[HN Gopher] Booz Allen ticketmastered America's public lands
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       Booz Allen ticketmastered America's public lands
        
       Author : tonystubblebine
       Score  : 220 points
       Date   : 2022-12-02 17:53 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (doctorow.medium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (doctorow.medium.com)
        
       | black_13 wrote:
        
       | PaybackTony wrote:
       | I attended the NASPD conference this last year (National
       | Association of State Parks Directors). After a couple of us ex
       | Vacasa / Nike / Amazon engineers heard from our local state that
       | the industry is up for disruption we started working on product
       | in our free time. After attending that conference they couldn't
       | be more right.
       | 
       | Those running the parks hate their options, I don't see them as a
       | crook here. The industry for park management software that fits
       | the needs of a public land is stale. Fees for fees is normal. The
       | process to become a vendor for a state is long and drawn out, and
       | is riddled with red tape that was created in large part by the
       | very same stale old vendors who've been in it the last 30 years.
       | 
       | After speaking with multiple states and now being in the proposal
       | process for a number of them, hopefully we can be a step further
       | in the right direction (think things like opening up 3rd party
       | integrations, better bot prevention, etc).
       | 
       | Another thing I'd like to pass on from talking to a number of
       | states including the national parks people: They are really
       | trying to move in a more equitable direction when it comes to
       | park access. They are very aware that many park experiences
       | aren't as accessible (hard to get a reservation) to certain
       | demographics and from my perspective they are making an effort to
       | figure some of those things out.
        
         | no_wizard wrote:
         | Do you think part of that accessibility plan is more paved
         | parkways too? My wife has a disability that makes walking on
         | gravel substantially harder than paved road.
         | 
         | Selfishly I'd enjoy parks more if the had paved access roads,
         | parking and parkways. One of the things I like about where I'm
         | living right now is the Recreation district in the city made it
         | a mission to pave parkways and everyone's better off for it.
        
           | StillBored wrote:
           | I'm sorry about your wife, but I'm going to say that I (and
           | quite a number of other people) are against paving public
           | lands reserved for nature parks. I'm perfectly happy to
           | support her using off road (powered even) bikes, wheelchairs
           | and any other personal mobility technology that is invented
           | or used.
           | 
           | But, parks are suppose to be nature, its widely accepted that
           | what the national parks did in the early 1900's was a huge
           | mistake, paving and placing lodges next to old faithful, the
           | paved path in carsbad caverns (along with the cafeteria), the
           | roads through glacier and nearly all of the other parks. The
           | town in the middle of Yosimite valley. This was done to
           | encourage people to "see the sights" and the results have
           | been a disaster, not only to nature, but to the traffic and
           | general destruction of the "sights to be seen". And IMHO
           | paved paths are just another name for a vehicular road.
           | 
           | So the modern take on nature parks (vs recreational parks
           | like you find in town, which have trails, baseball fields and
           | swimming pools), is that the correct way to build them is to
           | keep the cars on the borders, and build trails to the sights.
           | Ideally single track, and most definitely permeable surface.
           | Although, armoring, and other more natural construction
           | methods tend to be fine as well. Most of the parks
           | constructed since the 1970's (the few that exist) tend to
           | follow this model. Visitors center near the road, along with
           | the RV camping, improved camping sites, etc and the nature is
           | accessed via natural surface trails on foot, bike or horse.
        
       | phnofive wrote:
       | This seems to be a signal boost for Matt's article from a few
       | days back, discussed here:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33789501
       | 
       | See also the explanation for the fees:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33794493
       | 
       | Essentially, BAH charges the US Federal Gov agencies nothing,
       | with the assurance that the creation and upkeep of these portals
       | will be funded by various fees that can be added at BAH
       | discretion, so long as they hold a pro forma public feedback
       | discussion.
        
       | prescriptivist wrote:
       | My experience with recreation.gov reservations has been as soon
       | as registration is available for the coming season people will
       | reserve every weekend speculatively and just eat the reservation
       | or cancellation cost if they decide not to go. It really sucks as
       | you have to basically play the game yourself even if you are
       | opposed to it.
        
         | LorenPechtel wrote:
         | Yeah, the article is objecting to a fee for applying for the
         | lotteries, but without them there would be so many speculative
         | entries in the system that things wouldn't work.
         | 
         | I'd prefer a system in which you get a certain number of tokens
         | that you can use to bid on various things. Speculative entries
         | would lower your chances of actually getting what you want and
         | thus be discouraged.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | Yes, this is what is happening. I drive through campground and
         | talk to the hosts and they say that they frequently have empty
         | spots because people just did not cancel.
        
       | alchemyromcom wrote:
       | "Ticketmastered" is one heck of a verb! It honestly strikes fear
       | into my heart to think what else might soon be "ticketmastered"
       | in the future. Hopefully it at least affords opportunity to
       | create a counter-resistance that champions "anti-tickemastering"
       | legislation.
        
       | Dazzler5648 wrote:
       | When an article like this so confidently (and incorrectly)
       | declares that a scenic attraction is inside a National Park when
       | it is not, I lose all faith and stop reading. If you don't know
       | what type of government control The Wave is under, I don't
       | believe I should be believing you.
        
       | madrox wrote:
       | I wonder if there's space for a kind of "open source government
       | contract bidder" where a coalition of open source volunteers
       | could bid on government contracts that are about serving the
       | public good. If they were about doing it at cost, they could
       | undercut these people every time.
       | 
       | Recreation.gov feels like the kind of thing a bunch of engineers
       | would've loved to build and run in their spare time if given the
       | chance as long as server costs got paid for.
        
         | atonse wrote:
         | I don't think this has anything to do with open source. Booz
         | Allen could've still charged all these fees, developed
         | everything out in the open, MIT licensed it, and that wouldn't
         | have changed anything about the fee structure.
         | 
         | In fact, from my understanding, recreation.gov is built on top
         | of tons of open source software (they use docker on Kubernetes,
         | react, etc).
         | 
         | Also "coalition of open source volunteers" sounds absolutely
         | scary to me, government or not. Is there anything anywhere that
         | runs this way? At some point, SOMEONE has to be accountable and
         | pay the bills and receive the money.
        
           | Brian_K_White wrote:
           | It's only partly about the source, and mostly the fact that
           | hosting and operating a web site is something developers and
           | other IT people can do and don't mind doing.
           | 
           | "Is there anything anywhere that runs this way?"
           | 
           | Co-ops exist at all levels all over the place, and even
           | outperform traditional commercial organizations so, yes.
        
             | jon-wood wrote:
             | A co-op is quite a different thing to a loose knit group of
             | volunteers. I'd love to see co-ops picking up this sort of
             | contract, but I do think it's important people get paid for
             | that work, and the contract is assigned to a specific
             | organisation, otherwise you will eventually end up with a
             | bunch of burnt out people keeping national infrastructure
             | running for free.
        
               | Brian_K_White wrote:
               | I didn't see any such proposal that explicitly described
               | a lack of organization. I assumed the actual
               | implimemtation details were simply handwaved in a casual
               | high level comment. Of course there would have to be some
               | sort of structure.
        
       | snake42 wrote:
       | I literally just applied for the April 2023 lottery that this
       | piece is talking about, after failing to win last month. While
       | applying I consoled myself with the thought that all of my $9
       | entry fees will go to the park service. It really feels bad to
       | find out that is not the case. I can't believe that there isn't
       | even a split between the Park and Booz Allen on the fee...
        
       | killjoywashere wrote:
       | A few more details:
       | 
       | Gotta love Biz Journals, they do good work even if 99.9% of it
       | seems like it doesn't apply to me:
       | https://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/news/2018/04/11/nic-m...
       | 
       | That points us to this: https://www.egov.com/what-we-do/outdoor/
       | 
       | Broken link to original press release, maybe on archive.org?
       | https://tylertech.irpass.com/Tyler-Technologies-Completes-Ac...
       | 
       | "Tyler Technologies was founded by Joseph F. McKinney in 1966 as
       | Saturn Industries after buying three government companies from
       | Ling-Temco-Vought."
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_Technologies
       | 
       | "This was a target procurement for us," says Booz Allen's Chief
       | Innovation Officer Susan Penfield. "It represented the shift from
       | Booz Allen's management consulting heritage to the delivery of
       | modern, large-scale digital platforms."
       | https://www.fastcompany.com/90666188/innovating-in-the-great...
       | 
       | BAH also provides Advana, the Hadoop / Spark platform that was
       | initially developed to support the Pentagon's audit and is now
       | the centerpiece of the Chief Digital and AI Office, so Ms.
       | Penfield's quote above does seem consistent.
       | 
       | And the general trend of trying to make better use of ways to
       | work with the government is a general trend of their
       | modernization efforts, e.g.: *
       | https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/323337... *
       | https://aaf.dau.edu/aaf/contracting-cone/
        
       | Lammy wrote:
       | This sort of thing will apply to the entire planet some day if
       | the ownership class have their way:
       | 
       | https://www.independent.co.uk/space/bezos-space-colonies-ear...
       | (https://archive.ph/z5DZm)
       | 
       | > Jeff Bezos says that people will one day be born in space
       | colonies and will take tourist trips to Earth "the way you visit
       | Yellowstone National Park".
        
       | StillBored wrote:
       | This is the new normal, since the 1980's or so when "tax cuts"
       | the politicians can brag about, then require back door "tax
       | increases" through fee harvesting, and public/private
       | partnerships (another word which in practice is just corruption)
       | took over.
       | 
       | Maybe instead of fee harvesting those that can afford it, we
       | actually make "public" lands public instead of trying to keep out
       | the riffraff via fees they can't afford. The federal Gov is more
       | than capable of hiring a couple engineers and creating a
       | reservations website that doesn't require paying $$ everytime you
       | want to get a back country permit, which were free (and first
       | come first served) for the first 100 years of a parks existence.
       | 
       | The insanity is, that at least here in TX, its frequently less
       | expensive and just as nice to find one of the many ranches that
       | have recreation structures setup and go there rather than the
       | state parks. The price is about the same, with the bonus of
       | actually paying the owners instead of some corporation shaving
       | off their slice of the pie of what my parents and grandparents
       | already paid for.
        
       | johnea wrote:
       | It would really be best to stop using these medium.com links.
       | 
       | Doctorow does maintain his own domain where everything is posted:
       | 
       | https://pluralistic.net/2022/11/30/military-industrial-park-...
       | 
       | I like his stuff, and subscribe to the RSS feed, but on this
       | particular topic, I felt like the comparison to ticketmaster was
       | contrived.
       | 
       | Ticketmaster is a foul corp monopoly, but what Boos did was
       | effectively privatize a public asset.
       | 
       | Which to me seems like a different sort of crime.
        
       | tony_cannistra wrote:
       | Recreation.gov truly was a massive step in the right direction at
       | the time of its release, but the total lack of oversight of Booz
       | Allen Hamilton's revenue plan just cast such a pallor over the
       | whole thing.
       | 
       | I'm supportive of an experienced team of developers working on
       | this problem, and I don't even care if it's BAH who's paying
       | them. Especially since Reserve America (the predecessor) was so
       | hilaribad.
       | 
       | It's just truly deplorable that someone in the contracting
       | process for the Feds heard "no cost to the government to build
       | this" and didn't think "ok, cost to whom?"
       | 
       | More context in this 2018 article:
       | https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-gear/tools/camping-res...
        
         | js2 wrote:
         | Also found this 2017 interview with the project manager.
         | 
         | https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector...
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | That's almost exactly the same business model that red light
         | camera companies use, as well as a lot of NPO fundraising
         | agencies.
        
           | gowld wrote:
        
       | robcohen wrote:
       | I really want to know who was ultimately responsible for the
       | green light on the governments behalf. I don't mean the head of
       | the agency. I mean the person or committee who was responsible
       | for putting out the requirements and choosing the bid.
        
         | madrox wrote:
         | I would have thought this kind of deal would have been struck
         | at some point when people still thought of the internet as
         | "novel" or a "fad" and therefore didn't scrutinize the
         | situation too closely but no, this deal began in 2017.
        
           | rjbwork wrote:
           | That's about exactly when I would have thought a massive
           | privatization of public goods would have happened...
        
         | mysterydip wrote:
         | > The deal started in 2017, when Booz got the contract to build
         | Recreation.gov "at no cost to the federal government."
         | 
         | My experience has been that's as far as some committees
         | consider the matter.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | In a similar deal, I want to know who in the government gave a
         | private company (Clear) the right to expedite the travel of
         | people who pay the private company.
         | 
         | Especially when the government already setup a massive security
         | agency called DHS/TSA and already had global entry/pre check
         | programs in place.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear_Secure
        
           | joshuaheard wrote:
           | This is a trending premium business model. Pay to avoid
           | government regulation or for better services. It's the same
           | with toll freeways here in Southern California. Even
           | Disneyland now, you can pay to avoid the ride lines.
        
             | notinfuriated wrote:
             | It's incredible because the business model also implies
             | they will always sell an inferior product alongside the
             | upgraded premium one. It's like running a restaurant where
             | I sell grilled "cheese" for $5 and you pay me an extra $5
             | to use actual cheese instead of dogshit.
             | 
             | Re: Disneyland allowing you to pay to avoid lines, I
             | remember visiting Universal Studios (Orlando) after
             | Hurricane Charley in 2004. The lines were non-existent, but
             | the fun part wasn't skipping the lines so much as the
             | feeling of having the whole park to yourself. If they could
             | find a way to offer that experience, I'd pay for it. I
             | suspect VR might be one of the only ways to do it (and
             | perhaps a rollercoaster in VR is just as good as the real
             | experience, I don't know myself as I haven't messed around
             | with VR). I'd feel like an asshole paying to skip lines
             | that actual, real human beings were waiting in, but I don't
             | doubt that plenty of people would have zero qualms about
             | this.
        
               | sidfthec wrote:
               | > The lines were non-existent, but the fun part wasn't
               | skipping the lines so much as the feeling of having the
               | whole park to yourself. If they could find a way to offer
               | that experience, I'd pay for it.
               | 
               | You can. Companies regularly rent out entire amusement
               | parks for a day for company events. Tech companies have
               | been doing it in the Bay Area at Great America for a long
               | time: https://www.cagreatamerica.com/groups/corporate-
               | events/park-...
               | 
               | Of course, I'm sure it costs an amount much higher than
               | you're willing to pay.
        
         | tony_cannistra wrote:
         | Rick DeLappe, the program manager for the Recreation.gov
         | project.
         | 
         | Source: https://federalnewsnetwork.com/technology-
         | main/2017/02/amid-...
        
       | boredumb wrote:
       | They should have simply contracted it out for 843 million dollars
       | and made everyone in the US pay for with federal taxes instead of
       | charging 6$ to people actually using it.
       | 
       | Sarcasm aside there is probably at least some overhead that the
       | money is going towards. Also amusing to read about public/private
       | partnerships when currently one of the biggest social/political
       | buzzwords to imply absolute evil is fascism.
        
         | haswell wrote:
         | > _Sarcasm aside there is probably at least some overhead that
         | the money is going towards._
         | 
         | And so what if there is? I can promise it's not close to $9 of
         | overhead, and if it is, that indicates a whole other level of
         | problems to be rightly upset about.
        
       | FollowingTheDao wrote:
       | I am staying in a National Forest as I speak. I had to pay the $8
       | fee to reserve my spot for two nights. Yeah, it does not matter
       | how long you are staying so staying one night DOUBLES my costs.
       | 
       | It used to be you would show up and just drop a check in the box
       | and there was no fee involved. I hate what the internet did/
       | Because what also happens is that people reserve thee spots
       | online and do not show up and do not cancel making the parks more
       | crowded than they really are.
        
       | jdblair wrote:
       | Unpopular opinion: if you don't charge a fee to enter the permit
       | lottery, people will stuff the lottery using bots. It is a shame
       | the fee doesn't go to the park service, though.
        
         | skeeter2020 wrote:
         | I see two problems though: the bullshit fees going to a private
         | getkeeper on government lands and demand that outpaces supply.
         | Your concern only addresses the second.
         | 
         | I'd rather the park service charged 10x directly and made
         | disposable income the gatekeeper, vs the current situation.
        
         | devilbunny wrote:
         | So charge a very high lottery fee that is refunded if you don't
         | get a permit OR if you actually use the permit. If you don't
         | cancel within X days - maybe a week - before your permit day,
         | you lose the fee.
        
       | SoftTalker wrote:
       | They aren't called Beltway Bandits for nothing.
        
       | SideQuark wrote:
       | Any company could bid on the contracts to make these sites, and
       | more importantly, maintain them and provide services.
       | 
       | Most Silicon/tech companies don't do these contracts because they
       | are not as profitable and simply doing usual tech work.
       | 
       | So while BAZ makes money on fees, it's most likely not because
       | they're evil wizards - it's more likely because not many others
       | capable of running such a project for the required length of time
       | bid on it.
       | 
       | So, if you really think these things are somehow such a theft of
       | money, go compete, do it vastly cheaper, hire your friends and
       | other do-gooders, and see how it goes.
       | 
       | But in the end, you might find that articles like this simply
       | promote outrage and not actual understanding of the how and why
       | of projects like it.
        
         | notinfuriated wrote:
         | > So, if you really think these things are somehow such a theft
         | of money, go compete, do it vastly cheaper, hire your friends
         | and other do-gooders, and see how it goes.
         | 
         | Do you sincerely believe this is how it works? Just make your
         | own software consultancy team and lobby the government to build
         | their new campsite reservation system?
        
           | SideQuark wrote:
           | I've been doing small level contracts just like this for 20
           | years for a small business.
           | 
           | What in your experience tells you it's not possible? Do you
           | read solicitations? Make proposals for govt projects?
        
         | gwt4life wrote:
         | No, it is actually the cozy relationships that wins Booz the
         | contracts. You can't compete because you do not have the right
         | relationships.
        
           | SideQuark wrote:
           | I work on these projects, almost all won with no cozy
           | relationships, simply by bidding on them.
           | 
           | So yeah, it's possible.
        
         | PaybackTony wrote:
         | Completely disagree here. See my comment in the main thread of
         | this post. A startup could net anywhere from 200k/yr for a
         | state park contract to 15m+/yr depending on the state. However,
         | realistic cap on revenue with a healthy market share for just
         | the park management / reservation management side is 55-75m
         | annually.
         | 
         | We are actually competing but it's important to understand that
         | companies like Booz Allen have fought (successfully much of the
         | time) to have a number of qualifiers put in these RFP's that
         | would prevent any start-up from being accepted. Things like
         | "You need X years in this specific market for your proposal to
         | be accepted". Obviously the only ones who can possibly have
         | that are the existing vendors which virtually eliminates the
         | possibility of fresh competition. We've successfully got a few
         | states to change their requirements however, which is the first
         | time that's been done in a quite some time.
        
           | SideQuark wrote:
           | The company I work for does exactly small and mid sized govt
           | contracts, the vast majority won on bids with no shady input
           | from us. There's tons of companies like us.
        
       | rojobuffalo wrote:
       | I've been using recreation.gov for years and had no idea. I
       | assumed the money went directly to trail maintenance, fences,
       | restrooms, hiring rangers, etc..
        
         | rojobuffalo wrote:
         | This fee structure creates a malignant incentive to bring more
         | public land into the reservation system. Having to deal with
         | reservations sucks and should only be a requirement when
         | absolutely necessary. Most of the places I've been that
         | required a reservation were mostly vacant.
        
           | killjoywashere wrote:
           | I went to Yosemite about a month ago, which requires
           | reservations, and it's crazy packed.
        
       | hcurtiss wrote:
       | Man, I may be in the minority here, but I find recreation.gov to
       | be one of the very few _excellent_ government websites. We use it
       | every summer for whitewater rafting and camping reservations. You
       | can disagree with how permits /reservations are offered (e.g.,
       | lottery, first-come, etc.), but none of those decisions are made
       | by BAH. They were given a task and, unlike so many government
       | contractors, did it very well and relatively rapidly. The fee
       | structure can be changed, but whatever the magic was, I wish it
       | were repeated throughout government at every level.
       | 
       | I think the biggest issue with recreation.gov is that so very
       | many people are desperate to use public lands. Population levels
       | in the western US have exploded in the last twenty years and
       | we've developed almost _no_ additional recreation opportunities.
       | For so long as that 's true, the scarcity and price problems are
       | only going to increase. But at least we have a well-functioning
       | website with which to tackle the problem.
        
         | cheriot wrote:
         | Turn it into an API and we'll have better ones. There's no
         | justification for the ridiculous fees they're charging. Pure
         | regulatory capture.
        
         | nappy-doo wrote:
        
           | hcurtiss wrote:
           | I work for a lumber company in the PNW.
        
         | carom wrote:
         | Agree here. I LOVE recreation.gov, it is so great. I just
         | booked a site for August next year.
         | 
         | That isn't too say the fees shouldn't be better directed to
         | public agencies. Still though, absolutely amazing site, great
         | app, I'm happy to pay a little fee to BAH for it.
        
         | zmj wrote:
         | Yep. I use recreation.gov for entry permits into Rocky Mountain
         | National Park every week in the summer, and I've never had a
         | technical issue with it.
        
         | LarsDu88 wrote:
        
         | StillBored wrote:
         | It was even better when you just picked up the free permit on
         | the way into the park. Its not like your saving any time,
         | because that site is basically just a reservation system, you
         | should still (and usually have to) stop at the ranger station
         | and get the actual permit, check-in and sign various things,
         | and hear various lectures and assure that the area is safe/etc
         | due to weather/etc.
         | 
         | Plus, I'm not even sure it is helping with the reservation
         | problem, as more than once i've found myself in a camping/etc
         | area that is 100% booked and 50% empty.
        
           | colingoodman wrote:
           | The fully booked with empty campsites thing drives me crazy;
           | I see it quite often as well. Finding dispersed camping areas
           | seems to be the way to go.
        
           | annoyingnoob wrote:
           | The 50% empty problem is due to being required to reserve
           | months in advance. I cannot tell you how a given date will be
           | impacted 6 months into my future, I can plan but shit
           | happens.
        
           | hcurtiss wrote:
           | I strongly disagree. Prior to reservation systems, it was not
           | uncommon to drive out to Glacier, say, only to find every
           | camp site filled. Now you can be assured that you will have a
           | site prior to taking the week off and hauling your family
           | hours from home. Likewise, several popular western rivers
           | became absolutely crushed with traffic. One year I floated 30
           | miles before I found a site (which was more than two regular
           | days on that river). They needed a way to lottery or offer
           | permits, and recreation.gov has performed better than what
           | they used previously (though they're often gone within
           | seconds of opening availability -- which converts first-come
           | to a sort of lottery).
           | 
           | I think the solution to the empty camp sites problem is a
           | stiff penalty for failing to release the site to others prior
           | the reserved date. For instance, last year on the John Day
           | they said if you didn't put in on the designated day, you'd
           | lose your ability to pull a John Day permit the following
           | year.
        
             | briffle wrote:
             | Ahh yes, the "I really want the fourth of july, but I can
             | only book X months in advance. So I'll book a week early,
             | and book the 27th of June through the 4th of july weekend.
             | Then i'll wait months, and then pay the $7 fee to change my
             | reservation, and drop the first week from my reservation."
             | 
             | Its very sad how common this is, and makes it very
             | difficult to find spots out west in popular areas.
        
       | mherdeg wrote:
       | Huh. When did Red Rock Canyon add permits? I seem to remember
       | just driving there.
       | 
       | edit: Ah, here it is, October 2020, $15/car plus $2 reservation
       | fee: https://www.mountainproject.com/forum/topic/119660918/red-
       | ro...
       | 
       | The recreation.gov entry ( https://www.recreation.gov/timed-
       | entry/10075177 ) includes a 4 star review:
       | 
       | "The reservation system is idiotic and predatory! What's the
       | point of having it if there are open time slots all throughout
       | the day? If I've paid for the interagency pass why doesn't it
       | cover the "reservation fee"? And despite there being reservations
       | parking was still full in all major areas. If the system doesn't
       | reduce crowds then it's must only be there to nickel and dime us.
       | Public lands should be accessible for the public to use,
       | especially local residents. Yosemite National Park and Arches
       | have now removed their reservation systems and they receive
       | millions of more annual visitors and are much more remote and
       | wild. This is a shameless cash grab and must be abolished. "
       | 
       | What would have gotten them to 1 star?!!?
        
         | jtbayly wrote:
         | If the rock was actually green, maybe.
        
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