[HN Gopher] The Rise of Influencer Capital
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       The Rise of Influencer Capital
        
       Author : marban
       Score  : 82 points
       Date   : 2022-11-14 08:01 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nymag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nymag.com)
        
       | paulusthe wrote:
       | This is only tangentially related, but this article reminds me of
       | Galbraith's "The Affluent Society" which should frankly be
       | required reading for undergrad social sciences. In it, he argues
       | that, at the time of writing (late 50s), the industrialized West
       | has largely solved what had previously been the main
       | preoccupation of economics - improved standard of living. As
       | evidence, Galbraith points to advertising.
       | 
       | The argument is simple: when important productivity improvements
       | take place, say the invention of a new way of baking bread, they
       | don't need advertising to gain mass use. Their benefits are so
       | obvious that they don't need to be sold. Demand doesn't have to
       | be created, because demand comes from human existence.
       | 
       | The existence of advertising, in contrast, shows that the thing
       | being advertised probably isn't that important. Indeed, the item
       | is so trivial as to require advertising to create demand for it.
       | This then leads us to wonder what benefit is being served by both
       | creating this product and the demand for it; Galbraith argues
       | that we've essentially fetishized economic growth at all costs (a
       | holdover, in his view, from the early days of econ which was
       | concerned with our metaphorical bread making instead of our
       | metaphorical advertised widget making). He then attacks planned
       | obsolescence as the dumbest outcrop of this process, because now
       | we're purposefully wasting materials on things which we hope to
       | replace in the near future for no reason other than to keep
       | making the things, things which we don't need anyway - as
       | evidenced by the fact that they're advertised.
       | 
       | Anyway I think this fits in perfectly with the whole influencer
       | economy phenomenon, because that's literally all they do. Their
       | raison d'etre is to generate demand for items nobody needs or
       | even previously knew about.
        
         | pphysch wrote:
         | I _strongly_ disagree with Galbraith 's argument essentially
         | about "the end of quality". We did not reach an absolute zenith
         | of product quality in the 50s.
         | 
         | What did change was the coverage of mass media.
         | 
         | Instead of relying on long and expensive genuine user feedback
         | loops to generate positive buzz around a product, advertising
         | manufactures that buzz directly. This is why is it everywhere,
         | and influencers are just the latest innovation. Not because
         | product quality/QoL reached a high point.
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | > What did change was the coverage of mass media
           | 
           | That and the shift toward psychological advertising in the
           | wake of Bernays. Closing the quality/opinion loop only makes
           | sense if quality is really a concern. Post-Bernays the gig
           | switched to manufacturing desire by attacking the self-esteem
           | of the "consumer". The product itself became largely
           | irrelevant.
        
           | jason-phillips wrote:
           | > I strongly disagree with Galbraith's argument essentially
           | about "the end of quality". We did not reach a zenith of
           | product quality in the 50s.
           | 
           | As someone who actively seeks tools, furniture and other
           | consumer products from that period, I tend to disagree.
           | 
           | Let's take furniture. Mine was made during this period by
           | Stickley in New York state. One cannot find commensurate
           | quality today unless you wish to commission handmade pieces.
           | 
           | We have devolved to the point of disposable $5 extruded-
           | plastic chairs, which may provide service for a time, knowing
           | full well that the inevitable trip to the landfill is just
           | around the corner. I reckon we're a ways past said zenith.
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | This seems like survivor bias. The 1950s furniture and
             | tools that still exist are obviously well-made and have
             | been considered worth preserving by decades of people.
             | Karrot_Kream has good points about materials too.
        
             | Karrot_Kream wrote:
             | Yes, plastics hadn't been invented yet and there were still
             | enough forests around to deforest that furniture could
             | economically be made out of large chunks of solid wood.
             | Nowadays, forestry requirements in most developed countries
             | have (understandably) become tighter and it makes more
             | sense to use less wood to make engineered wood products to
             | build furniture than solid wood. Engineered wood products
             | last a long time but still less than solid wood.
             | 
             | Also, when new, a lot of old furniture was quite expensive
             | and families would save up for pieces. We get the benefit
             | of that being used and transmitted now (though obviously
             | particularly striking pieces will not have a reduction in
             | value.)
             | 
             | While I certainly appreciate older, sturdy furniture
             | (especially solid wood furniture as someone with some
             | cabinetry background), I prefer modern lightweight
             | materials, even if they last less long. They still last
             | most of my lifetime which is enough for me. Marketing is
             | not the issue, sustainable materials usage is.
        
             | pphysch wrote:
             | I agree with you -- let me rephrase -- we may have hit a
             | relative peak in quality in the 1950s, but not anything
             | resembling an absolute limit that _caused_ advertising.
             | 
             | The subsequent decline in product quality was _caused by_
             | advertising displacing genuine user feedback in creating
             | demand for products, among other things (planned
             | obsolescence).
             | 
             | You no longer needed to create a great product that people
             | would buy and recommend because it is great. Simply skip
             | the loop and go straight from A to B via advertising (fake
             | buzz).
             | 
             | The Galbraith argument that advertising was a necessary
             | technology that benefits consumers is a Big Lie.
             | Advertising benefits large producers, while consumers
             | suffer from losing their voice and declining product
             | quality.
        
             | beambot wrote:
             | Our house was made in the 1950s using California redwood.
             | Design aside, this product quality is impossible today; you
             | simply cannot find old-growth redwood to construct
             | sufficient housing. I'm not even sure it was justifiable to
             | utilize those materials during that era either -- hence the
             | mass exploitation of global resources that is precipitating
             | ecological collapse today.
             | 
             | There's clearly a cost-benefit spectrum between artisanal
             | craftsmanship & throwaway consumerism. Balance is probably
             | the best approach. It's time for the pendulum to swing back
             | toward fewer, better items with a longer product life.
        
         | tinalumfoil wrote:
         | _If I would have asked people what they wanted, they would have
         | said faster horses_
         | 
         | There was genuine skepticism over the horseless carriage when
         | it was first becoming available. Vaccines wouldn't be in
         | widespread today use if significant money and resources weren't
         | spent convincing people of their safety. Lots and lot of useful
         | technological innovations requires advertising before people
         | were convinced to use them.
        
           | ctoth wrote:
           | You know, I often see this faster horses thing quoted to
           | point at how dumb consumers are. Wouldn't you agree, however,
           | that a car which doesn't drive itself home after you've had a
           | bit too many drinks at the local saloon is a downgrade? A car
           | which doesn't graze its own food is a downgrade? A car which
           | doesn't automatically make more cars is a downgrade? Perhaps
           | if someone had figured out 'faster horses' sooner we wouldn't
           | have literally millions of people dead from car crashes.
           | Perhaps we wouldn't have an atomized society with little
           | social interaction.
           | 
           | It seems to me that once people know that something exists,
           | which is possible through way more methods than the constant
           | cognitive assault of our advertising-based culture, then they
           | can do just fine at figuring out if the thing is useful to
           | them.
           | 
           | But yeah, keep gloating about how dumb people are for not
           | just wanting a better version of what works.
        
             | notriddle wrote:
             | Horses are much more expensive to own than cars. You can't
             | just leave them sitting in a lot for 20 out of 24 hours a
             | day, they only feed themselves if you're living out in the
             | middle of the prairie, and you can't just replace a broken
             | leg.
             | 
             | If horses are more "pro-social" than cars, it's because the
             | only people who could afford them are the very wealthy and
             | people who made their living riding horses like cowboys and
             | taxi drivers. Cars are "worse" than horses because they're
             | too superior, which means the middle class all own personal
             | cars and have stopped financing public transit and
             | pedestrian-friendly city layout that the lower classes
             | would coincidentally benefit from.
        
             | squeaky-clean wrote:
             | My car doesn't die if I don't attend to it for 2 weeks. If
             | my car breaks its "leg" I can swap it out, I don't have to
             | shoot the poor thing. My car can't get me in trouble for
             | grazing in my neighbor's pasture. If horses traveled at car
             | speeds, I doubt death counts would be any lower, and you'd
             | have to figure in the number of horse deaths too.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | If horses traveled at car speeds they would refuse to do
               | so when it is unsafe. The same way you won't knowingly
               | run full speed down a ice covered street.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | Faster horses would still leave our streets full of horse
             | manure. "Grazing their own food" doesn't work in a dense
             | urban environment. You're cherry-picking the upsides of the
             | old way, but there were some pretty significant downsides.
        
           | anxiously wrote:
           | Fair enough, but there's a huge gap between vaccines and
           | products like Raid Shadow Legends and Snuggies.
        
             | wellareyousure wrote:
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | > Lots and lot of useful technological innovations requires
           | advertising before people were convinced to use them.
           | 
           | Fortunately, we have had a parallel universe, called the
           | Soviet Union, where advertising was more limited (but still
           | present, of course), and as anyone who lived there will tell
           | you, nobody there needed to be convinced by advertising that
           | they _wanted_ a car, or a fridge, or a color television.
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | this assumes humans are capable of understanding the value of
         | things. They aren't and values shift over time. advertising
         | helps to inform and influence these changing values
        
           | mattgreenrocks wrote:
           | Why do humans need advertising to understand the value of
           | things?
           | 
           | I'd agree with you if your statement was more along the lines
           | of, "people may not know that widget X exists and solves
           | their problem well." But that's wholly different from
           | understanding the value of things.
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | People aren't rational, they lack awareness, and even when
             | they are aware of a new behavior they are hesitant to
             | change behavior unless there are significant signals from
             | media & peers that the new behavior will bring value .
             | 
             | Besides all of this, the cognitive load of being aware of
             | every possible new behavior, activity and product in the
             | world would be overwhelming.
             | 
             | I'm not advocating for more advertising (i live somewhat of
             | an ascetic lifestyle myself), nor soft or hard paternalism.
             | But assuming people will be able to discover and adopt high
             | value behaviors without advertising (or other outside
             | influence) is preposterous.
        
         | olalonde wrote:
         | > He then attacks planned obsolescence as the dumbest outcrop
         | of this process,
         | 
         | Planned obsolescence is an economic myth. There is very little
         | evidence that it actually exists in the real world, unless you
         | are really willing to stretch the definition. It's just not
         | possible to successfully pull it off in a competitive market.
        
           | actually_a_dog wrote:
           | Very little evidence, you say? Well, here you go.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoebus_cartel
           | 
           | PS "not possible to pull it off in a competitive market" is
           | not a meaningful statement. The fact that it _is_ possible to
           | pull off _implies_ it 's not a competitive market already.
        
             | olalonde wrote:
             | That's probably the most successful cartel in history and
             | was largely assisted by government through basic lightbulb
             | patents granted to GE. It lasted about half a decade before
             | it started falling apart due to external competition. I'm
             | not saying no one will attempt to form cartels or engineer
             | planned obsolescence, just that it isn't sustainable from
             | an economic standpoint.
        
               | actually_a_dog wrote:
               | I see you're ready for the advanced course. Here's the
               | continuation of that history:
               | https://daily.jstor.org/the-birth-of-planned-
               | obsolescence/ Planned obsolescence through advertising is
               | still planned obsolescence.
               | 
               | TL;DR: It happened. They did it on purpose, that purpose
               | being to make more money.
        
               | olalonde wrote:
               | > Planned obsolescence through advertising is still
               | planned obsolescence.
               | 
               | No, it's not. It's also a pretty elitist/condescending
               | view of the American people, as if they are passive
               | victims incapable of discerning what's good for them.
               | Might as well do away with democracy while we're at it.
        
           | svachalek wrote:
           | I guess "selling things that will wear out soon even though
           | it wouldn't be hard to make better ones that last way longer"
           | is stretching the definition? Because that's everywhere.
        
             | olalonde wrote:
             | Yes, it's stretching the definition. The fact that
             | consumers are buying plenty of things that will wear out
             | soon is not evidence of planned obsolescence. It is
             | evidence that consumers prefer those products over those
             | that last longer (probably because they are cheaper).
        
               | Eupraxias wrote:
               | You're assuming that the intelligence of a consumer of
               | well designed products is at parity with that of a
               | consumer of cheap products.
               | 
               | You're also assuming that the critical mass of people
               | have enough money to choose.
        
               | olalonde wrote:
               | No, I'm not making those assumptions. Can you elaborate?
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | People aren't willing to pay more for things that last
             | longer.
        
               | Arrath wrote:
               | Individuals are. I buy more expensive boots knowing
               | they'll last longer. Communities like the BuyItForLife or
               | the Frugral subreddits discuss products and durability.
               | 
               | A large enough cohort of consumers to influence
               | manufacturers aren't doing so, unfortunately.
        
             | UniverseHacker wrote:
             | There is no strong incentive for companies to make products
             | that last longer than a certain period of time, so they put
             | no effort into it. I think that's really what people are
             | calling "planned obsolescence." I think "unplanned
             | obsolescence" would be a more accurate term. I really doubt
             | any companies have teams of engineers tasked specifically
             | with reducing product longevity.
        
               | fhd2 wrote:
               | Companies evolve whatever strategies work best to extract
               | the highest amount of consumer dollars at the lowest
               | cost. I also doubt most of them have specific goals to
               | make their products worse, but brand power, walled
               | gardens, monopolies and cartels let them get away with
               | quite a few tricks that _end up_ making them worse.
        
           | blululu wrote:
           | This seems like a pretty strong claim given that 4 billion
           | Android phones are made each year with <2 years of kernel
           | support. Where are you even getting this from?
        
             | olalonde wrote:
             | Again, this is a misunderstanding of what planned
             | obsolescence means. Supporting software costs money. The
             | longer the support offered, the higher the cost of the
             | phone. A line has to be drawn: a reasonable duration that
             | doesn't increase the cost of the phone by too much. That
             | line is ultimately driven by consumer preferences.
             | 
             | Planned obsolescence would be setting a timer on the phone
             | that disables it after two years.
             | 
             | > Where are you even getting this from?
             | 
             | From basic economics 101 theory and empirical observation.
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | The assumption that markets are mostly competitive is deeply
           | flawed. Markets are controlled, managed and monopolized more
           | often than not, via strategies like control of chokepoints
           | (computer chip production is a case example), interlocking
           | boards of directors of major corporations, government
           | subsidies for specific industries (and import tariffs as
           | well), etc.
           | 
           | Case example: acceptable cell phones could be produced today
           | that would last for 20 years using the same internal
           | structure, with decent audio/video capabilities and memory
           | storage, if they were designed to be easily repairable, i.e.
           | if the components that are likely to wear out could be easily
           | replaced (battery, touchscreen, etc.). The operating systems
           | could be locked-in to a standard format, or OS upgrades could
           | be made backwards-compatible.
           | 
           | Major phone manufacturers really are not interested in making
           | such devices, because new sales would fall:
           | 
           | https://www.vice.com/en/article/zmd9a5/tim-cook-to-
           | investors...
           | 
           | Where is the competitive market providing the long-lived
           | alternatives?
        
             | olalonde wrote:
             | The smartphone manufacturing industry is super competitive.
             | Many of the largest phone manufacturers didn't exist a
             | decade ago. I guess you got a billion dollar startup idea
             | in your hands, go ahead and create that phone company.
             | Personally, my hunch is that you're not the first to have
             | this idea and a phone like the one you described is either
             | not commercially viable and/or there isn't real demand for
             | a phone that lasts 20 years.
        
               | lob_it wrote:
               | Are you sure smartphones are even relevant anymore? They
               | seemed to have devolved into doing everything mediocre
               | and are much like a dildo/toothbrush hybrid without clear
               | instructions. Dialtone 2.0 sounds like a winner already.
               | The seperation of data and dialtone.
               | 
               | And with influencer marketing, its like celebs decades
               | ago harping about the health benefits of eating a
               | placenta... Are you eating placentas to maintain health?
               | All those vitamins and minerals... Yummy :/
               | 
               | https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-
               | deliv...
               | 
               | Just because they invented it/said it, doesn't make it a
               | good idea/product.
               | 
               | Product evolution is already well documented. The 1767
               | invention of carbonated water/soda water did not make
               | large strides until 1886 and did not get HFCS until
               | 1981-1984.
               | 
               | https://www.thoughtco.com/18th-century-timeline-1992474
               | 
               | https://thepopularlist.com/inventions-of-the-19th-
               | century/
               | 
               | https://www.motherjones.com/food/2019/07/the-secret-
               | history-...
        
         | avgcorrection wrote:
         | > This is only tangentially related, but this article reminds
         | me of Galbraith's "The Affluent Society" which should frankly
         | be required reading for undergrad social sciences.
         | 
         | Oh? What ideological indoctrination does it provide?
         | 
         | > In it, he argues that, at the time of writing (late 50s), the
         | industrialized West has largely solved what had previously been
         | the main preoccupation of economics - improved standard of
         | living. As evidence, Galbraith points to advertising.
         | 
         | Oh right, taking the stated goals of an established field which
         | has been central in the shaping of modern nation states at face
         | value--its advertising.
         | 
         | It's not social science but I find the narrative of _The
         | Century of the Self_ to be convincing. It makes a lot more
         | sense to sell things by way of manipulation than it does by
         | just stating facts.
         | 
         | But then you ask, why manipulate instead of just selling things
         | that people more or less organically want? Because the economy
         | has to grow. Into infinity. Is this a controversial point to
         | make? And further, what is the current iteration of capitalism
         | called? Consumer capitalism. It is not merely a culture of
         | consumption since the system itself is built on consumption.
        
         | syrrim wrote:
         | There was a commentary somewhere that while someone in france
         | had discovered the cure to smallpox in the form of variolation,
         | the king of france was dying of it. The reason he died was not
         | because no cure existed, but because his doctors weren't aware
         | of it and thus didn't know to apply it. The spread of knowledge
         | is not magical. It will happen over time, but in that time
         | knowledge will be lost. Variations of variolation have been
         | used for thousands of years, but smallpox was only eradicated
         | after galbraith wrote his book. The application of capital to
         | the spread of useful knowledge can still happen even when the
         | knowledge ought to be obvious and important to everyone that
         | encounters it.
        
           | aikendrum wrote:
           | The issue with this is that advertisements don't exist to
           | answer a question, or provide useful information. They exist
           | to sell a product - whose efficacy, usefulness or
           | appropriateness to the buyer is orthogonal to the
           | effectiveness of the advertisement. Anything can be
           | advertised, from a crooked demagogue to a placebo herbal
           | remedy. The only difference is the budget and the regulation.
           | Advertising is not about the spread of knowledge, it's about
           | the promotion of a good or service that's being sold, period.
        
             | skybrian wrote:
             | Although some advertising is fairly useless or harmful,
             | this ignores a lot of gray areas. For example, companies
             | write interesting and useful blogs to both inform people
             | and sell product.
        
           | throw_nbvc1234 wrote:
           | Sure but do we need a push or pull based model. Ads are
           | pushed into our attention. Google searches and "research" are
           | pull based. If you solve the pull based model the king's
           | doctor just looks it up, discovers something exists, and
           | obtains the treatment.
           | 
           | Recommendations are similar to ads in this regard as well.
           | Maybe blurring the lines between the two depending on how the
           | algo is designed. I'd personally be in favor of
           | recommendation type approaches with combinations of human
           | curation, and an adjustable spectrum of push/pull based
           | results; and the ability to swap between these on a whim as
           | needed.
        
             | muffinman26 wrote:
             | I'd argue that you definitely need a push-based model for
             | preventative measures: vaccines, smoke detectors, Personal
             | Protective Equipment to reduce the spread of disease.
             | 
             | If you don't know how serious a danger is, you won't start
             | doing research on it until it actually occurs, at which
             | point it is too late. It doesn't do much good to remind
             | someone they need to have smoke detectors and check them
             | regularly _after_ the house burns down, or that a vaccine
             | is available after they 're infected.
        
             | xenonite wrote:
             | On the creator side, it is not so easy. If I think that
             | someone is interested in my knowledge or product, I will
             | write a book or produce it. But it only comes available
             | until it lands in some shelf where it can be found. Hence,
             | this is a push.
             | 
             | Alternatively, I could have waited until someone noticed my
             | advertisement to start to write the book or produce the
             | product. Pull.
             | 
             | So where is push and where is pull better?
        
               | throw_nbvc1234 wrote:
               | I wasn't looking at this through the lens of creating
               | content but rather starting from the point you "land in
               | some shelf where it can be found". From this point it's
               | about getting customers/audience which is where push/pull
               | comes into play.
               | 
               | I see ads as purely a push based model; to the GP point,
               | if it was worth looking for why wouldn't you already be
               | looking for it via a pull based method. But you obviously
               | don't know what you don't know. Either 100% push or 100%
               | pull won't be optimal. This is where I see
               | recommendations and being able to swap between a spectrum
               | of XX% push and YY% pull algos is helpful.
               | 
               | For example physical music, i can walk into a record
               | store and decide to buy a handful of records; the store
               | owner can then see those records and recommend more that
               | I could also enjoy and even ask me questions to make
               | those more accurate. This isn't 100% push or pull and
               | also has an element of human curation that inherently
               | doesn't scale but is possibly the most effective
               | approach. I can do the same thing online via discogs and
               | get some automated recommendations. I have a choice
               | between the two and depending if it's a genre I'm
               | familiar with (human recommendation might give me
               | something new) or a new one I'm trying to explore (most
               | popular records recommended by discogs are a good
               | starting point) i can choose one or the other.
               | 
               | I see solving this problem as a key one for the whole
               | creator long-tail, 1k fans, etc... problem-space. Don't
               | have the answers but those are some general ideas.
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | Similar thesis with Goodburn, Klien, Rumpfhuber Till - "The
           | Design of Scarcity". A short, kooky but enjoyable read.
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | Interestingly enough you are spreading word about his work on
         | social media to people (incl. myself) who have not heard about
         | him. I wonder if that makes you an influencer.
        
         | sublinear wrote:
         | I agree with the general observation that "needs" are a more
         | powerful means of making a sale. Advertising tends to focus on
         | "wants".
         | 
         | Yet, at the huge risk of getting downvoted into oblivion isn't
         | rejecting "wants" as a legitimate source of growth a bit
         | Marxist? If the economy only served needs and not wants we
         | would be living in a very bleak and oppressive world.
        
         | mym1990 wrote:
         | Hasn't advertising been around since way before the 50s? But
         | anyways, I think the capitalist society cannot keep churning
         | unless there are new products/services being created
         | regularly...the whole thing is like a house of cards. If
         | production slow down, people lose jobs, no disposable income,
         | consumption goes down, etc...
        
         | Radim wrote:
         | And the remedy (if you believe the status quo needs a remedy)
         | is right in the closing sentence of the article:
         | 
         | > _The promoters want our attention more than our cash._
         | 
         | Try to avoid mass media, minimize exposure to advertising,
         | question externally imposed values. Our human status-seeking
         | rat race is real, but individual degree of participation
         | optional.
         | 
         | (I say "optional" but it may be in the same category as "simply
         | choose to stop shooting heroin", for some psychological
         | profiles, I realize.)
         | 
         | Even here on HN I see comments celebrating that culture of
         | _demand-generation driven innovations_ , apparently the staple
         | of progress in our society. Without which value discovery would
         | collapse overnight. As if inventing a car was on the same level
         | as producing a bottle of Clooney's Casamigo. Which is what the
         | OP is really about, it's a lengthy but fairly focused article.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | There are two kinds of advertising. One is a grocery store
         | putting signs in the windows that say "Fresh cantaloupes, 99
         | cents". This was back when food was seasonal. People knew what
         | cantaloupes were, but may have kind of forgotten about them,
         | because it's been nearly a year since they could get them. So
         | the store advertises that they have cantaloupes. This
         | advertising just says "we have this thing".
         | 
         | Now think of Coke and Pepsi ads from during the "cola wars"
         | era, or beer ads from a wider era. It's all about cool people
         | and beautiful women, and you're supposed to think that maybe
         | you could be cool like that and have a girl like that if you
         | drank that. It has nothing to do with the properties of what's
         | being sold; it's all about image.
         | 
         | The first kind of advertising is what you see when things are
         | scarce; the second you see when things are abundant.
         | 
         | I don't have a problem with the first kind of advertising.
        
         | planetsprite wrote:
         | You'd have to be naive to assume the standard of living in
         | Western countries today is comparable to how it was in the
         | 1950s.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | I agree with you, but if you actually polled people on this
           | issue you would perhaps be surprised how naive the US
           | populace generally is.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | The critique of advertising rings some bells; however, planned
         | obsolescence is not always a bad thing because the advances in
         | new versions might outweigh the energy necessary to produce a
         | better version.
         | 
         | So something like a bread toaster probably suffers from planned
         | obsolescence; LCDs (or generic display technology) likely
         | benefit from planned obsolescence.
         | 
         | Before Telecommunications deregulation everyone had pretty much
         | the same telephone that was leased from the phone co. It was
         | electromechanical with sizeable transformers and magnets in
         | there. Compare that to the sets that were available after
         | deregulation with miniaturized components.
         | 
         | Basically it's not always cut and dried and there is nuance
         | especially when it comes to energy efficiency. On the other
         | hand, it's really annoying to buy kitchen appliances that are
         | poorly manufactured.
        
           | WaitWaitWha wrote:
           | > planned obsolescence is not always a bad thing
           | 
           | To whom? We now have floating islands of plastic from
           | obsolescent devices. That plastic blender I bought 3 years
           | ago is now in the trash heap. My mother's blender she bought
           | 40 years ago is still going. Obsolescence is terrible for the
           | environment in the entire lifecycle of a product. In my
           | opinion, obsolescence are rarely good for the society, never
           | good for the customer. It is only good for the manufacturer.
           | 
           | > Before Telecommunications deregulation everyone had pretty
           | much the same telephone that was leased from the phone co. It
           | was electromechanical with sizeable transformers and magnets
           | in there. Compare that to the sets that were available after
           | deregulation with miniaturized components.
           | 
           | Just to be clear, are you suggesting that deregulation
           | brought in the "not always bad" obsolescence? I know it
           | brought innovation and customer choice, but can you unpack
           | further how it brought obsolescence?
        
             | nonrandomstring wrote:
             | It took me a while reflecting on engineering and design
             | practice to come around to understanding planned
             | obsolescence as a potentially positive thing.
             | 
             | Imagine designing a very high quality metal chain. However,
             | some of the links need to be made of an inferior strength
             | plastic, perhaps to stop them corroding. It's therefore not
             | worth designing the rest of the chain to a higher tensile
             | quality than the weakest links. To do so would actually be
             | very wasteful.
             | 
             | One must distinguish genuine design efficiency, which is a
             | kind of designed obsolescence, from strategic sabotage.
             | That's what most digital goods contain; remote kill
             | switches, countdown timers, deliberate weak fuses, remote
             | updates that remove features, embedded DRM and all manner
             | of user-hostile shitfuckery that amounts to no more than
             | vandalism.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | At the end of my comment I carved out an exception for
             | kitchen appliances as they are notoriously ill designed.
             | 
             | The telephone is an example of a good that improved and was
             | kickstarted with deregulation before that it was WE500
             | types.
        
             | eropple wrote:
             | _> That plastic blender I bought 3 years ago is now in the
             | trash heap. My mother 's blender she bought 40 years ago is
             | still going._
             | 
             | Adjusted for purchasing power, how much did the former cost
             | and how much did the latter cost?
        
               | foobiekr wrote:
               | The argument the poster is making isn't that garbage
               | implementations aren't cheaper, it's that their
               | externalities are terrible.
        
               | feet wrote:
               | Unfortunately some people only seem to consider money as
               | important, all else be damned
        
               | eropple wrote:
               | Of course--that's my point. Those externalities aren't
               | priced in, which is a large part of the purchasing power
               | change for consumer goods over the last couple decades.
               | We can start with the cost of salvage and recycling being
               | priced into COGS, amortized across expected lifetime (and
               | refined as data comes in--make something good that lasts
               | longer, get a refund against your up-front deposit as a
               | manufacturer).
               | 
               | Sorry, I should've been more explicit in my first post.
               | My bad.
        
               | WaitWaitWha wrote:
               | Excellent question. This came up because it just died
               | recently. She said the blender (really a hand mixer) cost
               | $26, and she thinks she bought it 1984 or 1985. So that
               | would be approximately $72 in today's US dollar.[0]
               | 
               | I can find hand mixers online from $13 to $238 (amzn).
               | Let's agree that today's mixer will last 5 years. Also,
               | let's pick the price "average" at $50. That would put the
               | total cost at $400. If we go with $13, it is still $104,
               | and unlikely we could get 5 years out of it.
               | 
               | So, to a customer no it is not an improvement. For the
               | environment, no it is not an improvement. Correct me if I
               | am wrong
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.saving.org/inflation/inflation.php
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | > Let's agree that today's mixer will last 5 years
               | 
               | Why? Your entire analysis is based around this completely
               | unfounded assertion. My cheap plastic kitchen appliances
               | are lasting much longer than 5 years.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | Mine last much less than 5 years.
        
               | snake_plissken wrote:
               | I often wonder if PPP comparisons are relevant anymore.
               | What is the significance that you could buy 10 blenders
               | in 2022 with $1 40 years ago in 1982? I guess its
               | meaningful because you didn't have the buy a new blender
               | every few years. But what happens to all of the old
               | blenders being replaced?
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | Isn't most of the plastic in oceans from fishing nets?
             | Landfills aren't all that much of a problem.
        
       | technotony wrote:
       | This was a real trend, but it's not going to survive the current
       | collapse in VC valuations. It's all well and good selling a
       | puffed up valuation on capital in a bull market but now investors
       | care about profits and fundementals again and most of these
       | businesses aren't designed for that world. RIP.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | > These influencers are taking over an increasingly large slice
       | of promotional budgets
       | 
       | Here is what people have been asking for. Instead of tracking
       | people and invading their privacy, real life becomes ads. Better?
        
       | macawfish wrote:
       | The squeaky wheel has always gotten the grease though hasn't it?
        
       | WaitWaitWha wrote:
       | > In terms of bang for your buck, influencers have quickly become
       | the gold standard for marketing products and creating fast
       | wealth.
       | 
       | I had a personal frustration with the moniker "influencer",
       | because I am pretending I am not influenced. Harrumph.
       | 
       | But, indeed they influence and if I take step back, it is the
       | most appropriate name for these marketers. Whatever they push, be
       | it shampoo, bourbon, or politics, they are _just advertisements_
       | ; fancy billboards; placard (sandwich board) man; and now the
       | "influencer".
        
         | _manifold wrote:
         | The thing that bugs me about "influencers" is that it seems in
         | a lot of cases the content is formulated as a host for ads and
         | monetization, rather than the creator focusing on creating
         | worthwhile content first with advertising as a secondary
         | concern (in a lot of cases non-endemically.)
         | 
         | Obviously, what is considered "worthwhile" is entirely
         | subjective - people wouldn't be following, say, Kylie Jenner on
         | social media if they didn't see some sort of value in it. Also
         | I'm pretty sure a lot of people just don't care about being
         | advertised to, or even enjoy it, if it's in a niche that they
         | follow.
         | 
         | To me, it feels more insidious, especially when the line blurs
         | between what is and ad and what is not. I hate being marketed
         | to in such a way that it is so interleaved with the "actual"
         | content - it starts making me question the validity of the
         | content. By example, I used to browse Pinterest every now and
         | again (mostly as a time waster) - it was interesting to search
         | certain keywords and save things that looked interesting or
         | sparked my curiosity. There were ads spaced every several
         | tiles, but in general they seemed more or less separated from
         | user-submitted content. Now, there are ads seemingly every
         | third or fourth tile, and many "normal" tiles are ads as well,
         | submitted by corporate accounts. I've pretty much stopped using
         | it entirely.
        
         | Underphil wrote:
         | The key for me is being able to spot when it's happening and
         | either ignore it or (better still) click away.
        
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