[HN Gopher] FTC restores rigorous enforcement of law banning unf...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       FTC restores rigorous enforcement of law banning unfair methods of
       competition
        
       Author : nabilhat
       Score  : 260 points
       Date   : 2022-11-10 19:30 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ftc.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ftc.gov)
        
       | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | wesapien wrote:
       | I'll believe it when I see it. These people selectively apply the
       | rules.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | throwayyy479087 wrote:
         | I'm sure that this won't be applied to Amazon, Apple, Google -
         | those donate to the right people. Pretty sure this will be
         | applied to the Kochs, Exxon, etc.
         | 
         | They all deserve it, of course, but there's a finger on the
         | scales of justice and has been since the 90s.
        
         | tremon wrote:
         | And they will continue to do so as long as corporate america is
         | as lawless as it is. The FTC can't enforce the rules on
         | everyone at the same time, so they have to choose their
         | targets. And why should businesses play by the rules if in
         | another 8 years at the most the FTC will be gutted again and
         | the spectre ofenforcement disappears?
         | 
         | The only way for this to change is if the corporations start
         | skirting on the right side of the law, and they won't do that
         | voluntarily unless the risk is sufficiently high (see e.g.
         | Sarbanes-Oxley). Don't blame the FTC, blame the purposeful
         | undermining by alternating administrations.
        
       | rdtwo wrote:
       | So we're going to fight mergers and acquisition's when interest
       | rates are so high they probably wouldn't have happened anyway
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | nostromo wrote:
         | The effect on cheap money on anti-competitive practices is
         | massive and almost nobody knows about it.
        
           | munificent wrote:
           | Count me as one of the people who doesn't know about it. Can
           | you explain more?
        
       | fmajid wrote:
       | This won't matter unless the courts in thrall to the Chicago
       | School judicial activism of Robert Bork are curbed by Congress.
       | 
       | https://www.theamericanconservative.com/robert-borks-america...
       | 
       | (this is a conservative publication that can't be accused of
       | having an axe to grind against Bork, BTW).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | FredPret wrote:
         | Thanks for a fascinating read
        
       | CleverLikeAnOx wrote:
       | I wish loyalty programs would be considered unfair competition.
       | They are a drain on society.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | I don't see how they would be considered "unfair competition"
         | under any meaningful definition of "unfair competition" (ie.
         | something that isn't just "bad for consumers"). It costs
         | nothing to sign up for loyalty programs, and being in a loyalty
         | program doesn't hinder your ability to comparison shop or go to
         | the store with the best deals. Yes, it does require you to jump
         | through hoops to get the best price and is effectively price
         | discrimination, but I don't see how it's any different than
         | other forms of price discrimination (eg. having rotating
         | specials so you're forced to plan ahead and/or stock up).
        
           | CleverLikeAnOx wrote:
           | It would probably be a stretch and overreach, but the angle I
           | would take is that they are competing not on the merit of
           | their products.
           | 
           | Consider airline miles. Each time I purchase a ticket,
           | instead of choosing the best deal (fair competition), I am
           | incentivized to choose an airline I have chosen in the past
           | so as not to fragment my points across several accounts. And
           | of course, these "rewards" are all a price passed on to the
           | consumer.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | I have been buying flights for 20 years and not once has
             | that crossed my mind.
             | 
             | It goes:
             | 
             | Number of stops -> arrival/departure time -> layover time
             | -> cost.
             | 
             | I also feel like I only ever have 1 nonstop flight option,
             | maybe 2. Maybe the biggest airports have sufficiently
             | redundant flights, but even then, surely most people know
             | points are worth 1% at most, and in my experience, flight
             | prices differ by hundreds.
             | 
             | I would be confused if I learned people were buying flights
             | based on points/miles. I assume the miles/points are mainly
             | utilized by very frequent travelers, or people using credit
             | card rewards.
        
         | ClassyJacket wrote:
         | I agree. I want the Tesco Meal Deal without the bastards
         | tracking me.
        
           | headhasthoughts wrote:
           | Why should they give you a "deal" that they do at a loss or
           | near-loss if you aren't willing to sacrifice the necessary
           | currency for it?
           | 
           | Allowing people who don't care about their privacy to sell it
           | seems like a fair transaction. Sabotaging capitalism &
           | markets by not allowing consumers and producers to engage in
           | barter seems inadvisable.
           | 
           | I personally care about my privacy, so I choose not to use
           | overbearing services. I don't think that I should rob others
           | of the ability to trade their privacy for better deals.
        
             | nonrandomstring wrote:
             | > Allowing people who don't care about their privacy to
             | sell it seems like a fair transaction. Sabotaging
             | capitalism & markets by not allowing consumers and
             | producers to engage in barter seems inadvisable.
             | 
             | This seems intuitively free and fair, but the same
             | sentiment is the centrepiece of John Stuart Mill's
             | (problematic but fascinating) examination of Harm Principle
             | and limits of personal liberty.
             | 
             | Namely; not being able to sell yourself into slavery.
             | 
             | Ordinary people (in the technological age) are not really
             | capable of understanding or valuing their privacy and
             | weighting the consequences of trading it. For the same
             | reason we don't allow children to enter contracts I think
             | it could fairly be said the average adult doesn't have
             | capacity to "trade their privacy".
        
             | pasquinelli wrote:
             | > I don't think that I should rob others of the ability to
             | trade their privacy for better deals.
             | 
             | by allowing the practice, the people that are fine with
             | being tracked are imposing a tax on everyone else.
        
             | lozenge wrote:
             | It's not a loss or near-loss.
             | 
             | I see it as a dodge around unit pricing. Every price has
             | the price per item and the price per 100ml/100g/whatever is
             | appropriate. It's the law that applies to all shops that
             | aren't small.
             | 
             | Easy to compare, until you come to the discounted prices
             | which don't have unit prices printed. They can be multi
             | buys, Clubcard offers, bundles, or whatever.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Anyone who cares can pull out their phone and use the
               | calculator
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | They jack up the 'normal' prices to ludicrous levels so the
             | 'discount' price looks like a discount.
             | 
             | Really, the 'discount' price is the original price.
             | 
             | It's a shell game.
        
           | Moissanite wrote:
           | Even with the tracking, the inflation resistance of the meal
           | deal is a monument to British stoicism.
        
           | melony wrote:
           | Better to be tracked than to starve. Absent a state provided
           | safety net, cheap food is the next best thing.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | "Areacode" 867-5309 usually works in the US.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | tanseydavid wrote:
             | That's a 415 area code number, and because Jenny has lived
             | in Marin County the entire time (since 1981) she has never
             | suffered an area code change like many in the Bay Area have
             | over the years. ;)
        
             | shaoonb wrote:
             | I think the parent comment was talking about a loyalty card
             | discount at a supermarket that (I assume) only exists in
             | the UK and Ireland.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | jetpks wrote:
               | > I think the parent comment was talking about a loyalty
               | card discount at a supermarket
               | 
               | They are & so is the parent of your post. In the US, it's
               | common for supermarket cashiers to lookup loyalty cards
               | by the customer's phone number. The comment you replied
               | to is saying that the phone number <area-code>-867-5309
               | is almost always tied to an existing loyalty card. Lots
               | of people just give that phone number if they want the
               | discounts without signing up.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Yep, there may be a similar "famous" number in other
               | countries.
               | 
               | You can also get a copy of a barcode by various nefarious
               | means, if needed.
        
             | elgenie wrote:
             | For anyone not getting the cultural reference, it's due to
             | a 40 year old pop song that used that phone number (as one
             | belonging to a Jenny to be called "for a good time").
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WTdTwcmxyo
             | 
             | In the overwhelming majority of US television and movies,
             | onscreen phone numbers are of the form 555-xxxx to prevent
             | clashes with those telecoms actually hand out. However,
             | numbers of the form 867-xxxx are perfectly valid; and when
             | Brown University made the mistake of handing out 867-5309
             | to an unfortunate dorm room around 1999 or so, those people
             | were deluged with phone calls asking for Jenny.
        
               | seanp2k2 wrote:
               | Perhaps (281) 330-8004 is the more modern equivalent :)
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | I wonder if some stores flag it. I've used it a lot with
             | success, but once in a Walgreens they asked me for the name
             | on the loyalty account after I punched it in.
        
             | justincormack wrote:
             | UK does have official "media phone numbers"
             | https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-telecoms-and-
             | internet/inform... but none that are widely known and used
             | I think.
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | I don't get them, honestly.
         | 
         | Kroger for example. Jacks prices wayyy up without 'Plus.'
         | 
         | Being clever, I decided to 'sign up' manually but never filled
         | out the form or sent it in. Still gave me discounts.
         | 
         | Tell others about my newfound secret, and they laugh and tell
         | me they're doing the same tracking and more via my credit card.
         | Doh.
         | 
         | What was the point of the loyalty card then?
        
           | autoexec wrote:
           | > What was the point of the loyalty card then?
           | 
           | the main point of loyalty cards was (and still is) data
           | collection (which you've managed to work around) but they are
           | also being used to help condition the public into accepting
           | the idea that some people get (or even "deserve" to get)
           | different prices than other people for the exact same items
           | because of who or what they are.
           | 
           | For example:
           | 
           | https://abcnews.go.com/Business/supermarkets-introduce-
           | perso...
           | 
           | https://risnews.com/safeway-offers-personalized-pricing-
           | prog...
           | 
           | Businesses always try to frame this as allowing them to offer
           | "deals" to you, but honestly what they want is to raise
           | prices just for you. They stand to make a killing on
           | personalized dynamic pricing. It could massively inflate
           | their profits (entirely at your expense) but what has been
           | standing in their way so far is that consumers find
           | personalized pricing to be invasive, unfair, and
           | discriminatory. Businesses are working very hard to get the
           | public to accept personalized pricing though and loyalty
           | cards/programs are seen as a way to help that.
           | 
           | Unless you like being ripped off and being taken advantage
           | of, try to resist and push back against personalized pricing
           | when you see it.
           | 
           | See:
           | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41272-019-00224-3
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | atty wrote:
           | As someone who worked at Kroger ~10 years ago, even then
           | credit cards were probably only 60-70% of payments. A lot of
           | cash and checks. The loyalty programs had their start when it
           | wasn't quite so easy to track purely via payment. Also helps
           | to connect a person with a definite address to mail
           | brochures/coupons to, and to link accounts when someone
           | changes credit card numbers, etc.
        
             | silisili wrote:
             | > credit cards were probably only 60-70% of payments
             | 
             | Do you think it's still that way today? I really have no
             | idea. I worked grocery 20 years ago and remember being
             | amazed how many people pay cash. I can't remember the last
             | time I've seen someone pay with a check at the grocery. I
             | see cash here and there, but mostly credit or tap. But I
             | have no idea what the breakdown would be.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | myroon5 wrote:
           | Price discrimination based on who cares enough to jump
           | through hoops, similar to coupons
        
       | Nomentatus wrote:
       | Note that this statement, while semantically true, is highly
       | misleading: "Congress passed the Federal Trade Commission Act in
       | 1914 because it was unhappy with the enforcement of the Sherman
       | Act, the original antitrust statute." In truth, the laws were
       | harsher vs anticompetitive conduct _before_ the Sherman Act was
       | passed, with a history going back hundreds of years (in England)
       | under the rubrick  "Restraint of Trade." This was common law, not
       | statute law.
       | 
       | The Sherman Act was the first statute, true, but its main
       | function was to kneecap common law penalties by limiting penalty
       | amounts. President Harrison was sincere about limiting
       | monopolies, according to his writings, at least, but it's not at
       | all clear that sly John Sherman (brother of railroad president
       | and General William Tecumsah Sherman), was.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | riazrizvi wrote:
       | A good thing, since fair methods of competition is the single
       | differentiating policy of the USA that put it into a dominant
       | world position over the last 200+ years. See Why Nations Fail by
       | Acemoglu and Robinson.
        
         | MR4D wrote:
         | The two big oceans on either side of us helped quite a bit. Not
         | being an easy target of your enemies might matter more than any
         | given policy.
        
           | edwnj wrote:
           | Doesn't make you an economic hegemon.. India is similarly
           | protected by an ocean on both sides and the Himalayan
           | mountains..
        
             | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
             | India is directly bordered by their biggest rival that they
             | have constant conflicts with.
        
             | largepeepee wrote:
             | Well India didn't have an event where the locals that spoke
             | different were massacred or reeducated/"civilized" like the
             | other super powers of the US and China.
             | 
             | Actually the idea of modern India is mostly a product of
             | the British, so in that aspect they are a young nation.
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | To add to this, decolonization of the british raj wasn't
               | all roses and sunshine either. (the split of india and
               | pakistan was especially)
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | The US really hit the geographic jackpot - long coasts with
           | good harbors on Earth's two biggest oceans, an immense river
           | system connecting basically the whole agricultural heartland,
           | an immense area with good soil and temperate climate capable
           | of supporting large scale agriculture, substantial oil
           | reserves and other mineral wealth, and few regions prone to
           | natural disasters. It's hard to imagine a better starting
           | position.
        
           | righttty wrote:
        
           | themitigating wrote:
           | Germany and Japan were devastated by WW2 and are now both
           | economic powerhouses
        
             | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
             | Both countries were rebuilt almost entirely by USA in the
             | aftermath.
        
               | kazen44 wrote:
               | don't forget that the Marshall aid also prevent a massive
               | economic crisis in the US.
               | 
               | After world war 2, employment collapsed because of the
               | downturn of the war economy.
               | 
               | From a realpolitik perspective, its a smart move. Using
               | the marshall aid to get influence in europe, prevent your
               | main competitor from gaining further foothold on the
               | continent and also having market (which requires a near
               | complete rebuildup) for your economy to divert to after
               | the collapse of the war economy.
        
               | yrgulation wrote:
               | And war reparations germany never made. Fortunately
               | everyone is now well aware of the damage germany is
               | making to europe. We also know how germany treated east
               | europe by attempting to share it with russia. The
               | pipeline was a warning shot: change course of suffer
               | consequences.
        
             | PKop wrote:
             | Germany had their cheap energy trade agreement with Russia
             | blocked for years by US, and recently had their pipelines
             | attacked. Their ability to freely grow in power is
             | constrained. _If_ they got as even close to as powerful as
             | the US did or were even rising as they have been recently,
             | their neighbors would meddle in their affairs and block
             | their progress. Russia, France, UK, etc. So, US not having
             | a close competitor has aided them greatly in dominating
             | their hemisphere and using the resources available to them
             | to grow into the global power.
        
               | eternalban wrote:
               | Germany dominates EU. The French-German duo have been
               | cooperating for years now. The limits prior to Putin's
               | folly were on German militarization. The French required
               | that given the history between the two. For years in fact
               | there has been vocal voices asking Germany to politically
               | act according to its economic stature.
               | 
               | This singling out of Germany from Europe is Russian
               | propaganda. The core message, as you obviously have
               | learned, is "US is keeping Europe under its thumbs
               | because it is afraid of losing its dominance." What they
               | neglected to add was that this is also the position of
               | many European elites, who do -not- want to go back to
               | Europe before Pax Americana.
               | 
               | In fact, just as in US, so too in Europe and Asia, there
               | is a division amongst the elite regarding the current
               | global regime. It is clear why a loser like Russia would
               | want this, but would say Japan or Taiwan, or France, or
               | even Germany, want to go back to a world where 'balance
               | of powers' and periodic 'big wars' are par per course?
               | 
               | As for US, that bill from Pentagon is not just for
               | 'keeping America safe'. No. It is the price of the
               | replacement of the British Empire and its maintenance of
               | global finance and trade. That shit costs a lot of money.
               | So if we decide to go "multi-polar", we no longer have to
               | spend that much money - let the East Asians duke it out
               | over who controls the island chains. US will remain a
               | powerhouse in every way.
               | 
               | p.s.
               | 
               | re-read the above and the point is opaque. The 'cost' of
               | living in the American era for other countries is
               | possibility of having to sacrifice their national
               | interest in the interest of the global order. US does
               | this routinely btw (which gets a certain subset of
               | Americans quite upset as you know) and so it's not just
               | asking say Germany to give up cheap Russian oil. Remember
               | us giving a whole chunk of our industrial base to China?
               | That was not in our purely national interest but it was
               | in the interest of having a peaceful global order. China
               | had to be integrated.
               | 
               | So, this is my recommendation for all "multi-polar" fans.
               | Reflect on this: WW3, if it happens, will happen post
               | multi-polarity. Just like #1 and #2 followed the
               | breakdown of Concert of Europe in 19th century.
        
             | yrgulation wrote:
             | Yeah but things are about to change for germany. At best it
             | will stagnate.
        
           | VWWHFSfQ wrote:
           | Which is also why Canada enjoys easy politics about their
           | border protection.
           | 
           | There are no tunnels or fence-jumpers between Lancaster and
           | Tolstoi.
        
             | akomtu wrote:
             | There are kayakers, but those are usually civilized.
        
               | xmonkee wrote:
               | Kinda unkind to imply immigrants are not civilized.
        
               | voz_ wrote:
               | Illegal immigrants are by definition knowingly breaking a
               | law, a rather uncivilized act. Kayakers or border
               | hoppers, regardless of country of origin, are not
               | behaving in a civilized way.
               | 
               | - signed, a legal immigrant
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | breaking a law is not an uncivilized act. Everyone breaks
               | laws all the time
        
               | xmonkee wrote:
               | I am also a legal immigrant, and it was kinda easy being
               | one because of the luck of being born in a particular set
               | of circumstances. If someone is crossing a border because
               | they are failing to feed their family without it, that's
               | a highly civilized act. Please don't demonize people just
               | because they life has been harder than you understand.
        
           | luckydata wrote:
           | and the big piece of land full of resources the colonizers
           | stole right in the middle of those two oceans might have been
           | a factor too.
           | 
           | the remarkable thing is what a terrible, unlivable, ugly
           | nation we built out of all that wealth. The Romans built
           | imperial Rome, the French empire built Paris, the US
           | government built... a beige car dependent urban sprawl.
           | 
           | Americans should be ashamed of themselves.
        
             | vineyardmike wrote:
             | > the US government built... a beige car dependent urban
             | sprawl.
             | 
             | So I agree... BUT its survivor bias. A middle class
             | American (say median income), would absolutely rather take
             | suburban America in the most soulless subdevelopement over
             | whatever a median income roman would live in.
             | 
             | The pretty things in Rome stayed 2000 years because people
             | liked it. Think of everything that didn't make it. They
             | also had hundreds of years more to build them than the US
             | has had. The Empire State Building, much of DC, victorian
             | homes in SF... there's plenty of lasting beauty in America.
             | Many more cities with many more opportunities for lasting
             | beauty. Just look at Boston, its a dynamic city with a mix
             | of old and new... its an example of what the next Rome may
             | look like 2000 years from now.
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | I would bet every dollar I have that if you had to live in
             | imperial Rome, or Paris during the French Empire, that you
             | would be begging to go back to this "terrible, unlivable,
             | ugly nation."
        
           | moonchrome wrote:
           | Does that apply to South America and Mexico ?
        
             | ochoseis wrote:
             | Sapiens and Guns, Germs and Steel discuss this some. The US
             | also benefits greatly from its geography. Good farming land
             | that stretches through a consistent latitude allows you to
             | use similar techniques and crops across. The same is not
             | true for more mountainous and longitudinally-oriented
             | areas. I believe this applies more to continents than
             | individual countries, and South America is definitely
             | narrower and taller than the US.
        
               | deaddodo wrote:
               | Guns, Germs and Steel is heavily discredited among the
               | history and anthropology fields.
               | 
               | Sapiens is pretty decent, though the first half is better
               | than the second.
        
               | boc wrote:
               | The Accidental Superpower is a good book that goes deeper
               | on this topic.
        
             | MR4D wrote:
             | Yes on the oceans, but having either jungle and/or a
             | mountain range bifurcating a country tends to make it
             | expensive to integrate into a cohesive country, so the
             | benefits become more limited.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | The lack of military invasions has certainly been a boon,
             | but not sufficient to overcome the issues left over by
             | Spanish/Portuguese style colonialism which created land
             | owning aristocracies and rampant corruption. Argentina,
             | Brazil, and Chile really all ought to be superpowers and
             | Venezuela could have been richer than Saudi Arabia.
        
           | riazrizvi wrote:
           | So the more inaccessible your country is then the more likely
           | you are to have a roaring economy? That doesn't make sense.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | Inaccessible to enemy tanks, yes. The UK, Switzerland,
             | Australia, Japan, etc all benefit from the fact that it is
             | very hard to march an army into their territory and thus
             | they can build factories and infrastructure confident
             | tjhey're not going to be destroyed, and engage in trade
             | freely confident that they are not empowering someone who
             | will destroy them.
        
             | cheriot wrote:
             | Specifically, the US was outside the range of WW2 weapons.
             | At the end of the war our factories were the only ones
             | left. Secret sauce of the American economic boom.
        
               | permo-w wrote:
               | don't forget selling weapons, fuel and vehicles to both
               | sides. at the end of WW2, the US had 2/3 of the world's
               | gold. that didn't come from nowhere
        
           | quadcore wrote:
           | In that regard, having (almost) the whole population owning
           | firearms is probably quite a strong deterent as well.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | When selecting a price for your product, you have three choices:
       | 
       | 1. lower than the competition - unfair competition, dumping,
       | predatory pricing
       | 
       | 2. same as the competition - collusion, price fixing
       | 
       | 3. higher than the competition - gouging, profiteering
       | 
       | All three price points are illegal.
        
         | vineyardmike wrote:
         | First of all, the article (and original source [1]) doesn't
         | actually discuss pricing. Page 12 starts a list of historic
         | examples, none mention pricing.
         | 
         | Important quote (page 8):
         | 
         | > "The method of competition must be unfair, meaning that the
         | conduct goes beyond competition on the merits. Competition on
         | the merits may include, for example, superior products or
         | services, superior business acumen, truthful marketing and
         | advertising practices, investment in research and development
         | that leads to innovative outputs, or attracting employees and
         | workers through the offering of better employment terms."
         | 
         | Second of all, this is intentionally one-sided perspective to
         | say all are illegal (its not). Personally, I say screw the
         | giant corps, do what's best for people in society, even at the
         | expense of profit margins. Why do we sympathize with giant
         | corporations? With inflation rising, IMO we should expect that
         | business take smaller profit margins to keep prices from
         | inflating higher. What is the harm in shareholders missing out
         | on profits a bit in 2022? Surely less to society than all the
         | lower-income folks missing out on buying food.
         | 
         | To address the "all three prices are illegal" point (which,
         | again, is not true)
         | 
         | 1. If you price your product at a loss in the attempt to drive
         | your competition out of business, then maybe this applies, but
         | only maybe.
         | 
         | 2. Only if you actually collude/price fix. You can find the
         | same natural market price as competition without collusion.
         | Coffee shops sell coffee at similar prices because the all the
         | businesses have similar costs, and consumers have a limit to
         | their willingness to spend.
         | 
         | 3. Only if you do it under limited circumstances. Price gouging
         | is rare. BMW doesn't price gouge for selling more expensive
         | cars than Toyota, but buying 100% of the supply of a drug and
         | 100x'ing the price just to make more money is bad for society,
         | and more likely to be price gouging.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/P221202Section5...
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | > Personally, I say screw the giant corps
           | 
           | Giant corps are the engines that drive the economy. Take them
           | away, and you've got an economy in the dumpster. (Small
           | businesses are the future. A healthy economy requires both.)
           | 
           | > we should expect that business take smaller profit margins
           | to keep prices from inflating higher
           | 
           | Businesses neither aid nor retard inflation. Inflation is a
           | monetary phenomenon caused by deficit spending. If you want
           | less inflation, vote against the deficit spenders.
           | 
           | > which, again, is not true
           | 
           | Amusingly, your exposition admits they are all illegal,
           | although selectively applied. Mostly for BS reasons, like
           | Microsoft being charged with giving away a browser for free
           | (no harm to consumers was ever established).
        
         | enragedcacti wrote:
         | > 2. same as the competition - collusion, price fixing
         | 
         | Only true if you arrived at those prices via collusion
         | 
         | > 3. higher than the competition - gouging, profiteering
         | 
         | In the US gouging is pretty much always legally defined as
         | "raising prices in the immediate aftermath of a civil emergency
         | on necessary items". People might use the terms colloquially
         | but that doesn't make it illegal.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | Clearly the answer is a price that isn't disclosed online, and
         | requires the customer to fill out a form disclosing their name
         | ("ethnicity"), address ("socioeconomic status"), and
         | title/company ("education level") before they can receive a
         | quote on the item. /s
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | Except they're not.
         | 
         | 1) If your costs are legitimately less than the competition
         | then charging less is not illegal. If you're taking a loss to
         | gain market share and then upping the price once the
         | competitors go out of business that's a problem.
         | 
         | 2) Have you seen gas stations? If setting your price to be the
         | same was illegal there'd be so many convicted people.
         | 
         | 3) I don't remember profiteering being illegal. Literally a ton
         | of companies have been recording record profit and certainly
         | people have been complaining but who was fined/imprisoned?
         | Martin Shkreli wasn't convicted of profiteering cause it's not
         | a crime.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | > are legitimately less
           | 
           | Cost accounting is not a rigorous discipline. It involves a
           | lot of assumptions, guesswork, and handwaving.
           | 
           | > taking a loss to gain market share and then upping the
           | price once the competitors go out of business that's a
           | problem.
           | 
           | Present a case history of this.
           | 
           | > If setting your price to be the same
           | 
           | They rarely seem to be at the same price
           | 
           | > I don't remember profiteering being illegal
           | 
           | Remember all those anti-gouging laws? Warren wants to extend
           | them.
           | 
           | https://fee.org/articles/why-elizabeth-warrens-proposed-
           | anti...
        
             | enragedcacti wrote:
             | > Present a case history of this.
             | 
             | https://slate.com/technology/2013/10/amazon-book-how-jeff-
             | be...
        
       | ElfinTrousers wrote:
       | This sounds nice...but talk is cheap. Let's see what the FTC
       | actually does before we get excited.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Zigurd wrote:
       | Twitter's C-level privacy, compliance, and security management
       | resigned today (yesterday maybe?). Twitter is currently under two
       | FTC consent decrees. Probably unrelated to anticompetitive
       | practices, but interesting timing.
        
       | seanp2k2 wrote:
       | Awesome, when can I expect to see an alternative to Comcast for
       | high-speed (>=1gbps) internet in the Bay Area? The fact that all
       | of Silicon Valley cannot solve this problem after decades is
       | telling of the power of their monopoly.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ec109685 wrote:
         | AT&T Fiber is good.
        
           | MarkSweep wrote:
           | Except that they make you use AT&T's crappy router and charge
           | you a monthly fee for it.
           | 
           | I like Wave Broadband better where available.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | I live in San Francisco, and my only option for high-speed is
           | Comcast. AT&T's fiber trunk runs a block away from me, but
           | they are unwilling to run fiber to my home, and have
           | suggested it would be several tens of thousands of dollars if
           | I were to get it done myself.
        
             | anyfoo wrote:
             | I guess Sonic did not extend their network to your part of
             | SF yet?
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | ISPs are natural monopolies. That's not to say the government
         | shouldn't do anything to improve the situation, but I think
         | it's quite different from what the FTC did today.
        
           | dec0dedab0de wrote:
           | ISPS are almost a natural monopoly, until you consider that
           | many municipalities have exclusive deals with one or two of
           | them.
           | 
           | Even if someone had the startup costs, they would literally
           | not be allowed to compete because of collusion between
           | government and entrenched business.
        
           | OkayPhysicist wrote:
           | Then they should be nationalized. The market cannot be
           | trusted with quintessential market failures. Public
           | infrastructure should be just that: public.
        
         | anyfoo wrote:
         | Sonic is fantastic.
        
           | ViViDboarder wrote:
           | Wish they serviced my neighborhood.
        
           | CaptainNegative wrote:
           | Sonic is capped at 10Mb/s in many areas where last mile is
           | effectively a DSL bottleneck.
        
             | anyfoo wrote:
             | Ah, I was specifically talking about Sonic Fiber, which is
             | 1Gbps (but apparently exists in a 10Gbps variant for
             | businesses as well). Too bad it does not service all of SF
             | so far.
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | Following the links, here's the actual meat of what "unfair
       | methods of competition" means [1, pg 9]:
       | 
       | > _There are two key criteria to consider when evaluating whether
       | conduct goes beyond competition on the merits. First, the conduct
       | may be coercive, exploitative, collusive, abusive, deceptive,
       | predatory, or involve the use of economic power of a similar
       | nature. It may also be otherwise restrictive or exclusionary,
       | depending on the circumstances, as discussed below. Second, the
       | conduct must tend to negatively affect competitive conditions.
       | This may include, for example, conduct that tends to foreclose or
       | impair the opportunities of market participants, reduce
       | competition between rivals, limit choice, or otherwise harm
       | consumers._
       | 
       | > _...the second part of the principle examines whether the
       | respondent's conduct has a tendency to generate negative
       | consequences; for instance, raising prices, reducing output,
       | limiting choice, lowering quality, reducing innovation, impairing
       | other market participants, or reducing the likelihood of
       | potential or nascent competition._
       | 
       | And selecting from some given examples [taken from pg 13-15]:
       | 
       | > _loyalty rebates, tying, bundling, and exclusive dealing
       | arrangements that have the tendency to ripen into violations of
       | the antitrust laws by virtue of industry conditions and the
       | respondent's position within the industry_
       | 
       | > _de facto tying, bundling, exclusive dealing, or loyalty
       | rebates that use market power in one market to entrench that
       | power or impede competition in the same or a related market_
       | 
       | > _using market power in one market to gain a competitive
       | advantage in an adjacent market by, for example, utilizing
       | technological incompatibilities to negatively impact competition
       | in adjacent markets_
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/P221202Section5...
        
         | moonchrome wrote:
         | This is basically iPhone/iOS and AppStore/Safari.
         | 
         | There's been a lot of talk globally but I'm still waiting to
         | see who will be the first to move on Apple's rent seeking
         | tactics.
        
           | Wowfunhappy wrote:
           | It seems like it's pretty clearly going to be the EU? The
           | Digital Markets Act takes effect in 2023.
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | Again we are here with HN lawyers not being lawyers.
           | 
           | You realize that every retail store sales at prices higher
           | than wholesale.
           | 
           | Edit: wholesale instead of retail.
        
             | mftb wrote:
             | Parent comment doesn't seem to only be talking about
             | prices. He's talking about Safari being the only browser on
             | iOS. Other vendors are only allowed to reskin it.
        
               | AJ007 wrote:
               | Imagine if Microsoft had not only bundled Internet
               | Explorer with Windows but also blocked all other
               | competing browsers!
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Yes we would have the market dominated by one browser
               | engine by a BigTech company where most of the other
               | browsers are just reskins...oh wait.
               | 
               | At least there is Firefox - which also gets most of its
               | funding by the same BigTech company.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | And it is still not "rent seeking" to only allow one
               | browser. "Words Mean Things".
        
               | moonchrome wrote:
               | WebKit lock in is a way to prevent web apps from
               | disrupting appstore cash cow. Appstore is rentseeking on
               | popularity/market position of the iPhone/iOS - and
               | clearly worded above - appstore distribution monopoly is
               | anticompetitive.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | This is another meme. It was revealed in the Epic trial
               | that 80% of App Store revenue comes from games - that
               | would not be in the browser anyway.
               | 
               | If the lack of alternate browsers are the only thing
               | stopping app developers from making better PWAs, then why
               | are all the same developers making iOS apps, Android apps
               | and web apps instead of just making iOS apps and web
               | apps?
               | 
               | And where are all of the successful profitable Android
               | apps that are bypassing the Play Store?
        
               | mftb wrote:
               | It's definitely exclusionary. You could argue that it's
               | exclusionary for legitimate reasons, but it's
               | exclusionary.
        
             | calsy wrote:
             | Every retail store sales at price higher than retail? Do
             | they now... I just bought GoW Ragnorok at retail $30
             | cheaper than its listing on the PSN Store. This is the same
             | for most new release titles, retail is cheaper.
             | 
             | Besides, you can't compare the real world with digital. The
             | real world isn't a near infinite space with millions of
             | items are available in a single place for everyone in the
             | country with a connected device to view and purchase.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | And it's still selling more than its wholesale cost. Do
               | you think the retail store is selling it and not making a
               | profit?
               | 
               | Oh and guess what? Even when you buy a third party game
               | from a retail store, the console maker still got their
               | cut. Console makers have forced third party developers to
               | pay a license fee for every game sold for over 30 years.
        
               | calsy wrote:
               | So you complete changed the argument from retail to
               | wholesale. That licensing fee applies to digital and
               | physical copies so why is it relevant?
               | 
               | Retail is a physical space, rent applies to properties in
               | the real world. Rent does not apply to near infinite
               | digital spaces run by a single company.
               | 
               | It was cheaper to purchase in store than on the digital
               | store, why is that? Is it because platforms only allow a
               | single store to be available on their devices, their own.
               | Imagine if there were competing stores? Im sure that
               | 'rent' price would disappear really quick.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | _I_ didn't (mis)use the term "rent seeking" the parent
               | poster did.
               | 
               | Just like Apple gets a cut of every app sold on iOS, the
               | console makers do to. _Even when you buy a physical disc_
               | 
               | The original poster was calling it "rent seeking" when
               | Apple got 30% of sales. This is what every distributor
               | does - they mark up the price. The "wholesale" price is
               | the price the original manufacturer sells it to
               | distributors for.
        
               | calsy wrote:
               | Again you are comparing the real world with digital. Are
               | companies manufacturing software from sourced resources,
               | excluding people and labour? Is Apple physically
               | distributing software in trucks to stores across the
               | country. No, none of this applies to digital content
               | hosted on digital stores.
               | 
               | You would think digital content would be cheaper, as it
               | is not bound by real world restraints. It can be
               | duplicated easily, moved quickly and made available at
               | anytime to any person with a connect device.
               | 
               | Apple sets its own mark up of 30%, they can do this
               | through anti-competitive practice of limiting sales to
               | their store only. If companies where able to host their
               | own digital stores and sell their own digital products,
               | Apple could not afford to mark up to 30% on sales because
               | no one would buy anything at the inflated prices on their
               | store.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | justinclift wrote:
         | > tying
         | 
         | I've often wondered if the infamous Google banners about "you
         | should _really_ be using Chrome for our websites " should be
         | considered a form of this.
         | 
         | Suspecting that them only requesting it, rather than mandating
         | it (in the message) might stop it crossing the threshold. Even
         | though there (at least used to be) plenty of cases where (say)
         | Firefox would outright not work properly with Gmail, so Chrome
         | or a derivative had to be used.
        
         | ralusek wrote:
         | > utilizing technological incompatibilities to negatively
         | impact competition in adjacent markets
         | 
         | iMessage...
        
         | mind-blight wrote:
         | It seems like streaming services, especially Disney plus, would
         | be a prime target.
         | 
         | I'm still not holding my breath for them to go after the big
         | ISPs
        
         | MajimasEyepatch wrote:
         | > de facto tying, bundling, exclusive dealing, or loyalty
         | rebates that use market power in one market to entrench that
         | power or impede competition in the same or a related market
         | 
         | > using market power in one market to gain a competitive
         | advantage in an adjacent market by, for example, utilizing
         | technological incompatibilities to negatively impact
         | competition in adjacent markets
         | 
         | A few obvious targets that come to mind here are Amazon Prime
         | and, to a lesser extent, Xbox GamePass.
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | Qualcomm comes to mind too.
        
           | sharemywin wrote:
           | Anything where your search results return your own products
           | and others.
        
       | nerdponx wrote:
       | As always, it's interesting to read any dissent to what sounds
       | like "obviously a good thing":
       | https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/P221202Section5...
       | 
       | There is also an interesting bit of back-and-forth between the
       | dissent and one of the supporting statements:
       | https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Section5PolicyS...
       | 
       | I'm still inclined to think it's a good thing. I'm not educated
       | enough on this topic to agree or disagree with any of the
       | commissioners' opinions, but the FTC is clearly interested in
       | sending a signal to the public.
       | 
       | I'm moderately optimistic, although it will be interesting to see
       | what happens after the next presidential election. It's possible
       | that the commissioners are concerned about it, and are trying to
       | make some kind of mark and set precedent before they're all fired
       | and replaced if a Republican (Trump?) takes office in 2024.
        
         | danielmarkbruce wrote:
         | fwiw, I believe if you ask anyone who has interacted with any
         | of the relevant (to competition) agencies globally, any
         | law/rule which gives them more power is obviously bad. The
         | humans who work there tend to be clueless about the specifics
         | of an industry and imagine all kinds of nefarious intent
         | everywhere. They are often intelligent people, but just don't
         | understand the industry.
        
           | tablespoon wrote:
           | > The humans who work there tend to be clueless about the
           | specifics of an industry and imagine all kinds of nefarious
           | intent everywhere. They are often intelligent people, but
           | just don't understand the industry.
           | 
           | Sometimes that's a good thing. "Understand[ing] the industry"
           | often means buying into its bullshit and looking at the world
           | from its self-interested perspective.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | Fair point.
        
           | rodgerd wrote:
           | Yes, letting Boeing tell the FAA whether their planes are
           | safe has worked so well.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | I'm talking the agencies who get involved in competition
             | law. In the US that's the FTC and the DOJ, and others in
             | different jurisdictions. It's pretty different from the
             | FAA. The FAA is the aviation authority. They are presumably
             | stacked with folks who understand a lot about aviation.
        
           | Karunamon wrote:
           | I mean this with complete sincerity but perhaps given current
           | market, business, and global conditions, perhaps we should
           | assume nefarious intent anytime a company breaks a rule in a
           | way that causes them to profit? It's not like evil or shady
           | behavior is in short supply.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | The question is mostly what should the rules be, and how
             | much leeway do you give an administrative agency to decide
             | what they are and if they are being broken.
             | 
             | At least in the US, there is a very reasonable argument
             | that the administrative agencies have overstepped.
             | 
             | As an example, from the FTC:
             | 
             | "Unfair methods of competition, the policy statement
             | explains, are tactics that seek to gain an advantage while
             | avoiding competing on the merits, and that tend to reduce
             | competition in the market".
             | 
             | Who decides what "the merits" are, and who decides what the
             | "market" is? They play a lot of games with these
             | definitions. What are the merits in the smartphone
             | business? Did apple abuse their position to unfairly take
             | over the camera business? Is "cameras" even a market
             | anymore? Is a camera so clearly part of a smartphone that
             | it does indeed meet the definition of "merits"? Is Amazon
             | abusing their position in e-commerce to take out the
             | delivery business (fedex etc) by offering "free shipping" ?
             | Is AWS abusing their position in IaaS to unfairly compete
             | in the "server cpu" market? Is that even a market? Or is it
             | not because x86 chips and ARM chips are thought of as
             | different? Read the current case brought against Meta. The
             | definition of "market" is... really pretty awful. Someone
             | is just trying to make their career.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > At least in the US, there is a very reasonable argument
               | that the administrative agencies have overstepped.
               | 
               | Only if you ignore most of the text of the congressional
               | acts that have created them. If the FTC's charter
               | consisted of that one paragraph, it would be a reasonable
               | criticism. It doesn't, and it's not.
               | 
               | It's true that there's a reactionary movement in the
               | current SCOTUS that comes up with very odd
               | interpretations of these congressional acts (like
               | concluding that CO2 is not a pollutant, and thereby can't
               | be regulated as one), but just because Amy Coney
               | legislates from the bench that the sky is green doesn't
               | necessarily make it so.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | > fwiw, I believe if you ask anyone who has interacted with
           | any of the relevant (to competition) agencies globally, any
           | law/rule which gives them more power is obviously bad.
           | 
           | And if you've ever interacted with an abusive corporation,
           | you'll see that any rule, or lack of rule, which gives them
           | more power over you, their customer/employee is obviously
           | bad.
           | 
           | I, as a customer/employee/tenant would generally like my bank
           | to not run off with my money after betting it all on red, my
           | employer to not retaliate against me for reporting abuse, and
           | my landlord to not throw me out on my ass because I
           | complained about a rat infestation in his building.
           | 
           | Without any rules against unethical behavior, most
           | organizations with power over you will happily turn to it,
           | and will drive their more ethical competitors out of
           | business.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | Tis true. It's a conundrum. Do you give power to the
             | regulator which will help them stop the bad guys, but also
             | enable them to be bad guys at the cost of the good
             | companies, or not?
             | 
             | Free market folks argue that the market can figure out
             | every one of those things you mention. But most of them
             | understand it isn't a free lunch.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | It is a conundrum, and it is one of the hardest political
               | problems for humans to solve. It's half the reason we
               | _have_ politics.
               | 
               | I generally think that a case-by-case approach, with
               | clear avenues for both rulemaking and redress, with
               | democratic (direct or representative) control is a good
               | starting point for solving this conundrum.
               | 
               | I allude to the problem of finding market solutions for
               | ethics problems in the last part of my previous point.
               | Markets do not optimize for ethical behaviour. Largely
               | because of information assymetries, largely because
               | people are not perfectly rational agents, largely because
               | of the power imbalance that exists in many of them, and
               | also largely because people are poor at measuring
               | specific examples of long-tail risk.
               | 
               | Good rules also reduce market friction, because they let
               | me make reasonable assumptions, like 'This product is
               | probably not going to kill me when used as instructed,
               | because it adheres to X, Y, Z objective standards',
               | instead of having to go down an endless rabbit hole of
               | 'Buyer beware, do your own research!'
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | >> Markets do not optimize for ethical behaviour
               | 
               | This is speculation and pedantry, but: What if they do?
               | What if they already weed out 90% of it, and the
               | remaining stuff that you notice is the optimal amount
               | given the cost to weed it out (no matter how said weeding
               | is done).
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Pedantic counter-example and Exhibit A: The endless
               | litany of unraveled crypto scams that keep getting bigger
               | and better, year over year. There's one that's going bust
               | right now.
               | 
               | It's the poster child for a perfect market environment,
               | where everyone involved is simply trying to optimize
               | their returns, and there are next to no rules. It's also
               | full of hucksters, thieves, conmen, liars, and flat-out
               | frauds, to the utter detriment of any legitimate commerce
               | in the space.
        
         | themagician wrote:
         | If they were really interested in sending a signal they would
         | do something like shut down Amway. A company that is nothing
         | more than a multi-billion dollar "legal" pyramid scheme which
         | preys on the most vulnerable people in society operates with
         | impunity and has for decades now. Literally brainwashes and
         | robs MILLIONS of people on a daily basis.
         | 
         | The FTC, FCC, and SEC are toothless against billionaires. Just
         | like the IRS, they mainly focus on harassing small-time crooks
         | these days because that's the easiest thing to do. The large
         | scale fraudsters operate with absolute impunity. If anything
         | these organizations actually act as a barrier to entry for
         | people looking to get into fraud, because if you don't get big
         | enough fast enough they will come after you. But once you hit a
         | billion in revenue, you are golden.
        
           | neonnoodle wrote:
           | The DeVos family's deep ties to the GOP mean this will
           | probably never happen.
        
           | notacoward wrote:
           | > they would do something like shut down Amway
           | 
           | While I agree that Amway and other pyramid schemes (including
           | most crypto) should be shut down, it's not because they're
           | anti-competitive. They're _fraudulent_ , which is arguably
           | worse but certainly different.
        
             | sharemywin wrote:
             | It's not really fraudulent. Most of the companies com plans
             | are right there.
             | 
             | I don's see it as any more fraudulent then tech companies
             | offering products for free or significantly discounted
             | using investor cash to buy massive market share then once
             | they have a monopoly jacking up prices or loading up search
             | results with ads to the point you need to scroll down to
             | even see search results.
             | 
             | Imagine if when google was first released it was nothing
             | but ads and/or websites with more ads from its ad network
        
               | themagician wrote:
               | It is fraudulent. Fraud, racketeering, price-fixing,
               | false income claims and operation as an illegal pyramid
               | scheme. Sued many times in many countries. Banned from
               | the UK and most of the EU. Several founders were indicted
               | in Canada on criminal charges.
               | 
               | But somehow it's just not enough for the FTC to really do
               | anything other than settle and let them continue operate.
        
               | sharemywin wrote:
               | like lotteries and gambling.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Multi level marketing is closely related but distinct from a
           | pyramid scheme. The critical difference is the actual
           | generation of profits and the health of the organization
           | through time.
           | 
           | Franchise agreements can similarly look really sketchy on the
           | surface especially with a large buy-in, but it's hard to
           | argue a Mcdonald's franchise agreement is a scam due to the
           | real profits and costs involved. Which isn't to say every
           | franchise agreement is a good investment.
           | 
           | Where things break down for MLM is really the specific
           | business model and percentages involved. If say 4% of a sales
           | guy's check gets sent to the chain of people who recruited
           | him then no big deal. However, large percentages or large buy
           | can quickly become very problematic.
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | Franchise agreements should have a very narrow path to the
             | top of the chain. Maybe a state / locality, country, and
             | global entity at most and that entirely for tax zoning /
             | similar reasons.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | [deleted]
        
             | themagician wrote:
             | Amway. Amway and all the clones.
             | 
             | In the US you can run a pyramid scheme as long as you have
             | enough money and political influence to do it "legally".
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | That's not true. A pyramid scheme, legally, has no
               | product but itself. Those are illegal.
               | 
               | For example, pay me $20 to join my company and you get
               | the right to recruit people for $20!
               | 
               | Amway is essentially exactly the same except they add a
               | product to the mix to get around the law. They still
               | primarily profit from the "employees" rather than
               | customers.
               | 
               | Changing the definition of a pyramid scheme, for the
               | proposes of law enforcement, to something more akin to
               | "profits primarily off employees" is what needs to be
               | done.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | > Amway
             | 
             | Literally the last word of the sentence before the sentence
             | you quoted stated the very specific company name.
        
           | geoelectric wrote:
           | So, I know a little about this, unfortunately. My "shameful
           | past job" at one point in the 90s was working for a company
           | that basically made small-business CRM+accounting software
           | you could customize to drive any MLM scheme you could think
           | up.
           | 
           | Amway's not the best example, since they actually sell real
           | goods and because Amway's sellers' best customers have almost
           | always been the sellers themselves. In other words, many
           | sellers used it as a way to buy goods at "wholesale" and
           | never really had any intention of reselling them. At one
           | point, I think that was even part of the Amway pitch,
           | particularly at the time they were inexplicably popular for
           | their (expensive and therefore in theory a better deal
           | discounted) water treatment products.
           | 
           | I don't think there's a price advantage there compared to
           | Costco or online, though--much of what made Amway fade into
           | the background starting in the mid 90s.
           | 
           | So too Stella Dot, Mary Kay, Cutco/Vector, probably Herbalife
           | and even Transamerica, etc. They sell real stuff, whether or
           | not the pricing makes sense, and you can technically turn a
           | profit on it, whether or not the market is really there, so
           | they're not technically considered a pyramid scheme in the
           | scam/illegal sense.
           | 
           | Now, I'm not saying they're good ideas--at all--and they
           | absolutely operate on hype and pipe dream every bit as much
           | as those awful timeshare presentations. They have the same
           | exponential market saturation issue as any pyramid scheme and
           | the same diminishing returns--but they are generally not
           | considered fraudulent, just obnoxious.
           | 
           | The really awful pyramid schemes mostly just sell "new seller
           | kits" to prospective targets that teach them how to sell "new
           | seller kits" to their targets, have no real product or way to
           | make a profit, and the entire rollup is those kits and other
           | overhead fees. They're the financial equivalent of a chain
           | letter.
           | 
           | I'm pretty sure those do get action taken against them if
           | they're identified. The biggest problem there is most are
           | pretty small, take a bunch of people's money, then burn out
           | once it's all rolled to the top ranks who founded the scheme
           | and new marks aren't easy to find.
        
             | girvo wrote:
             | While I understand your point, I think society should treat
             | all of this as a distinction without a difference.
             | Herbalife et al. should not be allowed to prey on the
             | vulnerable, regardless of if they happen to sell a "real"
             | product or not. It's not a real business selling a real
             | product.
             | 
             | Other countries rightfully have seen it this way for some
             | for the companies under discussion.
        
               | geoelectric wrote:
               | I'd be fine with a new definition that made them illegal,
               | or at least put such heavy truth-in-advertising laws on
               | them that nobody in their right mind would bite given the
               | real numbers you can expect. They're absolutely
               | exploitative.
               | 
               | I probably made the mistake of speaking a little too
               | specifically for the US situation, though. Here, the
               | criteria are (modulo nuance) roughly what I said for the
               | FTC to care.
        
             | themagician wrote:
             | It's a great example. Sued many times in many regions.
             | Unable to operate in some countries where they aren't able
             | to pay off politicians and government bodies. Founders have
             | faced criminal charges in several countries and had assets
             | seized. Fraud, price-fixing, false claims, tax evasion,
             | racketeering, and the list goes on.
             | 
             | It's a great example because there is just so much about
             | it. It's not some obscure company that has never been sued
             | or never been found guilty. It's a company run by people
             | who commit fraud and get away with it because they are just
             | so wealthy.
             | 
             | It is a criminal organization. They have even pled guilty
             | to criminal charges in the past. But somehow they just get
             | to pay a fine and keep on going.
             | 
             | The whole point of my comment wasn't to focus on Amway but
             | just to point out how ineffective the FTC is. Even when the
             | activity is criminal and/or flagrant they are powerless to
             | actually do anything to stop it. At best you get some
             | modified legal jargon.
        
               | geoelectric wrote:
               | Idealistically, I don't disagree. I just meant they're
               | not a great example of something I'd expect the FTC to
               | knock down with a new stance here.
               | 
               | They don't break (current) US laws in terms of being a
               | pyramid--not going to get into their history of fraud,
               | racketeering, etc, which isn't an FTC concern.
               | 
               | Anyway, I know you're basically making a "this cause is
               | more important than that cause " argument, but of course
               | a stricter stance specifically re: being anti-competitive
               | wouldn't touch them at all. They don't lead a market in
               | anything anymore.
               | 
               | What I realistically would expect this to bring down, if
               | anything, is the walled gardens, where they exist on
               | devices that have become so central to our lives that
               | this amounts to broadly restricting what goods or
               | services you're able to consume. The wording of what they
               | released seems very specifically crafted to highlight
               | walled gardens and similar concepts, at least where
               | there's arbitrary action in the name of rent taking
               | happening as well.
               | 
               | I suspect this--along with the anti-competitive payment
               | system decision from the Epic case--is the shot across
               | the bow for Apple and Google to either loosen up on iOS
               | and Android (and very specifically, App Store and Play
               | Store) or be targeted.
               | 
               | That'd be good enough for me, for now. I don't like MLMs
               | either, and this may be a first world problem, but it's a
               | daily one I face.
        
               | themagician wrote:
               | They don't break the laws because they pay off
               | politicians to write them in their favor. A few years ago
               | they tried to make it explicit and get it written into
               | law that they would be exempt from investigation over the
               | whole "pyramid thing" permanently. They failed then, but
               | give it another few years and they will succeed.
               | 
               | The whole walled garden thing is mostly trivial nonsense.
               | At worst Apple and Google will pay a small fine and a few
               | thousand people will be able to more easily sideload some
               | stuff. Maybe. Probably not though. If it gets to this
               | these companies will simply modify the law so that it
               | doesn't apply to them.
               | 
               | Unfair competition is an American virtue these days. Fair
               | competition is seen as "being weak".
               | 
               | Even this policy statement wasn't approved 4-0. It was
               | 3-1. You've got government bodies that are so politically
               | divided that you literally can't even get FOUR people--
               | WHO RUN THE FTC--to agree that on a simply policy
               | statement that basically says, "Unfair Methods of
               | Competition bad." The dissenting commissioner wrote a 20
               | page book why she doesn't support this.
               | 
               | And you know what? I mostly agree with the dissenting
               | commissioner. Not wholly because of her views, but
               | because in practice this will be used to harass small(er)
               | business. It will have no material impact on Google,
               | Facebook, Amazon, or Apple.
        
               | geoelectric wrote:
               | Your last point is a really good one. We saw that kind of
               | captive behavior with the FCC too, particularly during
               | the last administration with that one yahoo that was
               | running it for awhile.
        
         | megaman821 wrote:
         | It sounds good as long as the White House doesn't try to use
         | the FTC as a political weapon to disadvantage their opponents.
         | Like going after Amazon for their union stance or Facebook for
         | their censorship stance.
        
           | xmonkee wrote:
           | >Like going after Amazon for their union stance
           | 
           | why the fuck not? It helps the american people vs helping a
           | company
        
             | megaman821 wrote:
             | Because that is what the National Labor Relations Board is
             | for.
        
             | umanwizard wrote:
             | Amazon is good for some consumers (people who value
             | convenient shopping and fast shipping) and bad for others
             | (people who really like independent shops). It's also good
             | for some employees (people who couldn't have found a better
             | job elsewhere) and bad for others (people who could have
             | found a better job at a business that got outcompeted by
             | Amazon).
             | 
             | Whether it's a net positive or negative force is basically
             | too complex a question to answer without resorting to an
             | overarching unfalsifiable ideology like neoliberalism or
             | socialism.
             | 
             | However, rule of law, predictability, and stability are
             | unambiguously good for everyone. Attacking businesses or
             | people on pretexts unrelated to the underlying reason a
             | politician wants to hurt them is a hallmark of corrupt
             | countries.
             | 
             | If we decide as a society to legislate stronger union
             | protections then sure, enforce them against Amazon (and
             | everyone else), but it seems bad for that to motivate
             | selectively enforcing unrelated antitrust laws.
        
               | chrischen wrote:
               | Independent shops can still exist... just not the useless
               | ones. Amazon is known for more generic commodity items,
               | but if you want premium brands you often still have to go
               | direct to manufacturer. In fact the "independent" shop
               | niche is probably why Shopify even has a market.
        
               | p1necone wrote:
               | > good for some consumers (people who value convenient
               | shopping and fast shipping) and bad for others (people
               | who really like independent shops).
               | 
               | It's bad for them too once the monopoly is strong enough
               | that Amazon can stop caring about those things.
               | 
               | Preventing monopolies isn't done because it satisifies
               | some abstract sense of justice, it's done because they
               | genuinely hurt consumers in the long term, even if the
               | monopoly became a monopoly because they were really good
               | for consumers to begin with.
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | Or Tesla for their union stance, which famously halpened more
           | than knce over the last two years?
        
           | uoaei wrote:
           | Amazon and Meta are both obviously engaging in "unfair
           | methods of competition". To blame moves from the FTC on
           | anything else seems like a pointless, truth-agnostic move.
        
             | pitaj wrote:
             | > Amazon and Meta are both obviously engaging in "unfair
             | methods of competition"
             | 
             | I don't think that's obvious at all. Give specifics.
        
               | wyldfire wrote:
               | From my casual understanding, Amazon is executing the
               | same vertical integration strategy used by Standard Oil
               | which resulted in its breakup.
        
             | megaman821 wrote:
             | The FTC is free to investigate whoever they want, but if it
             | only ends up being companies the White House opposes then
             | that doesn't seem to be furthering the goal of increasing
             | competition. There is the obvious bad behavior of cable
             | companies in uncompetitive markets or the recent
             | consolidation of movie studios or even car dealerships. I
             | will reserve judgment until the FTC announces their
             | targets.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | grumple wrote:
               | Both the previous administration and the current one have
               | expressed issues with those companies, and they couldn't
               | be more opposed to one another.
               | 
               | Most of these big companies are anticompetitive at the
               | very least. Every acquisition over the past decade has
               | been a move towards oligopoly. Add to that widespread
               | union-busting behavior, manipulation of the American
               | people by spreading political or foreign psyops, exerting
               | control over self-contained markets, etc... there's a lot
               | of behavior that's been allowed over the past few decades
               | that should have been reigned in.
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | It's much more complicated than that. For one, you're
               | conflating targeting industries vs targeting individual
               | corporations.
               | 
               | One of the core jobs of the president is deciding which
               | lawbreakers to go after. This is needed because (among
               | other reasons) the government is far too small to enforce
               | every law. In general the President is supposed to set
               | general parameters but not pick specific individuals or
               | companies. Deciding a specific sector's violations are
               | more pressing is squarely within the traditional
               | discretion of the executive branch.
        
               | juve1996 wrote:
               | So basically you're saying "if he goes after my guys I'm
               | against it even if there is evidence of wrongdoing?"
               | 
               | If not, then why not look at the merits of the case?
        
               | megaman821 wrote:
               | If police only gave speeding tickets to those with Trump
               | bumper stickers, would that not be a misapplication of
               | the law? I think most people would think that is wrong
               | even if they all happened to be speeding.
        
               | eyelidlessness wrote:
               | > If police only gave speeding tickets to those with
               | Trump bumper stickers, would that not be a misapplication
               | of the law?
               | 
               | Surely that depends where you live. Seattle (where I
               | live)? Yeah, that would be obvious discrimination. A few
               | counties further inland? Probably not statistically
               | significant.
               | 
               | I'm not sure how or if that reasoning applies to FTC
               | purview, but my intuition is that corporations of the
               | size that might warrant interest aren't likely to be
               | partisan targets in any stable or persistent way.
        
               | sharemywin wrote:
               | don't forget news and oil and food.
        
           | favorited wrote:
           | The FTC is an independent federal agency, and the President
           | doesn't have the same amount of control over it that he has
           | over federal executive departments.
           | 
           | For example, the President could fire the Secretary of Labor
           | at any time, for any purpose, because executive department
           | heads serve "at the pleasure of the President." The same is
           | not true for FTC commissioners, who are statutorily protected
           | from firing except for "inefficiency, neglect of duty, or
           | malfeasance in office." SCOTUS held in Humphrey's Executor v.
           | United States (1935) that an FTC commissioner could not be
           | removed by the President for policy reasons, because it was
           | explicitly granted non-executive powers by Congress.
           | 
           | His power to issue Executive Orders to independent agencies
           | is unclear, and often Presidents will "recommend" they do
           | things, rather than "direct" them, as he would an executive
           | department.
        
             | tablespoon wrote:
             | >> It sounds good as long as the White House doesn't try to
             | use the FTC as a political weapon to disadvantage their
             | opponents. Like going after Amazon for their union stance
             | or Facebook for their censorship stance.
             | 
             | > The FTC is an independent federal agency, and the
             | President doesn't have the same amount of control over it
             | that he has over federal executive departments.
             | 
             | Isn't that the same as the FCC? We all know what happened
             | with it and Net Neutrality during the Trump administration.
             | 
             | If it's staffed/led by the right people, it could act as a
             | _semi-autonomous_ political weapon.
        
               | madeofpalk wrote:
               | You think Trump lead the repeal of Net Neutrality?
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | We all know that a sample size of 1 can prove anything.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | It's difficult to staff with people who don't have
               | opinions, and sometimes those opinions coincide with or
               | bend towards other nexuses of power.
               | 
               | But finding an uncorruptible, unopinionated,
               | independently-minded civil servant... who also values
               | service over salary... is a pretty tough ask. ;)
        
       | nailer wrote:
       | So... they're going to do something about the app store duopoly?
        
         | ClassyJacket wrote:
         | No, but the EU is.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | Given what we saw in Netherlands with the dating apps this
           | isn't going to make a single bit of difference.
           | 
           | Yes Apple may be forced to allow alternate stores and payment
           | methods. But they will still collect their percentage (in
           | Netherlands it was standard 15% - 3% discount). What happened
           | of course is that apps ended up being far more expensive on
           | alternate stores than on Apple's one.
           | 
           | And even worse for alternate stores is that it would be quite
           | likely for technical reasons that your app could only be sold
           | from one store. Which means you would have to give up the
           | distribution of App Store for your largely insignificant one.
           | 
           | And note that this was all found to be compliant with the
           | government: https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/13/apple-dutch-
           | dating-apps-pa...
        
             | EMIRELADERO wrote:
             | The DMA is much more broader and strict than what happened
             | in the Netherlands.
             | 
             | Besides, what would you pay Apple _for_ , exactly, when not
             | using the App Store?
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | You would be paying Apple for the cost of using their
               | platform.
               | 
               | No different to how you pay a percentage of sales for
               | using most game engines.
        
               | EMIRELADERO wrote:
               | What platform? I already paid Apple for my use of iOS
               | when I bought the phone. Are you implying people should
               | pay Apple for making apps that call up iOS APIs? APIs
               | that all the people who bought the phone and own a copy
               | of iOS already paid for?
        
               | yazaddaruvala wrote:
               | As a customer you are implicitly if not explicitly buying
               | an iOS device with the understanding it can only run iOS
               | Apps.
               | 
               | Apple's APIs are proprietary, and they charge 15-30% of
               | all digital sales to to build an iOS App. This is not
               | different than Epic charging X% for use of the Unreal
               | Engine's APIs to build a game.
               | 
               | That said, I would like to see Apple forced to document
               | their hardware, and allow dual booting to other operating
               | systems on their devices. While iOS can be AppStore wall
               | garden, it should be possible for me to install Linux or
               | Android on my iDevice / MacBook.
        
               | EMIRELADERO wrote:
               | > This is not different than Epic charging X% for use of
               | the Unreal Engine's APIs to build a game.
               | 
               | It is completely different. You are distributing the
               | Unreal Engine with every game you make. You aren't
               | distributing any proprietary code with your iOS app, it
               | only calls up APIs that are already paid for by the user
               | and for which the user already has a copy.
               | 
               | A good analogy would be me making a new control panel for
               | a mechanical machine, where the panel has metal arms and
               | rods that connect to the machine's original mechanisms to
               | bring about a certain result that the machine itself
               | would be incapable of bringing on its own.
               | 
               | You wouldn't say I can't distribute that new panel I made
               | because the original machine is patented, right?
        
         | MR4D wrote:
         | I honestly think the government prefers it. Both app stores are
         | American, and fewer people to call when they need a favor done.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ridgered4 wrote:
         | I wouldn't even rate the app store duopoly in my top 10 to go
         | after to be honest. Things like the Luxottica group seem like
         | much higher priorities to me.
        
           | creddit wrote:
           | Really? Sunglasses before control over the 100s of Millions
           | of devices the vast majority of people use for hours every
           | day?
        
             | ArcticLandfall wrote:
             | > Sunglasses before control over the 100s of Millions of
             | devices
             | 
             | More importantly, medical eyeglasses that many people rely
             | on to see properly.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Communitivity wrote:
       | With two major events in the news, I am wonder which of these (if
       | either) may drivers for this.
       | 
       | Is it door #1: Elon Musk allegedly violating FTC restrictions
       | with Twitter changes?
       | 
       | Or is it door #2: Binance seemingly doing a backstab of FTX and
       | acquiring it, thereby throwing cryptoland into a panic?
       | 
       | Or is it door #3: something completely different, or a
       | combination of both?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | threeseed wrote:
         | Or more likely neither.
         | 
         | Because legislation like this takes a long time to produce
         | since you have to meet with stakeholders, have lawyers review
         | for loopholes etc.
        
         | derefr wrote:
         | Neither; things like this are planned and scheduled on slower
         | timescales than news cycles.
         | 
         | This one is likely due Biden being done his "settling into
         | office" period, and having begun (over the last 6-12 months) to
         | push regulatory agencies under the executive into more
         | democrat-oriented stances.
         | 
         | If there was any recent event that caused the FTC to (be told
         | to) "pull the trigger" on this, it was the midterm election
         | effectively "taking the temperature of the country", and
         | finding enough confidence remaining there to push through
         | things like this without being likely to set off widespread
         | discontentment in the news media.
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | > The Policy Statement lays out the Commission's approach to
         | policing them. It is the result of many months of work across
         | agency departments.
         | 
         | If it was a particular event it would've happened many months
         | ago.
        
       | mdorazio wrote:
       | Unpopular opinion: I wish this law extended to startups using VC
       | cash to offer products at artificially low prices. When done at
       | sufficient scale (ex. Uber), it massively distorts markets and is
       | very much anticompetitive, even if consumers benefit for some
       | time.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dcgudeman wrote:
         | It's unpopular because it's a bad idea. Sometimes products or
         | services aren't unit economical at small scale and need to be
         | subsidized until they are adopted en masse.
        
         | surement wrote:
         | How is it anticompetitive? Charging lower prices means making
         | less profit. If Uber somehow lost money to drive out
         | competitors (an insane strategy), then the capital of any
         | bankrupted taxi company could be bought up for cheaper than the
         | company originally paid by someone who could then continue to
         | compete with Uber.
        
           | thisisnotatest wrote:
           | Check out "Uber is a bezzle" by Cory Doctorow. His allegation
           | is this scheme:
           | 
           | 1. Early VC funds are used to subsidize Uber rides at a loss
           | to Uber.
           | 
           | 2. The deep discounts made Uber attractive to drivers and
           | customers.
           | 
           | 3. Uber's soaring popularity attracts more investment in Uber
           | stock.
           | 
           | 4. Uber's early investors cash out. Society is harmed as
           | later investors lose their money, Uber drivers who invested
           | in vehicles can no longer get work, public transit ridership
           | is hollowed out, etc.
        
           | alexb_ wrote:
           | >If Uber somehow lost money to drive out competitors (an
           | insane strategy)
           | 
           | This is quite exactly what they did.
        
       | ghostbrainalpha wrote:
       | Ticketmaster has been pissing on the FTC for 30 years.
       | 
       | I'm not crossing my fingers for much, but anything they do at
       | this point would be awesome.
        
         | canucklady wrote:
         | Yeah forcing Ticketmaster and Live Nation to unmerge, divest
         | venues and reselling platforms, and preventing exclusive
         | contracts with venues would be huge. Even in a very
         | conservative interpretation of antitrust law there has clearly
         | been an increase in prices to end consumers.
        
           | 0cVlTeIATBs wrote:
           | The conspiracy theory is the bands and venues also profit
           | more from what ticketmaster does. Ticketmaster's raison
           | d'etre is to be the punching bag.
        
             | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
             | Why use Ticketmaster, then?
             | 
             | I will sell tickets for your band/venue at whatever price
             | you want, declare x% of the price a "fee," and give most of
             | the fee back to you. I'll happily be the punching bag, but
             | it won't work. Your fans will be upset with _you_ , not me,
             | for choosing a podunk, unheard of ticket seller that
             | charges egregious fees.
             | 
             | The only reason why your band is going to choose
             | Ticketmaster over my is because Ticketmaster already
             | controls the market.
        
             | ninth_ant wrote:
             | From the perspective of "is this anti-competitive and
             | hurting consumers" it's irrelevant if Ticketmaster is the
             | Big Bad End Guy or just a stooge.
             | 
             | The important part is, anti-competitive behaviour leads to
             | higher prices and lower levels of innovation.
        
       | edwnj wrote:
       | We really need to reign in these three letter agencies. This
       | communism, they are not even pretending anymore.
       | 
       | The went from an already arbitary policy to nothing. Literally
       | they can just go to a big company they don't like and just say
       | "we thing what ur doing is unfair"
       | 
       | This is king making! its literally what they do in China.. Like
       | they are literally doing this in China right not with the
       | crackdown of big tech (Ali baba)
        
         | valeness wrote:
         | How is this the worker owned means of production (communism)?
        
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