[HN Gopher] Tesla has used space characters in internal emails t...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Tesla has used space characters in internal emails to identify
       leaks
        
       Author : BerislavLopac
       Score  : 459 points
       Date   : 2022-11-16 11:33 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | lagrange77 wrote:
       | Reminds me of the strategy of map companies, that planted tiny
       | errors or fictional streets in their maps, so that they can
       | identify other map companies, that copied their work.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_street
        
         | thedanbob wrote:
         | There was one of those near my house on our map when I was
         | growing up. I though it was just a weird mistake until years
         | later when I learned about this concept.
        
         | wmwmwm wrote:
         | I love this story about Agloe, New York - a "copyright trap"
         | that materialised into a real place:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agloe,_New_York
         | 
         | When another map maker put the actual settlement on their maps,
         | the original publishers cried foul, but then discovered Agloe
         | had become real!
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | > Agloe is a fictional hamlet
           | 
           | Very fitting, if people weren't sure if it 'be or not be'.
        
           | lalos wrote:
           | Agloe anagram of legal
        
             | scubbo wrote:
             | Uhh...
        
             | wmwmwm wrote:
             | Actually, I think it was the initials of the original
             | publishers
        
         | ilamont wrote:
         | "A BBC TV show called Map Man, broadcast in 2005, claimed the
         | London A-Z contains about 100 trap streets."
         | 
         | https://londonist.com/2015/11/london-trap-streets
         | 
         | Tangential: Are A-Z guides still a thing? I still have my old
         | one from many years back when I lived there.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | AKA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_trap.
        
         | aix1 wrote:
         | The following is only tangentially related, but somewhat
         | interesting. For most of its history the USSR systematically
         | distorted publicly available maps of the country, misplacing or
         | omitting streets and geographical features etc. This was done
         | as a security measure, while accurate maps were classified.
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/03/world/soviet-aide-admits-...
         | 
         | In contrast, the classified maps were remarkably detailed:
         | 
         | https://www.wired.com/2015/07/secret-cold-war-maps
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | China has a lot of mapmaking and GPS technology restrictions,
           | present day, for supposedly the same reasons.
        
             | sllabres wrote:
             | See e.g.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrictions_on_geographic_da
             | t...
        
           | mhh__ wrote:
           | Soviet maps of the UK are extremely detailed
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | Companies that sell things in catalogues also do this
        
         | dbatten wrote:
         | Google still does this! They seem to use some sort of
         | generative neural net to produce fake names, descriptions, and
         | even reviews for the trap locations.
         | 
         | You can report the location to Google as "bad data" and they'll
         | delete it, but then a totally different fake location will re-
         | appear in its place a few days later.
        
           | nix0n wrote:
           | I worked once with a contractor who did not have a physical
           | location for their business. They simply worked out of a
           | minivan which they drove to wherever they were needed. But
           | they pretended, to google, yelp, and probably others, to have
           | a business location.
        
       | staplung wrote:
       | It's called whitespace watermarking and seems to be one of those
       | ideas that keeps getting re-invented. It's used a lot,
       | particularly in HTML where the rendering hides the identifying
       | spaces. It can help you figure out if someone is scrapping your
       | content.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rcarmo wrote:
         | A couple of corporations back, I got fed up with a corporate
         | team who re-used my slides "creatively" without attribution and
         | added the words "rabid squirrels" in white text to both the
         | master slides and a few diagrams.
         | 
         | We used EMC's Team Rooms, and it was quite fun to run a full-
         | text search across our tenant a few months later.
        
         | haasted wrote:
         | Genius used a similar technique to check whether Google was
         | scraping their lyrics. Apostrophes in selected song lyrics
         | spelled out "red-handed" in morse code.
         | 
         | https://www.pcmag.com/news/genius-we-caught-google-red-hande...
        
           | no_carrier wrote:
           | Interesting... Google caught out Bing stealing search results
           | a number of years before that -
           | https://searchengineland.com/google-bing-is-cheating-
           | copying...
           | 
           | I guess engineers at Google have too short of tenure to
           | actually remember the precedent.
        
             | pb7 wrote:
             | > Google blames the issue on third-party licensing
             | partners. "The lyrics displayed in information boxes on
             | Google Search are licensed from a variety of sources and
             | are not scraped from sites on the web," the company said in
             | a statement.
             | 
             | Did you read the link?
        
         | theCrowing wrote:
         | yeah, the biggest case might have been Google vs genius. There
         | are also more elaborate things done for documents with a 500
         | company we rolled out fonts with slightly different hinting to
         | determine in which ring the leaks were happening.
        
         | salawat wrote:
         | Non-breaking whitespace/other non-rendered characters can
         | disrupt this type of technique. It can also be rendered moot by
         | photograph, transcription, paraphrasing, etc...
         | 
         | Hell, even a re-encode/format change, or stripping of format
         | info can moot the entire premise.
         | 
         | I welcome Musk to demonstrating his own psychosis/neurosis. It
         | doesn't really speak to any fundamental cleverness.
         | 
         | Furthermore, were I a journalist receiving such material, I'd
         | damn well make sure to change how I communicated it enough to
         | neutralize attempts at such watermarking, simply because I know
         | people are pre-disposed to such acts as he did.
         | 
         | In fact, if you're going for maximum Discordian Malcontent high
         | score, and you're confident you're operating under such
         | scrutiny, neutralize a copy you leak, then carefully
         | orchestrate the planting of false trails to keep the spook
         | wannabes chasing their tails, which can end up blowing back on
         | the orchestrator for waste of resources. This works better with
         | a larger team though where Spartacus dynamics start kicking in.
         | Sample size 1 tends to leave sufficient metadata from neutral
         | parties to rehome in on a common perpetrator.
         | 
         | This is why labor organization scares the living shit out of
         | people like Musk, and other large holders of capital/abusive
         | management types. Info asymmetry, fear, and disunity are some
         | of their most potent weapons.
         | 
         | Wisdom tends to prevail on the side of "don't do shit
         | somebody'd find leak worthy, and you won't have this problem".
        
         | greggsy wrote:
         | Margaret Thatcher did this in the 80's to help identify who was
         | leaking cabinet documents to the press.
         | 
         | I recall a story about Jobs tracking down leakers in his own
         | executive suite by telling each of them a slightly different
         | things in private. Not sure if it worked, but it can be a very
         | effective deterrent.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | > Margaret Thatcher did this in the 80's to help identify who
           | was leaking cabinet documents to the press.
           | 
           | Surely the extra whitespace would disappear in the DTP
           | systems used by the press?
        
             | egman_ekki wrote:
             | They could use typos in different words, though, right?
        
               | 9991 wrote:
               | Or synonyms, or alternate grammar that's functionally
               | equivalent. Lots of better ways that are completely
               | concealed, unless you see multiple drafts.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | Not if the papers printed photos of the docs.
        
             | thathndude wrote:
             | This is why any reputable journalist/leaker takes the
             | information and reproduces it prior to any dissemination
             | (hopefully destroying the original source material).
        
               | biztos wrote:
               | Wouldn't the "leakee" then be able to say you just made
               | it up?
        
               | kuschku wrote:
               | And this is why the media often can't actually show the
               | original sources.
        
               | jacobsenscott wrote:
               | Yes. But they'll say that anyway, even if you publish the
               | document in full. This is why a trusted free press
               | matters, and why authoritarians work so hard to undermine
               | it.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | A trusted _and_ free press huh. In what works of fiction
               | can I read about those?
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | Any historical text covering media ownership rules in the
               | US prior to the mid 90's would cover it.
               | 
               | If it must be fictional, try the original superman.
        
               | jacobsenscott wrote:
               | Fox News is mostly fictional stories about the free
               | press.
        
               | MengerSponge wrote:
               | See how the Intercept absolutely screwed Reality Winner
        
           | bloak wrote:
           | There's also something similar in "The human factor" by
           | Graham Greene, a good spy story.
        
           | enraged_camel wrote:
           | The trick is actually very, very old. Mapmakers used to add
           | very small and intentional "mistakes" to their maps so that
           | they could identify who was copying their work (because they
           | would copy the mistakes along with all the legit parts of the
           | map).
        
           | xdavidliu wrote:
           | The Jobs story sounds quite similar to what Tyrion Lannister
           | did to identify leaks in Game of Thrones.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/Di8Z7rJ9vnI
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | Tyrions plot has a flaw in that it's three versions of the
             | same story. If two or three betray him, he won't know and
             | he'll reveal to the queen that something is afoot.
             | 
             | He should have used different stories.
        
               | rocketbop wrote:
               | He did use different stories, he tells each one something
               | different.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | If Pycelle tells Cersei Dorne and Varys says Greyjoy and
               | Littlefinger says Vale then that's a problem as Cersei
               | won't act on the information.
               | 
               | It also might make her suspect misinformation as there
               | are three different values coming to her at once and
               | she'll have to deduce what's more likely that all three
               | informants are lying, or misunderstand, or Tyrion fed
               | them bad info.
               | 
               | Much more likely to have three independent stories so
               | that the traitors will be revealed even if there are
               | multiples.
               | 
               | In the current scenario, if Varys and Littlefinger snitch
               | then Tyrion won't know because Cersei will hear Greyjoy
               | and Vale and not reveal what she knows to Tyrion because
               | it conflicts as Myrcella can't be married to two
               | different groups.
               | 
               | The better scenario would be something like "Myrcella
               | marries Dorne to Pycelle; 1,000 ships sent to Westeros to
               | Varys; I'm appointing Jaime as lord of casterly rock"
               | then each betrayal could be known.
               | 
               | If Varys and Littlefinger snitch in this scenario Cersei
               | will look into ships and casterly rock and reveal the
               | betrayers to Tyrion.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | But it's a version of the same story. If the queen hears
               | that he's planning to marry Marcella off to Dorne and
               | Theon, she'll know that something's up.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | I worked with someone who would tell me very precise weird
           | personal details (eg, "the left side of my mouth can't
           | taste").
           | 
           | I found it odd because they weren't really pertinent and
           | seemed really unique that I've never heard of anyone else
           | with the condition.
           | 
           | I suspected he did this to try to determine who they can
           | trust when he would remark that people were liars or not
           | trustworthy and one time a coworker told me a completely
           | different weird detail about them.
           | 
           | I never got a chance to ask them about this technique before
           | we stopped working together.
        
             | david422 wrote:
             | So was he like ... hey bud, don't tell anyone this, but ...
             | "the left side of my mouth can't taste"
             | 
             | Because I can't figure out how this would be helpful in any
             | other context.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | He never said not to tell anyone but he brought up
               | several such details while we were working together. The
               | information wasn't really helpful for anything in that it
               | wasn't relevant to our work (making software).
               | 
               | I never revealed the info because it was said in
               | confidence. But we weren't really that close so it stood
               | out to me.
               | 
               | My example was made up but the actual factoids were about
               | medical issues and bodily functions. It wasn't creepy or
               | anything just not something I would want widely known.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | That sounds like a terrible workplace in general.
        
               | prepend wrote:
               | Nothing is perfect and there were trade offs. This person
               | was really smart so the stuff we made was interesting. I
               | wouldn't want to work in that org again but I'd gladly
               | work with that individual.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | True.
               | 
               | But also very interesting!
        
             | robby_w_g wrote:
             | This comes off more as pathologically lying rather than
             | paranoia.
        
           | nailer wrote:
           | Likewise Coleen Rooney, a football player's wife, did this to
           | unmask a gossip leaker:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagatha_Christie
        
           | simiones wrote:
           | It's pretty well known that map makers do this, adding non-
           | existent small localities to detect when someone is blindly
           | copying their work.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | adolph wrote:
             | Yes, it is a fascinating topic:
             | 
             |  _Fictitious or fake entries are deliberately incorrect
             | entries in reference works such as dictionaries,
             | encyclopedias (including Wikipedia), maps, and directories.
             | There are more specific terms for particular kinds of
             | fictitious entry, such as Mountweazel, trap street, paper
             | town, phantom settlement, and nihilartikel._
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictitious_entry
             | 
             |  _In cartography, a trap street is a fictitious entry in
             | the form of a misrepresented street on a map, often outside
             | the area the map nominally covers, for the purpose of
             | "trapping" potential plagiarists of the map who, if caught,
             | would be unable to explain the inclusion of the "trap
             | street" on their map as innocent. On maps that are not of
             | streets, other "trap" features (such as nonexistent towns,
             | or mountains with the wrong elevations) may be inserted or
             | altered for the same purpose._
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_street
        
             | zikduruqe wrote:
             | I used to work in a laboratory where we tested pre-
             | production cell phones (this was before the iPhone...).
             | Different OEMs would send us sample devices with different
             | fonts on the keypad, or with little blemishes on the
             | keypad, or would put little subtle cosmetic changes to
             | devices to catch leakers.
             | 
             | Funny when you would see devices pop up on the internet
             | with these little things, and wonder who lost their
             | contracts/jobs/etc/...
             | 
             | When Palm was creating the Pre, we had some security dude
             | come to our lab to show us how to securely store,
             | transport, test and inventory devices. It was crazy.
        
               | jimmySixDOF wrote:
               | I remember coming across these pirated DVDs etc where
               | they had some kind of Academy watermarks from pre release
               | or intros that were supposed to be give aways as to the
               | source path for smoke testing.
        
               | kotaKat wrote:
               | Funnily enough -- I came across a prototype Pantech
               | device and I suspect that it's not only disguised for the
               | carrier, but also the design and number of the Os could
               | help trace its origin.
               | 
               | https://www.ebay.com/itm/134172491386
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Same with dictionary makers, they will insert some credible
             | looking made-up words here and there. Wiki page:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictitious_entry
        
             | rolph wrote:
             | i wonder how many people have died or had life changing
             | experiences, because they thought there would be a village,
             | but found only rocks and bushes there.
        
               | Firmwarrior wrote:
               | It definitely caused someone to meet a bad end in "The
               | Annihilation of Angkor Apeiron"
        
           | iudqnolq wrote:
           | Boris Johnson planned to do it, but bragged in the press
           | about the plan before implementing it.
        
           | colejohnson66 wrote:
           | > I recall a story about Jobs tracking down leakers in his
           | own executive suite by telling each of them a slightly
           | different things in private.
           | 
           | Supposedly, even today, Apple will assign employees
           | (especially new ones) fake projects in an effort to weed out
           | leakers.
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | Good HTML parser libraries follow that part of the spec and
         | collapse multiple spaces into one.
        
         | bogomipz wrote:
         | Yes and similarly many printers and photo copiers have
         | something called MIC - machine identification codes:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Identification_Code
        
       | greyface- wrote:
       | Google circa 2011~2012 used unicode homoglyphs in all-employee
       | memos for the same purpose.
        
         | notRobot wrote:
         | Another comment from this thread backing this up:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33625024
        
         | jonhohle wrote:
         | I implemented this at Go Daddy for our internal KB around
         | 2006/7 after someone started leaking docs. It was pretty
         | reliable, but had some interesting failure modes: not being
         | able to search for words with transposed glyphs, excluding code
         | listings and other things that might be copy/pasted.
        
       | m2fkxy wrote:
       | A variant of the barium meal test, common in espionnage.
        
       | dvngnt_ wrote:
       | there should be an AI service that rephrases given text
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | Now do Apple.
        
       | 1letterunixname wrote:
       | That's genius. Watermarking with odd invisible and collation
       | Unicode characters. The only concern is it might be easy to
       | defeat with tools to detect Unicode confusables and invisible
       | characters.
        
       | praptak wrote:
       | Some primers about avoiding the basic mistakes when leaking
       | (don't read them from your work laptop obviously. That would be
       | the first mistake!):
       | 
       | https://freedom.press/news/sharing-sensitive-leaks-press/
       | 
       | https://mashable.com/article/leaking-hacking-data-nsa-anonym...
        
       | kodah wrote:
       | Think that's bad? Check out what Zoom has been up to for years
       | surrounding fingerprinting video.
        
       | theknocker wrote:
        
       | zzleeper wrote:
       | From Wikipedia:
       | 
       | After a series of leaks at Tesla Motors in 2008, CEO Elon Musk
       | reportedly sent slightly different versions of an e-mail to each
       | employee in an attempt to reveal potential leakers. The e-mail
       | was disguised as a request to employees to sign a new non-
       | disclosure agreement. The plan was undermined when the company's
       | general counsel forwarded his own unique version of the e-mail
       | with the attached agreement. As a result, Musk's scheme was
       | realized by employees who now had a safe copy to leak.[4
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | "Curses! Foiled again by my own insubordinates"
        
         | williamsmj wrote:
         | Yep. The story as Musk tells it, and as goes viral every couple
         | of months, is a lie.
        
           | tb0ne wrote:
           | Where has Musk told the story?
        
             | williamsmj wrote:
             | https://twitter.com/pnikosis/status/1592823543498436611.
             | Apparently that quote is from a (now deleted) tweet of his
             | per https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international
             | /worl....
        
       | GoOnThenDoTell wrote:
       | People will just collude by diff-ing the delivered material going
       | forward
        
       | dogman144 wrote:
       | If you're at a company that's incentivized to do insider threat
       | programs - big tech, finance, govt tech, any sort of serious
       | funding - these tactics are commonplace. If watermarked emails
       | seems over the top, there are almost certainly IT security tools
       | with extensive access running as a process on your machine for
       | this use case too.
        
         | dogman144 wrote:
         | To be more clear - if you're doing anything other than work
         | stuff on your work computer, bad call. It's almost certainly
         | logged somehow/somewhere in the company, and just depends on if
         | the company has the staffing to check.
         | 
         | With ithreat, there is someone checking who doesn't care about
         | your reddit use.
         | 
         | But, The 1-2 blend of insider threat programs having the access
         | and wfh productivity suspicions increasing makes me think mgmt
         | will poke under the hood in these logs beyond I-threat concerns
         | at some point soon.
        
       | yumraj wrote:
       | Is there a mass email software that supports this? I haven't seen
       | it.
       | 
       | On a separate note, I'm sure that by now he's pretty much
       | destroyed the entire culture there. So, while many folks will
       | hang around for now, since economy, but most are possibly
       | thinking of leaving. In the end only the most desperate will be
       | left there, so yeah, pretty _hardcore_.
        
       | bparsons wrote:
       | Distributing unique, but similar documents is a pretty standard
       | method of document control/leak detection. It was certainly not
       | invented by Musk or anyone at Tesla.
        
       | defterGoose wrote:
       | Kinda surprised Elon didn't just do around spraying everyone with
       | soapy water. Easier to implement and more sadistic.
        
       | colesantiago wrote:
       | just take a screenshot with a camera on the content [0], duh.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_hole
        
       | silversmith wrote:
       | It warms my heart that practices we used to use in EvE Online
       | forums to identify internet spaceship strategy leakers are now
       | being applied more widely :)
        
       | otikik wrote:
       | Thisiswhyineverusespaces.Problemsolved.
        
         | jwozn wrote:
         | ^ Surprisingly easy to read... Youmightbeontosomething
        
         | prox wrote:
         | But since you are the only one doing this...
        
           | LanceH wrote:
           | If he just pulls out the verb and puts it on the end, he can
           | mingle with the Germans.
        
       | not1ofU wrote:
       | Not sure I beleive this, I think this is parallel construction.
       | Because why would they give away the method they used?
        
       | nzach wrote:
       | Microsoft used the same idea to caught leakers working with the
       | new dashboard for the xbox360:
       | https://www.gamerevolution.com/news/469221-how-microsoft-cau...
       | 
       | The difference is that in the 360 dashboard they used
       | "decorative" rings to encode the information.
        
         | arantius wrote:
         | This sounds interesting. Sadly the link (to the tweet) in that
         | article is broken. This appears to be a screenshot of the tweet
         | in question: https://old.reddit.com/r/xboxone/comments/a4y3n8
        
       | josefresco wrote:
       | What's the best process to strip these hidden characters? Is the
       | an app, or web service that will "clean" the copy?
        
         | JustSomeNobody wrote:
         | Copy paste the text into and console text editor. Should easily
         | see the "hidden" characters, then.
        
         | vntok wrote:
         | It could be only hidden characters, but it could also be (and
         | it most likely actually is also) a few commas instead of full
         | stops, words like "many" replaced by "a lot of" or any other
         | kind of substitution really.
        
         | Karawebnetwork wrote:
         | Translate it back & forth. It'll as a bonus also clear out any
         | specific words used to trap you.
        
         | selfhoster11 wrote:
         | Retyping it by hand is far safer.
        
         | glonq wrote:
         | Do a search-and-replace to change all double spaces to single.
        
         | Asdrubalini wrote:
         | Just use a for loop in Python over all characters and ignore
         | each char that is not in the ASCII range of letters, numbers
         | and punctuation. Or retype by hand if you don't know Python.
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | cat document | tr -dc '[A-Za-z0-9.,!@$%*()/?" -]'
        
         | bloak wrote:
         | It's often a good idea to check for weird characters in a text
         | file. Something like this:
         | 
         | cat file.txt | perl -C63 -pe '$_ = join("\n", split(//, $_));'
         | | sort | uniq -c
         | 
         | I've found lots of errors that way: BOMs in the middle of a
         | file, different kinds of dash, quotation marks or brackets that
         | don't match, ...
        
         | berkes wrote:
         | There's a rather old service to clean such copy. It's a called
         | a printer and while it will remove spacing and other invisible
         | characters, the process of printing onto paper hardly ever
         | works. Despite hardware for doing so have been on market for
         | decades.
        
           | vntok wrote:
           | The printer will not remove any spacing, and it will not fix
           | word substitutions.
           | 
           | However it will add almost invisible markings onto the paper
           | itself, such that the page can be linked to the actual
           | printer, exact timestamp and username of the person who
           | printed.
        
             | pwg wrote:
             | > However it will add almost invisible markings onto the
             | paper itself
             | 
             | That only happens on color printers. It is called Machine
             | Identification Code (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_
             | Identification_Code).
             | 
             | Supposedly the reason is to trap currency counterfeiters.
             | 
             | Black and white printers do not add such dots.
        
         | bricss wrote:
         | RegExp
        
         | aitchnyu wrote:
         | Paraphrasing would help identifying person by writing style,
         | IIRC by leaking specialist. It could also erase hidden signals
         | in the message.
        
         | chii wrote:
         | if the steganography signature is unique to the user receiving
         | the content, then you might have to diff it with someone else's
         | to see it (otherwise, you cannot really guess where the changes
         | are which steganographically stores your identity).
         | 
         | If it is the same content for all users receiving the text,
         | then you can just retype the text (not copy/paste) into a
         | different file. Of course, authenticity comes to question if
         | you whistleblow by doing this.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | The only really foolproof way is to convert the text to a
         | bitmap and then OCR it, to ensure you aren't trapped by
         | lookalike glpyhs or varying spaces. (OCR will generally make
         | all spaces single, since spacing varies so widely in practice
         | due to things like justification. It also usually makes all
         | quotes straight since the per-font variation makes it too hard
         | to distinguish open/close quotes.)
         | 
         | You can do this easily enough on MacOS simply by taking a
         | screenshot, pasting it into Preview, selecting the text with
         | its automatic OCR, and copying.
         | 
         | Of course you still need to worry about whether line lengths
         | are varied per-recipient, or even the wording of the e-mail
         | itself. But the above will at least take care of glyphs.
        
       | djohnston wrote:
       | I was thinking about this recently, couldn't you alter one word
       | in message to create two copies, and then basically perform
       | binary search until you find the person?
        
         | _wolfie_ wrote:
         | Yep. It was used in EVE: Online multiple times :)
        
           | mirages wrote:
           | Or hiding user ID in either the background of the forum
           | playing on the alpha channel or using a special formula to
           | hide the ID inside displayed users scores to identify who is
           | leaking forum's info to other alliances.
           | 
           | (back when forums were still a thing)
        
         | SeanAnderson wrote:
         | Yes
        
         | eesmith wrote:
         | Tom Clancy in the book "Patriot games" (1987), p86 at
         | https://archive.org/details/patriotgamesclan00clan/page/86/m...
         | :
         | 
         | > ... first draft of the report, I came up with an idea to make
         | each one unique."
         | 
         | > "They've been doing that for years," Holmes noted. "All one
         | must do is misplace a comma here and there. Easiest thing in
         | the world. If the newspeople are foolish enough to print a
         | photograph of the document, we can identify the leak."
         | 
         | > "Yes, sir, and the reporters who publish the leaks know that,
         | too. They've learned not to show photographs of the documents
         | they get from their sources, haven't they?" Ryan answered.
         | "What I came up with was a new twist on that. _Agents and
         | Agencies_ has four sections. Each section has a summary
         | paragraph. Each of those is written in a fairly dramatic
         | fashion. "
         | 
         | > "Yes, I noticed that," Charleston said. "Didn't read like a
         | CIA document at all. More like one of ours. We use people to
         | write our reports, you see, not computers. Do go on."
         | 
         | > "Each summary paragraph has six different versions, and the
         | mixture of those paragraphs is unique to each numbered copy of
         | the paper. There are over a thousand possible permutations, but
         | only ninety-six numbered copies of the actual document. The
         | reason the summary paragraphs are so -- well, lurid, I guess --
         | is to entice a reporter to quote them verbatim in the public
         | media. If he quotes something from two or three of those
         | paragraphs, we know which copy he saw and, therefore, who
         | leaked it. They've got an even more refined version of the trap
         | working now. You can do it by computer. You use a thesaurus
         | program to shuffle through synonyms, and you can make every
         | copy of the document totally unique."
        
           | FartyMcFarter wrote:
           | I believe the novel "The Word" by Irving Wallace (1972)
           | features something similar, if I remember correctly.
        
             | eesmith wrote:
             | Found it!
             | https://archive.org/details/word0000wall/page/336/mode/2up
             | 
             | > "... Say we send this memo to the same people who
             | received the other memo -- well, we don't have to include
             | anyone in this room -- you're in on it -- but we'll send
             | copies to every one of the others. Each copy of the new
             | memo would be exactly the same, except for one word. In
             | each memo there would be one word not in the others. We
             | would keep a record of the person to whom we sent the memo
             | -- and beside his name we would jot the unique word that
             | was in his memo. Do you see what I'm driving at? When the
             | memo goes out, the person here who is betraying us will
             | pass it on word for word to de Vroome, isn't that so? Your
             | informer in de Vroome's headquarters would learn of it and
             | report back to you. Since no memorandum would be precisely
             | the same as the others, because of the single word change,
             | you'd look for the different word in the memo de Vroome
             | received and be able to find out the person who had passed
             | on his copy of the memo. You'd know your traitor."
        
               | FartyMcFarter wrote:
               | Nice, thank you! I tried to CTRL-F it myself there and
               | hadn't managed.
        
         | willis936 wrote:
         | I believe Tyrion did this trick to find out who he could trust
         | while he was serving as Hand of the King.
        
           | m2fkxy wrote:
           | It's called a barium meal test, or canary trap.
        
       | hash872 wrote:
       | Ashlee Vance's biography of Musk (from a few years ago) had a fun
       | similar story. Someone inside Tesla wrote a letter, I believe
       | complaining about product defects, which was printed by a media
       | outlet. Figuring that the leaker printed the letter at Tesla
       | offices (i.e. likely didn't have a printer at home), Musk re-
       | typed the letter in Word, found out exactly how many kilobytes a
       | Word file with that exact text would be, then searched the
       | printer logs for who printed a file with precisely that many KBs
       | recently. Doing this, he found the leaker. (It's been a few years
       | since I read the book so a couple of the details may be off, but
       | that was the gist of the story)
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Err, did he find the leaker or just anybody who'd printed that
         | file? Hypothetically one person could have printed it at work
         | while the leaker printed it at home, right?
        
           | 6LLvveMx2koXfwn wrote:
           | Perhaps Musk's shoddy logic is what's currently pushing
           | Twitter to the brink!
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | I'm sure the belief that one can find a technological
             | solution to any problem, including social and
             | organizational ones, wouldn't help.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Would you please stop posting unsubstantive comments, e.g.
             | snark, putdowns, and swipes? You've been doing it
             | repeatedly and we've asked you not to, repeatedly.
             | 
             | No one is saying you owe billionaire CEOs better but you
             | owe this community better if you're participating in it.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | You haven't asked me repeatedly to stop doing this. It's
               | the first time. I see far worse crap from other users all
               | the time. It kind of looks like you're protecting paulg
               | and elon from criticism.
               | 
               | You did shut my account down previously but it was
               | determined you were mistaken.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | There were at least these occasions:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30249117 (Feb 2022)
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29895865 (Jan 2022)
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29346858 (Nov 2021)
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17682627 (Aug 2018)
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7668442 (April 2014)
               | 
               | Since you replied to most of those, I assume you saw
               | them.
               | 
               | > You did shut my account down previously but it was
               | determined you were mistaken.
               | 
               | We weren't mistaken. We rate limited your account
               | correctly because you were breaking the site guidelines.
               | I removed the rate limit because you emailed and asked
               | us, and because at that point I looked at your recent
               | history and it seemed your comments had been fine for a
               | while.
               | 
               | When we take a rate limit off, and then an account
               | reverts to its old guidelines-breaking habits, we put the
               | rate limit back on. Please fix this so we don't have to.
               | It's nothing personal--we're just trying to protect the
               | forum from poisoning itself.
               | 
               | This has zero to do with protecting any famous individual
               | from criticism--if you or anyone else doubts this, just
               | do some comment searches using HN Search (there's a
               | search box at bottom of each page here) and you'll soon
               | disabuse yourself of that illusion.
        
         | bArray wrote:
         | To be really secure when leaking typed documents, I get 5
         | colleagues together and we whisper the leak along the line, so
         | that many of the words are changed by the end. For each word we
         | are randomly spaced to defeat Musk's space-based detection.
         | 
         | We then take the output of this and transcribe it over an old
         | HAM radio to a friend in China. He lives on a farm, so he then
         | dictates it to a chicken who writes it in the sand. He quickly
         | takes a picture before the wind erases it.
         | 
         | He then contacts a US media publisher under the name 'Whu Lee
         | K', and they print it as is! What a wonderful time to be alive.
        
           | blowski wrote:
           | Are you not worried the chicken is a Musk informant?
           | Shouldn't you be using a range of animals who each only have
           | access to part of the message?
        
         | rideontime wrote:
         | Absolutely fake. The tell is that Musk himself did all the
         | sleuthing.
        
         | tsss wrote:
         | There's no way someone as stupid as him thought of that.
        
         | FartyMcFarter wrote:
         | Printing out whistleblower letters using work hardware is not a
         | smart idea...
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | yeah i always thought the SOP was to take a picture of your
           | screen with a camera. Print that out at home, manually
           | mark/cut out the parts you don't want to leak, take another
           | picture, print, and leak that copy.
        
         | thih9 wrote:
         | Moral of the story, if you're about to leak data, don't use a
         | company printer. Or, for that matter, anything that would log
         | that leak and could be traced to you.
         | 
         | Like other commenters, I find it hard to believe that this
         | actually happened.
        
         | orangepurple wrote:
         | This is called parallel construction. The story as told didn't
         | actually happen IMO.
        
           | xeromal wrote:
           | I don't know the truth of this specific story, but I will
           | note that the Ashley Vance book wasn't an autobiography. I
           | believe musk asked him not to write the book.
        
         | ranting-moth wrote:
         | Yet another reason to lock your screen when you stand up. The
         | guy could have printed it from someone else's computer.
         | 
         | It seems incredibly naive to print out a leak letter from work.
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | I was always curious if you could search printer logs for
         | details of who printed what at a company but never really spent
         | much thought process on it. Clearly you can.
        
         | salmaanp wrote:
         | if they were using mac, better way would just be to check
         | /var/spool/cups and see if the file is present.
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | > Figuring that the leaker printed the letter at Tesla offices
         | (i.e. likely didn't have a printer at home)
         | 
         | sounds like this was likely an internal report (which would
         | have been printed at the office as part of one's work), which
         | later made its way to the media, rather than some letter
         | stealthily written and sent to the media (which would have been
         | unlikely to be printed at the office)
        
         | yborg wrote:
         | Don't most large office printers watermark all pages anyway?
         | Our Ricoh did.
        
         | dagmx wrote:
         | Not to be a party pooper , but afaik this story didn't happen
         | and has actually been told for years attributed to various
         | different people and agencies.
        
           | maigret wrote:
           | That's how legends get built.
        
         | njovin wrote:
         | The most impressive/unbelievable part of this story is that 2
         | Word files, created separately, ended up with the same exact
         | file size. I'd assume with all of the Metadata they cram in
         | that this would be unlikely.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | I can imagine that a company actually saves everything being
           | printed for security / auditing reasons, along with who
           | issued the print request, etc.
        
             | datadata wrote:
             | I think such a company would equally want to not retain
             | such records (at least not indefinitely), for fear of
             | discovery in legal processes, etc.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | Or most likely laziness.
        
               | mpweiher wrote:
               | Or a fortuitous combination of the two...
        
             | mattkrause wrote:
             | Doing that suggests they think that the threat from
             | insiders >>> outsiders.
        
               | voakbasda wrote:
               | It always is. Insiders have more access. They are
               | trusted. That makes them a much greater threat if they
               | decide to do harm.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | I think that ... _certain nations_ ... are quite good at
               | playing  "the long game," and often have their plants
               | hired by companies; sometimes at fairly senior/sensitive
               | levels. They may not even start phoning home, until they
               | have had a few promotions.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | Well when the concern is leaked internal memos, that is a
               | very reasonable assumption.
        
           | snickerbockers wrote:
           | OP says he compared them in terms of KBs, if this is taken
           | literally then he didn't check to see if they were exactly
           | the same length. Assuming that the two word documents are
           | actually identical except for metadata, I wouldn't expect the
           | size discrepancy to be on the order of kilobytes.
           | 
           | Still a reckless way to identify the leaker, there's plenty
           | of reasonable doubt if all they have to go on is the size of
           | the document that was printed.
        
           | schemescape wrote:
           | The simplest answer is that this didn't happen and it's just
           | a myth.
        
             | 411111111111111 wrote:
             | Honestly speaking, the story sounds somewhat believable to
             | me.
             | 
             | They likely misidentified the leaker with that silly
             | analysis and fired them on the spot, would be just the
             | usual modus operandi of musk.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | they probably narrowed it down to one person and
               | approached them with the logs and "admit and be fired or
               | don't admit and legal (and all the bad/expensive stuff
               | that comes with that) will be engaged to get to the
               | bottom of it starting with you".
        
               | fakethenews2022 wrote:
               | You can also easily narrow it down to a time period. Find
               | out when leak occurred and then look at prints shortly
               | before that.
        
               | fakethenews2022 wrote:
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | Two different leaks. One was a printed word file. One was
               | a double-space-encoded email.
        
               | leereeves wrote:
               | How likely is it that there would just happen to be a
               | file with exactly the same _wrong_ size in the printer
               | logs?
        
               | whatwherewhy wrote:
               | Maybe there was few % error but no other candidate.
        
               | brodo wrote:
               | I'd say if the letter was short it's pretty likely.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | Which printers in that timeframe ever directly printed
               | word files?
        
               | simondotau wrote:
               | It would be the resulting spool file that gets measured,
               | not the source Doc file.
        
             | bombastry wrote:
             | I agree; this story is apocryphal. I was annoyed enough
             | that I did some research into the story. Via this Atlantic
             | article[1], I found the original Valleywag post[2]
             | containing the letter from the employee. It's worth noting
             | that the letter from the employee is pure text (i.e. not a
             | scan of a letter), is only 170 words long, and has a couple
             | of misspellings. The Valleywag post provides a paraphrasing
             | of what the employee told them, followed by what seems to
             | be the entire body of the email that they received.
             | 
             | The Musk detective work is described by Vance in a
             | footnote:
             | 
             | "Musk would later discover the identity of this employee in
             | an ingenious way. He copied the text of the letter into a
             | Word document, checked the size of the file, sent it to a
             | printer, and looked over the logs of printer activity to
             | find one of the same size. He could then trace that back to
             | the person who had printed the original file. The employee
             | wrote a letter of apology and resigned."
             | 
             | This leaves me a with more than a few questions:
             | 
             | 1. Why would this email/letter have been printed out? It's
             | short, informal, and did not seem to contain any corporate
             | materials that would require access from a work computer.
             | Surely, this would be better sent as an email from a
             | personal computer? All I can think of is that the employee
             | did print some kind of private company information (perhaps
             | as proof?) to send to Valleywag. But wouldn't this mean
             | that the print-job sizes wouldn't match since there would
             | be printed materials not made public? It seems beyond
             | insane to physically mail a tip to a gossip site that was
             | built around emailed tips.
             | 
             | 2. If this was sent as a physical letter, why would the
             | quote in the article contain the typos? Why would they even
             | take the time to type up the entire letter when the article
             | summarizes every single point that the Tesla employee
             | mentioned? Shouldn't they have taken some care to not
             | verbatim reproduce text that could have gotten their source
             | into trouble? I will say that the minimal journalistic
             | standards employed by former Gawker-network sites provide
             | convenient explanations to these questions, so these aren't
             | particularly damning.
             | 
             | 3. Is this really all the text that was sent to Valleywag?
             | The quoted part of the letter provides no salutation or
             | signature. Sending this text exactly as quoted as a
             | physical letter seems bizarre, even for an anonymous tip.
             | 
             | 4. Would the sizes of the files sent to the printer even
             | match up considering the document metadata? This actually
             | seems somewhat plausible.
             | 
             | 5. Would the print-job really be the best way to figure out
             | who the leaker was? In October 2008, before the letter was
             | written, Tesla only had 363 employees[3] and may have laid
             | off a few dozen of them before this letter was written.
             | This employee claims to have joined in 2004. A Wired
             | article from 2006[4] mentions a meeting of 30 Tesla
             | employees and board members in December 2004. It seems like
             | there are a very small number of people who could have been
             | the potentially leaker. How many of those people were using
             | the corporate printers the day after the mentioned all-
             | hands meeting to print a single page document?
             | 
             | --------
             | 
             | I imagine that this story was told to present Musk as
             | smarter than everyone else while also threatening
             | disloyalty, which seems to be a frequent Musk bugbear. The
             | bit about the caught employee writing a letter of apology
             | and then resigning (amidst large-scale layoffs at Tesla in
             | 2008!) also seems a little too cute, in a chain-email-
             | atheist-professor-humiliated-by-freshman-Albert-Einstein
             | kind of way.
             | 
             | --------
             | 
             | [1] https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/06/
             | elon-...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.gawker.com/5071621/tesla-motors-
             | has-9-million-in...
             | 
             | [3] https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-oct-25-fi-
             | tesla...
             | 
             | [4] https://www.wired.com/2006/08/tesla-3/
        
               | jwilk wrote:
               | The wired.com link doesn't work me ("Sorry, something has
               | gone wrong"). Archived copy:
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20221116003941/https://www.wi
               | red...
        
             | germandiago wrote:
             | You could use bounds from x KB to y KB if you know the
             | version of Word used and try to approach.
             | 
             | It is a difficult task, anyways.
        
             | eschneider wrote:
             | The size of the saved word file (depending on exactly how
             | it was saved and what version) will vary depending on how
             | it was edited, and yeah, what metadata is there, so this
             | seems...wrong.
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | The OP talks about the size in kilobytes, not bytes. That
           | will almost certainly give false positives, but if you limit
           | the time range, it may not be that bad.
           | 
           | Not a bad idea for initial filtering, I think, but I doubt it
           | would hold up in court on itself.
        
             | tomhallett wrote:
             | Agreed - the goal isn't "the KB's prove you are guilty".
             | It's metadata which serves as a means to reduce the number
             | of computers you need to examine with a more complex/manual
             | search (deleted files, temporary/corrupted files, word
             | document history, interviewing the employee, comparing the
             | material in the document with the role/responsibilities of
             | the employee, etc).
        
             | throwntoday wrote:
             | I think you're forgetting that he could just re-print the
             | file once he had located which printer it was on to verify.
             | Once verified it's the file in question, you could easily
             | check which device sent it to the printer.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | lowbloodsugar wrote:
           | Parallel construction.
        
           | rurp wrote:
           | This was my first thought as well. Is the file size really
           | that precisely deterministic from a mammoth program like Word
           | given different dates, machines, versions, etc?
           | 
           | Given that Musk is not the most reliable narrator, to say the
           | least, I'm skeptical of this story. I'm sure he sees plenty
           | of utility in appearing omniscient to frighten potential
           | leakers.
        
           | courgette wrote:
           | Same here, maybe Tesla as a homogeneous word deployment?
           | 
           | I'm sure between various version there is difference in what
           | is produced.
           | 
           | Unless you can ask word for the equivalent of a postscript ?
        
             | some_random wrote:
             | From what I've heard of their engineering practices, it
             | would be shocking if any deployment they have is
             | homogeneous
        
             | thegeomaster wrote:
             | I believe the printer logs would contain the size of a
             | Postscript-like equivalent, not the docx itself. I wonder
             | if the story is missing the detail of submitting the new
             | Word file to a printer and checking the size. Or he fired
             | someone random where Word doc size == printer input size.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jnsie wrote:
           | had the exact same thought. if anyone works in-office and has
           | the time/capacity (don't get fired) to do this with some
           | colleagues, it'd be a fun and interesting experiment!
        
           | TheCraiggers wrote:
           | He searched the _printer logs_. Presumably when Word sends
           | stuff to the printer, it doesn 't bother with all the
           | extraneous garbage it puts in files. Printer communication
           | hasn't changed much in decades.
        
             | smt88 wrote:
             | If he had access to printer logs, he would know exactly
             | what everyone printed and when they did it.
             | 
             | Networked printers store a lot of information about what is
             | being printed.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | In general a lot of metadata is kept, but very rarely is
               | the full print content kept (though in some organizations
               | it may be for security review). The difficulty here is
               | figuring what metadata is relevant, in this case size was
               | the most important.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | Still. He'd have to have the same normal.dot, make the same
             | space/tab choices, same fonts, etc.
             | 
             | And in a large company, how many ~1 page letters get
             | printed? What are the odds that there is only a single
             | match in the entire company?
             | 
             | I take this story similar to the binary coded space story:
             | more likely to be apocryphal and promoted to deter future
             | leakers than true stories about catching them in the past.
        
               | lr4444lr wrote:
               | Perhaps it wasn't an exact byte match, but close enough
               | to only 1 print job size within a reasonable time frame.
        
               | barelysapient wrote:
               | Exactly this. If you know that its around 36kb, and had
               | to be printed between two dates, the list narrows
               | substantially. And more than likely, the printer queue or
               | corporate compliance tools had additional functionality
               | that made such a search trivial.
               | 
               | I have my own story about this: In the early 2010's I had
               | a boss that loved to call us and check in every day. We
               | were a remote team and he had anxiety that we were all
               | larking off. I later learned his technique was to open
               | the dropbox admin tools to see the location of someone
               | before calling them. "So, BarelySapient, where are you
               | working at today?", he'd ask in a cheerful tone. But in
               | reality, he was testing employee truthfulness. Every
               | call. He later fired one of my co-workers when they
               | reported to be working from home, but dropbox reported
               | them somewhere in the Florida keys....
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | ... and here I'm just happy about German employee and EU
               | data protection laws. This kind of abuse would be plainly
               | illegal here and entitle the employee to significant
               | compensation.
        
               | simondotau wrote:
               | What part would be illegal?
        
               | rurp wrote:
               | Certainly possible, but also relies on the assumption
               | that this was done on company equipment. When leaking
               | info under a vindictive boss I would think opsec rule #1
               | is avoid company equipment as much as possible. Even
               | without a printer at home, it's quite easy to send a
               | print job to a local office or shipping store.
        
               | zakki wrote:
               | Or take A picture of the letter Or retype the letter
               | using leaker's own smartphone.
        
               | jstarfish wrote:
               | Ironically, we had an employee appear to exfiltrate data
               | through a print shop. They almost got away with it
               | unnoticed.
               | 
               | The USB stick they used to make the transfer contracted
               | ransomware from the public terminal, which put everyone
               | on high alert when it was next introduced into the
               | corporate network.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | Data exfiltration is an extremely dangerous risk in the
               | world of corporate espionage, especially for a company
               | like Tesla that is trying to be first to market with
               | something as massive as FSD.
               | 
               | There is no way I would send anything to an external
               | print shop from company equipment; they are almost
               | certainly on top of that as well.
        
               | rurp wrote:
               | This has gotten me genuinely curious, I wonder what the
               | safest way to get a document like that onto your own
               | device is. Printing it on a work printer doesn't seem
               | ideal, but I don't really know what the best approach is.
               | Maybe emailing it to an outside address or sharing it as
               | a document via Dropbox or similar? Copying to physical
               | storage? All of those seem fairly easy to monitor as well
               | though.
               | 
               | If any infosec experts feel like chiming in I'd love to
               | learn more.
        
               | brookst wrote:
               | Take photo of screen with phone camera, carry it home,
               | OCR. If you're really paranoid you don't want to send the
               | document's bytes off your system or use any unusual
               | program (e.g. steganography) to edit them.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | It will always be a game of cat and mouse. Your
               | protections for leaking are limited to legal
               | whistleblower protections against retaliation, so odds
               | are anything suggested here will potentially be traceable
               | or suspicious, which may invite further scrutiny.
        
               | OkayPhysicist wrote:
               | Anything done on a corporate machine needs to be assumed
               | monitored. The paranoid approach would be to fully power
               | off the machine, take the hard drive out, then use an
               | independent machine to mount and read the data off that.
               | Now, if they suspect that approach, or they suspect you
               | personally, there will likely be evidence of your
               | hardware tampering. But it would thwart automated mass-
               | surveillance solutions.
        
               | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
               | Sheesh, Tesla FSD would be even worse than the "secret
               | Coca-Cola formula", no one would even want to be in the
               | same computer with it.
               | 
               | Now, production cost figures and schedules ...
        
               | FerociousTimes wrote:
               | > I take this story similar to the binary coded space
               | story: more likely to be apocryphal and promoted to deter
               | future leakers than true stories about catching them in
               | the past.
               | 
               | Or have a printer at home on stand-by for your leak press
               | releases. If I were Musk, I would have fired him/her not
               | for being a snitch, but for his/her sloppiness and
               | overall carelessness and lack of discipline.
        
               | Gordonjcp wrote:
               | It's probably not the only bit of evidence. "Hmm, it's
               | about the same size, it was printed at about the right
               | time and... yeah it sounds like *that* guy, let's see
               | what else he printed - oh, nothing? Cool."
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Is that so unlikely? They would be on the same network,
               | same configuration.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | You could filter on time and size and then get a subset
               | of likely candidates and whittle it down to the expected
               | people.
        
               | Firmwarrior wrote:
               | Could be the case that there were only a handful of
               | things printed at the whole company in a week,
               | considering how obsolete paper has been getting
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | I would imagine any two computers at Tesla have a very
               | good chance of having identical normal.dot, and font can
               | be determined by looking at the letter. For a letter, who
               | is using tabs for anything but the start of paragraphs?
               | Even if it's not perfect, it's unlikely to change the
               | size of a word document (which is likely <25 kB to begin
               | with) by a full kilobyte.
               | 
               | Basically all it would tell you is the number of word
               | documents with approximately the same amount of text were
               | printed, plus or minus about a paragraph. Letters aren't
               | frequently printed and the contents of the leak would
               | almost certainly limit the number of suspects to a small
               | handful of people. It's not hard at all to believe that
               | in a group of ~50 people and a time window of ~1 week you
               | might only have one even close match.
        
             | moron4hire wrote:
             | It is also possible he's just a lunatic who fired an
             | innocent person.
        
               | aaron695 wrote:
        
               | savanaly wrote:
               | What are the odds that he calculated a certain number of
               | bytes, and exactly one other employee had sent a file to
               | the printer that contained that number, but it was just a
               | coincidence? If the method indeed doesn't work (as you
               | suggest "is possible") it's impossible it would turn up a
               | false positive, only a false negative.
        
               | capitol_ wrote:
               | It's also possible that he calculated the number of
               | bytes, searched the logs, didn't find anything and then
               | tweaked his numbers until something matched. And then
               | fired that random person to make a statement and lied
               | about how he found out who to fire.
        
               | politician wrote:
               | This approach would work in isolation, but by failing to
               | find the true leaker would result in them being empowered
               | to leak more over time. Is there evidence that Tesla has
               | a lot of regular leaks?
        
               | savanaly wrote:
               | I didn't mean to claim other than that anything is
               | _possible_. I was just saying the original theory put
               | forward wasn 't internally logical.
        
               | blarghyblarg wrote:
               | almost as good as the odds that he got something pretty
               | close, then changed the details a bit to fit the
               | narrative.
               | 
               | or, he stayed up for two days until he got it exactly to
               | match by tweaking his approach a little at a time, and
               | actually matched it to the right person. Honestly, he
               | seems like he'd do this.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | Sounds like a fun project any hacker would get distracted
               | by.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | You wouldn't do that though, would you? You'd type the
               | thing up, print it, see that the printer received a 4.7
               | KB (or whatever) doc and look for a 4-6 KB doc the week
               | of the leak, and then you have 100 documents to go
               | through, rather than 100000.
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | Or lying. When you are rich or famous people or in vogue
               | socially let you get away with these stories e.g.
               | Consider feynmans "I'm modest but look at my genius"-isms
        
               | tsol wrote:
               | Yeah exactly. My thought was he probably found the leaker
               | in a much more mundane way, but being undeniably great at
               | PR he decided to spice up the story with this little bit
               | of detective work. It sounds so clever you want to
               | believe it, even if it's pretty impractical(not
               | impossible though!). You know what they say, don't let
               | the truth get in the way of a good story.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | I would assume there was also at least a minor degree of
               | due diligence, such as "Would this person actually have
               | had the knowledge to write letter".
        
               | marcusverus wrote:
               | It'd be even easier than that. Walk to the person's desk
               | and ask them to bring up the document that they printed
               | on ${printer} at ${time}. If he can't produce a document
               | of the correct size, he's your guy.
        
               | elliekelly wrote:
               | This is a good way to fire innocent employees who had the
               | audacity to edit a document after they've printed it.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Looking at twitter these days I sure have a feeling this
               | is not super unlikely.
        
               | VectorLock wrote:
               | More important is spreading the perception he was able to
               | sleuth down who the leaker was, to deter future leakers.
        
           | nimbius wrote:
           | id assume a billionaire heir to a diamond mine with an econ
           | BA parsing various different models of printer logs for
           | fifteen offices late into the evening would have discredited
           | the quote entirely, But the cult of personality implores me
           | to insist even Stalin himself did something similar in both
           | Haskell and emacs.
        
         | koonsolo wrote:
         | I thought printers had a unique fingerprint that's embedded in
         | every document they print?
        
           | ranting-moth wrote:
           | Laser printers do yes.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Identification_Code
        
         | greesil wrote:
         | Who still uses a printer at work?
        
         | brk wrote:
         | Maybe I'm in the minority, but I would generally assume that
         | everybody has at least 1 printer at home. I'm also not aware of
         | many printers that keep logs for long durations, but perhaps
         | their shared network printers were logging to some kind of
         | system log.
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | It's higher than I expected at 70% of Americans having home
           | printers. [0]
           | 
           | I expected it to be super old but there must be old people
           | with printers.
           | 
           | I get annoyed when companies expect me to print stuff at
           | home. I prefer companies to assume that no one has a home
           | printer and plan for it by including return labels and
           | whatnot.
           | 
           | [0] https://metafacts.com/home-printer-trends-in-the-us-
           | tupdate/
        
             | Firmwarrior wrote:
             | My wife wanted a photo printer. At first I told her it was
             | a ridiculously primitive and pointless idea, but I went
             | along with it since I had a bonus burning a hole in my
             | pocket
             | 
             | I have to admit, it turned out to be pretty cool. I hadn't
             | used a printer in years for anything personal, and it turns
             | out you can print professional-looking glossy photos for
             | like 15 cents each between ink and glossy photo paper. Now
             | we have a ton of nice family photos all over the walls, and
             | I printed out a selfie from my WoW character when our guild
             | killed some raid boss together and mixed it in with the
             | other pics
        
             | bojan wrote:
             | I wonder how many of those printers are actually still
             | functioning. There was a time once where you actually had
             | to print stuff (anyone remembers MapQuest maps?), so I'm
             | guessing there are still a lot of printers from that era
             | collecting dust at people's homes.
        
               | jwozn wrote:
               | I had an old HP printer from 2009 that I finally got rid
               | of this year. The case was broken, the tray was falling
               | off, and it spent years collecting dust. It still worked!
               | Only the ink dried out. I'm curious about the reliability
               | of printers, and how often people have to replace them.
        
               | lijogdfljk wrote:
               | Yea i have a printer; a decent one (laser iirc) for my
               | wifes college papers. We've not hooked it up in years
               | though, and offhand i'm not even sure how to use it..
               | that's how long it's been lol. Hell, i'm not even exactly
               | sure _where_ it is ..
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | I swapped over to a laser printer for that exact reason.
               | There's still a few things a year I need to print and the
               | laser printer stays working through the lulls where I
               | always had issues with inkjets clogging up.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | Yes, I love my laser printer. It's somewhere around 10
               | years old, and has printed a grand total of 99 pages. But
               | it's still happily using the same toner it came with,
               | while an inkjet's ink would have dried out and needed
               | replacing countless times.
        
               | distances wrote:
               | And I walk to a nearby copy shop for my printing needs.
               | At maybe twice a year it's a rare enough occasion that I
               | refuse to keep a printer myself.
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | I do shooting sports so I print a lot of targets for that
               | too.
        
               | olyjohn wrote:
               | That's what I do for photo printing. I use my laser for
               | things like maps, tickets, instructions and forms. Love
               | using it to print out instructions for use in the shop,
               | where I can get my greasy fingers all over the paper, and
               | not on my nice clean instruction manual.... When I need
               | some color photos printed, I head to the print shop.
        
             | iceburgcrm wrote:
             | My c64 has a great working dotmatrix printer. A home
             | computer without a printer is a modern invention. I would
             | expect if the employee had a computer they would have a
             | printer.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | I would expect the employee to have a modern computer.
        
           | kace91 wrote:
           | >Maybe I'm in the minority, but I would generally assume that
           | everybody has at least 1 printer at home.
           | 
           | I haven't seen a home printer since I moved out. In all these
           | years I've only needed to use a printer once (sheet music
           | when I was learning piano).
           | 
           | It's just not that common to use paper anymore, aside from
           | school projects.
        
             | yamtaddle wrote:
             | School projects and super-handy things like being able to
             | print coloring pages on-demand for most any topic one can
             | think up, are probably a big part of why they're still so
             | common. It is _so_ damn nice to have a printer if you have
             | kids of most any age.
             | 
             | I've also yet to find a superior UI to printed pages for
             | running RPGs. Books are great, iPads are great, laptops can
             | be OK, but for the _core_ material you need for a given
             | session, there 's nothing in the world I know of that beats
             | ~20-30 pages of printed notes and excerpted bits of PDF
             | books & some randomly-generated junk from the Web for each
             | session, so you have _only_ expected-to-be-relevant info in
             | it. Nothing better when you 're actually at the table. I
             | mean, you could do the same thing writing it by hand if you
             | have very neat handwriting, but being able to mix together
             | your own notes and e.g. NPC template-blocks, custom maps,
             | _and_ commercial material pulled from books, is awesome and
             | saves tons of time when prepping. You can achieve something
             | similar with just an iPad, but it 's still slower and more
             | awkward to actually use--though I do have other things I
             | use tablets for at the table, that they excel at.
        
           | insane_dreamer wrote:
           | > everybody has at least 1 printer at home
           | 
           | why would anyone have _more_ than one at home?
        
             | johannes1234321 wrote:
             | A photo printer and some fast laser printer for example.
        
           | weberer wrote:
           | I haven't needed to print anything at home in over a decade.
        
           | asdajksah2123 wrote:
           | Corporate networks tend to keep printer logs for extremely
           | long durations.
           | 
           | Also, printers at home are incredibly useful. I'm surprised
           | more people don't have them. Especially now that online
           | shopping (and therefore online returns) are so much more
           | common and require printing return labels.
        
             | HideousKojima wrote:
             | Amazon returns no longer require printing out labels, so
             | someone who does most/all their online ordering via Amazon
             | wouldn't need a printer.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | I need to print return stickers for Amazon in EU.
        
               | flo123456 wrote:
               | Interesting. I'm germany we love paper but amazon returns
               | work without the need to print a label at home.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | In Austria you do need to print the label. How dos
               | returning without a label work? I mean how does the post
               | know where to ship the package?
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | At least in the US, Amazon has arrangements with major
               | shipping companies like UPS and FedEx. So if you want to
               | return something, Amazon says "Bring the item to your
               | local UPS store and have them scan this QR code." The QR
               | code gives UPS the shipping information it needs.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | I just did a similar return for an Ebay package, but with
               | USPS. At least in that case there's definitely a label,
               | it's just a matter of who prints it. You could print it
               | yourself from an attachment on the email, or show a QR
               | code at the post office and they'd print it.
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | Only for things bought and sold through amazon. If you
               | get something sent directly from a seller returns have
               | you print out a label.
        
             | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
             | I have occasion to actually need to print something about
             | twice a year. I don't know how it is that we live such
             | drastically different lifestyles that you find them so
             | incredibly useful.
        
               | LeafItAlone wrote:
               | I typically also only print 2-3 times a year as well. But
               | those times are sensitive-ish documents (one being hard
               | copies of my tax prep and return for my filing cabinet,
               | even though it's submitted electronically) and I don't
               | want them printed on a printer I don't own (paranoia).
               | (And my printer is not connected to the network, I
               | connect via USB).
        
               | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
               | > one being hard copies of my tax prep and return for my
               | filing cabinet
               | 
               | ...what year is this? Like, I have some questions:
               | 
               | 1) Why keep hard copies of documents created
               | electronically when there are _so many_ more redundant,
               | more secure, and more convenient ways keep the electronic
               | versions themselves?
               | 
               | 2) What in God's name are you putting on your tax forms
               | that warrants being that paranoid about who sees them?
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | > 2) What in God's name are you putting on your tax forms
               | that warrants being that paranoid about who sees them?
               | 
               | Well, it includes social-security numbers for starters,
               | and may also include bank account routing information
               | (where to send the refund check, or withdraw in case of
               | extra payment needed).
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | 1) It's been more than once that we've seen hackers
               | completely wipe people's digital lives? I mean, how
               | problematic will logging in to many of these services be
               | if Google decides to lock your account?
               | 
               | 2) As an American example, ask Trump, he really doesn't
               | want to release that information for one reason or
               | another. Simply put trying to figure out other peoples
               | security and sensitivity sensibilities is not something
               | you have all the details on and are making vast
               | assumptions.
        
               | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
               | > It's been more than once that we've seen hackers
               | completely wipe people's digital lives? I mean, how
               | problematic will logging in to many of these services be
               | if Google decides to lock your account?
               | 
               | There are still much more convenient and technically
               | superior methods than using physical paper copies if that
               | is your concern.
               | 
               | > ask Trump, he really doesn't want to release that
               | information for one reason or another.
               | 
               | Using "unscrupulous, if not criminal, activity" as an
               | example in this instance doesn't seem like the best
               | argument.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Technically superior is a very biased argument... A safe
               | with a key is a very well established security mechanism
               | with a pretty easily traceable chain of custody. Someone
               | has to physically be at the location of the files to get
               | the files.
               | 
               | Any digital record has a huge number of failure modes.
               | For security you'll want to encrypt, when encrypted
               | you'll now have another piece of data you need to secure
               | and backup. You have to ensure the backup services are
               | secure. If any of these become insecure how do you trace
               | the insecure accesses? If it was accessed from overseas
               | what do you do about it?
               | 
               | Criminal activity is common, but lets go with something
               | that would be criminal in one country and not in
               | another... This gets very messy with cloud services where
               | some other government can request the information. With a
               | safe you have to get the local government to sign off on
               | a warrant.
        
               | cossatot wrote:
               | I print once or twice a month--return labels, random home
               | admin (taxes or city stuff), and I prefer paper boarding
               | passes (w/ backup on my phone) because they're less fussy
               | for a number of reasons than the phone. I also print
               | documents that I need to carefully read or edit, because
               | I am easily distracted when reading/editing boring stuff
               | on a computer and can waste too much time writing about
               | using printers on HN.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | Honestly, printers have gotten so cheap that the pain in
               | the ass they can save when needed would make them useful
               | to have for even that low of a volume. Printing a return
               | label means I don't have to drive to a shipper. Your
               | cheapest printers nowadays can scan and sometimes fax,
               | which is useful for when legal or other requirements
               | force you to submit a signed document. I'm not a fan of
               | digital tickets for travel and events due to the apps
               | being garbage and the severe consequences in case of
               | technical problems, so these are easily printed as well.
               | 
               | As crappy as modern printers are, they provide an
               | oversized amount of peace of mind for me.
        
               | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
               | None of those are significant problems in my life I
               | guess, certainly not enough to justify even dedicating
               | any space to a piece of electronic equipment that I will
               | use infrequently enough to be frustrated by whatever way
               | it has decided to not work when I do want to use it.
        
         | Arubis wrote:
         | If true, that's technically fascinating and clever.
         | 
         | It's also the CEO of the company taking time from the
         | shareholders to hunt down and hurt someone.
         | 
         | Don't work for people like this.
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | I wonder about this stuff and expect they could also just look
         | for a file of that exact size in bytes on work PCs or cloud
         | storage.
         | 
         | I think anyone who wants to write potentially career limiting
         | things should exercise basic common sense like not using work
         | computers and printers, removing fingerprinting elements, etc.
         | 
         | In the future I expect more to do stuff like cut and paste
         | between programs to alter the font and spacing before sharing.
         | 
         | Or, of course, don't leak proprietary information. There are
         | whisleblower protection laws for illegal material that can be
         | revealed. But leaking random company stuff, I think leads to
         | less info being shared by the company to employees.
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | On a modern computer, all copying & pasting between programs
           | would do is just create an exact trail of what is on your
           | computer. Copy -> Paste is not metadata free by any means.
           | 
           | If your final target was Notepad or similar, it should drop
           | all the metadata. But in that case, just start with Notepad.
        
           | smhoff256 wrote:
           | Because we all know just how great those whistleblower laws
           | protect people right? Right?
        
             | jstarfish wrote:
             | Whistleblower laws don't work out so well for those who
             | _threaten_ to blow the whistle as a negotiating tactic.
             | 
             | It's not retaliation if they fire you _before_ you make the
             | disclosure...
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | I think they work out ok, I suppose. The big
             | "whistleblowers" over the pas few years haven't actually
             | been whistleblowers because they leaked confidential
             | secrets. So Reality Winner, Chesley Manning, etc were
             | convicted independent of any whistleblower laws.
             | 
             | And why Snowden had to do an illegal act to reveal.
             | 
             | But I think these scenarios are totally different from
             | these Twitter leaks where there's no whistleblowing or
             | illegal activity revealed.
             | 
             | But I think there are tons of examples where the law worked
             | and whistleblowers were protected and even financially
             | rewarded, https://www.phillipsandcohen.com/successful-
             | cases/
        
         | mandeepj wrote:
         | > It's been a few years since I read the book so a couple of
         | the details may be off, but that was the gist of the story
         | 
         | I read the book but did not remember that part. So, I searched
         | it. You almost wrote verbatim. What are the chances a leaker(s)
         | would print before leaking? Very low or none. So, that practice
         | has very slim chances of success. The one in the tweet is a bit
         | better. But has a escape route. Either - try to grammatically
         | correct or paraphrase - it before leaking.
        
         | flanbiscuit wrote:
         | Let's say a person was aware that tracing in this manner was
         | possible but they still needed to use the office printer. What
         | if they wrote a letter and also added pages of other additional
         | paragraphs. They print all those pages but only mail the one
         | page and shred the rest. This would show a much bigger file kb-
         | wise in the printer log and would not get caught.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | dsq wrote:
       | Just looking at the title I had a sudden vision of Mr Spock
       | helping Elon by using the computer visor...
        
       | goalieca wrote:
       | Clever but easy to work around now that everyone knows the trick.
        
         | techdragon wrote:
         | Even easier now major operating systems can just OCR a
         | screenshot. Instant clip a text block and by bye white space...
         | so long tracking spaces, good riddance.
        
           | Sakos wrote:
           | Until major operating systems start automatically
           | watermarking the results ...
        
         | illys wrote:
         | "... everyone knows the trick"...
         | 
         | Everyone who read the tweet or commented here at this current
         | point in time.
         | 
         | Not sure most people who might be future leakers of classified
         | stuff and targetted by this trick will be aware of it.
        
           | abirch wrote:
           | Someone working at the NSA:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Winner didn't realize
           | that each printout had a unique signature printed on it. In
           | general be paranoid but don't expect everyone to be careful.
        
         | jp42 wrote:
         | I'm sure there must be advance techniques to catch
         | leakers...spaces and characters is quite old, though it still
         | works if one is not careful.
        
       | hirundo wrote:
       | Now that this is known they'll need an approach that can survive
       | retyping, like word choice and order. That can be defeated by
       | rephrasing but requires even more work, and is somewhat
       | identifying of the rephraser.
       | 
       | If you find a corporate document with a lot of weird sounding
       | word choices and ordering ... it's probably just written by
       | someone not great with the language.
        
         | unsupp0rted wrote:
         | This would be a good use of GPT-3: take a leaked document and
         | rephrase it so that the original is not identifiable, while
         | keeping the meaning the same.
        
           | QuadmasterXLII wrote:
           | Musk has significant fingers in OpenAI: if you use the API to
           | do this, I wonder if he'd find you in the logs?
        
             | selfhoster11 wrote:
             | Bold of you to assume people will use OpenAI for this. They
             | fortunately no longer have a monopoly on useful AI.
        
               | QuadmasterXLII wrote:
               | GPT-3, the suggestion in OP, is specifically OpenAI. It
               | is true that GPT-NeoX or OPT-175b would not have the same
               | issue.
        
           | barrkel wrote:
           | Round trip it through a translation service.
        
           | alhirzel wrote:
           | relevant - https://www.iarpa.gov/research-programs/hiatus
        
           | Freak_NL wrote:
           | Or just a thesaurus (which is already a technique in use).
        
             | unsupp0rted wrote:
             | As long as the leaker doesn't copy-paste the original and
             | start replacing words. They'll have to clean up all the
             | hidden chars and spaces too, then pull out the thesaurus as
             | a last step.
        
               | macNchz wrote:
               | I bet that a couple of passes through random different
               | languages on Google Translate would keep the text
               | comprehensible but be sufficiently nondeterministic to
               | accomplish this in just a few clicks.
        
               | unsupp0rted wrote:
               | "I think that some translations from different languages
               | in Google Translate will make the text understandable,
               | but not clear enough to achieve this with just a few
               | clicks."
               | 
               | (English -> Turkish -> Hmong -> Xhosa -> English)
        
       | germandiago wrote:
       | Well done. :) Congrats Tesla.
        
       | tablespoon wrote:
       | If they actually did this, it's nice that they leaked their
       | playbook.
       | 
       | Advice for future leakers:
       | 
       | 1. Ask your co-worker to forward you that email (because you
       | "accidentally deleted it"), and diff to your copy, so you know if
       | your employer is cosplaying as the CIA.
       | 
       | 2. Retype everything before leaking or leak crappy photos of
       | documents on your screen (or better yet, both).
       | 
       | 3. Leak to a journalist and make them promise to only describe or
       | quote the documents you're sharing, and not sure the literal
       | files. A lot of this CIA cosplay won't work without access to the
       | leaked file.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | ask your work nemesis to forward you the email and just leak
         | that wholesale
        
           | ianferrel wrote:
           | This will work right up until they check the mail logs and/or
           | your work nemesis says "oh yeah, I forwarded it to Bob."
        
             | mmmmmbop wrote:
             | Now you just need to ensure that you're not named Bob, and
             | you're good.
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | Microfilm cameras if _you_ want to cosplay as the CIA too
        
           | mjevans wrote:
           | Mostly not necessary these days; everyone is already expected
           | to have a portable supercomputer with a radio, passible
           | quality camera, microphone, and shitty text input
           | capabilities in their pocket.
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | Can I point out if you are going to leak something from your
       | company you should probably be a lot smarter about it. Maybe it's
       | me but I would be very paranoid about breaking trust with
       | someone/company. Probably a personality thing though.
        
       | croes wrote:
       | What if someone spottet some space characters and deleted them?
       | 
       | I do if I see double spaces.
       | 
       | Or is it about printed documents?
        
         | virtualritz wrote:
         | There are thin spaces, hair spaces etc. in unicode. Multiple of
         | those will just look like a normal space.
         | 
         | Only if you tried to select them one by one would you become
         | aware. But that's not what people usually do when they C&P a
         | block of text
         | 
         | That said: not sure how they will look in a text-only (no
         | WYSIWYG) editor or a mail client set to display raw text.
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | Or just paste into Notepad first and then copy from there to
           | the destination. I find myself doing that as a quick-and-easy
           | way to strip formatting, but it also knocks out a lot of
           | weird characters.
           | 
           | The luxuries of living in iso-latin-1, I suppose.
        
           | upofadown wrote:
           | Just checked and emacs running in a terminal displays the
           | different sorts of spaces in unicode as a single space with
           | an underline. I think that a goal for any sort of a text
           | editor intended for programming should be to mark possibly
           | problematic text somehow.
           | 
           | Mutt just shows them all as spaces...
        
       | gmjosack wrote:
       | ~10 years ago I discovered Google doing steganography and their
       | e-mails by accident. I was searching gmail for an e-mail message
       | using a word I knew was definitely in the message but it was not
       | being found. Eventually I found the e-mail and confirmed the word
       | was definitely there. Ctrl+F and type the word, it's not found.
       | Turned out there were random Cyrillic characters mixed through
       | the message. Confirmed with others their messages similarly had
       | random Cyrillic characters, but different from my own.
       | 
       | Always found it ironic that their own products (gmail/chrome)
       | gave away their attempts at steganography.
        
         | sundarurfriend wrote:
         | What's the context of this? Were/are you a Googler and this was
         | in internal emails? Or was this just emails Google sends to
         | customers? (I'm choosing to assume that this isn't about random
         | emails other people send to Gmail addresses, that Google just
         | messes with this way.)
        
           | gmjosack wrote:
           | Yea, this was for internal communication, presumably to catch
           | leaks. I've not worked there for 10 years now so I can't
           | speak to whether they're still doing anything like this
           | internally but I wouldn't be surprised.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | > discovered Google doing steganography and their e-mails by
         | accident
         | 
         | discovered by accident that Google was doing steganography in
         | their e-mails
        
           | daveslash wrote:
           | Frankly, I like the idea that they were _accidentally
           | performing_ steganography.
        
       | bkishan wrote:
       | Also worth noting that this did not work out, because their
       | general counsel accidentally replied all to the email, giving
       | everyone in the company a safe copy to leak.
        
         | xwowsersx wrote:
         | That is too funny. Reply all strikes again.
        
         | thombat wrote:
         | "Reply-all" suggests that the same mail went to a set of
         | recipients, but doesn't the watermarking strategy require each
         | recipient to have their own unique copy?
        
           | pxx wrote:
           | The "to" line is just a header and you can put whatever you
           | want. The actual recipient is specified out of band (RCPT
           | TO). This is how "bcc" works.
           | 
           | Likely the To: line is some sort of mailing list in this
           | case. The mailing list watermarks when redelivering to
           | everybody. The To line remains unchanged. A reply-all causes
           | one copy to be leaked (but it might be re-watermarked,
           | depending on configuration...) Edit: A reply further down
           | says it was actually a forward which does seem more likely,
           | but nothing about the original setup is impossible.
        
           | ilyt wrote:
           | Recipient A gets their personalized copy, as does recipient B
           | 
           | Recipient A then clicks reply-all, now everyone has copy that
           | was personalized to A. They might even notice subtle
           | differences between them.
        
             | thombat wrote:
             | But how did recipient A get a personalised copy if the mail
             | with that copy was sent to a list of recipients?
             | 
             | Edit: WP has the Tesla story with the counsel forwarding
             | his copy to everyone in a new mail (presumably trying to be
             | helpful?) So not a case of reply-all disease
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_trap
        
               | Shish2k wrote:
               | > But how did recipient A get a personalised copy if the
               | mail with that copy was sent to a list of recipients?
               | 
               | Watermarking added by the mailing-list manager software?
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | Email round one: individually-watermarked copies are
               | delivered to individually-addressed individuals. More
               | elaborate systems might watermark such emails en-route,
               | though that's ... less likely. A and B each wind up with
               | individually-identifying copies of the email.
               | 
               | Email round two: A _REPLIES ALL_ to _their_ individually-
               | watermarked copy of the email, delivering it to _ALL_
               | employees (or some nontrivially large sample), by which B
               | _AND EVERY OTHER RECIPIENT_ now contains A 's watermarked
               | copy.
               | 
               | Email round three: B _OR ANY OTHER RECIPIENT OF A 's
               | REPLY ALL_ can now leak A's watermarked copy of the
               | email. Watermarking _NO LONGER_ identifies the leaker.
        
             | OrderlyTiamat wrote:
             | But in this case recipient B must have already had that
             | one, as they were in the reply all for recipient A. If you
             | sent me a personalized email and send it only to me, then
             | my reply all isn't going to give my personalized version to
             | anyone else but you- and presumably you trust yourself not
             | to be the leak.
        
             | niklasrde wrote:
             | Reply-All would not include any other recipient in a
             | standard, personalised mail out - unless the "To" or "Cc"
             | fields were manipulated to give the impression that
             | personalised email A went to everyone equally, but I think
             | that would probably require some custom mailserver tweaks?
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | _doesn 't the watermarking strategy require each recipient to
           | have their own unique copy?_
           | 
           | That is indeed the precise and exact point.
        
         | williamsmj wrote:
         | Correct. Like many credulously repeated stories about Musk 1)
         | the source for this one is Musk himself 2) the description that
         | he gave, and that gets repeated in viral posts, is an extremely
         | easily disproven lie.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_trap#In_popular_culture
         | 
         | "After a series of leaks at Tesla Motors in 2008, CEO Elon Musk
         | reportedly sent slightly different versions of an e-mail to
         | each employee in an attempt to reveal potential leakers. The
         | e-mail was disguised as a request to employees to sign a new
         | non-disclosure agreement. The plan was undermined when the
         | company's general counsel forwarded his own unique version of
         | the e-mail with the attached agreement. As a result, Musk's
         | scheme was realized by employees who now had a safe copy to
         | leak."
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | Good way to cover your ass if the general counsel is the one
         | doing the leaks...
        
       | jmbwell wrote:
       | Years ago, I worked at a place that attempted this. They were so
       | giddy about it. There wasn't even a known leak, or, arguably,
       | anything particularly worth leaking. They were just tickled by
       | the idea that they could gotcha anyone who tried to leak
       | something.
       | 
       | Then, as now, it strikes me as little more than sad and paranoid
       | Tom Clancy cosplay.
       | 
       | I'd like to say I've moved on to a place with a culture of trust
       | and faithfulness, but it doesn't seem like anyone really trusts
       | anyone anywhere anymore, and recent general infatuation with
       | petty lords of chaos doesn't seem to be helping.
       | 
       | So here we are, everyone fantasizing about espionage.
        
         | robomartin wrote:
         | > So here we are, everyone fantasizing about espionage.
         | 
         | Espionage isn't a fantasy, it's very much real. People go to
         | jail for it all the time. The only question is to what degree
         | might a company be affected or targeted. Taking steps to add a
         | reasonable layer of security to attempt to protect costly IP
         | isn't being paranoid at all. Not to mention that in some
         | environments there are legal requirements, a prime example
         | being aerospace.
         | 
         | We have had the experience of having an employee provide
         | confidential technical information to a multi-billion dollar
         | international competitor. The same competitor that, for as long
         | as a year, bribed top resellers not to feature our products at
         | industry trade shows. Business can be absolutely brutal and,
         | yes, it can be war.
        
           | bradjohnson wrote:
           | Your particular example wouldn't be deterred from the tactics
           | that Elon says that he used, though. If it's not leaked to
           | the public it wouldn't be seen by those that encoded an
           | identifier into it.
        
             | nickff wrote:
             | But it would be discoverable and traceable in the case of
             | legal proceedings.
        
               | bradjohnson wrote:
               | If they kept the original correspondence then it would
               | anyway. Plus this wouldn't be legally binding in a court
               | room when Elon runs in and is like "I think the spaces
               | match the one that I sent to this employee." That is not
               | enough evidence to say that the employee did it when it
               | is trivial for the ploy to be subverted by another
               | employee just inserting a space in a random place.
        
             | aksss wrote:
             | defense in layers. no single mechanism wins the trophy.
        
               | bradjohnson wrote:
               | Shaming tactics are orthogonal to defense, especially
               | when the only way this succeeds is when nobody thinks the
               | CEO is paranoid enough to try it. If anyone is leaking
               | private memos from an Elon company now, it is trivial to
               | disrupt this by reformatting the document and rephrasing
               | sentences.
        
         | registeredcorn wrote:
         | >it doesn't seem like anyone really trusts anyone anywhere
         | anymore
         | 
         | No offense intended, but have you considered that maybe you're
         | just surrounded by bad people? I have a reasonable amount of
         | trust and faith in the other people that I work with. If I
         | needed someone to pick me up in the middle of the night from
         | the hospital, I'd trust my coworkers as much as I would trust
         | my wife or friends.
         | 
         | My company is hardly some "golden child", but it generally does
         | right by its staff, and the staff, more or less, does right by
         | the company. Things aren't _perfect_ , but I would say the
         | amount of inter-office trust is about as close as anyone would
         | reasonably expect. Problems pop up, but with a healthy amount
         | of addressing things head on, those problems don't rot and
         | fester.
         | 
         | Need someone to be honest with you about the deadline of an
         | upcoming project? Done.
         | 
         | Need to get a hold of someone off-hours on a three day weekend?
         | Alright, as long as it's something important and time
         | sensitive.
         | 
         | Need realistic feedback about a presentation you're working on.
         | Sure.
         | 
         | It all revolves around mutual respect, camaraderie, and clearly
         | defined roles. When I see an upcoming issue with an area I have
         | nothing to do with, I don't feel the need to fix it "because no
         | one else will", but, I also don't leave it to blow up in
         | someone else's face either. I let the right people know, or
         | tell my boss if I'm not sure who should be involved.
         | 
         | If I had to take a guess, maybe you work for one of those
         | larger corporate type companies with lots of middle managers,
         | office politics, etc.? I'd encourage you to look at getting
         | away from that if it's weighing heavily on your ability to
         | trust others. It's something that I dealt with for a length of
         | time, and once I moved onto a smaller shop, the ability to
         | trust and genuinely _rely_ on others improved quite a bit.
        
           | LeifCarrotson wrote:
           | I started out work in a shop with a terrible, toxic work
           | environment. Micromanaging, power-hungry, abusive management
           | begat gossiping, uncaring, deceptive, and selfish labor...
           | you learned to just keep your head down and let the shit
           | slide off your shoulders like water off a duck's back. Keep
           | your wits about you when something went behind schedule,
           | though, because the blame game was about to get serious. I
           | took to taking long walks on my lunch break - 28 minutes out,
           | plan for 28 minutes back for some breathing room, because you
           | were entitled to a 1-hour lunch break and would get shouted
           | at for punching in and out with a 61-minute lunch hour - just
           | to clear my head.
           | 
           | Now I'm at a shop that's _miles_ better than the first.
           | Management probably cares too much, treating labor better
           | than a lot of parents treat their own children. Honesty and
           | transparency are the defaults, a problem doesn 't result in
           | blame being passed around, the 5 whys are extended to 6 whys
           | if they seem to point to "this trusted human made a human
           | mistake." We're our vendors' favorite customer - we just got
           | a valued salesman/apps engineer back who'd had his territory
           | switched, he covers most of the region starting 30 minutes
           | south of us but also negotiated a key account exception to
           | keep us on his account. We're also one of our customers'
           | favorite suppliers, they'll happily pay extra because they
           | know we'll build them the Cadillac of machine tools with
           | integrity and quality at each step of the build, and not
           | nickel-and-dime them for support after the fact or ignore
           | them when the machine is out of warranty.
           | 
           | The scary part about this, though, is that the accumulation
           | of loyalty, trust, and social capital that's been very slowly
           | built up over decades could be quite effectively and
           | profitably plundered in an acquisition or by a change in the
           | board or management. They could probably turn the screws and
           | push profit into the stratosphere for 4-8 quarters before our
           | abnormally low turnover turned into abnormally high turnover
           | and customers realized that our culture had changed.
        
             | doctor_eval wrote:
             | Yep, unfortunately it's incredibly hard to put value on
             | those intangibles.
             | 
             | And what's worse, being a hard nosed asshole is expected
             | behaviour from executives, even if it's uncalled for or
             | actively harmful to the company.
             | 
             | I knew a guy fresh out of MBA school who proudly told
             | everyone I worked with that if they didn't like what he
             | asked them to do, he'd sack them. Despite the fact that
             | these people had specific training, were good at what they
             | did, and understood how best to do their jobs.
             | 
             | His attitude really made me think about the value of
             | individuals in a company - and showed me exactly how not to
             | do things in the future.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | I worked for most of my career, at an "old-fashioned"
           | Japanese corporation, and the level of Personal Integrity in
           | the company was phenomenal. It was not "touchy-feely" nice,
           | but people were honest (when they were yelling at you), and
           | weren't playing games. Everyone was focused on creating great
           | stuff.
           | 
           | I just took it for granted, but that environment was a bit of
           | a "silo." When I left that company, and started to interact
           | with today's tech culture, it was ... _quite a letdown_.
           | 
           | It seems that most executives are fairly sketchy people,
           | these days, and they set a culture that is mimicked by the
           | folks that work for them.
           | 
           | I guess that it's always been like that, but it seems a lot
           | worse, these days.
        
           | jmbwell wrote:
           | Fair comments. I'm not at a huge org, but I am in an industry
           | not known for its optimism. I myself am not particularly
           | optimistic lately. Maybe I should be!
        
             | registeredcorn wrote:
             | Dang, sorry to hear that. I do hope things improve for you!
             | :)
        
           | lowbloodsugar wrote:
           | Oh, sure. Me too. And then someone I trusted utterly fucked
           | me over. Like six figure fucked me over.
           | 
           | So consider that your trust, your opinion, is based on the
           | past, and you have no actual idea what will happen in the
           | future, or tomorrow even.
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | Yet I can't really fault a company for trying to hold people
         | accountable for breaking their terms of employment.
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | I can. It's a waste of time and easily defeated if anyone
           | realizes. Once secret is known, its easy to frame innocent
           | coworkers by twiddling spaces.
        
           | cowmoo728 wrote:
           | Employees should be responsible and have a duty to their
           | employer. But it's important to decide if enforcement is
           | appropriate and helpful. It hurts employee morale to be
           | distrusted like this.
           | 
           | If the secrets being guarded are life or death for the
           | company, then some extra measures may be appropriate. But if
           | they're normal corporate "secrets" the harms of enforcement
           | will be worse than a leak.
        
         | mattferderer wrote:
         | Curious if anyone realized this early & either:
         | 
         | * tried to sabotage other employees at random by modifying
         | their letter & leaking it
         | 
         | * tried to sabotage a specific employee by getting their unique
         | copy & leaking it
         | 
         | The risk/reward for a company here seems very poor. I would
         | imagine this blows up in the face of the company often.
        
           | Mr_Modulo wrote:
           | If you can get a copy from another employee then they are in
           | trouble for not securing private communications.
        
         | diebeforei485 wrote:
         | > They were so giddy about it.
         | 
         | This makes no sense. Why would they tell everyone what their
         | measures were?
        
           | jmbwell wrote:
           | Well, they didn't tell everyone. I was simply, as they say,
           | familiar with the plan.
        
         | timbo1642 wrote:
        
         | lake_vincent wrote:
         | Indeed. For example, Musk fancies himself a champion of "hard
         | work" but what he fails to realize is that humans have not
         | _actually_ merged with robots yet, and we still have human
         | needs.
         | 
         | If innovation and brilliant thinking are part of your brand,
         | you actually get higher quality work, sustained over a longer
         | period of time, if you actually back off on the whip-cracking
         | and just give people what they need to produce great work.
         | 
         | You get slightly slower growth, but more area under the curve
         | in the long run.
        
           | ohgodplsno wrote:
           | >For example, Musk fancies himself a champion of "hard work"
           | 
           | And Musk is the perfect example of "do as I say, not as I
           | do", as he sends teams into a death march of insane hours,
           | wherever he is, while he's shitposting on Twitter from his
           | multi million dollar house paid for by company funds and
           | pretending he's doing 120 hour work weeks
        
           | rapsey wrote:
           | To produce great work you also need some pressure. Otherwise
           | people will get real lazy very quickly.
        
             | htgb wrote:
             | Counterpoint: open source software, of which there are many
             | great works without anyone being forced or pressured into
             | making it. There are many more ways of getting motivation
             | than applying "some pressure". Indeed, people are
             | inherently curious and motivated, but it can easily be
             | suppressed by environmental factors. In particular "stick
             | and carrot"-type reward systems.
             | 
             | For a (much more) elaborate expansion on this, see the book
             | Drive by Daniel H. Pink.
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | We barely recently got decent open source computers (but
               | not smartphones), now try to imagine a GPL car...
               | 
               | That said it wouldn't it be cool have some sort of open
               | source VW Bug. Stainless steel cyberbug, EV for the
               | people. Low tech, curb lasts whole century, ubiquitous
               | parts.
        
               | randmeerkat wrote:
               | > That said it wouldn't it be cool have some sort of open
               | source VW Bug. Stainless steel cyberbug, EV for the
               | people. Low tech, curb lasts whole century, ubiquitous
               | parts.
               | 
               | AWS would just fork it, package it as a SaaS, give
               | nothing back to the project and it would then slowly
               | atrophy and cease to exist.
        
               | rapsey wrote:
               | The vast majority of open source done in peoples free
               | time is unfinished and at best of limited use. The
               | serious projects very often have payed developers. The
               | good ones done by unpaid developers have some pressure in
               | terms of expectations by their community or the
               | developers put pressure on themselves to achieve some
               | self goal.
        
               | systemvoltage wrote:
               | OSS projects are also prone to leadership issues and tend
               | to have "good ol boys" clubs. It's utlimately human
               | nature, OSS or not. See Linus Torvals or some of the
               | things that went on in Rust community. Also,
               | StackOverflow mods that volunteer their free time have so
               | many issues. Wikipedia editors and Reddit moderators.
               | Same.
               | 
               | Putting a OSS lipstick isn't doing any favors to
               | understanding the human nature and how to create a good
               | governance model to keep people happy. I suspect this is
               | never going to be "solved", only solved in one person's
               | views or ideological bias.
        
               | mfuzzey wrote:
               | You are quite right that open source done purely in free
               | time usually takes much longer to be "finished" but that
               | is more a question of the time available to spend on it
               | than absence of pressure.
               | 
               | OSS projects that have paid developers often manage to
               | avoid much of the pressure that occurs in closed source.
               | 
               | Some OSS projects like the kernel manage to harness
               | companies as way of funding full time developers without
               | giving them too much say in details or deadlines. A
               | feature ships in Linux when it is ready and accepted by
               | the maintainers and Linus not when some manager says it
               | has to ship.
               | 
               | Of course this works far better for large projects that
               | are essentially a "commons" like the kernel, less so for
               | open source projects where most of the developers work
               | for a single company.
        
               | jasec57322 wrote:
               | All this musk-style motivation 101 BS is direct from the
               | CIA's manual on domestic espionage - frustration from
               | within.
               | 
               | The means define the ends. If you treat people like shit,
               | or as morons who need BS pressure techniques, you'll get
               | a demoralised company.
               | 
               | Treat people well, set them clear targets and say it
               | without fluff when they're slacking. If you can't tell
               | somebody they're not good enough, you cannot help them to
               | be good enough. None of this psychobabble BS where you're
               | constantly second-guessing in a failed attempt to retain
               | them on the rat-race for the rest of their life. Stop
               | building ratrace companies.
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | > Stop building ratrace companies
               | 
               | They build rat-races because they are all still rats at
               | heart. Endemic crisis of leadership and vision bred men
               | who cannot think outside the maze. No amount of climbing
               | extended their horizons or released them from slavery to
               | money and the misery it brings.
        
             | lake_vincent wrote:
             | Exactly, which is why I am advocating _precisely_ for
             | giving people what they _need_. Some people _need_ pressure
             | to perform optimally, others don 't. Some people _need_ to
             | put in 80 hours of work per week, others don 't. It is
             | simple and humane to approach it this way.
        
             | systemvoltage wrote:
             | I think motivation is more important. Solving problems
             | should be fun and engaging activity. There are always bad
             | apples literally in every single company no matter how good
             | or faithful their culture. So, there is no way around it.
             | 
             | To give Elon credit, he does try to motivate people.
             | Sleeping on the factory floor, doing more work than his
             | subordinates, inspiring people about grand goals and "anti-
             | bureacratic" philosophy - all contribute to motivation. He
             | sent out an email to Tesla employees that literally said
             | "If a rule becomes a Dilbert joke, then change the rule".
             | 
             | I am trying to steelman Elon's way of governing and
             | personally know several people at SpaceX that are not dying
             | from overwork, but actually happy. I also have a few
             | friends who couldn't stand SpaceX and quit within the first
             | year.
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | Maybe he realizes that, and is just a jackass.
        
             | whatwherewhy wrote:
             | Where are the nice bosses of top tech companies? Maybe
             | that's how you build a big tech company.
        
               | Goronmon wrote:
               | I think there is a middle area between being a "nice
               | boss" and being a boss who calls out internal engineering
               | implementation concerns (rightly or not) on Twitter. And
               | then fire people who disagree in a response.
        
               | whatwherewhy wrote:
               | Well, Gates is an asshole, Jobs was an asshole - where's
               | the middleground? Maybe niceness leads to [business]
               | mediocrity.
        
               | lake_vincent wrote:
               | Just because the Great Pyramids were built with slavery
               | doesn't mean that slavery is okay, or that there is not a
               | better way to build a pyramid.
        
               | bckr wrote:
               | The pyramids were not built with slavery
        
               | jjtheblunt wrote:
               | how were they built?
        
               | artificial wrote:
               | By teams of people stacking enormous stones on top of one
               | another. Fun fact, there's inscriptions by the teams:
               | https://the-past.com/feature/records-of-the-pyramid-
               | builders...
        
               | whatwherewhy wrote:
               | Don't be absurd, we are not talking about anything
               | comparable to slavery.
               | 
               | I am asking - show me the person who found the better
               | way.
        
           | Consultant32452 wrote:
           | I suspect the world's wealthiest man knows how to grow a
           | business better than either of us.
        
         | oxfordmale wrote:
         | Stick the email into Google Translate, translate to Spanish and
         | back, correcting any major mis-translations and Juan is your
         | uncle .
        
           | benburleson wrote:
           | Or put your own space noise in the message to frame a
           | coworker.
        
       | LightG wrote:
       | Toxic.
        
       | tuyguntn wrote:
       | why not take a photo of email, show only the header with some
       | blur applied, but convert the image to text before publishing?
        
         | evan_ wrote:
         | Or just retype it
        
       | rnk wrote:
       | Microsoft used to do this. I worked in a startup with an exec a
       | few years later and he admitted they did it. I think everyone
       | does this. We had 10s of thousands of employees at Microsoft, and
       | they'd send out these updates on windows status, like "the beta
       | of the next release is coming in early January with these
       | features". He said they could only vary it a little bit - I think
       | it was spaces, maybe some dots, so an email to a large group
       | would only have enough uniqueness to narrow it down to say 100
       | people. This must have been an old idea. I couldn't believe those
       | reporters were naive enough to give up Reality Winner's original
       | printout.
        
       | netsharc wrote:
       | Why do people still work at Tesla, or does this toxic behavior
       | attract toxic employees? I guess that seems to be the case, if
       | you read about Uber under Kalanick, or employees crying in
       | bathrooms at Amazon.
       | 
       | Before that tweet the thread is talking about an email Musk sent:
       | 
       | > Scoop: Elon Musk just sent an email to all staff outlining
       | "Twitter 2.0", writing it will"need to be extremely hardcore".
       | Long hours, high intensity.
       | 
       | > People need to click "yes" to confirm being part of this by 5pm
       | ET tomorrow, else they get 3 months severance. [...]
       | 
       | Hah, "Click here to agree to a toxic workplace, or be fired"...
        
         | jmeister wrote:
         | Do you know what it's like in military organizations around the
         | world and in history? Most men don't have a problem with
         | authoritarian hierarchies as long as the hierarchy is justified
         | in their view. Tech people are extremely coddled and clueless
         | about how the rest of the world works and the moral intuitions
         | of normal people.
         | 
         | "The authoritarian relation between the one who commands and
         | the one who obeys rests neither on common reason nor on the
         | power of the one who commands; what they have in common is the
         | hierarchy itself, whose rightness and legitimacy both recognize
         | and where both have their predetermined stable place."
         | 
         | https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/uprising1313/files/2017/09/ar...
        
           | _djo_ wrote:
           | Militaries that rely on volunteers rather than conscription
           | absolutely don't get away with being completely authoritarian
           | and treating regular soldiers terribly. They have to form a
           | social contract of sorts, where people put up with some loss
           | of autonomy in specific areas in return for other benefits
           | like education or training, autonomy in other areas they
           | might value more (like small team leadership), and decent
           | service conditions. No service members tolerate regular and
           | capricious abuse, and leaders found to do that seldom remain
           | in post long. It's not a perfect system of course, but
           | abusive behaviour by leadership is definitely the exception.
           | 
           | Issues around service conditions regularly go all the way to
           | Congress and get resolved quickly and sometimes expensively,
           | because the alternative is being unable to recruit or retain
           | personnel, and that would be disastrous for a military that's
           | already having a tough time doing both.
           | 
           | Let's not justify abusive leadership. There's never a need
           | for it.
        
           | 988747 wrote:
           | It changes with age. Men in their teens/twenties are
           | followers, by your mid-thirties you start to question things.
        
             | mooner wrote:
             | I'm past 40 and I see this in my workplace. All my
             | colleagues who work long hours are in their 20s,
             | particularly the fresh graduates who just joined. I try to
             | gently tell them that they can just work their 7.5 hours
             | per day and go home like us old guys, but they seem
             | determined to burn the candle at both ends. Ah well,
             | they'll learn - when they burn out.
        
             | themaninthedark wrote:
             | Pretty sure that the rebellion starts in the teens, source:
             | myself, all my friends and now my friends children.
        
               | 988747 wrote:
               | Yes, but this rebellion is against the PARENTS. Teenage
               | kids typically seek for the new meaning and purpose in
               | their lives, that's why so many college students join
               | charities, or civil rights groups, or cults... And they
               | do not join those groups as leaders, they start at the
               | bottom.
        
               | jmeister wrote:
               | These days the rebellion starts from kindergarten
               | apparently. There needs to be balance between
               | understanding and respecting tradition, and questioning
               | it. On one end you have Iran/Taliban, on the other you
               | have modern USA. Galileo was right, and his persecutors
               | were right too.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | The military is a rather specialized scenario. "At-will
           | employment", it's not.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | We're _aware_ of that, but the past forty or so years of
           | software development have been extremely anti-hierarchical -
           | or the "hierarchy of one" / "benevolent dictator for life"
           | flat structure.
           | 
           | Hierarchy has its own failure modes. Into the valley of death
           | rode the six hundred ..
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | memish wrote:
         | "Click here to agree to an ambitious workplace".
         | 
         | Like SpaceX, only the motivated will agree. That's a
         | requirement for turning Twitter into a SpaceX or Tesla scale
         | success.
        
           | giantrobot wrote:
           | Are you paid for your Musk cheerleading? I see you in every
           | thread even tangentially Musk related white knighting for
           | him. You cannot seem to accept a critical word said about the
           | guy.
        
             | memish wrote:
             | Is that a thing? Are you paid for anti-Musk cheerleading?
             | Is that a thing? I've never seen a job posting for either
             | of those and it sounds soulless.
             | 
             | I accept any cogent critique. Elon should not have called a
             | cave diver a pedo. There's one. It's also not about him,
             | it's just that the derangement is mostly directed at him at
             | the moment and I'm responding to the derangement. The
             | comments I respond to are not cogent critiques. They are
             | kneejerk mob hate bandwagoning that are anti-success, anti-
             | progress and anti-humanity. It's sad.
        
               | netsharc wrote:
               | > They are kneejerk mob hate bandwagoning that are anti-
               | success, anti-progress and anti-humanity. It's sad.
               | 
               | "Leave Elon alone!". Wow, grandparent commenter got you,
               | you just gave us a glimpse of what you think of Daddy
               | Elon... that he's this hero bringing success, progress
               | and who'll save humanity. I'd say check your assumptions,
               | but hey I guess this will fall on deaf cult member ears.
        
               | memish wrote:
               | I never said to leave him alone or that he's a hero or
               | that he's the only one driving humanity forward or that
               | he's perfect. Sometimes he's an asshole. Sometimes he's
               | an idiot. He's flawed like every human.
               | 
               | Your childish cult-like "spaceman bad" programming and
               | angry projection of your daddy issues says more about you
               | than anyone.
        
               | netsharc wrote:
               | Hey you think I'm a brainwashed cult member, and I think
               | you're one, also with the projection issue. So... is this
               | a Mexican stand-off?
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | > The comments I respond to are not cogent critiques.
               | They are kneejerk mob hate bandwagoning that are anti-
               | success, anti-progress and anti-humanity. It's sad.
               | 
               | What's sad is seeing every critique of Musk as "anti-
               | success, anti-progress and anti-humanity" or some sort of
               | derangement against him. That is just absurd.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Identifying leaks is toxic? Overuse of the word is probably
         | diluting its meaning.
        
           | aniforprez wrote:
           | The toxicity is the forced requirement to agree to work long
           | crappy hours or be fired
        
           | adrr wrote:
           | Leaking documents is indicative of a a toxic environment
           | where the trust has broken down in all directions.
        
             | shapefrog wrote:
             | Its like when they slip a note into your sneakers in the
             | sweat shop factory begging for help.
             | 
             | 12 year olds can be such piece of shit sometimes, cant they
             | just be grateful they get paid 2c and got selected for the
             | special 36 hour shift to make shoes for us?
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | If 0.00001% of the workforce leaks? Or does the % matter?
        
             | dmix wrote:
             | That's a strange take. There's tons of reasons why people
             | leak things to the press besides: political/ideological
             | concerns, employees who felt jilted, people who like the
             | attention, reporters hitting up employees for information,
             | etc etc.
             | 
             | It's also far more likely to happen at a company that is a
             | media darling where everything it does gets documented in
             | papers around the world.
             | 
             | So naturally there's tons of outside pressure for
             | information to leak compared to typical orgs.
        
             | xeromal wrote:
             | I mean leaking could just be someone wanting to make a
             | quick buck and selling secrets to a competitor.
        
         | Firmwarrior wrote:
         | Man, that sounds pretty sweet
         | 
         | 3 months of severance, after a good 6+ month run of lame duck
         | employment where the whole company didn't really do anything. I
         | could take my time and buy a nice house out in the Midwest,
         | then pick up an easy remote job for $100-150k
         | 
         | I guess it's a different story if you dumped your life savings
         | into a down payment and now you have to keep up with an $8000
         | Bay Area mortgage though
        
           | jjav wrote:
           | > I could take my time and buy a nice house out in the
           | Midwest
           | 
           | You're not buying a house of any kind (let alone nice) with 3
           | months severance after taxes and day to day living expenses.
        
         | ezconnect wrote:
         | Information is very valuable and companies goes to great
         | lengths to protect them.
        
         | sidibe wrote:
         | > Why do people still work at Tesla, or does this toxic
         | behavior attract toxic employees?
         | 
         | It attracts Elon devotees. It remains to be seen if they can be
         | as good as regular SWEs. I highly doubt it
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | Needing to be able to silently patch your vehicle's software
           | without consumer consent or even knowledge is a tactic
           | admission that you can't meet automotive industry software
           | 'standards'.
           | 
           | Tesla has pushed the "we do it to bring amazing things to
           | your car!"...quietly distracting people from the "...we fuck
           | things up so often we're constantly having to patch your car"
           | man behind the curtain.
        
             | mynameisvlad wrote:
             | As someone who drives a Tesla, by all means, fuck it up.
             | Because it means it's at least actually being worked on.
             | 
             | Once you're several years into owning a car, the outdated
             | software really starts to show. Especially on mid-2010s
             | cars where CarPlay and Android Auto weren't a thing, you're
             | held back by _really_ old shitty software that will never
             | be updated.
             | 
             | That is one thing that Tesla has, without a doubt, got
             | right. And you can tell because most major manufacturers
             | are also going to an OTA update system, even though it
             | obviously costs far more in infrastructure and completely
             | re-engineering their existing systems to support it.
        
         | mzs wrote:
         | Some are probably trapped by their visa.
        
         | chimen wrote:
         | I have a special affinity for people using the term "toxic" in
         | each of their arguments.
        
         | gaius_baltar wrote:
         | > Why do people still work at Tesla, or does this toxic
         | behavior attract toxic employees?
         | 
         | A lot of money, perhaps? I'm not familiar with Tesla
         | compensation levels, but this is the only reason I can think
         | people may have to cope with this guy.
        
           | hello639 wrote:
           | >> Why do people still work at Tesla
           | 
           | > A lot of money, perhaps?
           | 
           | They work there for the mission, not the money.
           | 
           | Tesla pays 100-150K USD for new grad SWE including stock
           | options/RSU. For AI, it's about 150-200K.
           | 
           | Or you can drive 15 minutes to Google and a SWE gets 200K and
           | AI gets 200-250K. Or "sell out" and work in quant finance for
           | 400-500K new grad SWE as a 22 year old.
           | 
           | So no, people do not work at Tesla/SpaceX for the money.
           | 
           | I have many friends at Tesla, Neuralink, SpaceX, and they
           | complain how little they are paid, how they have no free
           | time, and how they hope the name brand on their resume gets
           | them a higher paying job some day. Looks like they bought
           | Elon's bullshit.
        
         | EricDeb wrote:
         | Tesla stock has made unreal gains the past 10 years probably
         | people are motivated by money
        
       | d23 wrote:
       | Twitter 2.0 will need to be "extremely hardcore." Truly a
       | visionary.
        
         | kernal wrote:
         | I consider the removal of wine on tap extremely hardcore.
         | Imagine rolling into the Twitter office at 10 am and not being
         | able to fill your 2L Yeti mug with complimentary tap wine
         | before the start of your day.
        
       | JustSomeNobody wrote:
       | For a fella who is CEO of THREE separate companies, he sure has a
       | lot of time on his hands to do bullshit. Maybe he should have to
       | work from the office.
        
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