you think government would be any less
               | accountable? If anything, government has everything to
               | gain from this.
        
               | TapWaterBandit wrote:
               | Governments all over (including our own) have already
               | gotten caught removing things that are directly relevant
               | to transparency for modern systems. Crazy to think they
               | can be relied upon to exercise these types of powers
               | wisely.
        
               | Spivak wrote:
               | If your argument is that nobody can be trusted then
               | that's fine, but I'm throwing my hat in with government
               | over Facebook or Twitter if I have to choose. Because
               | "everyone just drop it" doesn't seem like it's gonna
               | happen.
        
               | Dracophoenix wrote:
               | "Less unaccountable" is what I meant to write, but my
               | point still stands.
        
             | ok123456 wrote:
             | No thanks.
        
           | FpUser wrote:
           | Count me in
        
           | jakeogh wrote:
           | That's ludicrous grouping the first (free speech) with the
           | other two violent things. Quite a bit of effort goes into
           | blurring these lines. It's not good.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z2uzEM0ugY
           | 
           | Note that assault (which could be words, threats to life for
           | example) is already against the law, it's psychological
           | warfare to make up a new term "speech I don't like" and
           | parade it around (write long wiki articles, mfg consent etc)
           | like it has meaning. It's a term in the same class as
           | "conspiracy theory" and designed by the same class of social
           | engineering experts.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | I wonder how large that minority is, versus how loud it is.
           | I've been to forums that had no moderation. Normal people do
           | not talk that way and do not want to be around people that
           | talk that way. Kiddie porn? FFS, get out of here, we do not
           | want to see that.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | Yes, but that minority is increasingly irrelevant.
           | 
           | The people are now online and the people want this.
        
           | jrexilius wrote:
           | I wish the minority were larger, or large enough to have some
           | market impact. Although it is perhaps growing in recent years
           | to due fairly blatant abuses of power to push agendas.
        
             | javajosh wrote:
             | There is hope to grow that market impact! Imagine a service
             | where the user could explicitly modify the algorithm to
             | encourage different emotions in themselves, including hate
             | if they want it.
             | 
             | Such a service would make plain a simple truth we don't
             | want to acknowledge: screens hold powerful sway over
             | people, and algorithms hold sway over screens. That power
             | (mood manipulation) can be used for good or evil. Maybe if
             | people are given control over their own tools in this way,
             | they can better appreciate the control that is exerted on
             | them by others, and so better resist it.
        
             | criddell wrote:
             | If the site is ad supported, then the majority they care
             | about are the majority of ad buyers and ad buyers
             | definitely want moderation.
        
           | hfbff wrote:
           | Agreed. I don't want either (in general, there might be
           | exception s). I obviously want to hold people (the people
           | that actually have the kiddie porn, that are actually posting
           | the hate speech) accountably for kiddie porn, inciting
           | terrorism and even hate speech, but I don't generally want
           | vendors to be accountable.
        
             | judge2020 wrote:
             | Why is this all-or-nothing for you? Surely, if someone
             | posts CSAM on YouTube, or even Google Photos, they should
             | remain accountable unto themselves to remove content that
             | is both illegal and morally reprehensible? Or should
             | someone's Google Photos be allowed to hold any amount of
             | CSAM to the point where it's a de-facto private hard drive?
        
             | llbeansandrice wrote:
             | Someone has to hold those people accountable though. Either
             | platforms, or a centralized government entity.
             | 
             | That's without getting into the issue of allowing that type
             | of stuff to continue to exist on platforms if the ideal
             | scenario is for Meta/Twitter/etc. To just not police their
             | platforms at all.
        
               | blue039 wrote:
               | > Someone has to hold those people accountable though.
               | Either platforms, or a centralized government entity.
               | 
               | Or we could just say people on the internet are assholes
               | and you need thicker skin. Would you be okay with
               | government ID required to sign up to any website? If so,
               | I can see why you have a vengeance complex.
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | Why should they be held responsible for inciting terrorism?
             | They're not injuring anybody.
        
               | Hackbraten wrote:
               | One could argue that they are indeed injuring people, by
               | stochastic terrorism [1].
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone_wolf_attack#Stoch
               | astic_te...
        
               | brazzy wrote:
               | Because it still ends up with people killed.
               | 
               | Free speech absolutism is poison for actual freedom.
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | I agree. I think it needs a lot more thought than the OP
               | was giving it, though of course that kind of sarcasm
               | reads poorly on the Internet.
        
             | throwup wrote:
             | Throughout history vendors have generally not been
             | responsible for the actions of their users. Nobody blames
             | Sharpie if someone uses their markers to make a giant
             | poster with hate speech. Nobody blames the USPS if someone
             | mails a letter with a death threat. Nobody blames Verizon
             | if somebody makes a phone call to bully their kid. Yet
             | people blame Twitter when someone posts a tweet with hate
             | speech. This is a dangerous direction for the world to be
             | moving in.
        
               | themacguffinman wrote:
               | It's not about who makes the tools, it's about what users
               | want to see. Users don't want to see giant posters of
               | hate speech on Twitter. If they do, they'll _stop using
               | Twitter_. It just so happens that Twitter is the only
               | tool that can make things users see on Twitter.
               | 
               | People still don't blame Sharpie or USPS or Verizon.
               | People have tried to blame WhatsApp, it doesn't stick
               | because WhatsApp is private. The culture hasn't magically
               | changed. Companies like Twitter know that when
               | advertisers and users complain about hate speech, they're
               | not just asking for Twitter to be held "responsible" or
               | whatever that means, they're telling Twitter that they
               | will _leave_.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Users don't see that stuff unless they want to.
               | Advertisers don't care unless their ads appear next to
               | it. And these platforms have pretty much solved this.
               | E.g. Google search results contain the full cesspit of
               | the internet, yet everyone advertises with Google.
               | 
               | The issue came when the news media decided that it was
               | newsworthy that undesirables we're saying undesirable
               | things on social media and blamed the platform as a
               | whole. Now it's a pr issue for advertisers to be on the
               | platform at all whether or not they are adjacent to
               | undesirable content.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | I think the people who get harassed on Twitter, and have
               | to spend a significant amount of their Twitter-using time
               | dealing with that, would disagree with you.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Seems like this is solved by the block button.
        
               | themacguffinman wrote:
               | If I have to block a lot of people I might as well block
               | Twitter.
        
               | teux wrote:
               | > Yet people blame Twitter when someone posts a tweet
               | with hate speech. This is a dangerous direction for the
               | world to be moving in.
               | 
               | Not to diminish the issue, but this is mostly an American
               | problem as far as I see it. I realise these are also
               | American companies, but conflating the entire world to be
               | in danger is a bit disingenuous imo.
               | 
               | MANY European countries (speaking from a Scandinavian
               | perspective) don't suffer from this, and while there's a
               | danger of American policies trickling down, that has been
               | severely diminished in the past decade as there's a
               | movement of all of us (that I've seen) sort of re-
               | evaluating our admiration of the US that was built in the
               | 90's - 00's.
               | 
               | From the outside this isn't a direction the world seems
               | to be moving in. Just more crazy US spiralling.
        
               | nyolfen wrote:
               | https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2022/11/twitter-
               | claims-n...
        
               | brantonb wrote:
               | A counterpoint is that if the companies running these
               | platforms are run by American companies, then their
               | efforts to combat hate speech will be disproportionately
               | focused on English language and American hate speech.
               | This can allow it to flourish elsewhere.
        
               | mrj wrote:
               | Eh I mean, there's been a rise of extremism all across
               | Europe. It's not quite accurate to say it's an
               | exclusively American thing. Hate speech is rising and
               | there's a case to be made that it's because extremists
               | find each other on the internet (Doctorow calls it a
               | "jihadi recruitment tool" in the article).
               | 
               | https://www.usnews.com/news/best-
               | countries/articles/2021-02-...
        
               | blue039 wrote:
               | ...what if the rise in so-called "extremism" is a direct
               | result of government policy leading to poorer outcomes
               | for the average person. If you study history people tend
               | to become tribal not long after life gets hard. If I was
               | a government think tank I'd surely blame the internet
               | long before I blamed my rent seeking laws that
               | inordinately effect the average worker.
        
               | suzzer99 wrote:
               | Unemployment is at all time lows. What exactly is getting
               | harder for people?
               | 
               | I agree that people have more and more sources triggering
               | their fears and prejudices for a buck, which is making
               | them angrier and angrier.
        
               | Gordonjcp wrote:
               | Fuel prices are at an all-time high, and fuel companies
               | are posting record profits. Rent is at an all-time high.
               | Mortgages are getting insane because we have double-digit
               | inflation and insanely high interest rates. Saving are
               | worthless because of double-digit inflation and insanely
               | high interest rates not actually being passed on except
               | where it benefits banks. Food prices are at an all-time
               | high and farms are going to the wall because they're
               | being paid scrap prices for everything they sell.
               | 
               | Unemployment is at an all-time low? That's great, but
               | people are working their backsides off and cannot afford
               | to eat or heat their homes.
               | 
               | In the UK we have had twelve years of the right-wing
               | extremist Conservative government and their "economic
               | austerity" to "right the ship". What this has meant in
               | practical terms is that wages have not risen in twelve
               | years, taxes have gone up and up and up, and public
               | spending has gone down and down and down. We had the
               | woefully inept Kwasi Kwarteng who blew PS60 billion off
               | the UK's economy by raising taxes on the poorest and
               | cutting them for the richest, collapsing most people's
               | private pension pots. We went from roughly 40,000 people
               | in the UK using food banks in 2010 when the Tories took
               | power to 2.5 million people using food banks in 2022 -
               | and these are not just "poor people" who the tabloid
               | trash papers sneer at "well somehow they can afford
               | mobile phones and TVs, why can't they afford food" - no,
               | there are people on PS30-PS40k per year, who simply
               | cannot afford to feed their families because they have to
               | choose whether they keep the lights on, buy food, or pay
               | their mortgage.
               | 
               | The political right have over the past 20 years done
               | incalculable damage to the world.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | > What exactly is getting harder for people?
               | 
               | Having a job that doesn't pay enough to afford to pay
               | rent & utilities, buy food, pay off college loans. I
               | could go on. Just saying unemployment is low doesn't
               | capture the nature of the working poor. Barbara
               | Ehrenreich's book _Nickel and Dimed_ covers this well.
               | People who work in software and make six figures tend not
               | to be squeezed to afford the basics, except perhaps if
               | they have to live in one of the highest COL cities in the
               | US, but there are millions in the developed world that
               | hold 2-3 jobs and still barely afford living.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > there's been a rise of extremism all across Europe
               | 
               | There's certainly a rise in talking about stuff being
               | "extremist", but how much of this is genuine?
               | 
               | The incentives (more outrage, more views, more clicks,
               | more ads) don't exactly encourage honest reporting or
               | even discussion on this.
        
               | teux wrote:
               | Definitely. Might have been unclear but I was trying to
               | speak specifically about the "blame the platform not the
               | people" mentality I was responding to.
               | 
               | Fully in agreement extremism is on the rise and the
               | internet aids this.
        
               | slowmovintarget wrote:
               | IIRC wasn't social media used to destabilize several
               | countries in Southeast Asia and Africa?
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/technology/myanmar-
               | facebo...
               | 
               | https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/25/business/ethiopia-
               | violence-fa...
               | 
               | That was Facebook, not Twitter, but this is not just a
               | problem for America.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Regulating Twitter is little different than regulating
               | say billboards:
               | https://www.cga.ct.gov/2006/rpt/2006-R-0553.htm
               | 
               | Public airwaves (TV, radio) have have fines for breaking
               | various rules even when it's a member of the public
               | speaking live. Thus the classic tape delay and bleeps on
               | all life content.
               | 
               | Further back Newspapers, advertising, and letters to the
               | editor etc where limited for so long that it was a
               | constitutional issue in 1776.
               | 
               | So having platforms is hardly a new thing. We have been
               | debating such freedoms for so long it's part of various
               | countries cultural identity.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | pasquinelli wrote:
               | twitter is a broadcaster, and it isn't new that
               | broadcasters are responsible for what they broadcast.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | A lot of these analogies are...bad. Does Sharpie know
               | everything you write with one of their pens and store
               | detailed metrics on the popularity of all your previous
               | scribbles? Is Verizon operating a 1-1 calling service, or
               | a global audio broadcasting platform? People absolutely
               | do blame telcos for their failure to filter spam calls
               | effectively.
        
               | ip26 wrote:
               | People blame magazines if they print adverts with hate
               | speech. This isn't new to twitter.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | Magazines have full editorial control, though. Think of
               | it like a fully-moderated platform. Nothing gets through
               | without positive approval of the magazine editors. With a
               | platform like Twitter, it's default-allow, and people
               | have to see (and block/report) much of the bad content to
               | get rid of it.
        
               | ip26 wrote:
               | Yeah, but as soon as there is a take down mechanism,
               | anything on the site is implicitly endorsed, even if only
               | weakly.
               | 
               |  _"You'll take down CSAM but not spam /incitement to
               | violence/revenge porn!?"_
               | 
               | Further, user reporting as your only form of detection
               | doesn't scale well or protect your reputation.
        
               | blue039 wrote:
               | This is the reason there is a fight right now.
               | 
               | You are correct if we treat social media companies as
               | content curators. If we treat them as speech platforms
               | you are wrong.
               | 
               | Regardless of your belief a "speech platform" (email,
               | etc) can and honestly should allow these things in the
               | spirit of actual free speech. If it is a content curator,
               | then yes, one can infer that by curating so-called hate
               | speech they are indirectly promoting it.
               | 
               | This difference is lost on people. Personally, with the
               | amount of censorship and ads I am fine treating social
               | media companies as curators and treating them
               | appropriately. There are billions currently flowing into
               | congress to stop this. Primarily from those social media
               | companies that want to censor but still be called a
               | "speech platform".
               | 
               | People often conflate their feelings with law. There is
               | no law stopping you from going into a park with a
               | megaphone and spewing what some people may consider hate
               | speech. Consider even how vague the term "hate speech"
               | even is. If I "believe" in two biological genders this,
               | according to some, is the same as denying the holocaust.
               | To some, criticizing the effect asylum seekers from
               | certain countries has had on my country is consider not
               | only racism but "hate speech". We have to be extremely
               | careful what we consider "hate speech". Because the
               | current definition of "hate speech", "disinformation",
               | "misinformation", etc all center around one idea: "things
               | I don't like should be banned, and things I do like
               | should be promoted". This is party-neutral. Both sides of
               | the coin want the other side to be considered hate speech
               | mongers.
        
               | simion314 wrote:
               | >Yet people blame Twitter when someone posts a tweet with
               | hate speech. This is a dangerous direction for the world
               | to be moving in.
               | 
               | I don't think Twitter gives a shit on what people think,
               | but if advertisers complain then Twitter/YouTube will
               | make sure to be very careful with what is allowed. I am
               | not convinced by the arguments this advertisers have
               | about not appearing on some "legal but bad" content" but
               | is their money so they have the right to ask on what kind
               | of content the stuff should appear.
        
               | adra wrote:
               | Just plain wrong. Twitter is a broadcast distribution
               | platform, like newspapers, radio, and tv before them. You
               | sure as hell blame the companies who broadcast content on
               | their pulpits.
               | 
               | You're welcome to hold that opinion for closed 1-1
               | messaging platforms that don't have amplification
               | features, but it's just plain wrong to assume that any
               | platform that can amplify ones voice into the unwilling
               | or ignorant and somehow be immune to this level of
               | scrutiny. It's a farce and will certainly never end well
               | for those that try.
        
               | ajmurmann wrote:
               | It's interesting that we usually look at the
               | amplification problem with a very different eye than the
               | "censorship" problem. They are really two sides of the
               | same coin. Maybe we'd need less moderation if the
               | platform wouldn't boost controversy? Not thought through
               | at all. Just a thought I had while reading the
               | discussion.
               | 
               | Edit: I also think no discussion of censorship/moderation
               | is meaningful without addressing the cannon of falsehood
               | and stochastic terrorism. Those are massive, very real
               | problems that must be addressed.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | > _Yet people blame Twitter when someone posts a tweet
               | with hate speech._
               | 
               | Probably because Twitter has already demonstrated an
               | ability and desire to curate what people see in their
               | feeds (all in the name of increasing engagement and
               | pleasing their advertisers). So, naturally, people see
               | this, and tell Twitter that if they're going to interfere
               | to the degree they already are, then they must also help
               | ensure the safety of their users, and deal with bad
               | actors directly. In a way, this is Twitter's own fault.
               | 
               | No one expects that Sharpie even has the _ability_ to
               | police the use of their markers, let alone the desire or
               | resources to do so. Most people don 't want the USPS
               | reading their mail (and it's a federal crime to do so!).
               | I think the Verizon example is where we're starting to
               | get in a grey area, with telcos getting pushed to
               | implement tools and protocols so people can verify calls
               | are legitimate. That's more about the spam/scam problems
               | with the phone system, not about stopping bullies, but
               | it's a bit closer to that. A further issue is that most
               | people hate phone calls, but love posting stuff online,
               | so naturally they're going to focus on the thing they
               | actually willingly spend their time doing.
               | 
               | I think a further issue is that most people can't really
               | opt out of USPS or the phone system, realistically. But
               | if Twitter passes some threshold of toxicity for them,
               | they'll just stop using it. Twitter (the company) doesn't
               | want that, obviously, so it's in their interest police
               | their platform.
        
               | kashunstva wrote:
               | One of the key differences, though, is that there is no
               | biased amplification algorithm sitting on top of the
               | Sharpie-generated hate speech posters. If vendors don't
               | want to be in the business of policing content then they
               | should stop differentially amplifying content. You can't
               | manipulate the visibility of content and then claim no
               | responsibility over what end-users see.
        
               | spullara wrote:
               | Depending on the location of the poster the host of that
               | poster would be amplifying the hate speech. For instance,
               | let's say it was on a billboard on a busy highway. Are
               | they now responsible for it if they don't take it down
               | quickly?
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | What if every time you used a sharpie and poster board to
               | write hate speech, it was automatically uploaded to the
               | internet and shared with anyone who followed the Sanford
               | company?
        
               | suzzer99 wrote:
               | Yes, this is key.
               | 
               | Also if you run a platform that ends up being used to say
               | live-stream mass murders, it seems pretty reasonable that
               | you would want to ban that. Ultimately companies are run
               | by people. No one wants to work for a company that
               | becomes a platform for that kind of horror.
        
               | jb3689 wrote:
               | People blame airports for letting people board with
               | bombs, we blame pharmaceutical companies when someone
               | switches the bottles with poison, we blame gun
               | manufacturers for public shootings
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | The precedent was set when gun manufacturers started
               | getting sued for the actions of their customers. It was
               | all well and good _then_. Few bothered to express any
               | concerns about where that kind of thinking would
               | inevitably lead. Anyone who did was accused of being
               | antisocial or worse.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | I personally don't think gun manufacturers should be held
               | responsible for gun deaths, unless they are specifically
               | marketing their guns to people who will use them to
               | commit crimes. (And for the record, I am also super pro-
               | gun-control, and would not be sad in the least if the
               | second amendment were repealed, and states were allowed
               | to make whatever gun regulation they wanted.)
               | 
               | But I think the real reason gun manufacturers are getting
               | targeted is because the people who have been victims of
               | gun violence see no other recourse. Gun control in the US
               | is mostly laughable, and it's politically difficult (if
               | not impossible) to fix these sorts of problems. So the
               | next natural step is to probe the system to see if there
               | are any creative ways to change things. Targeting gun
               | manufacturers with lawsuits is one of those
               | possibilities.
        
               | pasquinelli wrote:
               | so is your point that suing gun manufacturers was a
               | slippery slope to people being mad at twitter, because if
               | so that's the lamest slippery slope i've ever heard of.
        
               | blue039 wrote:
               | > Anyone who did was accused of being antisocial or
               | worse.
               | 
               | To be clear they were not accused to of being anti-
               | social. People who don't want gun manufacturers sued for
               | what is done with their guns were called child killers,
               | "sandy hook hoaxers", etc. The Bloomberg (yes, it was
               | Bloomberg) money machine paired with the noise machine
               | that is Mom's Demand Action has absolutely dominated the
               | narrative around this.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Yes, a not-so-vocal minority. People outside our echo chamber
           | don't even know we care about this stuff.
        
           | a1369209993 wrote:
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | It's not the source that's the problem; we're drowning in open
         | source.
         | 
         | It's that power has shifted to centralized clouds and nobody
         | has stepped up to make self-hosting as turnkey as open source
         | is.
         | 
         | We need an open source movement and ethos for DIY cloud
         | hosting, if not shared resource fabrics.
        
         | none8 wrote:
        
         | eternalban wrote:
         | This is fundamentally a political issue and any organized
         | effort to counter the establishment's chosen path can and
         | likely will meet with a political/legal response. The issue is
         | central enough.
         | 
         | I was musing to a friend the other day (in context of AI
         | actually, not general access to computing) that Marx apparently
         | missed a fork in the road in his linear idea of 'historic
         | necessity' regarding the deterministic nature of social system
         | transitions. Since technology, now cognitive technology, is
         | such a huge amplifier of wealth, it now seems the Capitalist
         | class can chart a way in the future that decouples from labor
         | and assumes control over advanced technology. This path of the
         | fork in the road will not end in a workers paradise ..
        
           | tetris11 wrote:
           | Here's a fun website that follows that train of thought to
           | its natural conclusion:
           | 
           | https://exterminism.com/
        
             | eternalban wrote:
             | What seems naturally conclusive can be held to be
             | reflective of one's own predispositions unless it is
             | accompanied by a compelling train of thought.
             | 
             | So all we need now are the missing tracks of this train
             | (and all the charming must-see stops along the way).
        
         | serverholic wrote:
         | The end goal should be open-source everything. Imagine a world
         | where, for example, the schematics for farming tools are open-
         | source and anyone can improve them and download them.
         | Everything becomes a global collaborative effort.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | > We (consumers) want to hold vendors accountable for policing
         | "hate speech", kiddie porn, or terrorism, and various other
         | centralized exercises of power that align with personal
         | political whims.
         | 
         | Autres temps, autres moeurs. We live in a culture today where
         | if you are not active in the fight against X, then you condone
         | X, ipso facto. Back in the day, companies could legitimately
         | claim that they were in the business of delivering a product,
         | and others had the responsibility of policing against social
         | ills. In today's era of corporate responsibility and ESG, that
         | is no longer the case. Open source will be affected too, as
         | open source cannot be sustained in a vacuum; it needs
         | institutions, foundations, and corporate backers, all of which
         | will be pressured to comply with "ethical source" guidelines.
        
         | Xelynega wrote:
         | I think you're putting the cart before the horse with the
         | consumer-vendor relationship.
         | 
         | Consumers don't want vendors to police content, vendors want to
         | be a hub of content and policing content is the only way they
         | can appease the diverse group of people they want to continue
         | to grow. Consumers are perfectly happy to self-police content,
         | the problem is that the models that allow for that make it a
         | lot harder to discover content.
         | 
         | With your comment of incentives I think youre placing the blame
         | wrong again. The reason there's no incentives to create free,
         | open, secure, interoperable systems is becausese capitalism
         | places importance on prior ownership. There's a lot more money
         | in being the standard that everyone has to pay a royalty to in
         | the future than there is in giving out the standard for free
         | and just being a user of it(see: meta and the metaverse).
        
       | user3939382 wrote:
       | GCP is like (at least in the US) our right to free speech or
       | privacy. It's amazing but people either don't want it, don't
       | care, or in any case aren't willing to fight for it, while on the
       | other side, world-dominating govts/megacorps benefit from it
       | disappearing - so it will.
       | 
       | Ultimately I've accepted that if the People aren't willing to
       | fight for these things, they don't deserve them.
        
         | hindsightbias wrote:
         | Generations of kids being raised under surveillance from
         | incubator thru high school don't have fashionable thoughts on
         | privacy - who could have known?
         | 
         | What percentage of HN parents have tracking on their kids
         | phone?
         | 
         | All of them.
        
           | raegis wrote:
           | > What percentage of HN parents have tracking on their kids
           | phone? > > All of them.
           | 
           | All phones have "tracking" in that they're on a cellular
           | network, so they can be tracked by a cell phone company. My
           | son's phone was stolen at his school recently, but we had no
           | way to recover it. What tracking software do people use on
           | their kids phone? Perhaps I can use it to recover the phone
           | if the next one gets stolen. Apparently since I'm the only
           | parent here who doesn't have tracking for his kids, I want to
           | make your claim true.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | People don't understand what they are losing, and it's easy to
         | look the other way when everything seems fine from your current
         | perspective.
        
         | amalcon wrote:
         | The idea that free speech is disappearing in the US is patently
         | absurd. Check out the Sedition Act of 1918 if you'd like to be
         | informed on the progress we've made. The speech clause of the
         | first amendment is stronger than it was for about 75% of the
         | existence of our country. There's been a somewhat weird trend
         | lately of the free speech of corporations being prioritized
         | over that of individuals, but people care deeply about that on
         | both the left (opposition to the Citizens United ruling) and
         | the right (opposition to content-aware acceptable use
         | policies). Take a slightly longer view and it seems
         | insignificant, next to literal prosecutions for handing out
         | pamphlets opposing the draft.
         | 
         | Same with general purpose computing: it's more accessible than
         | at any time in history. Most people who use only a computing-
         | based appliance like a smartphone today, simply _would not have
         | had a computer_ twenty years ago. Meanwhile I can buy a new
         | Raspberry Pi 4 (definitely a general purpose computer) for less
         | than 25 hours ' minimum wage -- try doing that in 2002. The
         | problem is not availability, or that someone is trying to quash
         | it. The problem is that most people just are not interested.
         | Those who are interested have at least as much access as they
         | ever have.
        
           | smitty1e wrote:
           | > The idea that free speech is disappearing in the US is
           | patently absurd.
           | 
           | Lorie Smith's case[1] seems to argue otherwise. If the law
           | can be used to compel speech, then the slippery slope to
           | tryanny is well-greased.
           | 
           | [1] https://restorationnewsmedia.com/articles/local-
           | news/both-si...
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | From 2015, I believe. This could be a good point to assess Cory
       | Doctorow's assertions.
        
         | Synaesthesia wrote:
         | I think we're continuing to march down that road in various
         | ways, if you look at smartphones, iPads, even arguably MacBooks
         | now, (I know enthusiasts have hacked their own Linux onto M1
         | but still ... Not open)
         | 
         | Hardware is still totally not open, period. Try buying a PC
         | with an open source BIOS or CPU, you can't!
        
           | Retr0id wrote:
           | Linux on M1 wasn't a hack, apple allowed it to happen. There
           | is certainly a lack of hardware docs (which is unfortunate),
           | but apple did nothing to prevent users from being able to
           | execute their own kernels, which I'm happy to see.
        
             | runjake wrote:
             | In fact, Apple helped it along, somewhat.
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/marcan42/status/1554395176025849856
        
             | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
             | Get back to me when they upstream their drivers.
        
           | est31 wrote:
           | > Try buying a PC with an open source BIOS or CPU, you can't!
           | 
           | https://support.system76.com/articles/open-firmware-systems/
           | 
           | The "open firmware" marketing term is a bit of a misnomer
           | here as there is probably plenty of closed source firmware in
           | those devices in various components, but at least the BIOS is
           | open source.
        
         | stingraycharles wrote:
         | 2011 even, I found this talk from him on YouTube from then:
         | https://youtu.be/HUEvRyemKSg
        
       | mjh2539 wrote:
       | Unless someone waves their magic wand and makes it to where
       | manufacturing microprocessors requires nothing but sand and
       | electricity, things will go whichever way those with capital want
       | them to go.
        
       | tannhaeuser wrote:
       | (2015)
        
         | dang wrote:
         | I wish I'd seen this before spending 5 minutes tracking that
         | down. Added above now. Thanks!
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-12-04 23:00 UTC)