[HN Gopher] There are now 8B of us - but soon we'll hit a declin...
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       There are now 8B of us - but soon we'll hit a decline we'll never
       reverse
        
       Author : adrian_mrd
       Score  : 33 points
       Date   : 2022-11-12 21:40 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.abc.net.au)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.abc.net.au)
        
       | phpisthebest wrote:
       | As I get older the number of these long term predictions that
       | never come that I have personally live through increases. I never
       | believe anyone of them now.
       | 
       | I wonder if that is why there is such resistance to climate
       | change among older people...
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | People "resist climate change" because most climate change
         | rhetoric is transparently trying to get them to vote a
         | different way or buy some different thing. If it was stated
         | just in terms of a causal relationship, like rising CO2 raises
         | global temperature, fewer people would object.
         | 
         | Put another way, one group conflates the fact of CO2 increases
         | + greenhouse effect with suggested political acrions. Another
         | group counters by conflating not agreeing with political
         | actions with disputing the underlying physics.
        
         | akudha wrote:
         | I don't know about other predictions, but at the end of 2022,
         | if someone denies climate change, it is just dumb.
         | 
         | My guess is that these older people probably think they'll be
         | gone soon anyway, so why give up air travel, gas guzzling cars
         | etc? It is a problem for younger generations to deal with
        
         | jemmyw wrote:
         | The original climate change predictions were pretty much on the
         | mark even though they weren't complex models.
         | 
         | The problem is usually the media rather than the science.
         | Journalists turn everything into sensationalist claims.
        
         | taberiand wrote:
         | Do you have examples in particular of those long term
         | predictions that haven't eventuated?
        
           | mahkeiro wrote:
           | The one I remember for my country was that by year 2000
           | (prediction made in 1980s) half of the forest will be gone
           | because of acid rain. I remember as a kid magazines with
           | illustrations showing large dead forest everywhere. Lack of
           | ozone layer was also supposed to kill most of the planet.
           | Fortunately when the danger is identified people start to
           | act, this make long term predictions very difficult.
        
       | ForHackernews wrote:
       | "Never" is a very long time. Is there any reason to think the
       | human population won't reach some kind of a steady-state
       | eventually?
        
       | jacknobody wrote:
       | So who's amazed, anyway. We've seen population growth and decay
       | curves and noted that our species has more characteristics in
       | common with the short lived species that only go for a few
       | million years than it has with the long surviving genus of
       | cockroaches for example. We're a species which must die out. We
       | must make our peace with that fact, just as we face our personal
       | deaths.
        
       | thriftwy wrote:
       | In Babylon V the TV series, in the season 4 we casually find out
       | that Centauri Prime, the home planet of one of strongest races
       | who decide fate of universe, host less actual people than some
       | irrelevant humanoid species' home planet (was it 4B vs. 8B?)
       | 
       | There are also some ancient races who are very powerful
       | individually but only have a few hundred individuals left
       | (sometimes, one).
       | 
       | It seems that individual power tends to rise but overall numbers
       | tend to dwindle as a race develops, and quality * quantity would
       | eventually peak.
       | 
       | Maybe it's how it works in the real life as well.
        
         | jemmyw wrote:
         | Not sure you can draw conclusions from a TV show. I thought the
         | point of the Centauri was that they were declining due to
         | decadence.
        
           | thriftwy wrote:
           | But who isn't decadent these day? The Minbari were quite
           | obviously declining too, and the Vorlon were obviously thin
           | in numbers.
           | 
           | TV show is what may give food for thoughts.
        
       | MisterSandman wrote:
       | > Cities are growing, chewing up arable farmland.
       | 
       | Um, what? City area growth is slow and mostly vertically, and
       | effect of farmlands have been minimal, at least compared to other
       | factors.
        
         | idlehand wrote:
         | Many cities grow by adding more suburban areas. It's a very
         | land-intensive way to grow, but popular among families as they
         | don't have to live in apartments.
        
       | lionello wrote:
       | "We're getting older and older, which means there are fewer
       | people able to work to support more people who can't."
       | 
       | Well, if we're getting older and older, isn't that because we're
       | getting healthier and healthier? Wouldn't the number of years
       | we're "able to work to support more people" increase as well?
        
         | bakuninsbart wrote:
         | I'm 30 now and having the first minor issues of my body not
         | working as great as before, I can't imagine how it is at 70.
         | The simple fact is that almost no full-time career job (except
         | for politician apparently) can be fully filled by the average
         | 70 year old.
         | 
         | Either the vast majority of our productivity gains will to to
         | pensions in the future (as they already do in Europe), or
         | retired people will have to live with severe cuts to living
         | standards.
        
         | WalterSear wrote:
         | Not equally.
        
         | mertd wrote:
         | Birthrates are falling too. Meaning less young people to pull
         | down the average age.
        
         | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
         | > isn't that because we're getting healthier and healthier?
         | 
         | Not necessarily, just look at the obesity epidemic. 40% of
         | Americans are now obese. Not overweight, obese. Our society has
         | tackled large scale public health issues that used to kill lots
         | of people (cholera, polio, etc.) But living longer is no way an
         | indicator that we are healthier than we used to be. There's not
         | as much out there to kill us when we're young.
         | 
         | 0: https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-
         | communities/articles/...
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | "Older and older" means the average age.
         | 
         | This is driven more by the number of old/young people rather
         | than a small % increase in life expectancy.
         | 
         | Look at a graph of the distribution of people in age groups
        
       | LaserDiscMan wrote:
       | I wonder how countries will attempt to deal with declining
       | populations. Immigration isn't really a solution, as the
       | countries with positive fertility rates (falling fast) are not
       | producing enough children to balance the decline. I find the
       | geopolitical implications fascinating to think about. If a
       | country is declining and cannot tempt migrants, does it perhaps
       | become a tax haven? Is it absorbed by a larger country (either
       | willingly or by force)? Does it join a union of other countries
       | to form the start of a global government?
       | 
       | Economically, could the deflationary pressures of a declining
       | population lead to low/negative interest rates and hyper QE?
       | 
       | It's going to be interesting to see.
        
         | idlehand wrote:
         | More importantly, the countries with high birth rates do not
         | have enough human capital to replace aging Westerners.
         | 
         | Their kids aren't equipped to take the millions of vacant
         | Western jobs, because they won't have the necessary education,
         | especially when it comes to language.
        
       | smitty1e wrote:
       | Sweet, sweet Malthusianism.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malthusianism
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | This has nothing to do with the article, which is about the
         | natural decline in the number of children per woman, slated to
         | fall below replacement levels in the next 100 years.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Birth rates are already below replacement levels worldwide,
           | and well below it in all but Africa. "Peak baby" worldwide
           | was in 2013. Japan's population peaked in 2017. Outside of
           | Osaka and Tokyo, the country is emptying out. Look to Japan
           | first to see how this plays out.
           | 
           | China's population is peaking now. So is the US native-born
           | population.[1]
           | 
           | Almost all the population growth worldwide is in sub-Saharan
           | Africa. That region may not survive global warming.
           | 
           | [1] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNU00073413
        
       | jefftk wrote:
       | Predictions this far out are pretty silly given how much
       | technological and change we've had in the past century and how
       | much we can see on the horizon. Still, even if you held our
       | technological state constant a permanent gradual decline is very
       | unlikely given biological and cultural evolution: the children of
       | people who have more kids than average will likely do the same,
       | undoing the demographic transition.
        
         | skissane wrote:
         | The article is only considering the social majority and
         | ignoring the existing of minority groups - for example, ultra-
         | Orthodox Jews - who appear to be consistently maintaining high
         | birth rates and avoiding any demographic transition. While they
         | are only a tiny minority in most countries (Israel being the
         | exception), if they continue on their current trajectory for a
         | few centuries, they (and similar groups) will come to make up
         | the majority of the population.
        
       | throwaway892238 wrote:
       | It's hard to take any kind of wholesale prediction of population
       | calamity seriously after _The Population Bomb_ bombed in the
       | early 1970s. But this article claims to be able to predict the
       | future of civilization 100 years into the future. Assuming we
       | even _make it another 100 years_ , there is no way to know what
       | our population will look like then, or whether we could pull
       | another technological/logistical food revolution out of our
       | asses, or whether global cultures would start to embrace a
       | further explosion of population. WW2 resulted in unprecedented
       | population growth in the USA. There's no way to know if a similar
       | event, here or in other countries, might shake what we _expect_
       | growth to be, or why. The biggest mistake we could make is to
       | expect consistency.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > Assuming we even make it another 100 years, there is no way
         | to know what our population will look like then, or whether we
         | could not pull another technological/logistical revolution out
         | of our asses, or whether global cultures would start to embrace
         | a further explosion of population.
         | 
         | It feels like women in pretty much all cultures where women
         | achieve financial independence and have control over how many
         | children they have, choose to have 0, 1, 2, or rarely 3. Which
         | makes sense given the risks and costliness of childbirth for
         | them.
         | 
         | So I would guess that any culture that results in population
         | explosion would have to either have medical advances that
         | address the risks and costs of childbirth, or go backwards on
         | women's independence. Or really sweeten the deal in terms of
         | financial and other incentives, but I don't how well that would
         | fare.
        
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       (page generated 2022-11-12 23:01 UTC)