[HN Gopher] The U.S. military is poisoning Okinawa
___________________________________________________________________
The U.S. military is poisoning Okinawa
Author : VagueMag
Score : 234 points
Date : 2022-12-04 09:46 UTC (13 hours ago)
(HTM) web link (www.militarypoisons.org)
(TXT) w3m dump (www.militarypoisons.org)
| voxadam wrote:
| Isn't the U.S. military also poisoning the citizens of Puerto
| Rico?
| aperson_hello wrote:
| It's basically poisoning anywhere where it has presence (see
| camp lejeune lawsuits for a recently litigated example)
| capableweb wrote:
| Don't you mean the citizens of the United States? They might be
| residents of Puerto Rico, but according to law they are
| citizens of the US.
|
| > All persons born in Puerto Rico on or after April 11, 1899,
| and prior to January 13, 1941, subject to the jurisdiction of
| the United States, residing on January 13, 1941, in Puerto Rico
| or other territory over which the United States exercises
| rights of sovereignty and not citizens of the United States
| under any other Act, are declared to be citizens of the United
| States as of January 13, 1941. All persons born in Puerto Rico
| on or after January 13, 1941, and subject to the jurisdiction
| of the United States, are citizens of the United States at
| birth.
|
| https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim...
|
| Edit: Sorry, I realized now that "citizen" has two meanings,
| one of legal status and one meaning just "residing in". I'm
| assuming you meant the latter while I only knew of the first
| one before.
| voxadam wrote:
| I'm sorry, I should have phrased my comment more carefully. I
| never meant to insinuate that Puerto Ricans aren't United
| States citizens. I was only pointing out that the U.S.
| military has been poisoning Puerto Ricans by way of
| unregulated hazardous waste burns and the widespread use of
| depleted uranium during wargames for decades, generations.
| defrost wrote:
| . . . and the residents near Pearl Harbour, Hawaii thanks to
| the Navy's massive fuel tank facility sunk into the mountains
| there.
|
| On the up side it is finally being closed, on the down side
| it's been leaking for decades.
| ThePhysicist wrote:
| Okinawa is roughly 100 km long and 10 km wide with a surface area
| of 1.200 km2, so not sure I'd call it "tiny".
| newsclues wrote:
| Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake is 651,739 acres. Military
| land use is large.
| metaphor wrote:
| To reference China Lake's land use as if it were anything
| remotely close to the median military installation is
| outright absurd and disingenuous at best.
| newsclues wrote:
| Fort Bragg is 163,000 acres.
|
| Military bases and ranges are big.
| metaphor wrote:
| ...which is atypically large even for the Army because of
| the sheer number of tenants it now supports after 2005
| BRAC consolidation, including Pope AFB, and yet still
| relatively small land-wise compared to China Lake
| supporting ~10% the personnel.
|
| I'm not denying that military bases aren't large---
| although I'd be willing to argue that the land is used
| quite inefficiently---but trying to pass the Navy's
| single largest weapons test range, or the Army's
| consolidation of 3 bases into 1 as somehow representative
| of the median is absurd.
| ryanackley wrote:
| It's also a big problem in communities surrounding domestic USA
| bases. I live in a community with an Air Force base. They tested
| the groundwater after a cluster of cancer cases appeared in
| graduates of the local high school. The PFAS levels were off the
| charts
| api wrote:
| Part of why the US now fully acknowledges Area 51 (more or
| less) is lawsuits by former workers over cancers and other
| conditions caused by exposure to toxic materials.
|
| https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/area-51-secre...
| [deleted]
| the-printer wrote:
| I've been hearing a lot of those "If you or a loved one have
| been affected..." style of commercials lately talking about
| Camp Lejeune some decades ago.
| ben_w wrote:
| Likewise, but spam email. Am currently getting even more spam
| about Camp Lejeune than even the "you've been awarded $10
| million" messages.
| dtech wrote:
| What do military bases do specifically causing this
| contamination?
| nonameiguess wrote:
| No idea specifically with PFAS, but in general, military
| installations are used for military training, which has many
| of the same pollution properties of an actual war. Spent
| rounds, links, casings for missiles, rockets, tank rounds,
| exploded C4, spilled fuel and lubricants. A great deal of
| effort goes into cleaning up after exercises, but you're
| never going to get it all. This is at least part of the
| reason training areas tend to be fairly isolated and remote
| and ideally nowhere near the water source for a human
| population. But also why the military has a pretty consistent
| history of settlement awards for raising cancer rates in at
| least the families of the personnel themselves who have no
| choice but to live there.
| [deleted]
| sgtnoodle wrote:
| I believe they routinely dump large quantities of PFAS based
| chemicals onto runways for whatever reason, then let it run
| down storm drains.
| gpcr1949 wrote:
| I was wondering the same thing. I found this in a guardian
| article
|
| > The military's firefighters use aqueous film-forming foam,
| or AFFF, which contains extremely high levels of PFAS, in
| training exercises and emergencies. Though AFFF is effective,
| it has led to widespread contamination around bases and
| airports, and Congress just mandated the military check for
| PFAS pollution at 700 facilities while earmarking $571m for
| cleanup, though observers say the cost will likely be much
| higher.
|
| https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jun/06/military-
| bas...
| stephen_g wrote:
| They would do firefighting training using foams that
| contained carcinogenic PFAS compounds. PFAS are extremely
| persistent, both in the environment and in the body. Apart
| from the risk from direct contact with the foams, it also
| would accumulate in the ground and then leech into
| groundwater, rivers, streams, oceans etc. so gets into local
| water and food supply. These foams were a problem in civilian
| airports too but not to the same extent as military.
|
| Also in a lot of ways the military just seems to have safety
| standards a few decades behind everyone else. Various fuels,
| solvents and lubricants they use for aircraft etc. also
| contain carcinogenic compounds, and they just seem to have a
| history of never disposing of them properly (an example is
| the burn pits in Afghanistan where they would just dig big
| holes and burn toxic solvents along with plastic waste etc.
| in the air, causing huge health problems and many deaths for
| a lot of veterans).
| nszceta wrote:
| They didn't just burn plastic waste and solvents in the
| burn pits; they burned everything: even hundreds of brand
| new iPads and other electronics.
| treypitt wrote:
| source?
| driverdan wrote:
| Search for "military burn pits" and you'll learn a lot
| about them. Wikipedia is also a good place to start:
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn_pit
| nszceta wrote:
| People I talked to that did the burning
| pvaldes wrote:
| Isn't ironic that we can clone, copy and made a cheaper
| replacement of any real product in the planet in a couple
| of weeks, except those who really would benefit of that
| treatment?
|
| Why is not the government making a lower quality, cheaper
| foam to use in those training seasons that does not cause
| cancer? That would save a lot of money.
|
| Or just buying their training foam from Amazon...
| dspillett wrote:
| _> military just seems to have safety standards a few
| decades behind everyone else_
|
| I suspect they have the same standards as most industry.
| They just have a ton of exceptions and other get-out
| clauses in the form of national safety arguements.
|
| These arguements will fall off steadily as new
| materials/techniques become commonplace, it becomes shown
| that the risks don't justify the supposed national safety
| benefits, or (in the case of bases on foreign soil)
| relevant treatises come into effect, so safety procedures
| will be seen to "catch up".
|
| Though sometimes on top of "national security" reasons
| there is also the "who will know until far too late if
| ever" thinking to contend with...
| krick wrote:
| If you don't give a shit about some "standards" it
| doesn't really make sense that you "have these
| standards".
| TEP_Kim_Il_Sung wrote:
| As a veteran, I can confirm they have the same or
| standards as industry, or better. However, they also
| waive a lot of those standards.
| tremon wrote:
| So the problem is lack of enforcement, rather than lack
| of standards? What good does having a standard do if it's
| not consistently applied?
| meindnoch wrote:
| Firefighting foams
| mirekrusin wrote:
| What's wrong with water?
| jabl wrote:
| Same reason you're not supposed to extinguish an oil fire
| in your frying pan by splashing water on it.
| Brian_K_White wrote:
| it doesn't foam
| Eleison23 wrote:
| kennend3 wrote:
| I though this was "common knowledge" but here goes.
|
| There are different class fire extinguishers depending on
| what is on fire.
|
| https://vanguard-fire.com/what-are-the-5-different-
| classes-o...
|
| You cant use water on any sort of "gas" fire because the
| gas (airplane fuel, etc) will simply float on top of the
| water and remain on fire. Throwing water on it can
| actually help it spread as well.
| mirekrusin wrote:
| In recent fire truck vs airplane crash on the airport
| they used water and it seem to worked well.
|
| We're talking about open air fire treated with
| carcinogenic foam in large quantities where 1m+ large
| flakes land in somebody's private garden.
| ben_w wrote:
| Water alone:
|
| https://youtu.be/3ZKBBtwNaRI
|
| Water with foaming agent:
|
| https://youtu.be/WVOmm4Fw6hc
| runjake wrote:
| Fuels and other petroleum fluids, which military bases use _a
| lot_ of. Munitions, munition byproducts, biowaste, various
| other fluids such as carcinogenic firefighter fluids,
| aircraft engines, tank engines, we would run internal
| combustion engines (generators, HVAC, misc) like there was no
| tomorrow because fuel was effectively free. Those are just
| the stuff I can think of off the top of my head, but I keep
| coming up with more so I'll stop writing now.
|
| Don't ever live on or near a decommissioned military base.
| simongr3dal wrote:
| The article mentions that "health activists" have been denied
| access to the bases, I don't think it's too much to imagine
| that Japanese authorities could also be facing significant
| bureaucratic hurdles to gain access and actually determine
| the source of pollution.
|
| They give an example of both military and civilian
| firefighters doing training that involve using a lot of fire-
| suppressing foam. These foams contain carcinogenic compounds
| that can be washed into the groundwater by rain.
|
| In Denmark we have recently had just that happen to people
| living near firefighter training grounds [link]
|
| link (machine translated since I couldn't find anything in
| english): https://www-dr-
| dk.translate.goog/nyheder/indland/store-maeng...
| ArnoVW wrote:
| I would hope that the Standard Operating Practise is adapted
| to local conditions, and that this sort of thing would not
| happen next to urban areas, but a good example of the typical
| mindset:
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKNfFm0QDXQ
|
| Btw, this is from a Youtube channel of an Emergency medic.
| It's sort of Doctor House, but with real cases. He makes his
| videos to attract attention to certain things, so that people
| don't end up in the emergency ward. Highly recommend.
| devoutsalsa wrote:
| I used to live on Treasure Island, a former naval base in San
| Francisco. It turns out my former house contained radioactive
| from atomic weapons testing in the Pacific. That explains my
| third arm.
|
| https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/navy-finds-
| radiation-i...
| basch wrote:
| https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/mar/25/us-
| mil...
|
| David Bond has a series of articles about things like this.
| morbidious wrote:
| And moreover why does America have to poke its nose into
| other countries and establish military bases there?
| akomtu wrote:
| It goes all the way back to WW2. Japan was playing for the
| wrong team and that team lost. Since then Japan is
| effectively a vassal of the US.
| morbidious wrote:
| But don't Americans have any shame for wiping out so many
| innocent lives in the nuclear bombings, yet still have
| the audacity to make Japan their vassal state?
| bamboozled wrote:
| Do you think only "USA" bases have problems?
|
| Like why would only US air force bases have this problem? Do
| other countries use eco-friendly / biodegradable materials on
| their bases?
|
| Edit: This is not to say I think it's "OK" that this is
| happening, I feel the USA should strive to be way better than
| this, I just doubt this happens on American bases only.
|
| Edit 2: Little bit surprised and disappointed about the down
| votes, I'm not trying to discount this is an American base, but
| if the issue is these use of toxic chemicals used in things
| likefirefighting exercises, it's happening everywhere in the
| world and should be stopped?
| [deleted]
| throwaway78987 wrote:
| Don't be surprised by the downvotes. There seems to be a
| little bit of the "USA BAD" vibe here right now ~ especially
| in terms of the military. The US does seem to emphasize
| training and preparedness over simply having equipment which
| could lead to higher relative levels of contamination when
| compared to other militaries. I'm not sure if that is the
| case, but I recall the training differences being considered
| a factor when evaluating operational challenges (for example
| Saddam's iraqi troops vs Cold War Soviets in the same
| equipment and situation ~ the Soviets would be expected to
| present a significantly harder challenge just by virtue of
| better training ~ at least in theory)
| bamboozled wrote:
| I guess if what you're saying is true, they can replace the
| foam with water or similar for the majority of training.
| pmontra wrote:
| It might be a common problem to all air forces around the
| world but how many other countries have so many air bases
| around the world? I guess that no Japanese ever complained
| about the environmental impact of an Italian or French air
| force base in Okinawa.
| kzrdude wrote:
| How did the community respond? And did the base start cleaning
| up its operations?
| nomilk wrote:
| For anyone else who didn't have a clue what PFAS were, an
| Australian Department of Defence website gives a nice 101:
| https://defence.gov.au/Environment/pfas/pfas.asp
|
| Key points:
|
| > PFAS stands for per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances
|
| > Legacy firefighting foams containing perfluorooctane sulfonate
| (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as active ingredients
| were once used extensively worldwide and within Australia,
| including at Defence bases, due to their effectiveness in
| fighting liquid fuel fires.
|
| > In 2004 Defence commenced phasing out its use of legacy
| firefighting foam containing PFOS and PFOA as active ingredients
| and transitioned to a more environmentally safe product.
|
| > The release of PFAS into the environment has become a concern,
| because we've learned these chemicals can persist in humans,
| animals and the environment.
| hornet301 wrote:
| It's happening not only Okinawa but anywhere around the U.S.
| military bases in Japan.
|
| https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20221124/k10013899691000.ht...
| dontbenebby wrote:
| I heard a rumor the true source of the weirdness around Area 51
| was if they admitted folks had been there, they'd be admitting
| they'd been exposed to certain chemicals rather than the
| weirdness around UFOs.
|
| (There are other places to test aircraft that Alex Jones won't
| wander into with a video camera.)
| Tepix wrote:
| I'm wondering if they are also poisoning the area around the
| German bases.
| lizardactivist wrote:
| The article states that the US even denies it and interfers when
| the local government wants to investigate.
|
| Absolutely despicable, well on form for the US.
| tasuki wrote:
| The "snowflake"... how did it get there?
| pirate787 wrote:
| This is a PFAS issue more than a military issue. The people who
| manufactured PFAS and the regulators who approved the use of PFAS
| need to be held to account.
| Tepix wrote:
| Not really. The dangers of PFAS have been known for quite a
| while. Most have stopped using it long ago.
| LinuxBender wrote:
| I thought that too. There is a video by John Oliver talking
| about PFAS and the other hundred or so variants of these
| compounds. [1] There are other videos talking about how
| companies can still use these compounds because the EPA only
| outlawed about 3 of the 130 or so.
|
| [1] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9W74aeuqsiU [video]
| mlindner wrote:
| > Most have stopped using it long ago.
|
| This isn't really true.
| bamboozled wrote:
| This is strange logic, if you know something is bad, but you
| approve it's use anyway, you're in the wrong.
| mlindner wrote:
| PFAS is not a single chemical. It's an entire family of
| chemicals and eliminating them destroys a lot of modern society
| as they're used for literally everything. There's basically no
| way they're all getting banned. Some of the worst are getting
| banned, but that's it.
| Eleison23 wrote:
| mensetmanusman wrote:
| PFAS have been used for almost a century, just long enough to
| figure out which ones need to be more regulated. Is certainly a
| trade off because they have superior safety properties in terms
| of fire mitigation.
| alkonaut wrote:
| Every air field in the world that had fire drills in the last 50
| years have PFAS in the surrounding environment.
|
| It's extremely hard to clean out, although not impossible. Using
| certain plants to collect the PFAS from water, then harvesting
| and incinerating them has been shown to work.
|
| I'm assuming there is no current use of PFAS in these bases now.
| The economic responsibility for cleanup and compensation is of
| course with the US.
| blahblah1234567 wrote:
| Unfortunately, Incinerating sounds like a way to release PFAS
| or some sort of breakdown of them into other (perhaps similar
| or worse) chemicals, into the air. At which point, they will
| float and disperse and likely fall back onto/into the land or
| water.
|
| I imagine they're a colloid in water. And so perhaps they
| precipitate out of air (vapor?) and into land/water.
| curiousgal wrote:
| It's interesting looking at the contrast between the comments on
| this thread and the one about Iran abolishing morality police.
|
| Other thread : "yeaaah it's an empty gesture"
|
| This thread: "yeaaah we know"
| notlukesky wrote:
| The Okinawans vote against military bases are ignored:
|
| https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Okinawan_referendum
| pirate787 wrote:
| Your post is dishonest the vote was against a specific landfill
| project.
| Kukumber wrote:
| dishonest?
|
| the US does know how to split communities, they weren't
| stupid when they chose Okinawa
|
| i'm pretty sure in the future Okinawa will be the Taiwan of
| Japan
|
| i'd bet all my savings
|
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyuan_people
|
| https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/abe-ignores-
| cont...
| resoluteteeth wrote:
| > the US does know how to split communities, they weren't
| stupid when they chose Okinawa
|
| > i'm pretty sure in the future Okinawa will be the Taiwan
| of Japan
|
| > i'd bet all my savings
|
| Let me get this straight. You think that the US occupied
| Okinawa until 1972 and then returned it to Japan, only to
| then decide to play 12 dimensional chess by intentionally
| antagonizing okinawans and making them hate the us by all
| the problems they've caused with their military presence,
| so that Okinawa will some day split from japan and... do
| what?
|
| Because they sure as hell aren't going to want to have
| anything to do with the US. Maybe they'll become a vassal
| state of China again like under the Ryukyu kingdom? I'm not
| sure that outcome would show that the US wasn't stupid.
| boomboomsubban wrote:
| That vote was about a specific project, there was an earlier
| more general one that is also discussed in the linked
| article. Or see
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Okinawan_referendum
| ahelwer wrote:
| A specific landfill project to... what?
|
| > The referendum asked whether voters approved or opposed the
| landfill work at Henoko Bay for the construction of a new
| United States Marine Corps base.
|
| Can you explain how this is dishonest?
| 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
| I spent 4 years stationed at Camp Hansen, Okinawa and I'm not
| sure that represents the majority of Okinawans. Anecdotally,
| the rare protest was extremely tiny, like less than 20 people,
| and I've never had a negative interaction. I often yearn to
| return because the place was so lovely and friendly.
| resoluteteeth wrote:
| > I spent 4 years stationed at Camp Hansen, Okinawa and I'm
| not sure that represents the majority of Okinawans.
| Anecdotally, the rare protest was extremely tiny, like less
| than 20 people, and I've never had a negative interaction. I
| often yearn to return because the place was so lovely and
| friendly.
|
| Huh? You're concluding that the vote was not representative
| because you didn't see a lot of protestors and Okinawans are
| friendly?
| dontbenebby wrote:
| >I spent 4 years stationed at Camp Hansen, Okinawa and I'm
| not sure that represents the majority of Okinawans.
|
| Were you allowed to leave the base or did you overlap with
| the period they raped too many people and were not allowed to
| leave after certain hours?
|
| (I had someone think they could fight me and I'd have no
| recourse because I was a bald American when I visited, then
| rapidly make friends when I said hey, I don't like those
| jerks either, this isn't Saudi Arabia, let them sit in a
| Japanese prison for two weeks then be put on trial if they
| abuse the locals.)
|
| Maybe you should listen when people repeatedly state a
| boundary.
|
| (And I'm not saying you, personally, are a rapist... just
| that a small number of people are, combined with coworkers
| who excuse that behavior by refusing to deal with the pattern
| of behavior paired with refusing to honor the wishes of the
| democracy hosting their base.)
| subradios wrote:
| That was a response of the commands in Okinawa, not an ask
| from the Japanese government.
|
| Much of the activism against Okinawa gets overruled at the
| national level by a Japanese government that wants the
| United States presence, and this is problematic,because
| Okinawa is much, much poorer than the rest of the country.
| dontbenebby wrote:
| >That was a response of the commands in Okinawa, not an
| ask from the Japanese government. Much of the activism
| against Okinawa gets overruled at the national level by a
| Japanese government that wants the United States presence
|
| Why does this small set of people _want_ them there? I
| thought much of this was leftover from WWII -- but for
| whatever reason the Germans atoned and were given
| autonomy and the Japanese kept being weird about their
| war crimes and thus had some kind of constitutional
| obligation to only maintain a "self defense force"?
|
| That's not the same as "wanting" an ally around the way
| folks up in Ontario might not mind if the PA national
| guard is willing to help out if the Russians start
| fucking around.
|
| >Okinawa is much, much poorer than the rest of the
| country.
|
| Maybe because they suffer discrimination in employment on
| the main island?
|
| (That's what I was told happens, by multiple highly
| educated people who frankly had more skill than me in
| their respective fields compared to myself at their age.)
| tasuki wrote:
| > I'm not sure that represents the majority of Okinawans.
|
| Are you suggesting that the poll was rigged?
|
| According to Wikipedia, 434k opposed, 115k supported, and
| 548k eligible voters haven't participated. Unless the poll
| was rigged, it's _technically possible_ but highly unlikely
| that the majority of Okinawans actually supported building
| the US base at Henoko.
| dontbenebby wrote:
| I've been to Okinawa, they have legitimate complaints about a
| variety of behaviors emanating from the base.
|
| Sadly, those complaints are often selectively boosted when it
| benefits others, rather than out of sincere concern for fellow
| man.
|
| (Sorry I walked into your booth and bummed a cigarette, if you
| can read this. That was rude.)
|
| PS: The site was failing to load, so I am including a Wayback
| link in case anyone else encounters a similar issue:
|
| https://web.archive.org/web/20221202225620/https://www.milit...
| [deleted]
| nonrandomstring wrote:
| What I find most disturbing is not the mistakes we make as
| humans, but the mental gymnastics we use to avoid actually
| dealing with problems.
|
| An article posted yesterday on the "Impotence of cleverness" (by
| Alexander Stern: I was very impressed by it) got me thinking
| about the curse intelligence really is. Many smart people I know
| are masters of self-deception, rationalisation, avoidance,
| whataboutism, oh-dearism...
|
| For each shameful act and horror we have quick clever answers, by
| appeal to "reasons"; process, policy, necessity, authority,
| security, tradition... and we use those to construct a tolerance
| of misbehaviour. We feel prouder of that tolerance, - a shield
| against hopelessness - and our ability to explain-away problems,
| than of our willingness to challenge them. If only people could
| apply this intellectual force to radical scepticism and
| freethinking needed to break out of destructive cycles.
| peoplefromibiza wrote:
| same here in Italy, especially in Sardinia
| dontbenebby wrote:
| Which base is near Sardinia?
|
| (I believe you, I just want to read more.)
| JZM8yKnRvGv wrote:
| La Maddalena.
| dontbenebby wrote:
| Thanks, I'll look into it, but my member of Congress is
| useless, so forgive me if I don't send them an email based
| on what I find :-)
|
| Edit: I only found the island so far -- looks like they
| didn't renew the lease? That's on stripes, not Wikipedia,
| which only has an entry for the local area and says:
|
| >In 1943, during World War II, Benito Mussolini was briefly
| held prisoner here.
|
| What a wonderful piece of history, you're so blessed to
| live in a place that did such wonderful things -- sorry the
| US military may have literally shit it up. (For lack of
| better phrasing.)
|
| [1] https://www.stripes.com/news/la-maddalena-says-goodbye-
| to-ba...
| DoreenMichele wrote:
| _Medical science has not figured out a way to rid these chemicals
| from our bodies... They can install municipal and private water
| filters. They can stop using nonstick pans and they can rid their
| homes of consumer items that contain the chemicals._
|
| From: https://www.epa.gov/pfas/meaningful-and-achievable-steps-
| you...
|
| _If possible, consider using an alternate water source for
| drinking, preparing food, cooking, brushing teeth, preparing baby
| formula, and any other activity when your family might swallow
| water. Consider installing an in-home water treatment (e.g.,
| filters) that are certified to lower the levels of PFAS in your
| water._
|
| We've poisoned our entire planet. These things are everywhere,
| which is in no way intended to minimize or dismiss the complaints
| of people in Okinawa. But there is no one who shouldn't be
| wondering how to reduce their exposure to these persistent
| chemicals known to negatively impact health and which current
| medical science doesn't know how to get out of us once they get
| into us.
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(page generated 2022-12-04 23:02 UTC)