[HN Gopher] Consider working on genomics
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Consider working on genomics
        
       Author : clmcleod
       Score  : 287 points
       Date   : 2022-11-19 15:56 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (claymcleod.dev)
 (TXT) w3m dump (claymcleod.dev)
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Related HN discussion (May 2022) on similar article:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31577376
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01516-2
       | 
       | > "Fundamentally, RSEs build software to support scientific
       | research. They generally don't have research questions of their
       | own -- they develop the computer tools to help other people to do
       | cool things."
        
         | ninala wrote:
         | This does not have to be true. You can certainly pursue
         | interesting biology research questions informed by a software
         | engineering POV.
        
       | jjtheblunt wrote:
       | I quit several years of a dream job in Apple engineering to work
       | on genomics in mid 2016; the small company i joined tanked in 6
       | months. I think the problems impacting this space include vague
       | customer needs. Caveat emptor, so to speak.
        
       | zach_garwood wrote:
       | Several of the job boards linked don't have any job listings,
       | most don't provide a salary range, several require advanced
       | degrees, and none specify whether remote work is possible.
       | 
       | If I can get a better salary and working conditions at some
       | crappy no-name startup, why would I choose to work at an
       | organization that respects my craft so little they haven't
       | bothered to maintain their software for a decade?
        
         | clmcleod wrote:
         | I think your phrase here sums up how many people feel:
         | 
         | > why would I choose to work at an organization that respects
         | my craft so little they haven't bothered to maintain their
         | software for a decade
         | 
         | This is changing in my experience, albeit slowly. And really,
         | this is what I'm calling on us, as a community, to do better
         | on.
         | 
         | The reason you _would_ work at these organizations is because
         | (1) the subject-matter is really interesting, (2) there are
         | hard problems to be solved, and (3) you wake up every morning
         | knowing that you are working on something that will have an
         | impact on the lives of people around the world.
         | 
         | At least those are my reasons :)
        
           | rleigh wrote:
           | How are we "as a community" going to be able to improve this?
           | 
           | It's ultimately down to the cultural norms of the field, as
           | well as the realities of academic funding.
           | 
           | I was a research software engineer (RSE) for the best part of
           | a decade. The best thing that happened to me was being made
           | redundant when my funding ran out, and being forced to work
           | in industry. What a difference (and wholly for the better).
           | 
           | The reasons you give are all nice positives, but they all
           | ultimately are very emotionally manipulative. You're asking
           | people to act against their own self-interest. But this isn't
           | really for the benefit of humanity. It's for the benefit of
           | the PIs who run the research groups, and keeping their little
           | empires running. But the cost to the individual is great.
           | You're sacrificing salary, a career track, advancing your own
           | skills to the full, and in many cases the opportunity to have
           | a life: being able to afford a home and support a family.
           | 
           | In retrospect I, and many others like me, do feel that we
           | were taken advantage of to some degree.
           | 
           | I spent several years on a massive grant, then several years
           | on lots of small short-term grants (12 months, 6 months, 3
           | months). You can't risk getting a mortgage when you have no
           | guaranteed employment. And it's also very stressful not
           | knowing if you'll be employed in three months time every
           | three months. And unlike in a company, RSEs don't really have
           | a proper career track. There's no real progression. You're a
           | hired help.
           | 
           | RSEs are not treated equally with academics. Let's be really
           | honest about that. We're not. I even had a PhD in the subject
           | area and you're still beneath all of the "real" academics.
           | We're not "partners" in their work. We're the dogsbody's.
           | 
           | If these people want software developers with real chops to
           | work in the field then they need to pay a competitive salary,
           | have a proper career track, and really fix the job stability.
           | And they also need to properly respect the expertise RSEs
           | bring. Unless all of those are fixed, a career in industry
           | will continue to be the only rational choice.
           | 
           | This won't happen though. Tenured academics refuse to
           | consider paying the going rate because that would mean the
           | "hired help" would be earning considerably more than they do.
           | I had already topped out the salary band when I left, and I
           | was earning more than most of the junior-mid-career
           | academics. They are, of course, on fairly poor salaries. They
           | too would earn vastly more in industry, but are mostly
           | unwilling to consider that option as a rule. Their loss. If
           | they truly respected the value they were getting, then they
           | would pay for it. It will not happen though. Most of academia
           | is about climbing the greasy pole and not about advancing the
           | state of the art; there's just no way they'll permit others
           | to sit higher on the salary pyramid than they do.
           | 
           | At least in industry skill and competence and the ability to
           | deliver are highly-valued, and companies will gladly pay for
           | people who are proven to deliver. In practice the work I do
           | in industry (biomedical) has far more positive impact upon
           | the world than anything I did in the academic niche I used to
           | occupy, and is also vastly more enjoyable, with a lot more
           | responsibility and technical depth.
           | 
           | Are you personally planning to stick it out for the whole of
           | your career? Because if I could give you the advice I would
           | have liked to have given myself, it's that you should
           | properly think about where you want your career to go in the
           | medium to long term, and decide when (not if, but when) you
           | will exit to move to industry. Use it as an opportunity to
           | gain some useful skills, and move on to where your skills
           | will be properly valued.
        
           | cratermoon wrote:
           | I have experience working in academia. I started out working
           | for a medical school in fact, on bioinformatics. It's been a
           | while, so I have kind of forgotten the problems, but I'll do
           | my best.
           | 
           | 1. Academic code. Not one institution would pass the Joel
           | Test[1]. You pretty much covered some key points in your
           | first paragraph, so I see not much has changed. The best
           | predictor of how something will perform in the future is how
           | it has performed in the past. Just hiring good software
           | engineers won't change the system in which they work.
           | 
           | 2. Academic bureaucracy & administration. I've worked for
           | large Fortune 500 companies with less byzantine org charts.
           | I've been matrix-managed. The siloing in academia is crazy.
           | 
           | 3. Advancement. Because it's academia, advanced degrees are
           | everything. My first boss in academia had a PhD. His job? He
           | ran the student computing lab. My second boss was an MD/PhD.
           | Great guy, but treated everyone like a lab assistant. I went
           | to graduate school for one year and realized it wasn't for
           | me.
           | 
           | 4. (added after reading other comments). Completely
           | unrealistic understanding of what developing robust, complex
           | software is like. You touched on this by mentioning how many
           | projects have 1 maintainer. I remember seeing a doctor
           | shopping around his project plan. I'd say it would be a
           | challenge for a high-performing 5-person team. He thought it
           | was a job for a single entry-level programmer.
           | 
           | 1 https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2000/08/09/the-joel-
           | test-12-s...
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | If you don't have a PhD, don't touch academic jobs with a
             | 10 foot pole. They all got one, and they value the
             | credential to a ridiculous degree.
             | 
             | When I last worked with academia, they essentially thought
             | of me as the same as the guy who maintains the lab
             | equipment, not an actual collaborator on their research.
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | The academic elitism doesn't end at PhD. A friend asked a
               | Nobel prize winner their thoughts of different person who
               | was recently awarded a Nobel prize in the same field.
               | Their response "Ah, yes that was one of the lesser
               | Nobels"
        
           | chitowneats wrote:
           | Ever since the pandemic, many software engineers have become
           | exactly the type of "I've got mine, Jack" people they
           | typically deride.
        
             | jwilber wrote:
             | Or, and hear me out here for a second, people go where
             | they're most valued. Why would someone volunteer to go work
             | somewhere where they'll get less money, have less
             | flexibility, be treated as second-class employees, have
             | less work perks, etc. when so many alternatives exist?
             | Doubly so in this economy.
             | 
             | Maybe genetic companies should catch up in workplace
             | etiquette instead of recommending that SWE's lower their
             | expectations.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | > be treated as second-class employees
               | 
               | The pay isn't all that important to me, as long as I can
               | live on it, but this. It was so obvious when I was
               | working in academia that because I wasn't myself an
               | academic that I was just lab help, no better than the
               | person who washes the test tubes and beakers.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | I don't quite understand this post. In my experience lab
               | technicians in academia are highly valued (however I
               | mostly have experience with clean room staff), however
               | they are support for the researchers, who drive the
               | research agenda (well actually it's the funding
               | primarily). What exactly do you expect to not be what you
               | call "a second class citizen"?
        
               | rleigh wrote:
               | Are you really, really serious?
               | 
               | Academia is a hugely elitist pyramid with well-demarcated
               | layers, and the lab technicians are at the very lowest
               | level of the pecking order, down with the cleaning staff.
               | 
               | They might be "needed", but by and large are they really
               | "well respected" or "valued"? Not really, sad to say.
        
               | clmcleod wrote:
               | I agree. With that said, I do think we are getting there.
               | The pay is becoming more comparable, and I think software
               | engineers are becoming more and more valued in these
               | companies/organizations.
        
               | zach_garwood wrote:
               | Haha, thanks! This is much kinder than my response was
               | going to be.
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | At least one of the entities on that list is a nonprofit
               | academic institution. Expecting pay equal to the standard
               | software industry is misguided.
               | 
               | Whether or not that's a tradeoff you're willing to make
               | is another question.
        
               | zach_garwood wrote:
               | And three of them are FAANG. They could certainly afford
               | it.
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | And they pay their standard rates.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | If you go to academia, you're certainly are not going for
               | the money.
               | 
               | People can work for less if they are visibly valued, or
               | where they are doing some heroic stuff that appeals to
               | them personally.
               | 
               | People can for some time withstand being treated as
               | second class, being overworked, etc, if they are paid a
               | lot.
               | 
               | But if it's neither, why would anyone bother?
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | > But if it's neither, why would anyone bother?
               | 
               | Because they find it rewarding in some other way? I agree
               | that that way is not the conventional wisdom, but it
               | exists, it turns out that some people value doing things
               | that provide a demonstrable benefit to humanity.
               | 
               | Also he second class citizen thing has diminished over
               | the years. It still exists but there are plenty of
               | companies where that's no longer true. This is in stark
               | contrast to when the field was getting off the ground,
               | for instance it wasn't uncommon for benefits like PTO to
               | be tied to your degree level & not length of employment.
        
               | tikhonj wrote:
               | The problem is that it _isn 't_ just about pay, it's
               | about _everything_ : autonomy, flexibility, culture, work
               | quality, respect... If an organization can reliably
               | convince--show, not tell--that it will be a much better
               | place to work overall, I'm certain they can hire highly
               | skilled engineers even if they can't compete on pay.
               | 
               | My experience is that most non-tech organizations can't
               | or won't.
        
           | zachthewf wrote:
           | How's the startup ecosystem?
        
           | cjbgkagh wrote:
           | I charge a high rate not because I need the money but because
           | I need to stop people from wasting my time. I've worked at
           | these places before where they exploit your altruism and
           | dedication to craft to extract more work out of you for less.
           | Concretely one of the places refused to hire a frontend dev
           | to help so I got stuck wasting time churning frontends.
           | Charging more encourages them not to do that.
        
             | fnbr wrote:
             | Yeah. It's one thing if the only way the job is worse is in
             | pay, it my experience has been that if the pay is
             | significantly worse, the job is worse off in every way.
        
           | RangerScience wrote:
           | I think what I'd ask is:
           | 
           | Will I be allowed to fix the parts that result in
           | 
           | > an organization that respects my craft so little
           | 
           | Like, it's one thing if they haven't - that can be fine, it's
           | just more work. It's an entirely different thing if they _won
           | 't_.
        
             | clmcleod wrote:
             | I think the honest answer is, it depends where you work.
             | Where I work, we have that autonomy. But we also have
             | leadership that understands and respects the software
             | engineering craft.
        
         | psadri wrote:
         | This reads a bit like "what can this place do for me?" instead
         | of "how can I make the place I work at better".
         | 
         | High potential areas like genomics that are behind on software
         | are amazing places for talented software people with a givig
         | attitude to have a big positive impact.
        
           | zach_garwood wrote:
           | I can have a big positive impact and make the startups I tend
           | to work for better places AND get paid well and be respected.
           | It seems the "potential" here is a result of a lack of care
           | and maintenance for legacy codebases, and not, say, driving
           | innovation.
        
         | jghn wrote:
         | In general salaries would be lower than what you can get in a
         | standard software role. Some of the ones on that list allow
         | remote work, others are more limited. The tradeoff is that
         | you're working towards the betterment of humanity. Whether or
         | not that's worth the tradeoff for you is a personal decision.
        
           | rleigh wrote:
           | > you're working towards the betterment of humanity
           | 
           | If only this was actually true.
           | 
           | In reality, you're being taken advantage of and it's very
           | manipulative and deceptive to make this claim.
        
             | jghn wrote:
             | Agree that not everyone will buy this. But it is why many
             | people are working in positions that are otherwise worse on
             | paper. It's up to them to decide if its real or not.
        
           | bloqs wrote:
           | "How high are you on trait agreeableness"
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Simon_O_Rourke wrote:
         | > If I can get a better salary and working conditions at some
         | crappy no-name startup, why would I choose to work at an
         | organization that respects my craft so little they haven't
         | bothered to maintain their software for a decade?
         | 
         | Amen, couldn't have said it better myself. I'm sure it's very
         | worthy and all working on a genomics project that aims to
         | eradicate some killer disease, but you need to live and provide
         | for your family while you're doing it.
        
       | rafiki6 wrote:
       | It seems to me like we'd probably be better off partnering with
       | domain experts in Genomics who want to build software that can be
       | used across the board. Sounds like an interesting opportunity for
       | a business. I'm open to the idea if anyone wants to chat, let me
       | know. I'm SWE but would want to partner with a Genomics Expert.
        
       | lebovic wrote:
       | I'm a software engineer who works on genomics. I see a lot of
       | negativity in this thread, which mirrors my experience: in most
       | places, you'll be paid like a researcher with the respect of a
       | lab assistant - unless you have a PhD and a postdoc.
       | 
       | That said, it's possible find work that's respected and pays
       | well. Most of that kind of work is happening in the context of
       | startups or freelancing. My favorite example of this is Robert
       | Edgar: he's a freelance computational biologist with over 100k
       | citations who has made a living for the past 20 years by selling
       | licenses to his bioinformatics software
       | (https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RzVMRc0AAAAJ).
       | 
       | To find those kinds of jobs, I'd try YC's Work at a Startup,
       | Flagship Pioneering's portfolio companies, and emailing founders
       | of companies that have a bioinformatics component (my email is in
       | my profile!).
       | 
       | I think the issues with the field are because it's a new and
       | growing space. We do need better tooling, respect for
       | engineering, and established best practices, but that seems to
       | have been the case in the past for other domains that moved from
       | research to industry - including software engineering itself.
        
         | ninala wrote:
         | If you want to find good jobs like this, you should check out
         | the monthly HN "Who is hiring" threads. There aren't that many
         | biotechs, but there are a few (like ours). I agree about the
         | need for better tooling. There's also a need for a stronger
         | conceptual understanding of cell biology generally, and an
         | ability to build an ecosystem of APIs that work well together.
         | My email is in my profile if you'd like to talk more about this
         | space.
        
       | samtho wrote:
       | I've had a growing interest in the power of DNA and what the data
       | can be used for since discovering no less than 3 family secrets
       | (one of which pertaining to me) after taking an Ancestry DNA
       | test. Did I know I was going to find 18 half siblings the moment
       | my results came in? Nope, but yet there they are, listed in order
       | of most shared DNA.
       | 
       | Despite my interest, I've found that landing a job in this field
       | at my desired compensation level is very difficult especially if
       | you not have the "correct" academic background. Who does a double
       | degree for computer science and forensic genealogy? I'm sure some
       | people but for $75k/yr you'd think the companies need to at least
       | adjust their expectations.
        
         | foooobaba wrote:
         | Yeah, I agree, I looked into this before, and the pay doesn't
         | come close to other swe jobs, as far as I have seen whenever I
         | look. It is usually like 2x less, it's hard to want to choose
         | that just to work on something a bit more interesting. I even
         | have a background in bioinformatics, but I never found anything
         | that compensates it as much as pure swe roles.
        
         | the_only_law wrote:
         | Yeah the low pay is one thing, but in my experience a lot of
         | the academic jobs seem to want a domain scientist who can do
         | programming, not the other way around.
        
           | ninala wrote:
           | Not always true - but finding a very good programmer who
           | knows the domain well enough to make a significant impact is
           | challenging.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | captainoats wrote:
       | If you're interested in genomics I'd recommend working for a
       | commercial entity in clinical/translational genomics side rather
       | than in academia. I have worked for a few of the big names in the
       | space and although they had their problems the work was very
       | rewarding as you're closer to the patient impact.
        
       | whatever1 wrote:
       | These should be separate in academia.
       | 
       | SWEs cannot write code that maps equations that may change daily
       | completely due to modeling / assumptions change.
       | 
       | Too much focus on modularizing, premature optimization, useless
       | unit testing etc. Who cares about all these if the underlying
       | model is wrong?
       | 
       | If things are stable enough to go into production then the code
       | should leave academia and be re-written properly by SWEs, not by
       | clueless bio phds.
        
         | sargstuff wrote:
         | Umm..... software weather modeling systems map equations that
         | may change daily completely due to modeling / assumptions
         | change.
        
       | cuttothechase wrote:
       | I've been a software engineer in this space. I just want to say
       | that there is exactly 1 job (non-intern) job between Microsoft,
       | Google and Amazon listed according to the search links provided
       | in the article.
        
         | rhn_mk1 wrote:
         | What is the significance of that observation?
        
       | theGnuMe wrote:
       | Couple of things I know.
       | 
       | Bioinformaticians come in two flavors. Those that studied biology
       | and then took up coding and then the even rarer computer
       | scientists who learned biology. The latter are so rare that they
       | are almost all professors or founders or work at Deep Mind etc...
       | Then, there are the biomedical engineers, etc...
       | 
       | The computer scientists will go off a solve protein folding when
       | the bioinformaticians and chemists worked on it for years.. I am
       | exaggerating a little here, I imagine there were plenty of
       | bioinformaticians on the Alpha Fold team, but the fundamental
       | breakthrough was DNNs.
        
         | sargstuff wrote:
         | biologist / chemist will take the architecture studio approach,
         | then develop math to shorten the write-up.
         | 
         | research software engineer will develop the mathematics to
         | describe things, then use the numerical system to write
         | software to determine things.
        
       | babuloseo wrote:
       | I want to study Bioinformatics at McGill for a Masters or Grad
       | school. I was doing some cheminformatics related work and
       | basically was working along Bio students and grad students
       | literally before the pandemic hit. Heck, even Boston University
       | would be a good fit for me because I was helping students at
       | hackathons build their solutions or mentoring them right before
       | the pandemic hit for AstraZenacs challenge, and the team I was
       | helping out created a hardware prototype that would give you your
       | daily meds (great for seniors that forget to take pills or what).
       | But honestly I feel like there is a lot of gatekeeping in this
       | community, I would have to spend approximately 7 years before I
       | could get taken seriously in this domain. In that 7 years you can
       | do a lot of other meaningful work than being stuck in grad
       | school. I dunno.
        
       | aWidebrant wrote:
       | "From my experience, what works incredibly well is a partnership
       | between biologists and software engineers: the biologists first
       | come up with the first concept of the tool, which is purely
       | focused on ensuring good results. After this first iteration is
       | completed, engineers then come in and rewrite the tool using
       | modern engineering practices with things like speed and
       | reliability in mind."
       | 
       | Like others have pointed out, this really makes the engineer's
       | end of the bargain sound like janitorial work. There's no lack of
       | fields where researchers and engineers both sit at the table from
       | the beginning to pick which projects to pursue and how to
       | implement them.
        
         | kzuberi wrote:
         | > this really makes the engineer's end of the bargain sound
         | like janitorial work
         | 
         | I don't think you should interpret it that way. Another take
         | would be that its like collaborating with a domain expert
         | outside your specialization.
         | 
         | Important is that your potential impact as an engineer can grow
         | as you become more knowledgeable in the relevant bio. Most of
         | the scientists I've worked with were happy to teach background
         | (and some were just exceptional, fun times if you also found
         | the field interesting as I did!). Obviously some allowance must
         | be made for differences in culture from org to org, and that
         | likely accounts to some of the disappointed voices - but I'm
         | not convinced this is endemic to the field as opposed to
         | organization specific. Just like with an opportunity with any
         | particular company, do your research.
         | 
         | Incidentally, working on a well defined
         | engineering+optimization problem, if you are lucky enough to
         | bump into one, is just candy for lots of engineering types. Ok
         | quick & simple one: a scientist I worked with was doing some
         | analysis that involved intersecting piles of genomic intervals
         | with each other, which was taking many hours for a single run -
         | super painful to tweak and re-execute. Our team showed them how
         | to use interval-trees and made these available integrated in
         | our internal tools, and the problem transformed into ~10 min
         | execution runs. See, a wee a bit of comp-sci where suddenly
         | you're the domain expert. And appropriately appreciated!
        
         | sseagull wrote:
         | I'm more familiar with chemistry, but a lot of times the
         | scientist is the one who needs to make the first iteration to
         | prove their idea. It's often the case you really don't
         | understand the problem until you actually program/run the idea
         | in at least a quick and dirty way.
         | 
         | But the role of the software engineer after that is invaluable
         | in making that idea accessible and reproducible.
        
         | clmcleod wrote:
         | Yeah I think this is fair enough after reading it back.
         | However, that was not exactly my intention here, and I think
         | this is a case of me needing to be more careful in my wording.
         | 
         | When I said that software engineers add in the speed and
         | reliability, I didn't mean they _only_ add in the speed and
         | reliability: just that these two tenants of good software
         | engineering where accounted for in this "correct" way of doing
         | things (as opposed to the state of most genomics software that
         | I described above).
         | 
         | However, I can see how my phrasing can give the wrong
         | impression about the contributions an engineer makes when the
         | biologist and engineer sit down to do create the real thing
         | together. In a positive environment, both sides (biologists and
         | software engineers) share enough information with one another
         | that the either can make contributions to the
         | scientific/software engineering domain.
        
           | sargstuff wrote:
           | software engineer provides/developes the appropriate level of
           | abstraction for the non-software engineer to make use of.
           | 
           | Which if there's no standard for field, and working outside
           | of a given field, makes writing grant(s) without paring up
           | with someone who can develop field standards to be included
           | in grant necessary. Hard to find/compete for scarce
           | applicants using limited resources.
           | 
           | aka startups vs. big company funding for pure research lab
           | (bell labs, xero parc, etc)
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | moron4hire wrote:
       | This is tangentially related to what I'm currently doing.
       | 
       | I basically work in EdTech. The company is not an EdTech company,
       | it's a education services company. I was hired on to develop
       | software that we couldn't find in the market[0].
       | 
       | I'm the process of building this _thing_ , we've been attending
       | and speaking at conferences in our industry. And I'm seeing a lot
       | of the same stories: academia is trying to do research, the
       | research fundamentally requires software to make the research
       | happen, the quality of the software can have a huge impact on
       | results, but because software development is tangential to the
       | research goals, there's little to no allocation to software
       | developers. This leaves the researches to cobble together a
       | solution that maybe kinda fulfills their need, not corky, and
       | certainly not perpetually (a lot of reliance on trial software
       | and services).
       | 
       | We would love to offer our software to researchers in our field.
       | We've gotten feedback from several that what we are building is
       | exactly the sort of thing they need. But they have _no_ money,
       | and even if we were in a position to give it away for free, we
       | can 't even make those connections come to fruition.
       | 
       | So I don't know what to do. I really am thinking of starting to
       | give it away for free, because at least we'd benefit from more
       | research results in our field pricing the efficacy of our
       | approach. But that's a really slow burn.
       | 
       | [0] Specifics don't matter, but if you're curious, I make a VR
       | environment for foreign language training emphasizing culture.
        
       | mshockwave wrote:
       | Is there any open source projects on genomics that I can start
       | looking into as a hobby rather than jumping right into a full
       | time position in this field?
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | When considering software roles in science organizations, forget
       | assumptions you might make about a typical tech job, joining a
       | bunch of other software and hardware people -- or you'll risk
       | accidentally ending up on the other side of a distorted status
       | system (not the side that normally pampers techbros).
       | 
       | You need to feel out the particular person you'll be reporting to
       | on how well they personally _respect_ and understand the role,
       | and also whether they 'll have clout/funding and have your back
       | if the org turns out to be rough (think AMZN). And also try to
       | feel out respect within the organization, and some of the
       | people/teams with whom you'll be collaborating.
       | 
       | You also need to check _compensation_ , so you don't wind up a
       | low-paid person who later discovers they're competing for local
       | house offers with others in the org who are getting big-bucks TC
       | (plus consulting on the side).
       | 
       | You also probably have to be OK with _never being the star_ (like
       | you hypothetically could someday be in a software company).
       | Supporting actors should still get respect and get paid.
       | 
       | Find the right science situation, and you might have much more
       | positive impact on the world than you could have in a software
       | company, _while also being happy and comfortable_.
       | 
       | Some more quick of-the-cuff comments about this (sorry for run-
       | ons, but I need to get back to my weekend)...
       | 
       | * RESPECT -- Whether or not the organization is university-
       | affiliated, a lot of the researchers and administrators might
       | have only worked in academia-like environments before. Academia
       | is very hierarchical, software engineering might be considered
       | commodity technician or support staff, and the high-status people
       | almost certainly don't understand your discipline, though they
       | might think they do. (They often think software is relatively
       | easy grunt work, and that software people just have oversized
       | egos, which has some truth to it, but not that much.)
       | 
       | (Some real-life instances of this I've heard of include: someone
       | with no understanding overriding software engineering technical
       | decisions, because a colleague from their academic caste made an
       | offhand comment, and they assume an academic who hasn't even
       | looked at the system knows more than an experienced practitioner
       | developing it; not wanting to include people who made key
       | software contributions as coauthor on a paper for a software
       | system, but making sure professors who had near-zero involvement
       | were included; scientists openly speaking of the software people
       | as having commodity interchangeable skillsets, in way they'd
       | never speak about peers in their domain; getting an unsalvageable
       | monstrosity of pasted-together incompatible frameworks and Stack
       | Overflow posts done by a summer intern, dumped on software
       | engineer to "clean up" or "extend", and being unable to convince
       | that this is orders of magnitude harder to fix than to just make
       | a viable system in the same time the intern took; in an academic
       | environment, a grad student being higher status than key software
       | people, and bossing them around with bad decisions, while
       | treating their own obligations like homework they were trying to
       | sneak past a grader rather than as a system that has to actually
       | work.)
       | 
       | * COMPENSATION -- Related to the above. If you're very
       | experienced and marketable in tech, and would be making key
       | enabling contributions, are you getting paid like it?
       | 
       | (The most recent life sciences software engineering opportunity I
       | talked with, with a high-profile organization, they needed FAANG-
       | like Staff/Principal experience in multiple areas, all-in-one
       | person, for key bespoke computational infrastructure on which a
       | lot was riding. When we got to salary, it was capped at less than
       | a new grads were getting offered elsewhere, and despite being in
       | a top HCOLA city. The recruiter half-heartedly argued about it
       | being for the science, etc. I said, if they're thinking of this
       | as an academic non-profit, that would be OK, so long as everyone
       | there is making this level of money. But that wasn't the case:
       | the science domain people were considered the valuable assets,
       | making good money, and software was seen as more a commodity
       | support skill by whomever set the pay grade. Maybe within a
       | decade that will agree with the market, everyone will decide that
       | someone who can learn organic chemistry should get paid more than
       | someone who doesn't seem to do much more than fingerpaint in a
       | Web framework builder and type nonsense in Jira, :) and maybe
       | then most software people will be thankful for any job at all,
       | but not yet.)
       | 
       | (I did actually look at a science company with a strong software
       | tech company influence. But, though they claimed to be rethinking
       | how the tech company did things, they seemed to carbon-copy the
       | single most obvious bad side of that company. Talking with
       | colleagues after I withdrew my application, the gossip was that
       | they were getting lots of software people who'd burnt out on the
       | tech company. So I guess maybe the rethinking was on what had
       | been bothering those people, who were already at the tech
       | company, and so who weren't entirely representative of the talent
       | pool that included people for whom the tech company had
       | showstoppers.)
        
         | _dain_ wrote:
         | your parenthetical paragraphs are bigger than your paragraph
         | paragraphs
        
       | asciimov wrote:
       | Not quite a decade ago, I took some work for a lab to replace
       | some aging software (circa 1990) used to do peptide synthesis.
       | 
       | It was an enlightening experience. While I was the programming
       | expert with a CS degree, I wasn't trusted for anything, because I
       | wasn't a PhD or had a background in bioinformatics. However, I
       | did get to work with lots of smart people, fixed and improved the
       | code and processes that the Phd level statisticians and
       | bioinformaticians used.
       | 
       | It is a real joy to work in hard science, with brilliant people
       | who love their work. I learned a ton and gained a healthy respect
       | for the people that do this kind of work.
       | 
       | However, the downsides are pretty bad. Pay and compensation is
       | awful. Most people, myself included, could have made as good if
       | not better pay waiting tables. There end up being different
       | levels of people Administrators, Private investigators, and lab
       | workers (peons). Unless you are an admin or a high level PI
       | you're not gonna be getting much money.
       | 
       | Everybody lives and dies by the grant. If funding dries up, you
       | will be out of a job.
       | 
       | Ethics. Us CS people are woefully under educated on ethics. You
       | will find yourself asking why we can simply do something, often
       | the answer will be ethics.
       | 
       | Regulations, like ethics, you will have to bend to regulations.
       | It's not a bad thing, just a different thing.
       | 
       | Unless you find yourself in a admin role, you will just be
       | another lab peon. Its not a a bad place to be, but you will never
       | be at the top of the totempole.
       | 
       | Loads and loads of ego. You will work with very smart and
       | sometimes unreasonable people. Learning to navigate this with
       | tact is important.
        
       | aaauaucuggaa wrote:
       | I will add Mammoth Biosciences to the list. We are looking for
       | Software Engineers, Data Engineers, Data Scientists and more.
       | 
       | https://mammoth.bio/careers/
        
       | astatine wrote:
       | I keep thinking of this space but don't know where to start. Any
       | pointers for good resources? - books that are accessible to
       | software engineers with no background in genomics, open source
       | projects which are widely used, etc.... in short a good place to
       | start in exploratory/hobby/learning mode.
        
       | dottedmag wrote:
       | This field does not _need_ software engineers.
       | 
       | This field needs marketing, product and project managers (for-
       | profit or non-profit variety) that could figure out:
       | 
       | 1. what product to build to have the biggest impact
       | 
       | 2. how to build it.
       | 
       | Once 1. and 2. is clear it will be equally clear that if you have
       | a bunch of scientists you won't get a great product, as nobody
       | will build the product, everyone will build a prototype.
       | 
       | So then it will follow that the project needs to hire (=attract)
       | software engineers to be in charge of software, and attracting
       | software engineers means giving them competitive compensation.
        
       | the_jeremy wrote:
       | > Often, it's not required to know the domain before you join a
       | group, and they will teach you on the job.
       | 
       | I looked. There are zero full-time, remote roles that don't
       | require previous genomics experience at any of the companies
       | listed.
        
         | clmcleod wrote:
         | I know there are at least a few, because positions on my team
         | offer remote and don't require and previous genomics
         | experience.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | Perhaps you and the GP could compare notes about where they
           | searched and where you advertise.
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | Science programming jobs suck. You get all the bad parts of
       | academia, including less money, plus you're seen as a janitor
       | rather than an engineer, and you get to deal with scientists all
       | day.
       | 
       | Tooling roles in SWE in every other field are highly regarded.
       | Why not here?
        
         | sargstuff wrote:
         | Well, math / computational power for simple, static protein
         | modeling is horendus.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | Because it's not what sells. It's literally a tool, and if you
         | don't deliver the level of perfection they're used to get from
         | sequencing, NMR or assay testing machines, you're the PITA. You
         | really have to bring something very interesting to the table to
         | earn some status, and software engineering just doesn't. It's
         | too far from the core business. Think of the attitude SWEs have
         | towards sales people...
        
           | firstplacelast wrote:
           | The thing is many will pay big bucks to
           | contractors/consultants/IT services/LIMS systems, but if
           | you're an employee, nope.
           | 
           | They have a hard time having someone with a BS or MS making
           | 50-75k more than a freshly-minted PhD.
           | 
           | I just left a job in pharma because I cannot do it anymore
           | (salary being a big one, but my experiences reflect many in
           | this thread).
           | 
           | They spent 500k on a consulting company to build a few NGS
           | processing pipelines. This was built using a framework I was
           | unfamiliar with. I re-factored one of them and was able to
           | increase runtime by 60% in a couple weeks. I was paid in the
           | low 100's.
           | 
           | They would rather contract out the high-paid work and pay
           | orders of magnitude more for it.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | it depends. I've been in science support roles where people are
         | genuinely grateful for the help, and its _really_ interesting
         | to get to peek in on people's research.
         | 
         | it depends on the role. it worked out really well for me when I
         | got to drop in and do piece work on lots of projects in
         | different fields. working on a larger software development
         | project can be really painful and demoralizing because the
         | people running it don't really understand how the sausage gets
         | made.
        
       | whimsicalism wrote:
       | Call me when non-tech fields learn to treat engineers as equal
       | partners rather than disposable labor.
       | 
       | Academia? Yeah they're going to be one of the last to realize,
       | PIs don't want to cede any power in their little fiefdom. Very
       | familiar with the dynamics there.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | sargstuff wrote:
         | Scope of PI interest / funding defined by research grant.
         | 
         | So, unless research is ground breaking / exploritory across
         | disciplines, supporting disciplines tend to be extremely
         | limited by PI research interest.
         | 
         | aka (wording sanitized a bit) tends to come across as being
         | tight wad / ham fisted
        
           | sargstuff wrote:
           | side note: Biological sciences tend to have way to many
           | applicants for available positions. Typically not enough
           | software engineers for available positions.
           | 
           | Treating a position with limited available applicants as if
           | there were to many available applicants is always a receipt
           | for issues.
        
       | JZL003 wrote:
       | I work at the broad institute and it's a pretty cool place, can
       | be long hours but they're investing heavily in software and the
       | like. Can be a nice intermediate between research and
       | applications
        
         | zach_garwood wrote:
         | You're not exactly selling it...
        
       | foobiekr wrote:
       | My first job offer out of college for compsci was for a genomics
       | research company that desperately needed software engineers. At
       | the time they were storing sequences as ATGC strings in an oracle
       | database using perl scripts. It was really below even
       | undergraduate-level basic stuff.
       | 
       | The offer was $38k a year. About two days later, I got my second
       | offer, $50k from a game company, and then a real offer, $60k,
       | which I took. This was in the late 1990s.
       | 
       | That was 20+ years ago, of course, but I sort of wonder if things
       | have changed. I frankly think a lot of SWE work for fundamentally
       | evil, socially destructive companies, and I honestly don't think
       | you have to to earn a good living, but you also don't have to
       | work for companies that deliriously underpay you.
        
       | JaDogg wrote:
       | From what is said in the article and comments, this may be a good
       | place to be if you are bootstrapping your own company.
        
       | uvesten wrote:
       | Anecdata, but I did a master's in bioinformatics a few years ago,
       | and as part of that I spent about a year in a human genomics lab.
       | 
       | I fully agree that the software used is really bad in general,
       | but what is worse is the level of IT literacy among the PhD's and
       | post-docs from the biology side. (Also statistics, I guess a lot
       | of p-hacking is the result of authors simply being clueless...)
       | 
       | After finishing my thesis, I was offered to stay and work at the
       | lab. After thinking about it, and accepting, I was told that
       | funding wasn't secured yet, but that it should come "any day
       | now"...
       | 
       | Thanks, but no thanks.
       | 
       | Anyway, I fully see the need for professional software engineers
       | in this field, but job security and even job availability (aside
       | from the low salaries) in academia is abysmal, so I don't think
       | the current situation will change any time soon.
        
         | rafiki6 wrote:
         | Honestly, I think people like you are the right kind of people
         | to start private enterprises and bring along professional
         | software engineers to help you build something incredible in
         | the space.
        
           | rleigh wrote:
           | There might me an opportunity for a company to enter this
           | space, but then again maybe not.
           | 
           | When everything is a mess of ad hoc Perl, Python and R
           | scripts to solve unique one-off problems, you might well find
           | that there isn't a sufficiently common subset of
           | functionality that people are prepared to pay money for. That
           | is, while the need may be there, the business case may not
           | be. It might be that most of the field are quite content with
           | the status quo.
           | 
           | It's easier and cheaper to get some poorly-trained PhD
           | students to wrangle badly-written and poorly-maintainable
           | scripts than it is to pay a company to provide a robust and
           | well-written solution instead. The "indentured labour" also
           | distorts the supporting ecosystem. [I say this after having
           | done a PhD in biomedical science.]
           | 
           | I remember one of my colleagues asking me to help him getting
           | some special software from a particular group working [for
           | DNA methylation analysis]. They wanted paying $10K for it
           | IIRC. It was a complete mess, wouldn't work, had not
           | documentation, and I didn't trust it was genuinely functional
           | it was just such a state. For a one-off, maybe $10K was worth
           | it, but if you only have 2-3 customers worldwide who will
           | pay, it's not a viable business if the product works
           | perfectly, let alone if it's a fragile disaster that barely
           | works at all.
        
       | baran1 wrote:
       | I started working at a genomics company about a couple of years
       | ago and my experience is very different from the post. Although
       | there might be a handful of bioinformatics tools that are quite
       | old, the ones at the heart of of operations are worked on by
       | teams and reasonably maintained, and although I agree with the
       | headline that there's a lot of work to be done in the area - my
       | perspective is a little different. Although this doesn't apply to
       | all genomics companies, I'm at a company that has a lab, and the
       | software we write makes the lab about 8x more efficient and the
       | next generation of sequencing technology will bring sequencing
       | costs down by about 5x. Meanwhile the science and literature keep
       | pushing further and newer generations of physicians are putting a
       | stronger emphasis on genomic counseling. Thanks in part to the
       | power of viral sequencing data the government is starting to
       | trust laboratories that bring valuable and actionable insights. I
       | think all of those combined with the fact that CRISPR
       | technologies are getting further along puts genomics in a unique
       | position. TLDR; yes genomics is exciting and on the brink of
       | something big, but no it's not a dumpster fire that needs saving.
       | Oh and as a bonus - I get to work with really smart scientists
       | and they are very friendly :)
        
       | sargstuff wrote:
       | From past work experience & funding source priorities,
       | computational genomics usually considered a supporting role as
       | information analyst when needs to be a research software
       | engineer. (unless building software for ct, mri, x-ray scanning
       | process).
       | 
       | aka need to be able to develop the dna / dna number system
       | equivalent of things (aka something other than binary / punch
       | card block based number system) such as:
       | treesitter              nyquest :
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist_(programming_language)
       | slippery chicken :
       | https://ccrma.stanford.edu/workshops/algorithmic-composition-
       | with-slippery-chicken
       | 
       | but wind up doing the equivalent of automated statistical
       | analysis, because focus is NOT to develop software
       | package/system.
       | 
       | short broader subject take, what programming groups dont get
       | about applicative programming vs. algol/block programming
        
       | travisporter wrote:
       | Clicking to highlight text is disabled. https://xkcd.com/1271/
        
         | clmcleod wrote:
         | My fault! I'll fix it when I can. Appreciate the report.
         | 
         | Edit: fixed.
        
         | runnerup wrote:
         | I use "Stop The Madness" extension in Safari. Similar options
         | available for Chrome.
         | 
         | But this shit is so dumb.
        
       | jerjerjer wrote:
       | Hard no.
       | 
       | Initial code would still be developed by SME, who:
       | 
       | - Don't understand most programming abstractions
       | 
       | - Don't see the advantage of a clean codebase
       | 
       | - Would rather go back to their code spaghetti mess, than help
       | figure out why some corner cases behave differently in a fresh
       | codebase
       | 
       | - Would still submit changes to their code spaghetti mess and
       | expect you to apply them to the cleaned codebase
       | 
       | I did what the author suggested (not in genomics, but in a
       | different research-heavy scientific field) for a while and would
       | not recommend it to anyone.
       | 
       | And that's not even taking compensation and work conditions into
       | account.
        
         | Raed667 wrote:
         | I have a friend who works as a "make this mess a product we can
         | show in conferences" engineer in a research center and it is
         | literally what you described.
         | 
         | The only reason he told me for still working there, is that:
         | 
         | 1- the workload is fairly low
         | 
         | 2- he has a lot of autonomy
         | 
         | 3- he shows up every day around noon and leaves at 5PM
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | hrgiger wrote:
         | I understand your point and you are completely right, but on
         | their perspective your experience from multiple aspects of
         | codebase is still valuable contribution and making a difference
         | isnt it.
        
       | wesleywt wrote:
       | The code is bad because transient Phds and Post-docs are writing
       | it. If there was money in it then the best software developer
       | would already be working on it. Sadly there is none.
        
         | zmmmmm wrote:
         | yep ....
         | 
         | One of the borderline fraudulent aspects of the field is the
         | pretense that method publications are real software.
         | 
         | That is, you come up with a break through statistical or
         | algorithmic method, you get it to run exactly once based on
         | whatever random walk of exploratory code got you to a result
         | that looks better than competing/prior methods, and then you
         | dump your workspace into a script and put it on Github and
         | _pretend_ this is something anybody else could or should
         | responsibly use in your Tier 1 publication. The minute the
         | publication is approved there is zero benefit to the authors in
         | maintaining the software, and in fact its better if nobody can
         | run it because that way they can 't disprove your results. Then
         | naturally nobody can get this to work afterwards and 50% of
         | software engineering time and effort is trying to run code that
         | can/never will work outside the context it was created in - but
         | you have to try because this is now the accepted best practice
         | method of doing X or Y based on its publication.
         | 
         | The bigger problem is that this whole cycle actually shapes the
         | view of software engineering by academics to the point where
         | they really do think that most software engineering is a waste
         | of time. A small number of 10x engineers manage to prosper in
         | the environment, but it's mainly because they have the sheer
         | technical capability to deal with ALL of that while still doing
         | something useful, and it actually makes the problem worse
         | because the academics then see that as the baseline for
         | software engineering capability.
        
       | danking00 wrote:
       | I don't have any funding to hire right now, but I'm always happy
       | to chat about the industry and my experience building Hail
       | (https://hail.is, https://github.com/hail-is/hail), a tool widely
       | used by folks with large collections of human sequences.
       | 
       | The other posters are not wrong about compensation. Total
       | compensation is off by a factor of two to three.
       | 
       | However, it is absolutely possible to work with a group of top-
       | notch engineers on serious distributed systems & compilers in
       | service of an excellent scientific-user experience. I know
       | because I do. We are lucky to have a PI who respects and hires a
       | diversity of expertise within his lab.
       | 
       | I enjoy being deeply embedded with our users. I do not have to
       | guess what they need or want because I help them do it every day.
       | 
       | I also enjoy enmeshing engineering with statistics, mathematics,
       | and biology. Work is more interesting when so many disciplines
       | conspire towards the end of improved human health.
        
       | didip wrote:
       | heh, you think scientists automatically understand computing
       | nature?
       | 
       | You'll be the janitor cleaning up their 20k LoC, one file Python
       | with zero abstraction.
       | 
       | If this is already a thing at a FAANG, it will be worse at a pure
       | science shop.
        
         | _Wintermute wrote:
         | You'll be lucky if it's python, most likely thousands of lines
         | of R by someone who doesn't know how to write a function or
         | declare dependencies.
        
           | sargstuff wrote:
           | Ummm... messy python/R sounds lot better than messy numerical
           | analysis in fortran with NO programming standards because has
           | been used/modified for over 50+ years.
           | 
           | Mainly because can find / write software to analyze &
           | reorganize modern languages such as python & R into something
           | human usable/readable.
        
       | skosuri wrote:
       | I am a founder of a startup (Octant - a16z backed) that has a
       | small & growing software engineering and data science team (see
       | the Nov who's hiring post). Some thoughts on some of the
       | discussion here:
       | 
       | 1. Compensation - In academia, you will likely take a big salary
       | hit (much of this is discussed). There are a few exceptions like
       | newer institutes like Chan Zuckerberg, Arc Institute, etc that
       | are paying much more competitive salaries though. In well-backed
       | startups and larger biotech/pharma, cash is likely equal (or
       | often more) to software comps elsewhere - the bigger hit you take
       | is usually in equity - no one has been able to match FAANG on
       | total comp with RSUs in the mix. Startups can provide options,
       | but it's not very fungible. For example, we benchmark salary on
       | comparable A16Z pre-public non-bio companies use as well as stats
       | from the broader SV SWE salary datasets. There are startups in
       | bio that pay even higher to lure talent.
       | 
       | 2. Research vs Product - Over the last decade, there are a bunch
       | of highly profitable tech companies and large funded new startups
       | (e.g., Calico, Altos, Deepmind, etc) trying to take on bio as the
       | next frontier. These places (like those named in the blog post)
       | pay very competitively. Thus far, these places often turn into a
       | big mess because it becomes hard to deliver products (like drugs)
       | in a mostly academic-y atmosphere. I don't think anyone has
       | really cracked this nut yet (or if it's even possible).
       | 
       | 2. Culture of SW importance - In a lot of startups these days,
       | this has changed quite a bit over the last 5 years. Lots of
       | software & data science first startups. I think in the larger
       | pharma/biotech though, the centrality of drug discovery takes a
       | lot more oxygen than software, which are often thought of as
       | innovation bets and different places have different levels of
       | long term commitment.
       | 
       | 3. I think one important difference is the type of company. There
       | are many software companies in healthcare/bio that are software
       | products supporting R&D, healthcare, drug development etc. Many
       | of them have done quite well (e.g., Benchling, Komodo Health etc
       | in A16Z portfolio alone) and are basically just software
       | companies that just happen to be in bio. There are many others
       | like most drug discovery companies (like us) where software and
       | data science is enabling, but the product is often ultimately
       | drugs. For a lot of SWEs, this becomes problematic because people
       | often want the satisfaction of having externally deployed
       | software products to push into the world. The heroes and heroines
       | of this world are often drug hunters over tool developers, and
       | this has cultural consequences as well. Some people are really
       | good with this (getting a lot of satisfaction out of enabling new
       | drugs to treat serious disease), but a lot of folks aren't.
       | 
       | 4. The current biotech crash has been bigger and more sustained
       | than the tech crash thus far. High interest rates impact this
       | industry much more than others, because revenue on new drugs,
       | which drive a large part of the industry usually take a decade or
       | more to develop before revenues are flowing. This is less of an
       | issue in healthtech companies that can often deploy much more
       | quickly (90% of healthcare costs are not drugs).
       | 
       | 5. Finally, there are many happy SWEs and DS in bio at companies
       | that value software and can build good careers in it building
       | products that ultimately help human health in new ways. It's a
       | pretty amazing time in biology, with a suite of new technologies
       | to read, interpret, write, edit, deploy molecules/DNA/cells that
       | are really unlocking many of the mysteries of human diseases. I
       | feel lucky every day we get to continue building in this space.
        
       | thrway2342 wrote:
       | > ADVANCED DEGREE HOLDING SOFTWARE ENGINEERS: consider working on
       | genomics
       | 
       | fixed the title.
        
       | mherdeg wrote:
       | What is the opportunity here -- writing new algorithms,
       | implementing them accurately, optimizing them for special
       | execution architectures, or just building more usable tools?
       | 
       | I remember Manolis Kellis sprinkled some pretty interesting
       | genomic questions into his Algorithm class's problem sets. There
       | were a number of cool problems about optimally aligning strings,
       | searching within text, etc.
       | 
       | This was like 15 years ago and I haven't kept up with the
       | discipline at all. But is there still algorithmic low hanging
       | fruit?
       | 
       | I do keep reading about an ongoing series of problems with
       | Microsoft Excel distorting analysis in the scientific literature
       | (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02211-4) and
       | wondering if the tooling is having trouble..?
        
         | jltsiren wrote:
         | > But is there still algorithmic low hanging fruit?
         | 
         | Algorithmic bioinformatics has become a separate research
         | field, because there are so many low-hanging fruit. Biotech
         | companies create new instruments producing new kinds of data,
         | researchers find new uses for the data, and new algorithmic
         | problems emerge all the time. There is also a steady migration
         | of people from theoretical computer science to bioinformatics,
         | because it's often easier to get research funding for something
         | bioinformatics-related than for pure CS.
        
         | boldlybold wrote:
         | We're only starting to see the age of genomics accelerated by
         | GPUs. I think it's still early if you have the technical
         | background.
        
           | 331c8c71 wrote:
           | Edico developed FPGA-based processing solution for common
           | bioinformatics processing tasks (e.g. dna/rna mapping,
           | variant calling) and the company was bought by Illumina.
           | 
           | The product (Dragen) has been around for a few years and now
           | will be integrated in the new generation of sequencers.
           | Extremely impressive technology and a better fit for the
           | niche compared to GPU-based solutions I have seen. More
           | downstream processing and analytics is sometimes closer to
           | traditional ML and naturally there are lots of GPU-based
           | algos.
        
             | boldlybold wrote:
             | I'm more excited about NVIDIA's acquisition of Parabricks
             | and the version 4.0 of the software that makes it free to
             | use, than I am about DRAGEN. At the very least it's good to
             | have some competition in the space, Illumina's stuff is
             | always SO expensive. We'll have to see what hardware will
             | win in the end.
        
         | 331c8c71 wrote:
         | > But is there still algorithmic low hanging fruit?
         | 
         | I would say no unless looking at the frontiers of what is done
         | in the wet lab which might require new analytical tools. But
         | this stuff is probably much easier for and much better aligned
         | with someone doing CS in academia.
         | 
         | My impression that there is quite some space for ML-based
         | approaches including DL. But even there I would not call it
         | low-hanging.
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | Usually, scientific oriented companies or organizations have
       | little regard for software as a domain, craft, etc. It's just a
       | thing that gets in the way, despite being vital. It's almost just
       | a utility to them rather than a differentiator and active
       | component of the advanced work going on.
       | 
       | For example, the Broad Institute is super interesting, but having
       | applied there several times, they are esoteric, to say the least,
       | in their hiring. They pay well below market, and their process is
       | opaque and slow and sometimes downright non-communicative. They
       | are also not really open to remote work, so you gotta move there
       | and commute to the heart of Cambridge. Budgets are set by folks
       | maybe a couple years out of a PhD program, who will also make
       | technical decisions in terms of the software design (the latter
       | an assumption given my experience in similar places).
       | 
       | These organizations are also pretty traditional in their
       | selection of stacks. Good luck trying to use a functional-first
       | language, aside from _maybe_ Scala (usually lots of Java stacks),
       | and be prepared to write lots of Python, the only language that
       | exists to many scientists. I once saw a Python signature
       | (function name and arguments) spill over 10-20 lines, in a file
       | over 10,000 lines long. They had given up on another software
       | stack because "it wasn't working for them".
       | 
       | This is all painting with broad strokes, of course. But I think
       | scientific organizations that would embrace software as a major
       | component of their technological and scientific development would
       | do well. There's a lot of opportunity.
        
         | laidoffamazon wrote:
         | I live next to Broad's offices and see people leaving/entering
         | the office at odd hours on Saturday and Sunday. That (and the
         | fact that they pay about 75% what I made as a new grad)
         | prevented me from ever applying there.
        
           | geoffjentry wrote:
           | Keep in mind that there are wetlabs with experiments being
           | conducted in them. Lab techs will be coming and going at all
           | hours.
        
         | aednichols wrote:
         | Current Broad SWE with 5 years' tenure. Feel free to ask any
         | questions.
         | 
         | I'm in the "bunch of software people together" department so
         | it's not as insular or PI driven as working in a lab.
         | 
         | I still mostly like the role but it has become more generic
         | over the years as the department acquiesced to the working ways
         | & programming languages of outside private funders.
        
         | hobofan wrote:
         | > Good luck trying to use a functional-first language
         | 
         | Good luck trying to use a functional-first language at any
         | company (be in bioinformatics or otherwise).
        
         | geoffjentry wrote:
         | > Good luck trying to use a functional-first language, aside
         | from maybe Scala
         | 
         | While they've moved away from it in the last few years, the
         | Broad Institute had a huge investment in Scala. It's been in
         | use there since at least 2010 and I believe longer. The primary
         | software department was almost entirely Scala based for several
         | years. That same department had pockets of Clojure as well.
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | > _I once saw a Python signature (function name and arguments)
         | spill over 10-20 lines,_
         | 
         | Quote I liked (can't find attribution; maybe Alan Perlis?):
         | 
         | "If your function has 10 arguments, you're missing some."
        
         | enraged_camel wrote:
         | Yeah, I'd love to work in scientific computing and write
         | Elixir, but it seems non-existent.
        
       | faizshah wrote:
       | This is very true and I loved working with bioinformaticians but
       | the pay is so much lower than a normal SWE role which is why SWEs
       | will pick tech over genomics companies.
        
       | tdullien wrote:
       | So if one was financially independent and wished to write
       | something open-source in that field, where would the highest
       | impact be?
        
         | jdeaton wrote:
         | Invent a new file format (or a few) for storing genomics data.
         | They're all the rage in the bioinformatics field. Make sure not
         | to document its semantics so that its implementation is the
         | only spec.
        
           | tejtm wrote:
           | Ahh a "reference implementation" connoisseur
        
       | raphaeljlt wrote:
       | Quick plug here for Atomic AI ( https://atomic.ai/ ,
       | https://boards.greenhouse.io/atomai ), which could be added to
       | the list. We value and respect (and pay) our engineers--I myself
       | trained as a SWE and worked at FAANG.
       | 
       | Shoot me a message at raphael@atomic.ai if you want to learn
       | more.
        
         | aschleck wrote:
         | (chiming in here as a founding engineer at Atomic)
         | 
         | So I spent more than 8 years as a SWE at Google, and now work
         | here with both experimental biologists and machine learning
         | scientists. And yes, a lot of the concerns mentioned in this
         | thread are also things I have had anxiety about.
         | 
         | Most obvious to me, being a software engineer at Google felt
         | like being the center of the universe. Coming here, the focus
         | is the scientific research. And yes, the scientists all managed
         | to complete their PhDs so they don't necessarily need me to
         | unblock them every second of their day. But contrary to my
         | expectations, this has been remarkably freeing. I think one
         | particularly important part of our company that makes this work
         | is that, even on the science side, we're multidisciplinary (at
         | a high level, emphasizing both experimental biology and ML.)
         | And so engineering feeling like another arm of that multi-
         | discipline nature is fairly... natural.
         | 
         | The reason I feel it's freeing, and the reason I enjoy working
         | here, is also the greatest challenge. Because the scientists
         | are focused on the science, because they respect me and trust
         | me to figure it out, and because they aren't constantly blocked
         | by me, my job is mostly about dreaming extremely expansively
         | about what I can do to reduce toil and make the scientists more
         | productive. Of course they have feedback and input, but how I
         | use my time and what I build is ultimately my decision because
         | I am the engineer. And I have been able to do some things I am
         | very proud of, like rolling out Bazel and Kubernetes and
         | finding ways to seamlessly bring them into the cloud (we're
         | even multi-cloud now without them even noticing!) On the other
         | hand, it's very challenging because when you work on a product,
         | say Google Photos, as a SWE, you always have some direct tether
         | to the product ("what should we build next? ahhhh, well I guess
         | we could just embed stable difficusion and a million people
         | would immediately play with it".) At Atomic, my tether is very
         | ambiguous. If I do my job successfully, they'll be able to do
         | research more quickly (? effectively?), and eventually we'll be
         | able to produce a therapeutic that hopefully changes the world.
         | Identifying what I can do today to speed up that far outcome in
         | the future is very challenging, but it is a far more
         | interesting challenge than gluing some pre-existing software
         | into my UI or running A/B tests to turn a red button blue.
         | 
         | If, like me, you enjoy being given ownership over incredibly
         | ambiguous problems, please do reach out!
         | 
         | This role focuses on directly partnering with the biologists:
         | https://boards.greenhouse.io/atomai/jobs/4726839004
         | 
         | This role is expansive cloud infra:
         | https://boards.greenhouse.io/atomai/jobs/4531035004
         | 
         | And this role is directly partnering with the ML scientists:
         | https://boards.greenhouse.io/atomai/jobs/4191285004
        
       | ericb wrote:
       | What would I need to get started on an open source genomics
       | program?
       | 
       | Where do they live? What do they do?
       | 
       | Like, do you need a genome interpreter? Does one exist? Are there
       | any open source products used by the field currently? I know the
       | names of the programs and items I'd look at to get started in AI,
       | for example. But for genomics, it's a total mystery.
        
       | hobofan wrote:
       | > the biologists first come up with the first concept of the
       | tool, which is purely focused on ensuring good results. After
       | this first iteration is completed, engineers then come in and
       | rewrite the tool using modern engineering practices with things
       | like speed and reliability in mind.
       | 
       | I think that is already accepted as good practice, and the way
       | most people in the field work, which is part of the reason why
       | the field is in this shoddy state right now. Because in reality,
       | most of the time those engineers don't exist and it will never
       | advance to the second stage, but will still be used regardless.
       | And even if you manage to find an engineer for your team, the
       | same problem exists in many layers down your stack.
       | 
       | As with most other kinds of software, the biologists should be
       | treated as customers (or trained up to be skilled-enough
       | engineers), as it is done in other disciplines. To create good
       | accounting software you also wouldn't propose to have the
       | accountant write the initial version of the software, would you?
       | 
       | > Many of the projects that are critical to the foundation of
       | genomics are reaching or have eclipsed the ten-year mark. How
       | much longer can we expect these individuals to single-handedly
       | maintain these code bases?
       | 
       | What you propose sounds more like "hey, be the next idiot that
       | commits to maintaining critical software for nothing", rather
       | than any systemic change. The ugly secret of bioinformatics is
       | the same one as in broader tech: Most of it runs on the backs of
       | unpaid OSS maintainers (in this case a handful of motivated PIs
       | that carve out some of their time for that).
       | 
       | If you want to have good software in the sciences, you first have
       | to solve the OSS funding problem.
       | 
       | PS: the `user-select: none;` on your page is really annoying
        
         | jltsiren wrote:
         | > As with most other kinds of software, the biologists should
         | be treated as customers (or trained up to be skilled-enough
         | engineers), as it is done in other disciplines. To create good
         | accounting software you also wouldn't propose to have the
         | accountant write the initial version of the software, would
         | you?
         | 
         | Accounting is a bit different, because it has already been
         | invented. There are standards and best practices for it. In
         | bioinformatics, writing software is often a research activity.
         | You write software to determine what the software should do,
         | and then you adjust your ideas and rewrite it. The person
         | writing the first version(s) of the software is a researcher -
         | at least in practice if not by job title.
        
           | hobofan wrote:
           | Accounting is not a static thing, and is also constantly
           | changing with new legislation and financial instruments
           | popping up. Most bioinformatics tasks nowadays are not any
           | more "creative" in their research. Specifically in the last
           | few years a good chunk of the research is just okayish
           | application of ML research to their field of research.
           | 
           | For many specific problem sets in the natural science
           | informatics disciplines, you can just stay up-to-date on ML
           | trends and release a new paper that applies them every few
           | years, in an almost automatable way.
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | There is a good chunk of research like that, but there is
             | also a good chunk of research where the "biologist as a
             | customer" model does not work. In research like that, it's
             | the job of the person writing the software to figure out
             | which biological problems they are trying to solve and how.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | LarsDu88 wrote:
       | I do work in genomics.
        
       | anonymous_bio wrote:
       | The author completely neglects the downsides:
       | 
       | - The compensation _absolutely_ do not match the workload and
       | education required. - The sheer number of disreputable PIs and
       | their unrealistic goals for software. - The data is likely
       | questionable and often underpowered. - Institutional politics.
       | everywhere. - Marketing ( "Curing Cancer"). The role is actually
       | just juggling various bioinformatics file formats.
        
         | cratermoon wrote:
         | > just juggling various bioinformatics file formats
         | 
         | Your other points are spot on. This one I want to address
         | specifically. The file formats. Academics _love_ their
         | incredibly over-engineered file formats. MARC. SGML. DICOM.
         | HL7. RDF. Those are just the ones I know. Universally, they try
         | to cover every corner case that anyone could ever imagine.
         | Academics absolutely love their ontologies. Just implementing
         | one of them is a nightmare. Going from one to another is an
         | exercise in the philosophies of ontologies.
        
           | manv1 wrote:
           | HL7 is't technically an academic file format, it's an
           | industry standard interchange format for health data.
           | 
           | DICOM is for radiology.
           | 
           | RDF and SGML, well, they're from the same era as XML, so
           | yeah.
        
           | kweingar wrote:
           | > Just implementing one of them is a nightmare. Going from
           | one to another is an exercise in the philosophies of
           | ontologies.
           | 
           | Good thing there are lots of competing implementations! It
           | would be a shame if these files were actually portable.
        
           | zmmmmm wrote:
           | Actually I think genomics / bioinformatics is a counterpoint
           | there. One of the things I like about the field is nearly
           | every file format is under-engineered. It's TSV all the way
           | down and if you need compression gzip it. If you need to
           | index that, sort it (literally often with unix sort command)
           | and block-gzip it. Anything more engineered arose
           | specifically because the above failed and something more is
           | actually needed.
           | 
           | The downside is it's a giant hellscape of unstructured,
           | poorly specified formats where data types are barely
           | specified at all or if they are most of the schema is
           | published on some rambling blog post by some rando scientist.
           | You will spend most of your time understanding it by
           | empirical reverse engineering of the data that you are trying
           | to deal with.
        
         | boppo1 wrote:
         | PIs?
        
           | hobofan wrote:
           | Principal investigator:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_investigator
           | 
           | The person that runs a research lab, which at a university is
           | usually a (tenured) Professor.
        
           | rleigh wrote:
           | Principal Investigators. Basically, the academics who get the
           | grant funding and run their own research groups.
        
         | BeFlatXIII wrote:
         | - Marketing ("Curing Cancer")
         | 
         | Nothing like putting that boilerplate pablum on research grant
         | proposals. Either that or something about green energy. Some
         | PIs just want to play with ligands, man.
        
         | the_only_law wrote:
         | > The role is actually just juggling various bioinformatics
         | file formats.
         | 
         | I need an advanced degree for that?
        
           | cratermoon wrote:
           | You do in academia. Otherwise you might as well be washing
           | dirty labware for all the respect you get.
        
           | tonto wrote:
           | it is a meme that bioinformatics is just about converting
           | different file formats but it's a shallow take
        
       | possiblydrunk wrote:
       | Genomics was a pretty good place for software engineers that have
       | an interest in molecular biology; however, the pay is not
       | generally comparable with that earned in a tech industry job.
       | Interesting (to me) is that the software engineers that I've
       | worked with in genomics-oriented labs treat biologists and
       | biological data as the gold standard, while the biologists in
       | those labs are fairly reverential towards the software engineers
       | and computational results! Of course, both are overly optimistic
       | ... Unfortunately, the best software engineers I worked with
       | eventually jumped to software startups or tech industry jobs.
        
       | awill88 wrote:
       | > There is a significant gap between how software is currently
       | developed in this space versus how it should be developed
       | 
       | I appreciate the authors honesty. Been there, take it easy bud.
        
       | YouWhy wrote:
       | I am a career SW engineer that has worked on genomics in a
       | startup. The field is genuinely exciting.
       | 
       | The endemic disease of the field is the leadership. A leadership
       | made out of Principal Investigators forged in academia, appear
       | simply incapable of producing any item which is not articles (or
       | equivalents thereof).
        
         | ninala wrote:
         | Do you think that's true of pharmaceuticals/biotechs as well?
         | Or just academia?
        
           | tejtm wrote:
           | Decades ago my very very bright HCI prof commissioned a psyc
           | study for a database we were building for some biologists
           | next door, you know so we could better address their needs in
           | ways that would be useful to them. Details are pretty fuzzy
           | anymore but they proved correct many times over.
           | 
           | Things the study said would not work never worked i.e.
           | biologists wanted "temporarily" private data, say until till
           | published as psyc predicted they would never freely share it.
           | 
           | but the biggest thing I will try to paraphrase:
           | 
           | Biology is an observational, the work is in interpreting
           | which lends to group dynamics and politics, leaders ect.
           | 
           | Which is at odds with Math/CS which is constructive where if
           | something can be proved then that is that.
           | 
           | So when a CS person states a fact from their perspective a
           | biologist might see it as just another opinion subject to
           | hierarchical ranking.
           | 
           | So I would argue it is a function the individuals
           | proclivities and correlated training in the cultural
           | environment they end up in.
           | 
           | So a healthy work environment could value both fact and
           | opinion where each has a complementary role whether academic
           | or industry.
           | 
           | But as a longtime academic, I am now sadly looking towards
           | industry.
        
       | elric wrote:
       | Would love to, both out of interest and out of a belief that it
       | might one day improve the world. But it's not happening. I have
       | 20+ years of experience as a software engineer, but I don't have
       | a degree, so anything that has even a whiff of academia rejects
       | me outright. Not to mention that it would involve a big paycut
       | over fintech.
        
       | gedy wrote:
       | If you enjoy programming, don't work for fields or companies that
       | view you as a cost center, it's a drag.
        
       | spacemadness wrote:
       | Sorry, no. This was my dream area to work in and I obsessed over
       | degree programs in bioinformatics many years ago. Then I realized
       | it's incredibly low paying for the work, finding work in the area
       | was a chore, and a masters might not even get your foot in the
       | door. Nothing communicated that you would be valued. The harsh
       | reality of the world won out in the end.
        
       | metalforever wrote:
       | Look, I did this at multiple places for a number of years. The
       | issue is that you often form an adversarial relationship with the
       | scientists. They don't really want you there. They are perfectly
       | happy just organizing everything by hand with post its and excel
       | spreadsheets. They do not want you to mess with their flow with
       | your software, even if it would help them to be more efficient.
        
         | boppo1 wrote:
         | Can you elaborate with some anecdotes? Why is their current
         | workflow wrong? Why would an organization hire someone to build
         | software if they can achieve goals with spreadsheets?
        
           | maximus-decimus wrote:
           | The fact they renamed human genes because they were importing
           | it in Excel in a way it thought they were dates and was
           | changing them says a lot.
           | 
           | Can you really trust the scientific results if they depend on
           | software made by people who don't care about code quality?
        
             | boppo1 wrote:
             | >renamed human genes because they were importing it in
             | Excel in a way it thought they were dates
             | 
             | Just at your shop, or the field in general?
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | Field in general [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/6/21355674/human-
               | genes-renam...
        
               | rleigh wrote:
               | The whole field! This was actually a thing(!)
        
           | myaccount9786 wrote:
           | Why indeed.
        
       | mdlm wrote:
       | Those who are interested in the Broad Institute can reach out
       | directly to me at mdelamaz@broadinstitute.org
        
         | isoprophlex wrote:
         | Do you do fully remote positions, from non-US timezones (eg.
         | Western Europe)?
        
       | lowbloodsugar wrote:
       | Even large corporations in this space pay relatively little for
       | software engineers, and treat them with little importance.
       | 
       | I also experienced "software engineers" who had no idea what they
       | were doing being given more credence because they had a PhD in
       | some bio-related field. Oh, you got a PhD in some molecular
       | aspect of some tiny piece of biology, and that makes you
       | qualified to build big data systems? It did not. Apparently what
       | that gives you is an adherence to reading decades old textbooks
       | about database design. It was like working with a first year
       | software engineering undergrad from twenty years ago.
       | 
       | To be fair, it looks like the same can be said for machine
       | learning. Many software engineers I know are in the "machine
       | learning space", but report that they are just operations support
       | for data scientists, and don't actually get to learn about, let
       | alone be involved with creating, the models they support.
       | 
       | If you are a software engineer, work in a software company, where
       | engineering is the value proposition.
        
       | clusterhacks wrote:
       | I work in this field at a large medical research institution.
       | There is a significant amount of genomics analysis that occurs
       | here on a day-to-day basis. The genomic processing pipeline work
       | all falls directly into my group.
       | 
       | There is next to zero demand for tool development internally. I
       | do it _on the side of "normal" IT data management_ because I love
       | high performance computing, algorithms, and multithreaded
       | hackery. But even at my large, well-funded institution, there
       | isn't a specific role where that is all that you do by design.
       | 
       | I do _suck at marketing_ - meaning, despite having some success
       | with big improvements in research tools that folks have
       | definitely appreciated, no one comes to me asking for help with
       | better engineering of genomic applications. Partly that is due to
       | many researchers maybe only know R, so they will default to
       | whatever packages are already available in Bioconductor, install
       | those, and throw the resulting mash-up for their current research
       | effort onto the compute cluster and simply wait for hours or days
       | for the jobs to finish.
       | 
       | PIs are often insulated from software engineering problems too -
       | if work is completed before the next bi-weekly meeting and update
       | session, well, it must be ok.
        
         | sargstuff wrote:
         | Ah, sounds so much like history of programming. At the 50's
         | stage of straight up statistical manipulation.
         | 
         | DNA base units not viewed as base 4 binary number system that
         | can be transformed into an abstract software language, where
         | can select abstraction level of choice to use. Much like
         | musical notation not viewed as numeric system.
         | 
         | Although, most software engineers don't view systems as
         | numerical language development, too.
        
           | sargstuff wrote:
           | difference in view between qualatative & quantitative usage;
           | NP vs. P type problem(s).
        
       | robertlagrant wrote:
       | > Of course, this would not be the fault of the individuals who
       | maintain the software, who are often brilliant: it's just simply
       | not fair to expect individuals to ensure this consistency using
       | their own, ad-hoc processses
       | 
       | I think this is a little generous. Engineers of all stripes
       | should take responsibility for their work. If they say, "Yes I
       | can add methylation analysis in three weeks," then they should
       | make sure that means it's made well, with tests and all. I've
       | definitely encountered people who don't communicate the scale of
       | the task, and for most of them it's because they don't do
       | software engineering; they do informatics scripting.
        
         | sargstuff wrote:
         | > "Yes I can add methylation analysis in three weeks,"
         | 
         | virtual or reprogram the robotic arm?
        
       | noname123 wrote:
       | I just want to add my $0.02 to respond to the low pay and low
       | respect as a Software Developer/Engineer in the genomics. This is
       | 100% true and also not true [bear with me]... you get it back in
       | the back end.
       | 
       | First the comp, most people think about the income they get as in
       | levels.fyi TC. IMHO, The no. 1 value add is working for an
       | academic center is the freedom in both time and spirit you get in
       | pursuing your interest and the side ventures & hustles which
       | eventually compounds. The hours are very reasonable in academia
       | and in most places, you can take classes internally on campus or
       | get reimbursed for it and get supportive managers who let you
       | take time off from work to study. Or just great WLB to pursue
       | something you really enjoy. And this compounds both spiritually
       | and financially.
       | 
       | Just a data point of one, I took an online data science degree
       | whilst working like 15hrs/week and 25hrs on classes. From the
       | classes, I got the bug to apply data science I learned on my
       | degree and on the genomics analysis job to apply to the financial
       | markets/automated trading. Now over the past 4 years, I've
       | achieved CAGR of 35%, and sharpe of 2.5 where my options trading
       | portfolio capital gains outsizes consistently my W-2 pay and keep
       | me par on L5 of FAANG engineer. To give you an idea, my other co-
       | workers have gone into side-hustles real estate (not sure about
       | now) or running day-care to great success. Yes because you have
       | that much free time.
       | 
       | Now autonomy/academic stimulation, I would not give it up for the
       | world even if I was doing it for free. Previously I was working
       | for a "hot tech" company where I was bored out of my minds
       | cranking CRUD widgets and re-learning JS frameworks every year
       | and attending BS lunch n' learn work sessions of new crappy
       | libraries with hipster names. In genomics, you get to apply
       | traditional stat techniques (bioconductor), deep learning
       | techniques (tensorflow, AlphaFold, GANs) and learn latest
       | sequencing protocols (scRNASeq, ChIPSeq, CRISPR screenings) and
       | learn the biology domain too (immunology, viral responses, cell
       | regulatory networks, synthetic biology. It's like being on the
       | front-seat to a movie cinema or basketball court where the
       | scientific evolution is happening. You're learning something new
       | everyday and you are at the center of it all as PIs, wet lab
       | bench scientists all depend on you to perform the analysis and
       | build the pipelines... and 8 years in, and I'm still excited with
       | the only disappointment that I will never learn it all.
       | 
       | Obv. a subjective data point of one, but I just want to add my
       | data point just in case somebody out there on the fence. Yes
       | sometimes you can truly have it all.
        
       | bambax wrote:
       | > _Google Genomics. Careers link._ > _Microsoft Genomics. Careers
       | link._
       | 
       | Google and Microsoft probably know how to make software?
       | 
       | Side note: why does this page have user-select: none on body?
       | It's annoying; what does it accomplish?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jghn wrote:
         | Google Genomics is now aka Google Cloud Life Sciences. There's
         | also their sister company Verily that operates in this space.
        
           | cosentiyes wrote:
           | There is also a research group: https://health.google/health-
           | research/genomics/
        
       | arnaudsm wrote:
       | I hope this FAANG downturn will push software engineers to new
       | industries, and bring some cross-pollination.
       | 
       | What happens when the world's most brillant minds do something
       | else than making us click on more ads ?
        
         | zach_garwood wrote:
         | If academics embraced software and software developers as
         | heartily as advertisers did, you'd see that result. Until they
         | do, I expect you'll continue to see a bunch of skepticism from
         | developers.
        
         | clmcleod wrote:
         | Exactly my thoughts, and what I hope this post makes some
         | consider.
        
       | jesse__ wrote:
       | Shameless self-promotion incoming.
       | 
       | I'm interested in contributing to this field. I have significant
       | experience in 3D graphics, game engines, compilers and language
       | runtimes. I'm a competent low-level engineer.
       | 
       | There's a lot of red-flags in this thread about adverse working
       | conditions, but I'm running under the assumption there are a
       | handful of companies out there that work with a software-minded
       | approach.. ie. respect SWEs for who they are and what they do. If
       | you represent one such company, and are looking for engineers who
       | have a keen eye for performance and architecture, I'd love to
       | hear from you.
       | 
       | jesse@scallywag.software
       | 
       | https://scallywag.software/resume.html
       | 
       | EDIT: Largely interested in remote roles, but could relocate for
       | the right offer.
        
       | fastaguy88 wrote:
       | It may be worth pointing out that several of the leaders in the
       | Genomics field started off in commercial software development. I
       | agree that it does not make monetary career sense to move into
       | genomics -- academic labs cannot pay you more than the lab head
       | makes, which is probably much less than many software developers
       | are worth in other markets.
       | 
       | But I've known several financially successful developers who have
       | gone back for a PhD in bioinformatics and genomics, and, after
       | getting over their distaste for existing tools, have made
       | important and well-recognized contributions. But they did not
       | make more money.
        
       | j7ake wrote:
       | Genomics is still predominantly a research field. In research,
       | software development and hence software engineers are not valued
       | much, because technologies change rapidly, new ideas come every
       | day, so it is about being able to hack together a workable
       | solution enough to write a paper or get funding.
       | 
       | Software development becomes important when certain data
       | processing methods have been standardised, eg mapping sequencing
       | data to mouse or human genome, differential expression analysis,
       | pca visualisations.
        
       | iainctduncan wrote:
       | I worked for a while at a consultancy supporting genomics through
       | LIMS (lab info management software) customization, so not really
       | genomics, but in the genomics biz (big genomics companies were
       | our clients). For me, it was the least interesting software work
       | I have done in my 20 year coding career. On the other hand, for
       | people who just wanted a steady pay cheque and to go home at 5pm,
       | it was a good gig. But man, software that moves samples and test
       | tubes and their data around, it could be cars in a parking lot
       | for all that the science makes it interesting.
       | 
       | We had bad attrition to both more interesting and higher paying
       | work. (I left for both after a year at the consultancy)
        
       | denvaar wrote:
       | I'm most definitely not an expert in this area, but I have
       | recently taken interest in learning about "succinct data
       | structures", which from what I understand have their place in
       | bioinformatics.
       | 
       | It's been a challenging topic to learn about, because most of the
       | information comes from Computer Science papers and articles where
       | the information is presented in a very formal, mathematical way,
       | which I am just not used to.
       | 
       | Normally when thinking about data structures and algorithms,
       | we're mostly concerned with optimizing for speed. Space
       | complexity is not usually as big of a consideration. Succinct
       | data structures are all about creating ways to achieve good
       | runtime performance while representing the data in a "compressed"
       | format. I think this comes in handy when doing things like DNA
       | sequencing since data sets are so large.
       | 
       | I'm excited to check out some of links in the post, and in case
       | any one else is interested in learning more about succinct data
       | structures, here's a few resources I'd recommend:
       | 
       | Prof. Ben Langmead's YouTube channel:
       | https://www.youtube.com/user/BenLangmead/featured
       | 
       | Alex Bowe's blog has some good content:
       | https://www.alexbowe.com/articles/
       | 
       | Prof. Erik Demaine's "succinct" lectures from his adv. data
       | structures course at MIT on YouTube:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y2weLDiUWw
       | 
       | Edward Kmett's Haskell live coding session going into some
       | details about succinct:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MKEmNNJgFc
       | 
       | There's also a lot of research papers, which you should be able
       | to find by searching for "succinct data structures" (Jacobson,
       | Munro, Brodnik, Raman, Rao, Navaro, Sadakane just to name a few).
       | I at least have a basic CS undergraduate degree, but many of
       | these papers are over my head, but I have still been able to
       | slowly understand more and more. Some I had to purchase.
        
       | teekert wrote:
       | I work in genomics, this is very true. I know of some
       | modernization efforts, ie by companies working with new file
       | formats, like GenomSys [0] with mpeg-genomics [1].
       | 
       | It feels like it's going very slowly though. The field just
       | really depends on their Unix philosophy tools, there is a lot of
       | gzipped text files that are piped through bash scripts and tool
       | like awk and grep. It works, mostly, but there is a lot of
       | weirdness.
       | 
       | [0] https://genomsys.com/
       | 
       | [1] https://mpeg-g.org/
        
         | tonto wrote:
         | mpeg-g to me is probably bad for the field. sam/bam/cram is the
         | way of the present and mpeg-g offers little over these formats
         | and is patent encumbered. xref samtools developer blog
         | http://datageekdom.blogspot.com/2018/09/mpeg-g-ugly.html?m=1
        
           | teekert wrote:
           | Hmm I agree with James. I bring the same points to my
           | employer actually, they sort of listen but they like IP.
        
       | quest88 wrote:
       | Which open source projects need help, and why those?
        
       | UncleOxidant wrote:
       | Yes, Genomics may be important, but are there really that many
       | jobs for software developers? (same could be said for many other
       | important fields - I recently saw an article about how software
       | engineers should move to green energy - but who is going to pay
       | them?)
        
         | jghn wrote:
         | There are a lot more positions for people with advanced
         | mathematics and/or science backgrounds with strong programming
         | chops than there are typical software positions. But they do
         | exist.
        
       | jefftk wrote:
       | I recently switched from software engineering on ads and web
       | performance at a FAANG to (meta)genomics at a nonprofit startup;
       | happy to answer questions
        
         | boppo1 wrote:
         | From a genomics layperson with decent dev skills:
         | 
         | A. What are the broad and medium goals you work on?
         | 
         | B. What are your daily activities? How do they fir into (A)?
         | 
         | C. What does nonprofit genomics vs for profit look like from a
         | revenue standpoint?
         | 
         | D. What specific technologies/stacks are you using?
         | 
         | E. The CRUD frontend+backend+database to serve users (and sell
         | ads) is pretty ubiquitous in 'tech', with some branches. How
         | does your field compare?
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | A: The goal of my current project is to identify novel
           | pandemics, even if they're caused by something we've never
           | seen before, most likely by looking at growth patterns. At a
           | broader scale, I'm trying to learn enough about working in
           | this field that I'll be able to contribute on whatever future
           | projects seem most appropriately important to me.
           | 
           | B: unlike my previous work, I'm back to being an individual
           | contributor. Very few meetings, mostly coding and analysis.
           | Current thing is trying to understand what drives per-sample
           | variability in wastewater sequencing data.
           | 
           | C. Our group is currently philanthropically funded, and is
           | focused on determining whether/how this is
           | possible/practical.
           | 
           | D. I'm mostly working in (bio)python, with a few bits written
           | in C and gluing things together with bash.
           | 
           | E. I was most recently working on (a) JS infrastructure to
           | fetch and render ads and (b) working with browsers on
           | platform features that would improve privacy, security, and
           | efficiency.
        
         | steakknife wrote:
         | Are there any open source tools/projects worth contributing to
         | that don't need specialized infrastructure, proprietary data,
         | or a PhD in the field to understand?
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | Almost certainly yes. For example, lots of things don't have
           | tests and really should. But I'm not too sure about
           | priorities, or about which projects would welcome that work.
        
         | boppo1 wrote:
         | F. The parent article mentions solutions are often custom made
         | by one person. Can problems in the field be reduced such that
         | extensible open-source frameworks could be applied? The way we
         | have frameworks for webdev?
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | I'm very new to this area, and am really not the right person
           | to ask, but I'll try my best ;)
           | 
           | In general you have frameworks when lots of people are trying
           | to solve a large number of problems that look similar at the
           | start and then will diverge. That's pretty web specific. I
           | think instead in bio you mostly get (and will keep getting)
           | modular tools and pipeline standardization.
        
       | jdeaton wrote:
       | As someone who puts tremendous value in technical mentorship when
       | considering a role this is about the worst possible advertisement
       | for being a swe in genomics as it amounts to "all our code is
       | awful- come fix it!"
        
       | jugg1es wrote:
       | I have a BS in neurobiology but have been working in software for
       | 20 years. I'd always wanted to get into a more biology-focused
       | software after interning at NIDA (NIH) and saw how bad the
       | software support was. I spent most of internship developing
       | software to make it easier to digitize the dozens of giant
       | drawers full of index cards where they recorded all their raw
       | data.
       | 
       | The problem is that the organizations involved in this sort of
       | work often still consider software development as a cost center
       | and therefore do not offer competitive salaries.
        
       | pryelluw wrote:
       | It might seem like an exaggeration but this morning I was
       | thinking of doing more work in scientific software. I lost my
       | mother to cancer. This seems like a way to channel that energy
       | and motivation. Thanks for posting, OP.
       | 
       | PS. Feel free to reach out. Email in profile. I'll be happy to
       | email around the subject.
        
       | zmmmmm wrote:
       | People seem to be responding to the pitch in a different way to
       | how it is intended. It's entirely a pitch that there is a _need_
       | for this. So if you aren 't highly motivated by doing something
       | valuable and useful, this isn't for you.
       | 
       | For me, working in the field is worth doing because I have come
       | to a place in my life where I value doing something useful more
       | than I value other things. You really can't put a value on being
       | able to get up every single day and know that you are actually
       | doing something good for the world that day. And getting paid,
       | while less than your absolute highest potential, still a really
       | good salary by comparison to most of society.
       | 
       | Plus you do get a lot of freedom and autonomy, and exposure to
       | absolutely fascinating research and biology, and if you want to
       | dabble in academia, it's surprisingly easy if you have a
       | supportive group.
        
       | mehphp wrote:
       | I did do this, there were a lot of great people on my team but it
       | paid (a lot) less and is more stressful than just building
       | another CRUD app.
        
       | fxtentacle wrote:
       | Google already axed all job offers, Microsoft and AWS are
       | searching student interns...
       | 
       | I used to work in genomics and computational biology. It was
       | incredibly interesting. But it's university research and gets
       | paid as such. 2-year time-limited contracts, lots of interns and
       | students, extremely low salaries.
        
         | cowsandmilk wrote:
         | The AWS jobs aren't even related to genomics. They just have
         | genomics in the description of types of workloads performed by
         | customers of AWS. The jobs are hard core CS automated reasoning
         | jobs.
        
       | dankle wrote:
       | > There is a significant gap between how software is currently
       | developed in this space versus how it should be developed. The
       | vast majority of genomics-related software is not written with
       | speed or reliability in mind.
       | 
       | True, but working in academia is very VERY different working in a
       | tech/product company.
        
         | pestatije wrote:
         | > This state of affairs makes it difficult for anyone other
         | than the original author to contribute to these code bases,
         | further cementing the one-maintainer policy.
         | 
         | Who wants to fix other peoples code mess? This is a no-no if
         | you want to promote a job opening.
        
           | cratermoon wrote:
           | I do. It's my bread-and-butter. I call myself a code janitor.
           | I live by books like "Working Effectively With Legacy Code"
           | and "Kill it With Fire". But I have my limits. Academic code
           | has.. coded, in the medical sense, and it can't be revived.
           | Put a DNR on it.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | I've seen this also in several software systems that started
           | life in a CS grad department. (Not all the same university.)
           | 
           | The original authors' quirks get enshrined in the code base,
           | and its neigh impossible to fix until they leave the company
           | that commercialized it.
        
             | sargstuff wrote:
             | sorta like the original calculus thesis.
        
       | throwawaysleep wrote:
       | I've worked at a lot of places and for researchers was my worst
       | job ever by far. I'll never work for someone with a PhD again, as
       | Sheldon Cooper's attitude towards engineers is no joke.
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | Average salary of $58k.
       | 
       | Genomics companies: consider paying more.
        
       | pengwing wrote:
       | Can you provide a list of the top problems in that space? Much
       | rather try to understand them deeply myself and build a company
       | solving them than just getting a job.
        
         | whage wrote:
         | I'd like to hear about this too!
        
         | whitepaint wrote:
         | This please. I would love to start working on (or create from
         | scratch) some software that helps people in that field.
        
           | 331c8c71 wrote:
           | Creating pipelines is still a problem. Typically one needs to
           | call a bunch of other tools in order to get to the final
           | result. There could be map/reduce behavior in the middle
           | where chunks of data are processed in parallel in order to
           | gain speed. And you need some kind of data
           | management/tracking as well (putting samples in groups,
           | ingesting raw data, exporting results). And sane monitoring
           | especially if something breaks/fails.
           | 
           | There are probably 100s of tools written for this but no
           | clear winner so far. The traditional software engineering
           | approaches like git, ci/cd seem too heavyweight (or rather
           | too low-level) especially during development. IMHO there
           | could be space for a fully remote/cloud solution where one
           | would code/debug/deploy from the browser optimized for
           | writing/maintaining pipelines.
        
             | kzuberi wrote:
             | I also found the quality & proliferation of data pipeline
             | tools to be baffling. Somehow always more painful to put
             | these together than it seemed like it ought to be.
             | 
             | At one point we wrote an internal tool (I think lots of
             | organizations do this, since all the 100s of existing tools
             | somehow don't fit, so you invent #101) and while it was
             | tremendously satisfying getting batch jobs with 1000's of
             | cpu's churning away, that kind of data infrastructure needs
             | to be standardized. I think some companies are doing this,
             | e.g. saw a presentation about Arvados/Curii that seemed
             | interesting (but haven't used it so not sure). Maybe CWL
             | will turn out to be the way forward here?
        
         | jinto36 wrote:
         | Protein structure prediction was a huge deal, which is why
         | AlphaFold received so much fanfare. It is actually pretty good.
         | The next step is to predict where multi-protein complexes would
         | interact- which is not just as simple as predicting the
         | structure of two proteins independently and then trying to fit
         | them together like a puzzle, because the the interactions can
         | also change the structure. While it's not as hard as it used to
         | be to experimentally determine protein targets of, for example,
         | a protein kinase, it's still not an arbitrary or cheap
         | experiment, and to do that for the many thousands of such
         | proteins, across different conditions (stress, presence of co-
         | factors, etc) and in different organisms would be rather a lot
         | of work. Something like alphafold that makes reasonable
         | predictions and can be used to help you focus on what's most
         | likely to be relevant to your disease or process of interest
         | helps quite a bit.
         | 
         | There's also more need for integrating "multi-omics" data,
         | where you have data from multiple assays (gene expression,
         | phospho-proteomics, lipidomics, epigenetics, small RNA
         | expression, etc etc) with the goal of somehow combining all
         | these different assay results from various levels of gene
         | regulation, to get closer to figuring out actual mechanism for
         | complex processes. Building on that, we can also do single-cell
         | multi-omics to some extent- where you have results from
         | different sequencing-based assays on the level of the same
         | _individual cell_. This is still pretty limited, but it 's
         | exciting and advancing pretty quickly. This will eventually be
         | combined with things like spatial transcriptomics, which is
         | useful for mapping out what's going on in heterogeneous tissue
         | samples like tumors, for example, so we'll end up with spatial
         | single-cell multi-omics, at which point you're looking at 1)
         | some quantitative trait for multiple genes/loci/molecules, and
         | often 10k+ of such features at the same time per assay, 2)
         | multiple assays, such as DNA accessibility and gene expression,
         | in 3) single-cells, of which you might have 10k of in a single
         | sample, 4) across a physical tissue sample where individual
         | cells are spatially mapped, and where you probably want to
         | figure out how cells might influence the state of those around
         | them, and 5) in multiple different samples, where you might
         | want to compare disease vs control, or look for correlation to
         | heterogeneity of results within one group.
         | 
         | There's a lot of public data already available for single-cell
         | gene expression projects if you want to get a feel for how
         | these things are structured and how (passable but not amazing)
         | the existing tooling is- one of the main repositories for this
         | data is the NCBI's SRA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra but
         | you'll quickly note that searching and browsing is not as easy
         | as you might think it would be- because one of the main
         | limiting factors in bioinformatics is how bad everyone is at
         | keeping terminology consistent. For many bioinformaticians, a
         | majority of time is spent in the data cleaning phase. It's
         | awful. Sometimes the experimental parameters make it into SRA
         | or GEO, but sometimes you have to read through the associated
         | paper to pull that out. Often it's only large consortium
         | projects like the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) or the
         | Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx) - which have enough
         | funding for staff dedicated to data management- end up
         | publishing datasets that are easy to "consume" without having
         | to jump through a whole bunch of hurdles to figure out how the
         | data was produced.
         | 
         | I have a BS/MS in bioinformatics and I'm presently a PhD
         | candidate in genetics and computational biology defending in
         | February.
        
       | jokethrowaway wrote:
       | Simply put, I can get a better paid gig just developing for the
       | web, without understanding any complicated domain (what the
       | developers do is the complexity).
       | 
       | Working in research in general doesn't seem to pay that well or
       | the well paid jobs are few and far.
       | 
       | Maybe it's a sector ready to be disrupted by a startup with
       | quality developers; but I still have to see disruption based on
       | improving code quality. It's a tangential aspect as well and
       | doesn't impact much the actual business.
        
       | joefreeman wrote:
       | Thanks for posting this, and your learngenomics.dev resource
       | looks great - I'm looking forward to reading this though. I
       | recently started working as an engineering manager/lead in a
       | genomics startup (https://www.genpax.co), and I've been picking
       | this up as I go. I've also started working my way through the
       | 'Micro binfie' podcast, which is great.
       | 
       | Our company values software quality and we're very product
       | focussed. We're actively hiring in London:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33423547
        
       | DonsDiscountGas wrote:
       | I've worked on genomics, at the Broad. Can confirm there is a ton
       | of toxicity. There's also a lot of smart and great people, if you
       | can find a team specifically dedicated to software I would
       | recommend it. Also the pay is good...for a non-profit.
       | 
       | More broadly...shortages like this aren't because SWEs just love
       | ad-tracking and hate health improvements. People need to be
       | willing to pay for these services (case in point; the jobs link
       | for AWS has 3 links which appear unrelated to genomics, for
       | Microsoft there are 2 for interns, and for Google its empty).
       | 
       | There are a lot of opportunities in biotech for SWEs, and many
       | firms (though not all) really do respect the power of software.
       | Worth looking around if you're interested in the area.
        
         | noname123 wrote:
         | Hmm as an ex-Broad employee (and now in another genomics
         | center), what did you find really toxic about the Broad?
         | 
         | FWIW, I really loved Broad the people, my direct line manager
         | and co-workers. The management was horrible and the management
         | at DSP (not the line folks/managers) were the worst.
        
           | noname123 wrote:
           | Since my post was upvoted a tad... I'll give more feedback
           | about the Broad.
           | 
           | When I joined, it was running really like an academic center.
           | Like literally in my lab, if I wanted to go into the lab and
           | pipet and do library prep, the wet lab scientist would teach
           | me and vice versa. It was lit. a place where anybody could
           | pivot their career to anything. We worked on NIAID/NIH grants
           | and went to conferences even as SWE's and I felt we were
           | doin' important research - not just pipeline monkeys but
           | actually performed important analysis like RNASeq
           | differential analysis, ChIPSeq peak calling, metagenomics
           | etc. on publications along with PhD scientists even if I
           | didn't have the academic credentials. Groups within the Broad
           | was running courses for Software Engineers to learn
           | Biology... and you could literally take off middle of day to
           | go across the street to Stata Center to attend lectures on ML
           | or audit Comp Bio at MIT. Nobody would bat an eye. 75% of my
           | group got a Masters degree on the job where we spent more
           | time some months on classes than actual work.
           | 
           | The culture somewhere shifted around 2018-2019... where they
           | brought in new management to run DSP (Data Science Platform
           | where most SWE's likely end up). The DSP management (not the
           | chief guy) but lieutenants ran the "tech playbook"... get PM,
           | Scrum/Agile coaches in; make software and comp biologists
           | line workers.A lot of my fav. people either left or got
           | pushed out. A lot of intuitional knowledge about sequencing
           | and biology got lost, self-driven people left and line
           | workers to work on Portal web development and Data pipeline
           | management came in. To the point where I presented once to
           | the software engineers of DSP and nobody in the room even
           | knew the basic's like what is a long or short reads is. I
           | left soon afterwards to a place where I wouldn't be silo'd. I
           | wouldn't recommend the Broad to anybody now... unless you're
           | working for an academic group. Avoid platform groups (DSP
           | mostly; other platforms are still good) if you want to learn
           | & grow.
        
             | aednichols wrote:
             | Current DSPer since 2017 and broadly agree with OP.
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | This is a great read. Thanks for the information. What you
             | originally described is basically my dream job: software
             | engineers working _alongside_ scientists and engineers,
             | where the software engineers become domain knowledgeable if
             | not experts in certain areas.
             | 
             | I had a job similar to that at a similar places (actually
             | places), but I ended up leaving because I was a one man
             | team and got burnt out. Writing software for scientific
             | purposes and true R&D is very fun and interesting, and I
             | think there is a lot of untapped potential for doing some
             | interesting things there. But there is a balance between
             | the wild west, then what your first described, and then
             | what you later described. Keeping things organized enough
             | to not be chaos but loose enough to not get siloed.
        
               | geoffjentry wrote:
               | A really hard aspect to this is that there's a massive
               | impedance mismatch between the research & production side
               | of things. Working in the research side is pretty
               | straightforward - although software development practices
               | are going to be a lot looser & faster. Working in a
               | production environment is straightforward, it's like any
               | other software job. But - working at the confluence of
               | those two states is incredibly difficult.
        
       | AtNightWeCode wrote:
       | Warning sign. You can't even select the text on the site.
        
         | AtNightWeCode wrote:
         | Don't know why HN still have down votes. Down voters are among
         | the most stupid people on the planet. The site changed you
         | stupid f*ckers.
         | 
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20221119162905/https://claymcleo...
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | 20 years ago I got interested in "bioinformatics." I loved
       | learning something about molecular biology, after all those years
       | of hearing about DNA and not understanding it. And "Molecular
       | Biology of the Cell" is, hands down, the greatest textbook ever
       | written.
       | 
       | That said: a lot of the comments are spot on. You're working in a
       | field where the hard scientists and business people rule and
       | you're a helper. Maybe they're grateful for your help OR maybe
       | they regard you as an overpaid lab assistant. After all, they
       | have PhD's and postdocs, and you don't.
       | 
       | I've never actually worked in that field. I'd guess that it might
       | be very satisfying, despite the low pay. Or not.
        
         | bluejellybean wrote:
         | Molecular Biology of the Cell got me extremely excited about
         | genetics and bioinformatics, highly, highly recommend this book
         | to any software person I meet who is interested in biology.
         | 
         | As to the work environment, it seems to be extremely varied
         | depending on the lab and team your on. I came from a number of
         | years doing web development in marketing and finance before
         | joining an R1 university research lab, and in many ways the
         | day-to-day is quite similar in both fields. You are not the
         | 'go-to' person for most things, but with that said, even as an
         | individual contributor I feel my voice is heard on technical
         | decisions where appropriate. As for pay, it's the biggest
         | aspect that will make me leave at some point. If you do not
         | have a PhD, or even a degree in my case, you can't expect to
         | get paid a lot. As to the speculation on the satisfaction of
         | the work, it is indeed deeply satisfying!
         | 
         | I got to have a conversation with one of the hero donors that
         | gave a kidney biopsy after a life-saving transplant. It's hard
         | to overstate just how impactful your work feels when talking to
         | someone like that. Even as a small cog in the larger machine
         | (our lab is around 50 strong with many people being at the top
         | of their sub-fields), the end results of the effort will be
         | massive improvements in individuals quality of life, this alone
         | makes it quite easy to get out of bed in the morning.
        
           | harles wrote:
           | Any particular edition of Molecular Biology of the Cell you'd
           | recommend? I just looked up the 7th edition on Amazon (seems
           | like the latest) and it's $300 USD. Oof.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | I'm on #3.
             | 
             | An awful lot has changed since 2000. RNA is now a Thing,
             | where it was just a poor stepchild before. Protein folding,
             | of course.
             | 
             | But yeah. The pictures are shining examples of what a
             | scientific diagram can be.
        
             | rleigh wrote:
             | I've still got my 3rd edition copy (from 1999 when I was an
             | undergrad molecular biologist). Most of the basic
             | biochemistry and molecular biology will be exactly the same
             | --it hasn't changed much if at all. While there have been
             | lots of additional details added over the last two decades,
             | the fundamentals are unchanged for the most part.
             | 
             | This wouldn't apply to other fields such as Immunology
             | (Janeway's Immunobiology) where I have purchased multiple
             | copies of the years due to the field changing so fast.
        
             | somedudetbh wrote:
             | Go on ebay and by the "international" edition
        
           | wwweston wrote:
           | What level of chemistry do you need to know in order to
           | benefit from reading the text?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | x0x0 wrote:
         | I worked in the field. Leaving to work on ads immediately
         | tripled my salary, and gave me more room to grow.
         | 
         | Everyone who says you're the hired help and treated about as
         | well as a secretary that the organization dislikes is dead on.
         | At best, you're viewed as an overpaid cost center.
         | 
         | Which is sad, because I'd love to work in these areas... but
         | I'm not giving up 66% to 75% of my income to as charity to
         | private corporations.
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | Having worked (as a consultant/contractor) for a few businesses
         | in the field, I can say that my experience was closer to
         | "grateful for your help" than to "an overpaid lab assistant". I
         | even recall once, in a meeting, being referred to (by a senior
         | staff scientist with a Ph.D.) as "the technical guy", causing
         | me to wonder at how someone who does gene sequencing thinks of
         | programming as being more technical.
         | 
         | But, YMMV.
        
           | blep_ wrote:
           | > causing me to wonder at how someone who does gene
           | sequencing thinks of programming as being more technical
           | 
           | Everything you don't understand looks complicated from the
           | outside.
        
         | tifik wrote:
         | I have worked in a genomics lab after finishing a
         | bioinformatics master's.
         | 
         | It was my first fulltime job, and by far the most chill. People
         | were great. The PI was laid back, the whole lab went out for
         | beers every now and then - and not because of a mandatory
         | startup-style 'bonding' event. We genuinely enjoyed each others
         | company and hung out outside of work. I never had that in any
         | other job, which were/are all commercial operations.
         | 
         | The vibe and the power structure felt very different. More
         | level. There werent any purely managerial roles, everyone was
         | doing at least a bit of 'science'. And even junior ICs like me
         | got to coach undergrads every now and then. Most of the
         | operational budget comes from grants, on which you have to
         | deliver. The pay is not amazing, so most employees really are
         | in it for the science.
         | 
         | Or I was still young and naive and was lucky all of the two
         | layers of management were all nice people.
         | 
         | Ultimately I left, as the grant money coudnt keep up with
         | offers I was getting.
         | 
         | It is still the job I am most proud of. I love talking about
         | it, and it really sucks that even a well funded lab cant really
         | afford market engineering rates.
        
           | jonnycomputer wrote:
           | I'm in a role that is very similar (different field though).
           | However, I know enough about academia to know that alot
           | depends on the culture the PI fosters. Also, I spend a lot of
           | time learning the field.
        
         | boppo1 wrote:
         | >Molecular Biology of the Cell
         | 
         | Tangential, but what are the chemistry prereqs to grasp this
         | book?
        
           | ninala wrote:
           | The chemistry requirements are minimal. You should understand
           | the difference between ionic and covalent bonds, how van der
           | Waals forces work, hydrophobicity, solubility, and the
           | effects of catalysts on reaction transition states. It will
           | also be important to understand what reaction kinetics are
           | and what pH means. An understanding of buffers might be
           | useful.
           | 
           | I would argue that, to understand the book, you specifically
           | don't need to know electrochemistry, organic chemistry,
           | analytical chemistry, organometallics, spectroscopy, or even
           | physical chemistry.
        
           | wenderful wrote:
           | Fwiw, I studied humanities, do a lot of pop science reading
           | in my spare time, and I'm able to appreciate it. There are
           | more detailed and technical sections I skim or skip, but the
           | overviews are fantastic. Incredible description of, for
           | example, the sheer wonder we should all experience at the
           | fact that all life starts as a single cell.
        
           | timr wrote:
           | MBC is readable by someone with an undergraduate background
           | in science. You'd probably want basic knowledge of biology,
           | general chemistry and organic chemistry.
           | 
           | It's essentially an upper-level undergraduate textbook.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | I did get a book or two out of the library, plus I had Chem
           | 101 in college, but really, not very much.
        
           | tranzudao wrote:
           | Probably just a college level gen chem class. Pretty
           | accessible, albeit technical, textbook from what I remember
           | of reading it for a course a few years ago.
        
         | clmcleod wrote:
         | > That said: a lot of the comments are spot on. You're working
         | in a field where the hard scientists and business people rule
         | and you're a helper
         | 
         | This definitely was the culture when I started working in the
         | field 6 years ago. However, the culture has shifted (at least
         | where I work) to where biologists and engineers are equal
         | partners that work together on solving these problems. For
         | those organizations that are not this way, I think they're
         | going to have to change if they want to innovate.
        
           | jghn wrote:
           | Agreed. Huge change over the last 10-15 years. My first job
           | in the space had a view that _obviously_ a mere software
           | developer wouldn 't be paid more than even a postdoc
           | scientist. And as postdocs weren't paid all that well, you
           | see where this is going.
           | 
           | These days more biotech companies are
           | computationally/software focused. They understand that to
           | pull in strong talent they're not operating in the same
           | academic science world.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | That may be the case for engineers with PhDs and scientific
           | credentials, but I'm not so sure that is true of normal
           | developers who did not play the academic game. I'm not going
           | to take a job based on the eventuality of a culture shift,
           | and I don't think you should either.
           | 
           | This isn't just genomics, by the way. Scientific computing
           | folks are very similar.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | That's always been my impression, but it does sound like
             | "software eats the world" has had some effect. At least in
             | some places.
             | 
             | Looking at it from _their_ point of view: CS people tend to
             | think that  "everything is just information, and _now that
             | we 're here_ you're all going to be working for us."
             | 
             | You can see why a PhD in mol bio would resent that.
             | Everything is _not_ just information.
        
         | rafiki6 wrote:
         | I wish more fields would just start adopting the
         | product/engineer partnership that Software companies have
         | perfected. Engineers are very good at what they do. Product
         | people are very good at what they do. They need each other to
         | build things. Sure, engineers might know enough about product
         | to get by and product people might know enough about coding to
         | get by, but the reason it works is because each one is an
         | expert in what they do and are equal.
         | 
         | Its no different in finance, healthcare, genomics etc. I'd love
         | to work in a setting where I'm paired with an SME product
         | manager in a domain I have no clue about and they respect my
         | work and I respect theirs and we are partners.
         | 
         | This is one of the biggest factors that made software/internet
         | companies explode. They respected people who build software.
         | They didn't need to. A bunch of MBAs could have easily just
         | decided that the best way to run the company was to treat the
         | people building the product as a cost center. Many did. I think
         | that's probably one of the reason for the lack of innovation
         | and down fall in many old tech companies like HP/IBM.
         | 
         | The ones that treated SWEs properly and valued them
         | accordingly, did very well.
        
           | jonathanyc wrote:
           | I have heard from a friend who's a doctor that in hospitals
           | there's a very adversarial relationship between doctors and
           | MBAs. The MBAs see the doctors as a cost center, and the
           | doctors resent people without MDs being above them.
           | 
           | Your comment reminds me to be thankful that at many software
           | companies engineering, product, and design do respect each
           | other as equal partners. I totally agree that to do otherwise
           | is business suicide.
        
             | sargstuff wrote:
             | to very opposing philosopies:
             | 
             | MD's -> patient interest comes first
             | 
             | MBA's -> company interest comes first
        
         | olalonde wrote:
         | Is it feasible to do any meaningful work in this field without
         | joining a team? (e.g. as a solo hobbyist/entrepreneur)
        
           | boldlybold wrote:
           | If you have a software background and can get some basic
           | domain knowledge, there's lots of open source projects that
           | could use your contribution.
           | 
           | Doing fundamental reseach is a taller order. But lots of
           | software, tools, pipelines etc need maintainers,
           | optimizations...
        
             | quest88 wrote:
             | Which projects? That seems like a good place to start.
        
               | boldlybold wrote:
               | I contribute to Nextflow core (https://nf-co.re/) It's
               | more of a collection of pipelines than traditional
               | software, but there are users all around the world and a
               | good community.
               | 
               | Most of the packages on bioconda
               | (https://bioconda.github.io/) are open source. But you
               | probably want to find a sub-field that interests you most
               | before finding a project.
               | 
               | In grad school, we also had an ex-google software
               | engineer volunteer with us one day a week. It was very
               | impactful for many members of the lab to learn good
               | engineering practices, and it wasn't at all like the
               | sentiment others in this thread are expressing where
               | engineers were "janitors".
        
           | attractivechaos wrote:
           | Difficult but possible. For example, Robert Edgar [1] works
           | alone and is one of the most productive developers in this
           | field.
           | 
           | [1] http://drive5.com
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | I worked with Bob some ~20 years ago at Berkeley. he showed
             | up one day to check out the seminars and see if he could
             | "help out" after having sold his database company to Intel.
             | he said he'd been trained as a physics guy in the 80s but
             | there were no real jobs so he started a software company
             | instead. He joined my advisor's group (it helped a lot,
             | because at the time most journals wouldn't publish a paper
             | submitted from a home address).
             | 
             | He proceeded to completely understand hidden markov models
             | and protein sequence alignment and was immediately hacking
             | improvements to HMMER. However, Sean Eddy couldn't
             | understand his optimizations (Sean has to know how HMMER
             | works at all times) and so Bob went off and made his own
             | tools like MUSCLE.
             | 
             | One of the reasons he can do this is, well, he's a
             | programmer/math genius, and the other reason is that HMMs
             | and protein alignments are a fairly well understood and
             | programmable thing these days.
             | 
             | Still blows me away we train up all these people to be
             | scientists when there are no jobs for them in that role.
        
             | njbooher wrote:
             | I don't work in this space anymore, but just want to say
             | kseq (and the rest of klib) is such an awesome time saver.
             | Thank you.
        
       | d4nyll wrote:
       | I have a degree in biochemistry. Would love to combine my passion
       | in software and biology, but academic research is often funded by
       | governments which means the salary is (super) low.
       | 
       | It's the same reason why there's a lack of qualified computer
       | science teachers in schools.
        
       | dekhn wrote:
       | In addition to genomics, the other area that could greatly
       | benefit from professional SWE experience is imaging. Many of the
       | most effective techniques today combine microscopic images with
       | genomics- for example variable transcriptomics approaches.
       | Imaging is a more natural fit for people who like to work with
       | dense, visualizable matrices, although genomics data is now
       | trending more towards matrices (all genes x some observable
       | metric).
        
       | roughly wrote:
       | I work at at a SynBio company and heartily second this. If you're
       | looking for interesting work where you can make an impact, it's
       | an incredible field to be in.
       | 
       | I'm a nerd about everything - I love learning, and this field is
       | incredible for it. The complexity and depth of biological systems
       | dwarfs what we're doing in the software industry. I work with
       | brilliant people doing absolutely fascinating work, and I get to
       | learn more every day. At the same time, I get to build things
       | that make a genuine contribution to the people I'm working with -
       | I can see the value and impact of my skillset in a way that was a
       | lot harder when I was working at a software company. The leverage
       | that good software folks can provide to folks outside the
       | industry is almost impossible to overstate - our ability to scale
       | up what the practitioners in the field are doing can offer an
       | almost category change in what they can attempt.
       | 
       | At the same time, there's still really, really knotty software
       | problems to be had - computer science has benefited quite a lot
       | from our ability to segment and structure our problems, but
       | biology doesn't allow for that - everything that we're working
       | with is operating at every scale, from molecular interactions up
       | through genomics into protein design and folding and into
       | metabolic modelling. Add to that that the data structures you're
       | dealing with can vary from a few characters up to a couple
       | megabytes (within the same represented "object"), distant
       | elements within the same object can interact meaningfully, the
       | objects themselves tend to be embedded in larger structures with
       | which they meaningfully interact, and you've got some fiendishly
       | complex problems.
       | 
       | And at the end of all that, you've got a field which offers a
       | legitimate possibility of helping us move past petrochemicals; an
       | enormous expansion in the kinds, potency, and specificity of
       | healthcare; and a new and novel set of tools for shaping our
       | world. It's an incredibly exciting place to be, and I've found
       | people are genuinely thrilled to have good software folks along.
        
       | amrx101 wrote:
       | Would love to but I don't think academia will want masters at
       | least and years of industry experience will be discarded
       | completely. I have 6 years experience in data intensive IoT
       | applications and yet that would not be considered useful by
       | academia
        
         | Marsymars wrote:
         | I left academia for that reason; there was no advancement path
         | that didn't involve more advanced degrees, and that wasn't
         | something I was interested in at the time.
        
         | Cupertino95014 wrote:
         | The bio & pharma & medical fields value academic credentials
         | very, very highly. Too highly.
         | 
         | That's their whole life: "where did you do your PhD? Who did
         | you do your postdoc under?"
         | 
         | Many world-class hackers would do pretty poorly on those
         | questions.
        
       | brofallon wrote:
       | Most of the discussion here seems to assume bioinformatics /
       | genomics jobs are academic, but I work for a clinical testing lab
       | where production-quality code is a must. We're probably a 10/12
       | on the Joel test.
       | 
       | If you're into bioinformatics or genomics, but aren't excited
       | about an academic setting, take a peek:
       | https://recruiting2.ultipro.com/ARU1000ARUP/JobBoard/62cc791...
       | 
       | We hire fully remote positions and starting salaries are about
       | US$100k.
        
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