[HN Gopher] US Supreme Court asked if cops can plant spy cams ar...
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       US Supreme Court asked if cops can plant spy cams around homes
        
       Author : LinuxBender
       Score  : 110 points
       Date   : 2022-11-19 17:11 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theregister.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theregister.com)
        
       | 0F5 wrote:
       | Tangential but literally moments ago I evaded a prostitution
       | sting. I met someone on Grindr who was really cute and she asked
       | for payment upfront. Then I said that makes me nervous and I'd
       | like to get to know you first, just a regular date. She agreed
       | and then when I arrived to pick her up she changed her tack and
       | demanded payment to do anything at all. I said ok, meet me in the
       | lobby so we can discuss further. Refusal. Ok video chat with me
       | to discuss further. Refusal. All with bullshit excuses. I played
       | every angle I could and the shape of her was that she accepted
       | nothing except what could incriminate me. I understood it was a
       | sting very quickly. It's so disturbing that the cops would saddle
       | me with a class D felony even though I never wanted to pay her.
       | They tried to pressure me in the moment to create criminal
       | behavior where there was none. And then I would go to prison and
       | probably be killed, certainly changed and damaged mentally for
       | the rest of my life. Years of my life gone, my career ruined and
       | my dreams destroyed all for those bastard cops to have the thrill
       | of making a bust. It fucking sickens me. Our society is deeply
       | sick where this violence is not only tolerated but endorsed and
       | lawful. The cops are bastards and we need to put them in their
       | fucking place. Thank god for first amendment auditors...
        
         | pwg wrote:
         | While those actions are indicative of a possible sting, they
         | are also equally indicative of a scam artist. "She" might have
         | been some guy (male) in a boiler room somewhere just trying to
         | scam people out of their money. The avoidance of any form of
         | contact where you could see that the person you were conversing
         | with electronically was not the person from the photo, while
         | requesting payment up front, fits the scam artist method as
         | well.
        
         | devilbunny wrote:
         | > even though I never wanted to pay her
         | 
         | You wanted a prostitute but didn't intend to pay?
         | 
         | If you're just looking for a hookup, the first hint of a money
         | demand should have been met with "nope, not interested in pay-
         | for-play". And drop them.
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | * And then I would go to prison and probably be killed,
         | certainly changed and damaged mentally for the rest of my
         | life.*
         | 
         | My very limited understanding is that the vast majority of
         | these sting cases are dismissed as entrapment and are largely
         | about dissuading others from attempting to solicit in the
         | future. Are there any lawyers on that could speak to this?
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Not a lawyer (sorry), but just from following the news it
           | does seem pretty clearly about putting a chilling effect on
           | the marketplace (buyers and sellers, but especially sellers)
           | through fear.
           | 
           | Aka 'making an example' of someone. The buyers in particular
           | only seem to get named in specific high profile cases or when
           | the authorities feel it's _really_ out of hand and they need
           | to do something drastic.
           | 
           | Similar to drugs frankly.
           | 
           | Unlike drugs, it seems extremely rare for anyone involved to
           | actually get more than token jail time unless they are a very
           | large scale madame/pimp (and jail is not, generally, prison).
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > even though I never wanted to pay her.
         | 
         | > I met someone on Grindr who was really cute and she asked for
         | payment upfront. Then I said that makes me nervous and I'd like
         | to get to know you first, just a regular date.
         | 
         | So even after a woman asked you to pay her (for what?), you
         | decided would still like to date this woman? And you expected
         | to convince her to stop being a prostitute during the date?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | > I met someone on Grindr who was really cute and she
         | 
         | There are women on grindr???
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | With gay spaces one big issue is often critical mass.
           | 
           | I would suspect that for MTF individuals that Grindr would be
           | one of the few places with a critical mass of both people
           | they are looking for and people looking for them, even if
           | that's not really the intended or main target audience. From
           | what I understand, trans individuals have a hard time on
           | other dating apps because their profiles get reported a lot
           | for being "misleading" (which is a whole debate that I'm not
           | getting into)
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | "She" doesn't necessarily mean biologically female, anymore.
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | Neither does "woman". (But your point is well-taken.)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | threadweaver34 wrote:
        
         | bakugo wrote:
         | There's something really hilarious and ironic about the
         | statement "Our society is deeply sick" in the context of the
         | rest of your comment.
        
         | registeredcorn wrote:
         | So someone asked you for money in exchange for sex, you agreed
         | to meet up with them, and now feel outraged that the police may
         | have tried to arrest you for engaging in illegal activity. Do I
         | have that right?
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | >They tried to pressure me in the moment to create criminal
         | behavior where there was none. And then I would go to prison
         | and probably be killed,
         | 
         | what state are you in where paying for a prostitute would get
         | you sent to prison?
         | 
         | Why would you be killed in prison - for getting a prostitute?
        
       | User23 wrote:
       | I would like this to require a warrant, but it's hard to see why
       | it should with the law as written. Placing a camera in a public
       | place just isn't a search or seizure.
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | I think a camera placed by the police and targeted at your
         | house for more than an incidental amount of time is a type of
         | search. I'm somewhat struggling to see the counter-argument
         | about how it's not in any way a search such as the 4th would
         | require a warrant for.
        
           | NikkiA wrote:
           | Functionally it's no different from a stake-out, which
           | doesn't require a warrant and is not a search. And that's
           | what the supreme court is going to rule.
           | 
           | There is, of course a difference in that you have a
           | reasonable chance of noticing a stake-out taking place, but
           | then you have a similar chance of noticing cameras being
           | placed on utility poles near your home so...
        
             | wnoise wrote:
             | I don't see how a stake-out isn't a search. It might
             | presumptively be a reasonable search that doesn't require a
             | warrant, as it's not a search that interferes or
             | trespasses. But they are looking for evidence, right? I
             | call looking for something a search.
        
         | saxonww wrote:
         | Does it matter if the camera is for a nonspecific security
         | purpose and incidentally captures your activity, vs. a camera
         | installed for the _specific express purpose_ of recording your
         | activity?
        
           | 0xcde4c3db wrote:
           | I can hear the officer's testimony already...
           | 
           | "We received a tip that a drug deal was going down in this
           | area; it's just a coincidence that one of the cameras
           | happened to be able to see inside that house."
        
       | coding123 wrote:
       | Titles like this suck. I keep reading it as if the court was
       | asking someone if cops can do x.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | I think the Supreme Court strikes this down. I think this is
       | similar to Kyllo which rules against thermal imaging of homes.
       | 
       | The majority opinion was written by Scalia, joined by Souter,
       | Thomas, Ginsburg, Breyer.
       | 
       | With Dissent by Stevens, joined by Rehnquist, O'Connor, Kennedy
       | 
       | Thomas is still on the court. I think Gorsuch is even more
       | protective of due process than Scalia. I think the 3 liberals
       | would vote to strike it down. That is 5. Robert's, Kavanaugh, and
       | Barret could go either way.
        
       | doodlebugging wrote:
       | It's time to crowdfund some cheap cameras that can be connected
       | to a mesh network and deployed to cover the area where our
       | elected representatives live and hang out. Blanket their
       | neighborhoods with cameras and microphones and live stream it
       | 24/7 so every constituent can see in real time how hard our
       | representatives work for us.
       | 
       | Track them from point to point and use Mastodon or the pitiful
       | shell of Twitter to keep everyone informed about who they hang
       | out with and how long they spend together, what they talk about,
       | which devices they use, their favorite brand of beer or tennis
       | shoe.
       | 
       | We can call it RepWatch, PoliWatch, or whatever. It could be the
       | next great social network and all they have to do to join is to
       | run for office and win so we can monitor their habits, bad and
       | good, and judge them on flimsy evidence.
        
         | beached_whale wrote:
         | Reminds me of when that adulterer website got hacked and people
         | used government emails to sign up
        
           | scruple wrote:
           | Ashley Madison. Was talking to my wife about that last night.
           | One of her friends found out that her husband was using the
           | site and I was floored to realize that, years after that
           | hack, it's still around. I don't know why I was surprised --
           | it's not as if a leak / hack would curb the behavior enough
           | to impact that companies bottom line -- but I was.
        
             | MonkeyMalarky wrote:
             | More surprising is that they haven't been swallowed up by
             | Match Group.
        
         | partiallypro wrote:
         | They'll just ban the practice against government officials,
         | make it a federal crime and allow everything else. Then they'll
         | go by stock options on a private prison they throw people in
         | that do this to them.
        
           | doodlebugging wrote:
           | LOL. You're probably right. That which is good for the goose
           | can't possibly also be good for the gander. That would be
           | ridiculous.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | Any spying that has the intention of determining the contents of
       | a home/property should be illegal under the fourth. Watching
       | everything that goes in and out of a property is equivalent to
       | searching the property.
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | It always comes down to "reasonable expectation of privacy" in
         | the eyes of that particular judge.
         | 
         | I don't think nosy neighbors should be illegal, for instance,
         | but if they choose to plant something _inside_ your property,
         | then they should be in big trouble.
        
       | jawns wrote:
       | As many First Amendment auditors have demonstrated, filming in
       | public is a constitutionally protected activity, and their
       | popular slogan, "You can't trespass my eyes," means that if
       | something is visible from a public place (e.g. a sidewalk) it is
       | also legal to film it. That means a citizen (or police officer)
       | can stand on a public sidewalk in front of someone's house and
       | film all they want.
       | 
       | So what makes this utility-pole surveillance different? The
       | cameras are placed in public (outside, on utility poles which
       | presumably involve a public easement). They are not equipped with
       | extreme telephoto lenses or infrared cameras. It is hard, in the
       | abstract, to see how that is any different than a First Amendment
       | auditor doing the same thing.
       | 
       | Where I think it's arguably different is in the sustained,
       | targeted nature of the activity. If one or more private citizens
       | decide to film outside a person's house for 15-30 minutes as part
       | of an audit or similar activity, yes it's probably annoying, but
       | annoying doesn't mean illegal. But if they station themselves
       | outside the house night and day, recording the comings and goings
       | of the residents, I think that arguably rises to the level of
       | stalking. To be clear, I don't think the surveillance cameras
       | meet the legal definition of stalking, but they arguably have
       | similar impact.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | SCOTUS will definitely approve of this. After Scalia died, any
       | shared concept of an individual right to privacy died with him.
       | That's why we should be thankful that prior restraint on speech
       | was banned in the Bill of Rights, so only _enforcement_ of that
       | restriction hinges on current nationalist fashion, rather than
       | the _entire concept_ as in the case of the  "right to privacy."
       | 
       | Scalia's corruption, and his desire to deny the public the tools
       | to prove it, was the thread keeping us all safe.
        
         | pmoriarty wrote:
         | Those of us who value privacy and want to protect it have to
         | find ways of convincingly demonstrating its value to others.
         | 
         | Merely calling it a "right" is just too hand-wavy, and doesn't
         | convince anyone who doesn't already agree with you.
        
           | mdp2021 wrote:
           | You want a theorem. No problem. Privacy is a natural right.
           | 
           | "I know what I am doing, and you don't." (It has to be
           | interpreted as I did not write it in a literal form, but it
           | will do at least for now.)
           | 
           | Plus: one has the right not to be unnerved by peeking
           | intruders. I have a viz for it, let me search for it and I
           | will update the post. Edit: found:
           | https://i.ibb.co/JCrzmbJ/clarkson-children-that-stare.jpg
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Calling privacy a right isn't an argument. Calling for
           | privacy _to be_ a right is what one makes an argument _for._
           | 
           | So I don't know who you're arguing with.
           | 
           | edit: I mean, I deliberately put scare quotes around it.
        
             | kelseyfrog wrote:
             | Calling privacy a right isn't an argument but it's a
             | perfectly legitimate strategy for social legitimization.
             | Repetition legitimizes, repetition legitimizes, repetition
             | legitimizes and is a completely valid way of constructing a
             | social reality in a way one wishes it to be. Besides, no
             | one asked for a right and got it granted. These are socio-
             | rhetorical problems, not logic problems.
        
         | modriano wrote:
         | Scalia wrote a few pro privacy decisions, but Scalia is in no
         | way the "defender of the 4th amendment", hagiographic
         | obituaries notwithstanding.
         | 
         | In his Whren v US decision [0], Scalia gave police the power to
         | stop and search any driver as long as they assert a traffic
         | violation as the pretext for the stop.
         | 
         | In Florida v Riley [1], he agreed that it's not unreasonable to
         | police to use a helicopter to fly into position to see into
         | property not visible from any adjacent building or from
         | adjacent land, assert they can see marijuana, and use that as a
         | pretext for a search warrant.
         | 
         | In Lawrence v Texas [2], which focused on a case where police
         | entered Lawrence's apartment (in response to a reported weapons
         | disturbance) and found Lawrence engaged in consensual sexual
         | act with another man, and Lawrence was arrested on charges of
         | violating a Texas statute against "sodomy". The court ruled
         | that individuals have the right to engage in sexual acts with
         | other consenting adults when in the privacy of their homes.
         | Scalia wrote a rancid screed of a dissent.
         | 
         | Sometimes Scalia stood up for the 4th amendment, but he didn't
         | value it more than his prejudices and ideological mission. And
         | that makes it hard for me to say he thought privacy was an
         | individual right.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.oyez.org/cases/1995/95-5841
         | 
         | [1] https://www.oyez.org/cases/1988/87-764
         | 
         | [2] https://www.oyez.org/cases/2002/02-102
        
           | jibe wrote:
           | _Whren v US decision [0], Scalia gave police the power to
           | stop and search any driver as long as they assert a traffic
           | violation as the pretext for the stop._
           | 
           | 1: it was a unanimous decision
           | 
           | 2: they can't just assert a traffic violation, there has to
           | be an actual violation of the law.
        
             | Petersipoi wrote:
             | Seems to me like GP is using the word "assert"
             | intentionally to make it seem like Scalia supports giving
             | cops the power to make up charges then act accordingly.
             | 
             | No, Scalia didn't support police flying a helicopter up to
             | your window and pretending they see marijuana then raiding
             | your house. And yeah GP is going to argue that "assert"
             | doesn't mean claiming something that isn't true. But the
             | intention is obvious to the point that it's really
             | difficult to see good faith here.
        
               | modriano wrote:
               | It's really not possible to dispute that the Supreme
               | Court just tells police what magic words they need to
               | include in their reports to make unconstitutional
               | searches constitutional.
               | 
               | In Terry v Ohio [0], a plainclothes policeman saw three
               | guys casing a store, saw the outlines of concealed items
               | that he believed to be guns, he stopped and searched them
               | on that basis, and two of the three guys had weapons. The
               | Court ruled that the evidence was admissible and the
               | officer's "reasonable suspicion" made the search lawful,
               | as the officer's safety may be endangered if they're
               | questioning individuals with weapons. Without a
               | reasonable suspicion that an individual has a concealed
               | weapon, though, the frisk is an unconstitutional 4A
               | violation.
               | 
               | In this NY Civil Liberties Union study of stop and frisk
               | data [1], going through NYPD stop and frisk data, from
               | 2003 to 2013, 2585945 frisks were performed but weapons
               | were only found in ~2% (!!!) of frisks. If your
               | suspicions are wrong 98% of the time, it's pretty hard to
               | describe the suspicion as "reasonable", but the SC
               | declared that asserting reasonable suspicion is all it
               | takes to make those unconstitutional searches
               | constitutional.
               | 
               | I'm not anti police, I'm a homicide researcher in Chicago
               | and I have immense respect for a number of the officers
               | and detectives I've worked with. But I can't look at
               | these facts and then pretend they don't exist.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.oyez.org/cases/1967/67
               | 
               | [1] https://www.nyclu.org/sites/default/files/publication
               | s/stopa...
        
             | modriano wrote:
             | 1. Yeah. Scalia wrote the opinion, and every other Justice
             | signed onto it. Scalia is not some unique iconoclastic
             | privacy loving Justice, he was in line with the way the
             | court thinks about the 4A.
             | 
             | 2a. Imagine a police officer falsely alleged a traffic
             | violation. How much equipment would the pulled-over driver
             | need to have to prove the allegation was false, and how
             | much would it cost to then prove the allegation false? How
             | much equipment would police cars need to prove every
             | allegation was valid? Why are we going to pretend this
             | isn't just another case where the Supreme Court is coaching
             | police on what words they need to put in reports (eg
             | "furtive gestures" to justify a Terry stop, or any traffic
             | violation for this) to allow "us" to have our cake (the 4A)
             | and eat it too (still overpolice Black neighborhoods and
             | chase Black people out of suburbs)?
             | 
             | 2b. Should driving 26 mph in a zone with a 25 mph speed
             | limit eliminate protections against a stop and a search? If
             | there are so many traffic laws that it's inevitable that
             | following someone for 10 minutes would yield 1 violation,
             | in what sense do we really have any 4A protection while on
             | the road?
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | For 2, isn't that some weird logistics? You have to bring
             | them to court, convict them, then you can search the
             | vehicle?
        
             | tstrimple wrote:
             | > 2: they can't just assert a traffic violation, there has
             | to be an actual violation of the law.
             | 
             | How's that working out in practice?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Scalia was a bad person. But to diminish what he did stand up
           | for essentially dismisses the court entirely, since everyone
           | else was worse.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | >Scalia wrote a few pro privacy decisions, but Scalia is in
           | no way the "defender of the 4th amendment"
           | 
           | He never said Scalia was perfect. He implied that he was our
           | last hope
        
             | modriano wrote:
             | Even if that was his point, it's wrong. Breyer
             | (interestingly, Breyer was mugged and robbed at least
             | twice) and Ginsburg often sided with the conservatives in
             | voting to invade our privacy, but Kagan and Sotomayor are
             | pretty reliable defenders of privacy, and from the
             | arguments I've listened to so far from this term, I'm
             | confident KBJ holds even stronger pro-privacy 4A views than
             | Kagan and Sotomayor. And even with Breyer and Ginsburg
             | voting against privacy somewhat regularly, in the biggest
             | 4A case of the past few years, Carpenter v US [0], Breyer,
             | Ginsburg, Kagan, Sotomayor, and CJ Roberts voted that the
             | 4A protects individuals against warrantless searches of
             | cell-site records (ie the cell tower records that include
             | frequent pings of every cell phone using that tower).
             | 
             | So even if that was OPs point, it's wrong.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/16-402
        
           | pyuser583 wrote:
           | What makes his dissent in Lawrence a "rancid screed?"
           | 
           | Was it not well thought out? Filled with hateful language and
           | stereotypes?
        
             | modriano wrote:
             | I don't know how to answer if it's "well thought out". It
             | certainly consistent with his mission of enabling
             | conservatives to use the law to enforce morality, as
             | exemplified in section IV,
             | 
             | """I turn now to the ground on which the Court squarely
             | rests its holding: the contention that there is no rational
             | basis for the law here under attack. This proposition is so
             | out of accord with our jurisprudence--indeed, with the
             | jurisprudence of any society we know--that it requires
             | little discussion.
             | 
             | The Texas statute undeniably seeks to further the belief of
             | its citizens that certain forms of sexual behavior are
             | "immoral and unacceptable," Bowers, supra, at 196--the same
             | interest furthered by criminal laws against fornication,
             | bigamy, adultery, adult incest, bestiality, and obscenity.
             | Bowers held that this was a legitimate state interest. The
             | Court today reaches the opposite conclusion. The Texas
             | statute, it says, "furthers no legitimate state interest
             | which can justify its intrusion into the personal and
             | private life of the individual," ante, at 18 (emphasis
             | addded). The Court embraces instead JUSTICE STEVENS'
             | declaration in his Bowers dissent, that "the fact that the
             | governing majority in a State has traditionally viewed a
             | particular practice as immoral is not a sufficient reason
             | for upholding a law prohibiting the practice," ante, at 17.
             | This effectively decrees the end of all morals legislation.
             | If, as the Court asserts, the promotion of majoritarian
             | sexual morality is not even a legitimate state interest,
             | none of the above-mentioned laws can survive rational-basis
             | review.""" [0]
             | 
             | I'd say it's fairly hateful to compare consensual
             | homosexual sex to bestiality (which cannot be consensual
             | and thus is always rape).
             | 
             | He also spends a lot of time freaking out about the idea
             | that if the Court forbids states from criminalizing
             | homosexuality, it would logically follow that homosexuals
             | are just people and would also be entitled to marriage
             | equality. And he makes it clear how much he is afraid and
             | repulsed by the idea of homosexuals getting the right to
             | marriage equality.
             | 
             | """Let me be clear that I have nothing against homosexuals,
             | or any other group, promoting their agenda through normal
             | democratic means. Social perceptions of sexual and other
             | morality change over time, and every group has the right to
             | persuade its fellow citizens that its view of such matters
             | is the best. That homosexuals have achieved some success in
             | that enterprise is attested to by the fact that Texas is
             | one of the few remaining States that criminalize private,
             | consensual homosexual acts. But persuading one's fellow
             | citizens is one thing, and imposing one's views in absence
             | of democratic majority will is something else. I would no
             | more require a State to criminalize homosexual acts--or,
             | for that matter, display any moral disapprobation of them--
             | than I would forbid it to do so. What Texas has chosen to
             | do is well within the range of traditional democratic
             | action, and its hand should not be stayed through the
             | invention of a brand-new "constitutional right" by a Court
             | that is impatient of democratic change. It is indeed true
             | that "later generations can see that laws once thought
             | necessary and proper in fact serve only to oppress," ante,
             | at 18; and when that happens, later generations can repeal
             | those laws. But it is the premise of our system that those
             | judgments are to be made by the people, and not imposed by
             | a governing caste that knows best.
             | 
             | One of the benefits of leaving regulation of this matter to
             | the people rather than to the courts is that the people,
             | unlike judges, need not carry things to their logical
             | conclusion. The people may feel that their disapprobation
             | of homosexual conduct is strong enough to disallow
             | homosexual marriage, but not strong enough to criminalize
             | private homosexual acts--and may legislate accordingly. The
             | Court today pretends that it possesses a similar freedom of
             | action, so that that we need not fear judicial imposition
             | of homosexual marriage, as has recently occurred in Canada
             | (in a decision that the Canadian Government has chosen not
             | to appeal). See Halpern v. Toronto, 2003 WL 34950 (Ontario
             | Ct.App.); Cohen, Dozens in Canada Follow Gay Couple's Lead,
             | Washington Post, June 12, 2003, p. A25. At the end of its
             | opinion--after having laid waste the foundations of our
             | rational-basis jurisprudence--the Court says that the
             | present case "does not involve whether the government must
             | give formal recognition to any relationship that homosexual
             | persons seek to enter." Ante, at 17. Do not believe it.
             | More illuminating than this bald, unreasoned disclaimer is
             | the progression of thought displayed by an earlier passage
             | in the Court's opinion, which notes the constitutional
             | protections afforded to "personal decisions relating to
             | marriage, procreation, contraception, family relationships,
             | child rearing, and education," and then declares that
             | "[p]ersons in a homosexual relationship may seek autonomy
             | for these purposes, just as heterosexual persons do." Ante,
             | at 13 (emphasis added). Today's opinion dismantles the
             | structure of constitutional law that has permitted a
             | distinction to be made between heterosexual and homosexual
             | unions, insofar as formal recognition in marriage is
             | concerned. If moral disapprobation of homosexual conduct is
             | "no legitimate state interest" for purposes of proscribing
             | that conduct, ante, at 18; and if, as the Court coos
             | (casting aside all pretense of neutrality), "[w]hen
             | sexuality finds overt expression in intimate conduct with
             | another person, the conduct can be but one element in a
             | personal bond that is more enduring," ante, at 6; what
             | justification could there possibly be for denying the
             | benefits of marriage to homosexual couples exercising
             | "[t]he liberty protected by the Constitution," ibid.?
             | Surely not the encouragement of procreation, since the
             | sterile and the elderly are allowed to marry. This case
             | "does not involve" the issue of homosexual marriage only if
             | one entertains the belief that principle and logic have
             | nothing to do with the decisions of this Court. Many will
             | hope that, as the Court comfortingly assures us, this is
             | so.""" [1]
             | 
             | [0]
             | https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/539/558/#599
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/539/558/#604
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | ghoward wrote:
       | I really hope SCOTUS smacks down the cops; "right of the people
       | to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects,
       | against unreasonable searches and seizures" is pretty clear, and
       | it doesn't matter that the Fourth Amendment was written in a time
       | without electronics.
       | 
       | Also, this should apply to manual police surveillance of homes as
       | well: there should be a warrant.
        
         | rychco wrote:
         | The current SCOTUS? Respecting your rights? I wouldn't count on
         | it, friend.
        
           | koolba wrote:
           | They did a great job respecting the right to bear arms.
        
         | pstuart wrote:
         | This case was about somebody selling illegal drugs (and
         | firearms but only skimmed).
         | 
         | The War on Drugs has legitimized excessive policing to an
         | insane degree (only eclipsed by the War on Terror).
         | 
         | People continue to support this because "drugs are bad,
         | m'kay?", which can be true, but doesn't warrant this madness.
         | The US should have learned its lesson with alcohol prohibition
         | but apparently too many people profit off the current scheme
         | for it to meaningfully change.
         | 
         | We could collectively remedy this promptly if enough of the
         | population recognized and demanded that the better path is
         | education, regulation, and taxation.
        
           | cwillu wrote:
           | Sounds like the lesson was learned quite well.
        
             | pstuart wrote:
             | I get the snark, but no, it hasn't.
        
         | modriano wrote:
         | Imagine you have a largish property (say 5 acres) and you had a
         | greenhouse that was not visible from any adjacent public land,
         | and police suspect you're growing some marijuana in that
         | greenhouse. Would it be unreasonable for cops to get a
         | helicopter, fly high enough to see over the things hiding the
         | greenhouse, claim they saw marijuana from a distance of over
         | 400 feet with just their eyes, and used that as probable cause
         | to then get a search warrant for the property? In Florida v
         | Riley, "The Court held that Riley had no reasonable expectation
         | of privacy in this case because anyone could view Riley's
         | property from a helicopter flying in navigable airspace and
         | figure out what was inside. The police officer did not enter
         | Riley's land or interfere with it in any way. Furthermore, the
         | manner in which he was flying the helicopter was well within
         | the law; therefore, the police officer was within his rights to
         | view Riley's property from the air. The Court determined that
         | the police action in this case did not violate Riley's Fourth
         | Amendment rights." [0]
         | 
         | That case was in 1988, and it is not out of line with the 4th
         | Amendment decisions over the ~50+ years since the Warren court
         | that made good 4A decisions (like Katz vs US [1]). So expect
         | this case to fly through 6 to 3.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.oyez.org/cases/1988/87-764
         | 
         | [1] https://www.oyez.org/cases/1967/35
        
           | alex_young wrote:
           | Interestingly however, if they use infrared imaging they
           | can't do so without a warrant. See
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyllo_v._United_States
        
           | scarface74 wrote:
           | >... you're growing some marijuana in that greenhouse
           | 
           | Your entire argument is based on the flawed premise that
           | government should have any right to stop you from growing,
           | selling or consuming marijuana.
        
           | ch4s3 wrote:
           | Yes. The whole drug war is antithetical to the spirit and
           | original intent of the 4th and I firmly believe the court
           | decided these cases incorrectly. Imagine extending this
           | ridiculous helicopter analogy to satellites of increasing
           | capability. Where would there ever be any expectation of
           | privacy? Must we all cling together in lead lined boxes
           | underground?
        
             | xahrepap wrote:
             | Or wifi that can see through walls. Etc etc.
             | 
             | It's to the point where we need a new amendment to bolster
             | the 4th in the modern era.
             | 
             | Not saying we SHOULD need one. Because I agree the spirit
             | (and honestly the letter) of the 4th covers us. But clearly
             | bad actors are winning the fight right now.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | This is what always killed me about the "liberal" judges,
               | so many of them are TERRIBLE on the 4th.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | This should be one of the places where conservative
               | "originalist" judicial philosophy shines: after all, that
               | entire philosophy is designed to constrain government
               | power based on what was reasonable and expected in the
               | 1700s. You'd imagine that one could use this approach to
               | protect citizens from government adoption of modern
               | surveillance technology (which is capable of "searches"
               | that track a user's electronic records, among other
               | things.)
               | 
               | Surprisingly, that's not at all what we've seen. For
               | example in Carpenter vs. United States, the Supreme Court
               | was asked whether tracking someone via cell-transaction
               | records required a warrant under the 4th amendment. Chief
               | Justice Roberts and the Court's liberal justices said
               | "yes, it is a violation because citizens should have a
               | reasonable expectation of privacy in their movements."
               | Meanwhile the most prominent originalists (Thomas,
               | Gorsuch as well as Alito) filed dissenting opinions
               | lamenting the decision, saying that the 4th amendment
               | doesn't provide any protection for these records.
               | 
               | Anyway ordinarily I wouldn't respond to a political rant,
               | but I do think it's important for HN readers to know what
               | the most important judges in the country are actually
               | saying on this point.
        
               | wcunning wrote:
               | Gorsuch's dissent read to me as: refile this case with
               | the following complete legal theory that would provide
               | 10x as much protection as the majority's decision. He
               | clearly didn't like the use of the cellphone records,
               | just didn't want to rule the way the majority ruled with
               | so many outs for the cops given how little effort it
               | takes to get a warrant these days.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | The originalist interpretation of Thomas, Gorsuch and
               | Alito seems correct to me. The 4th Amendment refers to
               | "The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
               | houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable
               | searches and seizures." Cellphone records do not belong
               | to the person who owns the cellphone generating that
               | data, nor are they _papers_ or _effects_ in the way the
               | Amendment was meant to refer, nor an intrusion onto a
               | person 's private property, therefore the Amendment
               | shouldn't apply.
               | 
               | Also, as of now SCOTUS has decided a right to privacy
               | doesn't exist within the Constitution. They were willing
               | to get rid of that in order to overturn Roe V. Wade.
               | 
               | The problem with wanting an originalist interpretation of
               | the Constitution is that the Constitution doesn't really
               | say what most people think it does.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | Cell records seem like "papers" to me. Just because this
               | case isn't specifically outlined in the text doesn't mean
               | that power is automatically granted to the government
               | without a warrant.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | >Cell records seem like "papers" to me.
               | 
               | But would they seem like papers to someone in the 1700s?
               | "Papers" in that context are physical documents,
               | parchment and ink.
               | 
               | That's the problem with Constitutional originalism - it
               | boils down to interpreting the mind of an imaginary
               | ghost, which fundamentally leads to justifying
               | confirmation bias by proxy.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | I totally agree. The originalists haven't made a very
               | strong intellectual showing on the 4th.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | mcbits wrote:
             | I suspect the 4th amendment would have been worded somewhat
             | differently if the royal tax collectors in Boston had been
             | clever enough to train tea-sniffing dogs to search cargo
             | for tea smuggling without physically searching inside.
        
             | modriano wrote:
             | I must confess, I wasn't really presenting a hypothetical,
             | even if I initially presented it that way. I was just
             | presenting the facts of the case Florida v Riley [0], which
             | the Supreme Court considered and then decided individuals
             | don't have a reasonable expectation of privacy in locations
             | that can be viewed by a helicopter just outside the bounds
             | of your property. So unless the court completely changes
             | direction on decades of consist (anti-privacy) 4A
             | interpretation, the SC will absolutely rule that it's fine
             | for a geosynchronous satellite to just watch any particular
             | target 24/7, when it becomes economically possible for an
             | investigation to employ such tools.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.oyez.org/cases/1988/87-764
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | I got your intent and I've read a lot about the Riley
               | case. The courts have completely destroyed the 4th
               | amendment, its terrible.
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | Technology destroyed the Fourth Amendment. If the
               | government couldn't fly the helicopter themselves, they
               | would just buy the data, as they already do your
               | cellphone location data, car tag scan data, credit card
               | purchase histories, etc.
               | 
               | It's going to be clearly silly for most people to say
               | that multibillion dollar corporations are allowed to
               | conduct unlimited surveillance on you, but the government
               | can't. The 4A was encoding a legal right to the
               | _societal_ expectation of privacy. We 've spent the last
               | 30 years blithely destroying that social expectation via
               | tech. Of course no one much is up in arms in it now -
               | we've trained it out. Big Data and the Fourth Amendment
               | are antitheses. Even if you were to somehow rile up
               | enough people to force some sort of legislation against
               | stuff like this, it's going to happen anyway, illegally,
               | and they'll find a way to get away with it. Consider the
               | myriad abuses of the CIA and NSA. What happened when the
               | CIA spied on Congress illegally as Congress investigated
               | their other illegal actions, and then got caught, then
               | lied about what they were doing? Absolutely nothing, and
               | the guy in charge is now considered a hero by a whole
               | political faction and is a frequent media commentator
               | expounding his opinions as a Trustworthy Expert.
               | 
               | In a world where you're dealing with human beings, you
               | can't have giant repositories of extremely useful data in
               | centralized locations and think that a "don't look at
               | this" sign is going to do you any good. You have to not
               | have giant centralized repositories of data people care
               | about. The Fourth Amendment could only effectively exist
               | in a world where privacy was valued and invading it meant
               | breaking into someone's home, or his lawyer's office, or
               | paying people to follow him around all day.
        
               | at_a_remove wrote:
               | I think one of the biggest flaws was the use of the word
               | "expectations." Call it a sea change, call it a paradigm
               | shift or a shove on the Overton window, _expectations_
               | have been changing. Technology can certainly kick that
               | along and often opens new chinks in our armor, but there
               | 's a societal and therefore legal bent to it, too.
        
               | newZWhoDis wrote:
               | Yep. Most of the federal government is unconstitutional
               | and the courts allowed it.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Imagine extending this ridiculous helicopter analogy to
             | satellites of increasing capability_
             | 
             | An originalist analogy would be the government spotting
             | something with their naked eye from a boat that isn't
             | visible from land. I don't think that would be
             | unconstitutional. If someone in a helicopter is using their
             | naked eye to look at your one property, that seems to be in
             | a different category from _e.g._ thermal imaging everyone
             | from space.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | This isn't a very good argument. A naked eye assessment
               | from water is no different than from land. You won't see
               | over walls or between land features, you also can't go
               | within 400 ft of any arbitrary point in a piece of
               | property from the water. Furthermore the 400 ft rule is
               | totally arbitrary, and enforcing it relies entirely on
               | the word of the police who are 100% incentivized to lie
               | about both altitude and use of "the naked eye". The whole
               | think stinks of authoritarianism.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _the 400 ft rule is totally arbitrary, and enforcing it
               | relies entirely on the word of the police_
               | 
               | I mean, any distance is going to be arbitrary. And
               | "people might lie" is a bad reason to reject a rule.
               | (It's a good reason to raise the burden of evidence.)
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | The decision set no burden for evidence, and the dissents
               | specifically pointed out that no reasonable civilian
               | pilot would be flying so low. The court invented this
               | shit whole cloth to justify the drug war fashion of the
               | day, it's horrifying overreach.
               | 
               | Imagine saying out loud with a straight face that it's
               | not a search because you're in the sky.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _decision set no burden for evidence_
               | 
               | Defence didn't allege the cops lied. This case wasn't
               | about lying cops.
               | 
               | > _no reasonable civilian pilot would be flying so low_
               | 
               | This argument has merit. That said, civilians don't
               | slowly patrol neighbourhoods either. So I'm not sure
               | where the threshold is for what cops can do on patrol.
        
           | ghoward wrote:
           | I think you're right about the end result, and I do not like
           | it. I also disagree with the Riley case: unless you have
           | REALLY good binoculars, there isn't any way someone could
           | tell what kind of plants are in a greenhouse at 400 feet.
        
             | mkl95 wrote:
             | It's a known fact that cops struggle to distinguish hemp
             | from marijuana. If they can't do it when it's in front of
             | their faces, there's no way they will at 400 feet.
        
               | aerostable_slug wrote:
               | Even better: outdoor grows have been located via their
               | heat signature at night (I have a relative who was a
               | national guard pilot and did this). There's no way to
               | know what's there, just that it's a different temp than
               | the native greenery. Generally this is done on public /
               | state land, but I imagine more than one raid on private
               | land was cued by this technique.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | They're literally the same species. You might still need
               | a license to produce hemp, so they could plausibly
               | consult the license list, notice your cannabis, see
               | you're not on the list, and get a warrant either way.
        
         | jjulius wrote:
         | This is mostly tongue-in-cheek, but:
         | 
         | >... to be secure _in_ their... houses...
         | 
         | The cameras are outside, so teeeeeechnically...
        
           | ghoward wrote:
           | I presume you are being tongue-in-cheek, and I agree, so it
           | will probably be ruled for the cops.
           | 
           | But why would police treat a peeping tom differently when
           | they do the same thing? It's so hypocritical.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | > But why would police treat a peeping tom differently when
             | they do the same thing? It's so hypocritical.
             | 
             | For the same reason that, when the police restrain you
             | against your will and lock you in a cage, it's an arrest,
             | but if you do it, it's assault and kidnapping.
        
               | bialpio wrote:
               | Yeah, but they need to follow some procedures to lock you
               | up, so similarly they probably should have to follow some
               | procedures (like getting a warrant) before surveiling you
               | for extended period?
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | They are _suppose_ to follow some procedures.
        
               | bialpio wrote:
               | I'd hope they _do_ follow some procedures. The problem
               | that those procedures may be lax  / subjective / easy to
               | work around is a whole other matter...
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | Also see "rubber hose cryptanalysis"
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | Actually it's not...
               | 
               | https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/10/us/citizens-arrest-what-
               | is-ex...
               | 
               | Citizen's arrest was actually outlawed in GA because of
               | what happened there by the very conservative state
               | legislation and signed into law by the Republican
               | governor.
        
               | cnelsenmilt wrote:
               | It can still be assault and kidnapping when the police do
               | it, if they don't have a good reason and follow the
               | rules. Same applies to surveillance. The question is not
               | cops vs. non-cops: it's what the valid reasons and rules
               | for the cops are.
        
               | pdntspa wrote:
               | It is still assault and kidnapping, just legally
               | sanctioned, and for some reason we feel compelled to call
               | it an "arrest". Just because its LEO performing the
               | assault doesn't make it any less of an assault.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | Police have a monopoly on violence. Which requires
               | holding them to a higher standard. The 4th amendment
               | means the courts should err on the side of privacy, not
               | surveillance.
        
       | theknocker wrote:
        
       | anonu wrote:
       | To me, this is akin to capturing of cellphone meta data. It
       | should not be admissible in court without a warrant at the time
       | it was collected.
        
       | rasz wrote:
       | I fully expect it to end at: Yes, except congressmen and judges,
       | because safety blabla
       | 
       | hand in hand https://edition.cnn.com/2022/06/14/politics/house-
       | vote-supre...
        
         | [deleted]
        
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