[HN Gopher] A meta-analysis of the effects of trigger warnings a...
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       A meta-analysis of the effects of trigger warnings and content
       notes
        
       Author : snomad
       Score  : 59 points
       Date   : 2022-11-25 18:21 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
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       | sbf501 wrote:
       | "Overall, we found that warnings have no effect on affective
       | responses to negative material nor on educational outcomes (i.e.,
       | comprehension). However, warnings reliably increase anticipatory
       | affect. Findings on avoidance were mixed, suggesting either that
       | warnings have no effect on engagement with material, or that they
       | increase engagement with negative material under specific
       | circumstances. Limitations and implications for policy and
       | therapeutic practice are discussed."
       | 
       | The characteristics of the meta analysis were largely focused on
       | the general public and attempts to limit anxiety in that domain.
       | But I think they forgot an entire other application: NSFL
       | warnings.
       | 
       | Whenever I see NSFL I ABSOLUTELY avoid clicking, I even stop
       | reading, and that has greatly improved my peace of mind. Learned
       | that the hard way during the early internet: I've accidentally
       | seen way too many horrific things I wont even tangentially
       | mention to last me 1000 liftimes. Sure there is an anticipatory
       | impact, but NSFL works for me!
       | 
       | It seems like one message here is that more moderation is needed
       | if anticipation has similar impact as the actual content.
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | There's a very practical use of trigger warnings that's existed
         | uncontroversially for decades and it's the use of story tags
         | for internet erotica, dating back to the usenet days.
         | 
         | Story tags there serve two important purposes: so you can find
         | what you want to read, and not read that which you definitely
         | do not.
        
         | roughly wrote:
         | From the discussion, this stuck out:
         | 
         | > One possibility is that most people are not skilled at
         | emotional preparation (e.g., reappraising emotional content or
         | using coping strategies). Thus, the uncomfortable anticipatory
         | period is unlikely to reflect any form of helpful action. This
         | conclusion is supported by Bridgland et al. (2021) who asked
         | participants to explain what they would do when they came
         | across a trigger warning; only a minority of participants
         | mentioned some form of approach coping strategy (e.g.,
         | reappraisal strategies, such as reminding themselves to focus
         | on non-emotional aspects of the situation; Shiota & Levenson,
         | 2009). Indeed, trigger warnings (including those used in the
         | present studies) typically warn people about the distressing
         | reactions they may have, but do not explain how to reduce these
         | reactions.
         | 
         | Basically, content warnings aren't useful on their own without
         | additional therapeutic training, which makes sense. "Something
         | bad is about to happen" isn't useful if you don't have the
         | means or experience to prepare for it.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Eh, NSFL type warnings (and experience) might provide an
           | alternative explanation?
           | 
           | The warnings don't help when people's curiosity (morbid,
           | compulsive, or otherwise) has not been counteracted by
           | learned experience (or tools via therapy) that they don't
           | like it or it doesn't help them.
           | 
           | The warnings are generally not generic (aka 'bad stuff
           | here'), they're usually quite descriptive of what category it
           | covers. Far more than a NSFL warning for sure!
           | 
           | If someone keeps going, it's not because they did so
           | accidentally. They either thought it was going to be fine and
           | they could handle it (and most can), or couldn't stop
           | themselves even if they knew it was going to be bad.
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | Makes me wonder what the overlap is between those demanding
             | trigger warnings and those habitually stumbling upon NSFL
             | material. I'd venture very little. Notwithstanding, I have
             | avoided virtually all NSFL stuff and don't understand
             | trigger warnings. However, I think content should be
             | described when rating media.. for instance, R/M ratings
             | could have "rape" in its description when depicted which
             | would make trigger warnings redundant. When it comes to
             | mere conversation (on yt or whatever), it's already
             | redundant.
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | I imagine the things people consider NSFL depend on their
         | personality and background. These studies seem like they'd be
         | more illuminating if they looked at e.g. rape content warnings
         | for rape survivors.
         | 
         | Effects on the rest of us matter as well, but shouldn't be
         | considered the whole story.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | Exactly. If I'm going to warn people about content, it's
           | because of what those specific people might struggle with. It
           | was something I understood better once I found a piece of
           | pretty ordinary media traumatic. And here I should say:
           | content warning for cancer and death.
           | 
           | Some years back my mom was getting treated for a brain tumor.
           | It was a glioblastoma, and as one of her surgeons explained,
           | "This is the thing you will die from." Median survival time,
           | 14 months.
           | 
           | I was very involved in her care and it was draining. She was
           | still fighting hard at that point, but we knew that a moment
           | would come when we'd have to decide to stop treatment. So
           | when I saw that a local theater was having a triple feature
           | with one of my favorite directors, Edgar Wright, I
           | immediately bought tickets. At last, a light and fun evening.
           | 
           | What I had forgotten in the years since I had seen it was
           | that in Shaun of the Dead, a zombie rom-com I adored, there
           | is a scene where the protagonist's mom gets bitten. That
           | protagonist, played by Simon Pegg, struggles with what to do.
           | When his mom turns into a zombie, he is forced to shoot her.
           | At that point I was about a month away from having to pull
           | the plug on my own mom, and the scene was just devastating. I
           | had to leave the theater. A decade later I've still not been
           | able to watch the film.
           | 
           | I should be clear here: I'm not saying Shaun of the Dead
           | should have had a content warning. I had seen it! And I think
           | that sort of need is better served by things like
           | https://www.doesthedogdie.com/ . But I am saying that it was
           | a profoundly shitty experience. In the same way I'm going to
           | avoid literally stepping on somebody's toes (because that
           | hurts!) I'm going to avoid retraumatizing somebody when I
           | can.
           | 
           | I think people already do that pretty naturally with things
           | that are widely seen as disturbing. E.g., I was visiting a
           | friend and went to pick up a textbook on his coffee table. He
           | warned me not to open it, as it belonged to his brother in
           | law who was studying to be a hand surgeon. I was grateful for
           | that warning, as I can't unsee that stuff. To me content
           | warnings are just extending that courtesy to less common
           | horrors.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Sorry to hear about your loss and experience. It does sound
             | really terrible.
             | 
             | The challenge society wide is, of course, where is the
             | line, and when is it useful to do at all?
             | 
             | Which the study seems to be saying, it isn't generally
             | useful for the 'less common horrors', at least not with a
             | somewhat generic warning.
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | Sure. I think it's something we have to figure out
               | jointly between people of different experiences. But I
               | agree with others that definitionally the effectiveness
               | for less common stuff can't be measured by looking at the
               | general-audience reaction.
        
           | everforward wrote:
           | I typically see content flagged NSFL when it's generally
           | repulsive regardless of background (excepting those seeking
           | out the content). Stuff like graphic videos of beheadings or
           | people set on fire that's upsetting even to people with no
           | traumatic background. It's kind of like a trigger warning for
           | an average person; background doesn't matter if the content
           | is bad enough.
        
           | weinzierl wrote:
           | I absolutely agree that different people are triggered by
           | different things, and in my opinion it's good that we
           | recognize and respect that.
           | 
           | On the other hand I'm convinced there are things that are
           | universally NSFL for everyone and I believe that the parent
           | comment is geared in that direction.
           | 
           | The meta-analysis seems to include only papers that deal with
           | the first kind of trigger:
           | 
           |  _" The warning, as conceptualized by the authors of the
           | relevant publication, was intended to notify participants
           | that forthcoming content may trigger memories or emotions
           | relevant to past experiences. "_
        
         | drewpc wrote:
         | Does NSFL mean "Not Safe For Life"? I wasn't familiar with this
         | term before and have never seen content labeled with it.
        
           | andy81 wrote:
           | Exactly. It differentiates e.g. gore from pornography.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Pxtl wrote:
           | I usually hear it as "not safe for lunch", as in something so
           | horrifying it will make it difficult to keep food down.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> I usually hear it as "not safe for lunch",
             | 
             | Decades ago, I was having lunch at my parents house. There
             | was a newspaper on the table, unopened, just brought in. I
             | looked over the top of page 1. Unfolded it, and there was a
             | picture of a dead body in the street. It was a story about
             | some conflict in another country (Bosnia perhaps). I'm OK
             | with seeing that if I'm already reading about it and in the
             | right frame of mind, but "not safe for lunch" really hit me
             | that day. So much that I called the newspaper to complain
             | about "being surprised with a dead body on the front pafe
             | during lunch". I've never done that before or since. ;-)
        
       | snapplebobapple wrote:
       | So the reasons people are for this stuff are pretty uniformly
       | incorrect and the reasons people are against this stuff are
       | either also incorrect or possibly correct depending on the
       | situation?
        
         | asingh11 wrote:
         | That's a fair point, but psychology is so malleable and that
         | even if people believe that it helps them prepare/digest
         | sensitive info, it will directly help them digest it ...
         | placebo effect is real.
        
       | TexanFeller wrote:
       | I grew up in a religious fundamentalist household that tried to
       | shelter me from every "bad" thing in the world. I wasn't allowed
       | to watch many cartoons because they were "too violent. It's
       | probably for that reason that few things fill me with more
       | disgust and rage than trigger warnings and censorship. Thank God
       | for the Internet coming along to enable me to see every form of
       | violence, abuse, pornography, torture, death, suicide advocacy,
       | and bomb making material in the world. I am eternally grateful to
       | be the worldly person I am to day and horrified to see trigger
       | warnings appearing in most of the executive communications at my
       | workplace. I used to have crippling anxiety, PTSD, thought of
       | suicide every day, and struggled with a large assortment of
       | chronic mental health conditions that disable many people, so in
       | theory I'm someone that should want this. Deliberately exposing
       | myself to as much of the worst of the world as possible made me
       | much happier and stronger.
        
       | valryon wrote:
       | This comes right after the release of our game Flat Eye [0],
       | which includes a quite new Content Warning system.
       | 
       | So far players really likes the fact that the system exists and
       | that they can choose to skip or see the content. It's all about
       | being warned anf having the choice.
       | 
       | [0]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/1358840
        
       | romwell wrote:
       | This study seems to be pretty limited regardless of how it's
       | carried out.
       | 
       | People seem to be hung up on the _new_ term  "trigger warning"
       | when we've had _content warnings_ since time immemorial.
       | 
       | Nobody seems to be writing the articles on "efficacy" of movie
       | ratings, or putting "18+" labels on content. We, as a society,
       | understand that not all content is suitable for all audiences...
       | when it comes to sex, and sex only, it seems.
       | 
       | Then there's the issue of _trust_. Any source that gives a heads-
       | up of what 's coming and _doesn 't_ spring 2girls1cup on you
       | without a warning is going to be more trusted than the one that
       | _does_.
       | 
       | Why is that even a question when the same principles applies to
       | content _other_ than an unclothed female nipple or (gasp)
       | genitals? Is it so hard to make the leap to other subjects, such
       | as vivid depictions of rape and violence?
       | 
       | Why isn't it common sense that, regardless of studies of
       | "efficacy", giving a heads-up about shit that some people in the
       | audience might not want to see _unprompted_ is, like, _polite_ ,
       | and is universally a _good thing_?
       | 
       | It's frankly exhausting to even have these discussions, again and
       | again. Trigger warnings are about _not being an asshole to the
       | people who choose to listen to you_.
       | 
       | The effect is they might choose to listen to you _again_ ,
       | because you're not a dick. End of story.
       | 
       | _______
       | 
       | TL;DR: the study focuses on nebulous "effects", whereas they
       | should be looking at bounce rates.
        
         | vorpalhex wrote:
         | The study was about content warnings and anxiety triggers.
        
         | kulahan wrote:
         | He explains this in the thread - it appears as though trigger
         | warnings only serve to increase anxiety until the trigger is
         | experienced, and at no point does it improve or worsen the
         | experience.
         | 
         | So he analogizes this by saying "Imagine a doctor prescribed
         | you a pill and you asked if it was going to help".
         | 
         | If "Oh no, it won't help, but it _might_ cause some very minor
         | harm. " was the response, you'd probably find a new doctor. So
         | why do we do the opposite here?
         | 
         | In reality, you're "being an asshole" _with_ the trigger
         | warnings, assuming you continue doing them knowing now that it
         | does not help, and may actively harm.
        
           | igorbark wrote:
           | this analogy breaks down on a number of levels.
           | 
           | 1. patients invented and self-prescribed the pill originally
           | 
           | 2. the doctor has concluded that the pills are harmful by
           | studying what happens who do not have the illness the pills
           | are meant to treat take the pills
           | 
           | 3. the doctor didn't really keep track of what doses were
           | given to different patients
           | 
           | i.e.
           | 
           | 1. trigger warnings were not originally forced on people,
           | they were created by people who found them helpful to help
           | themselves
           | 
           | 2. the studies in the meta analysis are all on general
           | populations, in particular mechanical turk and college
           | students
           | 
           | 3. there is no discussion of the different effect different
           | implementations of content warnings can have. for example,
           | the only study that measured physiological responses instead
           | of using self-reported anxiety showed the highest anxiety
           | response. probably, because it also gave a completely general
           | and non-specific content warning that went like this: "The
           | next page has the link to the movie clip. Researchers have
           | been asked to give a trigger warning for the clip". so they
           | showed that when told some arbitrary but highly disturbing
           | thing could happen at any point during a video, people in
           | general will be more anxious when watching the video. and
           | concluded that content warnings are a harmful practice.
        
             | romwell wrote:
             | Don't forget:
             | 
             | 4. The doctor didn't keep track of of how many patients
             | ditched him, forever, because the doc doesn't understand
             | the above
             | 
             | -----
             | 
             | Thank you for a thorough reply and debunking of the
             | argument by broken analogy.
             | 
             | The whole idea of content warnings is giving the audience a
             | _choice_ ; it's about _informed consent_ -- a concept that
             | both HN and the researcher seem to struggle with.
             | 
             | No shit Sherlock that a content warning of the form "some
             | thing you won't like will happen, _BUT I WON 'T TELL YOU
             | WHICH THING NOR WHEN IT WILL HAPPEN_ is anxiety inducing!
             | 
             | For fuck's sake, that's a bad faith thing to say.
             | 
             | How about:
             | 
             | >"Warning: I'm going to talk about rape, about 15 minutes
             | into the talk, for about 5 minutes. I'll give you a heads-
             | up, so you don't have to worry. If you don't want to hear
             | about rape today, you can skip this part and stay with us
             | for the rest."
             | 
             |  _This_ is a trigger warning.
             | 
             | It enables _informed consent_ to consume any /all parts of
             | the content.
             | 
             | Similarly, "what follows in 10 seconds is a depiction of
             | rape" is a _warning_.
             | 
             | A trigger "warning" without the option to _opt out of
             | consuming the content_ warned about isn 't a "warning",
             | it's a _threat_.
             | 
             | And a "warning" that isn't specific about _either_ content
             | or _time_ is torture.
             | 
             | >"Somewhere in this talk, we'll show something that we know
             | you asked us not to show you out of the blue. We'll still
             | show it out of the blue, but we're _warning_ you about it
             | _now_. No, you can 't leave"
             | 
             | -- apparently, we need a research article to tell HN that
             | this is fucking bullshit.
             | 
             | The cherry on the pie remains what I said in the first
             | place: that the natural outcome of such "warning" (i.e.
             | _lack_ of warning) is that affected people won 't choose to
             | interact with you again -- and that's exactly what this
             | study _doesn 't measure_.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | maxbond wrote:
       | (TW: Suicide)
       | 
       | I'd like to share a personal annecdote that I think may be
       | instructive to people who have never found trigger warnings to be
       | useful.
       | 
       | Once a friend of mine wanted to show me a visual novel. They
       | skipped the trigger warning at the beginning because they felt it
       | was spoilery. We played through the whole thing in one night;
       | about halfway through the story (given the path I took), we were
       | lead to believe a character committed suicide (and that it may be
       | because you rejected them romantically), and then at the end it's
       | revealed they were literally trolling you.
       | 
       | I had fairly recently gotten out of a traumatic relationship with
       | someone suicidal. When I would try to leave the relationship,
       | they would threaten to kill themselves. Sometimes they would beg
       | me to kill them. Needless to say, suicide was a difficult topic
       | for me to engage with in an immersive, RPG-like setting.
       | 
       | I felt blindsided & stopped having a good time after I was lead
       | to believe the character took their life. I was uncomfortable but
       | didn't know what to do but keep playing. When I finished the game
       | and the twist was revealed, I didn't feel pathos. I think some of
       | you may relate to the moment you realized the show Lost was never
       | going to resolve the mysteries it was putting forth, that the
       | show runners were throwing things out to grab your attention with
       | no plan to resolve them; like my emotions had been manipulated in
       | a cheap way to engage me. I felt toyed with.
       | 
       | I think if I had had the trigger warnings, I would've been able
       | to mentally prepare myself. Or I'd have the opportunity to decide
       | I didn't want to play.
       | 
       | I want to make informed choices about the media I consume and how
       | I consume it. Make of that what you will.
       | 
       | (This was all many years ago & I'm doing well.)
        
         | Gare wrote:
         | Was it DDLC? A 12-year old boy in Croatia commited suicide
         | partly because of emotional trauma caused by it.
        
           | maxbond wrote:
           | No, I don't remember the title (and I feel like the post is
           | better with keeping it abstract, I don't want to get into the
           | weeds of discussing this particular story) but I have played
           | DDLC and it wasn't that one in particular.
           | 
           | That's terrible about the 12 year old boy. I would say DDLC
           | is a powerful and compelling piece of art that subverts &
           | interrogates it's own genre and reveals the flaws of that
           | genre, and I'm certainly not advocating for people not to
           | make really challenging art like that. I wish things could
           | have been different for that boy, but I'm not sure that's
           | something better trigger warnings would solve.
        
           | zimpenfish wrote:
           | Do you have a reference for that? I can only find a 15 year
           | old in Manchester vaguely linked to it (without any real
           | evidence the game was involved.)
           | 
           | https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-
           | manches...
           | 
           | > Ms Kearsley said it was 'commonsense' to question the
           | game's emotional impact but recording a verdict of suicide,
           | she said: "We can make no direct link between Ben's death and
           | his online gaming. Ben was a young man who potentially had a
           | number of complexities."
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | Hmm. I am torn for several different reasons including the
         | topics I would want to address, but I feel I should focus on
         | one thing.
         | 
         | << I want to make informed choices about the media I consume
         | and how I consume it.
         | 
         | That is a reasonable statement and even expectation on the
         | surface. I might accept it as rationale for graphic movies and
         | so on, but your example is visual novel, where you choose your
         | own adventure - a form of media that is almost guaranteed to
         | put you in unusual and unexpected situations? Unless you play a
         | game built around satire of everyday life ( say.. Stanley
         | Parable ), is it not expected to expect unexpected including
         | some questionable predicaments?
         | 
         | But more to my real point, should art imitate life or should it
         | be a 'safified' version of it? I can absolutely relate to
         | seeing something you should not see ( my buddy dared/forced me
         | to watch "Hostel" with him and it was not a pleasant experience
         | and have stumbled onto some real bad stuff on the 90s net - I
         | completely buy it can mess you up if you are not mentally
         | prepared ).
         | 
         | In your example, how would you know this could have been the
         | outcome without having gone through it? It seems like catch 22.
         | Trigger warning would give you only a very general idea.
        
           | maxbond wrote:
           | There was a TW on the opening screen about suicide. I'd have
           | liked to see it. Obviously that was my friend's error and not
           | the game's, and we discussed this afterwards. What I wanted
           | to highlight is that a trigger warning was erased, and this
           | was a very vulnerable time for me when it would have been
           | very useful.
           | 
           | I'm not entirely sure I've understood your objection
           | properly, but I'll try to address your questions.
           | 
           | Yeah it's expected that I'll be put in unusual situations, no
           | I don't expect authors to anticipate each trauma I could
           | possibly have, but surely the very obvious ones can be
           | covered.
           | 
           | Should art immitate life or be safe? Neither and both,
           | there's plenty of room in this world for the most gritty
           | horror movie and for Blue's Clues.
           | 
           | How could I have known it was the outcome? The trigger
           | warning was as specific as it needed to be - "TW: Suicide" is
           | plenty.
           | 
           | ETA: The general vibe I'm getting here is you're asking,
           | "where do you draw the line?", as if this were a slippery
           | slope. The answer is, it's a matter of taste and judgement.
           | It's not any less tractable then the question, when do you
           | decide a work of art is done?
           | 
           | Naturally this opens up the observation that, if it's about
           | judgment, one could decide to include no trigger warnings,
           | like my friend did when presenting the game to me. And sure,
           | I'm not saying that's invalid. More that its bad taste, and
           | I've elaborated as to why I feel that way.
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | I usually see two viewpoints on trigger warnings from
             | reasonable people (i.e. not people caught up in US identify
             | politics).
             | 
             | Those who oppose trigger warnings like the commenter above
             | you, who believe that you should be ready to handle
             | anything a piece of fiction throws at you. After all, it's
             | just fiction, right? Generalizing, this usually comes from
             | people who have never experienced deep trauma or at least
             | who have never confronted it. Or possibly they have, but
             | they were lucky enough to have an upbringing that gave them
             | the tools to remain mentally stable while doing so. They
             | also tend to be low in empathy - they believe everyone has
             | a mental state similar to them so they can't understand, at
             | an emotional level, why other people would _need_ trigger
             | warnings. For them, quite reasonably, trigger warnings are
             | annoying spoilers and they dislike that.
             | 
             | Then there's the people who support trigger warnings. Often
             | this comes from having experienced deep trauma without a
             | support system (internal or external) that was strong
             | enough to deal with it. Or they have observed this in
             | people they love. These people know how fragile mental
             | health is for many people and they want to start building a
             | more supportive society, one small part of which is adding
             | labels to fiction that will let people know when dangerous
             | traumas might be triggered by reading it. And undealt-with
             | traumas are dangerous - they are the basis for all kinds
             | are dark behavior which I won't list here.
             | 
             | And then there's me. I just don't wanna read about sad
             | shit. Give me happy fantasies man, not that dreary misery
             | loving suicidal bullshit.
             | 
             | (Or maybe I'm in the second group but I've reached the
             | denial stage)
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | For what it's worth I would totally support a mechanism,
               | like a registry key, environment variable, wherever
               | configuration information can be accessed, to opt out of
               | trigger warnings. Software should work for everyone and
               | everyone means everyone.
        
       | igorbark wrote:
       | content warnings were originally and imo ongoingly most
       | importantly an accessibility issue. afaict, all but maybe one of
       | the studies don't delineate between members of the population
       | this accessibility aid is supposed to help and gen pop
       | 
       | language politics of whether trauma is a "disability" aside, the
       | existence of a meta-analysis over studies which purport to study
       | whether a disability aid works by using it with people who do not
       | have that disability is saddening
       | 
       | some other limitations the i don't see the authors comment on
       | (though i haven't read thoroughly so happy to be corrected): -
       | the effect of different kinds of content warnings isn't discussed
       | (some interesting dimensions are specificity and prominence) -
       | the fact that almost all of the studies use self-reported anxiety
       | scales, and thus it is unclear whether content warnings increase
       | anticipatory anxiety or increase self-reported anticipatory
       | anxiety
       | 
       | like with most accessibility aids the interesting questions are
       | not "does it help". they're "who do different forms of the aid
       | help or harm" and "morally, when should we expect or even enforce
       | a particular level of implementation"
       | 
       | looking at how other accessibility aids work is helpful for
       | answering some of these questions. to take the classic university
       | classroom example, you could for example look at the way some
       | departments handle students who aren't able to take lecture
       | notes. a student can request note taking accommodation for a
       | particular class, and then a peer volunteer (or as a fallback
       | university employee) will take notes for that student. just like
       | that, we don't need to have a national debate about whether it is
       | helpful or harmful if all university professors are forced to
       | provide note taking services for all of their students.
       | 
       | anyway, i guess i'm upset because i'm tired of the ongoing
       | massive debate and apparently research industry that completely
       | misses the point.
        
       | twic wrote:
       | Twitter thread about the work by the author:
       | https://twitter.com/paytonjjones/status/1563950340944560128
        
         | all2well wrote:
         | "To many conservatives, trigger warnings are a symptom of a
         | world gone mad: a fragilizing ritual meant to insulate the
         | delicate worldview of a weak-minded generation."
         | 
         | Conservatives routinely get upset about the presence of gay
         | people in media, among many other things. Is that somehow in a
         | different category?
         | 
         | (This is in reply to the article linked by the author of the
         | study in that Twitter thread)
        
           | kadoban wrote:
        
             | josephg wrote:
             | Most people only extend empathy to their in-group. The left
             | just has a different in-group.
             | 
             | Your comment weirdly supports this reading. To me it reads
             | as an attack on conservatives. Ending your comment with
             | "...worth empathy to _them_." implies conservatives are the
             | out-group to you. Sounds to me like you don't think this
             | out-group (conservatives) deserve your empathy either!
             | 
             | I might be misreading your intent, but as it stands it's
             | pretty ironic!
        
               | komali2 wrote:
               | > Most people only extend empathy to their in-group. The
               | left just has a different in-group.
               | 
               | Depends on how you define in-group I guess? Most of my
               | leftist friends are straight and white, yet all of them
               | support LGBT rights as human rights, went to Black Lives
               | Matter protests, etc. Yet similar straight, white
               | conservative former friends of mine do not extend empathy
               | to the black american experience, or will outright say
               | homophobic things.
               | 
               | Considering a tenant of leftism is _tolerance_ regardless
               | of _identity_ I basically have to hard disagree with a
               | blanket  "the left just has a different in-group." A core
               | tenant of leftist ideology is universal empathy, as a
               | basis for support for universal human rights, equity,
               | etc.
               | 
               | I don't count authoritarians masquerading as leftists,
               | such as tankies ("Marxist Leninists" my foot) or the
               | hilarious new "MAGA Communists" in this.
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | I have empathy for most people, I am still able to
               | criticize people though. Having empathy for someone does
               | not mean their actions are immune from all comment.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | Man, you are very optimistic about human nature to apply
             | this specifically "to them" when honestly it feels like a
             | general human impulse regardless of political ideology. I
             | see Schadenfreude and death threats by all stripes...
             | (although I suppose only ideological groups that highly arm
             | themselves are likely to successfully act on such threats?)
        
             | cscurmudgeon wrote:
             | It is not that simple.
             | 
             | https://www.salon.com/2022/10/16/do-conservatives-really-
             | hav...
             | 
             | "that liberals and conservatives alike report more empathy
             | toward members of their own "in-groups" than outsiders"
        
           | Filligree wrote:
        
           | aaron695 wrote:
        
           | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
           | I think the overall concern is that people in general seem
           | all too willing to ignore reality. I can't really speak for
           | any particular group in US ( or even in the old country ),
           | because I am sufficiently weird that I do not really fit
           | anywhere. Yay me.
           | 
           | That said, trigger warning is already a trigger word and may
           | need to replaced with something else to avoid emotional
           | reaction ( although I admit I do not have a good replacement
           | off the top of my head ).
           | 
           | Some of the other posters mentioned movie ratings I almost
           | chuckled a little, because I imagined a future, where I send
           | an email in corporate settings with various tags to allow
           | other people to ignore it in time and corporate code of
           | conduct, where you agree to always read some upsetting
           | tags..but I digress.
           | 
           | << Is that somehow in a different category? << Conservatives
           | routinely get upset about the presence of gay people in
           | media, among many other things.
           | 
           | Please correct if I am wrong ( I have done my best to limit
           | my news intake lately ), but conservatives being angry over
           | gays does not ring true to my ears. If I understand current
           | zeitgeist correctly, it is, currently, about a 'conveyor belt
           | upon which progressives plan to place their
           | children'(paraphrasing certain host). The difference is
           | notable. Is it possible you are using old caricature for
           | specific effect?
           | 
           | And this kinda brings me to the other point. Lately, it
           | seems, it is not conservatives are not the ones calling for
           | boycots, bans, deplatforming and demonetization. It is
           | actually their opponents, which, in itself, is already
           | interesting.
        
             | alexander-litty wrote:
             | >Please correct if I am wrong ( I have done my best to
             | limit my news intake lately ), but conservatives being
             | angry over gays does not ring true to my ears.
             | 
             | We JUST experienced an LGTBQ nightclub shooting in the
             | _last week_ where the shooter 's father was a MAGA
             | republican.
             | 
             | When you are selective about your news sources, you can
             | frame an argument in any light. There's nothing here about
             | a conveyor belt or a progressive plan -- It's just a
             | hateful man who killed some people he can't tolerate.
             | 
             | Not convinced? Go ask some conservatives outside your
             | circle how they feel about the LGTBQ community. Ask what
             | they want to do with gay and trans people that enter their
             | life.
             | 
             | Literally -- If you're seriously not convinced, go do it, I
             | dare you. Enlighten yourself.
             | 
             | >it is not conservatives are not the ones calling for
             | boycots, bans, deplatforming and demonetization
             | 
             | Damn straight, these conservatives you speak of do nothing
             | to stop white supremacy ideology.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | tldr: calm down. we actually have something to talk about
               | 
               | Eh. I try to abstain from political discourse on HN ( try
               | being the key word ) for a variety of reasons including
               | the one that the interlocutor and/or their audience
               | rarely change their minds based on the exchange ( worse,
               | they end tend to ossify in their views, which is a little
               | counterproductive; also I survived one witch hunt on a
               | social media platform and one is enough ), but allow me
               | to retort regardless.
               | 
               | << We JUST experienced an LGTBQ nightclub shooting in the
               | last week where the shooter's father was a MAGA
               | republican.
               | 
               | Ok? Who is 'we' here? I just posted I try ( again, key
               | word, try since here I am not HN ) to limit my news
               | intake. Have you considered the possibility I was not
               | aware of it? Can I not be blissfully ignorant of the
               | surrounding world or am I allowed a week of vacation,
               | where I try to not engage with the world outside?
               | 
               | That said, I was aware of this particular news, but it is
               | just plain rude to assume I should have my face glued to
               | TV stations 24/7. It is doubly rude to lay all this
               | emotion at me in one place on almost the entire web ( HN
               | ), where emotions should be at least somewhat curtailed.
               | Can you even consider accepting my safe space from
               | emotion here?
               | 
               | Now comes the difficult part. Do you want us to focus on
               | the shooting part, LGBTQ part, MAGA father or something
               | else? I assure you, you will not like the results of this
               | conversation, because ( just to give you a taste ):
               | 
               | 1. Sadly, mass shootings are so common now I ( and I
               | suspect likely a good chunk of US population ) has a
               | mental filter placed for them. It is going to sound
               | awful, but they barely register now.
               | 
               | 2. It would appear the shooter identifies as non-binary,
               | so he is LGBTQ+ ( dunno what is the proper spelling these
               | days ), so I am not automatically convinced he is a
               | victim of evil anti-LGBTQ+ propaganda as opposed to say..
               | lover's quarrel gone wrong. But hey-- quick -- lets jump
               | on that 'lets hate evil republicans' bandwagon. No
               | political agenda there.
               | 
               | 3. Sins of the father and all that. I am responsible for
               | what my dad did? If not, why not? If yes, why yes? And
               | that is before we get to the part about, you know, father
               | being estranged, kid changing his name ( seemingly to
               | avoid association with his father -- I just checked --
               | that was CNN[1] ) and all those little details that are
               | conveniently left out of narrative you were ( are? ) so
               | quick to embrace and sell here.
               | 
               | Like I said, if you really want to have this debate here,
               | we can have it, but I sincerely doubt you will have a win
               | for your 'cause', whatever that may be. This is me giving
               | you an opportunity to bow out.
               | 
               | << When you are selective about your news sources, you
               | can frame an argument in any light.
               | 
               | We are in an agreement.
               | 
               | << There's nothing here about a conveyor belt or a
               | progressive plan -- It's just a hateful man who killed
               | some people he can't tolerate.
               | 
               | I am trying to find an appropriate comparison for this
               | set of sentences and it is hard, so I won't try doing
               | that. Instead, allow me to ask you one simple question.
               | How do you know this? How do you know he just hates
               | anything gay period? Or actually, more broadly, how do
               | you determine that you know anything about this case?
               | Maybe we should try to establish a set of facts we can
               | actually agree on before we proceed? What do you say?
               | 
               | << Not convinced? Go ask some conservatives outside your
               | circle how they feel about the LGTBQ community. Ask what
               | they want to do with gay and trans people that enter
               | their life.
               | 
               | Eh. Have you tried what you yourself advocate? I am being
               | very genuine here. I hear a lot of chatter, but I can't
               | say it is that much different from the crazy stuff I
               | heard 20+ years ago. What I did see however lately was
               | generic threat for LGBTQ community supporters that went
               | something along the lines of 'cut it out or your pronouns
               | will be was/were'. That is new ( and funny ).
               | 
               | So, yeah. Not convinced.
               | 
               | << Literally -- If you're seriously not convinced, go do
               | it, I dare you. Enlighten yourself.
               | 
               | Another eh. If you have evidence to provide, please do
               | so, but I am relatively certain I have access to the same
               | data set you do. At this time, all I got was assertions
               | and emotionally laden post so forgive me if I am being
               | somewhat dismissive.
               | 
               | << Damn straight, these conservatives you speak of do
               | nothing to stop white supremacy ideology.
               | 
               | And here, at the very ending paragraph, is where we
               | actually have an actual problem. I dislike people, who
               | believe they have the power to silence others. Apart from
               | it being wrong on my internal 'good/evil' scale , I also
               | happen to think it is severely counter-productive.
               | 
               | How would you feel if I managed to, say, convince OFAC to
               | put alexander-litty on SDN list, because I simply do not
               | like their politics?
               | 
               | 1. https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/21/us/anderson-lee-
               | aldrich-color...
        
             | anonymouskimmer wrote:
             | "because I am sufficiently weird that I do not really fit
             | anywhere"
             | 
             | Do you _want_ to fit somewhere but haven 't yet found a
             | place to fit, or do you not _care_ about fitting anywhere?
             | If it 's the latter you may have a social-variant blindspot
             | (halfway down this reddit post: https://www.reddit.com/r/En
             | neagram/comments/kx0wfa/russ_huds... ). If it's the former
             | you're probably just looking in the wrong places, or aren't
             | engaging enough with the right people to find their
             | similarities to you (or find out if they know of someone
             | else similar to you).
             | 
             | "where I send an email in corporate settings with various
             | tags to allow other people to ignore it in time and
             | corporate code of conduct"
             | 
             | My employer uses a system called "Bucketlist" for kudos or
             | something of the sort. I don't really know because the
             | moment I saw it I created a filter that autodeletes every
             | single email with that word in it. I can handle being
             | reminded of death, but I don't want it popping into my work
             | inbox.
             | 
             | "Please correct if I am wrong ( I have done my best to
             | limit my news intake lately ), but conservatives being
             | angry over gays does not ring true to my ears."
             | 
             | It depends. Media talking points should never be taken at
             | face value. The Log Cabin Republicans continue to be denied
             | a booth at the Texas Republican state convention:
             | https://www.texastribune.org/2022/07/24/texas-log-cabin-
             | repu...
             | 
             | But, as you indicate, conflation of lesbians, gays,
             | bisexuals, transgender, transsexual, and a variety of other
             | groups make it difficult at times to figure out what people
             | are actually in favor of or opposed to.
             | 
             | "Lately, it seems, it is not conservatives are not the ones
             | calling for boycots, bans, deplatforming and
             | demonetization. It is actually their opponents, which, in
             | itself, is already interesting."
             | 
             | It's all sides. If you're noticing one side and not the
             | other it's because of the bias of the media you're
             | consuming. Examples:
             | 
             | https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/04/06/why-
             | half-...
             | 
             | https://theoutline.com/post/6140/a-brief-history-of-
             | batshit-...
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | > That said, trigger warning is already a trigger word and
             | may need to replaced with something else to avoid emotional
             | reaction ( although I admit I do not have a good
             | replacement off the top of my head ).
             | 
             | "Content warning" is fairly well-accepted (and broader, in
             | that it makes more sense to use it to describe things that
             | people simply _do not want to see_; see discussion of NSFL
             | elsewhere.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | all2well wrote:
             | The point I was probably trying to make is that I suspect
             | that the author of this study and the accompanying article
             | probably has a particular political axe to grind. That's
             | mostly just conjecture, though.
             | 
             | Moral panics are nothing new, and (self-)censorship is
             | nothing new either.
             | 
             | I think it's naive to think that conservatives have "gotten
             | over" gay marriage, or gay rights more broadly, especially
             | given how recent progress has been in those areas, and how
             | much opposition remains to things like trans rights. I
             | personally have a number of queer friends who are estranged
             | from their families because they're queer, and those
             | families usually aren't particularly progressive, as far as
             | I know.
        
               | killdozer wrote:
               | Yes they're never going to stop trying to restrict and
               | rollback the rights of minorities, they have a lot of
               | money and power they're willing to deploy to this end.
               | Maintaining these rights will always be a constant
               | struggle.
        
       | zug_zug wrote:
       | What the heck is this?
       | 
       | The presumption of this article is that trigger warnings get you
       | emotionally ready for an adverse subject, but I'm pretty sure
       | that's not what they are for.
       | 
       | I figure most people often want warnings on their
       | books/videos/etc "e.g. this is a live-leak of somebody dying" so
       | they can avoid the material.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | Per his twitter "Well, too bad for all y'all. Trigger warnings do
       | not seem to encourage avoidance." ... Sounds kinda us-vs-them.
       | 
       | I'm 100% sure I do not click on videos on reddit that indicate
       | they are videos of somebody dying. No amount of statistical
       | papers will change that. I highly doubt I'm the only one.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | robertlagrant wrote:
         | We've had that for decades as PEGI ratings or film
         | classifications. I was under the impression that trigger
         | warnings were something different.
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | Personally, the authors I've worked with use Content Warning
           | as the term. For example, the opening of Law and Order SVU
           | pretty clearly spells out you're in for some deeply
           | disturbing shit.
           | 
           | Trigger warnings are content warnings, just spelling out what
           | the content is: i.e. suicide, cutting, rape, etc.
           | 
           | To use one of my stories that's on a podcast:
           | 
           | > This is an adult story for mature listeners, if that's not
           | your cup of tea or there are children listening, you can skip
           | this story and come back next week. Content warning: this
           | story contains mentions of past self-harm and past traumas.
           | 
           | Maybe that's a little specific, but it gives you an idea of
           | how graphic the content is. Regardless, I personally know
           | some of the people listening who will want to skip my story.
        
       | all2well wrote:
       | What about stuff like movie and game ratings? What about things
       | like restricting sexually explicit material to minors? Seems like
       | a weird point to make. What I like about content warnings is that
       | I can choose whether I want to engage with something that might
       | upset me in a more granular fashion than "entire profile." It's
       | not like I'd stop avoiding content if there were no CWs anywhere.
        
         | wincy wrote:
         | I remember as a 14 year old boy with HBO I specifically looking
         | for the "Nudity" warning on late night TV Shows. Teenage me was
         | very disappointed by the TV Show "Oz" (which is about life in
         | men's prison).
        
         | komali2 wrote:
         | Yeah this is where I was always confused, I think "trigger
         | warning" has become one of those ill-defined concepts,
         | especially in american political discourse, that mean so many
         | things that they don't really mean anything anymore. Other
         | examples: "liberal," which I've heard mean everything from
         | anarchism through communism and all the way to its actual
         | definition, "communism" which seems to mean fascism, "fascism"
         | which seems to mean literally anything, "grooming" which seems
         | to mean not being heteronormative or heterosexual, etc.
         | 
         | I always thought a true trigger warning, the kind that I really
         | like, are for example movies warning when there'd be things
         | like gore and etc that I don't like to watch. I like it because
         | I get a physically ill reaction that will ruin my night if i
         | see fictionalized gore. I wish I didn't, but I do, so it goes.
         | But as you've said I've seen "trigger warning" mean literally
         | putting the words "trigger warning" on the top of a text post
         | which seems pointless, or, saying it before telling a story,
         | which also seems pointless.
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | This is a fascinating concept to me. How granular should we
         | get? Say.. in original Star Wars, should we add "Contains
         | scenes of hand mutilation" or "Character may discover he is
         | not, in fact, a child of a loving parental unit"?
         | 
         | I get what you are getting at, but I am curious how much of
         | that profile should be fleshed out in your view?
        
           | igorbark wrote:
           | well i'm not OP but here are some of my views:
           | 
           | - one important dimension of the "should" in this question is
           | how much choice the viewer of the media has in viewing the
           | media. this is part of why schools are such a big part of the
           | conversation about content warnings, because the students
           | can't just choose to opt out of readings without consequences
           | 
           | - another important dimension is the delivery platform and
           | audience size. sometimes you can just ask the person who made
           | or is showing you the thing about some very specific content
           | you'd like to avoid or be prepared for, so specifying
           | everything isn't as important there. otoh, if you're a giant
           | media property with millions of viewers, maybe the
           | cost/benefit of listing exactly when/where particular things
           | happen looks a little better
           | 
           | - depending on platform, lots of detail could be more or less
           | practical. e.g. if you're making a web page it's easy to say
           | "content warnings: click for details > detailsdetailsdetails
           | click for more details > detaileddetailsdetaileddetails",
           | which easily allows the viewer to choose how much detail they
           | want rather than picking for them, but that can be harder to
           | pull off in other formats
           | 
           | - if you find this topic interesting, consider looking for
           | literature on topics like accessibility and disability
           | justice (not sure i could recommend a particular one since
           | i've formed my views on this sort of thing piecemeal and
           | through community). there is a _lot_ of interesting moral
           | thought on the subject of  "ok so this thing is helpful to
           | some people sometimes, sooo how much should we actually do
           | it?"
        
           | danrocks wrote:
           | I challenge the premise that Darth Vader didn't love his son.
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
             | Hah! Good point. I think I phrased my example poorly.
             | 
             | "Main character may discover a secret about their true
             | ancestry"?
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | all2well wrote:
           | Good question, I'm not sure there's necessarily one answer to
           | that. That same sort of question arises in many places,
           | though. Some people avoid watching trailers for movies or
           | shows because they don't want to get spoiled by them, but
           | obviously most people like trailers because they can get a
           | sense for whether they'll like that movie or show before they
           | watch the whole thing.
        
           | kosievdmerwe wrote:
           | So, interestingly IMDb has a pretty detailed parents guide.
           | For example for Shrek:
           | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0126029/parentalguide
        
       | Spivak wrote:
       | They seemingly didn't study the thing that people actually want
       | the answer to.
       | 
       | Given a person who is triggered by a specific type of content do
       | they avoid things labeled with that specific type of content more
       | than if it was unlabeled? It's one of those things that seems so
       | obviously true when you talk to people.
       | 
       | To me this study is actually huge to support trigger warnings and
       | content labels. They don't cause people across a population
       | overall to avoid the content, they act as a positive signal for
       | people who are looking for it (like R rating on horror movies),
       | and they have no effect on the experience -- it makes the
       | response no worse and doesn't spoil it for people who want it.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | I definitely use content warnings to avoid stuff. If I see
         | suicide, "that's a nope from me dawg".
         | 
         | I feel like I'm not asking for much here. :(
        
       | Mezzie wrote:
       | I struggle with trigger/content warnings as someone with PTSD
       | stemming from severe childhood neglect/abuse (e.g. I was allowed
       | to just rot in the basement for a week with a fever of 104+ as a
       | child).
       | 
       | The reason is because there seems to be a standardized list of
       | 'real' triggers that people agree on, and I'm often triggered by
       | depictions of _loving_ families. Which nobody is ever going to
       | warn for. I also have major disassociation and emotional
       | blunting, so I have no idea what makes violence or sexual related
       | cross the line into needing a warning. So ironically, spaces that
       | insist heavily on trigger warnings are hard for me to exist in as
       | a person with PTSD without breaking the norms. It 's hard not to
       | feel there are 'right' and 'wrong' triggers.
        
         | maxbond wrote:
         | Maybe a more generic tagging/metadata system would help people
         | with more idiosyncratic/unanticipated trauma. Something I find
         | promising in this is that it has the hallmark of many great
         | accessibility solutions, it's useful for everyone even if it's
         | more important to a specific group of people (eg, screen
         | readers and sign language are just great tools, but are much
         | more profound for people with sensory disabilities). It still
         | wouldn't be perfect of course, things could be mislabeled, or
         | the label you would want could still be missing, or like you
         | mention you yourself might not entirely understand what you're
         | looking for.
        
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