[HN Gopher] Sperm counts worldwide are plummeting faster than we...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Sperm counts worldwide are plummeting faster than we thought
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 509 points
       Date   : 2022-12-01 14:45 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nationalgeographic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nationalgeographic.com)
        
       | newaccount2021 wrote:
        
       | fabianhjr wrote:
       | Well, interesting to know Children of Men (2006) is a non-
       | measure-zero possibility.
        
         | cainxinth wrote:
         | I grew up thinking we were headed for a _Star Trek_ -like
         | future. But it's looking more like its gonna be _Fury Road_ by
         | way of _Children of Men._
        
       | euroderf wrote:
       | Interested in a career as a handmaid? Get in on the ground floor!
        
       | kennickv wrote:
       | Not mine...
        
       | Dig1t wrote:
       | There is an excellent book on this topic called "Countdown". I
       | highly recommend it.
       | 
       | The author goes into detail about the causes (mostly phthalates,
       | chemicals added to flexible plastics), presents good science to
       | back it up, and overall is just very thorough. I found it
       | compelling and well written.
       | 
       | Another interesting tidbit presented in the book: the increase in
       | the number of trans people is very likely also correlated with
       | the decrease in sperm counts (due to phthalate exposure). She
       | approaches this subject gingerly, making sure to state that there
       | is nothing wrong with being trans; I thought it was well
       | presented and thoughtful.
       | 
       | Link to book: https://www.amazon.com/Count-Down-Threatening-
       | Reproductive-D...
        
         | Karawebnetwork wrote:
         | > the increase in the number of trans people is very likely
         | also correlated with the decrease in sperm counts (due to
         | phthalate exposure)
         | 
         | There are no studies showing a clear link between trans
         | identities and phthlate. Correlation is not causation. It's
         | dangerous to push the idea that minorities are caused by
         | chemicals. It is pure speculation to suggest that it could
         | affect the way a person behaves and responds to societal
         | pressures and norms.
        
           | Dig1t wrote:
           | _sigh_
           | 
           | Okay, so there is a decent amount of scientific evidence
           | suggesting there could be a link. I mentioned in my comment
           | that she treats the subject very gingerly, rightly so,
           | because people will respond the way you are likely to
           | respond.
           | 
           | However, saying that it is dangerous is a very good way to
           | shut down the conversation completely, or demonize those
           | trying to gather an honest understanding of reality. Consider
           | the case that there really is a link. Is it better to wall
           | off the conversation completely instead of investigating? Is
           | it possible to discuss the topic at all? ever?
           | 
           | I mean, read the book, it is backed by real science it is not
           | political at all, not some alt-right hateful thing.
        
           | mrlatinos wrote:
           | Feels pretty anti-science to be outraged by discussion of
           | current evidence. No one is pushing an idea.
        
       | theandrewbailey wrote:
       | _Every sperm is sacred,_
       | 
       |  _Every sperm is great._
       | 
       |  _If a sperm is wasted,_
       | 
       |  _God gets quite irate._
        
         | starkd wrote:
         | I knew someone would throw in a Monty Python reference
         | eventually. Just had to wait for it.
        
       | kennickv wrote:
       | This is bad
        
       | myshpa wrote:
       | Male Fertility and Diet https://nutritionfacts.org/video/male-
       | fertility-and-diet/
       | 
       | The Role of Diet in Declining Sperm Counts
       | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/the-role-of-diet-in-declini...
       | 
       | Dairy Estrogen and Male Fertility
       | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/dairy-estrogen-and-male-fer...
       | 
       | Chicken Consumption & the Feminization of Male Genitalia
       | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/chicken-consumption-and-the...
       | 
       | Xenoestrogens and Sperm Counts
       | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/xenoestrogens-sperm-counts/
       | 
       | Foods That Affect Testosterone Levels
       | https://nutritionfacts.org/2017/05/16/foods-that-affect-test...
       | 
       | Dietary Pollutants May Affect Testosterone Levels
       | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/dietary-pollutants-may-affe...
       | 
       | Best Foods to Improve Sexual Function
       | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/best-foods-to-improve-sexua...
        
       | badrabbit wrote:
       | Does this just mean population growth will slow down? Isn't that
       | a good thing if so?
        
         | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
         | It already has a long time ago. Most of the world's population
         | is going to contract hard in the next 15 years. Looks at China.
         | They have far too many old people relative to young. It's
         | getting worse. Few people to pay for the elderly let alone care
         | for them.
        
           | themusicgod1 wrote:
           | > They have far too many old people relative to young. It's
           | getting worse.
           | 
           | This is not a "it's getting worse" thing...this is
           | unambiguously a good thing. China has too many people in it,
           | and the earth cannot sustain 8 billion people
        
       | houtanb wrote:
       | Several years ago, I switched to products that are EWG verified
       | [1], meaning a product's ingredients are safe for humans. Some of
       | the EWG verified products are quite expensive, so it took a while
       | to find a brand that was affordable and safe to use. I've
       | switched everything to that brand (shampoo, conditioner, soap,
       | dishwasher and laundry detergent, cleaners, ...).
       | 
       | They even have a search engine that allows you to search for
       | products [2] or ingredients. If don't know what's in your
       | products, I encourage you to start here to find out more about
       | the ingredients.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ewgverified/
       | 
       | [2] https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/
        
         | rubicon33 wrote:
         | I am not being sarcastic or facetious when I ask - Do you feel
         | noticeably better? Better than placebo (understanding of course
         | that such a question is a misnomer, but please address the
         | spirit of the question).
        
         | exhilaration wrote:
         | _I 've switched everything to that brand_ -- could you share
         | that brand? It would save us a lot of research.
        
           | theNJR wrote:
           | Yes, please
        
       | snshn wrote:
       | I have 0 kids. One is 0, the other one is 0.
        
       | heywherelogingo wrote:
       | You don't need sperm if you can't afford housing.
        
       | Dig1t wrote:
       | I have been very interested in this topic for the last year.
       | 
       | A huge problem here is the lack of understanding of which
       | products have phthalates in them. Most manufacturers don't list
       | whether their products contain them, you have to really scour the
       | internet to find products specifically listed as not containing
       | them.
       | 
       | I don't know much about chemistry, but a real need here is the
       | ability to test products for these chemicals. If there were an
       | at-home test for their presence or a website or service that
       | could test household items, we could take better control of this
       | situation. As it currently stands we're left sitting here
       | Googling individual products and nobody is really sure what
       | chemicals are present in their home.
        
         | berjin wrote:
         | It's tough because marketing like 'BPA free' doesn't actually
         | mean the product is free of endocrine disruptors. There are
         | glass bottles that still have a plastic lid. I've switched all
         | my cookware to glass or metal (no teflon). What about wooden
         | things that are painted or glued together (plywood)? Is it
         | better or worse than plastic? It's just about impossible to
         | find soft furniture that isn't covered in plastic fabric.
        
       | hospadar wrote:
       | I imagine a personified planet earth loling at this great news
       | 
       | "Hey killer asteroid, this is earth"
       | 
       | "What's up earth?"
       | 
       | "You can hold off, I think the humans are actually going to take
       | care of themselves pretty soon"
       | 
       | "Cool, I'll do another orbit for a million years"
        
       | zug_zug wrote:
       | So this trend has been going on for a while now, I looked a bit
       | into it about 5 years ago here's what I found:
       | 
       | - Tons of popular and legal products/chemicals are "endocrine
       | disruptors"[1] (fancy term for mess with hormones).
       | 
       | - The FDA/EPA doesn't deny that, they don't themselves even
       | really require tests for long-term health effects in humans (too
       | difficult). Instead they give animals a 1000x+ dose and look for
       | immediate drastic effects (this is abbreviated "LOAEL"). That's
       | the reason we have a xenoestrogen in the lining of soda cans
       | (BPA), because we're trusting that tiny doses must be negligible,
       | which isn't necessarily a valid assumption [2].
       | 
       | - The attitude on a lot of chemicals is "Safe until proven
       | guilty," but when some of these chemicals are suspect (e.g.
       | pesticides) instead of a public announcement they are pulled from
       | public use quietly prior to the point of definitive evidence.
       | New/similar ones can be introduced with presumption of safe until
       | proven guilty. (Search PFOAs if you want to get a sense of how
       | ineffective our protection mechanisms are)
       | 
       | I came to the conclusion a radically new model is necessary, the
       | EPA/FDA need to design models to test for fertility effects,
       | perhaps multigenerationally, in their studies (fruit flies?)
       | quickly.
       | 
       | My bet is within 20 years we'll see it as the more immediate
       | problem than global warming.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_disruptor
       | 
       | [2] https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.2203/dose-
       | response....
        
         | badRNG wrote:
         | > My bet is within 20 years we'll see it as the more immediate
         | problem than global warming.
         | 
         | I don't want to diminish the importance of a paradigm shift in
         | how regulators treat various chemicals, but I don't think this
         | will be anywhere near as severe and immediate threat as climate
         | change.
         | 
         | Ultimately, if there is a substantial pool of people who's
         | fertility is _not_ adversely impacted by some yet to be
         | identified chemical, then it will be those people who 's genes
         | will pass on. Within a generation we as a species will have
         | developed resistance to at least the impact on fertility by
         | some unregulated chemical.
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | Global warming importance as an issue is slowly fading as the
           | world is changing. Make room for new issues.
        
           | FeepingCreature wrote:
           | Ultimately, if there's a substantial pool of people who are
           | _not_ existentially threatened by global warming...
        
         | jamiegreen wrote:
         | As someone who is too lazy to do their own research on this
         | topic....did you happen to find which products generally
         | contain the most endocrine disruptors?
        
           | horsawlarway wrote:
           | They'll be in basically all of the plastic around you - since
           | the chemicals do a good job at plasticizing (making plastic
           | less brittle).
           | 
           | If you want a more thorough list, the NIH compiled this
           | 
           | ---
           | 
           | What are some common endocrine disruptors?
           | 
           | Bisphenol A (BPA) -- used to make polycarbonate plastics and
           | epoxy resins, which are found in many plastic products
           | including food storage containers
           | 
           | Dioxins -- produced as a byproduct in herbicide production
           | and paper bleaching, they are also released into the
           | environment during waste burning and wildfires
           | 
           | Perchlorate -- a by-product of aerospace, weapon, and
           | pharmaceutical industries found in drinking water and
           | fireworks
           | 
           | Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) -- used
           | widely in industrial applications, such as firefighting foams
           | and non-stick pan, paper, and textile coatings
           | 
           | Phthalates -- used to make plastics more flexible, they are
           | also found in some food packaging, cosmetics, children's
           | toys, and medical devices
           | 
           | Phytoestrogens -- naturally occurring substances in plants
           | that have hormone-like activity, such as genistein and
           | daidzein that are in soy products, like tofu or soy milk
           | 
           | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) -- used to make flame
           | retardants for household products such as furniture foam and
           | carpets
           | 
           | Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) -- used to make electrical
           | equipment like transformers, and in hydraulic fluids, heat
           | transfer fluids, lubricants, and plasticizers
           | 
           | Triclosan -- may be found in some anti-microbial and personal
           | care products, like liquid body wash
        
             | comte7092 wrote:
             | One of these is not like the others:
             | 
             | > Phytoestrogens -- naturally occurring substances in
             | plants that have hormone-like activity, such as genistein
             | and daidzein that are in soy products, like tofu or soy
             | milk
             | 
             | Your comment doesn't explicitly say that Phytoestrogens are
             | only present in soy, but it should be clear that such
             | compounds are extremely common, even though people tend to
             | single out soy (largely because soy has been the most
             | studied for potentially positive health reasons.
             | 
             | Phytoestrogens are present in many different grains,
             | legumes, nuts, seeds, vegetables, etc [0]
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoestrogen?wprov=sfti1
        
           | Dig1t wrote:
           | My partner and I recently embarked on a journey to replace as
           | many products in our lives that contain endocrine disrupting
           | chemicals (EDC's) as we could. It's _really_ hard.
           | 
           | You have to carefully read product labels, 99.9% of products
           | don't contain any info about EDC's, you have to specially
           | seek out ones that are labeled as phthalate-free, BPA-free,
           | etc.
           | 
           | Biggest offenders are in the kitchen and bathroom. Shampoo,
           | conditioner, deodorant, perfume, are big offenders. There are
           | special versions of these products you can find but they
           | don't usually work as well. Most things that are scented have
           | phthalates. Pretty much any food that comes in a flexible
           | plastic container, most dairy and eggs have it as well (dairy
           | because of the flexible plastic tubing used when pumping
           | milk).
           | 
           | One example of a source for milk:
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23138015/
        
             | einpoklum wrote:
             | What does "etc." mean?
             | 
             | Also - products which would not reasonably be produced
             | with, say, "phtalate" - would probably not be labeled
             | phtalate-free anyway. So one first needs to know which
             | "X-free" labels to look for.
        
               | Dig1t wrote:
               | "etc" in my comment was meant to be other types of
               | chemicals people don't necessarily like. Example: many
               | deodorants that are phthalate-free are also free of
               | aluminum, because people likely to be concerned about
               | phthalates are also likely to be concerned about
               | aluminum, even though aluminum is not an EDC (some people
               | are worried about it being a carcinogen I think). I was
               | just saying here that products with "X-free" are
               | correlated with also being phthalate-free.
               | 
               | But yeah, specifically the thing to look for is
               | "phthalate-free".
        
         | moonchrome wrote:
         | This appears to be a global trend.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | Perhaps we need to invest in more testing, and then work on a
         | whitelist instead of blacklist approach.
        
           | consumer451 wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precautionary_principle
           | 
           | https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_ID.
           | ..
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | >Can we get more QA spending?
           | 
           | You already lost.
        
           | njovin wrote:
           | I've heard on a few podcasts that this is how European
           | countries do this. We need to stop letting for-profit
           | companies gamble with the health and longevity of the species
           | in the interest of profits.
        
             | Dig1t wrote:
             | You are right that this is a much better approach. The
             | problem is Europe also has low sperm counts and are also
             | being exposed to endocrine disruptors in the same way as
             | the rest of the world. So whatever whitelist approach they
             | are using does not seem to be saving them from this
             | problem.
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | _Ultimately, Levine and Swan say that local and global actions
       | are needed to reduce or get rid of these chemicals in our
       | environments. "We should find ways to prevent further decline and
       | even reverse the trends," Levine says. "We must avoid being
       | complacent about it and fool ourselves that assisted reproduction
       | is the solution."_
       | 
       | But assisted reproduction is extremely profitable and always has
       | been, some powdered rhino horn to IVF; altering industries and
       | markets is expensive and uncertain, and politicians are for sale
       | to the highest bidder. Just 10 large donors spent _$540 million_
       | on the recent US midterm elections. The fact that some prominent
       | campaigns resulted in a loss does not mean they wasted their
       | money, any more than a financial loss in business or gambling
       | necessitates the end of a career.
       | 
       | https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/3720141-here-are-the...
       | 
       | To the extent that fiscal gain is the dominant organizing
       | principle of human society, financial wealth is going to continue
       | compounding one way or another to the detriment of other measures
       | of wellbeing.
        
       | biomcgary wrote:
       | Years ago, I published a paper suggesting that humans have
       | genomic evidence of strong selection pressure on some sex hormone
       | pathways. So, I am quite curious about whether sperm counts are
       | plummeting solely because of environmental changes (e.g., human
       | created hormone influencing toxins, including "the pill") or also
       | because natural selection in humans has drastically changed with
       | the advent of modern society.
       | 
       | In species with highly promiscuous females, sperm counts tend to
       | go up as a response to competition among males (and their
       | cellular representatives). However, in societies that have birth
       | control as the norm, pregnancy is primarily a result of conscious
       | choice (stable relationship, financial status, etc).
       | Consequently, sperm count is under drastically less selection
       | pressure because you have multiple shots on goal without much
       | reproductive consequences, so to speak.
        
         | nosianu wrote:
         | So how do you integrate into your theory the additional fact
         | mentioned in that article that sperm count and male health were
         | associated?
         | 
         | > _"One can view the decline in sperm counts as a biomarker for
         | male health in general," says Kristensen._
         | 
         | > _In fact, a study in a 2018 issue of the journal Andrology
         | found a higher risk of hospitalization among men who had lower
         | sperm concentrations. Those with sperm concentrations below 15
         | million /mL--considered low--had a 53 percent greater risk of
         | being hospitalized for any reason over the course of 36 years
         | than those with more robust sperm concentrations between 51 and
         | 100 million/mL. This effect persisted even after the
         | researchers controlled for body weight, smoking, and other
         | factors._
         | 
         | Sounds to me like that supports the chemicals theory.
        
           | biomcgary wrote:
           | Possibly chemicals, but, alternatively, natural selection has
           | been relaxed across the board in the modern societies since
           | agriculture and even more after industrialization. How often
           | do you see males literally fighting over sexual access to a
           | female, which would select for physically healthy males?
           | 
           | Selection pressure for intelligence may have increased, but
           | education level is negatively correlated with reproduction,
           | so maybe not. Multiple generations of relaxed selection would
           | have a cumulative effect on health AND sperm production.
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | Wasn't Sexual selection even more weird throughout recorded
         | history? Marriage concerns basically was the opposite of SS ,
         | where economics and religion trumped natural selection,
         | particularly in the western world we re talking about.
         | 
         | Even today millions of people are marrying contrary to
         | selection gradients (arranged marriages, marrying relatives,
         | too young/old , excluding other religions etc etc.). Do these
         | people have lower/higher sperm counts?
        
           | akiselev wrote:
           | For the vast majority of recorded history people married
           | someone from their village of 200 people or from a nearby
           | village a few miles away. It doesn't matter how weird our
           | mating rituals are when there's not much variability to begin
           | with.
           | 
           | Modern urban cities provide access to a much more diverse
           | gene pool which allows individuals to select across a much
           | wider range of characteristics.
        
       | dham wrote:
       | Just another side effect of sugar industry pushing that "fat" is
       | bad. Now no one cooks with butter or lard and use nonstick
       | (Teflon) pans which leaches into food and into water sources when
       | it's produced.
       | 
       | We need basic cooking classes in high school and have governments
       | pushing only stainless steel and iron cookware.
        
         | hirvi74 wrote:
         | Butter (sometimes other oils when necessary) and cast iron is
         | all I have used for decades now. I jumped on the cast iron
         | train around the age of 18 and have never used anything but
         | cast iron since. In fact, I still use the same cast iron
         | pots/pans I initially acquired 12 years ago. Cast-iron is
         | surprisingly non-stick/easy to clean and damn near
         | indestructible when responsibly used and maintained properly.
         | 
         | Plus, you can put cast iron pots & pans in the oven, over a
         | modest open flame (like a campfire), etc..
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | PakG1 wrote:
       | My wife and I have a beautiful daughter about to turn 2. But she
       | wouldn't have existed if it weren't for IVF (in vitro
       | fertilization). Had to stab her stomach with needles for a while
       | to make hormones to mass produce eggs and then they took my sperm
       | to put into her eggs and see which ones took. Five viable
       | pairings happened. Three were put into her and out came the one
       | kid. Other two are in cryo for future use, and hopefully we can
       | try them too one day soon. I was hesitant about IVF when I was
       | younger, but now I recommend it to anyone who's having difficulty
       | conceiving. The doctor showed us my sperm in a petri dish. They
       | were tiny in number and so lazy to move compared to a video that
       | the doctor indicated to be more healthy sperm. Whatever lifestyle
       | changes I need to make to make my sperm better, not sure it can
       | be done overnight and my wife was 38 at the time of conception.
       | 
       | Kid is beautiful, stubborn, independently-minded, cute, all of
       | it. Would not trade her for the world.
       | 
       | If you're having difficulty conceiving, please consider IVF. We
       | tried for 3 years the natural way with no dice.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | I have a medical condition where I have no vas deferens. Sadly,
         | IVF didn't work. I don't say that to ask for sympathy, but to
         | say that my wife went through the same series of needles, etc,
         | without the payoff at the end. (Additionally I had to have a
         | surgery to remove sperm from the testes, which was painful to
         | recover from as you might imagine.) Anyone who embarks on the
         | financial and emotional cost of IVF needs to be fully aware of
         | the possibility that it won't work.
        
           | greeneggs wrote:
           | Note that the CDC collects statistics on assisted
           | reproductive technology success rates. Here is the 2019
           | report: https://www.cdc.gov/art/reports/2019/pdf/2019-Report-
           | ART-Fer... . See especially Figure 3 on page 29 (Percentage
           | of embryo transfers that resulted in live-birth delivery, by
           | patient age and egg or embryo source). There is more data,
           | including from individual clinics, at
           | https://www.cdc.gov/art/artdata/index.html .
        
         | onetimeusename wrote:
        
         | jupp0r wrote:
         | This and go out and vote for politicians who keep IVF legal and
         | expand protections for it.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | IVF is expensive. Some friends of ours tried it but it didn't
         | work. They were out $30K and finally just made peace with the
         | fact that they weren't going to have kids.
        
         | jrvarela56 wrote:
         | Glad it worked out! My daughter is 8mo now and we had concerns
         | going into the 'getting pregnant' phase.
         | 
         | If you can't afford IVF or want to do it another way, there are
         | things you can try to do before you start trying to avoid
         | surprises - the main goal is to try to assess your status so
         | you can align expecatations. It's frustrating to 'get started'
         | and think 'it should take about X months' and then not seeing
         | it happen (huh sounds familiar to product work?).
         | 
         | First, we always think it's the women's fault (or at least
         | society defaults to that nowadays for sure). Men can go to a
         | lab and get your sperm tested and check your testosterone
         | levels. There are actionables to improve this in >6 months (not
         | sure if less).
         | 
         | My wife did all sorts of stuff: checked hormone levels, managed
         | her endo with excercise/diet/stress-management, got her period
         | into one of those tracking apps to the point it actually
         | predicted when ovulation happened (corroborated with home test
         | kits).
         | 
         | In summary, I'm not trying to deal out a recipe here - just
         | making a point that having a lower-stress attempt at getting
         | pregnant can take a while but something can be done if you want
         | to avoid cost of IVF or misalignment of expectations when
         | 'trying' (we started ~preping - wife more so than me - 2 years
         | in advance bc my wife had endo).
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | Insurance will pay for it. After getting denied a friend of
           | our just kept writing letters until they agreed to pay it.
           | It's a medical condition.
        
         | sidewndr46 wrote:
         | I don't think that is how IVF works, you can't induce an adult
         | female to produce eggs in any medically approved way.
         | Apparently mammals are born with a finite number of eggs that
         | just get used up as they get older.
        
           | zrail wrote:
           | OP was probably using "produce" to mean "ovulate", i.e. cause
           | an egg to leave an ovary.
        
           | samtho wrote:
           | Hormones are injected into the egg-having partner to induce a
           | mass release of eggs. Ova are not created in this process.
        
             | bdowling wrote:
             | > egg-having partner
             | 
             | "Please don't use Hacker News for political or ideological
             | battle. That tramples curiosity."
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | You cannot be serious.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | "egg-having partner" is an extreme far left term that
               | tries to work around the hole they dug for themselves
               | involving transgender ideology, that the vast vast
               | majority of the world does not care for. The non-
               | political term is women or wife or female or anything
               | else along those lines.
        
               | PakG1 wrote:
               | I honestly don't care what words people use though, as
               | long as I can understand the words? Egg-having partner
               | would fit that description to a pedantic degree.
        
               | teg4n_ wrote:
               | y'all are the ones injecting politics into it, ya
               | weirdos.
        
           | cecilpl2 wrote:
           | Yes, it is indeed how IVF works. You inject fertility drugs
           | using a giant needle. It sucks.
        
           | sircastor wrote:
           | This is exactly how IVF works. The ovaries generate more
           | follicles, which are collected directly out of the ovary.
           | 
           | You can also cause the ovaries to release more eggs during a
           | menstrual cycle to increase the likelihood of fertilizing one
           | of them. This is IUF.
        
         | bergenty wrote:
         | You may not like to hear this but women having a kid past 30
         | introduces a lot of potential problems and deficiencies in the
         | child.
        
           | Eleison23 wrote:
           | That's a myth that the medical establishment wants to sell
           | you. Women are fine and have children with no problem, long
           | past that artificial "deadline".
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/g9ryP0UyO5U
        
             | spaceman_2020 wrote:
             | Not 30 certainly, but once you get closer to 40, your
             | chances of running into problems only goes up
             | substantially.
             | 
             | Post 35, most couples should have a serious talk about
             | kids. There's a healthy chance that you'll run into some
             | problems either conceiving or carrying the fetus. Every
             | aborted attempt can cost you months or more - a luxury you
             | might not have if you're touching 40.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | It increases the chances. It doesn't guarantee it by any
           | measure.
           | 
           | Only past 40 do you go into 'really need to check' territory.
        
           | CadmiumYellow wrote:
           | Women have been having kids past 30 since the dawn of
           | humanity. The only difference is that now women tend to be
           | older at the time of their FIRST pregnancy. Before the modern
           | era women would start having kids in their late teens or
           | early 20s and continue doing so until menopause in many
           | causes, so that's up til 45-55. Plenty of women are perfectly
           | capable of having healthy kids past 30 and even past 40.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | xienze wrote:
         | > and my wife was 38 at the time of conception.
         | 
         | This sounds obvious, but apparently isn't to a lot of younger
         | people. 38 is considered quite old to start having children
         | (yes it happens, but it's called a "geriatric pregnancy" for a
         | reason), and I'm sure it contributed to the difficulties
         | conceiving.
         | 
         | A lot of young folks have been convinced that child birth can
         | be put off more or less indefinitely while you pursue a career,
         | but the longer you wait, the more difficult it becomes. Just
         | another piece in the "gee, why are birth rates declining?"
         | puzzle.
        
           | atemerev wrote:
           | Well here where I live, the median age for a woman giving
           | birth is 42. The old normal is not normal anymore.
        
             | Taurenking wrote:
        
           | Eleison23 wrote:
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Please stop posting flamewar comments and ideological
             | battle comments to HN. You've unfortunately done quite a
             | lot of that. It's not what this site is for, and destroys
             | what it is for.
             | 
             | If you'd please review
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and stick
             | to the rules when posting here, we'd appreciate it.
        
             | LordDragonfang wrote:
             | Fertility rate is pretty much just correlated with GDP per
             | capita until around $20k ppp, after which it levels out at
             | just below fertility for basically the rest of the graph.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_and_fertility
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | >A lot of young folks have been convinced that child birth
           | can be put off more or less indefinitely
           | 
           | Young folks haven't been convinced of shit, it's just
           | literally not an option. Most young people are barely
           | scraping by, can't buy a home, can't rent a medium sized
           | apartment, have terrible health care, unreliable or
           | unpredictable scheduling, etc etc.
           | 
           | "Oh we made do in earlier times" Yes and a lot of the younger
           | generations feel those scars every day, they feel the anxiety
           | from not having enough money in the household, and develop
           | scarcity mindsets that they will fight for the rest of their
           | lives. Of course they don't want to do that to their own
           | kids.
           | 
           | Let alone even being in a relationship at all, one that's
           | stable enough that you genuinely believe you will be together
           | for at least 20 years.
           | 
           | Young adults aren't putting off kids "to pursue a career", we
           | are trying desperately to survive in a world that was picked
           | clean by previous generations and kneecapped before we got a
           | chance at it.
        
         | thehappypm wrote:
         | Another lesson from your story (similar to many of my friends')
         | is to just have kids younger. It sounds like you started at
         | around 35 -- if people started at 30, even, fertility is
         | higher.
        
           | nicholasjarnold wrote:
           | Yep, I can confirm this based on personal experience with a
           | gynecologist telling my wife that at 35 the pregnancy is
           | considered a "geriatric pregnancy" (apparently some docs now
           | call it "AMA"...advanced maternal age).
           | 
           | This shocked both of us, frankly. We were aware of what the
           | actuarial tables will tell you regarding birth defect rates
           | related to maternal age, but hearing the term geriatric in
           | your mid-thirties is quite shocking. I'm ignorant of any data
           | around paternal age and sperm count (assume it goes down...no
           | idea the rate), but the docs do tend to focus on maternal age
           | quite a bit regarding possible defects and fertility.
           | 
           | Nonetheless we were able to conceive in our late 30s without
           | help or any trouble. Our baby is super healthy. Apparently we
           | lucked out.
        
             | dionidium wrote:
             | My mother-in-law who is in her 60s thinks she's "too young"
             | to be called grandma. She's being a little bit tongue-in-
             | cheek, but I routinely hear people say, "oh he was so
             | young" after some 65-year-old celebrity dies of a heart
             | attack. Increasingly, I just have no idea what's going on
             | in people's heads when they think about age. Sixty is not
             | "young." Thirty-five is not "young" with respect to
             | fertility.
             | 
             | People need to get a grip on their mortality, man.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Yep. I'm in the latter half of my 50s and defintely don't
               | feel young, at least physically. 60 is getting old.
               | Anthing past 70 is a gift, IMO.
        
               | PakG1 wrote:
               | And yet, we have presidential candidates in their 80s and
               | Americans seriously don't prefer younger candidates to
               | win their primaries for whatever reason. Something is
               | really messed up there.
        
             | Eleison23 wrote:
        
               | quest88 wrote:
               | Please provide references showing it's bullshit.
        
               | Foobar8568 wrote:
               | Considering how fast birth defect raise after 35...yeah
               | not bullshit at all.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | Just so we're all clear, this is now an internet fight
               | with opposing claims and zero sources.
        
               | Foobar8568 wrote:
               | Because any search with pregnancy risk 35 would result in
               | hits on any medical journals, health website with the
               | actual sources.
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729989/
               | 
               | https://www.nct.org.uk/pregnancy/tests-scans-and-
               | antenatal-c...
               | 
               | Seriously, people are just lazy.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | You can basically draw a straight line for female
               | fertility declining between 90% at 31 and 5% at 40.
               | https://www.britishfertilitysociety.org.uk/fei/at-what-
               | age-d...
               | 
               | Calling the second half of that geriatric is completely
               | appropriate because you're dealing with significant age
               | related declines.
        
             | notinfuriated wrote:
             | > Nonetheless we were able to conceive in our late 30s
             | without help or any trouble. Our baby is super healthy.
             | Apparently we lucked out.
             | 
             | Same here, without 'trying' either (as in, we were not
             | actively trying to get pregnant). It was surprising for us
             | to hear the term "geriatric pregnancy" as well, and the
             | ob/gyn seemed to utter out loud a lot of the worst
             | assumptions about what could happen in the pregnancy. She
             | also seemed somewhat surprised and judgmental that our baby
             | wasn't conceived using IVF, which was a bit off-putting but
             | she was otherwise a great doctor.
             | 
             | Worst thing that happened during the pregnancy was some
             | sort of bladder issue caused by the baby being seated in
             | her mom's pelvic floor or something. Not really a
             | complication for the fetus, just for her mom being unable
             | to pee without a catheter. I suspect this was more of an
             | mechanical/anatomical effect that would have occurred
             | regardless of age, but I wouldn't know. The baby also had a
             | bit of an elevated respiratory rate when born, but she's
             | fine now.
             | 
             | That said, my impression of the whole process was that this
             | plays out quite differently for everyone. Ours was
             | surprisingly easy, especially the labor part. I'm left
             | wondering how well they've controlled for factors like the
             | physical fitness of the mother (and father, perhaps), any
             | genetic factors, etc. when trying to figure out how likely
             | fertility issues, birth defects, or other problems occur
             | based on age of the parents. Is there not also a generally
             | higher correlation to poorer physical health as people age?
        
             | moonchrome wrote:
             | >Yep, I can confirm this based on personal experience with
             | a gynecologist telling my wife that at 35 the pregnancy is
             | considered a "geriatric pregnancy" (apparently some docs
             | now call it "AMA"...advanced maternal age).
             | 
             | This used to be after 30 not that long ago around here
        
           | PakG1 wrote:
           | LOL, didn't get married until later, wouldn't have been
           | possible for me back then. Takes two to tango. Which is of
           | course another societal question. Why are people finding it
           | difficult to partner up and settle down earlier in life? I
           | know what my reasons were, I was idiotic, picky, shy, you
           | name it. https://xkcd.com/439/
        
           | droopyEyelids wrote:
           | Fertility isn't the only consideration with having children
           | when you're old.
           | 
           | Skin elasticity and athleticism decreases with age, and that
           | translates into worse tearing, and more difficult births,
           | longer recovery, and more trouble keeping up with a baby
           | after all that.
           | 
           | Then, on top of all that, your parents are entering their
           | sunset years rather where _you_ have to help _them_ rather
           | than having grandparents young enough to help you with your
           | kids.
           | 
           | It's also linked to things like low birth weight. I sure wish
           | my wife & I had started earlier.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | Can you imagine having two generations of kids at 20 years
             | old? 'Grandma' will be 40 when she has her first grandkid.
        
               | clusterhacks wrote:
               | This was very common in my extended family in rural North
               | Carolina. Most of my cousins didn't attend college,
               | partnered up quickly, and started families. Not always in
               | that precise order . . .
               | 
               | Honestly, I think for them it just wasn't that odd in
               | their community. I grew up in a more suburban area and
               | the baby boom was definitely a few years later
               | comparatively speaking.
               | 
               | I have several aunts and uncles who are great-
               | grandparents and in the 60-70 year old range.
        
               | duffyjp wrote:
               | I'm 41 and my boys are 4 and 8. It's wild to even
               | consider I could have been a grandfather by now if my
               | life choices had been different. Wouldn't be such a bad
               | thing though, at 40 you're still pretty young so I
               | could've had my freedom back by now. As it is I'll be 55
               | by the time they're out of the house and probably won't
               | be able to pick mountain biking back up...
               | 
               | And then if they wait a while I could be pushing 70
               | before my grandkids arrive. Great-grandkids might be a
               | relic of a time gone by...
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > Great-grandkids might be a relic of a time gone by
               | 
               | They seem to be the case for me. My five are 20-30. I see
               | no avenue for grandkids where it takes 3-4 incomes to
               | afford minimal living expenses.
        
               | patja wrote:
               | I find it surprising that this is something that has to
               | be imagined. I run into real world examples of this all
               | the time. It isn't the norm, but it sure isn't something
               | that requires imagination to see all around us.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | Yeah, it'd be fuckin' great because the grandparents
               | could help out a lot more, get active quality time with
               | their grandkids when they're old enough to remember it
               | instead of being that furniture-like senile person stuck
               | in a chair of whom they have few fond memories, and so
               | on.
        
               | Ancapistani wrote:
               | That sounds normal to me.
               | 
               | I was born when my mother was 17. I had my first daughter
               | when I was 25 (and therefore her grandmother was 42). I'm
               | 38 today.
        
               | SamPatt wrote:
               | I got married at 20 and had my first child at 22. I'll
               | likely be a grandparent in my 40s.
               | 
               | From a selfish perspective, I was too young to really
               | understand what I was taking on, and it's been difficult
               | at times. I missed out on many things. Not much of my
               | adult life has been focused solely on my needs.
               | 
               | However from a family perspective, it has worked out
               | quite well. I worked some difficult jobs at first but
               | eventually got my degree, started a career, left to
               | cofound a startup, bought a house. Kids are doing well.
               | 
               | People think you have to do all that before you have
               | kids, but that's not true. When you're already young,
               | kinda dumb and kinda poor then you can make it work.
               | 
               | I'm now 37 and my youngest is 10, so I'm not running
               | around chasing kids anymore. I've got enough energy to
               | help them with school. I like being a young dad now.
        
               | derivagral wrote:
               | I broke this trend in my family. When I met my then-
               | partner's parents in undergrad, they were of similar age
               | to my grandparents. Didn't bother us, but I think they
               | were surprised.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | I can imagine (and know many people like this). It's
               | pretty common in non-Western or poorer countries where
               | people had kids earlier due mainly to economic reasons
               | (and also lack of availability of birth control).
        
               | agentwiggles wrote:
               | This has probably been the default situation for most of
               | history I'd think.
               | 
               | Great-grandma would 60, and hell, with some luck, great-
               | great-grandma might have been kicking around still at 80!
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | yumaikas wrote:
           | I mean, a _lot_ of people may not have the financial option
           | to have had kids younger. Like, the last 15 years have
           | included two  "completely upend your life" level crises,
           | along with a lot of smaller crises that could have swept up
           | someone.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | I dunno, kids may be incompatible with a lot of lifestyles,
             | but I wouldn't call them inherently expensive. You just
             | have to adjust your expectations.
        
               | iamthepieman wrote:
               | We estimated that it costs 1.5 million to raise our kids
               | just based on opportunity cost. If we factored in
               | increased health insurance rates, and all the other
               | expenses around having multiple children including
               | needing to own a bigger car and house, factor out the tax
               | credits in the US, it's more like 2.25 million. This is
               | for a very moderate salary estimation for the non-working
               | spouse.
        
               | doubled112 wrote:
               | I'm always confused about the bigger car thing, and I
               | think it's marketing hard at work.
               | 
               | I'm getting myself, my wife, and my two kids to BMX
               | practice (yes, with bikes) in a compact sedan.
               | 
               | What are people filling all that space with? Do you pack
               | like you're crossing the Sahara every time you leave the
               | house?
               | 
               | I came back and added this:
               | 
               | If houses were still built like they used to be, with
               | walls and separation, it'd be easier to fit more people
               | and stuff into fewer square feet, but even a roomy new
               | home feels like there's always somebody with you.
               | 
               | I'd love to move into something small and inexpensive,
               | but my 2 bedroom town home will have to do for the time
               | being. Works just fine for us.
        
               | waboremo wrote:
               | >adjust your expectations
               | 
               | That's just another way to say they're inherently
               | expensive. If they weren't, why are you adjusting your
               | expectations?
               | 
               | I do think we exaggerate greatly how expensive kids are,
               | for the most part the "exchange" is in time and not
               | money. However, they are still a noticeable cost
               | especially in countries with not great support systems.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | > for the most part the "exchange" is in time and not
               | money.
               | 
               | I agree. If you can have one person stay home kids are
               | pretty cheap. My wife won't stay home, but if we could
               | swap salaries I'd do it myself in a heartbeat.
        
               | netjiro wrote:
               | Even in super socialized Sweden the first child costs
               | around 180 000 USD (2021) [1] for the median example
               | family. Second child is probably less expensive.
               | 
               | [1] https://seb.se/privat/livet/att-skaffa-barn/sa-
               | paverkar-ett-...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | I dunno how you can say that. When children are young you
               | have two options:
               | 
               | - both parents work, you pay for childcare
               | 
               | - one parent drops out of the workforce, takes care of
               | children at home
               | 
               | neither of these is cheap. Decades ago it was realistic
               | for one parent's salary to cover the whole family but
               | these days salary stagnation and increased costs of e.g.
               | housing makes it much more difficult.
        
               | rsj_hn wrote:
               | That's assuming you live alone or have no nearby
               | friends/relatives who can watch your child. Most of the
               | world somehow has kids without spending huge sums,
               | because they have children when they are much younger and
               | rely on nearby family to help, just as you will gladly
               | help your children, etc.
               | 
               | This is how civilization propagates. The idea that only
               | the wealthiest can afford to have kids by living in pure
               | isolation and hiring teams of nannies and specialists is
               | contradicted by the practice of opening one's eyes,
               | looking around, and observing much poorer people having
               | kids just fine.
               | 
               | But it requires making sacrifices. Those societies in
               | which few are willing to make the sacrifices necessary
               | die out, and healthier societies take their place.
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | > That's assuming you live alone or have no nearby
               | friends/relatives who can watch your child.
               | 
               | Yes it is, because those friends and relatives _also_
               | have to work in order to afford housing, healthcare,
               | etc... grandparents that are happily retired, living off
               | their savings and happy to donate their time is not close
               | to a reality for many people.
               | 
               | > observing much poorer people having kids just fine
               | 
               | Define "just fine". I'm responding to the OP saying that
               | having kids is "not expensive". It is. The fact that
               | people make do, struggle and get by does not alter that
               | fact, it just means they're doing it anyway. 1 in 6
               | children in the US lives in a food insecure home, that's
               | not particularly "fine".
               | 
               | > Those societies in which few are willing to make the
               | sacrifices necessary die out, and healthier societies
               | take their place.
               | 
               | O...kay? I'm not sure a perspective that's this
               | disconnected from personal lives is all that helpful.
               | "Yes, raising a child in America in 2022 is difficult but
               | don't worry, society will die and a new one will rise"...
               | what's my reaction supposed to be there?
        
               | gourabmi wrote:
               | > Those societies in which few are willing to make the
               | sacrifices necessary die out, and healthier societies
               | take their place.
               | 
               | I think the comment means is that you can't have the cake
               | and eat it too. Whether or not you want to make
               | sacrifices in order to have kids, those choices will have
               | consequences. Especially when sufficient number of people
               | are doing it at the same time. The claim seems to be that
               | the societies which prioritize sacrifices in order to
               | raise children will outlives the ones that choose
               | otherwise. Is that a good thing or a bad thing? Who
               | knows.
        
               | necrotic_comp wrote:
               | This is so sanctimonious and makes me angry.
               | 
               | Part of having kids is wanting your kids to have a life
               | that's as good as, or better, than your current life. You
               | want to give them all of the possible opportunities they
               | can have in addition to instilling them with the values
               | you deem important.
               | 
               | When I was in a position to potentially have a family, I
               | realized that despite my good-on-paper job, my partner
               | and I would not be able to afford any semblance of a good
               | life if we stayed where we were living, and if we moved,
               | I would never be able to see my family - all I would do
               | is work and commute. I had to say no and it led to the
               | dissolution of our relationship.
               | 
               | I don't have family around me, I don't have the option of
               | having family around me, and it makes me angry that you
               | say that I just need to "open my eyes" and see how the
               | poor people do it.
               | 
               | Take a deep breath and reflect on what you said, please.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | caeril wrote:
               | No. Absolutely wrong.
               | 
               | Homes are _much_ larger now than in 1955. Cars are being
               | purchased with far more (expensive) features, and they
               | are driven for fewer miles before being  "upgraded". We
               | eat out _much_ more. Even when we eat in, we eat more
               | luxurious meals. We buy Frappuccinos daily, we buy
               | clothing _much_ more frequently, we impulse shop
               | significantly more, we utilize medical services much more
               | frequently, we take far more, and more luxurious
               | vacations, we rack up ludicrous levels of student debt
               | for degrees that have no hope of servicing said debt,
               | etc, etc, etc.
               | 
               | We are wealthier today than at any point in human
               | history. The myth that all homes must be two-income is
               | predicated on the outrageous lifestyles we choose, NOT
               | due to anything inherent in "society" or "the economy".
               | 
               | Our insane consumerist appetite is what's preventing one
               | household member from staying home, nothing else.
        
               | wintermutestwin wrote:
               | >Homes are much larger now than in 1955.
               | 
               | Homes are not larger necessarily because of our "insane
               | consumerist appetite." They are larger because:
               | 
               | 1. Housing is an investment vehicle 2. Housing valuations
               | are primarily driven by SQFT/SQM (when you rule out
               | location) 3. The baseline costs of building (permits,
               | utility connections, etc) are not driven by size and make
               | up a huge % of the cost to build. 4. Zoning laws prohibit
               | smaller builds and multi-family in many areas.
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | I'm sorry but this is profoundly out of touch with the
               | way a lot of people live. "We" is doing a huge amount of
               | reaching in absolutely everything you're saying.
               | 
               | > We are wealthier today than at any point in human
               | history.
               | 
               | Wealth disparity is also higher today than since records
               | were started. You can't cite overall wealth without
               | factoring that in.
               | 
               | My neighbourhood has a church which holds a weekly food
               | bank, giving out a bag of food to anyone that needs one.
               | The line goes far down the street every week. Do these
               | people have "outrageous" lifestyles? Do you think they
               | take luxurious vacations and sip frappuchinos? Not to
               | mention:
               | 
               | > Homes are much larger now than in 1955.
               | 
               | Okay, how about... affordability? If you're going to
               | claim housing is more affordable than it was in 1955 I'm
               | going to need to see a citation.
        
               | PuppyTailWags wrote:
               | I'm going to seriously disagree with your depiction:
               | 
               | - frankly fraps, daily, are a magnitude of order smaller
               | than childcare. You could deprive yourself of a frap
               | every day for literally years, and you still couldn't
               | afford even 6 mo of daycare.
               | 
               | - we need to buy clothing more frequently because our
               | clothing quality is shit, and the good clothing quality
               | has increased in expense
               | 
               | - if you think adult humans consume medical services too
               | often you're in for a fucking shock of your life when it
               | comes to babies, which _being pregnant is a consumption
               | of medical services_
               | 
               | - even small homes are much less affordable than in 1955
               | because the price of land has drastically increased
               | compared to 1955
               | 
               | - student debt is taken on because we know for a fact
               | that college graduates statistically outearn people
               | without college degrees, outliers aside, and the cost of
               | schooling has ballooned for a variety of reasons, _one of
               | which is that the previous generation had voted to
               | withdraw funding for schooling_
               | 
               | One household member staying home is also supremely
               | dangerous for that one household member at home, which
               | wasn't a problem in 1955 raping your wife was legal and
               | women couldn't even own fucking bank accounts so it
               | wasn't like women had great options besides staying home!
               | If staying home was so good how come women immediately
               | got the fuck out of the house as soon as it was available
               | to them?
        
               | dionidium wrote:
               | > Decades ago...
               | 
               | Even if we accept the (I think dubious) claim that we're
               | worse off than people were in the 1950s (or whatever)
               | there's thousands of years of procreation that precede
               | that one specific comparison. Those people had it much
               | worse than we do and they had many more children.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | I never understand perspectives like these. The OP's
               | statement was "having children is not expensive". How
               | does "people had it worse a thousand years ago" relate to
               | that? Surely by that logic we can't take issue with any
               | facet of modern life?
        
               | dionidium wrote:
               | No, you misunderstood. If somebody says, "I have only
               | $10, I can't afford to do X" then the existence of
               | millions of people who did X on $6 is _directly
               | relevant_. It 's not an abstract appeal to, "perk up,
               | people used to have it worse!" It's a refutation of an
               | explicit claim.
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | You don't think that's a simplistic analysis? For that to
               | be true all external factors would have to remain
               | constant and they obviously haven't.
        
               | dionidium wrote:
               | Yes, it's very simplistic, but I think directionally
               | correct.
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | We have a societal problem when the rational individual
           | choice (to provide your children the best head start) is to
           | wait until your fertility declines to have children.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | It seems to me the rational _individual_ choice (speaking
             | of the planning of the timing of kids, before having them)
             | would be to not have kids at all? Kids take resources away
             | from the individuals who have them.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | _...rational individual choice..._
             | 
             | It's a choice in the same sense that I've _chosen_ not to
             | buy a Ferrari because I can 't afford one.
        
               | dionidium wrote:
               | This really doesn't make any sense. We are not poorer
               | than our ancestors and they figured it out. People have
               | convinced themselves that the requirements for having
               | children are far beyond what they actually are.
               | 
               | In fact, I think it's precisely our wealth that scares
               | people about the prospect. You're going to have to trade
               | away some of that wealth to have children and people are
               | understandably nervous about that.
        
             | dionidium wrote:
             | That would suggest that, in fact, it is _not_ the rational
             | choice. People are too precious about having kids. And when
             | I say  "people" I mean me. I waited until I was 40. That
             | was stupid. I should have started sooner. Everything would
             | have been fine.
        
             | waboremo wrote:
             | While true, the desire to push everyone into heavy
             | productivity mode from ages 18-55 are a societal problem,
             | there is also a financial (and educational) problem where
             | solutions to combat the aging fertility problem are often
             | locked behind procedures that cost more than a year's
             | salary for majority of people.
             | 
             | An example of this is that freezing your eggs costs upwards
             | of $30k, and is still viewed as something only very select
             | late 30's successful women do.
        
               | moonchrome wrote:
               | >An example of this is that freezing your eggs costs
               | upwards of $30k, and is still viewed as something only
               | very select late 30's successful women do.
               | 
               | Isn't that also very unreliable ? When we went to IVF
               | clinic they told us that freezing the eggs has much lower
               | chance of them being usable compared to fertilized eggs.
        
               | skorpeon87 wrote:
               | Even if you make egg freezing cheap, it will still have
               | an abysmal success rate (particularly if a woman waits
               | until her 30s to have the eggs freezed), and should
               | rationally be viewed as a hail Mary of last resort. This
               | should not be viewed as the default rational path towards
               | pregnancy, even if it were free. A society which is
               | structured to encourage this path is setting people up
               | for serious disappointment.
        
             | rconti wrote:
             | It seems fairly natural that a couple in most societies
             | (current and historical) would be better able to provide
             | for their children the older they are.
             | 
             | The main exception I can think is family support; having
             | younger grandparents and great grandparents could be an
             | advantage, I guess?
             | 
             | I'm not sure I'd look at a society where people have lots
             | of children so they can put them to work and say "yeah,
             | this is the way society should be!"
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > It seems fairly natural that a couple in most societies
               | (current and historical) would be better able to provide
               | for their children the older they are.
               | 
               | When I was born in 1991 and my sister in 1995, a simple
               | police officer and a nurse in half-time could provide for
               | two children with ease, in one of what was even back then
               | one of the most expensive cities in Germany. Today, me
               | (IT worker) and my s/o (public health administration) can
               | barely afford a flat and two cats.
               | 
               | Fuck that shit, we need rent controls, higher wages and
               | higher taxes on the rich. Then people like me are not
               | forced to wait until 35 that they can start having
               | children.
        
               | moonchrome wrote:
               | I was under the impression that programming and IT is
               | very undervalued in Germany, like you're basically
               | earning slightly above average in most cases. At least
               | that's what I gather from two friends who live there.
        
               | vardump wrote:
               | Rent in Germany is really really cheap. Even in
               | "expensive" cities.
               | 
               | Energy, on the other hand, not so.
        
               | dzonga wrote:
               | actually you need more market based rent. remove
               | restrictions that incentivize people not to build
               | housing. tax the rich on land value - which means not
               | have empty lots build a lot of houses encourage a dynamic
               | market that rewards labor and boom you've achieved low
               | rents, high wages
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | In western countries historically men were typically a
               | bit older than their wife but the wife usually was fairly
               | young still. Definitely way younger than now. I think the
               | average maternal age in the US is close to 30 now. This
               | was a rational arrangement since women had fewer economic
               | opportunities. Now women can do basically everything men
               | can do so they choose to defer pregnancy, which has its
               | own consequences that people are now learning to manage
               | and deal with through IVF, egg freezing, etc.
               | 
               | Interestingly, genetic mutations from the mother are
               | roughly constant regardless of her age. Paternal genetic
               | mutations rise with age. IIRC a 38 year old man's sperm
               | has double the number of mutations a 28 year old man has.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | On that last point, isn't that because all eggs are
               | produced in-utero and stored for later use (no new eggs
               | can be produced), whereas sperm is manufactured on
               | demand?
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | That's my assumption, but I don't know the mechanism by
               | which sperm mutations occur.
        
               | herrrk wrote:
               | You sure about that? https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/West
               | ern_European_marriage_pa...
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | > In Yorkshire in the 14th and 15th centuries, the age
               | range for most brides was between 18 and 22 years and the
               | age of the grooms was similar; rural Yorkshire women
               | tended to marry in their late teens to early twenties
               | while their urban counterparts married in their early to
               | middle twenties. In the 15th century, the average Italian
               | bride was 18 and married a groom 10-12 years her senior.
               | An unmarried Tuscan woman 21 years of age would be seen
               | as past marriageable age, the benchmark for which was 19
               | years, and easily 97 percent of Florentine women were
               | married by the age of 25 years while 21 years was the
               | average age of a contemporary English bride.
               | 
               | > Ireland's average age of marriage in 1830 was 23.8 for
               | women and 27.47 for men where they had once been about 21
               | and 25, respectively, and only about 10% of adults
               | remained unmarried;[22] in 1840, they had respectively
               | risen to 24.4 and 27.7;[23][24] in the decades after the
               | Great Famine, the age of marriage had risen to 28-29 for
               | women and 33 for men and as much as a third of Irishmen
               | and a fourth of Irishwomen never married due to chronic
               | economic problems that discouraged early marriage.
               | 
               | Doesn't really contradict what I said, although the age
               | gap between bride and groom was fairly variable (but no
               | country that I'm aware of has a pattern of older bride,
               | younger groom).
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | I mean, maternal genetic mutations aren't strictly age
               | related. However, damage from toxins, other environmental
               | factors, and developmental issues related to hormone
               | levels generally track with age. I wouldn't be surprised
               | to find out paternal fertility issues are truly the same,
               | but that age is a an easy proxy.
        
               | creaturemachine wrote:
               | Monetarily maybe, but not physically. I'm 42 with a
               | 5-year-old and man do I wish I was doing this in my 30's.
        
               | PakG1 wrote:
               | Had those times when your back seized up and you couldn't
               | even lie down properly? :) Been there, done that. If only
               | I had developed better exercise habits when younger.
               | Well, better late than never, though that late sometimes
               | feels like never.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | There is also a lot of pressure on women to "have a career"
             | which contributes to them waiting to marry and have kids.
             | It's not really possible to optimize both being a mother
             | and having a career, it's all tradeoffs and those who
             | choose motherhood and a more domestic life are made to feel
             | like they have sacrificed or lost out on something.
        
               | firstfewshells wrote:
               | And who exactly is putting this pressure on women? Most
               | men would choose a healthy, fertile woman over a career
               | oriented one. I do think it's women that are taking on
               | the pressure themselves in their quest to have it all.
        
           | UncleOxidant wrote:
           | Problem is that a lot of people aren't in a position to have
           | kids at 30 mainly due to economic reasons.
        
             | skwirl wrote:
             | This common explanation never made sense. Lower income is
             | correlated with higher fertility within the US, within
             | every country, across the world, and (seemingly) throughout
             | history.
        
               | oneoff786 wrote:
               | Most of history is subsistence farming economies. More
               | people means more labor. It's a pretty good ROI. And of
               | course, lack of contraception. Plus with kids dying you
               | need several to reliably end up with a few when you're
               | old.
               | 
               | In an urban economy kids are largely dead weight and
               | expensive for two decades. The middle class dual income
               | family isn't typically looking for 3+ kids anymore.
        
               | skwirl wrote:
               | The fertility rate _today_ in the United States is
               | inversely correlated with income. The effects are not
               | minor, either. As far as I 'm aware, there's not much
               | subsistence farming going on in the United States.
        
           | abyssin wrote:
           | I agree. We shouldn't pressure people to make children early,
           | but make sure they understand the consequences of delaying.
           | I'm surrounded by couples of 30-35 year old that are
           | struggling to have children. They had no idea it would be so
           | hard.
        
             | spaceman_2020 wrote:
             | I'm 35, wife is 34. We've had no problems conceiving but it
             | hasn't been smooth sailing post conception at all. Had one
             | molar pregnancy, one missed miscarriage of a Mono/Di twin,
             | and we're now onto our third term.
             | 
             | Although these issues can prop up at any age, the
             | statistical chance of something going wrong keeps going up.
             | Moreover, there's the constant fear with every miscarriage
             | that we're getting even older and even more likely to run
             | into bigger problems.
             | 
             | I'm honestly surprised by how little people talk about
             | these issues.
        
           | fhd2 wrote:
           | I started at 24 - certainly regret nothing, but I also can't
           | say it was the smoothest path :D Trying to provide and care
           | while being new to the job market was quite a ride.
           | 
           | There's been some changes to make having kids less of a
           | challenge in recent years - at least in Europe. But it still
           | seems like there's a long way to go, especially in terms of
           | corporate cultures that, in my experience, don't really know
           | what to do with young parents.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | > corporate cultures that, in my experience, don't really
             | know what to do with young parents
             | 
             | What do they not know? I've been mostly treated fairly (not
             | exactly a young parent though).
        
               | agentwiggles wrote:
               | I'll share an experience.
               | 
               | My (now) wife and I got pregnant in our senior year of
               | college. That summer I had the good fortune to land my
               | first software dev internship.
               | 
               | At the end of the summer, I was to be given an offer
               | letter to come on as a full time employee after I
               | finished school. I asked in that meeting if I could just
               | continue to work and was told "uh yeah, that's fine I
               | guess". Major victory for me at the time.
               | 
               | I did not share that I was soon to be a father until a
               | few weeks before the baby was due. I was afraid that this
               | situation would negatively color their perceptions of me
               | and my work. But eventually the time came.
               | 
               | I pulled my tech lead aside and asked if I would be able
               | to take a few days off for the birth. He said of course,
               | but, at the time, I was still an hourly employee. My
               | first son was born on Tuesday, I took unpaid time off for
               | the rest of the week, then returned to the office less
               | than a week after my son was born, the following Monday.
               | I really had no other choice - I had been working for
               | about 5 months at the time, and certainly couldn't afford
               | to take any more hit to my paycheck.
               | 
               | About a month later, I asked HR if I had any kind of PTO
               | accrued to take some time off for Christmas. This wound
               | up being how I became a salaried employee - they felt bad
               | that I didn't have PTO and said basically "oh, well,
               | you're full time now anyway, we'll just convert you to
               | salary."
               | 
               | I want to be clear that there was no malice or anything
               | involved in any of these situations, and as a matter of
               | fact, the company was very supportive and provided an
               | absolutely wonderful first job. But still, there was just
               | no procedure or infrastructure in place to support a 23
               | year old father. Everything that was done to help me
               | through my internship and eventually full time employment
               | was in some sense a just-in-time hack, done by kind
               | people who knew and cared about me.
               | 
               | Had my career started at Accenture or some other gigantic
               | corporate machine, I assume none of those things would
               | have happened for me, even if the HR people were
               | similarly benevolent. Even with all my good fortune,
               | being a parent within the first few months of my
               | professional career was difficult.
               | 
               | Nowadays, 6 weeks of parental leave seems to be pretty
               | standard for professional jobs, and I imagine that
               | benefit would extend even to someone at the entry level
               | (maybe not an intern, but FTEs). But this is a pretty
               | recent development. When my second child was born, I took
               | a week off.
               | 
               | Later that year, the company implemented a single week of
               | paternal leave for new parents , which you would just
               | receive as an extra 5 days of PTO. A very kind and good
               | technical manager, without my asking, went to bat for me
               | and got me the week of PTO refunded, effectively
               | grandfathering me into the new benefit. No one had to do
               | that for me, it didn't even occur to me to ask - but I
               | have remembered that act of care from him for a long
               | time.
               | 
               | So, all told, I had a pretty good level of company
               | support as a young parent. But it's quite easy for me to
               | imagine that any of these strokes of fortune wouldn't
               | have occurred for many others in similar situations.
        
               | icoder wrote:
               | Please be aware that this highly depends on the country!
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | None of this is specific to being a parent, and I'm not
               | sure being a young parent (as opposed to middle-aged or
               | elderly) requires any sort of special consideration.
               | 
               | Had you started at Accenture it wouldn't have been any
               | worse, but you probably would not have gone weeks
               | (months?) as a full-time unsalaried employee with no PTO.
        
           | cortesoft wrote:
           | Having kids younger is not a simple choice. My wife was
           | already 35 when we met, we couldn't have started younger.
        
             | ed25519FUUU wrote:
             | I think the idea is that many societal choices need to be
             | moved up, not just the decision to have children.
        
               | arglebargle123 wrote:
               | For that to be viable people need to A: not leave
               | academia with 5-15y of debt as a matter of course and B:
               | housing suitable for young families needs to, I don't
               | know, actually exist where the decent jobs are. Until
               | those changes happen kids aren't going to be a popular
               | choice before one (or more likely both) parents have a
               | well established career and significant amounts of money
               | in the bank.
        
         | dr-detroit wrote:
        
         | AuryGlenz wrote:
         | As an addendum, for us IUI (intrauterine insemination) was a
         | complete waste of money. My sperm counts were largely fine and
         | it might make sense if you believe it's your primary issue -
         | for unexplained infertility I don't believe it makes sense.
        
           | mcv wrote:
           | We tried IUI to conceive our second child, and after a couple
           | of months of trying, my wife got tired of it, we stopped
           | temporarily, and just then she got pregnant.
           | 
           | No idea if IUI helped or not, but we got a great kid out of
           | it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | sircastor wrote:
         | We did IVF and have a wonderful little boy. Would do it again
         | to have our kid, but my goodness, the expense was overwhelming.
         | We had to go into a non-trivial amount of debt to do IVF and I
         | don't know how anyone makes it work (short of what we did) we
         | tried for 8 years to conceive naturally.
         | 
         | Tangentially, we spent some time looking at adoption and the
         | total cost going through an agency I think would've been about
         | the same.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | Adoption is crazy expensive, and a super hard process
           | compared to, you know, just popping one out yourself.
           | 
           | I sort of understand why, but I still think it's a bit
           | counterproductive.
        
         | bushbaba wrote:
         | Accept for most in the world IVF is a years salary.
        
           | bdcravens wrote:
           | The same is true of many things in the United States, like
           | automobiles and Apple computers.
        
           | scient wrote:
           | Thats absolutely not true.
        
             | Vikerchu wrote:
             | Idk ive seen real expensive IVFs
        
             | devmor wrote:
             | You're right, it's not true. It's more like a decade's
             | salary. Full IVF generally ranges from $10-15k USD. Median
             | worldwide income is about $900 USD.
        
               | waltbosz wrote:
               | This is a curious observation which spawns so many new
               | questions in my mind.
               | 
               | What is the cost of living in the places of the world
               | where $900 USD is average income of its populace.
               | 
               | From which I would ask: in those parts of the world,
               | where does and income of $900 USD put someone in terms of
               | poverty or prosperity. What is their social mobility?
               | 
               | Then I would ask: do the people living in these parts of
               | the world feel the same urge to be parents as people
               | living in rich countries like the US? Are the more social
               | pressures in rich countries that make parenthood a
               | desirable goal?
               | 
               | Is there a correlation between a country's wealth and
               | conception rate ?
        
               | code_duck wrote:
               | People in countries with very low incomes tend to have
               | more children. One reason is that children can start
               | helping out the family very young and be working to
               | contribute by their teenage years. Another goal is to
               | gain retirement security. If you have 8 children you'll
               | have someone to take care of you in old age.
        
               | smilebot wrote:
               | Add another $10-15k per cycle if you want genetic
               | testing.
        
               | miroljub wrote:
               | It costs that much only in the USA, not everywhere.
               | 
               | In many parts of the world, it's either way less
               | expensive, or even covered by health insurance (at least
               | a few tries).
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | _It costs that much only in the USA_
               | 
               | Costs a good $10k in Sweden and Denmark as well. Don't
               | know about the rest of Europe.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | Japan was $4k or so, but we had to pay only like $200 per
               | attempt if it didn't succeed.
        
               | vinay427 wrote:
               | It is similarly expensive in various other countries
               | where it isn't always covered, and meanwhile is also
               | covered in some states in the US.
               | 
               | https://resolve.org/learn/financial-resources-for-family-
               | bui...
        
               | prmoustache wrote:
               | 10-15k is nothing compared to the million your kid will
               | cost you until its 20y birthday.
        
               | tomwojcik wrote:
               | You live in a bubble.
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | Regular people spend much less than a million to raise a
               | child up to 20.
        
               | prmoustache wrote:
               | That's not me who did the math.
               | 
               | It was data from Switzerland though. But still 1 million
               | USD in Switzerland is still a large amount and much 50 to
               | 100 times higher than IVF and the same ratio would
               | probably applies in many countries.
               | 
               | Bottom line is if you can't swallow the IVF price, you'd
               | better not have kids in the first place because your kid
               | will cost you much more than that every single year.
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | Regular people in Switzerland don't spend as much either.
               | Regular people in Switzerland will maybe barely _make_
               | $1M over 20 years, so to suggest that this is how much it
               | _costs_ to raise a _single_ child, even in such a wealthy
               | and developed county as Switzerland, is absurd.
        
               | prmoustache wrote:
               | OK I stand corrected I found the study. Half a million
               | for 2 kids, the first one representing the most of it
               | (380k).
               | 
               | Calculation involves direct costs (upwards of 200k per
               | kid) + indirect costs (bigger housing, owning bigger
               | cars, more items, moving closer to good schools or
               | quiet/safer places, etc).
               | 
               | Still I stand by the idea that if you can't swallow the
               | IVF price you will be in a bad situation in the long
               | term.
        
           | PakG1 wrote:
           | Perhaps in the US. We did ours in South Korea. I can't
           | remember how much it was, but it was far less than a year's
           | salary.
        
           | mcbuilder wrote:
           | And don't forget, if the IVF works, the costs of the kids
           | will make that look paltry.
           | 
           | Source: Have 3 kids
        
             | lovecg wrote:
             | People used to have kids as a source of free labor, not as
             | a money sink. I wonder if it's still the case in many
             | places.
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | Kids went from labor source plus retirement plan to an
               | expensive hobby. That's the reason for the demographic
               | transition.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | I mean that's probably true for the average world citizen,
           | but probably not for anyone that already has the chance to
           | browse HN.
        
         | addingadimensio wrote:
         | It's fine to be hesitant for IVF when you're younger you don't
         | need it when you're young
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | What did it cost? My understanding is that it is not cheap.
        
           | metalliqaz wrote:
           | Around $20k out of pocket for IVF with ICSI when I did it.
           | Most of that (~12k) was the drugs.
        
           | ne0flex wrote:
           | If you're in the US, it's possible it can be covered by
           | insurance. My wife and I are in the process of doing IVF.
           | Though it can be very expensive - the injection medications
           | cost a total of $16K. Thankfully, it's covered by my health
           | insurance and I had a $100 co-pay. PGTA screening is not
           | covered by my insurance and to my knowledge costs about $1k.
           | Other parts in the IVF process vary in cost but most is
           | covered by my insurance with a $45 co-pay.
        
         | ridgered4 wrote:
         | We had some fertility issues as well and while IUI and time
         | worked for the two children we have IVF was looked into. Before
         | the whole thing I didn't understand why people didn't just
         | adopt. But once looking into the sky high costs and uncertainty
         | of adoption I understood why IVF is popular. It is expensive
         | and uncertain as well, but much less so.
        
           | PakG1 wrote:
           | Adopting is hard. I've tried to convince my wife that we
           | should adopt because I've always wanted to adopt anyway, but
           | she's scared I'm not taking it seriously enough. She says
           | with adoption, you need to emotionally commit more than you
           | would with your own blood because the natural instinct isn't
           | there. She's scared I can't handle the responsibility and she
           | might be scared of it too. She said we can have the talk
           | again after I prove I can be a good dad with our own blood
           | first. She doesn't want to be the mom that loves and handles
           | everything while the dad doesn't care.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | I'm always surprised that they think they're the only ones
             | that care. Just because it doesn't show in the same way
             | doesn't mean I don't care.
             | 
             | My wife's care consists of endlessly fuzzing over every
             | little detail of their appearance when going out. Mine
             | consists of ensuring he's happy and fed.
             | 
             | Personally my issue with adoption is that I do not want to
             | be in a position where I treat my own child and the adopted
             | one differently. Don't know if it'd happen, but I don't
             | want to try.
        
               | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
               | "They"?
        
               | PakG1 wrote:
               | Given I'm still trying to remind myself to regularly
               | vacuum, I don't blame her for her worries about my level
               | of commitment to responsibility. I took months to file
               | our taxes. I'd have a bad opinion of me too. I'm really
               | lucky that she loves me for some reason!
        
             | calvinmorrison wrote:
             | adopting also has about a million more hoops than just
             | having kids, and this is relatively new. My mom's cousin
             | has a 'brother' who they adopted cause his parents died a
             | car in a neighboring house. Well, they were of the similar
             | age and the kid came and lived on the farm with them. I
             | don't know if theres any legal paperwork that was even
             | done. Probably some stamps.
             | 
             | now? good luck adopting without a mortgage downpayment, a
             | clean history, good credit, references, yada yada
        
         | mattlondon wrote:
         | We were looking down the barrel of IVF after everything else
         | didn't work but all sperm and eggs etc looked normal. Turns out
         | that my wife had an immune response (so-called "natural killer
         | cells") that was preventing successful pregnancy.
         | 
         | Drugs for that were simple and _very_ mild (and cheap!) and
         | within 2 months we were pregnant for the first child. For the
         | second child it was just 1 month! This was all naturally
         | conceived after a very long period of nothing happening.
         | 
         | IVF seemed very invasive with potentially low success rates but
         | conversely high risk of twins etc if it did work. I'd recommend
         | getting the immunology investigated if people are suggesting
         | IVF for you - for us it was utterly straight forward and simple
         | once the diagnosis was made and the drugs prescribed. Google
         | for Dr Shehata in the UK.
        
         | wintermutestwin wrote:
         | A long time ago, my spouse and I moved to Massachusetts because
         | they mandated that Insurance companies must cover IVF. I got a
         | job at a small startup, but just as we were getting started
         | with IVF, they got acquired by a California megacorp. I thought
         | I'd have to quit, but it turned out that the acquiring
         | company's insurance covered IVF.
         | 
         | Back then, IVF Drs. were measured on their success rate so they
         | wanted to put in three blastocysts (fertilized eggs). With
         | fears of triplets in my head, I talked my spouse down to two.
         | My twins are adults now and totally awesome :~)
        
       | jgalt212 wrote:
       | It's a tricky situation. Marrying later leads to more robust
       | marriages, but more difficulty conceiving.
        
       | DevX101 wrote:
       | The thesis of the book 'Countdown' is that this is largely due to
       | widespread plastic and other endocrine disrupting chemicals. I
       | believe this is one of the most important risks to humanity,
       | after climate change, and global war. So far, I've taken some
       | lifestyle changes to combat this: 1) Threw out all of my teflon
       | cooking pans 2) Refuse to consume food in heated plastics 3)
       | Throw out teabags (they have plastics). Use loose leaf tea 4)
       | Will soon be throwing out liquid body wash and moisturizers, and
       | replace with simpler oils
       | 
       | This is an emergency, which would probably require we do a
       | revolution on use commercial packaging and plastic. But I don't
       | have much faith, given how entrenched this industry is. Right
       | now, industry is pushing BPA-free packaging, but I strongly
       | suspect BPA-free plastics have similar endocrine effects, we just
       | haven't studied them long enough.
        
         | flanbiscuit wrote:
         | > Will soon be throwing out liquid body wash and moisturizers,
         | and replace with simpler oils
         | 
         | What are you planning on doing?
         | 
         | I stopped using the Dr Bronner's liquid soap and switched to
         | the their bar soap. For a while I was using the same soap for
         | my hair and then I was doing a "rinse" (apple cider vinegar +
         | some oils) but I got lazy and stopped. I might pick that back
         | up again.
         | 
         | https://info.drbronner.com/all-one-blog/2017/03/definitive-g...
        
           | jupp0r wrote:
           | I use Lush soaps and solid bar shampoos. The shampoos
           | actually work better for my hair than liquid shampoos and
           | they're so convenient to travel with!
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Olive oil works nicely as a skin softener/moisturizer, as
           | long as you don't mind smelling of olives.
        
         | monkeynotes wrote:
         | Not all teabags are that "fancy" plastic-y webbing. Cheaper
         | teas have traditional paper filters.
        
           | saltcured wrote:
           | Plastics are so cheap and the paper industry has spent many
           | decades learning how to make different composite blends of
           | paper and plastic to get different characteristics. I had a
           | friend who spent time in that industry and liked to point out
           | how plastics could be in most paper-like products you would
           | see every day. He also emphasized how "actual" paper can be
           | unhealthy due to bleaching and other processing steps that
           | leave byproducts.
           | 
           | I don't know if it's really solved anything, but I switched
           | to loose leaf teas with a stainless steel "tea ball" for
           | individual cups. Now I can instead wonder what metals the
           | global supply chain decided to actually use in that product.
           | ;-)
        
         | dham wrote:
         | Just use glass. I never understood plastic containers.
         | Basically just use shit that existed 50 years ago for food.
         | 
         | Iron pans, store in glass, butter, lard. If you spill stuff on
         | a couch just live with it. Buy leather. Too many things are
         | made because people are lazy. If you have kids don't have nice
         | stuff, it's very easy.
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | > If you have kids don't have nice stuff, it's very easy.
           | 
           | An unexpected upshot is that in a functional household you
           | can let them play like actual children, without the cloying
           | anxiety and constant shrieks of "For Gods sake Tristan and
           | Tarquin, not on the Louis Vuitton !!"
        
           | TylerE wrote:
           | Glass is expensive to make (and recycle!), heavy, physically
           | larger (since your container is, now, say, 0.250" thick
           | instead of 0.025"), and much more likely to break during
           | shipping, and presents an injury risk when broken.
        
         | ulnarkressty wrote:
         | Forget teabags, what about the bazillion microplastics that we
         | inhale/ingest every day from clothing and carpeting? Especially
         | nice when your coworker's idea of cleaning up their dusty PC is
         | by using canned air on it indoors...
        
         | monkeynotes wrote:
         | Better check your plumbing because I hate to say it, PEX is
         | everywhere and it's yet to be shown if there are long term
         | effects on having plastic plumbing everywhere. My kitchen water
         | tastes like plastic all the time.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | PEX is fine. Water that sat in a PEX pipe is chemically
           | indistinguishable from water held in a test tube, unlike what
           | happens with water in PVC piping. Another indicator of fine-
           | ness is that PE and PP tubing is used extensively in chemical
           | process plants where high purity is required.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | But the water delivered to your house probably ran through
             | miles of PVC pipe. What's a few feet more?
             | 
             | I just run the water for 10 seconds or so (feel for it to
             | get colder) before I drink.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | > miles of PVC pipe
               | 
               | Ah god, this is gonna be a "those dumb Romans used lead
               | pipes" moment for our civilization isn't it?
        
               | p3rls wrote:
               | What? Are you suggesting that most in the United States
               | that most people have miles of water mains with PVC on
               | the other side of the meter?
               | 
               | Most PVC is not rated for potable water. In many
               | localities (like nyc) it's a code violaton to use PVC on
               | anything. I am a professional plumber.
               | 
               | Btw, fun fact for you non-plumbers, pex as we know it was
               | invented by a hardcore nazi.
        
             | monkeynotes wrote:
             | I'd like to see a source for "chemically
             | indistinguishable". Here is what I've read:
             | https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/amid-pipe-wars-
             | resear...
        
         | gniv wrote:
         | I've given up making sousvide anything for the same reason.
        
           | sakras wrote:
           | I've been using a silicone Stasher bag for my sous vide
           | needs, works quite well.
        
         | UweSchmidt wrote:
         | Regarding tea bags, sometimes I see plastic tea bags which are
         | crazy, as they must have a weak structure/large surface and the
         | hot water surely washes out a lot of plastic. I am assuming the
         | normal paper tea bags I get in Germany with a metal clip should
         | be plastic free though, or am I missing something?
         | 
         | Yes we are down to discussing tea bag brands now but as you are
         | saying, it's an emergency :-(
        
           | someweirdperson wrote:
           | Tea bags are a useless convenience.
           | 
           | In bulk tea is not only significantly cheaper (not as bad as
           | the tea capsule mark-up, which is in a league oo its own),
           | but also waste is reduced to nothing (only the tea itself,
           | which is perfectly organic).
           | 
           | Rinsing a reusible tea holder doesn't take more time than it
           | takes to dispose off the paper tied to the end separately.
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | > Tea bags are a useless convenience.
             | 
             | Surely an oxymoron?
             | 
             | (I don't really drink tea fwiw; if I did I probably _would_
             | be the type to get into it with loose leaves sourced from
             | somewhere I believed to be better than anything available
             | in bags (not even because of the plastic or whatever in
             | bags).)
        
             | javajosh wrote:
             | _> Tea bags are a useless convenience._
             | 
             | Why do people wildly overstate their case, and thereby
             | weaken it? This is obviously false: tea bags, like
             | disposable silverware, may be harmful but they are not
             | useless!
             | 
             | These days if you are against something then anything bad
             | said about it is true, anything good said about it is false
             | or questionable. This is a (bad) lawyer's attitude, a very
             | easy algorithm to execute, and one that is transparent and
             | punished by any judge worth their salt.
        
               | majkinetor wrote:
               | Useless! Your analysis its obviosuly fake and lame.
        
           | DevX101 wrote:
           | What consumers think of as normal "paper" tea bags release
           | 11.6 billion "microplastics" and 3.1 billion "nanoplastics"
           | into each cup. It's not paper.
        
             | akiselev wrote:
             | Since when did micro- and nanoplastics become an SI unit?
             | 
             | Where do I put my feet?
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | On the table.
        
             | morelisp wrote:
             | That's 11603.1 whole plastics!
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Waiter, there's a plastic in my tea!
        
               | coolspot wrote:
               | Underrated comment.
        
             | propogandist wrote:
             | which tea bags don't do this?
        
               | DevX101 wrote:
               | I wouldn't use tea bags at all. Use a metal loose leaf
               | tea infuser and buy loose leaf tea. I use this:
               | 
               | https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00X50NUU4
        
               | Aachen wrote:
               | The "use jquery" answer for tea bags. "How do I do X with
               | tea bags?" "Don't use tea bags, use this better thing!"
        
               | type-r wrote:
               | the hilarity of suggesting use of something from Amazon
               | when the discussion is about avoiding health hazards...
        
         | twobitshifter wrote:
         | Along the same lines as tea-bags, is it possible k-cups have an
         | effect? The keurig machine is already plastic, so does using a
         | reusable cup buy you any benefit?
        
           | Method-X wrote:
           | The reusable cup is also plastic.
        
           | DevX101 wrote:
           | k-cups get quite warm when in use so I'd avoid it for daily
           | use. Try a french press with a glass container instead. I
           | also threw away my Aeropress for similar reasons.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Aeropress claims they have tested for plastic leaching and
             | found none.
             | 
             | https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0601/8783/6659/files/Evol
             | u...
             | 
             | Link is from the FAQ page on aeropress.com.
             | 
             | I can't find the reference now but at one point they
             | discussed why they don't offer an aeropress in stainless
             | steel or glass, and it's basically because of safety (metal
             | and glass transmit heat much more than plastic).
             | Additionally with glass, even pyrex, there is a risk of
             | breakage.
        
               | type-r wrote:
               | shocker, company claims its own product isn't harmful
        
         | shawnz wrote:
         | > I strongly suspect BPA-free plastics have similar endocrine
         | effects
         | 
         | Based on what? BPA is the monomer which makes up polycarbonate
         | plastic, and it's a simple molecule which has been known to be
         | an estrogen analogue for nearly 100 years. Other kinds of
         | plastics besides polycarbonate are made from much different
         | kinds of monomers which have no structural similarity to BPA,
         | so why should we assume that the risk carries over? The
         | mechanism that makes BPA dangerous has nothing to do with the
         | fact that it can be turned into a plastic.
        
           | whalesalad wrote:
           | BPA was banned, so they tweaked it into BPB, BPS, BPF, and
           | BPAF, etc... it's a game of whack-a-mole. They're all
           | terrible for us.
        
             | shawnz wrote:
             | Sure, but most plastics aren't made with any kind of
             | bisphenol related compounds at all.
        
               | Qem wrote:
               | They are added afterwards as additives, to improve
               | mechanical properties of plastics, even those that don't
               | use BP(X) as feedstock for synthesis.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I have some experience in plastic molding and I'm not
               | sure what you mean. They're either part of the feedstock
               | or not.
        
           | Dig1t wrote:
           | This exact thing is discussed in detail in the book OP
           | referenced, it's excellent BTW.
           | 
           | The group of chemicals known as phthalates are added to a
           | huge range of plastics we use at home every day and there is
           | a ton of evidence suggesting that these chemicals are
           | endocrine disruptors. They seem to all have very similar
           | effects WRT endocrine disruption, often substituted for one
           | another when one is found to be bad. This leads to the whack-
           | a-mole effect described by a sibling comment.
           | 
           | Products can be listed as "BPA free" but still have these
           | endocrine disrupting chemicals in them.
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | > This is an emergency
         | 
         | No, this is hope. Converting the entire biomass of earth into
         | homo sapiens is not the goal.
        
           | tomp wrote:
           | Sperm count is falling in wild animals as well.
        
             | sriacha wrote:
             | do you have a source for that?
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | Page 1 of Google
               | 
               | https://theconversation.com/amp/male-fertility-how-
               | everyday-...
        
       | 10g1k wrote:
       | You don't need all the chemicals they sell you.
       | 
       | I don't use synthetic dishwashing liquid, because it's completely
       | unnecessary. Anything that separates water from everything else
       | is not going to do good things in your digestive tract. Other
       | effects... who knows?
       | 
       | I don't drink tap water, which in my country has about twenty
       | disinfectants in it. What do disinfectants do? They are poisons
       | which kill micro-organisms. The idea is that they're strong
       | enough to harm them but weak enough for us to handle. But are
       | they? What about our gut microflora and such?
       | 
       | I don't use synthetic chemical surface cleaners or anything else
       | like that. There are natural options, DIY options, and it
       | generally works out cheaper than purchasing the mass produced
       | synthetic garbage.
       | 
       | And yes, I've been tested, and have super-sperm. Kid is on the
       | way too.
        
         | type-r wrote:
         | unless you have access to some spring, i don't see how drinking
         | bottled water in plastic is better than not drinking tap
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | > Anything that separates water from everything else is not
         | going to do good things in your digestive tract
         | 
         | Like oil?
        
           | 10g1k wrote:
           | Different mechanism. Detergents are a class of chemicals
           | which bind very strongly to water on one end and oils on the
           | other end. This strips oils and waters off things, for
           | example gut lining or microflora which require maybe water or
           | oils.
        
       | XorNot wrote:
       | There is argument that the way sperm count data is collected is
       | not accurate[1].
       | 
       | In short, historical data has good reasons to assume it is not
       | reliable, and there are inexplicable geographic divergences which
       | seem correlated now strongly with the number of studies then any
       | other factor: i.e we simply aren't using large enough or
       | comparable sample sizes, and what looks like decline is
       | regression towards the true mean.
       | 
       | Of note: the decline still does not show an average below the
       | levels required to be regarded as fertile, and it also does not
       | show a reduction in observably fertile men (those who have
       | fathered children).
       | 
       | [1] https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/05/fears-over-
       | fa...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | raxxorraxor wrote:
       | Hopefully they will never discover that this is due to excessive
       | wanking.
        
         | zug_zug wrote:
         | Not sure if you're joking, but that's something they control
         | for (when you last ejaculated) when measuring sperm counts
        
           | raxxorraxor wrote:
           | I was joking. Round 1 has a different consistency than round
           | 5. Perhaps the test subjects aren't entirely honest...
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | i would think it trains to produce more. Woody allen was wrong?
        
         | MonkeyMalarky wrote:
         | Pornhub causing the fall of civilization and not nuclear
         | proliferation or global warming? That's a new one.
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | You clearly don't hang out with enough catholics &
           | evangelicals.
           | 
           | In all seriousness this is a mainstream-ish opinion in some
           | religious circles.
        
             | seydor wrote:
             | Meanwhile nothing is more pro-procreation than showing
             | people the most fun ways to do it
        
             | TheLoafOfBread wrote:
             | Well I would expect that when you are using something
             | often, then it will go stronger like muscles. So more
             | wanking -> more sperm count. But I am just guessing here.
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | It definitely messes with your dopamine levels.
        
             | thepasswordis wrote:
             | And yet: the catholics and evangelicals seem to be having
             | no trouble conceiving.
        
               | thepasswordis wrote:
               | For the people downvoting this: https://www.pewresearch.o
               | rg/religion/2015/05/12/chapter-3-de...
               | 
               | It's true. Christians are the most likely group to have
               | kids. The most likely Christians are Mormons, then
               | Catholics, and Evangelicals are tied for second.
               | 
               | The group least likely to have kids are agnostics, with
               | atheists being very slightly more likely.
        
         | O__________O wrote:
         | Appears unlikely that frequent masturbation affect male
         | fertility:
         | 
         | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertil...
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | That solves the Fermi Paradox.
        
           | ativzzz wrote:
           | I mean, VR porn is already pretty nuts, I can imagine that a
           | few generations of technology down the line the desire to
           | explore the universe can be fully supplanted
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | The answer to the great filter being the development of
           | supernormal stimuli doesn't seem too farfetched.
        
         | propagandist wrote:
         | It must be environmental.
        
           | canadiantim wrote:
           | I'm sure it's a combination of factors
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | it can't really be genetic
        
             | twobitshifter wrote:
             | Epigenetic effects are possible in formation of gonads,
             | it's one of the mechanisms involved in sex differentiation.
        
               | seydor wrote:
               | Can't be passed on if there are no children
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | Maybe with longer lifespans, people making conscious
             | choices which partner to have children with, and IVF being
             | an option, there just isn't that much evolutionary pressure
             | on sperm counts. Something that reduces your sperm count by
             | 50% but makes you 10% more attractive could absolutely be
             | an evolutionary advantage in the developed world.
             | 
             | Not that I think this is what's going on, but I think
             | rejecting it outright is too hasty.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | IVF and things like caesarians & other prenatal care are
               | _surely_ having an evolutionary effect. Fertility and
               | ability to give healthy live birth used to be _the_ most
               | fundamentally important evolutionary pressures for us
               | (and basically every other species), and now we can opt
               | out of them.
               | 
               | IDK how long we'd expect it to take for most of humanity
               | to become dependent on a high-tech society to reproduce,
               | under those circumstances, but it'd seem really weird to
               | me if that's _not_ the direction we 're going. But maybe
               | that takes hundreds or thousands of years to have a
               | pronounced effect, rather than tens.
        
             | unbalancedevh wrote:
             | From TFA: "But the transmission of these exposures doesn't
             | stop there--the epigenetic effects of these exposures may
             | be transmitted from one generation to the next, not just
             | from the mother but possibly from the father too. It may be
             | due to factors in the father's sperm that disrupt the
             | reproductive development of male fetuses in the womb,
             | Levine notes."
        
               | seydor wrote:
               | This assumes there are children
        
           | mhitza wrote:
           | My bet is on the microplastics that have been found
           | everywhere, from the arctic snow[1] down to the placenta of
           | unborn babies[2]. They are known to be endocrine disruptors,
           | however they only got their media spotlight (as far as I am
           | aware) in the last ~4 years. Thus we're far away from being
           | able to fully understand their effects on the human body.
           | 
           | Fun part is that I have some crazy (non-scietifically backed)
           | theories that they are the cause of behavioral changes in
           | humans which became more prominent in our society in the last
           | 10-20 years. Unfortunately this is unresearched territory, as
           | the only important article I came across were related to
           | animals thus far [3][4]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/mi
           | cro...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/22/micro
           | pla...
           | 
           | [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32629346/
           | 
           | [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31673028/
        
             | OGWhales wrote:
             | I wonder how we can even determine what effects
             | microplastics have on the human body when they are so
             | prolific that every human on earth has them. Comparing with
             | humans from the past has many challenges, so I guess the
             | best we can do is comparing people that have more to those
             | with less.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | Has masturbation notably increased over the years?
         | 
         | Of course the availability of pornographic material has
         | increased, but previous generations seemed to do fine with
         | sears catalogues so I'm not sure that is a big factor.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | It will probably turn out that the opposite is true.
        
       | pmoriarty wrote:
       | Great news for people like me who don't want to reproduce.
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | Do you intend to become elderly? Perhaps not so great news in
         | 50 years when you are looking for a nursing home.
        
           | jehb wrote:
           | This comments feels a little ambiguous, and driving replies
           | for two separate issues.
           | 
           | At a societal level, is an imbalanced population pyramid a
           | problem? Yes, and many countries are solving this by opening
           | up immigration options.
           | 
           | Should an _individual_ opting not to have children be
           | expected to have negative consequences in old age? IMHO, no.
        
             | willcipriano wrote:
             | > opening up immigration options
             | 
             | Unless they are getting immigrants from off world, that is
             | at best a game of musical chairs. Birth rates are
             | plummeting globally.
        
               | jehb wrote:
               | This is misleading. Birth rates globally are still above
               | replacement level. Even if they weren't, immigration
               | still provides opportunities for people to move from
               | areas of higher relative birth rate to areas of lower
               | relative rate, should they choose to.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | Global warming alarmism is similarly misleading, the
               | current climate can easily support human life.
        
               | istjohn wrote:
               | It's called climate change for a reason.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | Birth rates are depicted over time for a reason.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | it's not really misleading at all. Places like Vietnam,
               | the Philippines, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, and
               | Malaysia all had birth rates below replacement in 2021.
               | 
               | Sure, you can still find nice big numbers in places like
               | Niger in sub-saharan Africa, but even they are starting a
               | sharp decline. And they are starting with a low base.
               | Their entire national population is only the size of the
               | greater NYC area.
        
             | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
        
             | notch656a wrote:
             | What you're describing is tragedy of the commons. No
             | negative consequences to not having children, but big
             | negative disproportional cost to the parents raising them.
             | With disproportionately privatized losses and socialized
             | gains.
             | 
             | People often say you shouldn't have kids for your own
             | retirement. In the ultimately hypocrisy, they often mean
             | kids will be for everybody's retirement (when they're
             | forced to pay social security taxes as adults).
             | 
             | The economic incentive is to let others have kids and
             | shoulder disproportionately the costs, while you can free
             | ride and "not have negative consequences." Immigration
             | doesn't solve this problem at the system level as removing
             | children from foreign tax pool into our domestic pool
             | shifts benefits from one elderly person to another.
        
             | AdrianB1 wrote:
             | > Should an individual opting not to have children be
             | expected to have negative consequences in old age? IMHO,
             | no.
             | 
             | The question is then who will care for these people when
             | they get old? Other people's children? So other people
             | should have children, put the effort to raise and educate
             | them for your benefit? This is a very egotistic view.
        
               | jehb wrote:
               | I would argue that expecting your children to care for
               | you is actually far more egotistic than merely expecting
               | a social safety net for all people to exist.
        
               | AdrianB1 wrote:
               | I did not say that in any means, shape or form. I said
               | that all people need someone to help them when they are
               | old, so all people have some responsibility these
               | "someone". The "someone" are children of people, so
               | society needs people to have children that will become
               | adults and be part of society; all people, if possible
               | (medical conditions are usually the accepted exception).
        
           | erellsworth wrote:
           | Personally, I plan to die in the climate wars.
        
           | 2-718-281-828 wrote:
           | I'll rather hang myself then going to a nursery home now and
           | even more so in the future. I'm living a happy life and
           | looking forward to tomorrow - and yet I am dead serious about
           | that. I've seen enough people in those places. Did you notice
           | that one thing you learned while growing up and maturing was
           | that you started to notice when the party is over and it's
           | time to leave instead of hanging on until the very dire end -
           | it's the same thing with life.
           | 
           | Also neither is yourself getting children or other people
           | getting some a guarantee for a dignified existence in a
           | future nursery home nor is such utilitarian thinking a good
           | basis for deciding on whether or not to bring someone into
           | the world.
           | 
           | Humans will eventually go the way of the Dodo - and that's
           | okay. Because we are not special. Not at all.
        
             | notch656a wrote:
             | Something like 95% of suicides fail and then they'll toss
             | you into a home or someplace terrible to keep you from
             | doing it again.
        
               | hungryforcodes wrote:
               | So I have to suffer a lifetime of kids just for this
               | vague possibility? No thanks.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | throwawaydad12 wrote:
               | The situation is a bit more complex than that, but in any
               | case, that's a rather weak rationale for not committing
               | suicide.
               | 
               | Here is a better reason: You'll be dead quite soon in any
               | case, so unless you're in agony, you may as well enjoy
               | your final days here. Think of some of your favorite
               | activities and pick one. Rinse and repeat.
               | 
               | Sound shallow? Maybe, but I've spent an awful lot of time
               | contemplating the question.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | Sorry if I did a poor job of conveying, but my comment
               | was never intended to rationalize committing suicide or
               | not committing suicide. It was to illustrate society
               | generally doesn't respect these wishes, that these wishes
               | often fail, and that ending up in an institution staffed
               | by our juniors may be less of our own choice than we may
               | think.
        
               | throwawaydad12 wrote:
               | Agree. Ending up in a situation where suicide was not
               | possible is probably one of my greatest fears.
        
               | cpsns wrote:
               | Assisted suicide (death in friendlier terms) like we have
               | in Canada is only going to become more permissive and
               | other pleases will continue to adopt such laws.
               | 
               | In the future when people have real options this is less
               | likely to be an issue.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Have enough investments and fiat to not be the poor sucker
           | who can't pay for help end of life as the young, productive
           | cohort compresses.
        
             | balls187 wrote:
             | And hope when you age out, you keep your mental faculty
             | strong enough you don't get taken advantage of.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | Unless you're investing in canned soup and ammo, you need
             | young people working for those retirement "savings" to be
             | worth anything.
             | 
             | The modern retirement system is merely an additional layer
             | of indirection over the traditional system of kids taking
             | care of their elderly parents.
        
               | est31 wrote:
               | Yeah, if the number of people shrinks, so does the size
               | of a market, and so do revenues of companies. If you own
               | stocks, those will be worth less. If the number of people
               | shrinks, so does the demand for living space, and the
               | value of your apartment goes down. Etc.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Young, productive workers and consumers will exist
               | somewhere globally, it's a matter of capturing some of
               | that productivity as investment return. If it all goes to
               | hell, sure, the rows in a database are going to mean very
               | little and you're going to fallback to fuel, food, and
               | firearms until the end (unlikely).
        
               | est31 wrote:
               | Not all markets are equally accessible by public
               | companies as is the case with the US. Often you have a
               | lot of private companies, companies owned by people close
               | to the government, etc. If you own real estate it might
               | suddenly be disowned and given to someone close to the
               | local elites, etc. Also, in coming decades, declining
               | birth rates will be a global concern, not just one of the
               | developed countries plus russia (and OMG does russia have
               | this problem right now).
        
             | willcipriano wrote:
             | Outcomes aren't great for old folks who go into homes
             | without having someone on the outside looking out for them.
             | I don't know if you've seen the recent stories but a little
             | cognitive issues and you'll be signing away everything
             | you've earned to the home itself or one of it's employees.
             | It's quite common.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Having kids solely because you want someone to look after
               | you when you're older seems like an extremely selfish
               | reason to have kids
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | "Solely" is doing a lot of work there and making a great
               | deal of assumptions.
        
               | bowsamic wrote:
               | Yeah but that was the whole point. You're telling someone
               | who already doesn't want kids why they should want kids,
               | but you're giving them only one reason. If they do so, it
               | will only be for that reason
        
               | saint_fiasco wrote:
               | Not necessarily. Suppose that person has multiple reasons
               | to want kids and multiple reasons to not want kids. They
               | analyze the pros and cons and figure that the cons
               | slightly outweigh the pros so they choose not to have
               | children.
               | 
               | If later they learn something unpleasant about nursing
               | homes, or pension plans, or something else relevant to
               | their expected quality of life at their old age, then
               | that might tip the scale towards having children, even
               | though it is only one of many reasons.
               | 
               | The last reason that tipped the scales towards a decision
               | is not necessarily the only one or even the most
               | important.
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | Why would I care what happens when my IQ degrades to one
               | below room temperature?
               | 
               | Similarly, if I go into vegetative state I hope someone
               | will use my organs for some good cause, not try to keep
               | me alive by any way possible.
        
             | onetimeusename wrote:
             | There will be a lot of poor suckers. A lot of pension
             | schemes and even social security in the US rely on having
             | younger workers paying into it. It's a huge part of how
             | people do retirement planning.
             | 
             | If your answer is that you are not planning on counting on
             | it for the future then a lot of people will ask why not
             | stop paying into it and keep the money taxed for yourself?
             | It is a significant tax. You CAN actually stop paying into
             | it and then make yourself ineligible for payments out which
             | includes spousal benefits being cancelled. You CAN
             | conscientiously object, it is a provision of the SSA law.
             | 
             | If a lot of young people saw that, they would withdraw from
             | it and put the trust right now into a deficit which would
             | adversely affect the people withdrawing from it right now.
             | 
             | I think there is a non zero probability of this happening
             | regardless for different, uglier political reasons but it
             | doesn't make a lot of sense for people to be forced to pay
             | into something with no promise of ever getting something
             | back.
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | Or just don't be afraid of getting old. We all gotta die at
             | some point. It only takes a week to starve and I can handle
             | that fine.
        
           | bowsamic wrote:
           | I'll just make enough money to pay for a good nursing home
        
             | AdrianB1 wrote:
             | Your money will have to be worth something and nursing
             | homes to still exist in a world without children. Imagine
             | everyone stops having children tomorrow and make a point
             | for that case, then accept some will have a few kids - that
             | is an improvement but is that enough?
        
           | compiskey wrote:
           | Got you, fam: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-59577162
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | Having kids isn't likely to change that
        
           | highstep wrote:
           | a child is a ridiculously expensive, time consuming, and
           | undependable insurance policy
        
           | __alexs wrote:
           | No problem. GPT-42 powered humanoid Tesla robots will be
           | looking after us by then. Probably better conversationalists
           | than your kids anyway /s
        
             | bmacho wrote:
             | this but unironically
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dncornholio wrote:
         | All power to you not wanting to reproduce, why shouldn't other
         | people reproduce? You don't like people?
        
         | highwaylights wrote:
         | I'm hoping this was said in jest but this is definitely _not_
         | great news for you, and will only make the demographic cliff
         | even steeper.
         | 
         | Assuming you at some point want to be alive when no longer
         | young this is something to be alarmed by, as there simply
         | aren't going to be enough work-capable people around to keep
         | the machinery of society functioning while still supporting
         | those who have aged-out of the working aged population, unless
         | your plan is to Logan's Run anyone that shows signs of
         | senescence (which probably isn't anyone's idea of a good time).
        
           | godshatter wrote:
           | The machinery of society will presumably evolve to match the
           | number of work-capable people. Automation will likely
           | increase, efficiencies will be found, some services will be
           | cut.
           | 
           | From my perspective (I'm in my 50s) things have been
           | spiraling out of control for a while now. Do we really need a
           | couple of dozen flavors of Mountain Dew? Must I be inundated
           | with advertisements for crap I'll never buy even when going
           | to extraordinary lengths to minimize them? Do we all need a
           | three bedroom house with a three car garage? Do I really need
           | a 200 game backlog on steam?
        
             | highwaylights wrote:
             | Are three car garages common?
             | 
             | To be fair, and I've said this elsewhere, I think it's
             | inevitable that we'll see consistent declines in real
             | estate prices over the next five decades anyway - solely
             | because of the steady tide of newly-vacant houses coming to
             | market due to the collapsing replacement rate - so I doubt
             | the constant construction of new and bigger houses can
             | continue anyway.
        
               | godshatter wrote:
               | I live in a semi-rural area. Three car garages were
               | always seen as the over-the-top status symbol when
               | building a new house, at least back in the day. This is
               | probably a local thing.
        
           | tenebrisalietum wrote:
           | The machinery of many societies, including the most powerful
           | ones, is one where an owning class keeps most things for
           | themselves, yet expects the non-owning class to want to
           | contribute children to it and pay for it themselves. No
           | thanks. If the owning class cares so much it can start doing
           | things like making having a family much less economically
           | stressful.
        
         | kahrl wrote:
         | Don't cut yourself on that edge.
        
         | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
         | Not really, vasectomies are a 15-minute out-patient procedure
         | these days. No one who doesn't want kids should be relying on
         | this.
        
       | themagician wrote:
       | Whenever I read about things like decreasing sperm counts or
       | increases in cancer I always think of the same phrase,
       | "Everything is chemicals." It just really doesn't surprise me
       | knowing how little evaluation is done on chemicals and materials
       | throughout the supply chain.
       | 
       | I believe the period from 1900 to around 2100 will be looked at
       | as this horrible era where we filled our own ecosystem with an
       | almost unimaginable amount of "toxic" chemicals.
       | 
       | Truth is, particularly the US, the only thing we really test
       | consumer products for is lead and mercury. These are the two
       | things we test basically everything for. Other than that it's
       | pretty much don't ask don't tell (and don't test), unless there
       | is a specific piece of legislation that forces such a test. It's
       | starting to change. But the US model is basically, "Do whatever
       | you want. We'll let liability shape policy." So you create a
       | product, put it out and have it do unimaginable damage, then pay
       | for the health and environmental damage you did, and then create
       | legislation around what others should do going forward.
       | 
       | I get the economic reasons for this. But I think we went too far,
       | too fast, and too hard.
        
         | bigbillheck wrote:
         | > pay for the health and environmental damage you did,
         | 
         | Or do some trickery with shell companies, like Johnson&Johnson
         | did, and not have to pay a dime.
        
         | lemming wrote:
         | _So you create a product, put it out and have it do
         | unimaginable damage, then pay for the health and environmental
         | damage you did_
         | 
         | Or not. How often have companies actually had to pay for
         | anything like the actual cost of the damage they have caused to
         | the environment? Are there any cases when they have had to?
         | They sometimes have to compensate a few of the humans involved,
         | but never anything more general than that, and usually nothing
         | approaching the real cost to society or the environment.
        
           | themagician wrote:
           | Oh, I know. Compensation is the best case scenario. Much more
           | likely is that the entity ultimately responsible doesn't even
           | exist by the time the issue is discovered.
           | 
           | I don't know what the answer is here either. The EU is
           | getting much more aggressive about this, but it's already
           | getting to the point that to bring a new product to market
           | strictly within the law essentially costs infinite dollars.
           | 
           | Aviation still uses leaded fuel and we KNOW how bad it is.
           | But the economic consequence of fully eliminating it is still
           | too great. Literally the one chemical that we know with
           | certainty that there is no safe level of exposure to, is
           | still getting distributed through the air all day every day.
           | 
           | It's funny to me the way Prop65 turned out in some ways. When
           | people were told just how bad absolutely everything is,
           | people actually care less. And now the same thing is
           | happening across the EU in a broad range of categories.
           | Everything has at least 3 or 4 warnings on it. Most people
           | just ignore them completely or look for a product with no
           | warnings--which is probably just lying.
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | > Truth is, particularly the US, the only thing we really test
         | consumer products for is lead and mercury.
         | 
         | We don't even do that very well, for example see all the heavy
         | metals that have been allowed (and are still allowed) in baby
         | food.
        
       | moistofreason wrote:
       | This is a pretty fascinating interview about a theory of why it's
       | happening:
       | https://open.spotify.com/episode/6pLW2tMx4Kw5qaeAcxj0Lj
        
       | symlinkk wrote:
       | No, you can't reproduce or buy a house or find a wife or eat
       | nutritious food. But you can get AirPods and Taco Bell delivered
       | to your doorstep in a few hours! Isn't modern society amazing?
       | All of the necessities are impossible, all of the optional things
       | are easy!
        
       | acco102 wrote:
       | Watch Jesse Ventura - Bilderberg group (42m 54s). at about 31
       | minutes of the video there is the best info
       | 
       | https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/1775c/jesse_ventura_bilderber...
       | 
       | about 91% people will be sterile in 2030.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | matthewdgreen wrote:
       | Article without annoying pay popup: https://archive.ph/AfzEs
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | simonswords82 wrote:
       | Is this not a net positive thing given that the world just hit
       | 8bn people and is clearly overpopulated?
        
         | gabablocks wrote:
         | ok scrooge
        
         | moistofreason wrote:
         | Given trends in birth rate and fertility, we are much more
         | likely to have an under-population / geriatric population
         | problem than an overpopulation problem.
        
       | PartiallyTyped wrote:
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | You mean, reality itself? Does the next moment in time consent
         | to the current one? I don't think we should annihilate
         | ourselves because you can't reconcile it with your clinging to
         | the idea of consent
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | I referred to the pyramid scheme that we have designed, where
           | people have children and said children work to fund the
           | retirement and pension of old people.
           | 
           | Old people could just accept their death, and pass away
           | peacefully instead of burdening the society with their
           | existence while actively causing harm to younger generations
           | with votes on matters whose consequences they will not
           | experience.
        
         | Analog24 wrote:
         | What system would that be? This seems like pure speculation to
         | me so could you elaborate a bit more?
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | Personally I am very fond of voluntary human extinction.
           | 
           | If we give up on withering away, and instead learn to accept
           | death with some dignity instead of becoming a parasite to our
           | offspring, euthanasia is a good way to go.
           | 
           | The fact that the older, non productive population will be
           | more than the productive population in the not so distant
           | future suggests that we need to rethink the way we go about
           | doing things.
           | 
           | If life expectancy moves past 100, and people retire at
           | 60-65, society will need to feed and take care of people for
           | 35 or so years, that is far far more than the time and money
           | it invests on its children, for a much larger segment of the
           | population, which suggests that the old exploit the young.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | bowsamic wrote:
           | It just sounds like straightforward anti-
           | natalism/extinctionism to me. My wife has a similar mindset
        
             | Analog24 wrote:
             | Yes you're right, I completely misinterpreted their comment
             | when I read it this morning.
        
         | ghiculescu wrote:
        
           | biohax2015 wrote:
           | What kind of weird-ass response is this?
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | Already have.
           | 
           | As a young adult, I am asked to reconcile paying and working
           | for old people, most of whom despise my very existence
           | because I am not cis-het, people who repeatedly called for my
           | death, people who go on twitter tirades about how LGBT people
           | shouldn't exist and in the process making a their base of
           | borderline functioning adults more rabid, my taxes and work
           | pay so that said rabid animals have healthcare while they
           | vote to deny mine.
           | 
           | I have to fund the pension of people who tried to
           | indoctrinate me into their religion by instilling fear into a
           | younger me, telling me that I will go to hell every single
           | day for being a non believer, or for being different.
           | 
           | With all due respect, humanity is a steaming pile of garbage.
        
             | shrimp_emoji wrote:
             | > _I have to fund the pension of people who tried to
             | indoctrinate me into their religion by instilling fear into
             | a younger me, telling me that I will go to hell every
             | single day for being a non believer, or for being
             | different._
             | 
             | And remember when they said we can't listen to cool music
             | like https://youtu.be/VVzod3oTyhk
             | 
             | Never forget who ur enemies are `3'
        
           | aaomidi wrote:
           | Why not?
        
       | bvhvhfcgxfdf wrote:
       | I wonder how much of it has to do with COVID. It's been well
       | known even asymptotic COVID cases can harm mens' reproductive
       | health.
        
         | xienze wrote:
         | This has been happening for decades.
        
         | Arete314159 wrote:
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35778273/
        
         | AdrianB1 wrote:
         | Most probably nothing to with Covid as the measurements started
         | 40 years ago and the decrease was present all these years.
        
       | Knufen wrote:
       | I did my Master Degree in Organic Chemistry where we tried to
       | develop a male contraceptive pill. I spend a lot of time studying
       | sperm so here is a short list of thing to avoid regarding sperm
       | quality (not ranked):
       | 
       | 1. Eating and drinking from plastics (This includes aluminum cans
       | which are plastic lined) [a]
       | 
       | 2. Heating food in ANY type of plastic [a]
       | 
       | 3. Caffein intake [b]
       | 
       | 4. Sugar intake [c]
       | 
       | 5. NOT exercising regularly [d]
       | 
       | 6. Alcohol [e]
       | 
       | 7. Age [f]
       | 
       | 8. Stress [g]
       | 
       | 9. Soy products or other natural products containing
       | phytoestrogens [h]
       | 
       | I edited the comment to add point 8 and 9.
       | 
       | Funnily enough these goes for both genders regarding fertility.
       | If you are considering having a child, it takes approximately 7
       | months for sperm to fully develop so better to change lifestyle
       | sooner rather than later.
       | 
       | a. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3222987 b.
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5482951/ c.
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35606632/ d.
       | https://rep.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/rep/153/2/157.x...
       | e. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28029592/ f.
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253726/ g.
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6260894/ h.
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18650557/
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | > Funnily enough these goes for both genders
         | 
         | So eating and drinking from plastics lowers sperm quality in
         | women too?
        
           | Knufen wrote:
           | No, but it does affect fertility, as well as various cancers.
           | Breast cancer:
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7286136/,
           | cervical cancer:
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801991/ and
           | fertility:
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5479690/
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _1. Eating and drinking from plastics (This includes aluminum
         | cans which are plastic lined) [a]_
         | 
         | So drinking containers should generally be ceramic, glass, or
         | stainless steel?
        
           | yamtaddle wrote:
           | I'd want to know that drinks aren't full of that stuff
           | regardless of the end-user container material, before
           | worrying about it. They're surely exposed to tons of plastics
           | in the manufacturing process, including at times when various
           | components are heated.
           | 
           | Even water supplies in a house will typically have been in
           | contact with plastics--at the treatment plant, in the house
           | for any modern house (they're pretty much all PEX now, since
           | it's stupid-easy and fast to install, which means it's very
           | cheap), in the hot water heater if they're any hot water
           | mixed in (ever start with a hot tap for water you're gonna
           | boil?), if you've got a filter system that's almost certainly
           | full of plastic, and so on.
           | 
           | You'd also have to avoid canned goods of all kinds, not just
           | bottled/canned drinks. Store-bought canned foods have plastic
           | liners, which all but completely solved problems with canned-
           | good spoilage that we used to have, but does mean ~all canned
           | goods are sitting in plastic, not metal, effectively. Glass-
           | canned might be better but are usually more expensive and
           | there's still plastic on the inside of the lids (how much
           | that matters, I do not know--I'd expect very little, but
           | sometimes these things are surprising, for all I know those
           | inside-the-lids bits use exceptionally awful plastic or
           | something).
        
             | agentwiggles wrote:
             | > ever start with a hot tap for water you're gonna boil?
             | 
             | I've been told I shouldn't do this, so I don't, but I
             | always feel like a rube waiting for a big pot of pasta
             | water to boil from cold when I know I could have just used
             | my giant tank of heated water and save 10 minutes of
             | waiting...
        
               | sitharus wrote:
               | That's due to old-fashioned plumbing. Wayyy back in the
               | day when water networks were fairly new they often
               | couldn't provide the water pressure we have now,
               | especially in hilly areas. It was fine for cold water,
               | but not enough to pressurise a hot water tank.
               | 
               | The solution was a header tank in the attic. This stored
               | water from the supply and fed it down to the hot water
               | cylinder, providing some pressure.
               | 
               | The problem is the header tanks weren't a sealed system
               | so animals could make their way in. In particular when
               | using rodent control poison as this makes them seek
               | water. Generally it'd be noticed pretty quickly, but not
               | immediately.
               | 
               | So the hot water was generally safe for washing but
               | shouldn't be used for drinking or cooking.
               | 
               | With modern closed systems (from the 70s onwards really)
               | this isn't an issue.
        
               | coolspot wrote:
               | Where I am from we are having centrally-heated water, so
               | we were told that hot tap water has anti-scaling
               | chemicals unlike cold tap water which has only excessive
               | chlorine.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | Yeah, I don't either, but I'd be surprised if _most_
               | people don 't use the hot tap for stovetop-bound water.
        
               | anikom15 wrote:
               | There's always a chance that there's a dead animal in
               | your water heater
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | I mean.....I don't know about elsewhere, but here in UK
               | you just have a combi boiler, there's no storage.
        
               | bmicraft wrote:
               | No, my water runs through a heat exchanger
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | I'm torn between wanting more information, and preferring
               | to live in blissful ignorance.
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | In old houses if you had a hot water storage tank in the
               | attic it was usually just covered with styrofoam or a
               | metal or wooden slab, it wasn't uncommon for an
               | occasional insect or yes, a small rodent to fall in and
               | die in there. It's one of the reasons why most houses in
               | the UK had separate cold and hot water taps - cold water
               | was considered safe to drink, hot not so much.
               | 
               | Nowadays if you have a hot water cylinder it's impossible
               | for anything to get in there(although there is still a
               | chance of bacteria growing inside the tank, but any
               | modern cylinder will periodically heat itself to very
               | high temperature to kill any pathogens)
        
               | myshpa wrote:
               | I think it's because of the bacteria living in hot water,
               | and some toxins are resistant to boiling.
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | > ever start with a hot tap for water you're gonna boil?
             | 
             | Depending on your system this might have no impact, my hot
             | and cold water come from the same place and the hot water
             | is heated 1m away from my sink by an electrical heater
        
           | mauvehaus wrote:
           | Or titanium[0]. Neat fact about anodizing titanium: the
           | colors are the result of the thickness of the resulting oxide
           | layer and how it refracts different wavelengths of light[1].
           | 
           | [0] https://www.snowpeak.com/collections/drinkware/products/t
           | ita... There are many. This is my favorite.
           | 
           | [1] https://chemistrytalk.org/titanium-anodizing/
        
           | Knufen wrote:
           | Generally yes. Beware of drinking bottles made from stainless
           | steel. A lot of them are lined with plastic to avoid the
           | metallic taste.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | Or leather water bottles as well.
        
             | floren wrote:
             | Do you know of any that don't have a liner of some sort?
             | I'd be interested in trying one but wouldn't know where to
             | get one.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | I think Viking Dragon makes some handmade ones. Being
               | handmade they are not cheap, but I wouldn't call them too
               | expensive either.
        
         | irusensei wrote:
         | > here is a short list of thing to avoid
         | 
         | > 7. Age [f]
         | 
         | wait wat
        
           | agilob wrote:
           | Find a younger partner?
        
           | nzealand wrote:
           | Age is also best avoided as it is the number one cause of
           | bodily deterioration, disease and death.
        
             | mauvehaus wrote:
             | Perhaps, but as death almost certainly assures a sperm
             | count of zero (and some weird looks if you try collecting a
             | sample), aging is probably preferable if you're trying to
             | reproduce.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Dammit, I wish I knew that _before_ I started aging!
        
           | simonsarris wrote:
           | "Avoid waiting (delaying) key life things you know you want"
           | is actually great advice that even very smart people seem to
           | fail to consider.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Yes. In terms of best outcomes, you should have kids in
             | your early 20s. Gametes are at their best, mother's body is
             | young but fully developed and has the best chance at
             | carrying the pregnancy to term without complications.
             | 
             | Financially, or in terms of career and other life goals,
             | are other matters.
        
           | majkinetor wrote:
           | Technically, you can easily avoid age :)
        
             | irusensei wrote:
             | Oh that went dark really fast lol
        
         | citizenpaul wrote:
         | >it takes approximately 7 months for sperm to fully develop
         | 
         | Can you explain this more? I was under the impression it took
         | something like 60days for sperm to generate in the body.
        
           | mclightning wrote:
        
         | agilob wrote:
         | Let's not forget how many people were born thanks to alcohol
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Alcohol now working overtime to somewhat re-address the
           | balance.
        
         | concinds wrote:
         | "Sugar" doesn' seem to include fruits, thankfully.
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29266782/
        
           | mikenew wrote:
           | From what I understand, there is somewhat of a threshold in
           | terms of how much fructose can be digested in your gut vs
           | requiring your liver to get involved. It depends on a lot of
           | factors (body size obviously, your overall calorie intake,
           | some genetic factors, etc), but in general of you're only
           | consuming a few grams of fructose and it's buffered by fiber,
           | you're probably not exceeding that threshold. Fruit fits that
           | bill, unless you're being weird and consuming a whole lot of
           | sugary fruit.
           | 
           | There's a very good interview on the topic here:
           | https://youtu.be/V02z9mqTWzg
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | There is no real difference between eating food to which
           | refined sugar has been added and eating sweet fruits. The
           | sugar is not bound to anything and it is released in the
           | fruit juice when the fruit is chewed, so it is not digested
           | more slowly than when eating a sweetened cake with the same
           | proportion of sugar (but the cakes are frequently made much
           | sweeter than the fresh fruits).
           | 
           | The great danger that has been created by the availability of
           | cheap refined sugar and similar sweeteners, like HFCS, is
           | that it has become extremely easy to create food that has an
           | unnaturally high concentration of sugar or fructose and that
           | it has become extremely easy to eat an excessive amount of
           | sugar per day.
           | 
           | Most cultivated fruits contain around 10% sugar, while a few
           | are sweeter than that, with up to around 16% sugar, like
           | grapes, fresh figs or fresh dates.
           | 
           | When eating only fresh fruits or defrozen fruits, it is
           | unlikely to eat too much sugar, but it is still possible.
           | 
           | It is recommended that the daily intake of sugar should not
           | exceed around 50 g (i.e. around 25 g fructose).
           | 
           | That corresponds to around 300 g of grapes, or around 500 g
           | of apples or pears or blueberries (or most other fruits), so
           | eating amounts less or equal with these every day should be
           | safe.
           | 
           | On the other hand, a single chocolate might contain over 60 g
           | of sugar. Most industrially-made food, including juices or
           | yogurts or breakfast cereals, contains excessive amounts of
           | sugar, so many people eat daily 100 to 200 g of sugar, or
           | even more, without being aware of this.
           | 
           | When eating dried fruits or honey, it is also possible to eat
           | too much sugar without a lot of effort, e.g. around 80 g of
           | most dried fruits is enough to provide the maximum
           | recommended daily intake of sugar.
        
           | majkinetor wrote:
           | Yeah, right... Totally believable.
        
         | sc90 wrote:
         | In an episode of Succession, Logan was drinking a smoothie that
         | contained Maca Root, Almonds, and Walnuts apparently to boost
         | his Sperm count/chances of having a kid according to Willa.
         | Your list is more of "Dont's". Are there "Dos", based on diet
         | or certain foods that increase the count significantly?
        
         | ipdashc wrote:
         | I think I'm missing something. On the Results in study [b],
         | they say
         | 
         | > Semen parameters did not seem affected by caffeine intake, at
         | least caffeine from coffee, tea and cocoa drinks, in most
         | studies. Conversely, other contributions suggested a negative
         | effect of cola-containing beverages and caffeine-containing
         | soft drinks on semen volume, count and concentration.
         | 
         | If tea and coffee don't cause an effect, but cola and soft
         | drinks do, doesn't that imply it's sugar, not caffeine?
        
           | ljf wrote:
           | Or drinks stored in plastic bottles or plastic lined cans? Vs
           | tea/coffee brewed and served in metal/ceramic vessels?
        
           | Knufen wrote:
           | There is an ongoing discussion on the effect of caffein on
           | sperm quality. There are articles which describes a possible
           | route for DNA damage to the sperm from caffein
           | https://www.cureus.com/articles/109365-effect-of-stress-
           | and-.... From personal (lab) experience there is a clear
           | difference to the smell of sperm from a coffee to a non
           | coffee drinker, so it ends up there somehow. Whether it truly
           | has an effect is still being discussed.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | What about pineapples?
        
             | Tagbert wrote:
             | Caffeine has no smell so what you are detecting is some
             | other component or effect on the semen taste. Many things
             | can affect the taste of semen.
        
               | calmdownpeople wrote:
               | He said smell not taste! At least I hope he wasn't
               | tasting the lab samples.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | Just the semen.
        
               | e12e wrote:
               | He didn't specify difference between de-caf coffee vs
               | regular - only coffee vs non-coffee - so might be
               | something other than caffeine that effects smell?
        
           | et-al wrote:
           | Could be correlated to issue 1 with plastic containers. In
           | the US, soda generally comes in aluminum cans or 2L plastic
           | bottles, whereas coffee and tea aren't.
           | 
           | Anyways, I still think sedentary lifestyles and stress play a
           | larger role than plastics, but those are harder to isolate
           | and control for researchers.
        
             | gabea wrote:
             | Aluminum soda cans are actually lined with plastic. So
             | either way you are going to be consuming soda from plastic.
             | 
             | See this link ->
             | https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-viral-
             | video-r...
             | 
             | And this one about BPA which is quite cringeworthy from
             | Coca-Cola -> https://www.coca-cola.ca/faqs/coca-cola-faqs-
             | health/do-coca-...
        
           | pdpi wrote:
           | Well, the two sentences following your quote read:
           | 
           | > 2. As regards sperm DNA defects, caffeine intake seemed
           | associated with aneuploidy and DNA breaks, but not with other
           | markers of DNA damage > 3. Finally, male coffee drinking was
           | associated to prolonged time to pregnancy in some, but not
           | all, studies.
           | 
           | And then goes on to conclude:
           | 
           | > The literature suggests that caffeine intake, possibly
           | through sperm DNA damage, may negatively affect male
           | reproductive function.
           | 
           | The whole abstract points at weak/inconclusive results, but
           | we're definitely talking about caffeine here, not sugar.
        
         | thedorkknight wrote:
         | >short list of thing to avoid
         | 
         | >7. Age
         | 
         | I find this to be the hardest one to avoid!
        
         | addingadimensio wrote:
         | Careful -- saying that plastic is turning the frogs gay is a
         | dangerous right wing conspiracy theory
        
           | Knufen wrote:
           | Though it is a funny Alex Jones quote there might actually be
           | some meat to it.
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122794/
        
           | kccoder wrote:
           | Is lower sperm count correlated with a change in sexual
           | orientation?
        
           | creaturemachine wrote:
           | I thought that was the goblins' doing.
        
           | asguy wrote:
           | The Alex Jones motto: Even a stopped clock is right twice a
           | day.
        
             | MarcoZavala wrote:
        
         | grammers wrote:
         | This more or less reads like any health instruction (except for
         | the soy products). Would you have a quantity as to how one can
         | change plastic intake by following these recommendations? How
         | strict does one need to be? - I mean basically everything you
         | buy is wrapped in plastic...
        
         | siglesias wrote:
         | I cannot recommend highly enough having a set of glass
         | bottles[1] at home. Fill them at the tap (or wherever),
         | refrigerate them, take them to the gym, in the car, serve to
         | guests. Point is to have many, keep a rotation going. Has
         | greatly reduced reliance on plastic.
         | 
         | 1) https://amzn.to/3H2YadV
        
           | Bud wrote:
        
           | zhynn wrote:
           | You can often buy milk at a coop in a glass bottle which can
           | then be reused. Most of our beverage consumption is out of
           | re-used milk bottles. :)
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | In my state it is illegal to use a glass milk bottle for
             | anything other than milk from the dairy that the bottle is
             | from. The law is from many years ago, and so there are a
             | lot old bottles from now-defunct dairies that legally
             | cannot be used even though everyone does.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Gyms often ban glass bottles because of the hazard they
           | create when dropped/shattered.
           | 
           | I personally use a hard (i.e. not squeezable) plastic bottle,
           | that I fill with cold/cool water just before use. As long as
           | the water has not been sitting in the bottle for days or in
           | the sun or in a hot car, etc. I don't think there is enough
           | potential chemical leeching to worry about.
        
         | Conscat wrote:
         | I'm not sure you have any credibility considering point 9.
        
         | dj_mc_merlin wrote:
         | I might as well stop using condoms.
        
           | themagician wrote:
           | Switch to PS5 + Mountain Dew. 30 minutes before sex,
           | microwave a cookie in tupperware and drink a beer. For added
           | protection, download the critically acclaimed MMORPG Final
           | Fantasy XIV. With an expanded free trial which you can play
           | through the entirety of A Realm Reborn and the award winning
           | Heavensward expansion up to level 60 for free with no
           | restrictions on playtime.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | Can't get a PS5. Does a Nintendo switch also do the job?
        
               | themagician wrote:
               | Unfortunately, the Switch is only about 90% effective in
               | preventing unwanted pregnancy. PS5 is 98%.
        
               | ghostbrainalpha wrote:
               | I found the Switch to be highly effective as preventing
               | pregnancy if you keep it in handheld mode and bring it to
               | bed with you.
               | 
               | When partner attempts romantic activity, tell them you
               | need 5 more minutes of Pokemon and the problem is solved
               | completely.
        
               | themagician wrote:
               | Ah, the famous "pull out" method. Pull out the Switch
               | right as you get into bed.
        
           | danuker wrote:
           | I suppose it's a good idea, if you're trying to conceive :)
        
             | glitchc wrote:
             | He's become.. Inconceivable.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | You keep using that word, I think it means what we think
               | it means.
        
         | colordrops wrote:
         | With all of these it's a matter of quantity. For instance,
         | bullet point 9 about soy makes me question this list. It turns
         | out that phytoestrogens are much less potent than real
         | estrogen, and the only people that were found to have
         | measurable effects from soy was through a study of older men
         | that ate massive amounts of soy every day in Japan. There is
         | real estrogen in cow's milk, which would have a much stronger
         | effect than soy, yet no one speaks about this. Hops in beer
         | also has more phytoestrogens than soy.
        
           | steve_adams_86 wrote:
           | Yes, the data around soy is incredibly underwhelming. A plant
           | like hops does contain more, and more potent, phytoestrogens
           | which many people consume more often than they consume soy.
           | As you mention, milk contains mammalian estrogen which
           | research indicates has notable impact on women's health in
           | particular (earlier onset of puberty, higher breast and
           | ovarian cancer risk, etc).
           | 
           | Soy seems to fall well within the parameters of "this is
           | fine", but people readily take any example of it effecting
           | our physiology as evidence of it being harmful. In reality,
           | the evidence of it promoting health overall is extensive and
           | strong.
           | 
           | It could be a component of a plant-based diet for example,
           | which is shown to lead to lower BMI (great for sperm and
           | overall health outcomes). It may reduce sperm concentration
           | to a small degree in large volumes, but the chances are good
           | (statistically speaking) that swapping out something worse in
           | your diet for soy would be a net positive.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | Anecdotally I know someone that had their ovaries removed as
           | a child and did not know because their high soy diet provided
           | enough estrogen that they had regular menstruation
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Does estrogen in food even enter the blood?
        
             | colordrops wrote:
             | It's sold in pill form so I assume so?
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Lookup drug delivery systems. Getting something reliably
               | in the blood stream is not trivial.
        
               | ruined wrote:
               | the pills are designed to be taken sublingually, not
               | swallowed. first pass metabolism destroys most of it.
        
               | lilyball wrote:
               | They're actually not, they're prescribed orally, a lot of
               | people take them sublingually anyway because it's more
               | effective.
        
               | teg4n_ wrote:
               | Sure some gets through when ingested, however you
               | typically have the pill dissolve under your tongue for
               | significantly better absorption.
        
             | sitharus wrote:
             | It does, but like everything absorbed through the digestive
             | system it gets extensive first-pass metabolism through the
             | liver before entering the rest of the circulatory system.
             | 
             | Oral estrogen comes in 2mg tablets, but this results a few
             | in ug of estrogen circulating. Estrogen also comes in
             | transdermal patches where one 100ug patch will last three
             | days for approximately the same dose as 4mg of oral
             | ostrogen daily.
        
             | myshpa wrote:
             | "Estrogens are also contained in meat and eggs, but the
             | major sources are milk and dairy products. By drinking a
             | glass of milk, a child's intake of estradiol is 4000 times
             | the intake of xenoestrogens, in terms of hormone activity.
             | See, modern genetically-improved dairy cows can lactate
             | throughout their pregnancy; the problem is that that's when
             | the estrogen levels can jump as much as 30-fold.
             | 
             | Though cheese intake has been associated with lower sperm
             | concentration, dairy food intake has also been associated
             | with abnormal sperm shape and movement, so this suggests
             | that dairy intake may be implicated in direct testicular
             | damage, and not just a potential suppression of sperm
             | production due to the estrogen."
             | 
             | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/dairy-estrogen-and-male-
             | fer...
             | 
             | "Estrogen hormones can be thousands of times more
             | estrogenic than typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
             | Dietary exposure to natural sex steroids (in meat, dairy,
             | and eggs) is "therefore highly relevant in the discussion
             | of the impact of estrogens on human development and
             | health." And chicken estrogen is identical to human
             | estrogen--they're the same molecule."
             | 
             | https://nutritionfacts.org/2016/09/13/estrogen-animal-
             | produc...
             | 
             | "Foods of animal origin in general naturally contain
             | hormones, but cow's milk may be of particular concern. The
             | hormones naturally found in even organic cow's milk may be
             | playing a role in the studies that found a relationship
             | between milk and dairy products with human illnesses, such
             | as teenagers' acne; prostate, breast, ovarian, and uterine
             | cancers, many chronic diseases that are common in Western
             | societies, as well as male reproductive disorders. Milk
             | consumption has even been associated with an increased risk
             | of early puberty in girls, and endometrial cancer in
             | postmenopausal women, but hormonal levels in food could be
             | particularly dangerous in the case of vulnerable
             | populations, such as young children or pregnant women. "
             | 
             | "Pregnant cows excrete significantly higher levels of sex
             | steroids into their milk than non-pregnant cows. The
             | subsequent consumption of such dairy products may mean an
             | unnecessary risk, but one that could be easily avoided. But
             | it's not just dairy. Although dairy products are an
             | important source of hormones, other products of animal
             | origin must be considered as well.
             | 
             | All edible tissues of animal origin contain estrogen. This
             | may explain why, in a study of over a thousand women eating
             | plant-based diets, vegan women have a twinning rate that is
             | one fifth that of vegetarians and omnivores."
             | 
             | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/why-do-vegan-women-
             | have-5x-...
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | 10g1k wrote:
         | Agree 100%. I don't eat foods with added processed sugars. I
         | treat sugar like a spice, just throw a pinch in with a few
         | recipes. Sugar is in just about everything in the supermarkets,
         | and is screwing up the entire population.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | Growing up we never microwaved food in tupperware, but we do it
         | daily now. None of me or my siblings (8 of us) had any sort of
         | mental issues (and it wasn't a matter of not being diagnosed),
         | but all of our children have so many mental issues (depression,
         | anxiety, pulling hair out, ADHD, etc.) that we have asked each
         | other if it could possibly be something in the environment -
         | even though all of us live in different states/cities. Maybe we
         | all reheat food in tuperware and eat/drink from plastics.
        
         | rafaelero wrote:
         | What a list like this misses is some sense of proportionality.
         | We don't need to stress over everything that causes
         | fluctuations on sperm count. The science is not there yet, but
         | personally I am going to bet >50% of the reason for decreased
         | sperms count is because of high protein diets (which correlate
         | to lower testosterone) and high BMI.
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | Amazing! Thanks for the well-researched info. I did not know
         | aluminum cans were lined. I thought the oxide layer is stable
         | enough.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | I think they just spray them with a thin layer of epoxy,
           | otherwise certain drinks get a metallic taste?
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | The acid in carbonation will eat the oxide layer, so soft
           | drink cans get a thin plastic lining. Alcohol cans often are
           | not lined.
        
         | commandlinefan wrote:
         | > list of thing to avoid > ... > 7. Age
         | 
         | Well, I'm trying my best...
        
         | TurkishPoptart wrote:
         | >1. Eating and drinking from plastics (This includes aluminum
         | cans which are plastic lined) [a]
         | 
         | How do we avoid this? So no Costco plastic water bottles, ever.
        
         | lr4444lr wrote:
         | Comments like this from commenters like this are why I love HN.
         | 
         | Does BPA-free plastic improve anything? What about containers
         | of non-prepared food? I can see not eating directly from any,
         | but I think it's pretty hard in the developed world to rid
         | ourselves of plastics entirely in the storage of foodstuffs.
         | 
         | Also, do we know whether the changes in sperm quality you
         | mention affect congenital childhood maladies? (I realize this
         | is probably beyond your field somewhat.)
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | > What about containers of non-prepared food?
           | 
           | Wait until you learn about ink contamination from food nets
           | and cardboard boxes.
        
           | Scaevolus wrote:
           | BPA is merely one of _many_ endocrine disrupting chemicals
           | found in plastics. Oftentimes BPA is replaced by BPS or BPF
           | to get that coveted  "BPA-free!" label, ignoring the fact
           | that the replacements are JUST AS BAD^1. It's a minefield.
           | 
           | Silicone tends to not have endocrine disruptors because it
           | doesn't need plasticizers.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4492270/
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | Knufen wrote:
           | All plastics are endocrine disruptors [a], though the an easy
           | filter is softer = worse. If anything food related is in
           | contact with plastic there will be plastic in the food. The
           | pH and temperature of the food have a big impact on plastic
           | leaching.
           | 
           | And sperm quality mostly affect fertility. The egg and the
           | body if the woman is incredibly effective at selecting
           | quality sperm and rejecting bad sperm. There are multiple
           | guidance systems for sperm which selects for good quality
           | [b].
           | 
           | a. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/i
           | nd... b. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_guidance
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | Plastic is generally defined by its mechanical and thermal
             | properties and a dominance of polymers. There's are lots
             | and lots of different chemicals used as plastics today and
             | they have wildly different chemical properties. It seems
             | incredible to state that "all plastics" are endocrine
             | disruptors. Many plastics are essentially chemically inert
             | in a biological sense. In some ways DNA itself can be seen
             | as a plastic being a biopolymer if it were handled properly
             | and in enough quantity. As an uneducated layman my
             | intuition, and the links you provide, is that the additives
             | and monomers added to plastic to modulate their mechanical
             | and chemical behaviors are most likely to be the chemically
             | reactive part that can be disruptive to our biology. I
             | didn't find a reference to a single plastic in your
             | references. This applies to the leaching comment as well -
             | I suspect you mean ph and temp increase the leaching of the
             | additives from the plastic.
             | 
             | Am I right?
        
               | a1369209993 wrote:
               | > In some ways DNA itself can be seen as a plastic being
               | a biopolymer if it were handled properly and in enough
               | quantity.
               | 
               | To be fair, DNA _absolutely_ disrupts all kinds of
               | biological processes - that 's why viruses do anything,
               | for example. And random nonsense DNA that you'd see if
               | someone was using it as a plastic would probably uncover
               | new and exciting failure modes that existing biological
               | systems haven't had to deal with before because nothing
               | natural produces pure DNA in absurd enough quantities to
               | make plastic bottles out of.
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | Not really, no. For obvious reasons, genetic material is
               | _very_ hard to get into a cell. The immune /digestive
               | system fights it!
               | 
               | That's why mRNA (BioNTech & Moderna) and DNA (J&J)
               | vaccines took so long to develop!
        
               | a1369209993 wrote:
               | > For obvious reasons, genetic material is very hard to
               | get into a cell. The immune/digestive system fights it!
               | 
               | That's quite true, but it's true precisely _because_ it
               | 's horrifically disruptive. (And the immune system has
               | had more time to evolve protections against that
               | disruption than it has for previously unheard of
               | synthetic polymers.)
               | 
               | (Although to be clear, the new and exciting failure modes
               | _probably_ wouldn 't involve the synthetic DNA actually
               | getting inside of cells. (Sheer quantity _might_ be
               | sufficient to shove it 's way through a phospholipid
               | bilayer, but probably not.))
        
               | chordalkeyboard wrote:
               | plasticizers are a component of plastic, characterizing
               | one ingredient in plastic as an 'additive' in order to
               | shift the blame from plastic to plastic ingredients
               | doesn't change the basic fact that plastics are endocrine
               | disruptors because they leach plasticizer into food.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | Just because plasticizer has the word in its name doesn't
               | make it plastic. Nylon, PLA, PET, ABS, these are
               | plastics. As far as I can tell they are not endocrine
               | disruptors, and they are polymers - aka plastics. They
               | require no other "ingredients" and can be used in an
               | unadulterated form for many applications.
               | 
               | Phthalates are monomers (aka not plastics) that are added
               | to plastics to change physical properties of a plastic,
               | such as flexibility, durability, make them more
               | transparent, etc. They're in fact derived from alcohols
               | to my memory, and have no relationship to plastic. But
               | they are also called plasticizers because they make
               | plastics behave more "plastic" (in the adjective sense
               | not the chemical sense). They are also suspected of being
               | endocrine disruptors. But they're not "plastic
               | ingredients" - their use is optional and there exist
               | alternatives.
               | 
               | It is in fact an important distinction. There are other
               | plasticizers that are not biologically active that can be
               | used in place. Or, plasticizers don't need to be used at
               | all. Both of these options make the plastics benign.
               | 
               | It's an important distinction because plastic isn't the
               | problem at all, it's the regulatory framework around
               | plastic additives, none of which are strictly necessary
               | and there are almost always safer alternatives. Plus it's
               | important to distinguish because it's simply false to say
               | plastics are a an endocrine disruptor when they aren't,
               | even if it's convenient to get your point across.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | ABS is only partially a plastic.
               | 
               | You can't avoid a plasticizer and still use i.e. PVC for
               | the vast majority of its consumer use cases, which is
               | what you are alluding to (I think) but you also can't
               | just use the same molds and design with a different
               | plastic. Of something's designed for UV resistance, you
               | can't use the same design with an environmentally-
               | friendly plastic. Like, it would have to be designed to
               | be painted or metallized or something. At this point it's
               | a different product: the products as currently made must
               | be outlawed. No more aluminum cans with soda. No more
               | lightweight waterproof jackets.
        
               | klipt wrote:
               | Right but in the absence of regulation, I would treat
               | with suspicion e.g. fast food in any plastic container
               | (or waterproofed "paper" container which usually means a
               | plastic layer too).
               | 
               | I consider glass, stainless steel, and cast iron safe,
               | and try to avoid almost anything non stick or plastic for
               | cooking/food storage.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | In the absence of regulation I see no reason to believe
               | that metal is stainless steel, that glass is
               | unadulterated, or that iron doesn't have toxic metals
               | mixed in.
               | 
               | I would focus energy on advocating for regulation unless
               | you smelt your own metals.
               | 
               | Edit: I'd be much more afraid of heavy metals from low
               | quality steel, glass, and iron than modern plastic
               | additives. Food grade plastics are heavily regulated, but
               | metals and glass not really outside of a medical setting.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | PTFE (nonstick coating marketed under Teflon) is safe
               | unless you inhale a lot of its fumes by heating it to
               | over 500F. And by a lot I mean cases of fume fever show
               | up with people welding lots of ptfe. You are probably
               | thinking of Perfluorooctanoic acid, which is carcinogenic
               | but most exposure happens from fabric coatings. It was
               | banned in the US in 2013 and none of it is manufactured
               | or used in the US currently.
               | 
               | Which is an example of regulation of additives to
               | plastics. The plastic itself (PTFE) isn't the problem,
               | it's the additives.
               | 
               | I'd point out interestingly PTFE is what Goretex is made
               | out of. You heat PTFE then jerk it hard and it foams into
               | a fabric.
        
               | philipkglass wrote:
               | Not all plastics contain plasticizers, so I would say
               | that fnordpiglet is correct. For example, low density
               | polyethylene (commonly used for jugs holding milk and
               | water) is flexible without addition of any plasticizers.
               | For this reason it is also used in laboratory equipment
               | where plasticizer contamination would interfere with
               | experiments:
               | 
               |  _Low density polyethylene (LDPE) is a high molecular
               | weight polyolefin material. Like all polyolefins, LDPE is
               | nontoxic, non-contaminating and exhibits a high degree of
               | break resistance._
               | 
               |  _The polymerization of polyethylene results in an
               | essentially straight chain, high molecular weight
               | hydrocarbon. The polyethylenes are classified according
               | to the relative degree of branching (side chain
               | formation) in their molecular structures, which can be
               | controlled with selective catalysts. LDPE has more side
               | branching than HDPE resulting in a less-dense 3-D
               | structure. As a result, LDPE is naturally very flexible
               | without the addition of plasticizers and melts at a
               | relatively low temperature (85degC)._
               | 
               | https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/lab-
               | pla...
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | You should say I'm correct more often, then I can
               | reference that for my wife's benefit.
        
         | sizzle wrote:
         | 7 months?? I thought I read it was 120 days, anyone have a
         | reputable source?
        
         | UglyToad wrote:
         | Ah yes, that study of 99 (predominantly overweight) men from an
         | infertility clinic that definitely shows soy affects sperm
         | count.
         | 
         | As far as I'm aware the evidence just isn't there with respect
         | to soy and cherry picking the single study that shows some
         | potential link is just helping fuel a dietary myth, would be my
         | view.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Can you please make your substantive points without being
           | snarky? This is in the site guidelines:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
           | 
           | This is particularly important when correcting
           | misimpressions. If your comment is neutral, the neutral
           | reader can absorb the new information fairly easily. But if
           | you're hostile (as with " _ah yes, that, definitely that_ "),
           | then you're also signaling a pre-existing battle. The neutral
           | reader gets confused by these mixed signals and feels caught
           | in crossfire, which is not a state that's good for learning.
           | 
           | The upside of battle language is that it rallies any readers
           | who are already on your side, but this is not a good move in
           | the HN game. We want curious conversation here, not
           | escalating intensity or repetition of already hardened
           | positions. The value of curious conversation can perhaps be
           | measured by how much the participants, including the silent
           | readers, _move_ in the process.
        
             | justnotworthit wrote:
             | Of all the worthless, flame-inducing posts in hacker news
             | comments, "Ah yes, that study" is the example that need to
             | be highlighted?
        
               | dang wrote:
               | I've done that at least 40,000 times. This isn't a linear
               | ordering!
               | 
               | There are many principles, which we're discovering
               | together, around curious conversation. I went into this
               | one in detail because I think it's interesting.
               | 
               | Btw, if you see a post that ought to have been moderated
               | but hasn't been--for example, a "worthless, flame-
               | inducing" one--the likeliest explanation is that we
               | didn't see it. You can help by flagging it or emailing us
               | at hn@ycombinator.com.
        
               | Noumenon72 wrote:
               | It may be more educational to contest one that most
               | readers might not realize is problematic (I didn't bat an
               | eye) than one that is obviously flamebait.
        
             | UglyToad wrote:
             | Thanks for the reminder, while I might not agree on an
             | individual level where the line between calling out
             | misinformation and partisan-bad-faith-point-scoring lies I
             | think despite the repeated edits I was over the line here.
             | 
             | While it feels good to post, it doesn't really help the
             | quality of discussion.
        
           | Klonoar wrote:
           | Yeah, I feel like the soy myth has been disproven time and
           | time again but won't die already.
           | 
           | This and seed oils get hit with the exact same playbook, then
           | disregard significant chunks of the world that have zero
           | issues with them.
        
             | steve_adams_86 wrote:
             | I haven't found anything compelling about seed oils being
             | awful, but I haven't found anything indicating that we
             | should actually eat them, though. Have you?
             | 
             | I'm asking sincerely. It seems to me like they're better
             | than some alternatives if only to reduce saturated fat
             | intake, but generally speaking, if any refined fat is
             | avoided it's probably to your benefit.
             | 
             | I often wonder if people think seed oils are bad because
             | they eat way too much of it in general. Kind of like, if
             | you take a shot of windex every morning you shouldn't be
             | surprised when you become ill, but instead people expect it
             | to make them healthy (not actually comparing canola with
             | windex).
        
             | UglyToad wrote:
             | Yeah, like I get people maybe being wary of soy. There's a
             | lot of mistruths and half understood myths out there. In
             | addition to various contradictory findings from studies
             | [0].
             | 
             | But for a list speaking from a position of expertise it
             | felt quite jarring to see it included as a definitive
             | "don't" and made me wonder about the agenda of GP (soy with
             | respect to fertility is indelibly linked with the far-right
             | "soyboy" meme).
             | 
             | As a chemist the idea that phytoestrogens might have the
             | same impact as estrogen isn't completely buck-wild, but
             | also as a chemist I know that two isomers with the exact
             | same composition can have wildly different effects in the
             | human body. So I'd need to see a lot of solid evidence
             | before treating is as anything more than a myth spread by
             | misinterpreted studies of red-clover consumption in
             | Australian sheep from the 1940s.
             | 
             | [0]:
             | https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(10)00368-7/pdf
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | > But for a list speaking from a position of expertise it
               | felt quite jarring to see it included as a definitive
               | "don't" and made me wonder about the agenda of GP (soy
               | with respect to fertility is indelibly linked with the
               | far-right "soyboy" meme).
               | 
               | I can see why that would make you wonder. However, a few
               | years ago, the French TV did a take on soy and products
               | containing derivates [0] (French only, unfortunately). It
               | warned about possible effects on the endocrine system.
               | 
               | In relation to your point, there are two notable things:
               | 
               | 1. It focused mainly on effects in females (never heard
               | of a "soygirl" meme)
               | 
               | 2. French TV is _not_ affiliated with the alt-right (or
               | any right) in any way, shape, or form. It has a
               | reputation of being quite left-leaning. And that 's by
               | French standards.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/alimentation/pertur
               | bateurs...
        
           | 35amxn35 wrote:
           | Perhaps the correlation is the other way around. Men with
           | less testosterone (and therefore a lower sperm count) consume
           | more products with soy, which is common in a vegan diet. Not
           | saying this is the case, just pointing out where this could
           | be coming from.
        
             | fredrikholm wrote:
             | Are you implying that having low testosterone increases the
             | likelihood of you becoming vegan? I'm not following.
        
               | 35amxn35 wrote:
               | Yes, exactly.
        
               | steve_adams_86 wrote:
               | Is there evidence of this being true, or is it a hunch?
        
               | myshpa wrote:
               | "Vegan men tended to have significantly higher
               | testosterone levels than both vegetarians and meat-eaters
               | (see graph https://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-plant-
               | based-to-lower-ig...)"
               | 
               | https://nutritionfacts.org/2013/02/12/less-cancer-in-
               | vegan-m...
               | 
               | "You know, there are men who don't want to drink soy milk
               | because they have an irrational fear of phytoestrogens--
               | even though soy does not have feminizing effects on men.
               | Yet they're perfectly willing to drink cow's milk, which
               | has actual estrogen estrogens in it! Within one hour of
               | the milk hitting their intestines, estrogen levels go
               | significantly up, and testosterone levels go
               | significantly down."
               | 
               | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/dairy-sexual-precocity/
               | 
               | "If you take men on a high-protein diet--"meat, fish,
               | poultry, egg white[s]"--and switch them to a high-carb
               | diet of "bread, vegetables, fruit, and [sugary junk,]"
               | their cortisol levels drop about a quarter within ten
               | days. At the same time, their testosterone levels shoot
               | up by about the same amount. High-protein diets suppress
               | testosterone. That's why if you take men eating plant-
               | based diets, and have them start eating meat every day,
               | their testosterone levels go down, and actually some
               | estrogens go up.
               | 
               | That's why bodybuilders can get such low testosterone
               | levels. It's not the steroids they're taking. If you look
               | at natural bodybuilders, who don't use steroids, 75% drop
               | in testosterone levels in the months leading up to a
               | competition. Testosterone levels cut by more than half;
               | enough to drop a guy into an abnormally low range. It's
               | ironic that they're eating protein to look manly on the
               | outside, but it makes them less and less manly on the
               | inside. And, from an obesity standpoint, in general, a
               | drop in testosterone levels may increase the risk of
               | gaining weight--gaining body fat."
               | 
               | https://nutritionfacts.org/video/the-effect-of-animal-
               | protei...
        
               | fredrikholm wrote:
               | How did you arrive at that conclusion? The only studies I
               | could find show no such correlation[0][1].
               | 
               | I remember reading that vegans had higher levels of
               | testosterone when _not_ controlling for body weight, as
               | vegans tend to be less obese than non-vegans. Can 't find
               | the source, so pinch of salt here. Makes sense though.
               | 
               | 0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32468110/ 1. https://w
               | ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2374537/pdf/83-...
        
         | ceedan wrote:
         | ibuprofen and acetaminophen also affect quality, which are
         | daily medicines for some people with chronic pain.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Neither of these are safe for long-term daily use.
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | > acetaminophen
           | 
           | That's paracetamol for the rest of the world in case you were
           | confused like I was.
        
         | spacedcowboy wrote:
         | Avoiding age doesn't seem like a great plan for sperm viability
         | ... :)
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | Worth noting is that sperm concentration was the only notable
         | impact of soy consumption, leaving other measured aspects of
         | sperm health unaffected (notably sperm motility, a critical
         | factor in assessing sperm health).
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | EMFs????
         | 
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S230505001...
         | 
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041202...
        
         | grammers wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing, these studies are extremely interesting!
         | 
         | > Because we can identify existing, relatively inexpensive
         | monomers and additives that do not exhibit EA, even when
         | stressed, we believe that plastics having comparable physical
         | properties but that do not release chemicals having detectable
         | EA could be produced at minimal additional cost.
         | 
         | The only question that I have left: Why aren't we doing this
         | already???
        
         | Teknoman117 wrote:
         | 9. You just can't win can you?
         | 
         | Eat meat, increase risk of heart disease. Eat soy, decrease
         | fertility.
         | 
         | Life is weird to me. Humans have one of the longest lifespans
         | among mammals, yet we seem to start breaking down not all that
         | far into it. We don't tend to consider 35 "old", as we
         | regularly live 80+ years, and even if you consider the
         | "generally well functioning" span of your life to be your years
         | up to 60 or so, 35 is barely past half way.
         | 
         | Oh well.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Life is a known cause of death.
        
           | jahewson wrote:
           | The heart disease thing is probably bogus
           | https://bigthink.com/health/red-meat-cancer-not-health-risk/
        
           | brushfoot wrote:
           | The soy study is far from conclusive - it showed an inverse
           | association between soy intake and sperm concentration, but
           | mainly in "overweight and obese men," and "total sperm count,
           | ejaculate volume, sperm motility, [and] sperm morphology"
           | remained the same. NEJM Journal Watch stated the findings
           | were inconclusive and recommended against suggesting dietary
           | changes [0].
           | 
           | Either way, soy vs. meat is not the dichotomy it's sometimes
           | presented as in political narratives. You can eliminate both
           | and still have a huge number of healthy world foods to choose
           | from. The Mediterranean I had recently was delicious and soy
           | and meat free.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.jwatch.org/jw200808070000002/2008/08/07/do-
           | soy-f...
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | Half of the west eat and live as if they were attempting a
           | slow suicide. Take care of your body and you'll be healthy
           | well into your 60s, unless you're afflicted by outlier events
           | but you can't do anything about these, maximise what you can,
           | fate will do the rest
        
       | Inviz wrote:
       | I had a test recently and I have 0% "normal" sperms, when 4%-14%
       | is the normal range. Pretty radical. The doctor said to take
       | vitamins, to get testosterone to normal level, and to excercise.
       | In other words not much to do
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | andai wrote:
         | Am I reading this right that the average person has 86-96%
         | abnormal sperm?
        
           | fullstackchris wrote:
           | Also interested... seems insanely high
        
           | gjsman-1000 wrote:
           | If normal is 86-96% "abnormal," it would seem abnormal is
           | normal and normal is abnormal. ;)
        
             | delecti wrote:
             | English certainly has a bad habit of conflating good/bad
             | with common/uncommon.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | ...doesn't that mean that those ("abnormal" ones) are the
           | normal ones and the "normal" ones are the abnormal ones?
        
           | Inviz wrote:
           | That's what I gathered. The report had a set of different
           | potential abnormalities , by intersecting them all the number
           | gets kind of low. Here's a photo of the report if you're
           | curious https://imgur.com/a/LtG2KVb
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | Ah, that just sounds like "no one is average" and that
             | anecdote about pilots.
        
         | nscalf wrote:
         | That seems like quite a lot to do. What I get from that advice
         | is a recommendation to effectively change all of your
         | lifestyle.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | I'd argue TRT (to raise testosterone) is a pretty drastic
           | recommendation.
           | 
           | Not that it is bad or dangerous. It just points to the OP
           | being at the stage where their hormones needs to be
           | medicinally managed.
        
             | defgeneric wrote:
             | No doctor would ever recommend TRT for increasing sperm as
             | it literally shuts down sperm production (LH, FSH are near
             | zero on TRT).
        
             | nscalf wrote:
             | I'm not sure that's what they were recommended. If you fix
             | your diet, get to a healthy weight, and start weight
             | lifting, all of the research I've seen suggests that will
             | positively affect your free testosterone. That's what I
             | thought the doc meant given the surrounding advice, but I
             | could read their comment either way now that you've
             | mentioned TRT.
        
         | ddorian43 wrote:
         | > to get testosterone to normal level > In other words not much
         | to do
         | 
         | Isn't this contradicting? What were your test/free-test levels?
        
           | Inviz wrote:
           | Well, there's not much to do in a sense of a one weird trick.
           | No easy way out here. Mine was 290/190 at the age of 33. Not
           | zero, but a lot of people are alarmed way before reaching
           | that low
        
         | fahadkhan wrote:
         | > get testosterone to normal level
         | 
         | I'd be keen to what normal levels are and what you were
         | instructed to do to get them to normal levels?
        
         | bhouston wrote:
         | Your sperm does reset ever 75 days. Depending on the problem,
         | it may be fixable. Exercise and raising testosterone will have
         | a meaningful effect. Also check the various products you are
         | using for endocrine disruptors and also you can go organic in
         | terms of food (avoids pesticides, which are suspected of
         | playing a role.)
        
           | tomstokes wrote:
           | > Exercise and raising testosterone will have a meaningful
           | effect.
           | 
           | To be completely clear: _Taking_ testosterone will actually
           | worsen fertility. TRT will severely reduce fertility.
           | 
           | Lifestyle changes that improve testosterone (diet, exercise,
           | physical activity of any kind) are correlated with increased
           | fertility though.
        
           | Arete314159 wrote:
           | I am not a man, but this reminds me of a time years ago when
           | I started to have allergic reactions to things several times
           | a day. My allergist put me on a strict elimination diet of
           | triggers. I could only use unscented products for bathing and
           | laundry, organic food only, and I even had to get rid of my
           | teflon pans and use only stainless steel or cast iron. It
           | sucked but it did seem to help, maybe you could try something
           | like that too.
        
             | balaji1 wrote:
             | Is there any anecdotes or data about the impact of sitting
             | too much? And screen time?
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Well if you spend too much time sitting and don't reduce
               | your calorie intake to match, you get fat. Being fat
               | generally does bad things to your health, and one known
               | example of that is that being fat reduces your fertility.
        
             | guessbest wrote:
             | I got rid of my teflon, but I switched to galvanized
             | copper. Its easy to clean.
        
               | hartator wrote:
               | What's the brand you bought?
        
               | guessbest wrote:
               | I really didn't consider brand. I thought it would be
               | easy enough to determine a copper pan versus a teflon or
               | iron pan that branding wouldn't offer any advantages.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | I had some relatively severe allergic reactions to
             | (apparently) enzymes in laundry detergent, once we stopped
             | that it went away, and doesn't seem to come back even with
             | minor enzyme encounters.
        
           | jackmott42 wrote:
           | Organic foods still use pesticides, sometimes even chemically
           | identical ones to non organic, just sourced via allowed
           | methods.
        
         | dibt wrote:
         | > In other words not much to do
         | 
         | Do you believe you were already as healthy as can be? Those
         | seem like reasonable suggestions. If you were already very fit,
         | the doctor's suggestion might have been discouraging. If you
         | weren't, sounds like there's a lot that can be done.
         | 
         | A sedentary lifestyle with poor nutrition can have a big impact
         | on your health.
         | 
         | EDIT: unfit = zero resistance training, zero cardio, and more
         | "food products" than "real" food.
        
         | guessbest wrote:
         | Do you mean morphology? Supposedly, it can be improved using
         | the following:
         | 
         | > Research has not shown a clear relationship between abnormal
         | sperm shape and tobacco, alcohol, or caffeine use, though some
         | studies suggest that smoking can impair fertility.
         | 
         | https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/pati...
         | 
         | The vitamins suggested are Vitamin C and L-Carnitine, correct?
        
         | eddsh1994 wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing, I think I'll check myself too now.
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | _> to get testosterone to normal level,_
         | 
         | How does one do that exactly?
        
           | HideousKojima wrote:
           | Lose weight, eat less sugar, be more physically active/work
           | out, and avoid endocrine disruptors like xenoestrogens. The
           | last one is probably the hardest to do since a lot of
           | plastics etc. contain them.
        
             | andai wrote:
             | Getting plenty of deep sleep is crucial too. Sleep
             | deprivation is murder on test levels.
        
             | someweirdperson wrote:
             | Temperature, too. Production is external to provide a lower
             | than body temperature habitat. Wrong clothes and seat
             | heating are a bad idea.
        
           | swarnie wrote:
           | Less soy?
        
             | HuShifang wrote:
             | No, you'd need to be chugging multiple jugs of soy milk a
             | day for that to (maybe) matter. Better would be to lift,
             | eat better, sleep, etc.
        
               | danielschonfeld wrote:
               | You'll be surprised. Some vegan friendly foods which are
               | delicious are packed with more than 1x your daily value
               | in a single serving. So if you eat two a day for instance
               | the levels of estrogen you're pumping in are quite
               | significant and very very easy to do.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | It seems that at least in rabbits[1] a diet consisting of
               | nothing but soybeans had no effect on fertility.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii
               | /S07397...
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | Am I reading this right? The soy diet decreased libido,
               | sperm concentration, and testosterone, but the soy diet
               | increased sperm quality?
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | That seems to be the case. Hard to know what to make of
               | it other than to say that at least for rabbits soy isn't
               | hurting fertility.
        
               | eddsh1994 wrote:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33383165/
        
           | xeromal wrote:
           | Use your body. A sedentary lifestyle and poor diet makes it
           | difficult on top of all the plastics that we consume.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | Lifting heavy objects seems to be the best way. Start where
           | you are at, or below. Lift every other day. Increasing should
           | be relatively easy in the beginning.
        
             | artursapek wrote:
             | Just have to remember to put them back down too
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | Thanks for the tip, I was wondering why I was getting
               | weird looks from people seeing me walk with the barbell
               | on the street.
               | 
               | Now I fee like a weight has been lifted off my shoulders.
        
               | WithinReason wrote:
               | Must have been a huge weight off your chest when you
               | stopped benchpressing
        
           | yourusername wrote:
           | There's several ways. Get enough sleep, eat healthy fats,
           | quit alcohol, lift weights, reduce body fat to a healthy
           | level (but not too much) increase vitamin/mineral intake if
           | you are deficient. Or go on TRT.
        
             | zerkten wrote:
             | Many TRT regimens are counter to healthy sperm. Drugs like
             | anastrozole or clomid are sometimes used along with HCG
             | depending on the circumstances.
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | HCG might have some risks as far as prions and Clomid
               | makes most people that need testosterone feel like crap.
               | It's a shame we don't have better options.
        
               | zerkten wrote:
               | It's a risk/reward situation. I hope we find better
               | options, but it seems like a really delicate situation.
               | The studies in this area always seem really small, but
               | the problem seems much bigger. I think people attribute
               | failure to the other partner to such a great extent that
               | people try for long enough that some healthy enough sperm
               | do their job. It takes people a long time to seek help
               | when it's really easy to check the sperm.
        
               | henryaj wrote:
               | Pretty sure all hCG these days is recombinant.
        
             | anotherman554 wrote:
             | My doctor says lifting weights doesn't increase
             | testosterone. It would be nice if it were true but it seems
             | to largely be a myth. (I believe testosterone goes up
             | slightly immediately after lifting weights but it has no
             | real impact as it shortly goes back down.)
        
               | jackmott42 wrote:
               | Yeah it is a true thing but the nuance is it is a very
               | short lived increase which has none of the effects people
               | imagine it will have.
        
               | jobs_throwaway wrote:
               | This study (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9660159/)
               | found long-term increases in testosterone in men from
               | lifting weights
        
               | anotherman554 wrote:
               | The study almost certainly was either poorly designed, a
               | statistical abnormality, doesn't show what you think it
               | does, and/or failed to replicate.
               | 
               | If it was valid for showing what you think it shows I
               | would think my doctor, a urologist who attends medical
               | conferences, would know about it.
               | 
               | What my urologist said is also backed up by a book for
               | laypeople I read on men's health written by a urologist
               | named Aaron Spitz called "The Penis Book". I just double
               | checked and it says "Contrary to popular belief, lifting
               | weights does not boost your testosterone in a meaningful
               | way."
               | 
               | While I am not a doctor it's my understanding people who
               | do this for a living know individual studies are
               | unreliable. Scott Alexander wrote on his blog "I think a
               | useful epistemic habit is to be very skeptical of
               | individual studies, and skeptical but not too skeptical
               | of large randomized trials, good meta-analyses, and
               | general medical consensus when supported by an evidence
               | base."
        
               | jobs_throwaway wrote:
               | do you have conflicting evidence, specific issues in this
               | study, or just 'trust me bro, my doctor told me so'?
        
               | anotherman554 wrote:
               | I didn't read the study because I only saw an abstract at
               | that link.
               | 
               | But frankly, I doubt it's worth my time to read the
               | study. Either you posted the study without having
               | reviewed the literature, in which case you don't appear
               | to be genuinely curious about this topic, or you linked
               | to the study _after_ reviewing the literature, in which
               | case you should already be familiar with the conflicting
               | evidence and shouldn 't be asking _me_ to present it.
        
           | AuryGlenz wrote:
           | People have mentioned other things and I believe Joe Rogan
           | mentioned this and got flack for it, but treating you
           | testicles to light therapy can actually do quite a bit.
           | 
           | Sunlight or LLLT both work, and the latter has several
           | studies showing it helps with sperm directly from what I
           | remember. I did it when we were trying to conceive.
        
           | Inviz wrote:
           | Healthy lifestyle and excercise... but I also got an
           | injection prescribed by the doctor as mine was very low
           | (below healthy range both regular and free test). She said
           | that I may have more will for physical excercise after that,
           | so it may help me to get to a point when I can maintain
           | proper levels myself.
        
           | rubiquity wrote:
           | Don't worry Chuck Norris, you have so much testosterone they
           | were thinking of renaming it after you.
        
           | the_third_wave wrote:
           | Eat more (raw? this is unclear from the studies) onions?
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6406961/#!po=9..
           | ..
           | 
           |  _Testosterone (17b-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is the main
           | sex hormone in males. Maintaining and enhancing testosterone
           | level in men is an incessant target for many researchers.
           | Examples of such research approaches is to utilize specific
           | types of food or dietary supplements as a safe and easily
           | reached means. Here, specifically, since 1967 until now, many
           | research studies have revealed the effect of onion on
           | testosterone; however, this link has yet to be collectively
           | reviewed or summarized. To accomplish this contribution, we
           | searched the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases for
           | full articles or abstracts (published in English language)
           | from April 1967 through December 2018 using the keywords
           | "onion" versus "testosterone". In addition, a number of
           | related published articles from the same databases were
           | included to improve the integrity of the discussion, and
           | hence the edge of the future directions. In summary, there is
           | an evidence that onions enhance testosterone level in males.
           | The mechanisms by which this occurs is mainly by increasing
           | the production of luteinizing hormone, enhancing the
           | antioxidant defense mechanism in the tests, neutralizing the
           | damaging effects of the generated free radicals, ameliorating
           | insulin resistance, promoting nitric oxide production, and
           | altering the activity of adenosine 5'-monophosphate
           | -activated protein kinase. However, this effect requires
           | further approval in humans, mainly by conducting clinical
           | trials. Keywords: onion, testosterone, luteinizing hormone,
           | oxidative stress, antioxidants_
        
           | zerkten wrote:
           | Get tested and find a course of action that aligns to your
           | goals. An endocrinologist, or urologist with specialization
           | in male infertility are critical in the context of the
           | original post (male-factor infertility.) Many TRT regimens
           | are not helpful for achieving healthy sperm and can impose
           | significant recovery times.
        
       | themusicgod1 wrote:
       | Sperm is not a limiting factor of anything, and even if it
       | plumets by 99% it _still_ won 't be a limiting factor of
       | anything.
       | 
       | Pornhub is living proof that the world overproduces sperm by - a
       | single, unpopular video probably wastes more sperm than would be
       | necessary to cause overpopulation
       | 
       | this is a nothingburger
        
       | bpanon wrote:
       | I wonder how the covid vaccines affected this
        
       | mattwest wrote:
       | What is greatest marginal effect associated with this decrease? I
       | see a lot of talk about plastics and endocrine disruptors. Maybe
       | they are linked. But let's be real here, bodyweight, shitty
       | diets, and little exercise are probably the main drivers.
        
       | bluecalm wrote:
       | It seems most comments in this thread are about microplastics.
       | What about the poison we breath every day that comes from exhaust
       | pipes of diesel engines as well as tires/brake pads? It's already
       | proven it's terrible for us in various ways. We already went
       | through smoking case which is very similar. There are more and
       | more cars and more and more health problems. It just seems like
       | an obvious suspect to me.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/ZzWSt
        
       | compiskey wrote:
       | But are they?
       | https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/05/fears-over-fa...
        
         | Deukhoofd wrote:
         | That article is not saying sperm counts are not dropping, but
         | arguing that that is not linked with dropping fertility (and
         | that the original study is racist for only including western
         | countries or something).
        
           | PuppyTailWags wrote:
           | To be fair I think it is kinda racist to categorize sperm as
           | either "Western" sperm vs "other" sperm. They couldn't do the
           | bare fucking minimum and at least separate by continent or
           | wealth? Health?
        
             | twixfel wrote:
             | Maybe it's not the bare minimum? Maybe they had limited
             | funding, largely access only to "Western sperm" (which
             | actually is a reasonable category I would argue because we
             | share a lifestyle to a greater or lesser degree), maybe
             | they had sparse data that covered simply "not the West".
        
               | 310260 wrote:
               | If you have sparse data, then maybe you shouldn't be
               | making grand comparisons or trying to make claims about
               | the entire world?
        
               | PuppyTailWags wrote:
               | If they had access largely only to "western" sperm then
               | they could separate it out by country, or income, or
               | something more sane. It's not like the rest of the world
               | shares a lifestyle!
        
             | 310260 wrote:
             | It is really weird the original study decided to categorize
             | it this way. Especially because there are potentially
             | drastic environmental differences between say the US and
             | Australia. Same goes for the "Other" category. How are
             | China and Brazil similar?
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | Not a biologist, but that kinda makes sense: you only need
           | one single healthy sperm to reach the egg in order to
           | fertilize it, so even men with pretty bad sperm counts are
           | probably still able to have children. So the average sperm
           | quality may drop for some time without a corresponding drop
           | in fertility. But then the drop in fertility will be all the
           | worse...
        
         | goatcode wrote:
         | >This framework is designed to take into account a wide range
         | of locations, individual conditions, and other data that can
         | contribute to changing trends in sperm counts.
         | 
         | So, just count everyone and diminish the geographical factor in
         | a problem. OK, let's ignore the problem until everyone is
         | affected. Seems pretty un-legit.
        
         | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
         | >Study aims to quell fears over falling human sperm count
         | 
         | At least they are open about the fact that they have determined
         | the conclusion beforehand.
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | > In addition, they argued that the design of the 2017 study
         | relied on racist and colonial hierarchies and assumptions
         | 
         | This response sounds like real science for sure.
        
           | compiskey wrote:
        
           | strix_varius wrote:
           | > "By proposing an alternative approach to sperm count data,
           | we aim to contribute to the burgeoning discussion among
           | reproductive health scientists and other researchers and
           | clinicians about men's health," said Boulicault, lead author
           | of the paper and a doctoral candidate in the Department of
           | Philosophy and Linguistics at MIT
           | 
           | A Philosophy & Linguistics PhD - just who you should trust to
           | analyze medical results!
        
             | apocalypstyx wrote:
             | Personally, I have a hard time putting much stock in the
             | opinion of those who use exclamation points.
        
           | rahMen838 wrote:
        
         | ghiculescu wrote:
         | I read both links. This one sounds like a bunch of woke people
         | unhappy that mens health is getting attention. The other study
         | sounds legitimate.
        
           | richbell wrote:
           | I thought you were being hyperbolic but the linked article
           | and study does seem to miss the forest for the trees.
           | 
           | Surely it's possible to acknowledge the flaws of a measure
           | without devolving into ideological and cultural warfare?
           | 
           | > In addition, they argued that the design of the 2017 study
           | relied on racist and colonial hierarchies and assumptions
           | because it categorized data as "Western" sperm counts or
           | "Other" sperm counts.
           | 
           | > Further, the claims of decline were based on a "species
           | optimum" of Anglophone developed nations of the 1970s, which
           | the researchers argued was scientifically unsound. The
           | GenderSci Lab team warned that this kind of Eurocentric focus
           | has been used by alt-right, white supremacist, and men's
           | rights activists to argue that the health and fertility of
           | men in Western nations is being threatened, particularly by
           | feminist and anti-racist movements.
        
             | cal5k wrote:
             | Yikes. What the heck is going on in academia.
        
               | Der_Einzige wrote:
               | Related, men are mass opting out of academia. It's so bad
               | now that they have to have affirmative action for men.
               | 
               | https://www.wsj.com/articles/college-university-fall-
               | higher-...
        
             | marcus0x62 wrote:
             | > Surely it's possible to acknowledge the flaws of a
             | measure without devolving into ideological and cultural
             | warfare?
             | 
             | When a professor of linguistics decides it is appropriate
             | to write a paper criticizing a study about falling sperm
             | counts, I don't think that is a safe bet.
        
           | compiskey wrote:
           | That doesn't come off as biased rejection at all. I took it
           | as a simple "insufficient data".
           | 
           | Great to see mob take a phrase and grab their torches and
           | pitchforks.
           | 
           | Hard evidence based rebuttal for sure, not just a bunch of
           | lonely social media addicts.
        
             | raspberry1337 wrote:
             | The data being insufficient because it focuses on white men
             | only, because that's where we have the earliest data, which
             | is "colonial" and "white supremacist". Who's the mob again?
        
               | compiskey wrote:
        
               | marcus0x62 wrote:
               | This isn't about anyone's hurt feelings. This is about an
               | ideologically motivated author wading into a subject in
               | which they have no obvious domain expertise and then
               | making irrelevant assertions that the original research
               | is "colonial" or "racist."
               | 
               | It is completely reasonable for people to point out that
               | your linked rebuttal to the original topic is garbage. I
               | think you're the one with the hurt feelings.
        
               | rahMen838 wrote:
        
           | alexsereno wrote:
           | It's going to be a real adjustment for a lot of these people
           | to grasp that young American men are in really difficult
           | situations socially, academically, and that it's a key factor
           | to underemployment, violence, etc... the concept of men's
           | health or men suffering feels like an attack to these people
           | instead of a separate legitimate issue to other social topics
           | they find important
        
             | justsocrateasin wrote:
             | Curious if you have sources for this. I agree
             | wholeheartedly that there are some difficult issues
             | affecting men, socially and academically, but always
             | struggle to back that opinion up with any meaningful
             | facts/figures.
             | 
             | As one of my friends said, "Positions of power are still
             | predominantly held by men, but the average man is lagging
             | behind the average woman". Not sure if this is necessarily
             | true, but sometimes it feels true. It's also unfortunately
             | a rather un-PC opinion to share.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | Educational attainment is going backwards for boys, while
               | girls are doing great and have far surpassed them. I
               | think they passed them some time back in the very early
               | '00s, IIRC, but it's been a while since I looked at that
               | stuff--this is all mainstream, they've been talking about
               | it in education-academia for quite a while and it's
               | uncontroversial, it's openly discussed among teachers et
               | c., though proposed solutions aside from "try to hire
               | more male teachers" are thin on the ground--bizarrely,
               | "restore all that recess you cut over the last decades,
               | in the name of more butts-in-seats time" doesn't seem to
               | have much traction, and, call me crazy, but if I were in
               | charge, that's the first thing I'd try.
               | 
               | Boys/men in general are exposed to a far higher
               | likelihood of worst-case outcomes in a variety of ways,
               | and there seems to be little societal attention to
               | improving that. If women had the incarceration rates, the
               | "successful" suicide rates, or the lagging lifespan that
               | men have, it'd be _all_ we 'd hear about. Instead we
               | figure that's just how men are, so, whatever.
               | 
               | I've got two girls and a boy and I'm a lot more worried
               | about the boy's future than the girls', for sure. Seems a
               | much finer line he'll need to walk to avoid a downward
               | spiral, with fewer off-ramps available from such a
               | spiral. Like, I reckon he's 75% of our risk of one of the
               | three having a very-bad outcome, without even seeing any
               | _especially_ bad problems with him yet.
        
               | istjohn wrote:
               | Nearly 6 women enroll in American colleges and
               | universities for every 4 men.
               | 
               | https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/young-
               | men-...
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Stupid ask: Why was "3 for every 2" not used?
        
               | rmak wrote:
               | Men have no reproductive rights at all. Women can rape
               | underage boys and these boys are then forced to pay child
               | support to their rapists including back pay for the
               | missed years.
               | 
               | Men don't have a single federally funded organization
               | positively helping them compared to 1000s for women.
               | 
               | Men/boys don't have bodily autonomy in US. They are
               | forced to fight in wars and are genitally mutilated at
               | birth against their will.
               | 
               | DV laws are anti male.
               | 
               | Custody laws are anti fathers.
               | 
               | Rape laws are gendered.
               | 
               | All the typical major indicators are favorable to women
               | instead of men. Ex: age expectancy, education, drug
               | addicts, suicides, homeless, police shootings, prison
               | inmates...
        
               | apocalypstyx wrote:
               | The thing is, all of these issues stem from patriarchal
               | systems.
               | 
               | (assumption) men will be employed (therefore) child
               | support is their responsibility.
               | 
               | (assumption) men are strong independent (therefore) there
               | is no need for assistance.
               | 
               | (assumption) men are made for war (therefore) men are to
               | fight war.
               | 
               | (assumption) men are stronger, more aggressive [see war],
               | etc (therefore) women [being weaker] must be the victims.
               | 
               | (assumption) fathers are severe and disciplinary
               | (therefore) mothers are nurturing and better suited to
               | child rearing.
               | 
               | (assumption) sexual intercourse is an act desired by and
               | initiated by men who are defined by their ability to
               | penetrate (therefore) women can only be penetrated [see
               | also aggressiveness] and men who are penetrated are
               | lowered in status to be nearer the category of woman.
        
               | rmak wrote:
               | Patriarchy hurts men too is a weak and out rightly
               | laughable argument. Because that's not how oppression
               | works, at all.
               | 
               | Let me give you some examples. White masters thought they
               | were stronger than black slaves yet slaves had to do all
               | the dull & dangerous work. Same with the colonial masters
               | they thought their underlings were weak and pathetic so
               | they doubled down on oppression and plundered even more
               | wealth through additional taxation and other means.
               | 
               | All the laws were out rightly favoring the oppressors in
               | every case except magically when it comes to patriarchy.
               | Imagine if Nazi Germany worked like patriarchy. Aryans
               | were the all supreme, the strongest and the most
               | independent race so they would've had almost all laws in
               | favor of Jews right? Nope instead they gassed millions of
               | Jews.
        
               | throwawaydad12 wrote:
               | Within my extended family and larger social orbit, I've
               | watched maybe 20 kids grow up. The girls are uniformly
               | successful and seem to have significant support from
               | family, school, and society. The boys have been
               | struggling and have experienced limited support to a
               | degree that I find shocking. Perhaps half will never
               | achieve regular employment, and sadly several seem
               | destined for addiction and early deaths.
               | 
               | This is just anecdote, but for me, I'm inclined to
               | believe 20 data points I can personally observe.
               | 
               | I'm not sure exactly how new this is. Even decades ago,
               | my experience of growing up male is that to a fair degree
               | it's like being thrown off the dock. "Hope you learn to
               | swim before you drown!" The idea that boys are privileged
               | over girls seems like a cruel joke.
        
               | somebody78978 wrote:
               | Positions of weakness are also predominantly held by men:
               | the prison and the homeless populations are
               | overwhelmingly male.
        
             | compiskey wrote:
        
             | compiskey wrote:
             | Society made religion optional through scientific inquiry.
             | It can make America optional too as no theory of science
             | suggests it's existence is immutable law.
             | 
             | It's going to be a real adjustment for you to accept a lot
             | of people are without sufficient this or that in our
             | society and you're not really going to bat for them.
             | 
             | You have freedom to choose without coercion. Nothing makes
             | your sensibilities sacrosanct to anyone else.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | Nice job proving the parent's point.
               | 
               | As a young American man myself, I am constantly being
               | told that my problems either don't matter or aren't real.
               | I don't need anybody to go to bat for me, but how about
               | just acknowledging that young American men do indeed face
               | real problems instead of saying "we don't need Americans,
               | actually."
        
               | compiskey wrote:
        
         | throwawaysleep wrote:
         | A study not written by a scientist to oppose scientists.
         | Allowing literature/philosophy people to publish on everything
         | is as bad as allowing antivaxxers everywhere.
        
           | 310260 wrote:
           | It's not saying the study is flat-out wrong. It's critiquing
           | specific aspects of its reasoning and categorization. Not at
           | all comparable to antivaxxers.
        
         | HideousKojima wrote:
         | "The extraordinary biological claims of the meta-analysis of
         | sperm count trends and the public attention it continues to
         | garner raised questions for the GenderSci Lab, which
         | specializes in analyzing bias and hype in the sciences of sex,
         | gender, and reproduction and in the intersectional study of
         | race, gender, and science," said Richardson, director of the
         | GenderSci Lab, and a professor of the history of science and of
         | studies of women, gender, and sexuality."
         | 
         | "In addition, they argued that the design of the 2017 study
         | relied on racist and colonial hierarchies"
         | 
         | I get that everyone has their biases, but this sounds like it's
         | up there with the feminist approaches to rocket science that
         | claim rockets are shaped the way they are for Freudian reasons.
         | The only specific claim your linked article is making against
         | the actual studies/data is that there is not nearly as much
         | data for Asian, African, and South American countries as there
         | is for Europe and North America. Which is a great point, we
         | need more data, but it doesn't really undermine or debunk any
         | of the other claims being made.
        
       | throwaway6734 wrote:
       | Took us 6 months to conceive our first. We the first few months
       | were "natural" attempts but then we moved to using overnight body
       | temp tracking, ovulation tests, and tracking everything in the
       | fertility friend app. Didn't take much effort and really helped
       | to ensure that we were hitting fertility windows.
       | 
       | Testing each month was brutal. Youre so excited to do a pregnancy
       | test, but if you test too soon, you end up in this awful limbo
       | where you still have hope, but realistically it's not likely.
       | Towards the end we would only test once 14 days post ovulation.
       | 
       | Also, I didn't realize how high miscarriage rates are (~30%)!
       | 
       | We're in our early 30s and wish we started sooner because it will
       | be pretty tight to have more than 3 kids
        
       | HideousKojima wrote:
       | Non-paywalled link: https://archive.ph/AfzEs
       | 
       | I've heard a lot of theories about what is causing this, the most
       | common being plastics, increased sugar consumption, more people
       | worldwide being overweight/obese, more people worldwide being
       | sedentary/less physically active, exposure to various harmful
       | chemicals, and more. I'd assume it's probably a combination of
       | several factors, but similar to plummeting male testosterone
       | (which likely has similar and potentially related causes) I don't
       | see this as likely to get anywhere near the amount of attention
       | and funding from various governments and organizations around the
       | world as it would if it were affecting female health.
        
         | oldsklgdfth wrote:
         | BPF is a common used in packaging, water bottles, etc. "BPF
         | exhibits similar estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects on the
         | mammalian endocrine system to those of bisphenol A (BPA)"[0].
         | 
         | I'm very curious how large a factor this is. Personally, once I
         | realized how much plastic I used - from water bottles to food
         | containers - I became very concerned and stopped using it.
         | 
         | More intuitive explanations make sense to me, like unhealthy,
         | non-active and stress filled lifestyles.
         | 
         | [0] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28741210/
        
         | luckylion wrote:
         | > I don't see this as likely to get anywhere near the amount of
         | attention and funding from various governments and
         | organizations around the world as it would if it were affecting
         | female health.
         | 
         | Which is understandable in the end, male expendability is a
         | thing. As long as it doesn't affect literally _all_ males, it
         | 's a health issue and a social problem, but it's not a
         | "humanity will cease to exist" problem; the men who are less
         | affected can father more children.
         | 
         | If reproduction was limited because women's infertility
         | exploded, it would be a different issue. The ones who are
         | fertile can't simply bear 50 babies in a year to make up for
         | it.
        
         | PuppyTailWags wrote:
         | I think it's frankly weird to see what is clearly a male health
         | issue and make a jab at women's health funding when its not
         | like the article was talking about comparing to women's issues.
         | This is very whataboutism.
        
           | HideousKojima wrote:
           | When you've seen women's issues get tons of attention and
           | funding for decades and any attempts to do the same for
           | similar men's issues get ignored at best, you can get kind of
           | bitter. This image kind of encapsulates the entire dynamic
           | for me:
           | 
           | https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EeE3J_jXoAABWXi.jpg
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | PuppyTailWags wrote:
             | But like, why are we griping about women getting more
             | attention, literally on a comment chain about male issues?
             | We're just giving the attention back to women, which is
             | what you had an issue with in the first place??? If your
             | problem is that men aren't focused on enough, let's talk
             | about men in this study that studied men.
        
         | jonahrd wrote:
         | This is objectively false. It's a well documented fact that
         | women's health is severely underfunded compared to men's
         | health.
         | 
         | [1] https://fortune.com/2021/03/09/womens-health-research-fda-
         | tr...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.everydayhealth.com/womens-health/womens-
         | health-w...
         | 
         | [3] https://theconversation.com/gender-bias-in-medicine-and-
         | medi...
         | 
         | [4] https://www.northwell.edu/katz-institute-for-womens-
         | health/a...
         | 
         | [5] https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/08/24/the-
         | surprising...
        
       | Bubble_Pop_22 wrote:
       | Now we only need a vaccine against HIV and STDs in general and we
       | can finally do away with condoms.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | I can't remember the last time I talked to a gay man who wasn't
         | on PrEP. It's arguable that in reasonably responsible circles,
         | HIV these days poses little-to-no risk, even among sexually
         | promiscuous people. And most other common STDs are completely
         | curable. The big exception is herpes, the spread of which is
         | not prevented by condoms.
        
           | starkd wrote:
           | Those HIV medicines tend to wane in efficacy, so they still
           | end up dying much younger. It's not a solution, just an
           | effective treatment.
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | You don't seem to understand what you are talking about.
             | PrEP prevents the spread of HIV, it is not a medication to
             | treat it.
        
           | guywithahat wrote:
           | Condoms can absolutely prevent the spread of herpes, it's
           | just it can also spread by kissing/etc.
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | If a sore is outside of the area covered by a condom, a
             | condom doesn't do anything. But I am reading that it is
             | recommended to use condoms to prevent the spread of herpes
             | generally, even without an outbreak.
        
           | Bubble_Pop_22 wrote:
           | > And most other common STDs are completely curable
           | 
           | So is the flu or COVID or the common cold, but they are
           | inconveniences which can last for 20 days or more.
           | 
           | If a vaccine were to become availible then the inconvenience
           | would be limited to the day of the shot.
        
           | AdrianB1 wrote:
           | I don't have the source to share, but I read that some types
           | of STDs are more and more resistant to antibiotics, to the
           | extent that they need combinations of multiple, last-instance
           | antibiotics to cure it.
        
       | uwagar wrote:
       | hope the covid vaccine isnt the reason
        
         | guywithahat wrote:
         | Well the article doesn't mention covid or the vaccine, it talks
         | about lowering sperm counts as a multi decade incident.
         | Although I have heard reports that either the vaccine or
         | getting covid can impact sperm count
        
         | gniv wrote:
         | This is a meta-analysis of 223 papers, the newest of which is
         | from 2020.
        
         | unregistereddev wrote:
         | Considering the trend is apparent in data from the 1970's
         | through 2011 (during which time there were zero covid vaccines
         | administered), it is unlikely covid vaccines are relevant.
         | 
         | Even if covid vaccines did have an impact on fertility (and I'm
         | not aware of any data to support this), the data we have
         | clearly shows something else going on.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | Along with the rise of age of adulthood and general hysteria, i
       | would think they are all correlated.
       | 
       | But whether sperm counts are falling or not we need more funding
       | towards artificial reproduction and extracorporal pregnancies, it
       | s such a non-brainer for our fragile and unique species.
        
         | xienze wrote:
         | > But whether sperm counts are falling or not we need more
         | funding towards artificial reproduction and extracorporal
         | pregnancies
         | 
         | Seems like a pretty extreme solution to the problem of
         | declining birth rates. Perhaps we'd be better served by
         | encouraging people to reproduce through financial incentives
         | and, frankly, positive propaganda.
         | 
         | Part of the problem is that young folks feel like raising
         | children is financially burdensome (fine), but IMO a bigger
         | part of the problem is the presence of negative propaganda
         | (having kids is destroying the earth, having kids sucks,
         | wouldn't you rather chase your career and party with friends
         | every night?, etc.)
        
           | KptMarchewa wrote:
           | It's not a negative propaganda but truth. Having a child
           | today means your life does not have anything else in it
           | besides being a provider. At most you can argue that it's
           | something extremely good, but you can't refute extreme
           | amounts of time having children takes.
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | those things are popular in america but the US doesnt even
           | have a big birth rate issue. Some of the most pro-welfare
           | countries are having the worst crisis in europe. I dont think
           | financial help would do. People really now consider children
           | to be more somewhat a burden to things they want to do in
           | life. I think it was all deliberate, not a forced hand
        
             | xienze wrote:
             | > People really now consider children to be more somewhat a
             | burden to things they want to do in life.
             | 
             | I think that goes back to decades of negative propaganda.
        
       | mint2 wrote:
       | Maybe it's due to commercial dishwasher rinse aid residue which
       | is reported harm cells or maybe it's car tire micro-particle
       | chemicals that also kill fish...
       | 
       | or maybe it's one of 10,000 other chemicals that people with
       | vested financial interests in assuming they are safe went
       | "there's no reported health concerns for this brand new chemical
       | and usage so let's go hog wild!!" And are now omnipresent in
       | daily life.
        
       | GaryNumanVevo wrote:
       | My wife and I did some fertility tests, since we're planning to
       | have kids soonish, and my work insurance covered it. Turns out my
       | sperm count / quality was in the 90% and 96% percentiles
       | respectively.
       | 
       | Not sure what I did, I'm early 30s, I run/hike and I'm vegan (eat
       | mostly soy for protein). I don't really avoid plastic containers,
       | etc.
        
       | thefz wrote:
       | After hitting the 8 billion mark, yeah, I can see why this is
       | good news.
        
         | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
         | The estimate is that we've peaked. Africa is not having as many
         | children as expected. Asia is slowing down. The West would be
         | collapsing if not for immigration. There is a really good
         | chance of social collapse within the next 10-25 years for
         | various large countries due to population inversion (too few
         | young people relative to old people like China). Not enough tax
         | base to pay for those who are now economically unproductive.
        
       | sidcool wrote:
       | Genuinely serious question. Is our sedentary lifestyle and
       | addiction to internet and smartphone a contributing cause?
        
         | AdrianB1 wrote:
         | Sedentary: yes. A couple more reasons are clothing (stretch
         | pants) and behavioral (society is on a fight against
         | testosterone manifestations and sperms depend on testosterone).
        
       | calvinmorrison wrote:
       | eau de Testosterone
        
       | layman51 wrote:
       | I have noticed a few of these headlines in the news but I didn't
       | really pay them any mind because of how the world population is
       | actually still increasing. But then I did a quick Google search
       | and found out that the rate of growth is slowing down. Is that a
       | sign of this issue?
        
       | andirk wrote:
       | For cultures who prefer child-bearing-age women to always be
       | pregnant, does this affect how many children they are able to
       | have? And will this have a negative effect on religions who
       | encourage large families?
       | 
       | (Edited to avoid religious flamewars)
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't take HN threads into religious flamewar. It never
         | goes well, is the last thing we need here, and (fortunately) is
         | particularly avoidable.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | nisegami wrote:
       | As an antinatalist, this makes me hopeful for a future with
       | significantly less suffering.
        
         | zild3d wrote:
         | Out of curiosity, do you wish you weren't born, and if so why
         | not end it?
        
           | nisegami wrote:
           | It's certainly preferable that I were never born. But suicide
           | is not the same as never having been. Right now, the marginal
           | utility of living another day is not always negative, but I
           | expect that to change as my physical health deteriorates in
           | the coming years. Once that changes, I'll revisit the suicide
           | issue.
        
             | lizardactivist wrote:
             | Stick around. The world and things in general will get
             | better.
        
         | bpanon wrote:
         | If I ever want to get a glimpse into the halfway intelligent
         | minds of self-destructive humans, HN rarely disappoints.
        
       | darod wrote:
       | "Five years ago, a study describing a precipitous decline in
       | sperm counts sparked extreme concerns that humanity was on the
       | path to extinction."
       | 
       | Extinction, seriously? Why is it necessary to be so hyperbolic
       | with writing these days. Humanity has increased 8x in the last
       | 200 years and we have plenty of artificial means to have
       | children. I seriously doubt low sperm count is going to lead to
       | our extinction.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | Look at the second derivative.
         | 
         | Peak population is likely imminent.
        
       | DrThunder wrote:
       | It's obesity 100%. You can try to blame microplastics all you
       | want but plastics have been around for a long time now and the
       | amount of people having issues in the last generation has
       | skyrocketed along with the obesity epidemic.
       | 
       | You cannot sit around on screens all day, eat unhealthily, never
       | lift weights, never do any cardio and expect to have enough
       | testosterone to reproduce.
        
         | Klonoar wrote:
         | I mean, you have to look at the whole picture. Obesity is the
         | big one to solve, but you have to kill the sugar issue if you
         | want to do that.
         | 
         | The average American (to say nothing of the rest of the world)
         | is absolutely abysmal at keeping count of their sugar intake.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | At the same time, the world health organisation estimates 95%
           | of people are inactive. I think a lack of activity is the
           | biggest cause of the obesity crisis. Especially these days
           | where even older generations who weren't raised in this
           | modern environment are often chronically online nonetheless.
           | 
           | https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/06/02/medic.
           | ..
        
             | Klonoar wrote:
             | Sure, but what I think I'm ultimately trying to say is:
             | that problem probably isn't getting solved anytime soon,
             | given what we've turned the world into with technology.
             | 
             | We _can_ control sugar in the food supply, though. It would
             | do quite a bit if we 'd just stop shoving it where it
             | doesn't belong.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | Even if you control sugar it isn't going to offer nearly
               | the same benefits to people as being active, especially
               | late in life.
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | Surely motility is more of a worry than count ???.
        
       | adam_arthur wrote:
       | Higher bodyfat leads to lower testosterone levels, could be one
       | factor
        
       | rodolphoarruda wrote:
       | > "Levels of testosterone have been reported to be declining
       | during the same period of time that the sperm production rates
       | were measured in this meta-analysis."
       | 
       | Testosterone is the new canine tooth.
        
         | shanewwarren wrote:
         | This is mostly a joke, but for a few friends that have had
         | trouble, I've recommended getting into squats and deadlifts
         | (weightlifting more generally).
        
         | adam_arthur wrote:
         | Mentioned in a top level comment, but higher bodyfat levels
         | have been proven to correlate with lower testosterone levels.
         | 
         | May explain a large portion of this shift. I wonder if they
         | normalized for bodyweight in this study
        
           | nitrixion wrote:
           | I'd be interested in reading more about this. I'm curious if
           | that correlation is due to people with lower bodyfat being
           | more likely to exercise regularly which, in turn, would
           | increase testosterone levels.
           | 
           | Seems like the obvious conclusion, but that doesn't mean it
           | is correct.
        
       | ravenstine wrote:
       | As long as enough people aren't equipped to take their own health
       | seriously, sperm counts will continue to fall and obesity will
       | continue to increase.
        
       | DiabloD3 wrote:
       | Nobody should be surprised.
       | 
       | The past 20 years of research have indicated entire classes of
       | chemicals that should be immediately banned, and yet the
       | government continues to allow the use of these chemicals.
       | 
       | We are being poisoned without our consent. This is our
       | generation's taxation without representation.
        
       | JPKab wrote:
       | When it comes to issues that affect one of the genders, the
       | structure of academia tends to basically ignore things unique to
       | men. I think this is because every University researcher has a
       | brigade of gender activists who only care about female issues
       | ready to raise hell.
       | 
       | The delta between likelihood of attending college between males
       | and females is higher now than it was before title IX was
       | enforced. It's simply shifted in the other direction where
       | females are far more likely to go to university than males.
       | 
       | Males are far less likely to graduate high school. They are far
       | more likely to commit suicide and use drugs.
       | 
       | Nobody cares. There are tons of programs like "girls code" but
       | nobody bothers to volunteer for programs like "boys graduate".
       | 
       | I have both a son and a daughter and it's obvious which one the
       | school system is designed to cater to versus the one who is
       | essentially flawed by design.
       | 
       | Our society and academia are fixated on inequalities amongst the
       | top top tier of high status humans. As if the fact that a
       | disproportionate number of Fortune 500 CEOs are males means
       | anything to the 99.999% of males who will never be remotely that
       | status.
       | 
       | It's just very odd that we have decided to divide humans into
       | categories we care about based on identity.
        
         | berjin wrote:
         | I suspect males tend to have a wider bell curve in income so
         | when you combine the data from both sexes males will dominate
         | the winning end (e.g. CEOs) as well as the bottom end (e.g.
         | prisons). Nobody pays any attention to the bottom of the
         | pyramid so all they see is a distorted view of a few alpha
         | males dominating in the top half of the pyramid.
        
         | nico wrote:
         | You are spot on. And it's getting worse:
         | 
         | https://www.profgalloway.com/a-fewer-good-men/
         | 
         | Essentially, women want someone who is their equal or "higher
         | status". With big inequality, men at the bottom can't get
         | women, while most women compete for the small group of men at
         | the top.
        
           | maxbond wrote:
           | Hypergamy is a myth. Human courtship is not so simple you can
           | put it on a graph. The incel community that propagates this
           | idea gets real misogynistic real quickly, this is basically a
           | set up to argue that men have a right to women's bodies
           | (framed as a "right to sex").
        
             | KptMarchewa wrote:
             | No one argues that every women have a right to very high
             | paying top status jobs, yet we try to structure society so
             | that more women achieve that.
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | I'm not sure what you're implying and how you're relating
               | this to my point, so I can't address it in relation to
               | that unless you'd like to elaborate.
               | 
               | Society is structured in a way that marginalizes women
               | (among others) and denies them opportunity, and feminists
               | have fought to enfranchise women economically and
               | politically for more than a hundred years. As this
               | movement picks up steam, people who were privileged under
               | this system (mostly men like myself) can perceive this as
               | "losing" rights. But what we're actually observing is
               | increased parity.
               | 
               | Let's say there are two objects moving parallel to each
               | other, one moving faster than the other. Let's say we
               | impart a force on the lagging object and it starts to
               | catch up. If you're looking from the frame of reference
               | of the leading object, than without anything else to
               | compare to, you might look at this object catching up and
               | perceive yourself to be slowing down. But we know this is
               | an illusion, because we imparted no force to the leading
               | object; it's moving at the same speed.
               | 
               | It's important to broaden one's perspective.
        
               | tenebrisalietum wrote:
               | In the US, you aren't supposed to accept handouts and are
               | expected to work, because work is a virtue. However, it's
               | OK and totally virtuous for someone to give you a job, or
               | maintain a company structure to keep a job around so a
               | person who "needs it" can keep their job, such as
               | positions that tend to be filled by elderly.
               | 
               | So structuring to give out jobs like rewards is not
               | something exclusive to giving them to women, it happens
               | to the elderly and politically connected all the time.
        
           | notch656a wrote:
           | How on earth is this comment grey. Basic biology is women,
           | with a higher reproductive burden, to be more selective.
        
       | theodric wrote:
       | We're overpopulated. This isn't a problem.
        
         | berjin wrote:
         | It's not young western babies causing the overpopulation
         | though. Why should we commit generational suicide?
        
       | Vikerchu wrote:
       | Mastrabating?
        
       | anon99879 wrote:
       | I've never written about this before but thought it might be
       | useful for someone who may be experiencing the same/similar
       | problem and believes there's no real prospect of having children.
       | 
       | During several years of trying to conceive, I undertook 2 sperm
       | tests with the clinic and on both occasions drew a blank -
       | literally nothing. I can't describe how brutally crushing this is
       | to receive as news - especially from a poorly trained medical
       | professional who has just delivered the news to you in much the
       | same way he would tell you the time.
       | 
       | Since I had an amazingly supportive and clever wife, she
       | researched various treatments and came upon a process called
       | microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) which I
       | believe was pioneered in the states and brought to the UK.
       | 
       | One mTESE procedure later (approx PS5k privately) where they were
       | happily able to extract 8 vials of viable sperm, followed by a
       | course of free IVF (in some UK places you get 1 free round, but
       | can be up to 3) - 5 viable blastocysts were grown, 2 inserted -
       | and 9 months later a happy healthy baby girl was born.
       | 
       | I guess the summary is, guys: if you're having issues conceiving
       | - don't always assume its the female, and get yourself checked
       | out asap before its too late for easy conception - success rates
       | drop off a cliff after age 38.
       | 
       | Even if you're firing blanks, there is hope
        
         | highwaylights wrote:
         | I have nothing to add to this, I just wanted to say
         | congratulations to your family and applaud your sharing of this
         | information for whoever else it might help. :-)
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | "Hey honey I found out about this new procedure called
         | microdissection testicular sperm extraction..."
         | 
         | "I'm going to have to stop you right there"
         | 
         | I'm just kidding around, but that could really use a better
         | name.
        
       | bhouston wrote:
       | This article covering well done meta analysis seems to be a lot
       | more reputable that what was on this site 3 weeks ago:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33582534
       | 
       | I wonder if it gets as many upvotes? Or if hacker news prefers to
       | get its fertility analysis from theoretical physicists.
        
         | Lewton wrote:
         | > I wonder if it gets as many upvotes? Or if hacker news
         | prefers to get its fertility analysis from theoretical
         | physicists.
         | 
         | Right now it's averaging 2 upvotes a minute. It was pretty
         | obvious at the time you wrote your post that this will indeed
         | get more upvotes
        
         | HideousKojima wrote:
         | Your link is broken, so I'm not sure what you're trying to
         | argue.
         | 
         | EDIT: thanks for fixing the link
        
         | PM_me_your_math wrote:
         | Theoretical physicists emit lots of thermal energy and breed
         | often.
        
       | pbiggar wrote:
       | While the trend has been around much longer than Covid, it looks
       | like Covid is going to make it a lot worse! Sperm count is down
       | 53% [1] for people who had covid, and it seems 94% of Americans
       | have had Covid thus far.
       | 
       | [1] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.27971
        
       | mule1 wrote:
       | I always wanted to have a family but I'm straight up too mentally
       | ill to. And I reckon any woman that I'd lock down would be more
       | mentally ill than me. I really think we're in a weird transitory
       | period that child bearing is going to look a lot different in the
       | next 10 years, seeing the age of marriage in the west is almost
       | 30 for women, where > 35 is considered a geriatric pregnancy.
       | There's going to have to be solutions if we want healthy
       | offspring.
        
         | seedead99 wrote:
         | Even recently 28 was considered geriatric pregnancy before it
         | was reclassified.
        
       | DoingIsLearning wrote:
       | > Swan also recommends reducing exposure to endocrine-disrupting
       | chemicals by being a savvy consumer
       | 
       | Most hygiene products get away with listing diethyl phthalate as
       | 'Parfum'.
       | 
       | What we need is not savvy consumers what we need is regulators to
       | get serious.
        
         | goalieca wrote:
         | Environmental may be one such reason but we should never omit
         | obesity as a cause for any health problem.
         | 
         | > A bidirectional relationship between testosterone and obesity
         | underpins this association indicated by the hypogonadal-obesity
         | cycle and evidence weight loss can lead to increased
         | testosterone levels.
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25982085/
        
           | whichfawkes wrote:
           | Obesity can also be related to environmental exposures.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | bbddg wrote:
         | Yeah trying to avoid toxic chemicals as a consumer is nearly
         | impossible. We've been doing a home renovation and have been
         | attempting to use zero or low VOC products and it's incredibly
         | difficult and expensive. The effort it requires to do the
         | research and sourcing for every product you use in your life is
         | basically impossible for most people.
        
         | adamsmith143 wrote:
         | Isn't this just pure BS tho? No "savvy consumer" can really
         | avoid these chemicals. Merely by being outside in a major city
         | or indoors in a modern home or wearing modern synthetic fiber
         | clothing, etc, etc you are likely getting exposed. Short of
         | literally making your own wool clothing in the middle of the
         | woods you can't reasonably escape this stuff.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | Consumers can voluntarily reduce their exposure to phthalates
         | AND the industry can be regulated. Regulators aren't going to
         | save consumers if consumers refuse to get educated or practice
         | restraint.
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | I've been a very health/environmentally conscious consumer
           | for 30 years, but I don't have time to keep up with every
           | possible thing, nor do I want to be exhausting myself trying
           | to urge other consumers to shift their buying choices ever so
           | slightly. Expecting consumers to do everything is market
           | fundamentalism and it's often a meme put around by industry
           | to shirk responsibility. My environmental footprint is
           | already _way_ below average. I 'm tired of sacrificing my
           | life on the altar of market economics waiting for everyone
           | else to catch up, while industry pours money in lobbying, PR,
           | and advertising to maintain an increasingly dystopian status
           | quo.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jimlongton wrote:
           | > Regulators aren't going to save consumers if consumers
           | refuse to get educated or practice restraint
           | 
           | That's literally the job of regulators, see asbestos or
           | cancer causing pesticides that have been banned or severely
           | restricted. Do you expect all consumers to have degrees in
           | chemistry and read papers to make risk assessments about the
           | 10,000s of chemicals they come into contact daily?
        
             | karaterobot wrote:
             | Nope, not saying that.
             | 
             | Before asbestos or cancer causing pesticides were
             | regulated, they were perfectly fine to sell and use, but
             | they were not in fact safe for people. In most cases,
             | regulation lags science. In quite a few cases, things we
             | know probably aren't safe are not regulated at all, or not
             | sufficiently regulated. Regulation has many inputs: good
             | science is one of them, but expediency is another, and so
             | is corruption, and frankly so is incompetence. In any case,
             | because the regulatory status of a substance has no
             | relationship to whether or not it will kill you, it is
             | safest if we have good regulation AND people do as much due
             | diligence as they are comfortable with. Ultimately, it's
             | your health, so you have to take responsibility for it.
        
         | some_random wrote:
         | Blaming individuals is the most successful strategy for keeping
         | status quo while allowing activists to flourish. So go buy
         | metal straws, recycle your plastic, eat less meat, cut up six
         | pack holders, and be "a savvy customer"!
        
         | highstep wrote:
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethyl_phthalate
        
         | throw10920 wrote:
         | This is a "non-constructive proof". It's trivial to say
         | "regulators need to get serious" but it's non-trivial to
         | actually get that to happen. With the current
         | corrupt+uninformed regulators in place, just pushing them to
         | "regulate more" results in a mix of regulatory capture and/or
         | uninformed regulation made by non-technical experts. How do you
         | propose that _actually_ useful regulation get enacted?
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | I get reliably downvoted for suggesting this, but we need
         | _vastly_ better labelling across the board. We give companies a
         | _lot_ of leeway when it comes to selling things to put in and
         | on our bodies without us, owners of said bodies, having any way
         | of finding out what the hell is in their products, or where
         | they came from, or how they were processed. It absolutely
         | baffles me how everyone doesn 't want considerably more
         | information and transparency about our foods and cosmetics.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | "Ignorance is bliss" is safe, zero-effort, and anxiety-free -
           | until it isn't.
           | 
           | And when it isn't - both the "not just a river in Egypt" and
           | "blame some handy & culturally appropriate boogeyman"
           | strategies are popular and low-effort. And usually enjoy
           | widespread social support.
        
             | datavirtue wrote:
             | Ahh....low effort sound bite boogyman legislation. Reminds
             | me of Florida.
        
           | CalRobert wrote:
           | For what it's worth there are people working on this problem!
           | I work for one - https://choosefinch.com/ - which is a Chrome
           | extension that scores products on amazon.com (and other
           | retailers soon!) for, among other things, harmful compounds.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | "This product is known to the state of California to cause
           | cancer" : so what?
        
           | prox wrote:
           | I would be massively in favour of adding a QR Code that
           | details as much as possible (without giving away trade
           | secrets if that is possible) where and how something is
           | sourced and then adding how it was processed. Much like you
           | get a track and trace with a package.
        
             | biomcgary wrote:
             | Your proposed requirement would have a nice side benefit of
             | making supply chains much easier to trace for other
             | purposes (e.g., why are some shelves bare in my grocery
             | store).
             | 
             | I'd want a carve out for home "manufacturers" that sell
             | less than the US median wage per year in product. They
             | should be able to just display the QR codes cut out from
             | the packages of their ingredients rather than creating
             | their own QR code infrastructure.
        
               | prox wrote:
               | Indeed, supply chains, or a webcam to the free range
               | chicken eggs perhaps. Lots of options to make things a
               | bit more transparent.
        
             | madaxe_again wrote:
             | This exists in Europe - it's catchily called ECHA SCIP. You
             | can search by EAN at https://echa.europa.eu/scip-database
        
               | jopsen wrote:
               | Pretty cool.
               | 
               | But fairly, limited:
               | 
               | > Articles containing substances of very high concern
               | (SVHCs) on the Candidate List at a concentration above
               | 0.1% weight by weight (w/w)
        
             | jeremiem wrote:
             | Close, https://world.openfoodfacts.org/ and
             | https://world.openbeautyfacts.org/, by the same
             | association. Crowd-sourced databases that you can query
             | scanning the barcode using their app.
             | 
             | The quality and availability of the information you can
             | find varies greatly, but it's very easy to contribute. You
             | won't find much that is not already written on the label
             | though.
        
             | cameldrv wrote:
             | EWG has something that's a lot better than nothing:
             | https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/
             | 
             | They also have an app that can scan UPC codes.
        
               | cm_silva wrote:
               | I knew I'd find EWG mentioned here, they're fantastic.
               | Thank you for posting.
        
             | Jemm wrote:
             | I think you forget that most people don't have basic
             | competency with even their phones. Most have no clue how to
             | scan a QR code.
        
               | usefulcat wrote:
               | It's still an improvement over the status quo.
        
               | mrbombastic wrote:
               | People have the capacity to learn and scanning a QR code
               | once you've seen it done once is pretty straightforward.
               | during covid QR code menus replaced physical menus in NY
               | for most restaurants. People complained (i don't
               | particularly like them either) then adapted.
        
               | ldh0011 wrote:
               | Different strokes for different folks and all that but
               | I'm a bit of a picky eater and love being able to
               | unambiguously mark what I don't want on my food on the
               | ordering web apps some restaurants use now. On the other
               | hand those places that have the QR code link to nothing
               | but a PDF menu are just annoying.
        
               | WithinReason wrote:
               | Those people wouldn't be able to interpret the data
               | anyway. You forget that most people don't have basic
               | competency in science, and basing decisions on that data
               | would be _extremely_ difficult to start with.
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | Who cares about hiding trade secrets if those trade secrets
             | are "just a pinch of mercury" or some other nefarious
             | chemical.
        
               | prox wrote:
               | Just thinking ahead here for some possible pitfalls why
               | companies would be against it.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | Unfortunately I just see anything that they don't want to
               | disclose (because it's harmful) to become a trade secret
        
               | standardUser wrote:
               | Then mandate a label that clearly states there are unknow
               | ingredients that the manufacturer refuses to list.
        
               | danuker wrote:
               | On any ingredients list, that should be assumed when
               | there is a vague ingredient like "Artificial Flavors".
               | 
               | Industry plainly lists potassium sorbate, sorbic acid,
               | and sodium nitrite, which are known carcinogens.
               | 
               | On top of that, the packaging matters: PET is a phtalate
               | which is an endocrine disruptor.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | They are going to be against it anyway.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | In principal, known toxins (when at anything even close
               | to toxic doses when used normally) should be just not
               | allowed in consumer products in the first place.
               | 
               | In practice, people like their alcoholic drinks and don't
               | understand why that by itself is enough to require the
               | Californian proposition 65 "substances at this location
               | are known to cause cancer" sticker.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | The good news is that the FDA sets "acceptable levels"[1]
               | in food, for things like animal feces, insect
               | infestation, mold, rodent hairs and filth, maggots, and
               | so on, beyond which enforcement is mandatory. The bad
               | news is they are nonzero.
               | 
               | 1: https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/04/health/insect-rodent-
               | filth-in...
        
               | carlmr wrote:
               | >The bad news is they are nonzero.
               | 
               | Especially with mold, zero is very very difficult to
               | attain.
        
             | david422 wrote:
             | That's a pretty clever idea. I like it! There is limited
             | package space on items, this would allow producers to
             | document a whole lot of info and allow consumers immediate
             | access.
        
               | prox wrote:
               | The idea actually comes from when I followed CJ Chivers
               | (expert on weapons and war correspondent) A lot of his
               | work is done by gathering spent munitions on the
               | battlefield and then tracing it back to its source. The
               | life of a weapon and munitions is usually well documented
               | (and can go back decades!)
        
           | tnel77 wrote:
           | I have a friend who gets irrationally angry about stuff like
           | this. "People should just do their own research!" I'd like to
           | think I'm of above average intelligence and I have no idea
           | how I would ever go about verifying the safety of every item
           | I buy for my family. It's just not feasible. What if,
           | instead, we have a group of people who enforce safety
           | standards and we can place some trust in them to help keep us
           | all safe?
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | Why not both? Mandating companies maintain a comprehensive
             | list of ingredients, processes, countries of origin, etc,
             | that is readily available to the public does not prevent
             | agencies from also enforcing standards.
        
           | dec0dedab0de wrote:
           | I 100% agree. It blew my mind that vanilla extract is not
           | extracted from vanilla, and they're allowed to label
           | artificial vanilla as vanilla extract because real vanilla
           | extract tastes different, and people are already used to the
           | other flavor matching the name. There are tons of examples
           | and loopholes like this.
        
             | giardini wrote:
             | This. The artificial vanilla extract tastes _far_ better
             | than the natural.
             | 
             | I tire of being the fool buying expensive tasteless natural
             | organic foods and spices!
        
           | addingadimensio wrote:
           | saying that perfume is an endocrine disruptor and is
           | contributing to the global drop in fertility is a right wing
           | conspiracy theory .. careful bud
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | People should be free to draw their own conclusions, as
             | idiotic as those conclusions may sometimes be. But
             | obfuscation only creates _more_ space for conspiratorial
             | thinking. More transparency is the solution, not the
             | problem.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | > I get reliably downvoted for suggesting this, but we need
           | vastly better labelling across the board
           | 
           | These companies shouldn't be able to use these ingredients in
           | the first place, labels or not. It's not our job to read
           | lists of 30+ ingredients and their wikipedia entries to know
           | if we're at risk or not
        
             | greenhearth wrote:
             | This is of course an ideal, but in our brutal reality
             | corporations owe no moral obligation to the society they
             | are profiting from. They are only driven by capital and
             | brand propagation. Sometimes a moral approach is taken as a
             | compromise, to continue operating in peace, etc. We are
             | left with defending ourselves as best as possible and
             | sometimes the onslaught is too much, as indicated by
             | multitudes of lawsuits and entire legal industries rising
             | out of corporate negligence.
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | Corporations are human constructs; they exist in
               | whichever reality we create for them. You don't have to
               | give in to their demands. They have to give in to ours.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | lm28469 wrote:
               | For non religious people, the ones who don't believe in
               | the invisible hand, regulations could take care of that,
               | although given the current dynamic we're getting further
               | from that by the day
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | That's why regulation exists.
        
               | greenhearth wrote:
               | Who will regulate the regulators then?
        
           | dang wrote:
           | > I get reliably downvoted for suggesting this,
           | 
           | Your comment was heavily upvoted.
           | 
           | Please drop these off-topic distractions from your HN
           | comments, especially bits about upvoting and downvoting,
           | which are such a common source of meta-noise that the site
           | guidelines specifically exclude it:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > It absolutely baffles me how everyone doesn't want
           | considerably more information and transparency about our
           | foods and cosmetics.
           | 
           | People _do_ want that, which is why organic food is rising in
           | popularity, why vegan cosmetics are a thing... the problem is
           | politicians are bribed by big industry influence to not
           | regulate too hard.
        
         | eterps wrote:
         | Phthalates seem very hard to avoid:
         | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/phthalates-health_b_2464248
        
         | vanderZwan wrote:
         | I genuinely hate this (meaning Swan's) take. The modern world
         | is waaaay to complex to offload all responsibility to
         | "consumers".
         | 
         | They did it with sustainability, with sweat shops, with food,
         | with cleaning products. It's ridiculous.
        
           | abeppu wrote:
           | > Ultimately, Levine and Swan say that local and global
           | actions are needed to reduce or get rid of these chemicals in
           | our environments.
           | 
           | I think it's unfair to characterize Swan's take as trying to
           | 'offload all responsibility to "consumers"'. Presumably the
           | "get rid of these chemicals in our environments" doesn't just
           | intend "our" to only mean some hyper-vigilant subset of the
           | population. One can advocate for removing these from the
           | marketplace while simultaneously having the stance that for
           | now, in the world we actually live in, people can take some
           | steps to limit their exposure. People are always going to ask
           | "but what can I do _now_ to protect myself and my family?"
           | and it's not unreasonable for an expert in the field to try
           | to have an answer.
        
             | vanderZwan wrote:
             | Fair, I should have said "Swan's statement in the quote" -
             | the intention was mainly to avoid being misinterpreted as
             | disagreeing with DoingIsLearning anyway, not to dunk on my
             | namesake.
        
           | lzooz wrote:
           | Or maybe people aren't stupid but they don't give a shit.
        
             | vanderZwan wrote:
             | I did not say anything about stupidity. Nobody has the
             | time, energy and even financial means to individually
             | tackle all the issues out there. Putting the burdens on
             | consumers is an excuse used by companies to externalize
             | costs to the buyer, plain and simple.
        
           | ridgered4 wrote:
           | Consumers can't compete on an individual level against giant
           | mega corporations actively obfuscating information from them
           | even if they had lots of free time and weren't overburdened
           | already. And corporations can lobby to even get obvious terms
           | redefined (Assembled in America) so everyone needs to
           | understand lawyer speak to even make sense of the information
           | they do receive.
           | 
           | And that is without even getting into misinformation
           | campaigns.
        
           | throwawaysleep wrote:
           | With sustainability and sweat shops, the trade off is making
           | things a lot more expensive, so the offloading is more that
           | most people don't care.
        
             | i80and wrote:
             | I think a majority of people do care, but there's not
             | really a way for them to express that in the market. You
             | can't just buy the more expensive product and trust that
             | it's going to be more ethically produced.
             | 
             | It's a societal problem that can't be solved by individual
             | consumers.
        
             | SQueeeeeL wrote:
             | Non-regulatory solutions also doesn't empower the market to
             | optimize cost in a productive way (which would cut into
             | profits). In the current economy for the vast majority of
             | products we have two options 1) a cheap option made in
             | horrendous inhumane conditions and 2) a luxury good made in
             | a process that's inherently limited in aim and scope.
             | Globalism basically exports the suffering of the most
             | unregulated markets to the entire planet.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | I can't count how many times I have ordered a mineral water (to
         | avoid chlorine in tap water to which I am sensitive) and
         | received it in a glass contaminated with a PFAS-coated paper
         | straw.
         | 
         | It has nothing to do with being savvy.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | Additionally that water probably came from a plastic bottle.
           | 
           | Lately I've been seeing straws made from a compostable plant
           | based polyester. It's unclear whether they are still using
           | problematic plasticizers in them.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Why do people even buy "most hygiene products"? They're all
         | bullshit, bad-smelling chemical industry effluent. A gallon of
         | concentrated Just Plain Old Soap(r) retails for $40 and stands
         | dilutions 10-to-1, is enough for all personal and household
         | uses for an entire family for years.
        
         | highwaylights wrote:
         | I agree with you, but I don't know how helpful this will end up
         | being.
         | 
         | Endocrine disruptors are airborne and globally ubiquitous in
         | the form of micro-plastics. All drinking water in the world is
         | contaminated with it. [1]
         | 
         | I'm really not meaning to be dramatic on this, but we've
         | completely missed the boat on this one while we were arguing
         | about climate change, and it's much too late to do anything
         | about it now.[2]
         | 
         | I'll not be here to see either way, and it's unlikely anyone
         | else currently alive will unless Ray Kurzweil was right this
         | whole time, but IMHO (I.e. take this with the pinch of salt a
         | random Internet comment warrants) it's likely humanity as a
         | species only has a few hundred years left at most.
         | 
         | This isn't meant to be doom-mongering, it's just that while we
         | worry about some dramatic cataclysmic event like a nuclear war,
         | a pandemic or a meteor strike, the science seems to indicate
         | it's much more likely that humanity will die off with a quiet
         | whimper in a few generations.
         | 
         | It's worth noting that this is not a mainstream view, and that
         | the UN projects a level population out to 2300 [3] - I just
         | don't see that the science backs up this claim, especially
         | given recent understandings of fertility decline.
         | 
         | [https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/wash-
         | documents...]
         | 
         | [https://www.salon.com/2022/01/16/bpa-plastics-harmful/]
         | 
         | [https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.deve..
         | .]
        
           | itsoktocry wrote:
           | > _the science seems to indicate it 's much more likely that
           | humanity will die off with a quiet whimper in a few
           | generations._
           | 
           | You didn't include a link to support the claim that humans
           | only have "a few hundred years left at most". I think this is
           | extremely unlikely to be true. What is your recommended
           | reading?
        
             | highwaylights wrote:
             | This is purely speculation without a reference, I'll edit
             | to clarify. I did have this in the original post:
             | 
             | "It's worth noting that this is not a mainstream view, and
             | that the UN projects a level population out to 2300"
             | 
             | I'll clarify above regardless.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Well yeah it's not UN's policy to cause mass panics now,
               | is it.
        
           | deelowe wrote:
           | As another commenter pointed out, plasticizers are not
           | plastics. It's disingenuous to link health issues with
           | plasticizers to microplastics. Additionally, we should not
           | extrapolate concerns with BPA plastics releasing chemicals
           | when placed under specific stressors (e.g. heat) to all
           | plastics in the environment. There have been no studies I'm
           | aware of that link microplastics to endocrine disruption.
           | Even the first article you linked specifically states that
           | the primary concern with microplastics is likely a physical
           | (not chemical) one.
           | 
           | The slowdown in population growth has been a topic of world
           | leaders for quite some time. This isn't a topic of interest
           | because world leaders are somehow concerned about the cause
           | (e.g. chemicals in the environment). In fact, the cause is
           | well known and due to fairly straight forward anthropologic
           | factors. As quality of life improves, population growth
           | declines. This happens in nature as well. Populations under
           | stress tend to reproduce more. World leaders are interested
           | in modeling/understanding this as it has macroeconomic
           | effects (e.g. Japan's decade long struggles with stock market
           | decline). This is also why the US and the west in general has
           | went so heavy on quantitative easing for the past decade.
           | They are trying to stave off deflation. Unfortunately, COVID
           | and the associated supply shocks caused that plan to go off
           | the rails a bit...
           | 
           | Finally, I'm not sure what climate change policy has to do
           | with any of this.
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | I'll let the chemistry people comment on this one but
           | phtalates are used as a 'plasticizer' they are not plastic
           | itself as in a micro-plastic bead
           | 
           | I am not sure how much of these plasticizers survives on the
           | microplastic that you refer to. in our water supply or in
           | airborne polyester fibers? Those are major sources of
           | microplastic contamination but I am not sure they are major
           | sources of _plasticizer_ contamination.
           | 
           | In this case there is mounting evidence against phthalates
           | and bisphenols as endocrine disruptors. This is the stuff
           | getting into your blood stream through ingestion or skin
           | absorption mostly from plastic containers, hygiene products,
           | etc.
           | 
           | This is one of the problems, we are missing studies that can
           | demonstrate sources and source contribution to this problem.
        
             | RC_ITR wrote:
             | >This is one of the problems, we are missing studies that
             | can demonstrate sources and source contribution to this
             | problem.
             | 
             | This is why I hate when people compare climate change to
             | other problems (like GP did).
             | 
             | Sure, there's a lot of microplastics out there, but the
             | science is still out on what that means for us. Meanwhile
             | we _know_ how bad Climate Change is, so if we have limited
             | resources to fight problems, _definitely_ fight the one you
             | _know_ is bad, even if it 's not as engaging as thinking
             | about your own sperm.
        
               | hindsightbias wrote:
               | > the science is still out
               | 
               | Same thing I heard for decades about AGW. And still do.
               | In fact, they probably make up a majority in Congress.
               | There were decades of people out there saying the science
               | was still out to worry warts asking about the wisdom of
               | dumping gigatons of CO2 into the atmosphere.
               | 
               | We don't have to worry about someones grandchildren
               | starving in 2060 if they aren't going to be born in the
               | first place.
               | 
               | I know more than a few white conservatives who have had
               | to use IVF, and the AGW-denying IVF doctor I know rants
               | about phthalates/plastics even though it's good for her
               | business. We have a 100X more opportunity to convince
               | them of plastics action than we do of climate action.
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | Are you trying to give a masterclass on logical
               | fallacies?
               | 
               | >Same thing I heard for decades about AGW.In fact, they
               | probably make up a majority in Congress. There were
               | decades of people out there saying the science was still
               | out to worry warts asking about the wisdom of dumping
               | gigatons of CO2 into the atmosphere.
               | 
               | People can _deny_ the science, but C02 concentration is
               | the mechanism for global climate eras and we 've known
               | that for almost 200 years [1]. I don't care who believes
               | in science because that has no impact on whether it is
               | correct or not (only you, my fellow scientist, can
               | determine that for yourself).
               | 
               | There is no agreed-upon mechanism for how microplastics
               | harm humans, but again to the point of science, if you
               | can point me to proof, I'd love to see it.
               | 
               | Long story short, you are very likely making a false
               | comparison between those two topics.
               | 
               | >We don't have to worry about someones grandchildren
               | starving in 2060 if they aren't going to be born in the
               | first place.
               | 
               | Sure, and again, show me the proof/model that this is
               | going to lead to the end of mankind. I's _love_ to see
               | it.
               | 
               | >I know more than a few white conservatives who have had
               | to use IVF, and the AGW-denying IVF doctor I know rants
               | about phthalates/plastics even though it's good for her
               | business. We have a 100X more opportunity to convince
               | them of plastics action than we do of climate action.
               | 
               | We have a 1,000,000x better chance of convincing them
               | that Trump is an immortal demigod, doesn't mean we should
               | _do_ it.
               | 
               | Again, we should dedicate effort to things that _we know
               | matter_ even if it requires effort.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S16
               | 3107131...
        
               | highwaylights wrote:
               | Only thing I'd add is that at no point was I claiming
               | that climate change was not serious or urgent.
               | 
               | My point is that people at large generally don't care
               | enough to be really bothered by climate change, so
               | there's no budget in the limited attention we as a
               | species are willing to set aside for inconvenient truths
               | to consider much else.
        
       | FollowingTheDao wrote:
       | Not one mention in the comments about EMFs yet? Here you go:
       | 
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S230505001...
       | 
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041202...
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | > Sperm counts worldwide are plummeting
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRgNOyCnbqg
       | 
       | Maybe there's a correlation?
        
       | wraptile wrote:
        
       | greenhearth wrote:
       | We're going to be fine. We'll just clone ourselves like Futurama.
        
       | victorbstan wrote:
       | On the one hand we have an overpopulation problem, on the other
       | we have a lowered fertility problem? What's the issue?
        
         | scld wrote:
         | Well, for one, we don't have an overpopulation problem.
        
       | ciconia wrote:
       | 2017 study:
       | https://academic.oup.com/humupd/article/23/6/646/4035689 2022
       | study: https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-
       | infra.com/static/site/h...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | nradov wrote:
       | For those who want more details this is an interesting podcast
       | interview with Dr. Shanna Swan.
       | 
       | https://open.spotify.com/episode/6pLW2tMx4Kw5qaeAcxj0Lj?si=q...
        
       | rubicon33 wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_disruptor#Routes_of_...
       | 
       | Just read this section and you'll immediately realize how
       | depressingly grave this situation is. We're living in a world
       | that is so massively synthetic that it's basically impossible to
       | avoid these endocrine disruptors.
       | 
       | They're in your floors. They're in your shower curtains. They in
       | your food. They're in your sunscreen. They're in the literal dust
       | that floats in your house.
       | 
       | What can you do?
        
       | kneebonian wrote:
       | It is interesting, I have a friend group that consists of about 5
       | married couples all of whom have been having issues conceiving
       | and have been trying for a while now, but are still having
       | issues. Curiously enough my wife and I just had our 4th and every
       | time we've conceived within two months (even when I was hoping it
       | would take a little longer).
       | 
       | From what I hear our friends story is not unusual and many in our
       | age bracket 20-30 year olds are struggling to have children.
       | 
       | Don't really know what my point is except it is interesting and I
       | am wondering what the potential impact of the increased
       | difficulty in having children is.
        
         | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
         | Interesting. Our first took about 4 or 5 months? I think my
         | wife stopped her birth control at the end of July and we
         | conceived in December. Our second took 2 months, my wife
         | stopped her birth control in September and we conceived in
         | November. We're both in our mid-30s.
         | 
         | Anecdotally, my wife's sister and her husband have been trying
         | for almost a year? And they've had one miscarriage and nothing
         | else.
        
           | AuryGlenz wrote:
           | My wife's sister got pregnant her second time before she even
           | had her period after their first baby. My wife and I tried 3
           | years with several IUI rounds and eventually had to resort to
           | IVF.
        
           | idlehand wrote:
           | I think a higher rate of miscarriages also limits post-30s
           | fertility for many women. A miscarriage is at least one and
           | often multiple months of time lost, while the clock is
           | ticking.
        
         | philyorkhunt wrote:
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bhouston wrote:
         | > the potential impact of the increased difficulty in having
         | children is.
         | 
         | Less people in the world. Look at Japan and South Korean
         | population projections out 50 to 75 years -- they may cut their
         | populations in half, and it could keep going? Hard to
         | extrapolate trends out that far though...
        
           | aspyct wrote:
           | Sorry, but isn't that a good thing? Putting aside the fact
           | that we're (at least in Europe) paying for a pension fund
           | we'll never have, isn't reducing the amount of people on
           | earth the right solution for basically all problems long
           | term?
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Good or bad depends on too many other variables to easily
             | forecast.
             | 
             | We could, in principle, if we really were all willing,
             | rapidly transition to a beautiful solar-hippie future where
             | all the food was either vegan or GM bacterial derived milk
             | [0] or vat-grown cultured flesh. The Earth can support
             | hundreds of billions this way using only land that is
             | currently desert.
             | 
             | We almost certainly won't do that, but we could.
             | 
             | Conversely, rapid depopulation can mess up our economy. How
             | rapid is too rapid? I don't know.
             | 
             | This outcome is IMO more plausible than the solar-hippie
             | outcome. Still not certain, as 75 years of technological
             | change is _a lot_ and could very plausibility give us
             | medicine that seems like magic today -- the last 75
             | includes the eradication of smallpox; the first of each of
             | kidney, heart, heart-and-lung, liver, face, uterus, womb,
             | penis, hand, arm, and leg transplants; first each of
             | pacemaker, cochlear implants, artificial heart; first CT,
             | PET, medical ultrasound, and MRI; first stem cell therapy;
             | robot assisted surgery; organ culture for lab-grown (some
             | of the are still experimental) noses, ears, skin, kidneys,
             | liver, and bladders; the defibrillator; oral
             | contraceptives; genetic engineering; and too many vaccines
             | to bother listing.
             | 
             | The next 75 years could, not implausibly, give us anti-
             | aging drugs that keep us in peak health until whatever
             | kills us; or give us external artificial wombs; or at the
             | very least, turn skin cells into healthy sperm in-vitro.
             | 
             | [0] why isn't this already a thing? Vegan cheese
             | substitutes are 45% mediocre, 45% just bad, and 10% single
             | use case things like smoked tofu
        
             | adamsmith143 wrote:
             | Basically every major economy completely relies on the fact
             | that there will be more workers/consumers in the future
             | when you break that trend you break the economy. Expect
             | South Korea, Japan and others with demographic inversions
             | coming to have major major issues in the future.
        
             | smcg wrote:
             | It's reductionist at best to say that it solves all
             | problems. It definitely creates some others and doesn't
             | solve everything.
        
             | ghiculescu wrote:
             | If there are less kids, the ability to pay for your pension
             | fund in 40 years time will be much much harder than it is
             | today. So barring other fundamental changes, more kids will
             | help.
             | 
             | Most other problems on earth will be solved by more
             | technology.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | This is an issue with the pension system. I don't believe
               | we're overpopulated but it is clearly a bad system when
               | it relies on a constant flow of more children
        
               | ghiculescu wrote:
               | There's many problems with the pension system, but the
               | fact it requires humanity to continue to reproduce isn't
               | one of them.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | Not what I said. That it requires an increasing number of
               | children to adults to continue is the issue. Personal
               | retirement accounts is a much better alternative.
        
               | BeFlatXIII wrote:
               | It requires humanity to grow its numbers, this making it
               | a pyramid scheme.
        
               | Qem wrote:
               | Growth helps, but it's not required. What is actually
               | required is stability in the age pyramid. The problem is
               | we transitioned suddenly from high growth to a population
               | crash. Now the age pyramid resembles more a propane tank
               | shape, and the pension system went haywire. A very slow
               | transition would be easier to adapt to.
        
             | rocknor wrote:
             | Population reduction is good, but once the world population
             | falls to say 500M and you want to maintain it, you need ~2
             | babies per woman on average. If conceiving becomes
             | difficult, we may not achieve that and hypothetically end
             | up in a _Children Of Men_ situation.
        
             | AuryGlenz wrote:
             | Not if it's unequal, and infertility is a cruel way to
             | lower the population. Wanting kids and struggling to have
             | them absolutely wrecks you emotionally, and it's even worse
             | for women.
             | 
             | But also, if it's chemically related it might hit first
             | world countries harder than third world countries. Imagine
             | what would happen if all aid was cut to Africa.
        
         | simonsquiff wrote:
         | One tip - get some ovulation sticks. My wife and I never
         | realised but the egg is actually only around for a single day -
         | it must be fertilised in those 24 hours. If you have sex after
         | that there is zero chance of conceiving, sperm can hang around
         | so you can conceive with sex a few days before. But outside
         | that really small window you are wasting your time. The actual
         | accurate window is massive guess work - some women are not that
         | regular with ovulation. Ovulation sticks tell you exactly
         | what's going on - tell you when ovulation is coming, so that's
         | when you have lots of sex. Before we used them we basically had
         | sex loads (outside this window) which was worse than nothing as
         | it makes you less likely to be going hard in the right window.
         | First time we used the sticks she got pregnant immediately.
         | 
         | We had a friend who had been trying for 8 years to have a kid,
         | told us she was just about giving up and thinking of adoption.
         | We asked if she used the ovulation sticks - "what are they??"
         | We gave her the rest of ours and a couple of months later she
         | was pregnant, now has a baby. So yeah, these things don't seem
         | to be as well known as they should be, and can be a massive
         | help.
        
           | berjin wrote:
           | The woman's libido should be really high when she is fertile
           | and men can tell as well; She smells better, and mechanically
           | the sex works better as there is there is more lubrication
           | and it just feels much better.
        
           | jimbob45 wrote:
           | To add to this, home sperm test kits can help rule out the
           | man as well. Some men don't know to avoid vigorous exercise,
           | hot showers, and jacuzzis until they realize how low their
           | sperm counts actually are. (The below kit isn't the only kit.
           | Shop around if this is pertinent to your interests because I
           | don't want to feel like I'm shilling this specific one).
           | 
           | https://www.amazon.com/YO-Android-Description-
           | Compatibility-...
        
         | beowulfey wrote:
         | I think many people would be surprised at how many couples have
         | done IVF recently... I wish I had reliable numbers for it.
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | This seems scary to me. Imagine a world where children have
           | to be conceived in this way: it would be trivial for some
           | authoritarian governments to now control child birth. I don't
           | mean disincentivizing like China did but actual control.
        
             | asmor wrote:
             | Republican anti-abortion lobby groups are already planning
             | this.
             | 
             | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tennessee-republicans-
             | abortio...
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | AuryGlenz wrote:
           | I was surprised at what the other clients looked like in our
           | IVF clinic's waiting room. I was expecting us to be the only
           | youngish, fit couple. Instead they all looked like us other
           | than one woman who was maybe 35 or so.
        
         | dibt wrote:
         | > many in our age bracket 20-30 year olds are struggling to
         | have children
         | 
         | Wow... I would have thought you were referring to people that
         | were older.
         | 
         | I wonder what the common denominator is there, or if your
         | experience is an outlier. It's obviously noteworthy enough to
         | share. Maybe people that conceive without issue aren't
         | commenting on it as much?
        
           | meristem wrote:
           | Some fertility problems go unnoticed for a decade. I suggest
           | to my younger (25-29) female friends to have their egg
           | reserve estimated, even if they at that point are not
           | thinking about ever having children. This is because the
           | original issue can be upstream of the couple: a parent who
           | had early menopause, or low ovarian reserve, may pass similar
           | characteristics down to their female progeny.
           | 
           | (Source: conversations with IVF team)
        
             | dibt wrote:
             | > I suggest to my younger (25-29) female friends to have
             | their egg reserve estimated
             | 
             | hmm... yeah, this would be an interesting biomarker for
             | those in their twenties. It could be valuable later in
             | life.
             | 
             | I was surprised to learn women are born with 1-2 million
             | eggs. By 20 years old, they only have 200k-300k left. They
             | lose more every year.
        
           | confuseddesi wrote:
           | I wonder if there is any correlation with the use of hormonal
           | birth control prior to attempting to conceive.
        
             | dibt wrote:
             | Yes, I wonder the same.
             | 
             | After learning about the side effects of birth control,
             | it's concerning that it's the default recommendation for
             | young women, and that they're on it all the time. I
             | understand why. I don't know what a reasonable alternative
             | would be. Abstinence isn't a reasonable alternative.
        
               | svieira wrote:
               | If abstinence is a reasonable alternative for anything
               | other than sex (don't eat meat, don't use gasoline, etc.)
               | it's also a reasonable alternative for sex. Some won't
               | agree that limiting your "core" desires in any way is
               | reasonable - and I agree. I just disagree that eating,
               | sleeping, or sex are "core" desires. They are secondary
               | to the real core need - happiness.
        
               | dibt wrote:
               | > (don't eat meat, don't use gasoline, etc.)
               | 
               | Your examples are not comparable to abstaining from sex.
               | 
               | It would be like saying "don't eat any food" and "don't
               | use locomotion to move from point A to point B."
               | 
               | > I just disagree that eating, sleeping, or sex are
               | "core" desires.
               | 
               | I may not be understanding this. Eating and sleeping are
               | obviously requirements for anyone's life, and sex is
               | required for the continuation of all life.
        
               | all2 wrote:
               | Sex is not required for individual survival. Food and
               | transportation are necessary for individual survival.
               | 
               | You are conflating species and individual survival. Sex
               | is required for the continuation of the species, but not
               | for the survival of an individual in that species.
        
               | svieira wrote:
               | It is definitely possible to go your whole life without
               | having sex. Much like it is possible to go your whole
               | life without loosing your temper. It may not be easy, but
               | it is definitely possible.
               | 
               | But all of them appear to be "core" desires to us because
               | they are immediate, potent forces. But just because these
               | appetites are strong doesn't make them necessary.
               | Everyone has to eat something but (in the general case)
               | "you don't have to eat _that_ *right now* " is true. Same
               | with sleep - you don't need to sleep as much as you think
               | you do (and you probably should be sleeping some times
               | when you don't feel like it). So we come to sex. Is sex
               | necessary for the continuation of the human race? Yes. Is
               | it necessary _for you_ to have sex _at all_? No. (Again,
               | in the general case).
        
         | anon291 wrote:
         | I'm a Catholic and fairly traditionally minded and am surprised
         | by what you're saying since at my church, couples in this age
         | range are on their fourth or fifth kid by the time they're 30.
         | 
         | Even amongst the newest married couples, most are expecting
         | within the first year.
         | 
         | I understand we have different beliefs and such but since we're
         | all in the same environment, how do we explain the simultaneous
         | existence of the seemingly normal-to-hyper fertile?
         | 
         | Surely there is more than just 'its environmental'
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | Age matters massively. People getting married in their 30s
           | and trying to conceive in their mid-30s are going to have a
           | much harder time than young people in their early and mid
           | 20s. It's really not a linear drop off in terms of difficulty
           | either - it's fairly exponential.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | I think people assume that since a woman who had her first
             | kid at 20 can still have kids at 40 that you can start
             | anytime along that line - I suspect that's not the case for
             | various reasons.
        
             | anon291 wrote:
             | The comment I responded to was about 20 - 30 year olds
             | though. Age .. I totally get that, and the effect in this
             | very group is also obvious. Children are typically front
             | loaded and then the youngest are born in a more spaced out
             | fashion.
        
           | swat535 wrote:
           | Not sure why your comment is downvoted but you have a point..
           | 
           | The difference is that religious couples should always be
           | open to life so in a sense they are always "trying" as
           | contraceptives are not allowed (except for NFP) hence their
           | chances go up. Further they are encouraged to married sooner
           | than later sense they should abstain from sex until then.
           | 
           | It makes sense that younger couples having lots of sex
           | without contraception will end up having more children than
           | their counterparts.
        
             | anon291 wrote:
             | Yeah that makes sense to me. I also think a lot of
             | fertility doctors are hoodwinking couples into thinking
             | something is wrong with them if they haven't conceived
             | within a year. I think it'll happen for most people
             | eventually (and the stats agree). Of course, it eases
             | nerves if your 'eventually' is longer because you're
             | younger.
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | Yep--age is everything.
           | 
           | Most professional couples don't even marry until 30s, and
           | even if married sooner, don't try for kids until later.
           | 
           | My wife and I struggled, yet my wifes sister keeps having
           | kids. Difference was wife's sister started early, whereas
           | wife and I were married at 35.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Some of it may be psychosomatic - of the "Catholic group" I
           | know of only two couples have had issues, and one resolved
           | after they adopted (and immediately got twins and have three
           | girls that are the same age).
           | 
           | You may also have the age issue - starting at 20 is a lot
           | different than starting at 30.
        
             | anon291 wrote:
             | The age I agree with, but the comment I responded to said
             | that anecdotally, he knew many people in the 20-30 age
             | range, which is surprising to me.
        
           | mlac wrote:
           | Anecdata also Catholic. NFP and hormone therapy worked but it
           | was a journey. Tried for 2+ years before realizing we had an
           | issue and did NFP to conceive. Lots of other Catholic couples
           | struggling with it go that route as it is a church-approved
           | method.
           | 
           | Tried for 6 years (age 25-31). Finally considered adoption
           | and then got pregnant and lost the first baby in a
           | miscarriage. Had a healthy second baby at 32. Now have a
           | third healthy baby at 34.
           | 
           | I think a lot of factors combine, but will state that we
           | moved an average of once per year until age 30, so
           | subconsciously we probably didn't feel settled. It's a very
           | complex topic with too many variables to effectively model.
           | And even when pregnancy occurs miscarriage rates are high.
           | 
           | I'll note that young couples with kids are much more obvious
           | in church (they make noise) and more likely to be at masses
           | with other families. Young couples without kids often go to
           | the later masses (in cities sometimes 9 PM).
        
           | kneebonian wrote:
           | > I understand we have different beliefs and such but since
           | we're all in the same environment,
           | 
           | Interesting you mention that the group I am referring to and
           | myself are all members of religion generally associated with
           | large families as well.
           | 
           | I should also clarify all of them have at least 2 kids at
           | this point. Which is another interesting data point of many
           | of them didn't have difficulty with their first couple of
           | kids but now are struggling.
        
             | anon291 wrote:
             | Okay, well you didn't mention this. This is certainly more
             | interesting. I've heard of one couple that I know who are
             | having issues, but they are now much older than they were.
             | I'll have to wait and see. I don't really have any anecdata
             | to confirm or dispute here.
             | 
             | I wish them the best of luck.
             | 
             | I will say, the first couple of kids make it harder to
             | conceive the rest. Logistically speaking... And also ,
             | men's and women's stress levels with young children cannot
             | be good for fertility
        
           | AntiRemoteWork wrote:
        
           | someweirdperson wrote:
           | > are on their fourth or fifth kid by the time they're 30.
           | 
           | That's the difference. Couples that plan explicitly typically
           | don't plan their firstborn before 30.
        
             | idlehand wrote:
             | My wife and I plan to have all our kids before 30. We're
             | doing well above average financially, and we want to be
             | young while our kids are young. She is currently pregnant
             | with our first.
             | 
             | It helps that she is not very career-minded, I have the
             | opportunity to work from home, and I'm working a role where
             | I earn well and never need to do overtime.
        
             | anon291 wrote:
             | In what sense? My wife and I certainly planned our first
             | child very young (for the US at least; internationally, we
             | were on the late end, like most Americans)
        
               | ldh0011 wrote:
               | I suspect the increasingly shrinking demographic of
               | churchgoers is different in this regard from the rest of
               | the population. I think they're right in saying people
               | who plan _typically_ don 't plan children for before 30,
               | I don't know anyone near my age (early 20s) who is doing
               | that; many don't want children at all.
        
         | nervousvarun wrote:
         | n=1 but with my daughter we had issues and ended up resorting
         | to IVF.
         | 
         | During the "issues" phase my count was tested and was
         | considered good...problem is/was on my wife's side...all to say
         | conception issues aren't all down to sperm counts (not that you
         | implied that, just wanted it out there).
        
           | AuryGlenz wrote:
           | That's true, but keep in mind there are issues that can
           | happen on the women's side where you having twice as many
           | sperm could brute force their way past it. One example would
           | be her immune system attacking your sperm.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | better phrasing: while trying to conceive our daughter :)
        
             | vinibrito wrote:
             | xD Jesus!
        
         | gitfan86 wrote:
         | In my experience it was a stress issue for the couples that
         | were having trouble that I know.
         | 
         | One friend and his wife gave up alcohol, caffeine and meat, it
         | seemed like there was just a ton of stress they had put on
         | getting pregnant for 6 months. It wasn't until after they took
         | a break from trying that they got pregnant one night after
         | drinking.
         | 
         | I think modern medicine somewhat ignores how powerful the human
         | mind is. It is possible that my friend wasn't actually
         | performing as well as he thought he was, also possible that the
         | wife had 'calculated' the exact day that conception should
         | happen. Instead of listening to her body, evolutionarily it
         | would be advantageous for women to be horny while most fertile
         | in the cycle.
        
           | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
           | Actually, 6 cycles is statistical average for conceiving.
        
           | lambdaba wrote:
           | > alcohol, caffeine and meat
           | 
           | one of these is definitely not like the others...
           | 
           | An all-meat diet I would bet is the best to conceive, because
           | it's the best for hormonal health, judging by the countless
           | anecdotes (e.g. women regaining their cycles after many
           | years) I'm seeing.
           | 
           | Anyway, I just wanted to point that out, it's still shocking
           | to me that people still believe that meat is detrimental to
           | health.
        
             | loopdoend wrote:
             | The type of meat matters, I would look into Neu5Gc.
        
             | pcthrowaway wrote:
             | Ahh, anecdotes about consuming meat, I can't think of
             | anything more scientifically rigorous and less influenced
             | by sentiment.
             | 
             | My own anecdotes tell me that eating meat vastly decreases
             | your fertility rate. Some anecdotes add that it's because
             | of the animal hormones you consume, others state that it's
             | because meat-eating is associated with other health
             | conditions which interfere with conception (obesity, high
             | cholesterol, cancer), and yet other anecdotes don't assign
             | a cause to the increased fertility from leaving out meat.
             | 
             | As anecdotes, these are all of course, incredibly
             | scientific.
        
               | biohacker85 wrote:
               | Meat has been a staple of the human diet since recorded
               | history. Its basically a science experiment spanning
               | millenia with favorable results for meat-eating--no
               | anecdotes necessary.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | So has woodsmoke been - and we know that any amount of
               | that is bad for us.
               | 
               | The fact that it has happened for a long time is not
               | evidence that it is good or beneficial.
        
               | tclancy wrote:
               | https://defector.com/who-could-have-possibly-predicted-
               | the-b...
        
               | lambdaba wrote:
               | you're being terribly dishonest if you mean to suggest
               | this has anything to do with the carnivore diet
        
               | lambdaba wrote:
               | When the anecdotes all seem the go completely against the
               | prevailing narrative ("meat is like smoking!") and there
               | are huge numbers of them, that has got to pique your
               | interest https://carnivore.diet/?s=cycle (try different
               | search terms, YouTube is also a great source).
               | 
               | This thread is full of anecdotes so I'm just the
               | messenger of some I know of. I don't care about science
               | when our bodies are burning because of the terrible
               | advice some of the "science" has been giving us.
               | 
               | - dietary cholesterol is good and cholesterol is not the
               | problem, triglyceride/cholesterol ratio is
               | 
               | - hormones from meat... that's just not having a sense of
               | scale, don't know how to put it, of course everything is
               | going to have some tiny amount of hormones, even the
               | vegans' beloved soy
        
               | chimprich wrote:
               | > I don't care about science
               | 
               | Only slightly taken out of context, but telling I think.
               | 
               | Anecdotally (again), all the healthiest people I know get
               | lots of exercise, eat a reasonable amount of carbs from
               | wholemeal/wholegrain and vegetable sources, some fat and
               | some protein. This is the "official" recommended diet by
               | most authorities, and has a lot going for it, apart from
               | being boringly conventional (so therefore unattractive to
               | people who are excited by these threads).
               | 
               | The unhealthy people I know jump from diet to diet in an
               | attempt to take a shortcut to fitness, singing the
               | praises of the most recent one (...but if the last one
               | was so great, why did you have to change it again?)
               | 
               | There are problems with the carnivore diet, including
               | lack of fibre, micronutrients, red meat association with
               | colorectal cancer, and so on. In addition it's bad for
               | the environment and would be unsustainable if we all
               | switched to it.
        
               | rafaelero wrote:
               | > Only slightly taken out of context, but telling I
               | think.
               | 
               | I always wonder how do these people get to Hacker News?
               | This is a somewhat sophisticated audience but nonetheless
               | we always have these meat-obsessed comments on tangential
               | topics.
        
               | d3nj4l wrote:
               | I'm sure the good people at carnivore dot diet are
               | completely unbiased and neutral agents in this debate.
        
               | lambdaba wrote:
               | You could probably also be sure that this isn't the only
               | source.
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | Well, that or all the endocrine disruptors just made it take
           | forever.
           | 
           | Probably just took them a long time and they happened to
           | conceive after making those changes.
           | 
           | Certainly they tried many methods over time, and with a low%
           | chance per attempt, they'll conceive after a bunch of
           | 'interventions'.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | My guess is luck. In my little circle of friends, nobody had
         | any trouble conceiving. Heck, some were provably one-and-done
         | (sad though it may sound, one of my friends only had sex with
         | his wife when she was ready for them to have kids. Do it, wait
         | a few weeks, try again, but they didn't have to try twice for
         | either of their kids). One of my friends had two kids and his
         | wife really wanted a third, then they had twins. Ha, whoops!
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | Many old people tell us about all types of fertility ceremonies
         | etc available to us at a local shrine in order to help my
         | partner and I get pregnant if we needed it.
         | 
         | I don't think it's all that new to be honest, else these
         | ceremonies wouldn't exist.
        
         | rc_hackernews wrote:
         | This has been my exact experience too. Wife and I...no trouble
         | conceiving.
         | 
         | Friends in late 20's to early 30's have had a lot of trouble
         | conceiving, i.e. they needed to do IVF.
         | 
         | Not sure what's going on with that, and this is purely
         | anecdotal, but I've been hearing people having troubles having
         | kids a lot it seems.
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | Are you guys really bragging about your fecund sperms on HN?
           | 
           | What's your secret? Is it the microdosing?
        
             | matai_kolila wrote:
             | I wonder if it's because this is probably the only place
             | they feel they can get away with bragging, but have been
             | "proud" of their "accomplishment" for some time now.
        
             | rc_hackernews wrote:
             | In no way was my intention to brag. I'm pretty sure it
             | wasn't the parent commenter's intention either. Just people
             | reflecting and commenting on their experiences on this
             | topic.
             | 
             | I'll keep in mind how comments like that come off in the
             | future.
        
       | Jemm wrote:
       | Waiting for the studies on how endocrine-disrupting chemicals
       | affect children and gender identity.
        
         | berjin wrote:
         | It wouldn't be surprising if something is going on. Shanna
         | Swan's research shows that male genitals (penis size and
         | 'taint' size) are more feminine when the baby is exposed to
         | phthalates in the womb as the levels of testosterone are lower
         | and this leads to impaired development.
        
       | halpmeh wrote:
       | The age at which children enter puberty is also decreasing pretty
       | rapidly, especially for girls [0]. 20% of Gen Z identifies as
       | LGBTQ, which is nearly twice that of millennials [1]. Clearly
       | something is going on with our collective hormones.
       | 
       | [0]:
       | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2019.00147...
       | [1]: https://www.axios.com/2022/02/17/lgbtq-generation-z-gallup
        
       | lurquer wrote:
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | barbariangrunge wrote:
       | Is exposure to plastics a risk factor? I might be handling a lot
       | of library books and those books are often wrapped in
       | polyurethane to help protect the covers. Over years, are there
       | any health risks to that?
       | 
       | Example of the protective covers:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/v-ZnoPHCtxI
        
       | JPKab wrote:
       | The lack of federally funded research on this topic is
       | astounding. It's been like this for a long time, but ignored.
       | 
       | Even more notably has been the lack of curiosity from the media
       | and academia.
       | 
       | They simply shrug and move on, as if the root cause of this isn't
       | something we should look into as potentially causing other
       | problems that are even worse.
       | 
       | Edit:
       | 
       | The downvotes without any comment refuting this highlight the
       | issue. This is a topic that should elicit more curiosity than it
       | does, and we should ask ourselves why it doesn't.
       | 
       | I worked in intel/defense for over 10 years, and part of our post
       | Iraq WMD training was looking for signs of bias/motivated
       | reasoning that are a sign of the group think that allowed for a
       | war to be started based on false pretenses. One of the biggest
       | indicators:
       | 
       | "A lack of curiosity about a phenomenon/event/factor where it
       | should be expected."
        
         | vinyl7 wrote:
         | Well I mean, given the public discourse of the past decade...it
         | seems to me that they _want_ the population to decline. So it
         | makes sense that no one has in interest in investigating this.
        
           | bhouston wrote:
           | "they want the population to decline"
           | 
           | Who is "they"?
        
             | jtbayly wrote:
             | Some portion of commenters on HN, for one.
             | 
             | There are plenty of people who are so desperate about
             | anthropogenic global warming that they're willing to forgo
             | having children and proclaim that the disastrous decline in
             | fertility rates in places like Korea (see recent HN thread)
             | are actually good and necessary because we need fewer
             | humans on this earth.
        
               | coldpie wrote:
               | Yo. Number 1 reason I'm not having kids is I don't like
               | kids. Number 2 reason is I don't think it's ethical to
               | intentionally bring a child into a world that's going to
               | be torn to pieces by climate disasters & wars.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | People throughout history continued having children
               | through wars, disasters, and climate changes (ice age)
               | worse than anything that our children will experience.
               | Climate change is a problem, but a manageable one. No
               | need to panic.
               | 
               | https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/bjorn-lomborg/false-
               | alarm/...
        
               | coldpie wrote:
               | > The majority of scientists reacted negatively to The
               | Skeptical Environmentalist and he was formally accused of
               | scientific misconduct over the book; the Danish
               | Committees on Scientific Dishonesty concluded in an
               | evaluation of the book that "one couldn't prove that
               | Lomborg had deliberately been scientifically dishonest,
               | although he had broken the rules of scientific practice
               | in that he interpreted results beyond the conclusions of
               | the authors he cited." His positions on climate change
               | have been challenged by experts and characterised as
               | cherry picking.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rn_Lomborg
               | 
               | Ehh.
               | 
               | If we were actually on a positive trajectory with a
               | glimmer of hope on the horizon, I might agree with you.
               | But we're not. Things are bad and the trends are only
               | getting worse. Many places will become uninhabitable; the
               | residents will emigrate elsewhere; the places being
               | migrated to will react by electing right-wing
               | nationalists; some resource or border conflict will
               | result in war. It's gonna be bad. I'm not going to feed
               | more lives into that meat grinder.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Wikipedia is heavily manipulated and not considered a
               | reliable source on scientific issues. Do you have a
               | substantive criticism of Bjorn Lomborg's positions?
               | 
               | https://lexfridman.com/climate-change-debate/
               | 
               | People have been confidently predicting doom for
               | millennia, yet it keeps on not happening. Humans are
               | pretty resilient.
        
               | coldpie wrote:
               | I mean unless you're a climate scientist yourself, at
               | some point you have to choose your experts to trust.
               | Almost every climate scientist disagrees with this guy.
               | I'm far more likely to trust the IPCC and their hundreds
               | of experts than I am this single guy.
               | 
               | See especially pages 16-17 of the Summary Report for
               | policy-makers: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloa
               | ds/report/IPCC_AR6...
               | 
               | We're well on track to blow past 2C of warming, where
               | every single risk/impact category as at the top of the
               | scale ("Very High").
               | 
               | A popsci summary, if you prefer:
               | https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/04/ipcc-report-the-
               | next...
               | 
               | > People have been confidently predicting doom for
               | millennia, yet it keeps on not happening. Humans are
               | pretty resilient.
               | 
               | I'm definitely not predicting extinction, however massive
               | climate-driven impacts are unavoidable, and large-scale
               | war seems an almost inevitable consequence of those
               | impacts. Large-scale war has definitely happened before,
               | quite a few times.
        
               | JPKab wrote:
               | You and my father have something in common:
               | 
               | He is an "apocalyptic environmentalist" in the sense that
               | he believes climate change is going to be such a
               | catastrophic event that human existence will be
               | miserable. When I was a kid, he was an evangelical
               | Christian who believed the end times were coming any day.
               | He had a nasty divorce, a mid-life crisis, met a woman
               | who worked at PETA, became a radical vegan, and then,
               | surprise surprise, once again embraced a new form of
               | apocalypse to replace the End Times one: climate
               | apocalypse.
               | 
               | He's a mathematically illiterate narcissist, a
               | psychological subtype who is known to be the most prone
               | to apocalyptic ideologies.
               | 
               | Every generation in history has had a significant
               | minority who believed that the end of the world is
               | coming. Congratulation, you're one of them in this
               | generation.
               | 
               | Climate change is real. Excess CO2 caused warming is
               | going to create major challenges for the planet. Humanity
               | will go on, we will innovate our way out of it, and like
               | every Malthusian cult throughout history, you and your
               | fellow apocalypse believers will be proven wrong until
               | you find a new reason to ruin everyone's dinners with
               | negativity.
               | 
               | The churches my dad had me in when I was a kid taught me
               | how deranged people can be, and how good it makes them
               | feel to be part of a heroic tribe trying to warn everyone
               | the world is ending. I know what it looks like, I've seen
               | it Christians, I've seen it in hippies, and I see it in
               | yuppies now too.
        
               | jackmott42 wrote:
               | World population is still growing. It seems ironic you
               | are casting aspersions towards people desperately trying
               | to fight climate change, when you are desperately worried
               | about population decline, when it isn't declining.
        
               | xienze wrote:
               | It IS declining in western countries though, which is
               | where all the "stop having children, you're killing the
               | earth!" propaganda is concentrated. ALL the population
               | growth is happening in Africa and parts of Asia, that's
               | it. But curiously, no one is chiding poor Africans for
               | having so many children.
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | >But curiously, no one is chiding poor Africans for
               | having so many children.
               | 
               | Really? Most people acknowledge that it's very bad.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | Not only global warming, but actual rate of resource
               | consumption and pollution is way, way too high.
        
             | teeray wrote:
             | Usually "they" in this context refers to "the powers that
             | be"
        
             | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
             | Climate activists, at least generally speaking.
        
             | weberer wrote:
             | >the media and academia
        
         | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
         | Its the same with obesity, which has been sharply increasing in
         | much of the world since the 1970s, but pretty much all the
         | conventional explanations (increased availability, excess
         | sugar, excess carbs, excess fat, decreased physical activity,
         | etc.) don't seem to stand up to scrutiny.
         | 
         | Hypothesis: the cause in both cases is likely industrial
         | contaminants considered essential to the running of modern
         | civilization, so nobody wants to, or is encouraged not to, look
         | too hard.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | Doesn't the existence of anorexia (which appears to be
           | socially transmissible) and the fact that people who take up
           | hobbies like bodybuilding are able to manage their fat levels
           | well suggest that environmental contaminants aren't the whole
           | story? The staple bodybuilding foods are rice and chicken
           | breast. That's about as industrialized as you can get.
           | 
           | If there were people getting fat eating broccoli, potatoes,
           | chicken, and salad I would buy the contamination argument,
           | but when you look at what people who have trouble managing
           | their weight actually eat it is never simple foods like that.
        
             | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
             | > Doesn't the existence of anorexia (which appears to be
             | socially transmissible) and the fact that people who take
             | up hobbies like bodybuilding are able to manage their fat
             | levels well suggest that environmental contaminants aren't
             | the whole story?
             | 
             | No? Genetics is the best predictor of obesity, but as with
             | drugs any contaminant would have varying degrees of effect
             | on the population, including sometimes a paradoxical
             | effect.
             | 
             | > If there were people getting fat eating broccoli,
             | potatoes, chicken, and salad I would buy the contamination
             | argument, but when you look at what people who have trouble
             | managing their weight actually eat it is never simple foods
             | like that.
             | 
             | And a whole lot of people are not getting fat at all eating
             | foods like and barely exercising. Why do some people have
             | to pay attention to what they eat and others don't? Why has
             | the percentage of the population that is obese increasing?
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | Paradoxical effects are rare and tend to happen only with
               | psychoactive medications. I see very little evidence for
               | paradoxical effects playing a major role, but obviously
               | it can't be ruled out entirely. I don't find paradoxical
               | effects a convincing explanation for anorexia because of
               | how people develop anorexia. You can become anorexic
               | merely by changing your social circle or even your
               | desired social circle, so why would a paradoxical effect
               | occur in that situation when presumably the environment
               | hasn't changed in terms of chemical consumption.
               | 
               | > Why has the percentage of the population that is obese
               | increasing?
               | 
               | Most likely explanation is that they are eating foods
               | that aren't satiating and that are high calorie, foods
               | that weren't common in the past. Like I said earlier,
               | people who are eating simple foods like the ones I listed
               | don't get fat. Genetics seems to play a role in that some
               | people can eat junk and feel full but most can't.
        
           | Arete314159 wrote:
           | I read an interesting study on this. It showed that obesity
           | rates were lower in places like Colorado, and theorized that
           | the reason was that they were at the headwaters of their
           | water source, so there was less opportunity for contaminants
           | to enter their water.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | JPKab wrote:
             | I live in Colorado, and I think it's just less oxygen and
             | its effects on metabolism.
             | 
             | It's definitely not a topic that's examined enough.
        
             | francisofascii wrote:
             | That is interesting, but probably the reason is the highly
             | active/outdoor culture of Colorado leads to lower obesity
             | rates and people who are less obese move to Colorado.
        
               | JPKab wrote:
               | Nope. It's altitude. I live in Colorado.
               | 
               | The science on this altitude effect has been pretty
               | thoroughly conducted, with potential correlating factors
               | accounted for in multivariate regression models.
               | 
               | Denver and its suburbs are FILLED with people who are as
               | unhealthy and inactive as the rest of the country. Even
               | in these places, in the poorest neighborhoods, they are
               | less obese.
               | 
               | I have an identical twin brother who lives in Portland,
               | and since I've moved here I've stayed about 10-15 lbs
               | lighter than him. It's a single, anecdotal data point,
               | and completely unscientific, but he swears he eats
               | healthier than me lol.
        
               | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
               | In the article series I think parent is referencing[0]
               | they talk about Colorado along with a bunch of other
               | things people come up with based on "common sense".
               | 
               | Notably higher altitude alone seems highly correlated
               | with lower obesity and diabetes rates regardless of
               | physical activity. Again, this points to environmental
               | factors.
               | 
               | [0] https://slimemoldtimemold.com/2021/07/07/a-chemical-
               | hunger-p...
        
         | patall wrote:
         | How do you determine that? As far as I have heard from people
         | working in fertilization clinics, they can help pretty much all
         | couples that have problems with conceiving due to male
         | fertility issues. You need to go there in the first place, but
         | once you request help, you get it.
        
           | JPKab wrote:
           | So that's your take?
           | 
           | "This thing that humans have done for eons without medical
           | assistance now requires it and that's totally fine. Nothing
           | to see here."
           | 
           | Really?
        
             | patall wrote:
             | No, you do not understand. What I am saying is that we
             | understand very well what is happening. 'The science is
             | there'. What does not exist is the policy (to prevent it)
             | and we only react when absolutely necessary. Like with
             | poverty, to give another example.
        
             | KptMarchewa wrote:
             | People slept on trees and wore nothing too.
             | 
             | You can extrapolate this on pretty much all human
             | existence.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-12-01 23:01 UTC)