[HN Gopher] Robot treats 500k plants per hour with 95% less chem...
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       Robot treats 500k plants per hour with 95% less chemicals [video]
        
       Author : zikohh
       Score  : 743 points
       Date   : 2022-11-16 20:39 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.youtube.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.youtube.com)
        
       | zurtri wrote:
       | I am waiting for this kind of tech to become viable for smaller
       | 'hobby' type farms. you know, under 100 acres.
       | 
       | To get the spraying done by firing up a few drones would be
       | excellent.
       | 
       | Particularly with weeds that are in hard to reach places on the
       | farm.
        
         | inetknght wrote:
         | > _I am waiting for this kind of tech to become viable for
         | smaller 'hobby' type farms. you know, under 100 acres._
         | 
         | Yup. I've got four acres of grass that I'd love to farm...
         | without having the farm be a full time job.
        
         | Gualdrapo wrote:
         | > I am waiting for this kind of tech to become viable for
         | smaller 'hobby' type farms.
         | 
         | And, you know, cheap. And usable in difficult terrain.
         | 
         | I can't imagine my father, or any farmer who does their job at
         | small scales here in developing countries, being able to afford
         | technology like that.
        
         | Axien wrote:
         | Actually you would hire the "drone guy" to spray your fields.
         | No need to buy drones for use a few times a year.
        
         | prawn wrote:
         | They're very smartly having this work as a tractor attachment
         | so they're not reinventing the literal wheels. For small farms,
         | a scaled-down version could be pushed along like a wheelbarrow
         | or attached to something like an ATV or ride-on mower.
         | 
         | But at the home garden scale, I'd like to see a dog-sized
         | spider-like robot that would roam the block doing this. It can
         | be very hard to keep soil weed free, and then weed it once it
         | isn't.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | iio7 wrote:
       | While we're at it, let's get rid of the chemicals. There is no
       | situation in which the toxic chemicals doesn't create a whole new
       | set of problems.
        
         | fknorangesite wrote:
         | > There is no situation in which the toxic chemicals doesn't
         | create a whole new set of problems.
         | 
         | True, but the issue though is the problem they _solve_ :
         | famine.
        
           | loceng wrote:
           | They can still be used as a bridge to when new systems are
           | ready to replace the old.
        
         | loceng wrote:
         | You could just burn the leaves of what you don't want to grow,
         | right?
        
         | karmaMeansCool wrote:
         | Please don't have opinion that are different from everyone
         | else.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Mountain_Skies wrote:
       | Love these types of advances though I wonder if weeds and pests
       | will adapt to outwit the robot or if our ability to adapt
       | automation to such changes simply will always/usually be too
       | rapid for nature to keep up.
        
         | searine wrote:
         | Pests will adapt to physical pest control like fire or crop
         | rotation by timing their life cycles to avoid it. Robots aren't
         | any different in that regard, if used without care pests could
         | hypothetically adapt to their usage.
         | 
         | The key to preventing this kind of adaptation is multiple modes
         | of action. Robots do offer that ability because they can be
         | used to both physically remove pests, and also chemically treat
         | pests like in the video.
         | 
         | If you have two to three robust modes of action, you can
         | basically prevent resistance from happening entirely.
        
         | goalieca wrote:
         | Firmware updates happen a lot faster than evolution. I
         | personally like the laser one and mechanical weeders
        
           | 0xdeadbeefbabe wrote:
           | Evolution might hijack the firmware update process now.
        
         | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
         | Well if the weeds adapt into corn to outwit the robot that
         | wouldn't be too bad.
        
           | empyrrhicist wrote:
           | Fun fact, that's sort of how we got Rye.
        
             | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
             | Wow, thanks for that fact!
             | 
             | >It is possible that rye traveled west from Asia Minor as a
             | minor admixture in wheat (possibly as a result of
             | Vavilovian mimicry), and was only later cultivated in its
             | own right.[0]
             | 
             | Also found this about rye while looking that up:
             | 
             | >Recently, scholars have discovered that rye, more than
             | other domesticated crops has followed a weedy species type
             | of domestication process--from wild to weed to crop and
             | then back to weed again.[1]
             | 
             | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye
             | 
             | [1]https://www.thoughtco.com/rye-the-domestication-
             | history-4092...
        
               | empyrrhicist wrote:
               | I learned this from my brother when I was harvesting
               | Job's Tears in the garden. A bunch of foxtail seeds kept
               | landing in the bowl, and looked just about big enough to
               | be a grain - I commented that it seemed likely that some
               | of our grains must have evolved that way, getting
               | selected because they got harder to distinguish from the
               | main plant. He was like "yeah... that's basically the
               | story of Rye" lol. It was something I'd never thought
               | about, but actually trying to harvest a grain made it
               | really clear.
        
         | bergenty wrote:
         | I don't think there is anything a plant can realistically do to
         | adapt to a high enough wattage laser burning it away in the
         | seedling stage.
        
           | MikePlacid wrote:
           | - mimicry?
           | 
           | - going invisible?
        
             | quixoticelixer- wrote:
             | Would be very very difficult for most weeds to mimic most
             | crop plants. Plants can not become invisible.
        
             | bergenty wrote:
             | Hmm very good points.
        
         | geraneum wrote:
         | It's natural selection and perhaps it's more likely that they
         | will go extinct in such a scenario.
        
         | cwkoss wrote:
         | There is a plant that mimics the shapes of other leaves - even
         | if the leaves are made out of plastic. Pretty fascinating, the
         | same photoreceptors suspected to enable this have been found in
         | other plants, but the others don't use it to engage in mimicry.
         | 
         | Weeds adapting to look like non-weeds is highly plausible, IMO.
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8903786/#:~:tex...
         | .
        
           | quixoticelixer- wrote:
           | > Weeds adapting to look like non-weeds is highly plausible,
           | IMO.
           | 
           | It's not highly plausible. It would take a lot of generations
           | and a lot of mutations for this to happen.
        
             | cwkoss wrote:
             | Boquila trifoliolata can do it within a single generation.
             | Most weeds don't have this capability currently, but a
             | strong selective pressure could make it happen pretty quick
             | with the right lucky mutations.
        
               | quixoticelixer- wrote:
               | No strong selective pressure could not make it happen
               | "pretty quick" it's very complicated behavior that would
               | take a very long time to appear
        
       | StreamBright wrote:
       | Finally something that gives us the hope that we can use
       | technology the right way.
        
       | curiousgeorgio wrote:
       | It's cool technology, but let's be careful here. If we've learned
       | anything about technology in the past few years, it's that the
       | benefits usually come with a host of new problems.
       | 
       | Cars, phones, and many critical pieces of infrastructure are
       | quickly becoming impossible to service or fix by anyone but their
       | manufacturers. Even normal operation relies on services that can
       | be shut down which the flip of a remote switch. Not a huge
       | problem in the individual case, but when our farming relies on
       | similar technology, threats like cyberattacks, bugs, datacenter
       | outages, chip supply issues, political disagreements, etc all
       | become major national threats _really quickly_. Granted, farming
       | has had sophisticated technology for quite a few years now, but
       | smarter AI systems will inevitably involve more interaction with
       | cloud services, and at that point, we 're setting ourselves up
       | for some scary possibilities.
        
       | everyplant35 wrote:
       | FarmWise is another company in the space. Their machines offer a
       | targeted cultivation for crops like lettuce, broccoli and
       | cauliflower. See the performance of the system below:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/vtM_oSiuxeM
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | computerdork wrote:
       | This is an incredible idea and as others have mentioned below,
       | there are other companies with products like this. In fact, John
       | Deere released an AI controlled pesticide sprayer a little while
       | back. It's supposed to be _amazing_ :
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEbjcqIuvi0
       | https://www.deere.com/en/sprayers/see-spray-ultimate/
       | 
       | But, am sure having multiple players in the market is a good
       | idea. Yeah, John Deere is obviously a behemoth and may not be as
       | light a nimble as a good startup in advancing this tech! (and
       | hopefully, they wont try to squash out the competition).
        
         | doublerabbit wrote:
         | > John Deere
         | 
         | > pesticide sprayer
         | 
         | Says all about the company.
        
           | CardenB wrote:
           | The sprayer significantly reduces the amount of pesticide
           | needed. It's not crop dusting, it's precision spraying.
        
             | doublerabbit wrote:
             | With chemicals, killing insects, pollution creation and
             | everything else outright environmental dangerous.
             | 
             | Lasers are a MUCH better option. John Deere is not a
             | reputable company when it comes to farming.
        
       | fbn79 wrote:
       | I;m curios how much the AI affect the chemicals usage. I mean,
       | from the video looks like the less chemicals comes mainly from
       | the jet spray system. The AI could limit the jet spray zone, but
       | how much? Is the game worth the candle?
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | The AI is just object recognition. Its not rocket science
         | anymore.
         | 
         | Because you can now identify the weed's location to within
         | 15mm, (down from >5meters) you can use much smaller, moveable
         | sprayers to apply the chemical, rather than just spraying the
         | entire field.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | mfiguiere wrote:
       | Mindblowing that it geo-locates and stores the centimeter scale
       | position of the 4M plants of a farm!
        
         | propogandist wrote:
         | this is likely the SaaS part of the operation, in addition to
         | the large CapEx to get the equipment setup.
        
       | hzhou321 wrote:
       | Nice! If the robots can sustain on solar energy, even better.
        
         | jacobsenscott wrote:
         | That would be great, but I don't think we'll have batteries
         | that can power a tractor for more than a short time on rough
         | and soft terrain anytime soon.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | travisgriggs wrote:
       | The video paid a nice compliment to the "modern farmers." It's
       | the right thing to say in the video.
       | 
       | But I've worked with tech in ag for 10+ years now. There are some
       | motivated/excited early adopters. But there is still a lot of
       | resistance. It generally feels 10-20 years behind. I've worked
       | quite a bit with the very company mentioned in the video. Like
       | any big company, it's made up of all kinds. I'll leave it at
       | that.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | pxue wrote:
       | Just waiting for the day when the robot decides we are also a
       | weed.
        
       | sbf501 wrote:
       | I expected farm-pest-control robots to look more like the ones in
       | the film "Runaway" (1984) than a big laser turret you drag over a
       | field.
        
       | pmarreck wrote:
       | wouldn't it be easier/cheaper to just enclose the whole field in
       | a giant greenhouse with a 100% controllable environment? I mean,
       | I hear many crops are lost every year to things like floods from
       | rainstorms that require pricey insurance coverage, the idea of
       | having a guaranteed crop every year with no unauthorized
       | organisms and perfect lighting and watering and nutrition seems
       | like it would eventually more than make up for the initial
       | construction cost of a giant greenhouse
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | Far too expensive and not remotely close to doable. Greenhouse
         | environments are actually pretty difficult to control. They are
         | very much prone to ventilation problems, pests, mold, and
         | fungi.
        
         | quixoticelixer- wrote:
         | How on earth would that be easier. Do you know how expensive
         | greenhouses are?
        
       | bamboozled wrote:
       | Weeds are the enemy /s
       | 
       | But really, the whole idea of having perfectly manicured fields
       | like that with no sign of any weeds around seems like the real
       | problem to me.
       | 
       | Zero biodiversity...we wonder where the insects are going ?
        
         | nemo wrote:
         | On the one hand, the reason for the decline of the various
         | milkweed butterflies appears largely to be a result of areas
         | that once supported some milkweed populations were hit with
         | glyphosate which killed the host plants off at a massive scale.
         | On the other hand this is already happening with chemicals
         | sprayed indiscriminately, this reduces the amount that's
         | sprayed, which could save farmers money, and this reduces
         | glyphosate runoff which is good. Still seems to have the down
         | side that if actually adopted would likely cause even more loss
         | since it could be used on crops where it's avoided now. And no
         | farmer is going to program it to skip milkweed or some other
         | important host plants, they hate milkweed.
        
         | thwieruo23434 wrote:
         | I'm not surprised you're being downvoted. Us lot in India think
         | the occidental culture is inherently mono-cultural; even with
         | all the DEI stuff, all that is being fostered is phenotypic
         | diversity (the most useless type).
         | 
         | Classical India seems to have had better ways. In an
         | introduction to Dharampal's works (who has written a lot of
         | science in pre-Modern India), Claude Alvares notes how the
         | Dutch, who had reduced the grass species to one or two in their
         | land, had the temerity to advise India, where each backyard
         | has(d) hundreds of species of plant.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B27IBNotwpE
         | 
         | Pity, everything in India too is rapidly devolving to Anglo-
         | American monoculture now :( They (the elites, who are the ones
         | that really count) barely even speak their own languages now.
        
           | temptemptemp111 wrote:
        
         | abstractbill wrote:
         | As the video points out (toward the end), since these robots
         | recognize and work on each individual plant, they are much more
         | able to deal with more biodiversity than our current methods,
         | which can only scale for monocrops.
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | Would be super cool to have an autonomous robot that could
           | get a 'kill list' and destroy every invasive plant in an area
           | while leaving everything else unharmed.
           | 
           | Could be a fantastic diversity-enabling tool.
        
         | throwaway0x7E6 wrote:
         | >Weeds are the enemy
         | 
         | Yes.
         | 
         | >Zero biodiversity
         | 
         | Good.
        
         | jollyllama wrote:
         | Careful usage of cover crops and planting companion plants
         | would be the opposite of that kind of approach. Companion
         | plants will to some degree prevent weeds, generally without
         | competing for the same nutrients as the crop. Usually they're
         | selected based on their ability to attract beneficial insects
         | as well, which function as a form of pest control. This is
         | really only viable at the scale of gardening, but when used
         | effectively, can produce much higher per-area yields.
        
         | Hermitian909 wrote:
         | Having worked a farm for a few summers, my understanding is
         | that we're dealing with the following set of tradeoffs.
         | 
         | 1. If you allow weeds, you'll need to till the soil to maintain
         | yields
         | 
         | 2. If you till the soil you erode it, damaging the the long
         | term health of your farm and water supplies.
         | 
         | 3. If you drop yields globally, people starve (and farmers go
         | out of business)
         | 
         | Since eroding the soil harms biodiversity in a different set of
         | ways, killing weeds seems like the least bad option. Ideally we
         | wouldn't require harsh chemicals to do that but no one has
         | quite figured it out.
        
         | justinator wrote:
         | Maybe it's monocrops that are problematic.
        
           | sidibe wrote:
           | I'm not saying either of you are wrong but the we'll be
           | needing the robots to do it other ways or 10x as many
           | farmers. It takes a ton of labor to deal with weeds and other
           | issues in a more sustainable way
        
             | bamboozled wrote:
             | So I understand this is not realistic currently; However
             | where I currently reside, basically everybody grows their
             | own food, and has plenty of time to be doing other things
             | in the meantime.
             | 
             | So while we all need robots, there are probably a hell of a
             | lot of people who would be able to produce even one crop a
             | year in their backyard, who don't bother.
        
             | jollyllama wrote:
             | We would probably all be much healthier if instead of
             | indirectly subsidizing make-work desk jobs, organic
             | vegetable gardening was subsidized instead.
        
               | quixoticelixer- wrote:
               | That would be bad. We would require much more area for
               | the same output.
        
               | jollyllama wrote:
               | Gardening would have a higher yield per area than
               | farming. The amount of area needed would decrease. Labor
               | needed would increase.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Not really. Gardening the typical garden crops do - but
               | those are high labor which is why we garden them. You
               | could plant wheat in your garden it would be more labor,
               | but your yields would probably be less, or if you are
               | really good the same.
        
               | jollyllama wrote:
               | Most people would be much healthier consuming less
               | soybeans and corn syrup and more garden vegetables.
        
               | quixoticelixer- wrote:
               | Actually we would be better consuming more soybeans. Most
               | of it goes to animal feed.
        
             | tracker1 wrote:
             | No reason the robots won't reach "other ways" at a point
             | either. I think it will take a lot of combinations of
             | solutions over time.
             | 
             | I still think there should be a lot more rotation between
             | general crops, animal grazing and replenishment cycles.
             | "Live" soil is becoming a problem and we keep
             | extracting/killing it faster than it's getting replenished.
             | Not to mention all the pesticide issues.
        
         | zwieback wrote:
         | There's _" no sign of any weeds/zero biodiversity"_ and then
         | there's "target the weeds that would crowd out your crop",
         | which is definitely a problem in my raised beds.
        
         | quixoticelixer- wrote:
         | If you think most current conventional fields have weeds i've
         | got really bad news.
        
         | stubish wrote:
         | If non-productive plants and insects are mixed in, you will
         | need more farmland to produce the same amount of crops. In the
         | bigger picture it would be counter productive.
        
         | blockwriter wrote:
         | I picked up grains from a farm in Dwight, Illinois that makes
         | very limited use of herbicides and pesticides (it seems like
         | oats are all but impossible to grow economically without some
         | use of a weed killing agent). The farmer made the transition
         | for his health and the health of his kids, because he was
         | intuiting that certain health problems were the result of
         | agricultural chemicals. I was struck, walking in their corn
         | field, by the abundance of insects and weeds, and the absence
         | of these quantities in standard ag corn fields struck me as
         | alarming.
        
           | quixoticelixer- wrote:
           | There is a very good reason why the remove weeds. It
           | decreases yeilds and increases contamination by a lot
        
         | throwawaylinux wrote:
         | No sarcasm, it's true. Most insects are the enemy too.
         | 
         | The philosophy behind modern industrial farming is to basically
         | create a chemical holocaust that extinguishes all plant,
         | animal, and fungal life except the crop.
        
       | abledon wrote:
       | I'd love to work in this industry as a developer... coming from
       | web/cloud what would the average interview be like? Is it more
       | leetcode style? or system design? I would only want intermediate
       | developer position at most for starters. What are some projects
       | that would make someone stand out for AgTech Robotics stuff?
        
         | zmix wrote:
         | > What are some projects that would make someone stand out for
         | AgTech Robotics stuff?
         | 
         | I guess, in addition to the typical engineering stuff (AI,
         | robotics, etc.) to work with these companies on startup-level,
         | a passion for agriculture, especially historical agriculture,
         | might be what could set you apart from competition.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | Vision, statistics, flight | ground control, etc.
         | 
         | Eg: A chap I work with has tens of thousands of ANOVA grow
         | plots for seed varieties spread across Western Australian
         | Climatic conditions .. he and various assistants routinely fly
         | multispectral camera drones above plot areas and calibration
         | images.
         | 
         | That's an aquisition, store, normalise, process cycle for a
         | fairly steady data stream.
        
         | melony wrote:
         | Getting in (assuming a typical robotics company/startup) is not
         | that hard, just don't expect to get paid much (relative to most
         | top tier tech compensation). Most of these "fun" fields all
         | either significantly underpay, or are part of subsidiaries like
         | Google X that are next to impossible to get in without
         | exceptional pedigree.
        
         | eschneider wrote:
         | I interviewed with a few companies in that space last year and
         | they were pretty much standard interviews. Some coding tests,
         | take home projects, the usual stuff. If it looks interesting to
         | you, definitely give it a shot.
        
         | discordance wrote:
         | Ag needs crud too
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | Seems like it should hoe each weed instead of spraying it. I
       | guess that's a little harder to do. Maybe a lot harder.
       | 
       | Two other things I thought were interesting in the video. One,
       | the idea of mapping the whole field is pretty cool. There must be
       | useful things you could do with a millimeter-scale 3D map of an
       | entire field. Two, this is happening in California, just a few
       | hours' drive from Silicon Valley. I hope some of the engineers
       | laid off recently find work in ag tech, because there will be
       | huge opportunities coming with the rise of computer vision and
       | (hopefully soon) robotics.
        
         | illys wrote:
         | I saw on one of the illustrations that the spray is made of
         | acetic acid. Pretty natural product, aka vinegar at low
         | concentration.
         | 
         | Well targeted as they seem to do, I guess it is a good product
         | to preserve the soil and wanted plants with no harmful
         | residues.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Vinegar is more toxic to humans than roundup. And you need a
           | lot more of it to be effective.
        
             | illys wrote:
             | Could you develop? Kind of toxicity? As traces in food?
             | Source?
             | 
             | I put vinegar in my salad sauce, I would not dare with
             | glyphosate.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Check the SDS for details, you can easily goggle it,
               | though reading them is harder. You put dilute vinegar on
               | your salad. You don't do that for glyphosate because it
               | doesn't add any flavor, but if you put as much on your
               | salad as you do vinegar it would harmless.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | That's cool, yeah, precise targeting should remove the need
           | for highly toxic herbicide.
        
             | parineum wrote:
             | That seems opposite to me. Precise targeting would allow
             | the use of highly toxic herbicides in minute quantities.
        
               | hackerfromthefu wrote:
               | Do the least harm possible!
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | The reason herbicides have to be highly toxic is that
               | they are sprayed indiscriminately, so only small
               | quantities actually get on the target. Farmers don't
               | _prefer_ highly toxic things. They would prefer to use
               | less toxic things, applied directly in large quantities
               | to the target and not elsewhere.
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | > I saw on one of the illustrations that the spray is made of
           | acetic acid.
           | 
           | The cynic in me wants to point out that this is basically a
           | commerce, so of course they use the best sounding chemical
           | possible. Will they still use that by the time it becomes a
           | commercial product? I guess only time will tell.
        
           | hackerfromthefu wrote:
           | That's really cool, so glad to hear it!
           | 
           | I wonder about the effects of acidification after long term
           | use. Perhaps some alkaline filler can be added to balance.
        
         | aerophilic wrote:
         | For tilling to kill weeds, there actually is one that does
         | that, Farmwise[0].
         | 
         | The challenge with Agtech robots in general is that you need to
         | be able to prove payback, including all operations costs, in
         | ideally 12 months or less on equipment.
         | 
         | This is very hard for most crops because you have to be
         | constantly moving from field to field. However, it is doable
         | and I see it happening soon, starting in specific crops (My
         | company L5 [1] is working this for strawberries).
         | 
         | However, as the price of raw tech inputs (robot arms, compute,
         | cameras) continue to fall, I do see lots of "low hanging fruit"
         | that can be won relatively soon, especially with smart
         | software.
         | 
         | [0] https://farmwise.io/ [1] https://www.l5automation.com/
        
           | dhx wrote:
           | I'm glad you mentioned the economics of automating farms.
           | There are numerous products listed in this thread that only
           | appear to target one crop type and only perform one low cost
           | activity (spraying, weeding, etc) that is done once per
           | growing season (and often once per year).
           | 
           | Automation of day-neutral strawberry picking sounded sensible
           | on first glance to me because harvest occurs over many months
           | of a year (extendable by transporting the robots to another
           | region with different growing seasons) thus robots are not
           | sitting around idle for 95% of the year. Additionally,
           | harvesting strawberries is dangerous work for humans to
           | perform due to repetitive twisting, bending and reaching.
           | 
           | However, looking deeper into the economics of strawberries
           | (using Australia as an example), picking costs are stated to
           | only be 20% of fixed growing costs[1] seemingly amounting to
           | AUD$1.30/plant (USD$0.80-1.00/plant). With a typical density
           | of 40000 plants/hectare, robots appear to only be cost
           | neutral if they can be operated at AUD$52000/hectare
           | (USD$30000-40000/hectare) for picking. This results in, for
           | example, two AUD$26000/year (USD$15000-20000/year) robots
           | assigned per hectare needing to pick at a rate of 2 seconds
           | per plant[2] for 12 hours each every day. With 9 million tons
           | of strawberries produced globally per year, the strawberry
           | harvesting market would be AUD$11bn if Australian labour
           | rates, likely amongst the highest, were the global norm.
           | 
           | Would it be fair to say that farm automation will only become
           | viable if everyone accepts the true cost of growing produce
           | is much higher than current prices. That, for example, wages
           | for farm workers would need to be much higher (doubled or
           | more) to be livable wages and also to compensate for injuries
           | and health risks of farm work and an inability to work in
           | manual labour jobs at older age. In Australia we're seeing
           | many news articles on the topic of "lack of farm workers" so
           | a significant upwards movement in farm worker wages seems
           | possible. Or perhaps strict health and safety regulations
           | introduced to protect farm workers from repetitive injuries
           | would result in wide adoption of farm robotics? Or perhaps it
           | will just be cheap robotics that results in mass uptake of
           | farm robotics?.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2022-06-25/breakdown-
           | of-th...
           | 
           | [2] Per a 2019 example from one of your competitors
           | (https://youtu.be/9cxHYEzMVKQ?t=106) it looks very difficult
           | to pick at a rate of 2 seconds per plant without wastage
           | (e.g. missing obscured berries) but my simple calculations
           | are nonetheless optimistic.
        
         | Wahash-Hominid wrote:
         | Sydney based startup Agerris was doing mechanical weeding 2
         | years ago. Unfortunately they went under about a year ago. You
         | can see their platform in action here:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TR7FAtgZBzk
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | > Seems like it should hoe each weed instead of spraying it.
         | 
         | Huh, I actually thought it was using a laser and the 95%
         | chemicals meant through the entire farming process. In that
         | case it's probably much less than 95% chemical use overall,
         | there's still pesticides and fertilizer to consider, not to
         | mention chemicals used in cleaning and packaging.
         | 
         | I wonder what kind of power you'd need to laser weeds at that
         | speed? Now that I think about it, probably like, a lot. And
         | maybe it'd heat up the surrounding plants too much.
         | 
         | Spraying with that much accuracy is still pretty cool though.
        
         | hydrox24 wrote:
         | Australia's CSIRO has a setup out at Boorowa[0] doing this kind
         | of work. They're doing a lot of traditional research into
         | monitoring and modelling technology, but also doing some neat
         | digital twin style projects.
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.csiro.au/en/work-with-
         | us/industries/agriculture/...
        
         | ajpgrealish wrote:
         | Small Robot Company have a robot called Dick which uses "Non-
         | Chemical Weeding", i.e. they zap the weed to kill it, and it's
         | root. They use other small robots to do the mapping and
         | planting. I really like the idea of small, specialised robots
         | for different tasks.
         | 
         | https://www.smallrobotcompany.com/weed-killing
        
           | busyant wrote:
           | > I really like the idea of small, specialised robots for
           | different tasks
           | 
           | in my experience, this is the best approach. I worked at a
           | few biotechs that did a lot of lab automation.
           | 
           | the robots that could do everything were hardly ever used
           | because they did everything poorly and seemed to be
           | constantly in need of repair.
           | 
           | the robots that could do one simple job were always in use.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | The text "to take place in early 2020" and "AVAILABLE 2021"
           | on that site, in November 2022, does not inspire confidence.
           | 
           | I guess in the near term dozens of specialized robots for
           | each task will be necessary, but the idea I like is teams of
           | general purpose robots using simple tools to perform almost
           | any task "manually". It's too early to implement that now,
           | but I think it will be feasible within my lifetime.
           | 
           | Generality is probably one reason why this robot sprays
           | instead of hoeing. In addition to killing weeds, by changing
           | chemicals this thing can fertilize, and they also mention
           | pollinating and preventing pollination of flowers.
           | (Preventing pollination avoids overburdening some kinds of
           | trees. Currently instead people have to do "thinning" which
           | is simply pulling half of the crop off the tree before it's
           | ripe and throwing it on the ground).
        
           | danielheath wrote:
           | Weed zapping is fascinating - but putting the kind of power
           | electronics required to deliver sufficient voltage in a
           | mobile robot is _terrifying_ from an OHSA perspective.
           | 
           | One group I'm familiar with are using 50kv (and "more than
           | enough" amps) for the purpose.
        
             | taberiand wrote:
             | Maybe this is a false equivalence, but I think industrial
             | scale leaching of poisons into the water supply is more
             | terrifying and anything that can replace that is worth
             | looking into.
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | I see no problem equipping a killer robot with lethal
             | electricity and an AI guidance. It's basically the same as
             | Tesla autopilot beta, no?
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | If there is nobody around when it's powered on, I don't see
             | a problem.
             | 
             | If people have to stay around to care for it, then yes,
             | it's scary.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Farming machines are already rather deadly. They are big,
             | have cutting implements... So it probably wouldn't change
             | that much.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | It's not really. Plenty of people have handheld tasers
             | powered by 9v batteries and plenty of farm equipment can
             | (and does) mangle people not being careful around very
             | dangerous machines.
             | 
             | This is just a misunderstanding of the risks involved in
             | various things.
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | Yeah there are tons of really dangerous things on farms,
               | like Paraquat, or power take-offs. Power doesn't have to
               | be electrical to kill you. Mechanical power will do the
               | job just fine.
        
               | danielheath wrote:
               | I'm well aware that it's far from the only thing that'll
               | kill me on a farm.
               | 
               | That said, comparing a 50Kv shock to a handheld taser
               | (which typically run at 300-500v) makes me think I might
               | not be the one who misunderstands the risks.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | >(which typically run at 300-500v)
               | 
               | You're off by three orders of magnitude. You need about
               | 32 million volts per meter to overcome the resistance of
               | the air. For a gap of a centimeter, it's about a few
               | hundred kilovolts.
               | 
               | And I grew up farming, I'm quite familiar with the
               | dangers.
               | 
               | For example harvesting equipment... the big ones are sort
               | of up to a 30 food wide chainsaw with conveyors and other
               | grabby bits to suck you in. People need to be many meters
               | away from those things while they're running for any
               | sense of safety. A hot spark has nothing on many other
               | dangers and if designed with any sense would only result
               | in severe local burns. Plenty of farm equipment will
               | effortlessly rip a limb off if it doesn't tear your
               | entire body into bite sized chunks.
               | 
               | You know the machines that do that and you don't go near
               | them. When you're the operator you must know where
               | everyone is at all times and know what they mean to do...
               | and be able to communicate with them with a series of
               | gestures, eye contact, short yells, etc. If you don't
               | it's trivially easy to kill your helpers.
        
               | wfme wrote:
               | That 300-500v number is off by about 100x. A handheld
               | taser typically runs at around 20,000 to 150,000 volts.
               | This site lists a few alongside their voltage
               | https://www.thehomesecuritysuperstore.com/blogs/the-home-
               | sec...
        
             | ilyt wrote:
             | Go and see how combine looks and tell me you think
             | otherwise farm machinery is very safe when used wrong.
        
       | crorella wrote:
       | This is very interesting, as a Data Eng, I'd love to see what
       | they are doing with the huge volume of data they collect.
        
       | bjt2n3904 wrote:
       | Taking the ideas of big tech, and applying them to a low tech
       | area is sure to make things better. /s
       | 
       | The tool used to be a pipe and wheels. Now the tool is a five
       | figure contraption with millions of lines of code, hundreds of
       | moving parts, and extremely specific high tech things that aren't
       | easy to replace.
       | 
       | People are drunk on high tech, and have forgotten that simple is
       | good.
        
       | zeckalpha wrote:
       | No mention of biological control and using insects as robots
       | here? That's fine.
        
       | chatterhead wrote:
       | Would very much like to see this kind of tech miniaturized for
       | the use in homesteading. Would be nice to have autonomous
       | cultivation at home. Would make having a lawn useful again.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | "Never been done before, in any field?" Er, no.
       | 
       | * John Deere, has "See and spray".
       | 
       | * Robovator
       | 
       | * Carbon Robotics Laser Weeder
       | 
       | * Ecorobotics solar powered autonomous weeder.
       | 
       | Your choice of chemical, laser, or mechanical weed killing. The
       | first two above are production products.
        
         | krypty28 wrote:
         | It's spelled Ecorobotix (I work there :-)). We have two
         | machines, ARA a mounted-sprayer and AVO the solar powered
         | autonomous weeder you are talking about.
         | 
         | https://ecorobotix.com/en/
         | 
         | Ask me anything ;-)
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | What herbicides do you spray?
           | 
           | How much will Avo cost?
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Anything? :D What does your stack look like? Do you use ROS
           | or something more in-house?
        
             | krypty28 wrote:
             | something more in-house, mostly in C++.
        
         | PoignardAzur wrote:
         | It's funny too look at the difference between the "See and
         | spray" demonstration video and the "Robovator" video. The "See
         | and spray" video feels very corporate, with lots of 3D renders
         | and piano music and marketing actors making awkward jokes. The
         | "Robovator" video is to the point, only shows on-the-field live
         | videos, with no music and barely any flourish, to the point of
         | being incredibly dry.
         | 
         | I wonder which one would work best on farmers. The corporate
         | one feels more polished, but the simpler one feels more honest.
        
       | Jolliness7501 wrote:
       | Chemicals? Do you mean dihydrogen monoxide? Horible stuff.
       | Increase your cancer risc like from 0% to a 100%.
        
       | a_t48 wrote:
       | I worked with the founders of this company, sharp guys. Glad to
       | see they are doing well.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | battery_glasses wrote:
       | When I see stuff like this sometimes I get depressed that I'm
       | building apps that just move little bits of information around
       | the web and don't have any real demonstrable value to the world.
       | 
       | How hard is the jump into the realm of computer
       | vision/AI/robotics for someone with strong skills and experience
       | building web applications? Is the coding much different? Is a
       | company like this employing math/theroy-heavy people to develop
       | new types of AI or are they working higher up the stack and just
       | need people who can pipe data around?
        
         | krosaen wrote:
         | Creator of Django did an ML project last year and has a lot of
         | good insights - general web / programming know-how is really
         | useful for building custom tooling to manage / observe datasets
         | and things like that.
         | 
         | edit: forgot to include link :)
         | 
         | http://www.holovaty.com/writing/machine-learning-thoughts/
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | Positions do all of the above exist. Just depends on the
         | company and where in the stack you are. There's a lot of math
         | and domain expertise on the controls and sensors sides. Most
         | people in any particular company aren't doing those though.
         | There are lots of jobs available for c/c++/Matlab/Python/js.
         | 
         | If you don't want to change what you're doing or using, most
         | modern robotic platforms have a web interface somewhere in them
         | for monitoring the fleet. Any web developer would find their
         | skills perfectly compatible.
        
         | donkeyd wrote:
         | I work at a company doing smart stuff with computers (which
         | some would consider AI) that helps with, among others, the
         | energy transition and getting people across the world
         | broadband. Only about 2 out of 20 devs are actually working on
         | the complicated algorithms. The others are working on the stuff
         | you need to build around it to allow people to actually use the
         | algos. On top of the algos is a pretty complicated web app,
         | which takes most of the actual development time.
         | 
         | So you won't actually have to jump into a whole new career in
         | order to contribute to these types of products. You just have
         | to search for a company that works on a challenge you want to
         | contribute to.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | > How hard is the jump into the realm of computer
         | vision/AI/robotics for someone with strong skills and
         | experience building web applications?
         | 
         | If you are willing to make the jump. It's possible. You have an
         | advantage.
         | 
         | > Is the coding much different?
         | 
         | Not as much as they have marketed you to believe.
         | 
         | > Is a company like this employing math/theroy-heavy people to
         | develop new types of AI or are they working higher up the stack
         | and just need people who can pipe data around?
         | 
         | No. They are not making academic thesis. You'd be surprised how
         | primitive and "basic" many of these companies are (comparing to
         | their marketing videos, which are click/eye baits). You can
         | definitively make a difference there.
         | 
         | Of course, as other comments have mentioned, these companies
         | still need front-end, databases, backend, and you know, normal
         | basic automation scripts like everyone else.
        
           | rubicon33 wrote:
           | I would second this with some anecdata...
           | 
           | I have worked for one of these companies that produces fancy
           | AI based hardware.
           | 
           | Turns out the hardware is made in China and the AI is handled
           | by third parties (amazon, etc.)
           | 
           | Does that mean putting it all together is trivial? Of course
           | not. But it's not as difficult as it might seem from the
           | outside.
        
             | 8n4vidtmkvmk wrote:
             | being the middle man is fun tho. other people do the hard
             | stuff and then you get to combine it into something
             | actually useful!
        
               | rubicon33 wrote:
               | Absolutely. And, a ton of valuable tools can be made.
               | Make no mistake about it!
        
         | thunfischtoast wrote:
         | It's very much possible, the range of skills needed to deploy
         | actual ML-driven applications ranges from web developers, data
         | engineers, ML engineers, Ops guys to data scientists, so pick
         | what you like.
         | 
         | Then again: Speaking from experience, most uses cases for ML
         | are not fancy, world-saving new approaches like the one in the
         | video but revolve around quite mundane applications and tasks
         | like "how to make users click on this add", "how much will we
         | sell next month", "can we automate the creation of thix Excel-
         | file" etc., so pick your company carefully
        
         | asp_hornet wrote:
         | good engineers and good companies both know good engineering
         | skills transcend technology and domain. switching is very much
         | possible.
        
         | amacneil wrote:
         | It's a common misconception that you need a ML or robotics PhD
         | to work in the field. There are plenty of frontend & backend
         | web engineering, data engineering, and infrastructure/devops
         | roles available at robotics companies - you don't need to be a
         | domain expert.
         | 
         | For example, at Foxglove[0] we are building open source web-
         | based visualization and data management for robotics (shameless
         | plug: currently hiring).
         | 
         | [0] https://foxglove.dev/
        
           | pabs3 wrote:
           | You might want to post your open positions on FOSSjobs and or
           | add your company to the wiki:
           | 
           | https://www.fossjobs.net/
           | https://github.com/fossjobs/fossjobs/wiki/resources
        
         | thebruce87m wrote:
         | I work in the embedded field, and have literally done the same
         | application as the video.
         | 
         | We have a mixed team, including mechanical engineers, web
         | developers, electronics guys, embedded software guys.
         | 
         | We do have ML people for custom networks but most of it is
         | object detection/ classification which is a solved path and
         | just needs data management.
         | 
         | We've done lots of cool ML applications, but many of them need
         | management systems too so that's where web apps come in.
         | 
         | You could definitely fill a position in a small company like
         | mine and upskill / sideskill in time.
         | 
         | We're based in Scotland but do have remote workers in other
         | countries.
        
         | joshvm wrote:
         | Robotics is a big field and encompasses a huge range of things.
         | Similarly a lot of computer vision is pretty technical,
         | particularly for robotics applications. Have a look at ROS and
         | play around, you can simulate a lot of stuff. I'd also suggest
         | Nvidia's Jetbot but the chip shortage has killed it.
         | 
         | AI-wise, nowadays model training stacks are practically
         | codeless. Training a state of the art model on custom data
         | usually boils down to changing some parameters in a config
         | file, plus some boilerplate code. Not always that easy of
         | course, but training an image classifier today can be a single
         | line of Python.
         | 
         | It's not so much piping data around but dealing with datasets
         | in any kind of non-trivial problem is where the hard work is.
         | Neural nets are just another tool for most data scientists. For
         | example exploring Kaggle will get you familiar with weird
         | datasets, but actually collecting, arranging for data to be
         | labelled, and then cleaning it is a skill on its own.
         | 
         | That's usually where experience comes in. Hence there are a lot
         | of startups charging frankly obscene amounts of money for data
         | labelling and curation tools.
        
       | z9znz wrote:
       | Technically this is very cool. But it is ultimately trying to
       | improve a horse and buggy rather than developing a spacecraft.
       | 
       | The future will be something like, or at least based on, vertical
       | self-contained (almost completely closed systems) automated
       | farms.
       | 
       | The best hope we have for solving food needs AND climate problems
       | is to let as much earth as possible go wild, and reduce and
       | optimize our footprint. Actually that's not correct - the best
       | hope we have is to allow human population growth to go negative
       | and also do smarter things.
        
         | krzat wrote:
         | Plants need energy to grow, and the easiest way of providing
         | that energy is direct sunlight. Which means that vertical won't
         | work too well.
         | 
         | I suppose if you wanted be really space efficient, you could
         | use nuclear energy to cultivate yeast.
        
           | z9znz wrote:
           | In much of the developed world, solar energy doesn't come
           | from directly above, it comes from a much lower angle.
           | Trapezoidal shaped buildings can collect a great deal of
           | direct sunlight. And further, with reflectors it's possible
           | to direct and concentrate this where it is most needed.
        
         | BiteCode_dev wrote:
         | Unless you can recreate the astonishing diversity of of a
         | regular ecosystem in a box, I don't want this spacecraft.
         | 
         | Fruits and vegetable taste is already steadily decreasing and I
         | have more and more trouble sourcing something decent despite
         | having way more budget.
         | 
         | I also assume that, like everything with complex systems, we
         | are missing the forest for the tree and we will discover tons
         | of health issues related to this in the future.
        
         | klabb3 wrote:
         | > But it is ultimately trying to improve a horse and buggy
         | rather than developing a spacecraft.
         | 
         | First, you're underselling it. 95% less pesticides is huge. If
         | that's economically viable we're a LOT better off. I have my
         | doubts since it's clearly a PR video, but still.
         | 
         | Secondly, the analogy falls short. The goal of horses and cars
         | is transportation of goods and people, which is easy to measure
         | and cost. Agriculture is about utilizing immensely complicated
         | biological systems to deliver nutrition to people. We don't
         | know everything about nutrition, let alone everything that
         | contributes to making nutritious food. That's why we always
         | look for minimal modifications to biological systems in order
         | to tweak it to our liking. The same is true for say medicine;
         | we don't design an artificial organ if we can avoid it, we
         | usually aim for something like a simple chemical compound that
         | triggers an existing response that helps the organ function
         | normally, as defined by our existing biology. We may be quite
         | advanced species, but biology is not exactly something we
         | master.
         | 
         | > vertical self-contained (almost completely closed systems)
         | 
         | Well, sounds more convenient for humans, that's true. But if
         | you take nutrition out of the system you have to replace it
         | with something, which I don't think we've figured out.
        
           | z9znz wrote:
           | Reducing pesticide use is a big deal. But that is a small
           | issue compared to the bigger problem, which as you point out
           | is nutrition.
           | 
           | Crop densities have been increasing dramatically over the
           | last few decades, well beyond what natural soil systems can
           | handle. Consequently, fertilizer use has increased
           | dramatically. Our soils are just nearly dead as the factory
           | monoculture farming has sucked everything out that it can
           | (and killed a lot of important things it needed).
           | 
           | This current advancement (TFA) is just a bandaid, or paving a
           | crack in the road. Perhaps a better analogy is that this is
           | paving a crack in the road when we should be designing a
           | whole new transportation system to meet our current and
           | future needs.
           | 
           | Most of this agriculture is owned by a few huge companies.
           | They are not interested in large systemic changes as those
           | cost capital. They would much rather optimize what they have,
           | even if the cliff is visible in the distance. Beyond one
           | earnings quarter or perhaps a CEO's tenure, they don't care.
           | As long as they are not standing on the cliff today, you
           | cannot expect real (beneficial) changes.
           | 
           | As for replacing nutrition, this needs more research. But
           | there are aquaponic systems which seem promising and enable a
           | much more closed loop with vastly less waste.
           | 
           | Oh speaking of waste, I didn't even mention water yet.
           | Current farming systems use water like it will never go away
           | (and is free), but we know it's a problem now and presents
           | its own absolute cliff in the near future.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | I'm not convinced vertical systems will every be very economic.
         | It's much cheaper to just stick some seeds in a field than
         | build some high tech building. Re letting the earth go wild,
         | replacing regular meat with artificial would go a long way - a
         | lot of the land is used to feed animals we eat.
        
           | z9znz wrote:
           | You can't just stick seeds in a field if you lack water or
           | your soil is already dead from overfarming. These are issues
           | we face already, and they are only getting worse.
           | 
           | The water shortages are going to be our first impasse,
           | because there's no remedy. Current farming uses vast amounts
           | of water, much of which leaves the area due to evaporation.
           | This leads to rapid desertification of regions, and then
           | traditional farming becomes absolutely impossible (without
           | lengthy restoration beforehand).
           | 
           | Reducing meat consumption definitely makes the problems less
           | immediate, but so far it doesn't seem like we will be able to
           | reduce that consumption. So I wouldn't count this as any near
           | term solution.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | Well, traditional farming's gone on for thousands of years.
             | The water goes to the sea, comes back as rain and things go
             | on. I'm not convinced there's much of a crisis overall.
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | > The future will be something like, or at least based on,
         | vertical self-contained (almost completely closed systems)
         | automated farms.
         | 
         | nope.
         | 
         | because vertical farms require a fucktonne of power and
         | infrastructure. Moreover they are only really useful for
         | certain types of crops (ie salad)
         | 
         | Your stables (rice, cereals and root crops) don't work well in
         | vertical farms.
         | 
         | What you're actually trying to make is a greenhouse, and the
         | dutch have solved that pretty much already (apart from the
         | massive monoculture bit)
         | 
         | I suspect the future is actually in dense mixed crop fields. If
         | tilling, cropping and tending can be automated then making sure
         | a plant grows in it's allotted space become simple and cheap.
         | It reduces the risk of total crop wipeout, can keep a field
         | productive all year, _and_ if done properly can improve soil
         | quality.
        
           | z9znz wrote:
           | If we want to talk about ideal, then the "food forest"
           | concept is about as ideal as it gets. Once built, assuming
           | your local climate doesn't shift radically (difficult
           | assumption now), you can get a lot of edible material out of
           | a relatively small space with remarkably little human
           | intervention.
           | 
           | Ideally we would work to develop food forests everywhere in
           | and around our population centers. However, that's much
           | harder for a multinational company to make money doing, so
           | it's not going to happen. Likewise, with city land becoming
           | increasingly expensive, reverting blocks or spaces to be used
           | to develop food forests is not likely.
           | 
           | Maybe our best bet is to learn how to eat money.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | chillitom wrote:
       | fewer ;-)
        
         | JohnDoe124 wrote:
         | Is 'chemicals' not an uncountable noun in this context though?
         | It's not talking about fewer individual chemicals, just a
         | smaller quantity of 'chemicals'.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Chemicals are maybe the smallest cost of agriculture. Used to be
       | < $10/acre. Costs for equipment and labor >>
       | 
       | So saving even 95% is maybe not a compelling economical argument
       | to use this.
        
         | Arn_Thor wrote:
         | The environmental argument is huge, though. And there must be
         | some monetary value in being able to sell your product as X%
         | more environmentally friendly?
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | The private farmer is operating on thin margins. They are
           | ecologists to be sure; their soil is their life.
           | 
           | But no, not just to get some enviro-theatre stamp, they'll
           | pay $0 for that.
           | 
           | And there's a lot of FUD about ag chemicals. Check rivers -
           | the chemical problems are downstream from cities, where an
           | urban dweller can dump as much whatever on their lawn as they
           | like (and they do). While ag is restricted and regulated.
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | Well not quite.
         | 
         | resistance is a massive problem, so you need to spray more.
         | 
         | But that kills off the soil, so you need to put more fertiliser
         | in.
         | 
         | But that means you get weeds, so you need to nuke the field,
         | which means the soil blows away, which means you need more
         | fertiliser....
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | That's the enviro-theatre anyway.
           | 
           | Folks in the midwest largely use no-till single-application
           | processes. Which prevents weeds from even starting.
        
       | lawrenceyan wrote:
       | Given the computer vision component is the hard part, why stick
       | with traditional pesticides? Is there any limitation stopping
       | lasers from being viable?
        
         | rbabich wrote:
         | A graphic in the middle of the video suggested that the
         | herbicide being used (in one particular case) was acetic acid,
         | i.e. vinegar.
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | Lasers would require massive amounts of energy for this
         | application
        
       | Philip-J-Fry wrote:
       | The agriculture tech industry seems like a really fun and
       | rewarding place to be. I can't wait to see what happens in the
       | future. Would love a job like that.
        
       | yayitswei wrote:
       | Title should be "Sniper robot treats 500k plants per hour with
       | 95% less chemicals". That additional word gives a lot more
       | context.
        
       | vavooom wrote:
       | Fascinating use of modern computer vision techniques equipped
       | with modern robotics. Challenge of course is scale and getting
       | farms to integrate such features into pre-existing processes over
       | time.
        
       | thesausageking wrote:
       | I'm fascinated by Freethink, the company that creates videos like
       | this for tech companies. Has anyone worked with this or similar
       | companies? How much does it cost and how was your experience?
       | 
       | https://www.freethink.com/about/for-brands
        
         | shellfishgene wrote:
         | The video was a little frustrating as it never actually
         | explains how the robot works...
        
       | jdkee wrote:
       | Not sure why they use chemicals instead of a mechanical hand that
       | simply grasps and unroots the weed.
        
         | quixoticelixer- wrote:
         | It's much easier and much much faster and more effective to use
         | chemicals.
        
       | lchengify wrote:
       | There's another company called Carbon Robotics that uses lasers
       | instead of weedkiller.
       | 
       | The attachment they built needed a custom cooling rig to deal
       | with the dozens of lasers. Super interesting engineering going on
       | with agtech.
       | 
       | https://www.freethink.com/robots-ai/farming-robot
        
         | chris_va wrote:
         | Hm, why lasers?
         | 
         | Seems like a phased array microwave would be cheaper, require
         | no moving parts, and be able to target the root system ... and
         | be less of a safety risk.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | I suspect the precision wouldn't be high enough, resulting in
           | a lot of dead produce?
        
       | mastazi wrote:
       | This is an improvement within the current paradigm of "big ag",
       | but IMHO tech is opening the possibility of a completely
       | different way of doing things. For example, this comment which is
       | below the linked video imagines a robot-maintained food forest, I
       | think it's on point because I, too, believe that the future is
       | swarms of small robots rather than a few big tractors:
       | 
       | > Imagine, a few years down the line, applying these principles
       | to maintaining an edible polyculture ecosystem-farm. Not
       | necessarily a big machine going through a flat field, but small
       | drones tending to trees, vines, herbs, plants, pollinators and
       | water features all in the location that is best for them based on
       | local features. It could micromanage weeding and harvesting, but
       | also composting, planting, grafting and nurturing keystone
       | species and rare species while avoiding pesticide, nitrogen
       | imbalance and soil compaction. A productive farm could look like
       | the garden of Eden.
        
         | worldsayshi wrote:
         | I feel like what you're describing is still in the realm of sci
         | fi because of limitations in robot autonomy that we have
         | expected to break through many times without success. If we
         | succeed with autonomous driving we will probably succeed in
         | these domains as well. As well as many other domains.
        
           | Ancalagon wrote:
           | Also I think maintenance of 1000 tiny drones is going to be a
           | lot more difficult than that of one big tractor
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Taking real life analogy of probably similar complexity
             | scenario. Would you prefer to maintain 1 very big photo
             | copier. Or 100 distributed desktop printers...
        
             | ForrestN wrote:
             | This isn't intuitive to me. If one big tractor has a
             | failure, the whole operation shuts down. If 1/1000 drones
             | breaks, swap in a spare and move it to some kind
             | (potentially automate-able) repair area. If the ideal
             | number of drones is 1000 operationally, you just need to
             | figure out how much of a margin of extra reserves you need
             | to keep things operating. But even with a .1% lower
             | capacity, you'd probably not notice anything, especially
             | compared with 100% lower capacity.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | Imagine the difference between manually replacing 1
               | bearing or charging 1 battery and 1000.
               | 
               | The only reason you think it's easy is because you ignore
               | the number and just imagine doing it once anyway.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I'd rather replace 10,000 AAA batteries than a single
               | battery that's as big as 10,000 AAA batteries.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The one big battery is easier and faster - in large part
               | because you can't lift that yourself so you have machines
               | to do the work for you. For AAA you could design the same
               | machine, but odds are you didn't.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | If I had to replace 10k batteries, I'd probably make (or
               | buy) a machine for that too. However, even replacing 10k
               | batteries by hand probably costs less in employee hours
               | than a single one-off machine for either example.
               | 
               | (40 hours / 10,000 batteries = 14.4 seconds per battery;
               | USA minimum wage = $7.25/h = $290 per 40h week, about the
               | same as the cheapest hydraulic lift I saw on
               | machinemart.co.uk at current exchange rates, but I'm not
               | a mechanic so I don't know if that would be the right
               | tool for the job anyway).
               | 
               | And of course, the same applies if we really had drone
               | swarms -- anything like this would be automated, up to
               | and including full disassembly of damaged units so their
               | parts could be reused for new units, e.g.
               | https://youtu.be/pDZdnbI0MAc
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | Also the scaling isn't linear. A bus that transports 100
               | people doesn't burn nearly as much fuel as 100 scooters.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | I think the worry is that with 1,000 drones, if you have
               | 10 breaking daily, that's probably a full-time job for
               | someone to be repairing them, especially if they have to
               | go out retrieving them.
               | 
               | One big tractor isn't a full-time job's worth of
               | maintenance.
        
               | ForrestN wrote:
               | I guess I don't really understand your assumptions. Why
               | would 1 massive machine capable of doing all the various
               | tasks of managing this farm require less maintenance than
               | 1000 presumably much simpler, smaller machines? Assuming
               | other things besides mobility break, I don't think
               | retrieval would be much more of an issue, or that we'd
               | have reason to expect the failure rate to be higher for
               | each smaller, simpler drone than for the giant, super-
               | complex one. To get the same work done, the behemoth
               | would have to move much faster, have many more specialize
               | tools and sensors all in the same rig, and would not be
               | swappable for regular maintenance without pausing the
               | entire workflow. Small drones could go back to base in
               | shifts (again with some margin of extra drones) so that
               | there are always 1000 actively working.
        
               | Ancalagon wrote:
               | I did not assume the smaller drones would be simpler than
               | the tractor. In fact I'd expect them to be similarly if
               | not more complex.
        
               | lstodd wrote:
               | More complex for sure. If you watched the video, there's
               | still a tractor. And instead of a simple plastic tank, it
               | hauls a shitton of electronics.
               | 
               | Now, the video is shot in a shiny nice weather day. Now
               | imagine how would it perform if it's raining since last
               | Tuesday.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | elihu wrote:
               | On large scales, it's more like you have a hundred big
               | tractors and if one of them breaks down the whole
               | operation keeps going because there are 99 big tractors
               | left. The question then becomes: how much maintenance do
               | you have to do per ton of food produced? A swarm of small
               | robots have a lot more parts than a large tractor that
               | does the same amount of work.
               | 
               | There's also energy costs to consider; does a drone swarm
               | use more or less energy than a large tractor for the same
               | result? I'm not sure what the answer is there, and I
               | suppose it depends quite a bit on what kind of work is
               | being done.
        
               | ForrestN wrote:
               | I guess it's true that the originally propose 1000 is an
               | arbitrary number, and it would take some experimentation
               | and work to figure out the ideal number of robots per
               | acre to optimize whatever you care about most (yield,
               | power consumption, maintenance costs being obvious
               | contenders). But I think it's easy to say that literally
               | _one_ giant robot covering an entire edible forest is
               | obviously going to be more inefficient and troublesome
               | than a swarm of some size.
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | > But I think it's easy to say that literally one giant
               | robot covering an entire edible forest is obviously going
               | to be more inefficient and troublesome than a swarm of
               | some size.
               | 
               | Yeah, nobody suggested that we have building size
               | tractors so I don't know what you're arguing.
               | 
               | They were talking about "current farming machine sized
               | ones" vs "a drone with some crap attached"
        
               | luqtas wrote:
               | and there is the problem of having too much variety on
               | crops and people wanting meat, basically...
               | 
               | farms are pretty automated these days, maybe 100% when
               | tractors can self-repair; which maybe is not _that_ far
               | away... because some already give reports of what went
               | wrong to the central
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | Big tractor isn't more complex than smaller machines.
               | It's just bigger. So you're essentially having 1000x the
               | failure rate.
               | 
               | Big farm will also have more than one machine and the
               | "downtime" will be mostly scheduled maintenance, very
               | little chance of your equipment just deciding to not work
               | today. In case of many smaller farms, well, you can ask
               | the neighbour... from what I remember from living in
               | small village with many farmers "harvest" was often few
               | farms pooling their resources and doing all the fields
               | together, instead of each doing their own.
        
               | birdyrooster wrote:
               | this is like the monolithic vs microservices debate and i
               | love it
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | > If we succeed with autonomous driving ....
           | 
           | 'We' have already succeeded in autonomous driving in
           | agricultural and mining domains - these are much simpler,
           | more tightly controlled and less liability prone than open
           | highways and suburban backstreets.
           | 
           | eg:
           | 
           | > We run more than 130 autonomous trucks, part of our
           | Autonomous Haulage System, across our Iron Ore operations.
           | The trucks are operated by a supervisory system and a central
           | controller, rather than a driver. The system uses pre-defined
           | GPS courses to automatically navigate haul roads and
           | intersections and knows actual locations, speeds and
           | directions of all vehicles at all times.
           | 
           | > In 2018, each truck was estimated to have operated on
           | average 700 hours more than conventional haul trucks, with
           | 15% lower costs - delivering clear productivity benefits.
           | They also take truck operators out of harm's way, reducing
           | the risks associated with working around heavy machinery.
           | 
           | - https://www.riotinto.com/en/about/innovation/automation
        
             | conviencefee999 wrote:
             | Ehhh really haven't. While you could argue farming is
             | different due to it being more constricted, it really isn't
             | and well unlike driving, this has a size constraint which
             | has and likely will not be solved for in the near or
             | distant future. It's complicated and might not be solvable.
             | And well the current advancements while they seem nice
             | aren't very useful. I know individuals who work in this
             | sphere specifically and there are several problems alone
             | with basic things such as sensors which are not adequate
             | enough, if anyone attempts to solve this problem in the
             | next decade I'd believe them to be the next theranos.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Working for John Deere I can tell you that we are
               | attempting to solve the problems right now. I can't speak
               | for the company, but that we are working on it is public
               | knowledge.
        
               | deelowe wrote:
               | Don't leave me hanging. What is the constraint that is
               | unlikely to be solved?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | My educated guess is detecting humans/children in places
               | where they shouldn't be. Sending a tractor across a field
               | controlling everything is easy - tractors have been doing
               | this for more than 25 years. Detecting something that
               | shouldn't be there and not killing it is hard, which is
               | why all tractors that do this have some form of sensor to
               | ensure someone is in the tractor. There are a few other
               | issues similar to the above.
               | 
               | I work for John Deere, I can't speak for the company.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | > And well the current advancements while they seem nice
               | aren't very useful.
               | 
               | Current advancements already allow tractors to go
               | autonomously go over the bulk of the same _large_ areas
               | of ground that they have for the past decade (already
               | logged and recorded), graceful fallback alerts remote
               | farmer to make a human decision re: tree falls, new
               | rocks, unexpected gear state changes.
               | 
               | These _are_ useful advancements in machine control.
               | 
               | These developments have locally run in parallel with the
               | above linked Rio Tinto work here in W.Australia - it's a
               | pity the largest mining operation on the globe has
               | imagined its work to be productive and useful and allowed
               | its cost analysis to sway its thinking lacking your
               | insight to the contrary.
        
           | joshspankit wrote:
           | Did you know that natural swarm dynamics completely baffled
           | us up until a few years ago: How do birds communicate well
           | enough to stay on a group? How do they know which direcion to
           | go? How does it look like a singular consciousness is
           | undulating through hundreds or thousands of individuals? We
           | marvelled and were dumbfounded.
           | 
           | But we had made it so much more complicated because we
           | couldn't see the few simple rules that each of them were
           | following.
           | 
           | Honestly, I think robot swarms will be simpler than large
           | singles.
        
             | ilyt wrote:
             | All the complexity in farming is in getting the view on the
             | small fraction of the area and applying treatment (water,
             | fertilizer, removing weeds etc) into that area.
             | 
             | The "swarm" is meaningless there. Each node need to have
             | minimum amount of sensing and computation to handle that
             | job.
             | 
             | It's also at worst "a sloped square" so there is no "swarm
             | mechanic" to move around, just zigzag around the field.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | > _But we had made it so much more complicated because we
             | couldn't see the few simple rules that each of them were
             | following._
             | 
             | I hope you don't mean "Boids" and the three-four simple
             | rules, because that's just an approximation of a swarm
             | behavior made _for artistic purposes_ - i.e. the result is
             | supposed to pass as a flock of birds or a school of fish to
             | casual onlookers (e.g. gamers, audience of a movie), and
             | not to be accurate to the real thing.
        
               | ablob wrote:
               | Even if it were "Boids", I don't think it worsens the
               | argument by a lot. The essence of the statement is that
               | complex behavior can emerge from a simple ruleset.
               | 
               | I'd like to add, that while individual behavior is
               | difficult to predict, a general motion prediction can be
               | much easier. (Think shepherds, for example)
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | I keep saying I want a laser on a turret that zaps cabbage
         | moths, snails, japanese beetles, squash bugs. Do I _need_ it?
         | No... but it would reduce my labor and losses while increasing
         | profit.
         | 
         | There's so much opportunity for improvement, but we need the
         | R&D money and start-ups to be there too. Please, VCs, spend
         | your money on these projects!
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | Yes, the current ways of doing intensive farming are hard on
         | the land and ultimately very wasteful. If you look at the
         | progress in pesticide free organic farming and indoor/vertical
         | farming, what they have in common is that they leverage a more
         | data driven approach where you simply don't need to pre-
         | emptively correct problems if you can manage the environment in
         | which you grow plants better. Avoiding the conditions that
         | cause pests and weeds to get out control is much more efficient
         | than dealing with them after things get out of control.
         | 
         | Basically, intensive agriculture is compensating for its
         | destructive nature by just brutally suppressing any
         | "undesirable" growth. In nature, pests target the weaker
         | plants. Basically, you stress out plants by mismanaging them
         | and they are fair game for a wide range of fungi, insects, etc.
         | E.g. under or over watering them, depleting the soil, etc. all
         | stress plants out. If you have unhealthy soil, it's hard to
         | have healthy plants growing in it.
         | 
         | Intensive agriculture starts with disrupting the soil (by
         | plowing it). This causes the soil to degrade over time and
         | releases captured carbon into the atmosphere. The natural
         | response is for aggressive weeds to start growing in disrupted
         | soil. To "fix" this, farmers use a mix of pesticides and
         | fertilizers. The pesticides kill a lot more than just the pests
         | and weeds and then further degrades the soil and the bio
         | diversity in and on it. And finally the fertilizer is just
         | bleeding out of the land straight into the ground water and
         | surrounding areas. It works but it is resource intensive. You
         | need lots of water, chemicals, energy, etc to grow a single
         | crop at the cost of literally anything else. Basically modern
         | intensive farming grows mono cultures on top of artificially
         | created deserts.
         | 
         | Organic farming avoids doing that. Try not to disrupt the soil.
         | Kill off (and compost) weaker plants rather than trying to
         | rescue them. Use nature to keep pests and weeds in check. Etc.
         | It works but it is more labor intensive. You need people to
         | look after things. You get healthier and tastier produce (cooks
         | love organically grown stuff for this reason). However,
         | automating that labor makes it more scalable. That's the
         | opportunity here.
        
           | madacol wrote:
           | > If you look at the progress in pesticide free organic
           | farming and indoor/vertical farming
           | 
           | By what measure is vertical farming more efficient?. I've
           | heard the contrary regarding green house gas emissions, it is
           | still less efficient in most crops, it consumes too much
           | power and that overcompensates any efficiency gained in other
           | areas
           | 
           | It's interesting that this conclusion can change drastically
           | if electricity becomes 10-100x more efficient
        
             | jillesvangurp wrote:
             | I don't know what you've heard and where you've heard it
             | but there is generally a lot of misinformation floating
             | around and most of it is being sponsored by lobbies with an
             | agenda to keep the oil and gas companies going. So, I would
             | suggest not taking any of that at face value. Including
             | what you hear in threads like this or from me.
             | 
             | Vertical farms are essentially closed systems where
             | nutrients, energy and some water goes in and produce comes
             | out. There's a bit more to it of course but that's the
             | general idea. They are climate controlled environments
             | where light is provided via grow lights. In short, it uses
             | energy which needs to come from somewhere.
             | 
             | You are confusing power requirements and greenhouse gases.
             | Mostly these things use some form of sustainable power.
             | Either sourced indirectly via some electricity provider; or
             | directly with e.g. solar panels. If you think about it, the
             | number one expensive consumable here is electricity and the
             | cheapest way to produce it is via renewables. It's that
             | simple. Why would you get more expensive energy if you can
             | get it cheaper. Keeping all those ACs, lights, pumps, etc.
             | going you are going to have to figure that one out or deal
             | with competition that is smarter than you on that front.
             | 
             | There are probably a few farms that are forced to buy via
             | the grid and are hopelessly dependent on their local coal
             | burning monopolists. Not a great business plan but the good
             | news is that coal is rapidly becoming a very unfashionable
             | way to produce power due to the fact that it is expensive
             | and dirty. It being expensive cuts down on energy margins
             | and causes coal dependent producers to be dealing with
             | awkward things like going bankrupt and being forced to pay
             | more for their coal than they can charge for the resulting
             | energy when wind is blowing and the sun is shining. Gas has
             | similar issues, as people that pay gas bills these days can
             | vouch for. Mine went up by 2x recently. Not great.
        
         | dools wrote:
         | That's what farmbot is going for
        
         | _aavaa_ wrote:
         | Next up, swarms of robot bees to do the pollination:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hated_in_the_Nation
        
           | conviencefee999 wrote:
           | Ironically this is actually one of the bigger problems to
           | solve for in the generation and is one that has not been
           | solved for.
        
             | _aavaa_ wrote:
             | I don't think there's any irony in it. That's exactly why
             | they were used in the show.
        
             | quixoticelixer- wrote:
             | This is not one of the bigger problems to solve for our
             | generation. European honey bees are not going anywhere.
        
               | conviencefee999 wrote:
               | No it has more to do with creating robots at this size
               | that can take and complete complex tasks not the honey
               | bees.
        
         | robotresearcher wrote:
         | > the future is swarms of small robots
         | 
         | A key problem with small autonomous robots is their energy
         | supply and mass. Batteries have low energy density. Actuators
         | have bad power to weight ratios too. Living things are
         | enormously more efficient. So much so that the intuition
         | apparently offered by watching animals usually does not apply.
         | 
         | This is extremely true for swarm robotics, inspired by ants,
         | termites, etc. Swarm critters rely on the emergent effects of
         | lots of behavior to make up for their limited sensing and
         | computation. By 'limited' I mean relative to a mammal or bird.
         | Lots of behavior means lots of energy spent moving and doing:
         | exactly what is prohibitively expensive for a robot.
         | 
         | Computation and sensing is getting better, smaller and cheaper
         | much faster than batteries and actuators. This trend favors
         | smarter robots that think carefully (cheap) and do the right
         | thing (expensive per shot).
        
           | Haga wrote:
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | The problem is that swarms of robots can be used for
           | destructive purposes. There, the amount of energy expended
           | and the loss of some drones is no match for the destruction
           | caused. Not to mention all those decentralized self healing
           | swarms are totally resistant to the conventional "destroy the
           | Borg queen" nonsense trope of so many alien movies. (Yes I
           | specifically mentioned the Borg queen because it was the
           | moment Trek nerfed the Borg's greatest strength and became
           | like all the other denoument alien action flick franchises)
        
             | psychoslave wrote:
             | >The problem is that swarms of robots can be used for
             | destructive purposes.
             | 
             | Well, toxic chemical agents can also be used as weapon on
             | human civil, and -- sadly -- it was actually used that way.
             | Plus even when you use them for farming, you still have
             | pollution that will erode biodiversity, human health, and
             | other sustainable environment negative impacts.
             | 
             | Not to say that robot swarm is necessarily a perfect green
             | solution. You still have to build them and feed them with
             | energy, so even if the robot would be exempt of undesirable
             | side effect on local operational site, the global impact
             | would most likely include plants in their lifecycle.
        
           | jay_kyburz wrote:
           | Yeah, instead of a swarm you could have one gigantic arm that
           | can reach anywhere.
        
             | sshine wrote:
             | This could simultaneously absolve the need for autonomous
             | vehicles, because whenever you need to go somewhere, you
             | could just make the giant arm put you there.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | That's called a train. It's great. You can read a book
               | while you are transported, it uses very little power to
               | get you there, it can be 0 emission, there are no traffic
               | jams. Sadly it's not fashionable cause you can't show off
               | how wealthy you are by using it.
        
               | dangerlibrary wrote:
               | > There are no traffic jams
               | 
               | In the US, most tracks prioritize freight traffic over
               | passenger rail. And there is a tremendous amount of
               | freight traffic. There may not often be traffic jams, but
               | when you are diverted to side track to wait and allow a
               | priority freight train through, it's not uncommon to wait
               | a very long time (I've been delayed more than an hour on
               | the 3 hour train ride from Portland to Seattle).
               | 
               | There are also huge bottlenecks in US track
               | infrastructure that absolutely do lead to traffic jams -
               | perhaps most infamously in New York City. Vetoing the
               | addition of 6 additional tracks through NYC is one of the
               | reason Chris Christie was so hated.
        
               | sshine wrote:
               | I occasionally take the train because I like the
               | atmosphere.
               | 
               | In Europe, taking the train is often more expensive than
               | flying.
               | 
               | Sadly it's not fashionable because it isn't cheaper and
               | takes a lot longer.
        
               | Apanatshka wrote:
               | That's because trains get taxed, while flights _still_
               | get subsidised. It's maddening.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | It's faster than flights on short (<3 hour) routes
               | because you don't have the whole security theatre thing.
               | Also train stations are in the city center usually and
               | airports are in the outskirts.
        
               | psychoslave wrote:
               | On more actual security concerns side, you will have a
               | hard time hijacking a train and jet into the side of a
               | skyscraper.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | The far more common scenario - a bomb in a bag - is very
               | devastating in closed spaces such as trains and buses.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | Nobody does it in trains/buses, cause it's much more
               | efficient to do it at the train/bus station. Or any other
               | place where people queue.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | It's happened dozens of times in my country - I've lost
               | schoolmates (not personal friends) in bus bombings.
        
               | itronitron wrote:
               | Why not both? You could have each train actually be an
               | array of arms that reach out and pick people up and move
               | them along their route. The arms wouldn't have to be as
               | long since the train is moving along the rail, and a
               | select number of arms could be reserved for first class
               | passengers.
        
               | borispavlovic wrote:
               | First class wagons are used exactly for that, to show the
               | wealth.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | Not really. I often take 1st class because 2nd class is
               | full and I'd have to stand for 2 hours and the difference
               | is 5-10 USD.
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | Sure you can
               | 
               | https://www.amtrak.com/privately-owned-rail-cars
               | 
               | There was even some hn post on it where someone detailed
               | how much it costs and what you get
        
             | robotresearcher wrote:
             | Gigantic arms are not feasible because of how torque and
             | leverage work.
             | 
             | As your arm gets longer, it has to get stronger, thus
             | heavier, thus requiring larger motors, and anchored to the
             | ground better. After a handful of meters, robot arms can't
             | hold themselves up, let alone carry a useful tool.
             | 
             | There are multiple meter long robot arms for lifting big
             | things in factories but they are enormous, enormously
             | expensive, and consume enormous power.
             | 
             | But here's a delightful concept that sidesteps this, by
             | making the arm weigh nothing:
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/INTHRNcyW9w
        
           | limaoscarjuliet wrote:
           | Plus maintenance on large number of things is a b*tch.
           | 
           | My better half owns a small hotel with 19 rooms. Turns out
           | running a simple 10 minutes task in each room takes... entire
           | day (3 hours for the work + switch room overhead + breaks
           | turns out to be full day often).
        
           | travisgriggs wrote:
           | This is spot on.
           | 
           | I work in this industry (contributing architect of
           | https://nelsonirrigation.com/products/twig-wireless-
           | controls...).
           | 
           | We dream of lots of fun things. And even try some of them.
           | But not a few days go by that we don't once again mutter
           | "power is king" To each other. _Everything_ we do revolves
           | around the constraint of power budgets.
        
             | peteradio wrote:
             | Here's an idea, curious for some feedback:
             | 
             | Make a square of tensioned cable (or rigid rail) boxing in
             | some area of garden/food forest/farmland at a height above
             | the plants. Have 4 modules which maintain position on
             | opposite sides and holds a tensioned wire between them,
             | making a tensioned wire along the x and a tensioned wire
             | along the y. At the intersection of these wires there is a
             | powered doohicky that can act like a spider and drop down
             | onto the plants below and do its work. The power to the
             | doohicky could be cable from either axis.
        
             | thrwawy74 wrote:
             | So... we engineer the plants to grow bigger to accommodate
             | for robots that cannot be made smaller, or with denser
             | battery packs :D
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | How about having an induction recharge state every few
             | meters? They could be rolled out as the same type of
             | infrastructure as water piping is now. At scale, induction
             | chargers can be manufactured very inexpensively.
        
               | ilyt wrote:
               | Why ? You can just have one big tractor hauling a bunch
               | of them. What does spreading it to smaller agents gain
               | you ?
        
           | 8n4vidtmkvmk wrote:
           | what if we make them bigger than insects but still relatively
           | small? just an arm on a track. heck, we can put the energy in
           | the track too. boom, no battery.
        
             | travisgriggs wrote:
             | There are some interesting things being done with pivot
             | spans. Hummingbird runs nozzles back and forth on rails
             | suspended from each pivot span. But they're difficult to
             | keep running.
             | 
             | Ag is hard. It's dusty. The weather can be brutal. Stuff
             | gets left out year round. The turnover is high. Schedules
             | are dynamic and unforgiving (when the weather turns, you
             | have to adapt your whole operation). There's not a lot of
             | highly technical staff to maintain things; bailing wire and
             | bandaids is a real thing. The tradition of "hacking things"
             | to keep them working comes from farmers.
             | 
             | The more complicated your machinery, the more your MTBF
             | product goes up. So complicated units don't scale well.
             | 
             | If a single sprinkler on a pivot fails or misbehaves,
             | there's nearly 400 of them and there's some overlap. If
             | your "robot" stalls out with some grit or a power supply
             | issue or a bricked update, or leaky hydraulics, you just
             | lost 1/10 of your pivot. Pray it happens on an inner span,
             | rather than an outer one.
        
               | whiplash451 wrote:
               | I think you meant the MTBF goes down.
        
             | psychoslave wrote:
             | Meganeura is an insect too, so most civil drones are
             | already smaller than biggest insects.
             | 
             | It's interesting to note how the size of Meganeura is
             | credited to environmental factors (oxygen ration in the
             | air). Context is everything, as usual.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meganeura
        
         | BiteCode_dev wrote:
         | If only there were swarms of self replicating autonomous
         | systems that can heal, recharge and defend themselves without
         | input and adapt to new situations, while being stress tested
         | for free for millions of years.
         | 
         | But I'm dreaming, certainly if it would have existed humans
         | would have tried to leverage them a long time ago.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | Snark aside, as useful as the birds and the bees are, they've
           | got their own goals, and those goals aren't always aligned
           | with ours -- hence the use of pesticides and insecticides, or
           | indeed scarecrows, in the first place.
        
             | BiteCode_dev wrote:
             | Of course but it's not like if collaboration, coercion,
             | manipulation and environment crafting were ineffective
             | tools to influence life.
             | 
             | It used to be our fav tools, now we just don't go in that
             | direction much anymore.
             | 
             | We could study, teach, bread, terraform, integrate and so
             | on at a much larger scale and with better tech. It's
             | just... It doesn't look like a product.
        
           | bsaul wrote:
           | A Sci-Fi fan biology researcher friend of mine joked a long
           | time ago that the culmination of cybertech is biotech.
        
         | fangorn wrote:
         | Sounds like we need a G.E.C.K.!
        
           | worldsayshi wrote:
           | And G.E.C.K. kind of sounds like http://opensourceecology.org
        
             | jacoblambda wrote:
             | Oh lovely. OSE is still doing good. I remember reading up
             | on the project a decade or so ago back when it was
             | basically just a wiki and a handful of engineers.
             | 
             | The project is pretty well thought out and extremely
             | ambitious. I can only hope they continue to make good
             | progress on it.
        
         | leobg wrote:
         | We had such a system. It was called slavery. Lots of cheap
         | labor. And still we arranged our crops in the style of
         | vineyards, so as to reduce to travel time of workers between
         | plants.
        
         | munbun wrote:
         | Subsequently sending us into a future forecasted by Michael
         | Crichton's Prey
        
         | blubbi wrote:
         | Not a drone yet, but hey, less than 200kg are pretty much
         | flyweight in farming ;) https://dahliarobotics.com/video
         | 
         | It doesn't even need to use herbicides because it removes weeds
         | mechanically. We actually build it to also fit into Europe's
         | small(er) scale farms as well.
         | 
         | Regarding the energy issues mentioned multiple times in various
         | threads here: We managed to make it solar powered and battery
         | buffered to work autonomously for more than a working day.
         | 
         | Disclosure: Co-funder of the company
        
         | lancesells wrote:
         | I feel this dream of robots everywhere gets us farther from a
         | garden of Eden.
         | 
         | To cultivate the earth we're going to mine other parts of it?
         | I'm not suggesting getting rid of the tools that improve
         | quality of life but does automating one aspect not cause 100
         | other things down the line? There's mining, factories,
         | repairing, replacing.
         | 
         | Maybe instead of robots we work on getting people to have
         | gardens on their property, in cities use the rooftops, stop
         | importing foods from across the globe, etc.
        
         | ForrestN wrote:
         | I love this vision and hope it becomes the dominant telos for
         | all of the work underway in this area. In addition to
         | "beautiful farm," imagine a world where farms, parks, wildlife
         | preserves, decarbonization centers, and biological research
         | hubs are all the same place? No reason these swarms can't be
         | optimizing/managing a native ecosystem food-forest with high
         | yield in mind... and likewise easy to imagine unobtrusive,
         | silent robots that don't stand in the way of the ecosystem's
         | normal functioning.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rmason wrote:
         | Watching that video made me joyful. I was an agronomist in the
         | early nineties walking soybean fields twelve hours a day
         | mapping weeds and then going back to the office making what's
         | called postemerge chemical recommendations to get most of the
         | weeds that I had observed.
         | 
         | During those hot days having then written software for a hobby
         | I thought there has to be a better way. Could a sprayer map
         | weeds and apply chemicals in a single pass? I did an in depth
         | investigation talking to tech people and university experts to
         | see if what I imagined was possible. What I found out was that
         | we were decades away from the tech making it possible.
         | 
         | A couple of years later Monsanto came out with Roundup
         | resistant soybeans and my soybean field walking was greatly
         | reduced overnight. Problem with this one solution fits all was
         | that soybean yields dipped with the resistant beans for farmers
         | that previously had good weed control and we began to develop
         | more Roundup resistant weeds.
         | 
         | I did notice that this company is working with high value crops
         | only. I believe the reason is the tech currently is quite
         | expensive. Though in time the cost should come down as more
         | farmers use it.
         | 
         | One problem for the Eastern states is the use of shields on the
         | boom. The company that I worked for experimented with shields
         | on our commercial sprayers. In fact we were the first people to
         | do it East of the Rocky Mountains. We bought them because we
         | wanted to be able to spray on windy days. The shields had
         | problems and were parked in the weeds in a single crop season.
        
           | diordiderot wrote:
           | The best parts of that job was when you stood still for a
           | minute late in the season, completely oblivious to the stream
           | of fire ants pouring into your boots
        
             | tomcam wrote:
             | In my case the hornets nest I stepped on while admiring our
             | huge 250+ year-old walnut tree
        
             | rmason wrote:
             | I could tell stories for hours. The scariest one:
             | 
             | I did a lot of soil testing. Refused to go out on November
             | 15th, the start of deer season, after the 4WD pickup I was
             | using was shot up in a field. I hugged the floorboard as
             | shots went through the truck and just over me. How a bright
             | yellow pickup could be confused with a deer is beyond me.
        
               | dsfyu404ed wrote:
               | >How a bright yellow pickup could be confused with a deer
               | is beyond me.
               | 
               | It wasn't. It was confused with a government vehicle. The
               | one day a year that is synonymous with hunting accidents
               | just provided plausible deniability for taking a few pot
               | shots.
        
               | pvaldes wrote:
               | That would be a good time to use those extra-loud non-
               | stop alarm in your car.
               | 
               | Every single people working in their property should have
               | one working non-stop in the deer season to signal that is
               | not a deer. Some just are deertonic and unable to
               | distinguish it from cars.
        
         | askvictor wrote:
         | I wonder how long it will take weeds to evolve to being
         | 'invisible' to the robots' eyes.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | Well, the invisible ones will thrive immediately. So, 1
           | generation.
        
             | MikePlacid wrote:
             | How do you know they are not thriving already?
        
               | JoeAltmaier wrote:
               | All competition removed.
               | 
               | This sprayer is _designed_ to promote the growth of
               | {everything it doesn 't kill}. Those 'weeds' will have as
               | much benefit from the spot-spraying as the crop. Which is
               | either significant, or it's negligible (and this sprayer
               | is useless, so probably not that)
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | > the future is swarms of small robots rather than a few big
         | tractors:
         | 
         | You are missing something important: soil compaction is a sub
         | linear function of weight. which means that larger tractors
         | that cover more area with the same tire tracks are must
         | friendly for the soil, compared to many small tractors. Because
         | of this factor larger is better. Eventually we may get to the
         | point where the tractor runs on tracks, to allow even bigger
         | tractors that touch a smaller are of soil.
         | 
         | Sure flying drones will have less soil compaction, and they
         | will have a place in the future, but keeping something in the
         | air uses vastly more energy than wheels on the ground.
        
         | machiaweliczny wrote:
         | I think future is bioengineering new organisms/robots that
         | balance ecosystem. So simply modified biological organisms that
         | can't reproduce
        
         | tomxor wrote:
         | > applying these principles to maintaining an edible
         | polyculture ecosystem-farm
         | 
         | Yup, actually if you read between the edits toward the end of
         | the video I think this is in the minds of those working on it,
         | not sure why it wasn't focused on more, perhaps because it
         | sounds less immediately practical... once the automation is
         | somewhat intelligent, the need for a monoculture for viable
         | large scale agriculture is diminished.
         | 
         | In fact at a certain point of sophistication, especially when
         | harvesting a polyculture becomes viable, it will probably flip
         | and become significantly more profitable long term to abandon
         | monoculture... since the soil health will improve over time
         | which also improves yields.
        
         | AOsborn wrote:
         | Absolutely, swarms make a lot of sense.
         | 
         | Also, the key difference between a 'hard' challenge like self-
         | driving cars and something like self-sustaining agriculture is
         | that the reliability doesn't need to be 100%. An achievable
         | target could be something like 'one human to operate the
         | location'. Things will break, software will glitch, maintenance
         | will be required - but that will be OK, as long as the issues
         | can be corrected in a reasonable length of time.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ForrestN wrote:
           | Furthermore, with the right sensors, there's an opportunity
           | for the swarm to self-correct without human intervention
           | based on results. It doesn't have to be exactly right at the
           | moment, because any ill effects will be noticeable and
           | fixable well after a mistake is made.
        
         | karaokeyoga wrote:
         | Reading the comments in this thread reminded me of "Silent
         | Running" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Running). Droids
         | (albeit 70s-style), agro-tech, and post-apocalyptic sci-fi.
         | It's dated but enjoyable.
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | > dated but enjoyable.
           | 
           | And very, very sad.
        
           | bradknowles wrote:
           | I'm glad I wasn't the only one thinking that.
           | 
           | Of course, that movie does have certain other implications
           | and side effects....
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | metaljr wrote:
       | Can this happen in developing countries like India?
        
         | laserbeam wrote:
         | Anything can, but most likely it won't happen there first.
        
         | balaji1 wrote:
         | It will happen. India will follow anything the West does (good
         | and bad). Disclaimer: I don't know much about state of Indian
         | farms today.
        
       | KingLancelot wrote:
       | That's a really cool and innovative way to fix the world without
       | using pesticides, use lil robots.
        
       | jeffrogers wrote:
       | Some portion of the vision and spray tech was invented long ago
       | by Patchen Selective Spray Systems. At some point, I believe John
       | Deere bought the company.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | 8bitsrule wrote:
       | Freethink brings a high degree of polish to their videos. Great
       | for promotion. Not so sure about the 'think' part yet.
       | 
       | Another interesting Freethink video: "Generalist vs. specialist:
       | Which Is Better?". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ER2R-F68L0c
        
       | jldugger wrote:
       | Designing things like this was part of my embedded engineering
       | project coursework 20 years ago. Obviously we didnt have CV and
       | had to rely on heueristics like 'weeds have a different
       | spectogram in near IR' but the idea has been a long time coming.
        
       | ALittleLight wrote:
       | One thought I had while watching that the video didn't seem to
       | explore is that if you can precisely map the field and remember
       | every plant, and you have 4 million plants on your field, then it
       | seems like you could enable precise experiments. Need to find the
       | best mix for fertilizer or pesticides? Seems like you could do
       | very precise and large N experiments to nail down what is best
       | for your plants in your field and possibly eke out some
       | additional return by doing so.
        
         | nevdka wrote:
         | You can go further than that. Monitor every plant's lifecycle
         | and yield, and save the best for seed. How many generations
         | before you get superwheat? You could even have multiple strains
         | for the varying soil conditions across a single field. Add
         | genetic testing, and you can boost genetic diversity for
         | disease resistance. All without attracting 'GMO' labels.
        
           | quixoticelixer- wrote:
           | This won't help with breeding at all. You can already monitor
           | plants lifecycle and yeild
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Farmers are already doing that. You don't need to map out each
         | individual plant, as there isn't really much you can do with
         | that level of data. Just map the field down to small squares
         | each covering a few square meters and that is good enough.
         | Going to the individual plant doesn't help as you can't do
         | anything to one plant that won't leak to the next, but even if
         | you could the difference between what two plants next to either
         | other need is insignificant. Across a whole field there is a
         | big difference though, so you want to break the field up some.
        
       | hericium wrote:
       | It still uses some "95% less" chemicals to kill plants. Why not
       | laser, some pull-from-ground mechanism or scissors to get rid of
       | unwanted plants?
        
         | Tade0 wrote:
         | Many weeds store most of their energy/nutrients in deep roots.
         | You cut down the visible part and shortly after that it regrows
         | like it's nothing.
         | 
         | The city gardening service in my neighbourhood is waging
         | constant war on what appears to be a forest of bushes now,
         | which they unwittingly sow and expand through cutting plants
         | with ripe fruit.
         | 
         | Not only do the parent plants regrow, a new generation is
         | formed each time they do it.
         | 
         | My relative is an agricultural engineer and her recommendation
         | is a drop of Roundup on top of every unwanted specimen.
        
           | hericium wrote:
           | > Many weeds store most of their energy/nutrients in deep
           | roots.
           | 
           | On the other hand, plants exchange nutrients and also harmful
           | stuff via their root systems. That's why you plant "companion
           | plants" for other plants to grow quicker.
           | 
           | Spraying unwanted plants with sub-centimeter accuracy seems
           | pointless since these plants transfer those chemicals to
           | unsprayed plants.
           | 
           | > You cut down the visible part and shortly after that it
           | regrows like it's nothing.
           | 
           | If you cut the plant close to the ground, will it really
           | regrow as a properly pruned plant? What if you cut it
           | multiple times, just as it starts regrowing?
        
         | selcuka wrote:
         | Spray is cheaper, and when you can precisely target the weeds
         | you can use less harmful chemicals, such as acetic acid or even
         | hot water.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | acetic acid is more harmful than the chemicals that farmers
           | are using, plus it is only effective in much larger
           | quantities. Sure we use it in cooking, but that doesn't mean
           | it is safe.
           | 
           | Look up the SDS for various chemicals, it can be very eye
           | opening. Some common household stuff is very dangerous.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Cultivators used to be very common before chemical sprays. They
         | did work, but the energy - read CO2 emissions - was a lot
         | higher. You are dragging some metal through the ground - think
         | of aerodynamic problems on steroids.
         | 
         | Now there is opportunity to only put the hoe in the ground, and
         | some are working on that. It will still use more energy than
         | chemicals, but it only uses the energy where needed, and avoids
         | chemical resistance so I think there is a place for it. (but
         | see the other replies - there are other limits)
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | popol12 wrote:
       | Glad to hear that humans will be able to continue ruining the
       | planet after the last bee dies
        
       | jws wrote:
       | Maybe a dispensing system which more selectively targets the
       | weeds should instead of using less killer, use a less effective
       | killer.
       | 
       | Instead of some clever bit of selective plant killing molecular
       | wizardry, just spray the weed with lye (NaOH). Dissolve the weed
       | and any overspray or residual will lightly raise the pH of the
       | soil. If you have alkaline soil problems, then maybe use
       | sulphuric acid instead.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | defrost wrote:
       | For those interested _Landline_ the Australian farming (stock,
       | agriculture and related) weekly news roundup [1] has been
       | reporting on Agri-bots and automated farming regular for the past
       | five years (and since ~1980 if you allow the early reporting on
       | the sheep shearing robot project at UWA) [2].
       | 
       | In the vision augmented weed spray domain (the subject of this
       | posted video) there has been reporting on both heavy tractor
       | dragged units (for covering entire 1,000+ acre farms) and,
       | perhaps more interestingly, lightweight solar powered spray bots
       | that have minimal soil impact and intermittent deployment
       | patterns.
       | 
       | Weeds patch up and spotting initial patches from air drones and
       | then deploying a light spray bot to target individual weeeds is
       | effective in many ways; kill time before spread, fuel usage
       | (solar), minimal total deployment, soil impact, etc.
       | 
       | [1] https://iview.abc.net.au/show/landline
       | 
       | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZAh2zv7TMM
        
       | bitL wrote:
       | On one hand, this will maximize crop per area. On the other hand,
       | it will kill off all insects that require diverse sets of plants,
       | causing issues in the food chain above. The long-term
       | consequences are unknown, likely not good.
        
         | bluSCALE4 wrote:
         | I'd think you'd be able to identify good and bad bugs. If you
         | mean killing off bad bugs will have unknown consequences, then
         | yeah, probably.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | It's not the chemicals that kill bugs afaik, just the fact
           | that what was once a very diverse eco system became XX sqkm
           | of the same plant growing on basically dead soil
           | 
           | This robot would not change that problem
           | 
           | What we'd need is sustainable farming with crop rotation and
           | lots of diversity, but this is less efficient and farmers are
           | already not making a ton of profit
        
           | zeckalpha wrote:
           | Some good bugs need plant diversity.
        
           | bitL wrote:
           | Good bugs often need bad bugs to thrive, so do birds.
        
         | quixoticelixer- wrote:
         | What do you think currently happens in most fields? I'll give
         | you a hint. They dont just let weeds grow.
        
           | bitL wrote:
           | It's already a problem, I agree. Another big problem is the
           | increasing measurable presence of those chemicals in
           | pastry/bread/flour these days, with unknown long-term
           | effects.
        
             | quixoticelixer- wrote:
             | The levels in most flour etc is in the parts per billion.
             | The long term effects are already pretty well known. It is
             | not an issue
        
       | [deleted]
        
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