[HN Gopher] Companies ran an experiment: Pay workers their full ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Companies ran an experiment: Pay workers their full salary to work
       fewer days
        
       Author : akeck
       Score  : 134 points
       Date   : 2022-11-16 14:02 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.npr.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.npr.org)
        
       | everdrive wrote:
       | I'm a bit skeptical of the study, however I've long suspected
       | that a lot of what happens at work is simply part of a set of
       | special social expectations, and actually pretty disconnected
       | from productivity.
        
       | stavros wrote:
       | I've been working four-day weeks for almost a decade now, and
       | it's been amazing. I briefly switched back to a five-day week at
       | some point, but I had enough of that after a few months. The
       | weekends felt way too short and the workweek way too long.
       | 
       | Four-day weeks are just the right balance, though I wonder if
       | I'll like three-day weeks even more.
        
       | philmcp wrote:
       | Over 200 companies have now made the switch to a 32hr work week:
       | https://4dayweek.io/companies
       | 
       | The benefits for the employee are pretty obvious, but there are
       | also many benefits for the company:
       | 
       | - Staff are more productive (for previous pilots: output almost
       | always hits 100%)
       | 
       | - Job listings get (way) more applications
       | 
       | - Staff are happier
       | 
       | - Staff are healthier i.e. off sick less
       | 
       | - It's better for the environment
       | 
       | - Staff turnover reduces
       | 
       | - It attracts experienced candidates
       | 
       | - Costs reduce
       | 
       | - It's better for gender equality
       | 
       | Most of these companies on the site offer 100% salary, some offer
       | 80% (but I hope to remove these in the future)
        
         | Gene_Parmesan wrote:
         | This is one of those situations where it's a clear documented
         | (via study and real world experiment) benefit to both workers
         | and employers, so you wonder why it's taking so long to spread.
         | 
         | One problem is I genuinely believe it has to be mandated. Every
         | company has people who will take any action purely to make
         | themselves look attractive for the next promotion cycle. And if
         | even just one person is actually putting in 50/wk at a company
         | that's supposed to be 32/wk, everyone else is going to feel
         | pressured to work 50.
        
           | kipchak wrote:
           | I think to some degree the people making these decisions to
           | some extent are more likely to be those who enjoy the
           | external approval aspects of work - the "clueless middle
           | management" in the Gervais Principle framework, who enjoy
           | doing more work and want to see those below them do the same.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > This is one of those situations where it's a clear
           | documented (via study and real world experiment) benefit to
           | both workers and employers, so you wonder why it's taking so
           | long to spread.
           | 
           | Since open floorplans became universal a while ago, and are
           | only getting partially replaced by work from home because the
           | rent is cheaper, what I wonder is if that is the rule,
           | instead of the exception.
        
       | vjk800 wrote:
       | I already work (remotely) much less than my contract says. I
       | simply can't stay engaged to cognitively demanding tasks for a
       | full day. The rest of the time I just feel kinda bad for
       | slacking, which increases my stress levels for no good reason. If
       | I got the permission to actually work less, I wouldn't feel so
       | bad about it, which would probably lead to less stress and higher
       | productivity.
       | 
       | I work in finance and I can attest that 90% of the work people do
       | in my office could simply be left undone and no harm would come
       | to the world or even the company. The industry just has a culture
       | of "being very productive" which leads to people doing
       | _something_ all of the time, even when they don 't have a clue
       | what should be done.
        
         | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
         | >I already work (remotely) much less than my contract says. I
         | simply can't stay engaged to cognitively demanding tasks for a
         | full day. The rest of the time I just feel kinda bad for
         | slacking, which increases my stress levels for no good reason.
         | If I got the permission to actually work less, I wouldn't feel
         | so bad about it, which would probably lead to less stress and
         | higher productivity.
         | 
         | How do you know it wouldn't just allow you to slack down to
         | working 24 hours a week and feeling the same degree of guilt
         | you are accustomed to now?
         | 
         | I have no idea. It just reminds me of the saying about lottery
         | winners "If you weren't happy before you won, you won't be
         | happy afterwards".
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | MEMORYC_RRUPTED wrote:
       | This won't be valid for everyone, but I'm getting more and more
       | convinced that most (a lot of?) people don't "work" work 40 hours
       | anyway. I'm not even mentally capable of doing 40 intense hours
       | of focussed work. Not saying I don't have other tasks besides
       | coding/thinking in that time, but honestly not for the full slot
       | of time.
       | 
       | It just feels to me like some sort of secret we all share and
       | pretend like it's fine, but being honest and just doing the same
       | stuff in say 32 hours and cutting out the cruft in between would
       | be great.
       | 
       | Or maybe it's just my add that likes a bit more pressure, I don't
       | know. But what I do know is that, even with a very relaxed
       | employer that allows you to take your time and chill, go workout
       | or play a game for an hour, I can't fully relax or disconnect
       | knowing that I'm expected to do those 40 hours, regardless of how
       | often they say it's fine.
        
         | fourseventy wrote:
         | Cruft will build back up in the 32 hours though. In 10 years
         | people will be saying "does anyone else feel like they don't
         | work the full 32? We should cut it down to 24!" There is always
         | going to be some percentage of working time that isn't fully
         | productive.
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | I'm not sure what the problem with this is. It sounds like
           | utopia.
        
           | diffeomorphism wrote:
           | Eh, diminishing percentages.
           | 
           | 40 -> 32 -> 30 -> 29.5 -> 29.3 -> 29.2 -> really, we are
           | talking about minutes(?). Just keep 29-ish and check again in
           | a century.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | I agree we don't put in a full 40 hours. Unless someone is
         | working a 1950's style assembly line (meatpacking plant for
         | example) few will put in those 40 hours even in manual labor
         | ---you're chatting, playing around, etc. for some time.
         | 
         | White collar work, is of course, way worse. There is a lot of
         | slack time in between tasks and meetings and so on.
         | 
         | So during those 40 hours, let's say a person delivers 100 work
         | units. If we were to say, from now on you only have to work 32
         | hours, some people will still deliver 100 work units, but many
         | will deliver an approximation to 80 work units. Many people
         | will automatically adjust. People have a "pace of work" that is
         | like breathing.
        
           | asmor wrote:
           | My pace of work is burn myself out in the first 1-2 hours of
           | every day and then procrastinate / go to meetings.
           | 
           | I'm so happy to be out of the office. Being able to work
           | whenever works for me (and my ADHD brain) has probably given
           | me at least 50% more output on average. Hours don't mean
           | anything to me and nobody has ever complained about my work
           | pace (rather the opposite).
           | 
           | Pretending to be busy in an office was torture.
        
           | treeman79 wrote:
           | Wife's a teacher. 40-60 hours at school. 10-30 hours outside
           | of work doing lesson plans, report card comments etc. Always
           | responding to emails from parents.
           | 
           | She Has collapsed before when total was getting above 80 for
           | several weeks.
           | 
           | They want to promote her to VP. They work even more hours
           | then she does.
           | 
           | I make more then triple what she does.
        
             | soperj wrote:
             | > 40-60 hours at school.
             | 
             | This part doesn't make sense to me, can you please explain
             | (I'm genuinely asking). My children are in elementary
             | school, and the day is from 8:45-2:30. I can understand
             | being there at 8am(i definitely have seen teachers showing
             | up later than this though), and when I've driven by the
             | school at 3pm nearly all the cars are gone from the
             | teachers lot (if not all). I can understand that there's a
             | lot of work outside of school, but I don't understand how
             | you could ever get to 60 hours at school.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | Another fascinating thing about teacher claims of working
               | hours is how technology apparently hasn't moved the
               | needle at all. Lots of schools have moved to more and
               | more online assignments that can be in large part
               | automatically graded yet the time spend grading remains
               | constant, or so they claim.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | That's probably because IT busywork replaces manual
               | busywork.
               | 
               | Before: you take a stack of papers, and go through each
               | one with a red pen.
               | 
               | Now: you log on a system, wait, click on something, wait,
               | click on something else, wait... the stupid tests are
               | auto-graded, but chances are there is still something you
               | have to grade student-by-student, and that's now slower
               | to do. Plus, obviously, the usual annoyances (got to
               | update this, got to reboot that, my typing is 5WPM, etc
               | etc).
        
               | jerf wrote:
               | "you log on a system, wait, click on something, wait,
               | click on something else, wait..."
               | 
               | You know, if someone wants to write The Next Great JS
               | framework, give me one that above all else prioritizes
               | latency and expert-level usage. There's no fundamental
               | reason we can't have most of the nice things from the
               | modern graphical web, _and_ get to the legendary
               | efficiency of those text-based consoles... but it will
               | take some work and thought. (For example, you 're going
               | to need to insert yourself in between the user and the
               | browser's concept of events, so you can buffer up
               | commands the user is typing while their target hasn't
               | quite loaded yet. This is one of the fundamental reasons
               | why GUIs are less efficient than TUIs, though by no means
               | the only one.)
               | 
               | This framework won't take over the world, but it sure
               | would save a lot of people a lot of time.
               | 
               | Sooooo tiiiiirrrrreeeeed of programs that take seconds to
               | do every... little... thing!
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Also, the UX is usually awful.
               | 
               | I remember having to use educational software in college
               | for a discussion board and it was terrible and sucky. I
               | could only imagine what the teacher end of it looked
               | like.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | For a comedic look at how this affects teaching, the new
               | comedy show _Abbott Elentary_ has an episode on this.
               | It's like _Parks and Rec_ but at an inner city
               | Philadelphia public school.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Ugh, should say Elementary.
        
               | cecilpl2 wrote:
               | Have you ever worked with education software? I have.
               | It's awful.
               | 
               | Until 2011, my local school district was using a DOS-
               | based attendance and grading system. No GUI.
               | 
               | In 2011 they switched to an internet-connected system
               | that looked like it was built on Windows 3.1. Non-
               | resizable text fields. Inability to tab from one field to
               | the next. A tiny non-resizable window that you had to
               | scroll manually with the scrollbar to enter data in all
               | the fields, so to enter attendance for a whole class you
               | had to scroll left and right with the mouse for _each
               | child_.
               | 
               | It crashed every morning for months. Teachers would
               | coordinate with each other to ensure they didn't overload
               | the system.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | If that's true, person in charge of purchasing is asleep
               | at the wheel. With the most politically powerful union in
               | the US, teachers could replace them if they wanted too
               | (although the same union likely protects the jobs of the
               | people who can't buy software).
        
               | mgkimsal wrote:
               | I bet most of the software they use just sucks. I've had
               | some first hand folks tell me some of the bad stories of
               | using various online grade book systems, and years ago I
               | built one myself, and the accommodations people were
               | requiring were... fairly complex. I suspect that at least
               | in some cases I'm aware of, the vendor just lies and says
               | "yes, we support X", gets the contract, and the end users
               | (teachers) have to deal with the lie.
        
               | cecilpl2 wrote:
               | My dad and ex-wife were both teachers.
               | 
               | My dad was up at 6 and at school for 7am. Worked 7am-3pm
               | (8 hours). He did marking for an hour or two most
               | evenings, and a solid chunk on the weekends. Probably 50
               | hour weeks. And that's after 20 years of teaching the
               | same classes, so he had all the materials.
               | 
               | My ex-wife was brand new to teaching so had to develop
               | curriculum on top of this. She worked 7am-5pm every day
               | plus weekends.
               | 
               | Calling parents, dealing with kids with special needs,
               | developing curriculum, marking, department meetings,
               | making lesson plans, running extra-curricular activities
               | or clubs, private lessons, doing paperwork or
               | photocopying, etc etc, it all mounts up. There's a lot of
               | behind the scenes work.
               | 
               | Now, some teachers simply don't do this. You can easily
               | skate by, work the bare minimum 6 hour days, and not give
               | two shits about the kids. But most teachers care about
               | children and education (I mean, you don't become a
               | teacher for the money).
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | Is there a consensus among teachers if year-around
               | schooling will help or exacerbate this problem?
        
               | bcassedy wrote:
               | I haven't talked to any teachers about this specifically,
               | but based on my impression of the school system and
               | public philosophy around schools and teaching that I've
               | gleaned from my wife and many friends who are teachers, I
               | think it might help in the short term but be worse in the
               | long term. The one thing that seems nearly constant is
               | that expectations of teachers are always increasing. So I
               | think eventually we'd end up back in a similar place
               | except teachers would have to keep the pace year round
               | rather than getting a couple months off in the summer.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | Office hours, tutoring, mandatory training, meetings,
               | clubs, etc. can really add up.
               | 
               | My wife's school is big on community, which is great in
               | some ways but leads to long days with staff expected to
               | attend dances, games, etc.
        
           | devmor wrote:
           | > So during those 40 hours, let's say a person delivers 100
           | work units. If we were to say, from now on you only have to
           | work 32 hours, some people will still deliver 100 work units,
           | but many will deliver an approximation to 80 work units. Many
           | people will automatically adjust. People have a "pace of
           | work" that is like breathing.
           | 
           | Perhaps in manual labor, but I don't think this applies to
           | white collar work. The limiting factor in output for this
           | line of work seems to be intellectual exhaustion/burnout, not
           | pacing.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Exactly. Setting aside the "metabolic drag" of working in a
             | company (time spent attending mandatory trainings,
             | recurring stand-ups/all-hands, etc), I think everyone
             | working in software has more productivity in their 1st hour
             | than in their 39th. The question is where does the N * f(N)
             | first derivative turn negative. I think it's lower than 32
             | hours/week for software development myself.
        
               | devmor wrote:
               | I would agree with that figure.
               | 
               | Personally I assign development to more of a "creative"
               | role than a lot of people tend to. Your productivity can
               | often depend on your inspiration, moreso the more
               | senior/architectural your role is.
               | 
               | I've certainly had moments where I accomplished more at
               | one 3am moment of clarity than an entire week before -
               | and I think most experienced developers can say the same.
        
             | hnews_account_1 wrote:
             | White collar work in the modern era is also very
             | unrestricted. I can slack off during most of the day if I
             | want (and nothing urgent comes up) and my manager will
             | neither check nor care. Because of 24/7 systems, I can
             | completely bunk fridays while pretending to work from home
             | and just staying online from the phone. It is totally
             | irrelevant to my job. I hate fridays and usually work
             | Sunday to Thursday in reality. Many people I know have this
             | level of flexibility in many fields.
             | 
             | My "work hours" in my pay slip say 75.8 for every 2 weeks.
             | I work maybe 50 hours in a busy week. It is irrelevant to
             | my organization. So we are already there in terms of
             | intellectual white collar work.
        
               | sdk16420 wrote:
               | I feel that we are employed above of all to be available
               | when it matters rather than to do a certain amount of
               | work for the hours you are paid for. Compare it to a
               | workshop with some tools, you buy a hammer not because
               | you use it for 8 hours a day, but because when you need
               | it, you can't do without it. If you go a day without
               | needing to use the hammer, it doesn't mean that having
               | the hammer in your shed is a waste of money.
               | 
               | If the company cared only about getting certain amount of
               | work done in the time they paid for, they would hire an
               | external. And continuing the analogy, it's usually more
               | expensive in the long run to rent a tool even if you use
               | it only a couple of times a month, as well as having to
               | get used to unfamiliar equipment, having no records of
               | how well the rental tool performed earlier.
        
         | newbYhrly wrote:
         | Musk posted screens of his Elden Ring progress a couple weeks
         | after launch. Given other players had to sink 60-80 hours in to
         | get to the same point Musk was broadcasting, he was working 48
         | hours a day at his companies and on Elden Ring.
         | 
         | Bezos has given interviews about his habits. He works maybe
         | 10-20 hours a week.
         | 
         | Billing 40 hours every week to run scripts that generate a
         | Github repo structure in minutes has been profitable for me
         | though. Not going to knock Musk and Bezos optimizing for
         | themselves by gaming others agency.
        
           | ITB wrote:
           | Picasso offered a drawing in a napkin for $1M dollars, even
           | though it took him 1 min to draw it. You know the gist. Bezos
           | might do 20 hours a week of "work" because he scaffolded a
           | giant organization around his brain, so he only needs to
           | provide certain input. Besides, much of the non-work time,
           | such as public speaking and so forth, is actually work.
           | 
           | Also the ultimate test is whether after confessing to your
           | real contribution, people are ok. I don't think any amazon
           | employee was annoyed after hearing this so called interview,
           | whereas is your company knew what you were charging them for,
           | they would fire you.
        
             | newbYhrly wrote:
             | He had 50 people invest tens of thousands each to build
             | that scaffold.
             | 
             | He's not a genius just well networked.
             | 
             | Idle idolatry of normal human beings with no effort to
             | verify their real outputs creates an unfalsifiable truth
             | Bezos is a lynchpin to reality.
             | 
             | Ooo oo I heard it through the grapevine, Bezos is not what
             | you might call "divine"...
             | 
             | The rich did not invent science, engineering, and economic
             | activity. Human behavior gives rise to those things
             | organically. The rich are merely playing information
             | awareness constraint games; a man named Farmer is a farmer,
             | an engineer is an engineer, and there's no reason to allow
             | them agency to learn other things.
             | 
             | His value is rooted in traditions of political correctness
             | to buy into that narrative, not immutable laws of nature.
             | 
             | Every worker faces the risk of their livelihood vanishing
             | tomorrow. One slip of the tongue costing their job. Why are
             | these guys insulated from the same?
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | Bezos parents were teenagers of no significant means.
               | After they divorced, his mother married an "uneducated"
               | (in the sense he had not attended college) Cuban
               | immigrant, Miguel Bezos, again of no significant means.
               | After Miguel graduated from the elite University of New
               | Mexico, they moved to Houston so he could work for Exxon.
               | During high school Jeff took on an elite internship
               | working the morning shift at McDonalds.
               | 
               | It's not entirely rags to rich because gramps indeed did
               | well for himself and had a nice big ranch out in the
               | middle of Nowhere, Texas. But it's pretty close to it,
               | and overall a pretty cool story.
        
               | newbYhrly wrote:
               | You stopped short of detailing the well documented part
               | of 50 people chipping in 25k.
               | 
               | That alone is a testament to how the country has changed.
               | How many McDonalds burger flippers have that social
               | network now?
               | 
               | His childhood and his family greatly benefited from pre-
               | Reagan social programs.
               | 
               | How sad if the mega-mega-billionaires were mega-mega-
               | millionaires. The rich of their childhood got through
               | high taxes ok.
               | 
               | If such taxation is immoral, let's discuss then the
               | advantages immoral taxation in the past provided them and
               | accept them as less uniquely gifted and successful on
               | their own then.
        
         | wollsmoth wrote:
         | I'm at least online 40 hours. Actively doing effort is harder
         | but it's easier if I'm doing something interesting. I try to
         | not beat myself up if I'm having trouble focusing some days.
         | Some days it just ain't happening. Get a coffee read a magazine
         | and try again a little later.
        
         | willio58 wrote:
         | This is why Remote is great. You have the flexibility, and as
         | long as you get the work you say you'll get done done, who
         | cares if you're literally sitting in a chair from 9-5?
        
           | AuryGlenz wrote:
           | Which is exactly how salaried work was supposed to work, not
           | "40 hours is the minimum and we won't pay you if we pile so
           | much work on that you need to work 60 hours instead."
        
         | thenerdhead wrote:
         | You're probably not wrong. The data supports it.
         | 
         | > In October, the average workweek for all employees on private
         | nonfarm payrolls was 34.5 hours for the fifth month in a row.
         | 
         | https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htm
         | 
         | https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t18.htm
        
           | Arrath wrote:
           | The pessimist in me has to wonder how much of this is
           | employers manipulating schedules to keep employees from
           | classifying as full time?
           | 
           | I see the report calls out part time workers at 3.7m yet
           | still I wonder.
        
             | thenerdhead wrote:
             | That's a great point. I interpret that there's a difference
             | of "assigned 40 hours" and "works 40 hours" that is being
             | called out in this data.
        
           | vjk800 wrote:
           | And this is the time they at least pretend to be working. The
           | amount of hours they actually do something productive is
           | going to be much less.
        
         | gilbert_vanova wrote:
         | The more your work is in creative output, the more likely you
         | are to be working 100% of the time you're on the clock.
         | Cognition is complex and most of it happens under the covers.
         | Once you wake up, you load up your brains with concerns and
         | don't stop thinking about it just because you aren't in
         | meetings or actively coding. Your conscious thoughts are only
         | one layer in a dense system.
         | 
         | Arguably, you can't turn it off when you clock out either. It's
         | why I argue for a retainer model on intellectual workers.
        
         | jghn wrote:
         | My most recent job is billable and time is tracked in tight
         | increments. Because I now pay much more attention to when I am
         | and am not 100% engaged, it's been eye opening how much 40
         | hours _really_ is. I 've found that I'm about 2/3 efficient. So
         | if I designate 6 hours for "work", I'm _really_ working (and
         | thus billing) for about 4 hours.
        
           | jermaustin1 wrote:
           | I would bet those 2 hours you aren't billing for are still
           | actual work. You are available, you are probably thinking
           | about the company/the job/the work. That is all WORK, and
           | should be billed.
           | 
           | I used to do a lot of walks (before I moved from Upstate NY
           | to Houston) where I would escape the code and think about the
           | product. That was all billed time, and understood by my
           | clients. Just because my fingers are not furiously typing,
           | doesn't mean I'm not actively engaged in my work.
        
             | jghn wrote:
             | Sometimes. And in past jobs that's how I justified myself,
             | sure I'm not hands on keyboard all the time but I'm "on"
             | 95+% of my awake time.
             | 
             | This company's policy is the clock is only running if
             | you're 100% engaged. I try to stick with that. As time has
             | gone on I've gotten better about mentally turning the
             | switch more all the way on/all the way off. There's some
             | grey area on both sides that I figure comes out in the
             | wash. And if I have a serendipitous moment, it's not hard
             | to turn the clock back on and have at it.
             | 
             | It'd also look more different if the billing increment was
             | wider. In a very past life I billed at 15 minute intervals.
             | So if I was "on" for 12 minutes but stepped away to clear
             | my head, the full 15 was billed.
        
         | elvis10ten wrote:
         | I disagree based on personal (anecdotal) data.
         | 
         | When I get into a "flow" on a project I can work 12+ hour days.
         | My productivity dwindles as the day gets old for sure, but I
         | don't think it ever gets to zero or close. I dream/think about
         | the project and the first thing on my mind in the morning is
         | the next step on the project.
         | 
         | Last time I was in flow, I single handedly built the next
         | generation of a tool in 2 months. It's currently taking the
         | other team about 6 months to do the same but for another
         | platform. The complexity is roughly the same and I think the
         | engineers are as smart, if not smarter than me. I think the
         | difference was that I did 12-16 hours for 2 month (including
         | weekends).
         | 
         | This is not sustainable of course. I developed my back and
         | wrist pain at the end of the 2 months. This is something I
         | consciously stop myself from doing ever again because health is
         | all you got at the end of the day.
        
           | suralind wrote:
           | Very realistic, I one had a different idea of how we would
           | build a retool-like tool for a company I worked at. I spent 4
           | days to reimplement our app from scratch, I didn't include
           | even 10% of what we had, but the framework was much more
           | powerful.
           | 
           | I typically code for like 3-4 hours a day, maybe 6-7 when I'm
           | super into what I'm doing. BUT, I very frequently think about
           | my work when I'm not working.
        
         | badrabbit wrote:
         | People don't work for 40 hours but they are available for 40
         | hours, being available is also "work".
        
         | vlunkr wrote:
         | > It just feels to me like some sort of secret we all share
         | 
         | Yeah this is a pretty interesting phenomenon. I feel like as a
         | kid I had no idea it would be this way, but every job I've
         | worked, blue and white collar, has involved a lot of "time
         | wasting." It's very surprising at first.
        
         | Tyrek wrote:
         | If we "actually work" 32 hours out of 40 (80%), what is the
         | likelihood that if we shift to a 32 hour max week, that the
         | average person will only "actually work" ~26 hours (80% of 32)
         | in this hypothetical future?
         | 
         | What if at least part of the 20% is spent doing social
         | activities, water cooler conversations, etc. that enable the
         | remaining 80% to flow more efficiently?
        
           | sam0x17 wrote:
           | Because burn-out is the main driving factor behind the
           | productivity changes, not the hypotheticals you are talking
           | about. In engineering, people are burned out by friday, and
           | even outside of engineering, people tend to phone it in by
           | that point in the week because they are just done. They are
           | operating at less than 50% mental or physical capacity. If
           | you instead just give them that time to recharge, they'll get
           | that much more done early in the week the following week.
           | They'll also be in a better headspace because although you
           | are only decreasing the days they work by 1/5th, you are
           | increasing their uninterrupted weekend/family time by 1/3rd.
           | In a more egalitarian society, you might imagine that ratio
           | to be more like 1:1 to be fair.
           | 
           | At my previous startup we saw an 8% productivity _increase_
           | from moving to a 4-day work week, and this was across a
           | variety of metrics like issues closed, lines of code, etc. We
           | don't even know if 4 is optimal, it could be 3. Only way to
           | find out is to try it.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | My anecdotal experience doesn't support this. I worked in
             | an org that shifted to a 9/80 schedule with a three day
             | weekend every other week. Prior to this, Fridays always
             | seemed to be the days where people coasted...they would
             | come in kinda late, have a coffee break, then have a
             | breakfast break, then an extended bathroom break, maybe get
             | an hour of stuff done before an extended lunch. And of
             | course, Friday afternoon meetings were frowned upon. After
             | the change, this same behavior shifted to Thursdays, which
             | used to be normally productive day.
             | 
             | Maybe they were burned out from the extra hour of the
             | previous days, but considering the Thursdays of the
             | remaining 5 day weeks didn't display this behavior, I doubt
             | it. Now there was the complication that once management saw
             | a dip in productivity, there was a near mutiny at the mere
             | suggestion of going back to a normal workweek.
             | 
             | The implication is no matter how long/short the work week
             | is, people will adjust to make the end a slack day.
        
           | diffeomorphism wrote:
           | About 0% probability.
           | 
           | They will work more than 80%, less than 100%, say 87%. And
           | that is what you want: keep some off time for conversation,
           | recovery, etc..
           | 
           | You don't want 100% (very short hours) and you don't want too
           | low a percentage (long hours). There is some balance in
           | between and no slippery slope.
        
           | wil421 wrote:
           | Because I'll have a week day to do everything I need to do.
           | Also I would push back or not attend meetings where I'm not
           | needed. Team meetings and collaboration would still happen. A
           | lot of people have to do late or weekend deployments and it
           | would take the stress off of a lot of IT workers in all
           | areas.
        
           | fourseventy wrote:
           | Exactly. The whole modern trend of working less hours will
           | somehow equate to more work being done is ridiculous.
        
             | Zircom wrote:
             | I don't think anyone is necessarily saying more work will
             | get done although that's possible I guess, my understanding
             | is that in a humanitarian sense cutting down expected
             | working hours would increase employee
             | satisfaction/happiness without affecting productivity much
             | if at all and that's the main draw of the movement.
        
             | Brian_K_White wrote:
             | The only thing that's ridiculous is a simplistic sweeping
             | statement like that. For one thing, no one even said "more
             | work" necessarily, although that is absolutely perfectly
             | possible and valid, but better work, and better overall
             | performance as in morale, loyalty, effectiveness (better
             | imagination and problem solving), longevity (less turnover,
             | more return on training investment, better institutional
             | knowledge retention), etc.
        
           | ericmcer wrote:
           | I mean someone could gather this info, the average working
           | hours in China are ~10 more than the US and some European
           | countries average lower.
           | 
           | Given humans are highly adaptable I imagine we will adjust to
           | the new normal and keep finding time to mess around at work.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_average_
             | a...
        
           | tnel77 wrote:
           | I'm all for a shorter workweek, but I definitely expect that
           | the social aspect of a job is good for overall productivity.
           | Maybe I'm weird, but I enjoy asking my coworkers how their
           | weekend was prior to a meeting starting or (back when I was
           | in the office) as we ran into each other in the hallway.
        
             | BryantD wrote:
             | You're not weird. I am not like you, but as a manager it's
             | been important for me to recognize that this isn't at all
             | uncommon.
        
             | Gene_Parmesan wrote:
             | Same! You're definitely not alone, even if I do feel like a
             | rare species these days. I really wish we were all going in
             | two or three days a week. This constant wfh is driving me
             | crazy.
        
               | vonseel wrote:
               | People will tell you only lonely people think that way,
               | but I think office socialization is a different kind of
               | thing. At the office you meet and chat with people of all
               | ages and different types. When you're with friends,
               | you're probably hanging with a bunch of people more like
               | yourself.
        
             | vagrantJin wrote:
             | > I enjoy asking my coworkers how their weekend was prior
             | to a meeting starting
             | 
             | It's foreplay but for work. Forework?
        
           | dustedcodes wrote:
           | Reduce the hours in the day.
           | 
           | Most people structure their days based on what they want to
           | accomplish (goal driven), rather than how to spread out work
           | evenly across a fixed number of hours (time driven). So if
           | someone knows that they are expected to deliver task A + B in
           | one day then they will do it. If they have a 4 hour work day
           | they'll do it in 4 hours and then happily clock off. If they
           | have to do it in an 8 hour work day they'll do it in 4 hours
           | and then waste time for the remaining 4 hours.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | How does this align with the near-ubiquitous feelings that
             | people generally feel overwhelmed? I.e., they have more
             | goals then they have time
        
           | eurasiantiger wrote:
           | I don't think that would happen if there is actually a job to
           | be done.
        
         | lucasyvas wrote:
         | Most remote jobs I've worked at, I can't reach anyone on
         | Friday. Probably not a coincidence.
         | 
         | Even years ago when I was in the office, everyone would go on
         | insanely long lunch breaks on Friday instead. If you work an
         | office job, I can assure you that the number of people actually
         | working on Friday is statistically irrelevant.
        
           | vidanay wrote:
           | "Never buy a car built on a Friday or a Monday."
        
       | ShaneMcGowan wrote:
       | From my personal experience Stress free 5 days > Fire fighting
       | for 4 days
        
         | ntp85 wrote:
         | Yeah, but Fire fighting for 4 days > Fire fighting for 5 days.
        
           | cassianoleal wrote:
           | Also stress free for 4 days > stress free for 5 days.
        
             | TrueGeek wrote:
             | Yeah, if you have 32 hours of fire fighting every week then
             | you either love fighting fires or you need to find
             | something that you do love.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | Talk to an ER nurse. One of the ones who hasn't
               | left...yet.
        
       | mouzogu wrote:
       | why would a company agree to pay the same salary for fewer hours
       | of custody?
       | 
       | it reminds me of the macchiavelli quote:
       | 
       | > "How we live is so different from how we ought to live that he
       | who studies what ought to be done rather than what is done will
       | learn the way to his downfall rather than to his preservation."
       | 
       | productivity study is interesting but that's not how the real
       | world incentives are aligned.
        
         | MSFT_Edging wrote:
         | Attitudes towards ownership of one's employees is why people
         | recommend violence towards said employers via jokes like "these
         | people have addresses".
         | 
         | You're essentially saying "the company prefers social control
         | over productivity, and lets just let that go"
        
           | mouzogu wrote:
           | > You're essentially saying "the company prefers social
           | control over productivity, and lets just let that go"
           | 
           | yes, that is exactly what i'm saying :)
        
         | pwinnski wrote:
         | Why do companies pay for people to work "only" five days each
         | week? Or "only" 40 hours? Why not seven days, and 84 hours each
         | week? Surely there are people willing to work those hours for
         | even less than companies are paying now, eliminating the
         | deadweight loss.
         | 
         | Once you have the answer to that question, the answer to your
         | question seems very straightforward.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | The answer is that both parties have agreed that 40 hours of
           | work a week is worth that much money. And if there are people
           | already willing to work 84 hours for less money then they
           | would be employed already for less at 40 hours.
        
             | DoingIsLearning wrote:
             | > 40 hours of work a week
             | 
             | The concept of hours per week is shaped by it's origin in
             | production manufacturing.
             | 
             | Most people who are in a position to discuss 4 day weeks
             | are in the Service Sector or otherwise 'creative roles'.
             | 
             | This is analogue to the argument of why do we not pay
             | developers by lines of code. Both time and LOCs are not
             | necessarily linear with productivity and delivery of
             | function.
             | 
             | Arguing for pay to be linked to time is in my view an
             | artefact of the production & manufacturing origins of
             | modern work.
             | 
             | So to come back to your point. Previously both parties
             | agreed that 40 hour week was worth this much money. Now
             | both parties agree that this link with time is a bad metric
             | and that pay is provided for the realization of certain
             | function or deliverable.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | It's not a bad metric. It's just not a perfect metric.
               | And, more importantly, paying for time isn't a metric at
               | all. It's just one of the legal ways to employ people.
               | Paying for deliverables, which you describe, is another
               | legal way to employ people.
               | 
               | Here are some downsides to paying for deliverables:
               | 
               | Any job that requires talking to other people will
               | suffer, as they won't work at the same time. Some jobs
               | this is okay (e.g. open source development is very
               | asynchronous) but many are not.
               | 
               | If you move to deliverables, what happens if you don't
               | deliver on time? Do you not get paid?
               | 
               | Who sets the deliverables? How are they paid, if they are
               | the ones creating a nice deliverable structure for others
               | to get paid for delivering bits of?
               | 
               | How do we measure the value of each deliverable, to pay
               | accordingly?
               | 
               | How do we measure if you really delivered?
               | 
               | If the company decides the deliverable is no longer
               | valuable and stops it halfway, do you not get paid? Do
               | you get paid based on the estimated value (at the time
               | the work was agreed) of the bits you did do? Do you have
               | to negotiate that?
               | 
               | If you go on leave, should you not get paid?
               | 
               | If you deliver twice as fast, do you get paid faster?
               | 
               | How does "realisation of a function" work except based on
               | time? If I'm at a service desk, should I be paid nothing
               | if no tickets come in? Or should I be paid for... my
               | time?
               | 
               | What I'm driving at is you've invented something that
               | already exists: the fixed-price contract. Scope is
               | agreed, lawyers get involved to approve it, and finance
               | for its budget, you do the work, the scope slips in a way
               | that the customer believes was implied all along, you
               | bring in lawyers to fight, and you get paid at the end,
               | or not, and the work at the end probably suffers quality-
               | wise because you had a fixed-price deliverable, and the
               | faster you do it the more money you get. I don't think
               | many people are up for that; nor are many companies going
               | to go through that pain per-employee.
        
             | idontpost wrote:
        
         | kalcode wrote:
         | I get it is a strange idea. But putting a quote that doesn't
         | really have any substance isn't really an argument nor adding
         | value against it.
         | 
         | I think the idea of 4 days work week is asking to work outside
         | the box for a moment on what benefits this could entail for
         | different industry.
         | 
         | > To work all week is to surrender your will, working less is
         | the core of motivating man
         | 
         | (see this quote disagrees!)
        
         | socialismisok wrote:
         | Because the workers produce as much (or more) in that
         | arrangement.
        
           | mouzogu wrote:
           | more is never enough in the capitalist system
        
             | PM_me_your_math wrote:
             | And there is never enough food or liberty in socialist
             | systems. What is your point?
        
               | socialismisok wrote:
               | This is objectively false. Did you mean to say under
               | Stalinist systems?
        
             | shkkmo wrote:
             | If you have two equivalent competing companies, both paying
             | the same salaries to the same number of employees, and one
             | company accomplishes more by asking their workers to 4 day
             | weeks, then that company will be more successful and can
             | put the other one out of business.
             | 
             | Thus the key measure that this study would need to
             | demonstrate would be not that the productivity/worker-hour
             | ratio goes up but that also the productivity/worker-dollar
             | goes up. If the latter is true, a lot of companies are
             | going to take a close look at this because more is more.
        
             | Octoth0rpe wrote:
             | but more is still, well, more. So, it's still a better deal
             | for the company. Maybe we haven't found the optimal point,
             | but it definitely doesn't appear to be 40hours (or at
             | least, not 8 * 5).
        
             | erinaceousjones wrote:
             | This makes the assumption that capitalism exists in a
             | vacuum: It doesn't. Companies aren't *always* trying to
             | simply optimise for financial growth at all times. They're
             | made of humans, some of whom aren't necessarily
             | megacapitalists.
        
         | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
         | Most companies in my country pays developers by days and not
         | hours and this contract situation means that by law you have no
         | fixed schedule and can do the hours you want as long as you
         | deliver.
         | 
         | Of course, it means that you are actually working more hours
         | than what hourly workers do but on the flip side no one can
         | tell you anything if you disconnect for an hour in the middle.
        
       | joeman1000 wrote:
       | That's not an experiment, that's a rise in pay-rate... it's very
       | much past due in a lot of countries for a lot of job categories.
        
       | ITB wrote:
       | A lot of people have a goal to minimize work and maximize income,
       | and for those people, no matter what flexibility they are given,
       | they will continue to minimize productive work. It's sad in my
       | opinion, and it leads to hedonic pursuits instead of the
       | intrinsic satisfaction that comes from doing good work. But for
       | too many people work is about man vs "the man", instead of our
       | individual quest to do something interesting.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | If you keep people stressed, they become useless. Stressed
         | people get no intrinsic satisfaction from working, or almost
         | anything really.
        
         | vsareto wrote:
         | It's hard for a stoic mindset to pave over the fact that you're
         | only working a job because you have to. You'd see less of that
         | if we have a society that gives a decent standard of living
         | without having to work (ever), but even then, there will always
         | be people looking to game any system for the thrill of it.
         | That's the intrinsic satisfaction they get.
        
         | arcturus17 wrote:
         | A lot of businesses have a goal to maximize work and minimize
         | wages, and for those businesses...
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | "Darling I told you several times before. I have no dream job,
         | I do not dream of labor." -- James Baldwin
         | 
         | Not everyone wants interesting work. That's just a hobby you
         | get paid for.
        
       | thenerdhead wrote:
       | What's interesting to me is that I've seen many colleagues and
       | general sentiment towards using your own time off to make work
       | sustainable in this fashion of 4 day work weeks. They sacrifice
       | the ability to disconnect from work with regular 1-2 week
       | vacations however.
       | 
       | Also the increase of sabbatical years tends to show just how
       | unsustainable this can be over a long period. Especially in a
       | stressful position.
       | 
       | I don't think productivity is the right word to use. I would say
       | efficiency is better. Output vs outcome is important in knowledge
       | work.
        
       | mike503 wrote:
       | Compensation should be based on output. If hours translates to
       | more output (like an assembly line worker or something) - great.
       | Simply pay hourly and require minimum amount of hours (like 40)
       | with options for "go-getters" to work more if they want.
       | 
       | Plenty of jobs (like a lot of tech) should be based on "if you're
       | producing what we need from you (or more if you want) we're
       | happy" regardless of the hours.
        
         | yrgulation wrote:
         | I am always fascinated by people who want to earn less, pay
         | more in tax, have less rights, etc.
         | 
         | Curious, why would want to be paid by the hour instead of
         | getting the same pay for less hours as this experiment would
         | want to do? Technically thats a pay raise and better for your
         | quality of life.
        
         | cdkmoose wrote:
         | How would you measure output? How do you measure "what we need
         | from you"? As a software engineer a fair percent of my time was
         | spent in collaboration that sometimes manifested itself in
         | someone else's "output". Not advocating that hours are the best
         | measure, but there does need to be an accounting of my time
         | being available for others and not focused on my "output"
        
       | zach_garwood wrote:
       | I'm reminded of Parkinsons Law:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson%27s_law
        
       | Brian_K_White wrote:
       | I think I personally know many people that will simply use the
       | extra time to work another job, thus erasing the intended benefit
       | to the generous company.
       | 
       | They work you less so that you will have better morale and energy
       | and loyalty while you are there. But you use the time to collect
       | a 2nd paycheck, and the gets the same tired employee they would
       | have had if they just worked you fully the old way.
       | 
       | I don't know what could practically be done about that.
       | 
       | It also seems like a 6 month trial where the participants are
       | still the exception not the rule, doesn't really predict what
       | would happen if it became the rule. If most companies adopted
       | this as a norm, surely simply the average salery would just inch
       | down over time until it became essentially necessary and the norm
       | to work 2 jobs, since the 4-day job won't actually be enough by
       | itself except in theory, like how minimun wage is supposed to be
       | enough in theory.
       | 
       | There will always be huslters aggressively trying to maximize
       | every minute, and they will always set, or at least perturb, the
       | going rates for things. I think this experiment can only really
       | exist as a special bubble experiment where the ceos just wanted
       | to do it, and all employees were convinced to voluntarily play
       | along and not just fill the gap with a side job. Maybe there can
       | always be some few companies that can do it as their particular
       | distinctive policy just like there already are different
       | companies with different cultures and norms. But across the
       | board? I think the hustlers and hungry scrappers will just set
       | the going rates.
        
         | christkv wrote:
         | This mentality is less prevela t in Europe so that might be a
         | factor to keep in mind.
        
       | rr888 wrote:
       | Even with 5-day weeks lots of colleagues were running side
       | projects. Honestly a 4-day a week job WFH I'd probably try to run
       | two jobs at a time. I'm here to work and get paid, not have a
       | good balance.
        
       | lapser wrote:
       | The arguments against 4-day work weeks are slowly eroding, and
       | I'm here for it.
        
       | sam0x17 wrote:
       | At my previous startup we tried this with engineering and
       | actually saw a productivity _increase_ from 4-day work-week.
        
         | Arrath wrote:
         | I will say the morale improvement on my team when we switched
         | to 4/10s was worth it alone. We couldn't swing the reduction in
         | hours unfortunately.
        
           | Maxburn wrote:
           | This is a bit different from a 32 hour week.
           | 
           | But yes you will see productivity go UP with 4 10s. That's a
           | full days worth of break and lunch interruptions that isn't
           | there.
           | 
           | I switched to 4 10s a couple years back and it's nice, but
           | the days are quite long so anything else you plan to do
           | probably isn't happening. Like gym time, which is going to
           | cost long term.
        
             | Arrath wrote:
             | To be fair this was heavy construction, so a baseline of
             | physical activity was there. Out-of-town work as well, so
             | longer days were a bonus since off-duty time would be sent
             | sitting in your trailer or at the bar. An extra day to
             | travel and spend with the family at home was huge for the
             | guys.
             | 
             | > That's a full days worth of break and lunch interruptions
             | that isn't there.
             | 
             | A constant battle I've seen between superintendents and
             | schedulers/penny pincher types. "oh no we can't pay any
             | over time!" without realizing the productivity gains the
             | superintendent is chasing from the extra working time
             | unencumbered by extra breaks.
        
         | kazanz wrote:
         | Curious, was this increased productivity sustained? If so, for
         | how long?
        
       | thebigspacefuck wrote:
       | For me the real productivity benefit would be the 5th day when
       | nobody is "working" but I log in and have an entire full day to
       | focus without interruption.
        
         | kingofheroes wrote:
         | We tried this several times, specifically banning meetings on
         | Friday, and it never sticks. Some manager or executive always
         | winds up ignoring the rule and setting a meeting anyway, which
         | throws the whole thing out.
        
         | kwindla wrote:
         | We try to nudge towards making this possible by having a "soft
         | rule" discouraging scheduling any standing or cross-team
         | meetings on Fridays.
        
       | PM_me_your_math wrote:
        
         | boc wrote:
         | NPR is not funded in a significant way by the government. Only
         | about 4% of their annual funding is from government sources.
         | [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.influencewatch.org/non-profit/national-public-
         | ra...
        
           | PubliusMI wrote:
        
         | viscountchocula wrote:
         | What news source would you take seriously?
        
         | crdrost wrote:
         | You are failing to engage with the content here.
         | 
         | Work itself is behaving like a complex system with bottlenecks
         | and constraints and all that. The deadlines are being shown to
         | expand to the time allotted, in a similar fashion to how
         | opening a new lane on a highway often does not improve traffic
         | and might even make it worse.
         | 
         | In complex systems, the "greedy algorithm" (gradient descent)
         | fails. For example, you might see some welders playing cards,
         | and yell at them to go be doing work, (greedy algorithm: any
         | inefficiency you see, correct it immediately) but this might
         | cause huge delays for your customers rather than making things
         | faster. How? Well it comes down to why were they playing cards.
         | If it truly had to do with them being lazy, that's one thing.
         | The Union rep might even back you up and yell at them for you.
         | But they might also be implementing a low-latency subunit. They
         | don't have work to do right now and it's important that the
         | moment they have work to do, they can start it in an instant.
         | You send them all to look productive God knows where, then when
         | work comes in folks have to hunt them down and get them back
         | here. Or, the card playing could implement a backpressure
         | mechanism, "yeah we know the QC folks who will handle these are
         | still pretty swamped with the backlog..."
         | 
         | So if you give me a linear circuit comprised of resistors and
         | capacitors and inductors, and you propose increasing the
         | voltage on the lines that feed it, I know that other voltages
         | seen across the circuit will scale proportionately--this is
         | your "20% more." and same with "if I reduce this resistor's
         | resistance, more current will flow over there" etc. But once
         | you throw a diode or transistor in there, all bets are off!
         | "No, when you tweak this the diode goes from being forward
         | biased to being reverse biased and NO current flows over
         | there."
         | 
         | So it matters terribly much whether work is a simple linear
         | system or a complex of feedback loops.
        
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