[HN Gopher] BBC documentary used face-swapping AI to hide protes...
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       BBC documentary used face-swapping AI to hide protesters'
       identities
        
       Author : lnguyen
       Score  : 89 points
       Date   : 2022-11-24 18:38 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newscientist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newscientist.com)
        
       | astrea wrote:
       | Why even bother with this? I understand to preserve facial
       | expressions, but why not fully use actors or sacrifice "the art"
       | of it all and hide the faces completely. This opens up the
       | possibility of reversing the inference of the face-swapping AI
       | and generating the original face.
        
       | my_city wrote:
       | Why West can promote separatists, terrorists and internal
       | divisions with zero consequences? If Texas had a separatist
       | movement that wanted to start a civil war to secede from the
       | United States do you think it wouldn't be crushed?
       | 
       | The United Kingdom is the worst offender in this, they violently
       | repressed any revolutionary attempt in their colonies.
       | 
       | Honk Kong is a chinese teritory, end of story. Like Texas, or the
       | city of London. If those regions started violent protest to
       | independize, they would be repressed. End of story. Shame on the
       | West for such blatant imperialist attempt at meddling with
       | chinese internal affairs.
        
         | kybernetyk wrote:
         | Two wrongs don't make one right. While your first two
         | paragraphs are correct your conclusion is totally bonkers.
        
         | alvarezbjm-hn wrote:
         | You said "The United Kingdom is the worst offender in this,
         | they violently repressed any revolutionary attempt in their
         | colonies."
         | 
         | And they you said it is fine that China does it?
         | 
         | Hong Kong is more like Puerto Rico than like Texas. However,
         | people from Hong Kong don't want to live under the ccp, while
         | Puerto Ricans complain they arent better integrated to the US.
         | 
         | Go figure.
        
       | hjanssen wrote:
       | It says in the article that the faces are swapped with those of
       | actors. Are those something like film actors? Because that would
       | actually be amazing, completely dodging the drawback several
       | commenters here have mentioned that faces of innocent people
       | could be used.
       | 
       | Actors faces are already public. Then again,I would probably be
       | pissed when my face would be used as a mask to say something I
       | might not agree with. Interesting question if that is ethical or
       | not.
        
       | cjbayliss wrote:
       | Another interesting example of face swapping is DeepPrivacy. [1]
       | 
       | Example of it used by Benn Jordan (aka, The Flashbulb) [2]
       | 
       | 1. https://github.com/hukkelas/DeepPrivacy
       | 
       | 2. https://youtu.be/ibZNByVdH0E?t=551
        
       | partiallypro wrote:
       | This seems to have a glaring flaw in that a fake AI generated
       | person could have a real-world doppelganger, which a tyrannical
       | government could mistakenly arrest, or worse.
        
         | jlarocco wrote:
         | Seems like a publicity stunt.
         | 
         | A face covering would cost nothing and achieve the end goal of
         | hiding their identity.
        
           | sportslife wrote:
           | This solves multiple goals: hide identity, show anon-source
           | exists, and show facial emotions to viewers.
           | 
           | The latter is a huge win for making media people want to
           | watch. Same reason all those cable stations segment the
           | screen into four with a face in each corner, or why streamers
           | overlay their gaming with a their face on a webcam. We like
           | faces.
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | A "glaring flaw" because of some extreme and unlikely scenario?
         | 
         | Why would governments be using AI modified content to look for
         | people to arrest? Is this really a serious risk to dissuade
         | using it? Seems pretty unlikely that it simultaneously a)
         | exclusively be used as the source + b) actually matches someone
         | IRL.
        
           | richbell wrote:
           | > Why would governments be using this content to look for
           | people to arrest?
           | 
           | Why _wouldn 't_ oppressive regimes that are arresting
           | dissidents review footage of dissidents that makes them look
           | bad? Harassing reporters and their sources is a very common
           | way to suppress information.
           | 
           | Scientology does it, why wouldn't a government? https://www.f
           | orbes.com/sites/richardbehar/2020/08/05/sciento...
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | > Why wouldn't oppressive regimes that are arresting
             | dissidents review footage of dissidents that makes them
             | look bad?
             | 
             | Because the faces aren't real? They want to arrest
             | dissidents not random people.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | kramerger wrote:
           | Are you serious?
           | 
           | This is standard practice by security forces of any
           | dictatorship.
        
             | dmix wrote:
             | A standard practice to use... potentially AI modified
             | surveillance photography? Where will they get these photos
             | from exactly in this future scenario? Activists and
             | journalists when these photo apps become widespread
             | (unbeknownst to the government)?
             | 
             | It's an interesting hypothetical for sure but it's stretch
             | to call it a glaring flaw. Not really any worse than people
             | being misidentified in normal photos.
        
           | mansion7 wrote:
           | The USA itself put out a nationwide manhunt, distributing
           | video to news outlets, asking the public to assist in
           | identifying protesters whose only known alleged crime was
           | trespassing.
        
         | fasthands9 wrote:
         | Are we sure this has a greater chance of happening than the
         | alternative (you present the voice a transcript or robotic
         | voice and the government arrests a random person they thought
         | it may be linked to anywas)
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | Especially since these are generated based on training data
         | from real humans...
        
         | richbell wrote:
         | It's a novel approach, but like you've said I think the
         | potential negatives far outweighs the positives. Perhaps they
         | could use obviously fake faces with weird proportions and
         | features?
         | 
         | Idk, this seems like a case of using cool flashy tech because
         | it's cool and flashy and not because it's better than the
         | alternative (using an actor to portray the subject, blurring or
         | blacking out the subject's face).
        
           | trompetenaccoun wrote:
           | With face recognition software and automated edits they could
           | run any protest footage from autocratic regimes like Iran or
           | China through a filter to obscure everyone's face and replace
           | it with an AI generated one. All it would cost them is a few
           | extra minutes of editing time, I'm not sure if that would be
           | critical in the news business where there's a lot of time
           | pressure.
           | 
           | I think that would be a really cool feature that could help
           | keep protesters safe. Dissidents could send footage to
           | trustworthy outlets who would only make public the edited
           | footage. Because of course people still want to share the
           | event with the world, but they might not want to be
           | identified in a place where if caught they get tortured,
           | raped or even killed.
           | 
           | The individual face isn't really important most of the time,
           | it's not like it makes a difference to the viewer. They could
           | still give the unedited footage too police in places with
           | legitimate rule of law if the government has a court order
           | and can prove a crime was committed by an individual they
           | have on tape.
        
             | justsomehnguy wrote:
             | I think that would be a really helpful feature to convince
             | Regular Joe what there are protests today in _checks notes_
             | Eastasia.
        
         | kristofferc wrote:
         | A real person can also have a real-world doppelganger. In fact,
         | isn't this just as likely as an AI generated person having one,
         | maybe even more? So doing this swap didn't really change
         | anything when it comes to "innocent" people getting targeted?
        
         | josephcsible wrote:
         | But since it's publicly known that the faces are fake, the
         | government isn't going to try to use them to identify anyone.
        
       | yucky wrote:
       | Which protestor identities are worth protecting, and which
       | aren't? Up to the BBC to decide which protests are the "correct"
       | ones I guess.
        
       | msie wrote:
       | Reminds me of the scramble suit in A Scanner Darkly.
        
       | upsidesinclude wrote:
       | This makes absolutely no sense.
       | 
       | If you wanted anonymity and were willing to go to these lengths,
       | then the face could be fully fictitious and AI generated. Thereby
       | placing no one in fear of government retribution.
       | 
       | This only makes sense if you filmed actors and wanted to cover
       | that glaring mistake in your propaganda, because you lack the
       | necessary talent to actually render them with AI.
       | 
       | I don't buy it. Not a fan of authoritarian regimes, but this
       | stinks.
        
         | richbell wrote:
         | > This only makes sense if you filmed actors and wanted to
         | cover that glaring mistake in your propaganda, because you lack
         | the necessary talent to actually render them with AI.
         | 
         | Can you elaborate what you mean by this? I don't understand how
         | you're concluding that this _only makes sense_ if it 's to
         | cover up propaganda. Using actors as surrogates to protect
         | people is a common practice, and this is a logical step forward
         | (albeit one I disagree with).
        
       | JNRowe wrote:
       | The documentary is available on iPlayer1; You may need to be in
       | the UK or have an IP that at least looks that way to see it :/
       | 
       | It immediately made me think of Channel 4's alternative Christmas
       | message from 20202. While the technique is obviously different
       | between the two, the step change in quality feels immense _to
       | me_. Channel 4 's was a few minute long heavily staged piece that
       | didn't hold up to close scrutiny in my eyes, and the BBC's far
       | more convincing example is applied to -- I'll trust -- somewhat
       | organic recordings of multiple people.
       | 
       |  _Edit to add_ : I attempt to draw the connection here because
       | we're talking about relatively cheap broadcast television and not
       | $500,000,000 movies.
       | 
       | 1 https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m001f7t5/hong-kongs-fi...
       | 
       | 2 https://www.channel4.com/press/news/deepfake-queen-deliver-c...
        
       | NickRandom wrote:
       | Can anyone provide an alternative source please? I've done a
       | quick search and can't find any other sources reporting on this
       | apart from 2x New Scientist links which are both pay-walled (as
       | is the single Internet Archive submission) so my b.s detector is
       | in the red on this one.
       | 
       | If in fact the BBC did do this (and that's a BIG if) that would
       | be a huge story and a major breach of the BBC's editorial
       | policies.
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | News reports already have voice alterations, silhouetting and
         | "Name has been altered", if they used face-swapping but put a
         | big fat disclaimer on the screen, would that be a problem?
        
         | benj111 wrote:
         | I watched the documentary.
         | 
         | It was very upfront about it.
         | 
         | And it's weird because you really couldn't tell (except one of
         | the guys looked blind, pretty sure I'm not just being racist as
         | he didn't look like that at other times)
        
         | vanilla-almond wrote:
         | _...so my b.s detector is in the red on this one_
         | 
         | Why? A 2020 documentary called _Welcome to Chechnya_ looked at
         | repression of LGBT Chechens and was the first documentary to
         | use  " _advanced facial replacement techniques using artificial
         | intelligence and novel visual effects technology so the viewer
         | could see real faces displaying real emotions while still
         | protecting the identities of the speakers_ " [1]
         | 
         | The documentary was released by HBO Films. The BBC also
         | broadcast the documentary.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welcome_to_Chechnya
        
           | an1sotropy wrote:
           | Thank you for pointing out this precedent in this use of
           | face-swapping - it's a great idea, and (together with the OP
           | link about Hong Kong protestors) changes my understanding of
           | the threat/value of face-swapping technology.
        
         | dpkirchner wrote:
         | It seems consistent with their policies regarding anonymity and
         | safety.
        
         | johneth wrote:
         | They often hide interviewees faces; this is just a different
         | method. As long as they disclosed this fact, I don't see what
         | the problem is.
        
           | benj111 wrote:
           | Personally I'd prefer other ways of hiding identities, then
           | you'd know. You couldn't tell that they'd done it, and I'd
           | infer that as some people were politicians their faces
           | weren't changed.
        
         | LeoPanthera wrote:
         | 1. The New Scientist is a respectable science magazine from the
         | UK, there's no reason not to believe the story.
         | 
         | 2. I think you have misunderstood what they did. People often
         | request that their identities are hidden when they are
         | interviewed by news organizations. This is usually done by
         | filming them in silhouette, and sometimes altering their
         | voices. This is no different, except that the AI "mask" gives
         | the viewer a different face to look at. It's not controversial
         | or a breach of any policies.
        
       | Aachen wrote:
       | Wow, that's cool! For years I've been wondering about all the
       | places my face must have ended up with all the crowdshots people
       | like to take at busy train stations and such; now, I see a way
       | for this issue to become unnecessary as there could be cameras
       | that just replace unnecessary faces. Paving the road to the
       | future!
        
       | coding123 wrote:
       | What happens if the fake looks like a real person.
        
         | kristofferc wrote:
         | Same as what would happen if a real person looked like another
         | real person, I presume.
        
           | Aachen wrote:
           | Until one is made aware that the faces are all fictional,
           | then it becomes very hard to justify any investigation into
           | any particular face.
           | 
           | How likely is a match anyway? My impression is that even with
           | large databases, faces are different enough to not be
           | overwhelmed by hits. But then it's not as if I've used these
           | systems so I don't know.
           | 
           | One step they could take is make one or more properties
           | subtly different so that it definitely matches virtually
           | nobody (plus then all the other features one can randomize).
        
       | markdown wrote:
       | Paywalled.
        
       | UltraViolence wrote:
       | Why are we still wasting time on this? Hong Kong has been lost.
       | China won. Democracy in HK is dead.
       | 
       | The actions of these freedom protesters are moot and useless.
       | There's no sense reporting on their endeavors as the outcome is
       | clear cut. Most of them will eventually end up in jail, dead or
       | will have fled to the West.
        
         | another_story wrote:
         | You're saying we shouldn't bother looking at history because
         | one side wasn't successful? I don't get this argument.
        
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