[HN Gopher] Japanese have been producing wood for 700 years with...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Japanese have been producing wood for 700 years without cutting
       down trees
        
       Author : CHB0403085482
       Score  : 557 points
       Date   : 2022-11-23 05:03 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dsfantiquejewelry.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dsfantiquejewelry.com)
        
       | qikInNdOutReply wrote:
       | The ancient japanese governments restricted the peasants from
       | destroying the allmende. No hunting with weapons, only traps. No
       | chopping down trees. Its the only way a society on a island with
       | limitations can thrive.
       | 
       | This is a hack to circumvent the no lumbering rule. As far as im
       | aware, similar rules never were applied in europe, just all
       | things chopped down, and then some state forrests and macchia.
        
         | flanked-evergl wrote:
         | > allmende
         | 
         | Can't find this word in any English dictionary I checked, what
         | does it mean?
        
           | rastamutta wrote:
           | It sounds a lot like "allmanning", which means common land
           | (obviously)
        
           | pgh wrote:
           | It's German meaning "commons" - communal lands.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tpm wrote:
         | Certainly no hunting with weapons (no anything with weapons
         | really) did apply in feudal Europe; the nobles were allowed to
         | carry and use a weapon while the peasants were not. As for the
         | trees, that was managed by the feudal owner of the land.
         | Usually some forests were cut down early (between ca. 500-1300
         | AD) where arable land was under them, the rest was managed and
         | used for construction and heating/cooking. Later many forests
         | were completely cleared at the beginning of the industrial
         | revolution to manufacture charcoal, used in many industrial
         | processes. Some of them are now regrown.
        
           | qikInNdOutReply wrote:
           | Thats medieval northern europe, aka france, germany, england.
           | The rest, the forrest was basically used up permanently
           | during roman times.
           | 
           | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macchie
        
             | tpm wrote:
             | Also Ireland, Czechia, Poland, Slovakia, parts of Hungary,
             | Romania, Ukraine at least that I know of. But you are
             | right, I thought of the Roman times immediately after
             | finishing my comment.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Oak forrests were very controlled in many European countries,
         | for national security reasons. (Needed to make war ships.)
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | I can produce wood too without cutting down trees
        
       | amai wrote:
       | See also this video and information from a german TV show:
       | https://www.galileo.tv/natur/daisuigi-wie-in-japan-holz-gewo...
        
       | vanderZwan wrote:
       | Everyone here is mentioning coppicing, so I suspect there will be
       | some interest in the Low Tech Magazine articles on the subject:
       | 
       | https://www.lowtechmagazine.com/coppicing/
       | 
       | And since we're talking about doing cool things with trees, I
       | just wanted to mention that LTM has more interesting articles
       | slightly "adjacent" to this topic, like this one about a half-
       | forgotten technique for growing citrus trees in climates with
       | freezing temperatures:
       | 
       | https://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2020/04/fruit-trenches-culti...
        
         | smcl wrote:
         | I really need to check that site out more often. Every time I
         | see a link it's great - that second link you posted about the
         | Soviet Union's techniques for growing citrus fruits well north
         | of where they're normally grown is cool.
        
         | inkcapmushroom wrote:
         | FWIW you can replace the "www" in your links with "solar" to
         | access LTM's solar-powered version of their website. It's off-
         | grid and solar panel powered, so not available 365 days of the
         | year, but I've yet to find it offline when I check. I think
         | it's a neat project. :)
        
           | laputan_machine wrote:
           | It's a very cool project, and I really like the aesthetic of
           | beige-ish background and reduced-bit, dithered images, almost
           | feels like an old school magazine
        
         | kriro wrote:
         | Wow thanks a lot. I wasn't aware of this website. That's a
         | place to spend hundreds of hours :)
         | 
         | They even have printed books covering all their
         | articles...those will make excellent x-mas gifts for some
         | friends of mine.
        
       | Jorengarenar wrote:
       | >This is an ancient method, developed in the 14th century
       | 
       | Isn't it interesting, how most of the history of East Asia just
       | has label "ancient" slapped onto it in pop-culture?
        
         | ThePadawan wrote:
         | As a European who often reads material targeted at Americans, I
         | would just assume that is what the author is doing here.
         | 
         | The standards for "ancient" are simply relative to your own
         | cultural history. A 200 year old building in the US is ancient
         | - a 800 year old building in Germany is also ancient.
        
           | Jorengarenar wrote:
           | The use of word "ancient" you present here is correct only in
           | very colloquial meaning; it's akin to calling your grandpa a
           | dinosaur. Neither 200 years ago in USA nor 800 year ago in
           | Germany are ancient times in proper meaning of this word.
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | In western pop culture you mean. I'm sure Japanese people have
         | similar ways of referring to Western history.
        
         | jacoblambda wrote:
         | Japan went through a significant cultural upheaval during the
         | Meiji restoration. So much of Japanese culture comes from the
         | Meiji era up into the start of the Taisho era and as a result a
         | lot of people treat everything prior to the Meiji restoration
         | as "ancient times".
         | 
         | Hell unlike most western culture, Japan didn't really get their
         | current system for naming individuals and families until the
         | 1870s.
         | 
         | But as to why all these practices in Japan that date past the
         | Meiji era are considered "ancient", one of the major parts of
         | the restoration was the systematic centralisation of Japanese
         | society and standardisation of practices. This resulted in a
         | lot of practices being more or less outlawed with the surviving
         | practices that weren't officially sanctioned by the central
         | government surviving solely due to rebellious/non-compliant
         | individuals secretly preserving their practices throughout the
         | Meiji era.
         | 
         | Into the late Taisho and early Showa era, the threats of
         | violence from the central government were removed and the
         | stigma around these "outlawed" practices faded, allowing
         | families to publicly practice their "non-standardised" crafts.
         | 
         | This is more or less the reason behind the seemingly endless
         | quantity of "ancient crafts" and "secrets passed down through
         | generations". There was a systematic attempt at eliminating
         | non-conformant practices for a good ~40-60 years. That's at
         | least a few generations who grew up fearing retribution for
         | practicing their family traditions.
         | 
         | There's also a whole orientalisation/fetishisation of Japanese
         | things and concepts. The same applies to the broader east asian
         | and greater asian cultures.
        
           | lofatdairy wrote:
           | > Hell unlike most western culture, Japan didn't really get
           | their current system for naming individuals and families
           | until the 1870s.
           | 
           | Interestingly enough I think the Scandinavian countries moved
           | from a patronymic system around the same time. My hunch is
           | that this is due to globalization of the era and increased
           | international/interimperial interactions.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | >>This is an ancient method, developed in the 14th century
         | 
         | > Isn't it interesting, how most of the history of East Asia
         | just has label "ancient" slapped onto it in pop-culture?
         | 
         | At least in China, they freely refer to that time period as
         | being "ancient" (Gu ). "Ancient" is probably any time up to the
         | early 20th century.[1]
         | 
         | If you want to emphasize that something is _really_ ancient,
         | you can use Shang Gu .
         | 
         | [1] I asked Baidu Shi Yao Shi Hou Suan Gu Dai  ("what time
         | counts as 'ancient'?"), and it turns out I was wrong. The
         | answer is "before 1840".
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | > This is an ancient method, developed in the 14th century
       | 
       | 14th century ancient? bah humbug! There's evidence of coppicing
       | in the UK from about 6500 years ago.
       | 
       | > The practice of coppicing can be traced back to Neolithic times
       | (4500 BC). Neolithic wattle trackways in the Somerset Levels are
       | evidence of sophisticated coppicing systems which produced rods
       | of exactly the same size. Archaeological evidence shows that
       | coppice products were used for numerous rural needs throughout
       | the Bronze, Roman and Saxon periods
       | 
       | https://www.conservationhandbooks.com/woodlands/a-brief-hist...
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | Beavers in the wet meadow by my driveway coppice willows to
       | produce large amounts of material on a sustainable basis.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppicing
       | 
       | I've not only seen the results but I've actually pulled the wood
       | out of their dams by hand when I disassemble them to prevent them
       | from flooding my driveway. It's not that hard to do so long as
       | you keep the water level low. Once the water level gets high they
       | get a lot more productive because they can easily float large
       | amounts of wood.
        
       | Obsnold wrote:
       | Does the Japanese government pay for or in some way support
       | articles like this? Do people in Japan get articles about how
       | amazing coppicing is in the UK?
       | 
       | Articles like this about Japan make me feel a bit weird but I
       | kind of wish we were better at fetishising our own produce and
       | practices like we do with the Japanese.
        
         | macrolime wrote:
         | Many popular Japanese things are actually Norwegian. Like
         | salmon sushi and Kirin beer. I wonder how well known that's in
         | Japan.
         | 
         | Norway was looking for new salmon markets in the 90s and came
         | up with the idea of salmon sushi
         | 
         | https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/501693/how-norwegian-sal...
         | 
         | Kirin beer was started by a Norwegian brewer in 1869.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Copeland_(brewer)
        
         | icelancer wrote:
         | Oh, indeed - and sometimes worse:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_syndrome
        
           | dimator wrote:
           | > is a sense of extreme disappointment exhibited by some
           | individuals when visiting Paris, who feel that the city was
           | not what they had expected
           | 
           | > The syndrome is characterized by a number of psychiatric
           | symptoms such as acute delusional states, hallucinations,
           | feelings of persecution ... derealization, depersonalization,
           | anxiety, and also psychosomatic manifestations such as
           | dizziness, tachycardia, sweating, and others, such as
           | vomiting
           | 
           | uhhh, what?? just from being disappointed in a place you're
           | visiting? I had to double check the link to make sure it
           | wasn't some satirical site.
        
             | enneff wrote:
             | I think it's just extreme culture shock. Some Japanese
             | people, and likely the kind to follow a romanticised dream
             | of visiting Paris, are very sheltered. If your first
             | experience of a country other than Japan (a very ordered
             | place with powerful social norms) is the actual Paris
             | (where the environment is comparably a lot more chaotic and
             | people are not exactly friendly) then I can see how you
             | might lose your mind a bit with shock.
        
             | Danieru wrote:
             | What you need to understand is how Paris is horrible in the
             | exact ways Japanese cities are nice.
             | 
             | Paris is dirt, aggressive, expensive, with horrible
             | customer service. All things Japanese city has and would
             | never think to include in a tourism pitch.
             | 
             | Japanese Tourists expect Paris to be a Regular (Japanese)
             | City + Romanticism. What they get has no romance, and a
             | city even regular French people consider rude.
        
               | fredestine wrote:
               | well its relative. for instance japanese parks are
               | horrible. paris parks are a thing of beauty. the mayor is
               | indeed contributing to make it a dirty agressive and
               | expensive city by not fighting crime, mass tourism (she
               | loves it. somehow she hates french people having cars but
               | she is fine with rich tourists riding cabs in paris) and
               | all the theft that is related to mass tourism... customer
               | service is not at the level of japan but at least its not
               | at the level of usa where everything is a transaction and
               | every word is fake.
        
               | Foobar8568 wrote:
               | She? Come on, Paris has always been like that.
        
               | Laaas wrote:
               | Since when are Japanese parks horrible? There are a
               | several good parks in/around Tokyo.
        
           | checkyoursudo wrote:
           | > "But some of them end up in tears, swearing they'll never
           | come back."
           | 
           | How I feel when my favorite bakery in Paris is out of _pain
           | au chocolat_.
           | 
           | I don't see it in the wiki article, but I wonder if this
           | happens with other cities/locales? And surely this can't be
           | something that only people from east asia feel?
        
           | chooma wrote:
           | fyi. Paris syndrome is heavily disputed among scientist,
           | because the causality was never proven and the original
           | author has 'vanished' from the scene.
           | 
           | i.e. do mental people visit Paris or does Paris cause mental
           | illness?
        
         | lobochrome wrote:
         | Solingen Kitchen Knifes are highly valued. Go into any
         | department store, and you will find the finest selection of
         | german knives. Of course - it is the other way around in
         | Germany.
        
           | black_puppydog wrote:
           | Huh? Solingen knives are quite popular here in Germany as
           | well :P
        
         | b800h wrote:
         | GK Chesterton made similar points to you, but about religious
         | orientalism, in "The Everlasting Man".
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | > Do people in Japan get articles about how amazing coppicing
         | is in the UK?
         | 
         | They might get confused since Copic is a popular brand of art
         | marker there.
         | 
         | I had to check but apparently the name is because they're
         | designed to work with copier machines, not from this.
         | (https://copic.jp/en/about/history/)
        
         | thriftwy wrote:
         | The answers are most likely "yes" and "yes".
         | 
         | Except thay Japanese most likely read about London with its
         | exchanges and culture and not about coppicing. Maybe some
         | Scotland pastoral images, since it also sells hard liquor.
        
         | suction wrote:
        
         | Lio wrote:
         | I see a lot of programme's about Japanese trades and crafts on
         | NHK and that's owned by the Japanese government, so I would
         | guess the answer is yes.
         | 
         | I would also imagine our government, the UK, promote our
         | culture via the BBC too. I believe it's called "soft power".
         | 
         | I'm OK with it. I actually seek out these sorts of programmes
         | on both NHK and the BBC 'cause I like seeing master craftsmen
         | at work. Anytime I see some guy in London making clocks by hand
         | with a Cowells lathe or a bloke and his son working a hammer in
         | an Osaka forge I'm happy.
        
         | qwery wrote:
         | I'm not sure which other "articles like this" you are referring
         | to, but I don't think you need to be too worried.
         | 
         | Was this article was paid for by the Japanese government? I
         | doubt it. The website appears to be that of a business that
         | would like to sell you things, which seems a likely enough
         | motive for them to post articles on just about anything.
         | 
         | You might be interested in _Cool Japan_ [0], which is part of
         | Japan's "overall brand strategy". This sort of national
         | marketing is not unique to Japan, but their various campaigns
         | are a noteworthy successful example.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_Japan
        
         | creakingstairs wrote:
         | > Do people in Japan get articles about how amazing coppicing
         | is in the UK?
         | 
         | Not quite but there is a fair bit of interest in UK culture to
         | a point where there are "England fairs" in department stores
         | and malls time to time.
         | 
         | That being said I'm also kinda sick of people using Japanese
         | words instead of direct translation for some reason. Kaizen and
         | Ikigai comes to mind.
        
           | Obsnold wrote:
           | I'd love to see some more information about these fairs if
           | you have a link.
           | 
           | My wife likes watching a lot of British YouTubers in Japan
           | and it's made me want to see more about how the Japanese view
           | British culture.
        
             | creakingstairs wrote:
             | I've just googled the department store near me and looks
             | like they had a "Great British fair" last year.
             | 
             | https://www.ukft.org/hankyu-great-british-fair-2021/
             | 
             | Another fair ran by department store this year:
             | 
             | https://www.mistore.jp/shopping/event/nihombashi_e/british_
             | 5...
             | 
             | I've never been to one so maybe looking up Japanese
             | YouTubers might be your best shot for this topic.
        
           | b800h wrote:
           | > Kaizen and Ikigai comes to mind.
           | 
           | I can understand that though - without the translation, the
           | terms become more specific in English usage. Take Kaizen, or
           | Continuous Improvement. Specifically using the Japanese term
           | shows what sort of continuous improvement you're doing. I
           | notice, however, that it's also apparently a trademark....
        
             | creakingstairs wrote:
             | > Specifically using the Japanese term shows what sort of
             | continuous improvement you're doing.
             | 
             | Yeah but I find it weird that the meaning of kaizen is now
             | different in that specific lean or whatever context when
             | kaizen just means improvement in Japanese.
             | 
             | Come to think of it, There are many English words that
             | Japanese people use that now mean something different, so I
             | guess it's just how things are :p
             | 
             | I think I'm just annoyed at these types of articles that
             | puts Japanese words everywhere they can.
        
         | shusaku wrote:
         | I think this is actually search engine optimization by a
         | jewelry company. Of course if the end result of gaming the
         | system is interesting content like this, I can't complain.
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | Not saying this is not true, but... the rewards being on
           | "interesting" rather than a faithful depiction of reality has
           | given us things like the the Murdochs, Sinclair, and Fox
           | News.
        
         | cthalupa wrote:
         | >Do people in Japan get articles about how amazing coppicing is
         | in the UK?
         | 
         | Yes. If not coppicing, than a million other things. It's also
         | not any different than seeing romanticized articles about
         | distilleries in Scotland or Iberico ham or a million other
         | things that we see targeting Americans. The US being so
         | relatively young doesn't get romanticized passed-down-through-
         | history articles written in Europe, but they get plenty about
         | modern American exports like Hollywood, etc.
         | 
         | People like learning about things that are different and it's
         | easy to draw eyes if you add a bit of mystique around a subject
         | that people won't be particularly familiar with.
        
         | tjpnz wrote:
         | We get articles about all facets of western culture and
         | practices in the Japanese press. As someone who was born in the
         | UK I've often learned things about European culture which I
         | didn't know before.
         | 
         | Japan like the UK and US is a cultural superpower. When you're
         | able to wield that much soft power no money ever needs to
         | change hands.
        
         | boomboomsubban wrote:
         | For a start, take better pictures. Compare the linked article
         | with the Wikipedia article for coppicing
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppicing
         | 
         | In the Japanese photo, it looks like there are trees growing
         | out of trees. In the UK, a dying bush is growing out of a
         | stump.
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | > daisugi only works with seedlings from a specific mutant cedar
       | in a specific location in Kyoto
       | 
       | Need more mutations!!
        
       | esperent wrote:
       | How much timber can be made this way (including similar methods
       | like coppicing)?
       | 
       | Is it enough to contribute a noticeable amount to the modern
       | timber industry? Or is it more of a "huh that's cool"
       | conversation topic?
        
         | bstpierre wrote:
         | My somewhat limited understanding is that coppicing or
         | especially pollarding requires significantly more labor input.
         | Modern timber harvesting is very highly industrialized. I have
         | never seen any kind of machinery or industrial processes for
         | managing a forest for coppice. I suspect that another factor
         | may be density of a managed woodlot, but again I am not in the
         | industry, just an owner of a small bit of "forest", so my
         | perception may be off.
        
         | RugnirViking wrote:
         | its more useful for specific kinds of timber. If you want giant
         | planks for building houses with, not that useful. We coppiced
         | wood so it would grow a convenient size for chopping into
         | firewood. Another large benefit is they tend to grow faily tall
         | and straight, so are useful for things like stakes for fence
         | posts.
        
       | Scaevolus wrote:
       | See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppicing
        
       | tomrod wrote:
       | Always love reading about sustainability practices.
       | 
       | Sidenote/tangent: why put a chat modal on a blog? I don't get it.
       | It takes up valuable mobile real estate and I'm sure the desktop
       | UX is not improved.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jasonmarks_ wrote:
       | I couldn't help but think about how this is similar to the type
       | of pruning/bending you apply in conjunction with trellis netting
       | when growing cannabis if you want to maximize your top colas in a
       | confined space.
        
       | nindalf wrote:
       | Dupe https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33715565
        
         | dang wrote:
         | That one was later so we merged it hither.
        
       | duped wrote:
       | I wish there was a way to apply this technique to some of the
       | rarer woods that have fantastic uses in production, like teak,
       | rosewood, and grenadilla.
       | 
       | If you're into hardwoods like musical instruments or fine
       | furniture there's an appreciation you grow for the character of
       | these woods. And a moral quandary with the sourcing of it. It
       | seems impossible to find a sustainable method to source the
       | material. A lot of what we make today will seem impossible in the
       | coming decades.
       | 
       | Grenadilla trees in particular are suffering due to over
       | harvesting and poor oversight in the markets where it is sourced.
       | It is prized for woodwind instruments - and the day is coming
       | where it's only going to be economical to use recycled polymer
       | composites (which have many benefits besides commercial) over
       | true solid wood instruments. If we could sustainably turn these
       | trees into fruit trees harvested over centuries it would be a
       | great service to nature and the industry.
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | This technique doesn't really offer a solution: as a rule, the
         | harder and better quality the wood, the slower it grows, so the
         | possibility to supply more when demand is high is limited,
         | which makes the wood more expensive, so the temptation of
         | "poaching" it is greater.
        
           | vanderZwan wrote:
           | The cedar shoots in this article are claimed to be stronger
           | and to grow quicker though
        
             | jimnotgym wrote:
             | They probably mean 'stronger' in the sense of a beam, and
             | stronger in the sense of stronger than the cedar that is
             | not grown like that. This is probably due to the straight
             | grain and lack of knots.
             | 
             | That is not the property people need everywhere timber is
             | used. Perhaps the finger board of a violin needs to be
             | hard. The wooden bed of a scaffolding (and they are still
             | wood in the uk) lorry needs to be tough and durable. An
             | electric guitar body needs a certain density.
             | 
             | Coppice poles are not good for any of these things.
        
               | vanderZwan wrote:
               | Fair point (although I'm fairly confident that a straight
               | grain and a lack of knots is very desirable for wooden
               | instruments, so if this is true for coppicing in general
               | (so regardless using mutant cedars) that seems like an
               | avenue worth exploring)
        
               | dktoao wrote:
               | Electric instruments in general derive their sound mostly
               | through the electronics. There are quite a few high end
               | electric guitar companies (like PRS) that would like you
               | to believe otherwise. If you are in the market for an
               | electric instrument please don't have it made from rare,
               | questionably sourced hardwoods!
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n02tImce3AE
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | Trees don't move; it's perfectly possible to guard them from
           | poachers.
        
             | duped wrote:
             | With what army? The customs agents get bribed to stamp the
             | lumber with official seals and it is sold to exporters with
             | official documents so it can be shipped with plausible
             | deniability. There's no incentive nor will to protect those
             | trees.
        
               | vanderZwan wrote:
               | And when there is a will it tends to turn into something
               | like the Earth Liberation Front. I can highly recommend
               | the documentary "If A Tree Falls" on that subject - it
               | also discusses the complex role of the national forestry
               | agencies in regards to managing forests.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Liberation_Front
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_a_Tree_Falls
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | Yes - but if you need trustworthy guards, 24 x 7 x 52 x
             | $YearsUntilHarvest, then the economics of growing trees get
             | vastly worse.
        
             | vanderZwan wrote:
             | Perhaps you are in the forestry business, in which case,
             | fine, but otherwise I would advise against speaking with
             | the unearned confidence of a physicist looking at a
             | different field and declaring it trivial[0]. Most of the
             | time things aren't as simple/easy as they appear on the
             | surface.
             | 
             | [0] https://xkcd.com/793/
        
               | jimmaswell wrote:
               | Funny, but I do feel like there's not much you couldn't
               | throw a team of programming physicists at, if not just
               | for their widened perspective and the fact that they have
               | such a good springboard to study anything else - wouldn't
               | work if they had the attitude of the guy in the xkcd
               | comic of course.
        
               | ska wrote:
               | The latter point is why you can often do well with
               | physics dropouts (e.g. ABD ph.d students,disillusioned
               | post-docs); good problem solving skills but less hubris.
               | 
               | Of course physicists are not the only example of this
               | effect.
        
             | Broken_Hippo wrote:
             | " it's perfectly possible to guard them from poachers"
             | 
             | This is completely overlooking the sheer size of the earth
             | and the sheer numbers of people/tech devices it would take
             | to guard them from poachers.
             | 
             | We can guard _some_ trees (and some animals) from poaching,
             | but it really is beyond us to guard them all, even if they
             | don 't move.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > This is completely overlooking the sheer size of the
               | earth
               | 
               | We're talking about farmed trees. They're already under
               | active management.
        
         | throwuwu wrote:
         | It works with European and North American hardwoods so it could
         | probably be applied to other species as well.
        
         | vanderZwan wrote:
         | I wouldn't be surprised if it were possible, but nobody has
         | successfully tried. It would require a combination of expert
         | knowledge, the kind of long-term thinking/investment that the
         | market currently is set up against, plus a lot of money over a
         | long period of time to be able to afford experimenting like
         | that in the first place.
         | 
         | It will probably take state-sponsored forestry research to
         | figure this out.
        
           | throwuwu wrote:
           | Or, you know, a retiree with a penchant for forestry and
           | gardening. All it takes is interest, just look at the
           | community of people obsessed with grafting or other botanical
           | pursuits.
        
       | henearkr wrote:
       | This could be wrongly understood as "Japan wood industry doesn't
       | cut down trees", which is false.
       | 
       | Japanese forests are currently suffering an intense demand and
       | are overexploited.
       | 
       | A large part of the cuts are undeclared or under-declared, and
       | clear cuts are not rare.
       | 
       | Undeclared overexploitation of mountain top forests has been one
       | of the determined causes of some catastrophic landslides a couple
       | of years ago.
       | 
       | @dang would it be possible to update the title in order to convey
       | the meaning that it is one fabulous technique used in Japan,
       | without letting believe that it is _the_ technique used in Japan?
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
       | Clickbait title. Japanese do cut trees. This technique is just
       | used in very minor situations.
        
         | bilekas wrote:
         | Given I was asked for my location, popup permission and signup
         | before I could even read the article, the title is the least of
         | it's problems.
        
       | socialismisok wrote:
       | Similar to coppicing! Or maybe a regional specialization of
       | coppicing?
       | 
       | Trees are incredibly resilient organisms, and producing products
       | like this from them is such a great lost art.
        
       | andrewflnr wrote:
       | > A similar technique is also used in other parts of the world,
       | such as the UK, but under the name Coppice and Pollarding. While
       | the technique is similar, it's not exactly the same, as daisugi
       | only works with seedlings from a specific mutant cedar in a
       | specific location in Kyoto.
       | 
       | Dang, that's a shame.
        
         | asplake wrote:
         | It's the champagne of pollarding
        
           | EdwardDiego wrote:
           | Unless your pollarded lumber came from a mutant cedar in a
           | specific location in Kyoto, it's just sparkling timber.
        
             | highwaylights wrote:
             | I want this t-shirt.
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | That phrase got me confused: there are several other "species"
         | of cultivated plants that are actually clones of a single
         | mutant plant, most famously the Cavendish banana. But
         | "seedlings" suggests that this mutant cedar can pass on the
         | mutation when reproduced from seeds, not only through cloning?
         | Actually, I suspect that the main reason why this is not doable
         | at scale is the amount of manual labor involved - cutting off
         | the offshoots without damaging the tree below sounds like quite
         | a challenge...
        
       | forgotusername6 wrote:
       | When I first drove past freshly coppiced woodland near me I was
       | shocked. What had they done? They'd butchered the forest. All the
       | trees reduced to less than a foot off the ground. They all grow
       | back though and it doesn't take too long for the woods to return
       | to what they looked like before.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Coppicing, Hedge laying, Bocage, drystone walling, wattle-and-
       | daub are all domestic comparable ancient crafts of Europe. The
       | point being that probably only drystone walling is valued in a
       | way comparable to the Japanese version of Coppicing, which really
       | has been transformed into an artform. European coppices are cut
       | close to the rootstock and cut down far younger for use as poles,
       | for wood turning, for hedge laying.
       | 
       | Timber framed construction in Europe was nailless (wooden tree
       | nails permitted) but the mortice and tenon joinery of Japan is in
       | another league. Maybe European Gothic cathedral roofs come close,
       | little else would.
       | 
       | Japan modernised in the modern era, it's industrial revolution
       | was comparatively recent and it remained feudal far longer than
       | Europe (Russian serfdom aside)
       | 
       | There are probably more continuous family heritage firms in Japan
       | practising some art (brewing, soy sauce, woodwork, coppicing)
       | than anywhere else. Can you name a European family concern doing
       | the same thing continuously since before 1600? I can't name any
       | Japanese ones but I wouldn't be surprised if there were many.
       | Institutional enterprises like Oxford university press exist
       | since deep time, but in Japan it would be a continuous lineage of
       | printers continuing to use woodblock printing (maybe alongside
       | hot type or photo typesetting)
       | 
       | Farming does remain in the family but European farming practices
       | have modernised since forever.
        
         | caporaltito wrote:
         | > There are probably more continuous family heritage firms in
         | Japan practising some art (brewing, soy sauce, woodwork,
         | coppicing) than anywhere else. Can you name a European family
         | concern doing the same thing continuously since before 1600? I
         | can't name any Japanese ones but I wouldn't be surprised if
         | there were many. Institutional enterprises like Oxford
         | university press exist since deep time, but in Japan it would
         | be a continuous lineage of printers continuing to use woodblock
         | printing (maybe alongside hot type or photo typesetting)
         | 
         | That's a bit exagerated. There are a lot of fields in Europe
         | which keep traditions since the Middle Ages. Sure, the
         | difference is the amount of people doing it, but it is still
         | there.
         | 
         | Centuries old breweries in Germany, Czech Republic and Poland.
         | Traditional tweed weaving in Scotland. Stone cutting and
         | stained glass apprenticeship through "brotherhoods" in France.
         | That is just on the top of my head. The only difference with
         | Japan is that those markets have already shrunk to modern needs
         | and those markets already went through centuries of heavy
         | modernization. So one really traditional european company
         | serves the market like tens would in Japan.
         | 
         | But the traditional know how is still there.
        
         | eliaspro wrote:
         | > Can you name a European family concern doing the same thing
         | continuously since before 1600?
         | 
         | The oldest (family-held) one in Germany is "The Coatinc
         | Company":
         | 
         | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coatinc_Company
         | 
         | The oldest non-family owned one is "Staffelter Hof", in
         | operation since 862:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staffelter_Hof
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_companies says
           | by far the most (56%) are in Japan.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinise
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Depending on how you draw the lines you end up with very
             | different lists. Europe's classification of the oldest
             | hotels generally means parts of the same physical building
             | which would exclude most of the Japanese hotels as Japanese
             | buildings get replaced far more frequently.
             | 
             | The Japanese practice of adopting adults to continue a
             | business also blurs the line here. Is selling off the
             | business to someone else enough to maintain continuity? How
             | about operating at the same location? What if the original
             | structure is rebuilt?
        
         | brigandish wrote:
         | It's worth remembering that adoption is much different to how
         | we'd conceive of it in Europe. If a business wasn't going to be
         | continued by the offspring then a new business owner could be
         | adopted, as an adult. That's why there seems to be so many
         | Japanese concerns with incredibly long lineage, but like so
         | much else in Japan to a westerner's eyes, it's appearance only.
         | 
         | https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19505088
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | > but like so much else in Japan to a westerner's eyes, it's
           | appearance only.
           | 
           | Eh. I'm not sure I'd call it appearance only. In some parts
           | of "the West" (notably the Roman Republic and early Empire,
           | but it went on a for a long time after that) adult adoption
           | as a succession/continuity-of-business mechanism was
           | commonplace.
           | 
           | Notable Roman examples include the _first two emperors_
           | (Augustus/Octavian was adopted by Julius Caesar, Tiberius was
           | adopted by Augustus. Tiberius also had both an adopted and
           | natural son; given that the adopted one was adopted before
           | the natural one was born, he was the heir, giving some
           | indication of how seriously this was taken. (Ultimately they
           | both died)
           | 
           | Even in medieval and early modern Europe, legally adopting
           | apprentices etc wasn't uncommon.
        
             | brutusborn wrote:
             | My memory was that the emperor adoptions were more
             | pragmatic than anything, either because the emperor didn't
             | have a son or as insurance against a power struggle caused
             | by a single son dying. It's been a while so I could be
             | mistaken.
             | 
             | This is the same mechanism that business succession
             | planning reduces risk. Failure to train and groom new
             | talent for leadership roles is a good way to ensure a
             | company dies with its current staff.
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | > My memory was that the emperor adoptions were more
               | pragmatic than anything, either because the emperor
               | didn't have a son or as insurance against a power
               | struggle caused by a single son dying.
               | 
               | Yeah, generally, but they're just the most famous
               | examples (because emperor); this was standard behaviour
               | for the time if you had something to pass on and didn't
               | have kids. Adopting adult men was really commonplace in
               | Roman society; Roman infant mortality was _astronomical_.
               | The Japanese adoptions mentioned above were pragmatic,
               | too.
               | 
               | Arguably, it's unfortunate that the custom died out for
               | European aristocracy (though it did continue to some
               | extent for normal people). A _huge_ number of wars were
               | caused by failure to produce an heir.
        
           | neither_color wrote:
           | We Americans have had "nepotism" drilled into our heads so
           | much that we apply it to any small family-run business craft
           | and encourage young people to move far away and try to "make
           | it on their own" in cities they have no ties to in industries
           | they don't belong in to avoid the shame of "having everything
           | handed to you." Young Americans in general abhor the idea of
           | doing the same thing their parents did. The problem is this
           | is drilled into middle class kids who think that taking over
           | the family shop/bakery/restaurant is the same as some
           | politician or CEOs son getting easy admissions to harvard and
           | a big 4 internship. The result is a wasted opportunity to
           | build generational wealth, skill transfer, and artisanal
           | mastery as your best decade is wasted trying to get to the
           | same level your parents got to in 20.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | The mom and pop shop only works when you have family
             | members putting in all their time to keep it afloat for no
             | pay.
             | 
             | That's why the kids aren't interested in taking it over.
             | It's not a route to generational wealth for anyone who has
             | regular middle-class opportunities, as much as it's a route
             | to being busy all the time, and having nothing to show for
             | it at the end of the day.
             | 
             | Businesses that actually have real prospects frequently get
             | taken over by the kids. The family shop/bakery/restaurant
             | is rarely one that has them. You don't want to be doing all
             | the work in a line of business where the prevailing pay is
             | minimum wage.
        
           | ArcMex wrote:
           | This was the first time reading about this, thanks for
           | sharing. It's an alien concept to me so it was a fascinating
           | read.
        
         | Lio wrote:
         | Instinctively I thought of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry[1] who
         | made Big Ben and America's Liberty Bell but I'm not sure if
         | they are still trading.
         | 
         | EDIT: They are! (kinda) The London Bell Foundry are fighting to
         | save the original site and keep it running[4].
         | 
         | There's a few old surviving family businesses in the UK
         | though[2].
         | 
         | If you want really old and still operating I would look at the
         | Livery Companies of the City of London. They're not family
         | businesses obviously but the oldest, Worshipful Company of
         | Mercers[3] got its royal charter in 1394 but existed for long
         | before that. How long ago? No body knows for sure but at least
         | 12th century.
         | 
         | -
         | 
         | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry
         | 
         | 2. https://realbusiness.co.uk/the-oldest-family-businesses-
         | in-b...
         | 
         | 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Mercers
         | 
         | 4. https://www.thelondonbellfoundry.co.uk/
        
         | kriro wrote:
         | There's quite a few in Germany. The most famous one is probably
         | Merck (1668). There's a couple of really old banks (Berenberg
         | Bank in Hamburg, 1590) and the industry with the most old
         | companies is probably the glas industry. There's a couple of
         | companies from the 15xx and 16xx. If you're into hiking, you
         | probably heard about Meindl shoes (1683). There's also a lot of
         | breweries, especially small ones in Frankonia. And if you count
         | wineries and restaurants there's some really old ones.
         | Staffelter Hof is usually mentioned as the oldest one (862).
         | 
         | Pretty sure it's the same in most European countries. My guess
         | would be the oldest ones are located in Italy.
        
           | hedgehog wrote:
           | Wikipedia has a list (of course), it's pretty interesting to
           | read:
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_companies
        
             | hulahoof wrote:
             | It's somewhat sad to read that after 1430 years being
             | family run the oldest company on this list went into
             | liquidation in 2006 and was acquired
        
             | ajb wrote:
             | Most of the oldest UK ones are pubs, which perhaps says
             | something about British culture.
        
               | hedgehog wrote:
               | Or the durability of the value proposition and ability to
               | keep a sufficient number of people interested in keeping
               | the establishment open. Maybe something about the
               | economics of commercial real estate and tax policy in
               | England help survival during downturns.
        
             | cschmidt wrote:
             | The continuity of family companies in Japan also comes from
             | the practice of adult adoption, when the family line
             | doesn't have a suitable successor.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_adult_adoption
        
               | kridsdale2 wrote:
               | I read that this legal technique has also been used in
               | Japan as a proxy for Gay Marriage.
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | A German friend phrased it this way for Americans: We have
           | beers older than your country. The depth of history and
           | culture in Europe never ceased to amaze me while I was
           | travelling there, especially in Greece and Italy. I grew up
           | on the prairies in Canada, there was pretty much nothing
           | there 120 years ago.
        
             | hfbff wrote:
             | I don't know about your corner in Canada, but that "there
             | was nothing here 150 years ago" is a dangerous lie told by
             | people in many parts of the USA and Canada that minimized
             | the indigenous people and occupied their land.
             | 
             | Your part of Canada might truly be somewhere with no
             | indigenous presence
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | Apparently, ancient Greek tourists vandalised pyramids in
             | ancient Egypt. There also exist some text on walls with
             | phrases one would expect to find in schools, it's just that
             | it's in Ancient Greek.
             | 
             | It's odd to think that not only time before you existed,
             | but it was packed with people who had more or less the same
             | issues and concerns as you do.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | They were ruling Egypt at the time as an upper caste
        
             | boringg wrote:
             | You should probably head to the cradles of civilization if
             | you are looking for ancient civ.
             | 
             | Pithy german comment sounds like your friend has a bit of
             | an inferiority thing going on.
        
             | dehrmann wrote:
             | > A German friend phrased it this way for Americans: We
             | have beers older than your country.
             | 
             | To be fair, Anheuser-Busch is older than several iterations
             | of Germany.
        
               | ALittleLight wrote:
               | We have citizens older than the Federal Republic of
               | Germany.
        
             | thechao wrote:
             | The largest city in the "middle ages" was in the US.
             | Europeans trot that "no history" story out because saying
             | "... and then Europeans engaged in the largest genocide in
             | human history" doesn't feel as good, I guess? There was
             | definitely an interruption and a regime change -- Europe's
             | got a lot more of those a lot more recently than the US --
             | but the history is there, if you care to look.
        
               | scythe wrote:
               | The largest city in the Middle Ages was either Baghdad or
               | Hangzhou, with neither European cities nor Tenochtitlan
               | reaching half their size.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | That's just factually incorrect. The largest pre-
               | colonization city in the US was a piddling 20,000. Even
               | Uruk in ancient Mesopatmia, was more than twice that size
               | over 5000 years ago.
               | 
               | Presumably you're referring to Tenochtitlan where Mexico
               | City is today, which is neither in the US, nor was it
               | larger than European cities at the time (although it was
               | up there with Paris and Naples!)
        
               | stryan wrote:
               | > That's just factually incorrect. The largest pre-
               | colonization city in the US was a piddling 20,000
               | 
               | FYI, Cahokia was thought to have had a population up to
               | 40,000 around the (IIRC) 11th century in Illinois.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | That's the city I was referring to. The estimates I saw
               | said 20k, so it depends what estimates you look at. It's
               | still very small compared to other major cities of the
               | time.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ElevenLathe wrote:
               | For reference, Cahokia was roughly sited at present-day
               | St. Louis.
        
               | thechao wrote:
               | EDIT: I can't modify this to narrow the assertion to "...
               | the US had a city (Cahokia) larger than its European
               | contemporaries..."
               | 
               | Also, _all_ of the Americas gets historical short shrift
               | from the old world: my point still stands: there was a
               | concerted effort 500 years ago to exterminate the
               | natives, and the results of that plan continues to this
               | day when people say "X doesn't have any history".
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | So, on one hand you acknowledge the concerted effort to
               | exterminate the natives, and on the other hand you appear
               | more than ready to ascribe the credit for the largest
               | city on that soil to the USA? Isn't that just a little
               | bit callous?
        
             | trgn wrote:
             | At the same time, USA has the oldest constitution, and east
             | coast cities for all intents and purposes are 250 years
             | old. If Europe's imperial capitals are essentially 19th
             | century inventions, so are America's (Paris, NYC,
             | Barcelona, Philadelphia, ... all ballooned to their
             | dominant feel during the same decades). The biggest
             | difference is that the brand that the USA is not old or has
             | little heritage, has been along for so long that Americans
             | and Europeans alike have internalized it. But in 2022,
             | America _is_ an old country, and does have a lineage that
             | stretches way back, all the way to antiquity why not.
        
               | relaxing wrote:
               | Just because the US happened to be founded in the Age of
               | Enlightenment that doesn't magically grant us heritage
               | back to antiquity.
               | 
               | And the argument isn't about the size of cities or
               | political organization. But for reference, Philadelphia
               | in 1790 had population 28k. That's on par with Paris
               | around year 0 in the Roman era, or roughly year 1100 as
               | the city recovered in the middle ages.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | I always found these statements interesting. Heritage
               | follows a cultural lineage that doesn't attach
               | necessarily to political institutions. Much of Europe's
               | political structure post dates the US. The heritage of
               | the US is extraordinarily rich and inherits the heritage
               | of the entire planet as cultures have immigrated and
               | integrated. We have very clear direct heritages to
               | England, Ireland, Italy, Germany, France, China, India,
               | Japan, Russia, Greece, to name a few. Every American city
               | has a "town" for these cultures. Are they not our
               | heritage? How can they possibly not be?
               | 
               | Japan has a very clear monoculture heritage for a very
               | long time. But part of British heritage is Roman occupied
               | England is it not? Germany shares a heritage with
               | Prussia. Much of the world has some Mongolian heritage,
               | don't they? You can see the influence not just in
               | genetics but in art and culture. How is that not their
               | heritage?
               | 
               | If this is true, then perhaps the issue isn't that
               | America has no heritage, but that it is so comprehensive
               | that it's impossible to pin it down to something as
               | distinct as a monoculture?
        
               | leipert wrote:
               | As a European it just seems weird that sometimes the
               | heritage that is a few generations old is pulled out of
               | thin air in order to give some meaning in the modern day.
               | If your family migrated to the US in the 1800s, you ain't
               | German, Irish or French no more. Yes, we have the same
               | heritage, but the fork happened so long ago, that you
               | cannot relate to the experience of something that
               | happened later in Europe or elsewhere. Similarly how I
               | cannot go to some German-heritage community in the US and
               | relate to everything they lived through.
        
               | Archelaos wrote:
               | > Much of Europe's political structure post dates the US.
               | 
               | I do not think that one can make such a claim
               | objectively. There is a whole lot of prejudice hidden
               | behind the word "much". Political structure simply cannot
               | be quantified. There are elements that were earlier in
               | the US. There are elements that were earlier in Europe.
               | Some elements were earlier in Europe, but given up
               | inbetween and readopted later. Some elements are unique
               | to the US, some to Europe. Some elements have changed so
               | much during their history that you may either claim that
               | they represent a very old system or a very new one. (For
               | the latter: Is present day Vatican the oldest political
               | institution in Europe, because it can trace its origins
               | to Antiquity, or is it one of the youngest, because it
               | was formed with the help of Mussolini?) -- One needs to
               | tell stories of origin, not impose inappropriate metrics.
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | It's not American exceptionalism to show the similarities
               | to Europe, simply a note of likeness. No need to be
               | hostile to the notion of identifying intersecting
               | attributes.
        
               | relaxing wrote:
               | We're talking about the length of history, there's no
               | intersection.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | There are ancient indigenous civilizations that continue
               | to this day in America, or do we deny their history is
               | part of the history of America? The history of the
               | political Germany is very short if we are talking about
               | established political institutions.
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | Clearly there is, from the industrial revolution forward.
               | 
               | France tried to completely recreate itself several times
               | during this period. By way of example, we no longer call
               | it the Frankish lands nor the monarchy. Aggregate
               | governance structures have changed tens of times, whereas
               | the US really hasn't changed dramatically in the post
               | Native American and post Revolution periods.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | I think give the US is a collection of independent states
               | the massive growth of states in the 1800's might count as
               | another transformative period for the political
               | institution, which has been relatively stable since the
               | 1900's with 5 state governments being established (most
               | front loaded the ~first decade).
        
               | hattmall wrote:
               | Would any of these have been the same people? Like is it
               | conceivable the same family lineage in Paris 0-1100, or
               | even 2k years to now or would the war, conquest, etc have
               | changed the demographics considerably?
        
               | relaxing wrote:
               | Lineage in terms of common ancestor and shared DNA? Of
               | course. It's pretty rare for invasions to result in the
               | wholesale slaughter and replacement of a population.
        
               | mrkstu wrote:
               | Well, depends- it's actually fairly common in earlier
               | ages. In the last thousand years or so a bit less, and
               | last 100 basically not at all.
        
               | hnhg wrote:
               | I've spoken to people from some parts of the world where
               | they have talked about a "recent" govt or king and then
               | found out they were talking about 300 years ago, which
               | was wild. Their collective sense of history goes back
               | thousands of years. I would really recommend the chance
               | to speak with people from Rome, Cairo, Damascus or
               | Beijing (amongst many others, these are the first that
               | come to mind) who love their local history, and you will
               | get a sense of history that goes back a long way than a
               | lot of people (myself included) can comprehend.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | There was a lot there 120 years ago. However the natives
             | didn't have access to the types of materials that would
             | last in that climate, and of course Europeans destroyed
             | their culture.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | I think we disagree on the definition of "a lot". Were
               | there even any permanent settlements on the Canadian
               | prairies? Most of the natives were nomadic.
        
               | _whiteCaps_ wrote:
               | The Prairies are there _because_ of the First Nations.
               | 
               | Grasslands like Head-Smashed-In were maintained to
               | attract buffalo, and timed to attract them in prime
               | harvest season.
               | 
               | Burning was done to improve productivity of berry
               | patches, etc.
               | 
               | It just doesn't match the European idea of agriculture /
               | settlements.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | > Most of the natives were nomadic.
               | 
               | Prior to the horse they were not nomadic, the prairies
               | don't support a nomadic way of life without some animal
               | you can ride, and the prairies didn't have one that can
               | be tamed, so it is clear they were not nomads. The
               | natives didn't have access to the types of building
               | materials that would result in permanent structures,
               | which means there is limited evidence for archeologists
               | to work with, but there is enough about what life was
               | like before the horse to know it wasn't nomadic.
               | 
               | Once the horse came many became nomadic as the horse
               | allowed a nomadic lifestyle that wasn't possible. It
               | wasn't long after the horse those that Europeans wiped
               | the natives out (small pox and the like also wipes out a
               | lot of natives and their culture). There is reason to
               | believe that if the Europeans had brought the horse and
               | then left the nomadic way of life was on the verge of
               | causing a collapse of the Bison population, which would
               | have force major changes (most like a return to farming
               | settlements, but massive starvation followed by some form
               | of culture population control - or something else on
               | these lines that you can think up)
               | 
               | The switch to a nomadic way of life (which was directly
               | caused by the arrival of Europeans) cause the loss of
               | knowledge about the older ways of life. We have to make a
               | lot of guesses, but if you know what to look for some
               | things become clear.
               | 
               | Note that we talk about natives as if they are one
               | culture, but that is not true. There were many different
               | cultures with different ways of life. Some adopted
               | nomadic ways of life more than others. The horse allowed
               | the nomads to out compete those who tried to retain the
               | old ways, so those who didn't adopt the horse either died
               | out (starved, assimilated) or had to move to areas that
               | horse didn't do as well in.
        
             | CMCDragonkai wrote:
             | In that sense there's always a bigger fish. My Chinese last
             | name is older than the idea of Germany.
        
             | creaturemachine wrote:
             | Europeans have no awareness of aboriginal history since
             | they simply didn't have anything like it, so of course
             | their version of history and culture is assumed to be the
             | standard.
        
               | markhahn wrote:
               | surely you aren't saying that current euro cultures are
               | "original". perhaps you're saying that previous cultures
               | were more/more-often absorbed and incorporated?
        
               | yonaguska wrote:
               | I think the lack of awareness is more due to the lack of
               | written records.
               | 
               | I'm not so sure that I would say that there is no
               | "awareness", and if there is a lack of awareness- it
               | seems more likely that the lack of awareness is due to
               | the fact that everyone is self centric, Europeans are
               | going to be more aware of European history, in the same
               | way that having grown up in a very specific region of the
               | US, I am more well versed in the local native history
               | than someone that wouldn't be. For instance, in
               | elementary school, we went to visit native burial mounds
               | and were educated on the local native history. All the
               | native names for roads, towns, etc, they were local
               | tribes that we learned about.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | Which definition of "aboriginal" are you using here? If
               | you're simply referring to the indigenous people of
               | Australia, it seems a tautology that they didn't exist in
               | Europe. And if you're using aboriginal as an umbrella
               | term for all indigenous people, it seems foolish to me to
               | think that there never were indigenous people in Europe.
               | 
               | Also, you might want to look up the etymology of the word
               | you're using:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aborigines_(mythology)
               | 
               | > The Aborigines in Roman mythology are the oldest
               | inhabitants of central Italy, connected in legendary
               | history with Aeneas, Latinus and Evander.
        
         | Alex3917 wrote:
         | Espaliering fruit trees is popular even today. Obviously in
         | this case people are just picking fruit off the water sprouts
         | that shoot up each year rather than using the wood for other
         | purposes, but the general idea is the same. The shoots just get
         | trimmed back every year rather than every other year.
         | 
         | E.g. if you look at this pic of a fig tree, you can see that it
         | looks almost identical to the Japanese technique:
         | 
         | https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/10/10/realestate/06gard...
        
         | duped wrote:
         | Thanks for the googling for rabbit holes.
         | 
         | The joinery in traditional Japanese construction is remarkably
         | impressive in its craftsmanship. I've heard it was born from a
         | combination of expensive and poor quality iron for nails
         | (although the same could be said in European construction -
         | hence the phrase, "dead as a door nail") and the desire to be
         | able to relocate Shinto shrines without damage (which required
         | joints that could sustain serious loads without nails or glue).
         | The ingenuity of design, and craftsmanship in their manufacture
         | is something to behold. You can stare at a joint, chiseled by
         | someone hundreds of years ago from fine hardwood and appreciate
         | the care and expertise put into it.
         | 
         | I wonder sometimes what we build that people look back on and
         | will see the same quality of work.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | I thought 'dead as a door nail' was a reference to dead
           | nailing. Dead nailing being the bending over of the nail to
           | lock it in place. Is this practice somehow related to poor
           | quality nails?
           | 
           | https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/dead_as_a_doornail
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | pineaux wrote:
             | For an excellent video about the use, history and
             | ethymology of a dead door nails:
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/1JOwfKLdRt8
        
           | Danieru wrote:
           | More important: earthquakes.
           | 
           | Large ancient style Nails are a poor choice for a building
           | which over the next 50 years is will experience a 100+
           | earthquakes. Joined wood is a mechanical connection which
           | would require a house to be disassembled from the top down.
           | The wood would sooner rip than come loose.
           | 
           | Edit: also joinery is not dead. Even modern Japanese houses
           | have most of their connections a joinery. Then reinforced up
           | with nails, cross braces (wood and now metal), and metal
           | pins. Every dozen or so years Japan adds a new method for
           | further earthquake proofing wooden homes.
           | 
           | Stuff built now is expected to survive a Shindo 7 earthquake.
           | Japan has only had 8 Shindo 7s in the past 100 years.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Iron was expensive in Europe, before mass production a nail
           | had to be made individually by hand which took a long time.
           | Which is why until around 200 years ago nails were used only
           | when nothing else would do.
        
         | BucketsMcG wrote:
         | After the Windsor Castle fire of 1992, they rebuilt the wooden
         | roof of St. George's Hall without using a single nail, screw or
         | drop of glue. They had a hard time finding people with the
         | skills and knowledge to do it, as it's pretty much a dead art
         | now.
        
       | _tom_ wrote:
       | Without cutting DOWN trees. I was trying to guess how they could
       | grow square trees.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | I'm sure people "molded" tree into squarer outer shape in the
         | past.
        
       | xg15 wrote:
       | > _The other reason the technique was developed was fashion. In
       | the 14th century, a linear, stylized form of architecture known
       | as sukiya-zukuri was extremely popular_
       | 
       | I'm also fascinated by how Japan apparently had it's own Bauhaus
       | period, some 600 years before the west did.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | It resurfaced again in 1998 [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.discogs.com/release/1251099-Various-Satori-A-
         | Tri...
        
           | xg15 wrote:
           | Oh, that's cool!
           | 
           | I also found this bit [1]. So there really seems to be a
           | connection between Sukiya-zukuri and Bauhaus:
           | 
           | > _In 1954 Walter Gropius, founder of the Bauhaus visited
           | Katsura Detached Palace and was so struck by it that in 1960
           | he co-authored Katsura: Tradition and Creation Japanese
           | Architecture with Kenzo Tange._
           | 
           | (Though the book quote in the article seems to be about Zen
           | gardens, which reads to me as maximally un-Bauhaus-like, so
           | not sure if the style really was a direct inspiration for
           | Bauhaus.)
           | 
           | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukiya-zukuri#Influence
        
       | peteradio wrote:
       | > Here and there in the forests around Kyoto you will find
       | abandoned giant daisugi (they only produce lumber for 200-300
       | years before being worn out), still alive, some with trunk
       | diameters of over 15 meters.
       | 
       | 15 meters?? Seriously??
        
       | revskill wrote:
       | Youtube video is bad, there's no video to see how things are
       | really done.
        
       | rossmohax wrote:
       | I always thought that trees spend energy to grow higher, because
       | they are fighting for the sun. Looking at the picture there seem
       | to be enough sun for each sprout,why does it keep growing?
        
       | adipginting wrote:
       | Related https://us.eia.org/blog/japan-a-major-market-for-high-
       | risk-t... .
       | 
       | It seems like this ancient practice can not fulfil Japan's timber
       | demand.
        
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