[HN Gopher] Binance to acquire FTX
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Binance to acquire FTX
        
       Author : jmsflknr
       Score  : 727 points
       Date   : 2022-11-08 16:13 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | ramish94 wrote:
       | I'm a little ignorant to the whole crypto ecosystem, so can
       | someone give me a quick rundown on the chain of events that led
       | to this? Seems a little out of left field.
       | 
       | BTX, from the outside looking in, looked to be one of the more
       | well run, stable crypto exchanges. $1.02 billion in revenue with
       | $388M in net income in 2021. They didn't go on any crazy hiring
       | spree when they didn't have to. Liquidity crisis implies that
       | people are withdrawing cash they do not have, but if so, where
       | did it go?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | FTX bet customer funds through the CEO's hedge fund on an FTX
         | token [1]. The token price fell when this was revealed [2].
         | 
         | The hedge fund, and thus FTX, had less money than they owed
         | lenders and customers. FTX found a bail-out in Binance;
         | otherwise everyone would have lost their money.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/02/divisions-in-
         | sa...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2022/11/08/ftt-plummets-
         | as-...
        
           | gitfan86 wrote:
           | It isn't officially a bailout. They just said they intend to
           | acquire FTX. But, once they look at the books they may
           | backout out the deal, especially if most customers want to
           | take their money out. What is the point of buying an exchange
           | that has no customers?
        
             | rhaway84773 wrote:
             | The point is the same reason why FTX bought all the smaller
             | crypto firms that were about to collapse.
             | 
             | Preventing exposing the entire crypto currency ecosystem as
             | fraud.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _isn 't officially a bailout. They just said they intend
             | to acquire FTX_
             | 
             | That's a bailout.
             | 
             | > _once they look at the books they may backout_
             | 
             | It's not a done deal. But the proposal is a bailout,
             | through and through.
        
         | anonu wrote:
         | I can't help you but all I can say is empires rise and fall
         | faster than a house of cards in this space.
        
         | colinmhayes wrote:
         | FTX's ceo also runs a prop trading firm which is the real
         | source of his wealth. FTX loaned the trading firm billions of
         | its own token FTT. FTX also gave binance billions of dollars of
         | FTT because binance invested in them. Over the weekend FTX's
         | ceo and Binance's ceo got in a fight on twitter and binance
         | sold all of their FTT which collapsed the price. FTX's assets
         | are tied up in the loans to their trading firm which are
         | denominated in the now essentially worthless FTT and so they
         | can't convert the FTT to cash which means can't process
         | withdrawals.
        
           | shawabawa3 wrote:
           | > so they can't convert the FTT to cash which means can't
           | process withdrawals.
           | 
           | That implies they embezzled customer funds (customer deposits
           | should never be invested or loaned or intermingled with
           | company funds)
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/07/heres-the-rundown-on-the-b...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | max_ wrote:
       | Its funny how a few days back some people on HN were saying FTX
       | is unlikely to be illiquid because SBF is a genius from
       | JaneStreet.
        
         | asdajksah2123 wrote:
         | And people who knew what they were actually talking about were
         | pointing out that it's unlikely anyone would have voluntarily
         | left Jane Street as early as he did. But they were largely
         | ignored.
        
           | eddsh1994 wrote:
           | Leaving Jane Street to become a Billionaire seems like a
           | weird criticism
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | Bootvis wrote:
           | It seems likely that the Kimchi arbitrage (arbitraging
           | between exchanges in Korea an the rest of the world) was
           | indeed massively profitable. He took a wrong turn later.
        
             | nullc wrote:
             | When I saw that he was using that as the claimed origin of
             | his wealth I wrote him off as an almost certain fraud.
        
               | Bootvis wrote:
               | Why? He must have had some money of his own and some rich
               | friends to set it up. So he had the means. Also, the
               | difference was there and it was persistent so he had the
               | opportunity as well.
        
               | nullc wrote:
               | There was _very_ little volume available on those pricing
               | discrepancies, making thousands per day without erasing
               | the arb would have been a challenge but perhaps not
               | impossible. The public is expected to believe he made
               | over $10 million dollars per day on average on that
               | trade. It 's not credible.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Maybe he likes Haskell better than OCaml.
        
           | type-r wrote:
           | I read he was there for over 4 years, is that abnormally
           | short? Seems like a pretty normal period of time to me.
        
             | whymauri wrote:
             | Seems like a weird critique to me. Some people join out of
             | college and realize that, for a variety of reasons, that
             | sector isn't for them (yes, even at Jane Street). Maybe
             | they get overly enamored by an internship; maybe they don't
             | want to live in NYC. My impression is they are pretty 'open
             | door' about rehiring if you leave on good terms or decline
             | an offer anyway.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | He sacrificed FTX but kept his real baby Alameda.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | acgt23 wrote:
           | Alameda won't be worth nearly as much without FTX - it was so
           | successful because FTX fed it as much market data as it
           | wanted and gave it priority market making etc. Also seemed to
           | be sending it its own printed FTT tokens to secure loans for
           | trading which was the cause of the insolvency rumors.
           | 
           | Neither of those things benefit the owner of FTX unless they
           | are also the owner of Alameda
        
           | ww520 wrote:
           | Not sure how safe Alameda is. $6 billion out of $14 billion
           | of Alameda assets is FTT based. With FTT tanking, its asset
           | balance shrunk greatly. It might well has its own liquidity
           | problem.
           | 
           | Also with Biannce buying FTX, it can call back the loaned FTT
           | from Alameda.
        
       | perlgeek wrote:
       | Wasn't there a post hitting the HN front page just yesterday or
       | two days ago about how FTX was close to being illiquid, and most
       | of the top comments were about how wrong that analysis was?
       | 
       | Or was that another crypto trader?
       | 
       | If anybody could help my sieve-like brain, that would be very
       | appreciated :-)
        
         | teuobk wrote:
         | Yup, here's the HN thread:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33464494
        
         | jaywalk wrote:
         | Yep, it was FTX.
        
         | jo6gwb wrote:
         | https://dirtybubblemedia.substack.com/p/is-alameda-research-...
        
         | chasebank wrote:
         | Wow, usually the HN thread hindsight comes years after. That is
         | quite a fascinating read.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | Yes, concerns about Alameda's insolvency infected FTX. In
         | retrospect these "concerns" may have been disinfo designed to
         | destroy FTX.
        
           | perlgeek wrote:
           | ... or might have been a good prediction. An exchange
           | shouldn't rely on public opinion for solvency.
        
       | orsenthil wrote:
       | So how was FTX sponsoring all those Warriors Basket Ball games
       | and players ?
        
       | throwaway4good wrote:
       | So wouldn't this trigger and potentially be blocked by CFIUS?
       | Given Binance's Chinese roots and the general anti-China
       | sentiment in US politics.
       | 
       | Here is an article about the twitter acquisition also with
       | Binance/CZ onboard - this would similar or worse, no?:
       | 
       | https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-national-security-gro...
       | 
       | The national security grounds for investigating Musk's Twitter
       | acquisition
        
         | ajaimk wrote:
         | "Note that http://FTX.us and http://Binance.us - two separate
         | companies-are not currently impacted by this."
        
         | redox99 wrote:
         | Isn't ftx.com[1] from the bahamas, and binance from the cayman
         | islands?
         | 
         | [1] Not ftx.us, which is not getting bought
        
         | throwaway4good wrote:
         | This is article says it is only the non-US part of FTX that is
         | in play:
         | 
         | https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/08/binance-offers-to-buy-ftxs-n...
         | 
         | Binance offers to buy FTX's non-U.S. operations to fix
         | 'liquidity crunch'
         | 
         | The acquisition impacts only the non-US businesses, FTX.com.
         | FTX.us will remain independent of Binance. The deal, according
         | to Tweets from both Zhao and Bankman-Fried, rests on a non-
         | binding letter of intent, pending full due diligence.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _it is only the non-US part of FTX that is in play_
           | 
           | The U.S. subsidiary had to follow rules that made FTX's
           | shenanigans more difficult.
        
         | drak0n1c wrote:
         | CZ has shut down the China branch, and was essentially banned
         | since their crypto crackdown. He has been publicly critical of
         | the CCP government too. The gov may not have much leverage over
         | him.
        
           | eunos wrote:
           | Some ASPI analysts believed that one of the feature of MSS is
           | their ability to co-opt Liberals to work for them. I'm not
           | surprised if NSC would suspect anybody that intersected with
           | Chinese govt. Dissidents included.
        
       | thepasswordis wrote:
       | I am _extremely_ bullish on crypto, and have been for the last
       | decade.
       | 
       | That said: the sooner we can get rid of these weird centralized
       | exchanges and weird messiah figures the better.
       | 
       | The next thing I thing will explode is Cardano, which appears to
       | function approximately like a cult, with no actual product (as
       | far as I can tell).
       | 
       | Ethereum, LINK, and Bitcoin. Everything else is a distraction.
        
         | Frisiavones wrote:
         | Monero, the only actual cryptocurrency, is all that matters.
         | BTC will go down, as well as ETH, and all their copies.
        
         | rapsey wrote:
         | Crypto would be perfect. If only humans were robots.
        
           | boc wrote:
           | Not really, quite the opposite in fact. If humans were robots
           | they'd trust each other completely, meaning all financial
           | transactions could be done instantly with a simple database.
           | 
           | Humans are messy, so the solution we've arrived at is a
           | database _enforced by_ a complicated legal system + state
           | power /violence (and arguably private power/violence via the
           | mob). This works pretty well and powers trillions of dollars
           | around the world.
           | 
           | Crypto is a fundamental misunderstanding of what makes modern
           | finance hard. It's not about trust, it's about enforcement. I
           | don't need to trust my bank, but I need to trust that
           | somebody will make things right if my bank takes my money.
           | That allows me to trust my bank with my life savings, even
           | though I've never met my banker or even know a single
           | employee at the bank.
           | 
           | Crypto is missing this point and it's why, despite following
           | it since the beginning, I've never thought it has a future.
           | It's fundamentally solving the wrong problem.
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | Nice explanation. There was never much focus on the
             | enforcement aspect.
             | 
             | Though that raises the interesting question, why were so
             | many folks, some of them quite credible, boosting
             | cryptocurrencies the idea regardless?
        
             | short_sells_poo wrote:
             | That's a very eloquent way of putting it, thank you. It's
             | possibly even worse than just a misunderstanding though.
             | I'm sure there are people in the Crypto industry who see
             | core issue of enforcement, because the second wave (after
             | Bitcoin first became mainstream) was all about smart
             | contracts. E.g. there was an effort to move the subject of
             | enforcement into the framework. After all, if the contracts
             | that need enforcement are part of the crypto system, then
             | enforcement can also happen in the same system. Right?
             | 
             | Of course, this still falls short because no amount of
             | mathematics will bridge that gap. At some point, the
             | financial system (whether classical or based on
             | blockchains) has to interact with the mind boggling mess of
             | the real world. In the real world, 2+2 is not certain or
             | deterministic at all. It can be debated, social
             | implications weighed and the judge might say it's 4 and a
             | bit, or slightly more than a pie.
             | 
             | In some sense it feels like crypto would work perfectly in
             | a world that is completely deterministic, measurable and is
             | populated wholly by algorithms interacting with each other.
             | The second order question then is: would such a world even
             | need crypto?
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | The time to have been bullish was a decade ago. Now it looks
         | like the bubble finally burst. No bottom in sight. No adoption
         | either. The government has made crypto obsolete or unusable.
         | Everything is traced and tracked.
        
           | tomjakubowski wrote:
           | I'm cryptoignorant (but trend skeptical). re: traceability,
           | how about Monero?
        
           | colinsane wrote:
           | > The government has made crypto obsolete or unusable.
           | 
           | i don't think you can really say this until the DNMs
           | meaningfully shrink in size.
           | 
           | US govt has had like one major success that i know of in
           | shutting down DNMs -- Silk Road -- since then there's always
           | been a dozen or so in operation that serve most/all the big
           | countries whose govt you would expect to track crypto.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | GoldenMonkey wrote:
       | Predicting this 4D chess move by CZ... ends very badly for CZ...
       | 
       | As CZ becomes massive target for the SEC.
       | 
       | And is sued into oblivion for insider trading, laundering or
       | whatever they can make stick.
       | 
       | By whatever jurisdiction CZ/Binance has any ties to... and the
       | US/SEC/Fed can strong-arm.
        
       | pjc50 wrote:
       | > whatever smidge of trust
       | 
       | Turns out the "trustless" in crypto means "you can't trust
       | anyone".
        
         | nimchimpsky wrote:
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Let's avoid generic flamewar tangents please, regardless of
         | which side one's on.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
         | 
         | We detached this subthread from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33522825.
        
         | k2enemy wrote:
         | Also turns out that "decentralized" in practice means
         | "centralized"
        
           | Jommi wrote:
           | in which part of this discussion has anyone talked about
           | something decentralized? This is about two centralized
           | exchanges that hold custody of users cryptoassets
        
             | m00dy wrote:
             | Future is decentralized. Even CZ knows this :)
        
           | ahzhou wrote:
           | Centralization is more efficient than consensus building.
        
             | acjohnson55 wrote:
             | This is true. Don't know why people are down voting you.
             | But it calls into question why we need centralized
             | exchanges of decentralized assets. The answer, of course,
             | is financial speculation and sophisticated shell games that
             | make some folks billionaires at the cost of the marks who
             | get suckered into believing they're getting in the ground
             | floor of the next big thing.
        
             | pshc wrote:
             | Only if the central entity can be trusted not to become a
             | corrupt rent seeker.
             | 
             |  _(Looks meaningfully at TicketMaster)_
        
               | ahzhou wrote:
               | I agree with this as well. Efficiency is orthogonal to
               | desirable outcomes.
               | 
               | My point is that things tend towards centralization
               | because the market rewards efficiency.
        
           | joyfylbanana wrote:
           | Nobody forces you to use Binance or FTX. I have been using
           | Bitcoin for 10 years and I've always stored more 90% of my
           | BTC in my own self-custody wallet, only used exchanges
           | briefly.
        
             | xmonkee wrote:
             | What have you been "using" Bitcoin for, may I ask?
        
               | commonlife wrote:
               | Buying MDMA safely. This isn't a joke. Drug prohibition
               | causes harm, crypto provides a much safer way to obtain
               | psychedelics. If all your purchases are safe for the
               | state to be aware of, good for you.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | It seems insane to me people would buy/sell drugs in a
               | prohibition nation on a public ledger.
        
               | Phlarp wrote:
               | For whatever it's worth, the federal authorities have
               | very little budget/mandate to prosecute darknet drug
               | distribution offenses. They go after the darknet markets
               | themselves, money laundering / sanctions avoidance and
               | maybe firearms.
               | 
               | Meanwhile the local authorities don't know what most of
               | those words mean.
        
               | commonlife wrote:
               | Monero
        
               | joemazerino wrote:
               | You may not ;)
        
               | joyfylbanana wrote:
               | - Long term "Savings account" - a volatile one, of course
               | - I buy stuff from online with it, household items (In
               | country I live you can basically buy anything with BTC) -
               | Travel, I book hotels/flight with it and once I rented a
               | boat for a family trip
               | 
               | In addition to that I now and then try to pay with
               | Bitcoins at other stores. Last time got excited about
               | boltcards (https://github.com/boltcard/boltcard) there
               | are few places in my country which accept it, but it is
               | quite a new thing.
        
               | nicbou wrote:
               | What country is that, if you don't mind sharing? It's the
               | first time I hear this
        
               | wruza wrote:
               | I suspect one whose own banking system is on par with BTC
               | risk-wise. (Apologies to gp if that was clueless, it just
               | comes to mind first.)
        
           | joemazerino wrote:
           | Dexes like uniswap have been doing just fine
        
             | m00dy wrote:
             | So few people understand this. But, don't worry. Great
             | inventions need some time to be realized.
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | Can you name off the top of your head 5 great inventions
               | that weren't immediately realized?
        
               | MacsHeadroom wrote:
               | Notably, the internet was widely thought to be a fad for
               | the first ~20 years.
        
               | hotpotamus wrote:
               | I suppose it depends on how you're defining the first
               | year of the internet, but I don't remember many people
               | thinking it was a fad. I'd say it's the one invention in
               | my life that has actually lived up to the hype.
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | Notably, according to crypto evangelists. No one thought
               | the internet was a fad. It had a time when it was novel
               | and therefore people who didn't know how to use it would
               | make fun of it, but absolutely no one who used it thought
               | it was a 'fad'. As soon as the first web browser became
               | accessible to consumers the dot com era exploded. There
               | is a difference between 'didn't hit mass adoption due to
               | massive infrastructure needing to be built in real time'
               | and 'we don't know what this is useful for'.
        
               | MacsHeadroom wrote:
               | > No one thought the internet was a fad.
               | 
               | Wrong.
               | 
               | [0] 1995 Wired Magazine "Most things that succeed don't
               | require retraining 250 million people."
               | 
               | [1] 1995 NewsWeek "The Internet is a fad"
               | https://www.peterlundell.com/the-internet-is-a-fad/
               | 
               | [2] 2000 Daily Mail "Internet may be just a passing fad
               | as millions give up on it." https://regia-
               | marinho.medium.com/internet-may-be-just-a-pass...
               | 
               | etc. etc.
               | 
               | Anyone who was a nerd in the 80s and early 90s knows that
               | we spent the better part of two decades being told that
               | the internet was no more revolutionary than fax machines
               | and that most people would never use it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | Some op-ed pieces and getting mocked by people for being
               | a nerd do not demonstrate to me a fundamental
               | disagreement about the usefulness of the internet amongst
               | people who understood what it was. Ignorance is annoying,
               | but it is easily remedied by exposure and knowledge.
               | 
               | Contrast this with a cryptocurrency technologies, which
               | are completely understood at this point and still lack
               | legit real-world use at scale beyond speculation and yet
               | it is constantly claimed that 'it just takes time for
               | brilliant technology to find a use case'.
               | 
               | As far as I can recall, this has never been the case in
               | the modern world -- every paradigm changing technology
               | has had an immediate and obvious application where it
               | greatly surpassed anything before it, regardless of if it
               | took years or decades to build infrastructure and educate
               | people on how to use it.
        
               | boomerango wrote:
               | I'm not saying whatever that is is a great invention but
               | 
               | Alternating current... Computers... Smartphones... The
               | internet...
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | I think you are mistaking 'waiting for
               | technology/infrastructure to mature enough to make them
               | accessible to everyone' with 'technology that people
               | don't know how to do something useful with'.
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | Does anyone both use these and correctly report their
             | taxes? The accounting seems like a pain.
        
               | bhawks wrote:
               | Cointracker and Koinly both support tax reporting on
               | swaps and liquidity providing on uniswap and many other
               | dexes.
        
               | joemazerino wrote:
               | Oh absolutely. I would never not let the government take
               | a slice of my hard earned money.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | You mean "let the government prevent inflation".
               | 
               | (If everyone pays income taxes, noone's relative
               | purchasing power is reduced by paying them, because you
               | have the same % of the money supply. More or less.)
        
             | themihai wrote:
             | Except they are unusuable most of the time due the hogh
             | transaction fees.
        
               | hulahoof wrote:
               | This is true for Eth, but there are many chains where
               | DeFi exchange transaction fees are a rounding error
        
         | anonporridge wrote:
         | ...yeah. That's literally the most popular slogan from the
         | start.
         | 
         | "Don't trust. Verify."
        
       | m00dy wrote:
        
       | reducesuffering wrote:
       | SBF tweets for more clarification:
       | https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX/status/1590012124864348160
       | 
       | Apparently this is for the international exchange business,
       | FTX.com, but not FTX.us or Alameda quant trading firm.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | gringoDan wrote:
       | Some level-headed commentary on the developing situation via Cas
       | Piancey and Bennett Tomlin:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2UFswUMQqI
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | And total market meltdown continues. Not good enough.
        
       | adam_arthur wrote:
       | The ultimate shell game...
        
       | thedangler wrote:
       | I don't know if this is posed yet but FTX.com is different than
       | FTX.us which GameStop Partnered with. I've seen lots of confusion
       | and FUD arround this.
        
       | zaps wrote:
       | The umps get new jackets!
        
       | UGIForAll wrote:
       | I'm sorry for your loss.
        
         | alexb_ wrote:
         | This comment was generated by AI. Does HN allow for AI comments
         | on submissions?
        
           | yorwba wrote:
           | The guidelines don't specifically call out that case, and I
           | don't think they need to. If someone can automate the process
           | of generating good HN comments I don't see a problem.
           | https://xkcd.com/810/
           | 
           | But clearly this particular attempt isn't doing so well.
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&qu
             | e...
        
       | bob234 wrote:
       | I'm sorry for your loss.
        
         | dougmwne wrote:
         | One low effort comment for AI, one giant leap for AI?
        
       | blueblisters wrote:
       | This is probably going to have ripple effects in unrelated
       | industries - FTX Foundation, presumably funded by
       | FTX/Alameda/SBF's personal wealth, has been been the biggest
       | funder of AGI projects and labs this year. They were the biggest
       | funder (in a $500M fundraise) for Anthropic, which is (atm) a
       | non-profit AI alignment lab. They also funded a bunch of esoteric
       | EA projects which likely rely on them for continued funding -
       | https://ftxfuturefund.org/our-grants/
        
         | oldgradstudent wrote:
         | > AGI projects
         | 
         | > AI alignment lab
         | 
         | > EA projects
         | 
         | So what you're saying is that nothing of value was lost?
        
       | dabeeeenster wrote:
       | It's a pyramid all the way down. So surely when there's only 1
       | exchange left standing, who is going to catch it when it falls?
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | Don't catch a falling knife.
        
         | kevmo314 wrote:
         | Build new exchanges faster than they fall. It's the only way to
         | keep the ponzi going.
        
           | Analemma_ wrote:
           | Easy to do in a world of 0% interest rates, not so much now.
           | I think the entire crypto ecosystem is about to crash and
           | burn hard as the Fed just keeps the rate hikes coming.
        
             | three_seagrass wrote:
             | Yeah the music stops when the naive outsiders stop having
             | the extra cash into the system.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | Pretty sure the last remaining counterparty will be the
         | mysterious and shadowy # # # #, # # of Elbonia.
        
         | boppo1 wrote:
         | Gemini is doing fine last I checked.
        
       | ushakov wrote:
       | How much?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | b0sk wrote:
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | whatifs wrote:
       | smells like a crypto pump and dump to me, we shall see
        
         | Sysctl232 wrote:
         | More like a dump and pump
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | Might be the first hostile takeover via crypto...
        
       | polygamous_bat wrote:
       | On an unrelated note, I really hope to never see this clown's
       | (SBF) face or name in any of the Effective Altruism
       | docs/post/communications. Really irks me to see some new age
       | robber baron to be the face of twenty-first century altruism,
       | notwithstanding my other issues with EA.
        
         | sasattack wrote:
         | it's perfect since it's a total sham to distract from the
         | wedding wealth gap
        
       | mjr00 wrote:
       | So after SBF came out yesterday and said FTX was totally fine..
       | it turns out they _were_ insolvent and needed to get bailed out
       | to cover withdrawals?
       | 
       | Never a dull moment in the world of crypto.
        
         | pranshum wrote:
         | "Every banker knows that if he has to prove he is worthy of
         | credit, in fact his credit is gone." - Bagehot
        
           | oldgradstudent wrote:
           | They claim to be an exchange, not a bank, not investing user
           | assets.
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX/status/1589598285798707202
           | 
           | The Bagehot quote is not SUPPOSED to apply.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | > They claim to be an exchange, not a bank
             | 
             | They're liars. They are literally banks with all of the
             | drawbacks and none of the benefits. They do fractional
             | reserve banking with user deposits.
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | I'm not sure why you are ruling out a Ponzi scheme so
               | quickly.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | I don't think a Ponzi scheme adequately explains the
               | problems with centralized cryptocurrency exchanges.
               | They're just banks. There are plenty of scammers in this
               | space, I just don't think Binance is one of them.
               | 
               | The problem is they leverage user deposits as gambling
               | money. These corporations can't bear to watch a pile of
               | money sitting around doing nothing while in their
               | custody. They just need to loan it out.
        
             | colinmhayes wrote:
             | Did anyone actually believe they weren't loaning out user
             | funds? How were they funding their massive leverage
             | programs? How were they loaning all that money to SBF's
             | trading firm?
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Crypto? This is nothing but a good old bank run.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _nothing but a good old bank run_
           | 
           | Exchanges aren't subject to bank runs. If an exchange (or
           | even broker) cries run, they were taking novel risks.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | They aren't brokerages, they're banks pretending to be
             | exchanges. They do fractional reserve banking with user
             | deposits.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Fractional reserve in the context of banking is
               | completely different because the FDIC backstops runs and
               | the Fed backstops the FDIC.
               | 
               | Nobody backstops FTX or any other crypto exchange so its
               | better described here as 'the yolo lifestyle'.
               | 
               | A modern day bank run in traditional finance is
               | functionally impossible* (up to the FDIC insurance
               | limits, and often higher in practice - there were no
               | imposed limits at WaMu for instance).
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | > modern day bank run in traditional finance is
               | functionally impossible
               | 
               | Not at all. Bank runs still happen, the backstops just
               | soften the blow with liquidity injections. Every time you
               | see a withdrawal limit, there is no doubt a bank run is
               | occurring.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _you see a withdrawal limit, there is no doubt a bank
               | run is occurring_
               | 
               | This is not accurate. Withdrawal limits are there to
               | control fraud.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | Signs on the ATMs of a failing bank explaining that you
               | can only withdraw $500 a day weren't put there due to
               | concerns about fraud.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | A failing bank in the US will be taken over by another
               | healthy bank over the weekend (or overnight) with help
               | from the FDIC. You're not really at risk, at least if
               | you're the kind of person who can take their whole
               | account out in cash. The reason they'd put those signs up
               | is that the government doesn't feel like loosening fraud
               | regulations just because there's a bank run on.
        
               | guepe wrote:
               | Matt Leving from Money Stuff discussed it today (!). If
               | exchanges provide leverage products to customers, they
               | become banks (providing leverage, through funding
               | typically by other customer's deposit). So bank runs are
               | possible.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Ah will take a listen! Thanks!
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _exchanges provide leverage products to customers_
               | 
               | Levine spoke about brokerages. When brokerages extend
               | credit, they can be subject to run dynamics. Not
               | exchanges.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | What happens if an exchange extends credit?
               | 
               | There's a reason the perp exchanges have a fund, it's the
               | capital that protects them from losing money on
               | overleveraged customers. Or rather it's the rainy day
               | fund that they lose out of when the delev happens.
               | 
               | Not sure this is related though, mechanics of today are
               | not clear to me from what I've been able to find.
        
               | MrMan wrote:
               | crypto "exchanges" are almost all structurally identical
               | to brokerages
        
         | epa wrote:
         | It seems that Citadel may have short squeezed FTX's token and
         | created this.
        
           | snapcaster wrote:
           | Please don't tell me you own GME stock and blame Ken Griffin
           | for everything bad that has ever happened. Can't you people
           | just stay in your subreddits?
        
             | epa wrote:
             | Hello, your comment does not follow guidline "Comments
             | should get more thoughtful and substantive, not less, as a
             | topic gets more divisive." per
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html. Please be
             | more constructive.
        
               | snapcaster wrote:
               | I understand that. I think you are likely missing some
               | context and what is motivating comments like the one I
               | responded to. Long story short a cult developed around
               | gamestock bag holders that didn't manage to sell the top
               | and now they're shitting up every discussion on the
               | internet related to finance or investing. It's starting
               | to really annoy me now that it's escaped reddit
        
           | cheeze wrote:
           | Proof?
        
           | isthisthingon99 wrote:
           | you're getting downvoted by people who didn't get the joke.
        
         | Yizahi wrote:
        
       | majani wrote:
       | I'm glad a big government supporter such as SBF is out of crypto
       | leadership. Crypto is an anarchist experiment and it should
       | remain that way
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | Rest assured that the regulations are coming because the crypto
         | simply did a speed-run of unregulated securities market and
         | repeated every fraud or scam that the traditional markets went
         | through over the history.
         | 
         | In the process, huge fortunes were created and libertarians
         | were empowered(but not enough to be the main political power).
         | Congrats to them but there's nothing anarchist left in crypto,
         | they even end up consolidated and centralised. No interesting
         | business models or financing came out of it except for
         | ransomware.
         | 
         | The silver linings might be that the crypto regulations can be
         | made with the current technology and globalisation in mind,
         | hopefully.
        
           | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
           | Exactly, it's bizarre to read about the wildcat banking era
           | in the US and why the Fed was created while simultaneously
           | looking around at the rate of mainstream crypto scams and
           | institutional failures nowadays.
           | 
           | The Fed sure isn't without its issues, but it was created to
           | solve the exact problems that we're now seeing proliferate
           | via the crypto space.
        
             | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
             | I don't think this is correct.
             | 
             | The FED was created in 1913 for a very specific reason - to
             | counter the Panic of 1907 by creating a banker of last
             | resort.
             | 
             | It did nothing to curb the banker speculation that led to
             | the panic of 1907
             | 
             | Witness LTCM, Web bubble, Subprime crisis, all fueled by
             | banks willing to lend and overextend themselves beyond
             | margin. The 1913 ACT did not change that one bit except
             | make the speculators never "lose"
             | 
             | The FED did nothing to resolve speculation, if anything,
             | bubbles are worse and now they are worldwide thanks to them
             | and their low rates.
        
               | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
               | > Witness LTCM, Web bubble, Subprime crisis, all fueled
               | by banks willing to lend and overextend themselves beyond
               | margin.
               | 
               | This was addressed under Glass Steagall by creating the
               | FDIC and ushering in the fractional banking system, which
               | kept commercial and investment banking separate and
               | imposing liquidity requirements and a review system on
               | banks. This legislation was later repealed during the
               | Clinton administration and was largely seen as one of the
               | key mistakes that led to the 2008 crisis.
               | 
               | That doesn't mean that the Fed is failure now and should
               | be completely done away with. The runs we're seeing on
               | crypto exchanges are very similar to what the Fed was
               | created to avoid.
        
               | eunos wrote:
               | > This legislation was later repealed during the Clinton
               | administration
               | 
               | Repealed by congress which was controlled by GOP at that
               | time.
        
               | MrMan wrote:
               | in my town in the 19th and early 20th centuries there
               | were numerous bak runs where local people were wiped out.
               | we collectively decided to take steps to make that much
               | much less likely to happen
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | > _the crypto simply did a speed-run of unregulated
           | securities market and repeated every fraud or scam that the
           | traditional markets went through over the history._
           | 
           | I think the whole endeavor may end up _strengthening_ the
           | traditional economy - crypto space repeating centuries of
           | fraud in a decade is effectively a booster shot - suddenly it
           | 's obvious _why_ all those laws ended up in the books in the
           | first place.
           | 
           | > _and libertarians were empowered(but not enough to be the
           | main political power)_
           | 
           | In a sense, they've discovered a novel way of attempting to
           | gain power - I don't think many people expected someone could
           | wish a parallel economy into being and leverage that to for
           | political gain.
        
           | caeril wrote:
           | Regulations are coming? On a fully public ledger?
           | 
           | You understand that BTC, ETH, and every derivative non-
           | privacy-coin is exactly what the regulators have been
           | salivating for, right? Why regulate a non-repudiable chain-
           | of-custody that mathematically proves your serfs'/slaves'
           | assets that you can seize at will?
           | 
           | > libertarians were empowered(but not enough to be the main
           | political power).
           | 
           | You should re-examine the GOP, particularly the tickets on
           | today's ballots. This ain't your grandfather's GOP.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | It's always amusing to see crypto people claiming that
             | mathematics can't be regulated. Just like they can't
             | regulate chemistry, right?
             | 
             | Well, actually it's always the peoples behavior that is
             | regulated. Obviously no one can stop you mixing chemicals
             | in private but they can totally tell you what you can and
             | can't do in public with it. The same thing goes for crypto,
             | you can calculate block hash all you want but they can
             | intervene if you engage in a business deal with someone
             | else.
             | 
             | Oh and regulation doesn't mean ban, necessarily. It means
             | rules on how you deal with it so that the risk of unwanted
             | consequences is reduced. You can expect to have rules on
             | how you keep the money if you run a stablecoin for example.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | Didn't the US regulate use of a Bitcoin mixer this year?
               | There are more reporting requirements for US citizens and
               | entities.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | Regulations aren't exclusive to the US.
             | 
             | Many parts of the world e.g. Australia are heavily
             | regulated in the financial sector and will not be looking
             | to water them down just because its 'crypto'.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | > Crypto is an anarchist experiment and it should remain that
         | way
         | 
         | What exactly _makes_ it remain that way?
         | 
         | I don't say this as a cheap "gotcha": what's the governance
         | structure that _makes_ it an anarchist experiment,
         | specifically, and not just a free-for-all?
        
           | logicx24 wrote:
           | Nothing. And that is the problem with anarchism. For some,
           | the lack of a centralized power structure is the goal. For
           | others, it's an opportunity.
        
         | secretsatan wrote:
         | Ha! One massive feudal lord just crushed another and all the
         | serfs lost their money. This isn't anarchy, it's a monopoly
        
           | World177 wrote:
           | I wouldn't be so sure. The monopolist had a $100,000,000
           | theft last month, [1] after a $1 billion dollar loss from
           | LUNA in the summer. [2]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/07/business/binance-
           | hack.htm...
           | 
           | [2] https://decrypt.co/100530/binance-ceo-says-exchange-
           | never-so...
        
             | secretsatan wrote:
             | But still, they've consolidated themselves in the monopoly
             | money system, so the monopoly money they lost doesn't
             | matter if they control the board
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | > a big government supporter such as SBF
         | 
         | A supporter or another crook LARPing as pro-regulation because
         | it makes some people ignore red-flags?
         | 
         | Constantly braying about the "the law" is part of the the main
         | act of the highest profile scammer claiming to have created
         | Bitcoin.
         | 
         | Fact is that saying a lot of vague "pro regulation" things
         | doesn't likely subject you to any additional regulatory
         | scrutiny, it's a free move even when you are waste deep in the
         | cookie jar. But some people are going to notice it and consider
         | it evidence that you're all above board.
        
           | Eduard wrote:
           | > Constantly braying about the "the law" is part of the the
           | main act of the highest profile scammer claiming to have
           | created Bitcoin.
           | 
           | Whom are you alluding to?
        
             | nullc wrote:
             | Craig Wright. It's refreshing to encounter someone who
             | hasn't seen that scammers circus.
             | 
             | In the latest season we find Wright trying to steal
             | literally billions of dollars worth of Bitcoin while
             | constantly yelling that everyone who doesn't support him is
             | a criminal. If he weren't financially ruining people with
             | vexatious litigation it would all be pretty funny.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | That experiment already failed to be honest.
         | 
         | Cryptocurrencies were prophesized to get rid of banks. Instead
         | exchanges reinvented banks with all the drawbacks and none of
         | the benefits.
         | 
         | Cryptocurrencies were supposed to be in wide circulation just
         | like USD, eliminating the need for fiat on/off ramps. Instead
         | we got these centralized corporations and endless KYC/AML
         | surveillance with none of the regulation and government
         | backing.
         | 
         |  _Real_ cryptocurrency is what you have in your wallet. How
         | many of us hold our own coins? Pretty much everyone keeps
         | "their" coins at the exchange...
        
           | psychlops wrote:
           | The coins have failed because the exchanges failed and people
           | use them incorrectly. Got it.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | The coins failed because exchanges shouldn't even have been
             | created in the first place. Bitcoin should have been as
             | easy to use and ubiquitous as the US dollar. As we all
             | know, cryptocurrency turned into stocks instead.
        
               | psychlops wrote:
               | If not exchanges, what entity would you suggest as a way
               | to change crypto into fiat?
               | 
               | Using the most successful fiat currency the world has
               | ever known as a goal seems a bit lofty. In your view, how
               | much time should it have taken to surpass the dollar?
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | That's my point. There should never have been any need to
               | exchange crypto into fiat. Bitcoin should have been as
               | ubiquitous as USD. Everyone using it, pricing things in
               | it, transacting with it, holding at least some amount of
               | it. Exchanging for fiat should have been as easy as
               | getting change from a store.
        
             | sytelus wrote:
             | The coins have failed at the moment because prices have
             | crashed. No one was complaining about coins failing when
             | prices were soaring.
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | No one who was holding coins was paying attention to
               | anyone who was telling them that the coins had failed. Do
               | you remember 'have fun staying poor'? It was used to shut
               | up anyone who said anything critical.
        
               | psychlops wrote:
               | I guess I needed a /sarc tag. The coins aren't failing.
               | And I'd disagree with the notion that the success or
               | failure of a cryptocurrencies is directly correlated with
               | "price".
        
           | nyolfen wrote:
           | "too soon to say"
        
           | Geee wrote:
           | Only about 10% (2M) of bitcoin are on exchanges:
           | https://www.coinglass.com/Balance
        
             | acjohnson55 wrote:
             | No need to keep bitcoin on exchange when you can speculate
             | on futures with far more liquidity and leverage on
             | BitMex...er, FTX....er, Binance.
        
             | aeyes wrote:
             | You also have to take the ~4M estimated coins with lost
             | keys into account.
             | 
             | If these stats are correct we closer to 15%. Which is a
             | lot. I would have expected 0.1%.
        
               | Geee wrote:
               | It could be less, but it's not that much. People say
               | often that "most" coins are held on exchanges, which is
               | far from true.
        
               | Melting_Harps wrote:
               | > If these stats are correct we closer to 15%. Which is a
               | lot. I would have expected 0.1%.
               | 
               | That was never going to happen, too much institutional
               | money and index funds have been super focused on trading
               | rather than the tech, and their are ETFs that have paper
               | BTC that can move the price at will, just as much as if a
               | whale decides to do so--it wouldn't even take
               | MicroStrategy's stash, it could just be Laszlo wanting to
               | get some stuff out of cold storage and clear a couple
               | days because the tx fee is low.
               | 
               | Also most of those HFT bots need to have liquidity on
               | hand so this is part of the system, what is noteable is
               | how little it takes to move the market these days: less
               | than a 500 coin sell off on an exchange like Bitfinex
               | gave us >$1000 swings. Which if you trade is what you
               | want as volatility is where the money is made.
               | 
               | MTGOX taught us very early to never trust exchanges and
               | this was after the capital controls in Cypus that made us
               | all on edge at the time, and yet it took multiple
               | GOXXINGS to learn (the last one still hasn't been
               | resolved and the Japanese govt has been dragging it's
               | feet for nearly a decade now). People who buy and keep
               | them on exchanges are going to have to learn why self-
               | ownership is a critical part of this ecosystem.
               | 
               | People may have lost untold millions/billions having
               | sloppy OPSEC when handling BTC, but so did Turing [0] and
               | he did it for the same reasons we have just so it's clear
               | and goes to show how it's not a fringe idea to have self-
               | sovereignty over one's finances, especially in uncertain
               | times like war (and in his case peace time as they
               | castrated for being gay despite his efforts in breaking
               | the U-boat cryptography) and I doubt you will question
               | his genius in cryptography and just think of him as a
               | crypto bro: proving it's just as common for a super
               | genius as it is from the layman to get it wrong.
               | 
               | We just need to make it better, and in that regard I
               | think we have com efar but it's still too difficult and a
               | trusted 3rd party is required: Dorsey is working on
               | something along those lines.
               | 
               | This is why we have always encouraged doing small sums
               | until you can replicate the process and then transfer the
               | whole amount with several contingencies in place should
               | anything happen. It's not easy or perfect, but neither is
               | physics and we can still have re-usable first stage
               | rockets when it was thought to be impossible.
               | 
               | 0: https://www.iflscience.com/alan-turing-buried-his-
               | life-savin...
        
           | caeril wrote:
           | No, there's still Monero and ZCash. And most holders do have
           | their own non-custodial wallets. Or at least wallet seeds
           | from intermediaries like MetaMask.
           | 
           | The speculative frenzy with FedCoins like BTC and ETH will
           | obviously fall to baseline, but the true use case for
           | cryptocurrency still exists.
        
         | andirk wrote:
         | Why not both? Centralized where people trust, decentralized
         | where people don't trust. In my interpretation, the Bitcoin
         | white paper states that BTC is an answer to _the lack of
         | regulation_ that allowed the fat cats to abuse the money
         | supplies. It's kind of ironic, but to see crypto as purely
         | anarchistic is to ignore that it is essentially _democratized_
         | money. Both: I use exchanges as well as cold storage.
        
           | TremendousJudge wrote:
           | I never understood. Where's the democracy here, exactly? A
           | regular user cannot afford to participate in the decision
           | making of the system in any meaningful way. In fact, today,
           | most users don't even directly use it, instead relying on
           | processors such as Coinbase. The "not your keys, not your
           | coins" meme exists due to this. The original paper described
           | a democratic system where people voted with their processors,
           | but failed to take into account that people with more
           | processors get more votes. I find it hard to argue that the
           | system as it currently exists is more democratic than the
           | currency emitted by the central bank of your country.
        
             | m00dy wrote:
             | well, honestly speaking, Bitcoin community looks to be
             | committed to preserve 21million as max supply. That's a big
             | promise and I love it.
        
             | Nursie wrote:
             | > I find it hard to argue that the system as it currently
             | exists is more democratic than the currency emitted by the
             | central bank of your country.
             | 
             | Significantly less, as the central bank is usually at least
             | accountable to the democratically elected government of the
             | country.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ballofrubber wrote:
             | Arguably a lot of discussion is open to anyone (Bitcoin
             | mailing list, Core github repo), where anyone is free to
             | post their opinion on topics themselves.
             | 
             | It is not democratic as in "you have a vote to force others
             | to comply to the majority", but more a democratic in "you
             | can try to convince enough people that the major chain
             | becomes how you like it, while the others run a minority
             | fork".
             | 
             | People think "where the money goes, is where the miners
             | go", but the blocksize wars showed that "where the users
             | go, is where the miners go". Miners themselves don't decide
             | on bitcoin rules, users do.
             | 
             | So I personally think that bitcoin is not necessarily
             | democratic, but still highly people/community vs money
             | driven.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | I can send Putin an email. If I'm sufficiently convincing
               | he might decide to call off his illegal invasion of
               | Ukraine. That doesn't change the nature of his autocracy.
        
               | ballofrubber wrote:
               | I don't know if this is comparable.
               | 
               | Even if UN would finally vote to deem the invasion
               | illegal (note: it apparently is not by the democratic
               | votes of the UN), it probably wouldn't be stopped either.
               | 
               | I think comparing real world war scenarios with how
               | consensus is found in decentralized open source protocols
               | is a bit intellectually dishonest
        
               | jrumbut wrote:
               | This is a terrifying definition of democracy, "you don't
               | get a vote but there is an informal and non-binding
               | channel to lodge complaints."
               | 
               | That's not democratic at all!
        
               | webXL wrote:
               | > "you have a vote to force others to comply to the
               | majority"
               | 
               | is _less_ terrifying to you?
        
               | cmeacham98 wrote:
               | What you're arguing for is "you have a vote (well you
               | don't, but people much richer than you do) to force
               | others to comply to a very small minority", how is that
               | better than majority rule?
        
               | ballofrubber wrote:
               | Well there are no votes, so you can't force anyone to run
               | anything. You run what you like and hope others do as
               | well. As I said miners follow users, not companies.
        
               | nyolfen wrote:
               | i urge you to compare this to any presently-existing
               | monetary system or software project
        
               | ballofrubber wrote:
               | It might not be "democratic", to me personally it seems
               | fair as you are not forced to run the rules that are
               | imposed by others. It might not be the wise decision, but
               | the market will decide on the "better" rules.
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | Do you think the 'market' can decide anything if people
               | aren't playing by the 'rules' in the first place? The
               | free market model does not account for widespread fraud.
        
               | andirk wrote:
               | Democracy can be defined as a popularity contest;
               | democracy does not = good. When I and others say
               | "democratized money", it's not to say it is identical to
               | the definition of democracy as it pertains to a populous
               | voting 1 person 1 vote. More like "money that is not
               | controlled by a single source but rather as large a group
               | as cares to participate who also have access to and
               | knowledge of the tech".
        
               | throwawaylinux wrote:
               | When people say democratized anything, it comes across as
               | meaningless marketing speak. I don't mean the traditional
               | non-political use of the word (i.e., simply making
               | something easily accessible to a lot of people).
               | 
               | It's basically trying to claim some good, without having
               | to quantify or justify that in any way.
               | 
               | The US dollar is ultimately controlled by democratic
               | institutions even if you don't count individuals using it
               | as having any control. Therefore it is democratized money
               | by the same vague handwaving.
        
               | ballofrubber wrote:
               | Additionaly it's also different as in "the majority does
               | not change my rules", they can be wrong in the long run
               | and my rules become majority again.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | > _" you can try to convince enough people that the major
               | chain becomes how you like it, while the others run a
               | minority fork"._
               | 
               | FWIW, that is also true for fiat. You can become an
               | economist, or a journalist, or a politician, or a pundit,
               | and try to convince your country to do economics
               | differently. It's a tall order, but it's been known to
               | succeed. If this seems harder than the equivalent for
               | blockchains, it's only because cryptocurrencies have
               | _much fewer users_ , so your voice seems more powerful.
        
               | ballofrubber wrote:
               | Good point. I think the subtle difference is that the
               | traditional political democracy coerces the minority to
               | use the system how they like it (ofc. not everywhere,
               | maybe more on the money/legal tender side of things),
               | whereas with Bitcoin there is no coercion by the
               | majority. The majority would accept one set of currency,
               | while others might use another, however markets will
               | probably always decide on a winner when it comes to
               | currency, which could feel as if you are "forced".
               | Definitely a nuanced topic.
        
         | UncleMeat wrote:
         | An anarchist experiment that plays into capitalism's worst
         | instincts and rapidly encountered "please give the money back
         | to the rich people" when the first big ETH theft was pulled
         | off.
         | 
         | Anarchism should be about dismantling hierarchies. Crypto has
         | further entrenched owners against the rest.
        
         | lern_too_spel wrote:
         | > Crypto is an anarchist experiment
         | 
         | And, like every anarchist experiment before it, it failed. It
         | continues to draw in new suckers every day, and that is a
         | problem for society.
         | 
         | It doesn't matter if you didn't cause the problem. Because you
         | live in that society, you still have to pay the cost to fix it
         | or continue to take the losses from the problem existing.
         | 
         | It's the same with slavery, not educating blacks, and then not
         | employing blacks in America. I had nothing to do with it. My
         | family had nothing to do with it. But because I live in
         | America, I have to either pay the cost to fix the problem or
         | pay the ongoing cost of crime that the problem produces. Taking
         | on the cost of problems others created is the cost of living in
         | society, just as benefiting from the value that others create
         | is the benefit of living in society.
         | 
         | The time to regulate crypto and cut our future losses was
         | yesterday.
        
           | codehalo wrote:
           | >But because I live in America, I have to either pay the cost
           | to fix the problem or pay the ongoing cost of crime that the
           | problem produces.
           | 
           | The "crime" the problem produces allow a lot of white men to
           | put their kids through college, fooling themselves into
           | thinking they are stopping "bad guys".
           | 
           | If you dont keep them busy, they would create far more crime
           | than you think black folk do. They might even start storming
           | the White House.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | Last I checked, the Zapatistas are still around.
        
             | lern_too_spel wrote:
             | The FLDS cult is still around too and for about twice as
             | long. Its mere existence doesn't make it a successful
             | experiment.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Then you should clearly define "success". So far as I can
               | tell, the Zapatistas did succeed in building the society
               | that they wanted and kept it going for several decades
               | now. Are you claiming that they aren't meaningfully
               | anarchist?
        
           | ohgodplsno wrote:
           | To be fair to anarchists, it extremely often failed because
           | of outside forces being violent towards them. Nothing in
           | anarchy is inherently doomed to failure, and is a better
           | demonstration of democracy than anything we have currently.
           | (Because if there's anything an anarchist loves more than
           | voting, it's one more voting round).
           | 
           | Calling cryptocurrencies "anarchist" is walking on the corpse
           | of actual anarchists and taking a big, steaming shit on them.
           | Anarcho-capitalists have nothing to do with anarchy and are
           | just kids whose bedtime reading was, regrettably, Ayn Rand.
        
             | rightbyte wrote:
             | I guess people think Mad Max rather than "everything is run
             | by tiny councils" when they think about anarchists.
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | Anarchy is defined as absence of government and
               | authority, with unlimited personal freedom as a
               | consequence. This is fine if you're living alone, but in
               | groups, you have unbounded externalities. Tiny councils
               | are tiny governments.
        
               | ohgodplsno wrote:
               | If you let your own ignorance define anarchy, sure.
               | 
               | Anarchists simply want every single thing to be voted on
               | by the people, whether through referendum or randomly
               | picked representatives. Anarchists agree that there
               | should be governing bodies (merely that they shouldn't be
               | the ones we have right now, and that they should be more
               | representative and prevent the formation of a political
               | class) and that authority should also be granted by these
               | governing bodies _and_ revokable by the same. Hence,
               | there is nothing an anarchist loves more than voting. It
               | does not prevent living in groups, just that there are no
               | leaders in that group.
               | 
               | By saying it is defined as an absence of government and
               | authority, you're either thinking of ancaps (which are a
               | bad right wing joke made up of said Ayn Rand readers), or
               | dogshit propaganda fed to you. Read a bit.
        
           | jrm4 wrote:
           | Every anarchist experiment failed?
           | 
           | The Internet's still around, buddy.
        
             | lern_too_spel wrote:
             | The Internet whose addresses are handed out by IANA? That
             | Internet? Or are you talking about Web3 scamware?
        
             | svachalek wrote:
             | The Internet was created by DARPA and while it got a little
             | wild in the 90s, neither its origins or current form in any
             | way resemble anarchy.
        
               | Eduard wrote:
               | Just because "The Internet"'s _mainstream_ may not
               | resemble anarchy, this doesn't prohibit other parts to
               | resemble anarchy. In fact there are a lot of examples
               | active and thriving "on the Internet" fulfilling various
               | definitions of anarchy.
        
               | namaria wrote:
               | Or it's infrastructure, or design, or all the corporate
               | committees involved in managing it. Care to give counter
               | examples?
        
               | jrm4 wrote:
               | It's a protocol that's literally not centrally
               | controlled. It's the definition of anarchy. Not "cosmetic
               | anarchy."
        
             | namaria wrote:
             | The thing created by a US Government agency at the height
             | of the Cold War is your example of anarchist success story?
        
               | jrm4 wrote:
               | Yes, because I'm not talking about "how it came into
               | existence," I'm using the actual textbook definition of
               | the word.
        
               | namaria wrote:
               | There is a LOT of -archy overhead to the Internet.
        
       | secretsatan wrote:
       | Who knows, i'm just going to rant that I never got into it, i
       | heard about it right at the start, started looking into it, like
       | maybe do it like i used to let idle time on seti. Maybe now i'd
       | be a billionaire. It would seem like an odd way to be one.
       | 
       | But i got put off it right away by libertarian conspiracy
       | believing types, always knew way more than me about the secret
       | machinations of the world that are forever kept free from us, and
       | of course, they knew something i didn't, this secret knowledge
       | was given away for free if you knew the right people.
       | 
       | In a way, i credit them with a renewed interest in programming,
       | as this guy told me about writing a twitter bot to pump gold
       | whenever they're idol told them too, i did actually think to
       | myself, this guy thinks they're a programmer when they repurposed
       | a script while i can actually write useful apps, so i'll give
       | them that.
        
       | kristjansson wrote:
       | Why is it apparently so difficult to run a solvent crypto
       | exchange? On the face, it shouldn't be too hard, just take
       | deposits, stick them in a wallet, and swap client balances in a
       | database.
       | 
       | Is the temptation to maintain a reserve ratio < 1 just too great?
       | Do operators try to earn small, low-risk return on client funds
       | only to find there are no low-risk, positive-return assets in
       | crypto? Are the extending margin to clients or explicitly
       | stepping in as counterparty, and get exposed to losses as prices
       | move?
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | The majority of crypto exchanges failing has been due to them
         | being hacked or assets stolen. It seems to be an ongoing
         | problem. It's kind of inherent to crypto transfers not being
         | reversible. In a regular stock exchange if a crook tries to
         | transfer the assets somewhere you can freeze or reverse the
         | transaction. Crypto not so much.
         | 
         | The FTX issues seem to be something else - it's a bit unclear
         | what exactly at the moment.
         | 
         | I've got some assets with FTX so I'm curious. As well as
         | holding crypto they do futures trading on it and I wouldn't be
         | surprised if Alameda Research, their privately held prop
         | trading fund is a counterparty to some of those and may have
         | gone bust.
        
         | octodog wrote:
         | FTX offers leveraged products so they are borrowing assets from
         | _somewhere_ to fund these trades.
        
           | mianos wrote:
           | This is only true for covered leverage with physical
           | delivery. If you match a buyer and a seller, they can agree
           | to settle in fiat.
        
         | jl2718 wrote:
         | Faking the liquidity.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
         | Running a reserve ratio < 1 is a convenient way of funding
         | advertising to get more people to use your exchange.
         | 
         | So the question you should be asking is: if there is a solvent
         | crypto exchange, how would I ever find out about it?
        
           | kristjansson wrote:
           | Presumably transaction fees, market data fees, etc. would
           | provide enough revenue to fund advertisements?
        
             | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
             | Advertising is a market, you see ads for whoever is willing
             | to bid the highest. It seems like Coinbase had to raise
             | money to get big. FTX arrived to the scene later. It would
             | be hard to compete by bootstrapping from organic growth.
        
               | kristjansson wrote:
               | Taking outside money doesn't preclude solvency
        
         | espadrine wrote:
         | Storing money costs money: at least the bank fees, if not the
         | negative interest rates.
         | 
         | Processing money costs even more money: operations must be
         | scrutinized, international movements require validation and
         | communication, and various AML/CFT/Fraud procedures must
         | perform investigations etc. You have accounts in various
         | currencies, perform conversions to maintain liquidity...
         | 
         | So I can see why they would start dipping their toes into
         | investments. Once they start, they probably don't consider
         | enforcing Basel III to their procedures, and things just
         | unfold.
        
         | theptip wrote:
         | > Why is it apparently so difficult to run a solvent crypto
         | exchange?
         | 
         | Running a stock exchange is a hard business too; you are the
         | market maker, you set the spread, and the most sophisticated
         | investors in the world are trying to arbitrage you. Any mistake
         | can potentially ruin you. If you do you job right you take a
         | tiny sliver of profit from each transaction.
         | 
         | Now consider crypto, where your ability to pause the market or
         | unwind clearly-erroneous transactions is reduced or removed.
         | 
         | Sounds excruciatingly hard to me.
        
           | Bootvis wrote:
           | That's why you get outsiders on your exchange to make markets
           | and you just charge commissions and access fees.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Running a stock exchange is a hard business too; you are
           | the market maker, you set the spread, and the most
           | sophisticated investors in the world are trying to arbitrage
           | you_
           | 
           | Normal markets aren't as centralised as crypto. The exchange
           | and market maker are separate.
        
             | pcthrowaway wrote:
             | It's pretty uncommon for exchanges to do all their market
             | making directly, and many of the ones that do still rely on
             | outside market making.
             | 
             | FTX was almost the exception since Alameda spun out of it
             | IIRC
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _pretty uncommon for exchanges to do all their market
               | making directly_
               | 
               | Point is, in real finance, it's pretty uncommon for
               | exchanges to do _any_ of their market making. Largely to
               | ensure they can project confidence in crises. Market
               | makers blow up. Exchanges shouldn 't.
        
               | Ferrotin wrote:
               | Do exchanges in real finance even have long term customer
               | deposits?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Do exchanges in real finance even have long term
               | customer deposits?_
               | 
               | Not really. They used to! (A hundred+ years ago.) But we
               | learned that an exchange blowing up is a hell of a lot
               | worse than a bank or broker. So most systems segregate
               | the functions. (It's also not great to have an exchange
               | making markets and thereby having a vested directional
               | interest.)
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | Alameda was founded first.
        
             | SXX wrote:
             | This is just not the case. At least on Binance there are
             | number of market makers other than Binance itself and there
             | is a lot of tech built around this. I guess every major
             | crypto exchange after MtGox is as complex as normal
             | markets.
        
           | joyfylbanana wrote:
           | > Now consider crypto, where your ability to pause the market
           | or unwind clearly-erroneous transactions is reduced or
           | removed.
           | 
           | These should be quite possible, no? Exchanges have
           | mainteinance pauses now and then, however if they had them
           | regularly that would drive customers away. Unwinding
           | transactions inside crypto exchanges is also not unheard of I
           | think.
        
         | chis wrote:
         | Probably the insolvent exchanges are able to offer lower costs
         | and better promotions to users. For instance Coinbase has
         | always charged way higher fees than FTX for simple buying and
         | selling of coins.
        
           | from wrote:
           | Sometimes they offer to cover withdrawal fees too. Still it
           | seems like they should be making money hand over fist.
        
         | favflam wrote:
         | Asset heavy. The computer systems to run one are expensive.
         | Compliance is expensive. Your return on assets are probably
         | lower than 5% in a regulated market.
         | 
         | If you don't take extra risks to spruce up returns, you lose
         | money.
        
       | skippyboxedhero wrote:
       | From Twitch, interview with Wintermute CEO (another big crypto
       | MM) - https://www.twitch.tv/videos/1647004406?t=1h39m38s - had no
       | idea this coming either (who got hacked for $100m recently).
       | 
       | Later in the video Martin Shkreli tells Do Kwon that prison isn't
       | so bad.
       | 
       | Interesting interview.
        
       | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | acyou wrote:
       | The name Sam Bankman-Fried came up quite a lot in Twitter v.
       | Musk. I wonder if he ended up with a stake in the acquisition
       | deal. If SBF was a sizable backer of the Twitter buyout, this
       | more than anything could take Twitter out at the knees.
        
       | spelunker wrote:
       | I thought Binance essentially caused all of this by dumping (and
       | advertising dumping) FTT tokens? And now that FTX is in distress
       | they're going to swoop in and buy a competitor? Kind of reminds
       | me of Luxottica buying out Oakley...
        
       | SevenNation wrote:
       | The slashdot piece just links to the real article:
       | 
       | https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/08/binance-signs-letter-of-in...
       | 
       | > Zhao (pictured above) said Binance reached the decision after
       | FTX asked the crypto behemoth for help. "To protect users, we
       | signed a non-binding LOI, intending to fully acquire FTX and help
       | cover the liquidity crunch. We will be conducting a full DD in
       | the coming days," he said in a tweet.
       | 
       | This appears to be an admission of running a fractional reserve.
       | Otherwise where could a "liquidity crunch" come from.
       | 
       | Hilariously, this is the origin story of Bitcoin. Can't trust
       | banks. Create electronic cash. Users are clueless about what to
       | do with the cryptographic material needed to secure electronic
       | cash. Users park funds at exchange. Exchange operator is a
       | criminal who embezzles the money away, or an incompetent boob who
       | just loses it. Exchange freezes withdrawals, temporarily at
       | first, while continuing to accept deposits. Mayhem ensues. Rinse
       | and repeat.
       | 
       | The entire FTX team belongs behind bars. The VC team that backed
       | this hair-brained venture deserves everything coming to them.
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | What's the background of the liquidity crisis at FTX?
        
         | edf13 wrote:
         | CZ said it's dumping all their tokens from Binance...
         | 
         | FTX starts to fail...
         | 
         | CZ snaps it up for a song
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | I heard that as well, but how did FTX put themselves in a
           | position where that can happen? Leveraging up in your own
           | token?
        
             | spaceman_2020 wrote:
             | apparently they were playing VC with user deposits.
             | 
             | This is why regulations exist.
        
             | v8xi wrote:
             | There was a report that came out a few days ago claiming
             | that Alameda Research (SBFs company) was insolvent / did
             | not have enough cash to cover their FTT liabilities[1]. CZ
             | begins dumping their FTX token to de-risk and that led to
             | them actually being insolvent.
             | 
             | [1] https://dirtybubblemedia.substack.com/p/is-alameda-
             | research-...
        
       | drummer wrote:
       | Kids, this is why you never leave your crypto on an exchange.
        
       | robswc wrote:
       | absolutely wild how "fast" this happened.
        
       | bogomipz wrote:
       | Interesting just 6 weeks ago the news was that FTX was buying
       | Voyager Digital's assets for 1.4 billion dollar after winning a
       | bankruptcy auction. In July the news was that FTX provided
       | BlockFi with a $400 million line of credit and an option to buy
       | the company for 240 million.[1][2] Now the crypto bailout savior
       | is being bailed out?
       | 
       | [1] https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/27/bankrupt-crypto-lender-
       | voyag...
       | 
       | [2] https://techcrunch.com/2022/07/01/ftx-us-deal-with-
       | troubled-...
        
       | flanfly wrote:
       | Impressive. I wonder how much of this was planned by CZ.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | 55555 wrote:
       | Anyone here remember when SBF was offering Elon Musk a billion
       | dollars to help him buy Twitter? What the hell was he thinking?
        
         | colinmhayes wrote:
         | He was probably thinking the offer would leak and give him
         | publicity, which it did.
        
           | polygamous_bat wrote:
           | To be completely frank, it worked too (at least on me). If
           | you asked me two weeks ago which company would go bankrupt
           | first between FTX and Coinbase, I would be hard pressed to
           | answer, even though we all have access to the financial
           | documents of Coinbase and all we have from FTX is SBF glamor
           | and hot air.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | Are you sure they didn't make the deal?
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | Yes, SBF didn't get a stake: https://danluu.com/elon-twitter-
           | texts/#equity-financing-comm...
        
         | jbverschoor wrote:
         | Yup.. The transcripts say he wanted to partner yup. Binance did
         | finance, so maybe it's a way to get involved in Elon's inner
         | circle.
        
       | dQw4w9WgXcQ wrote:
       | Will be interesting to see how this assertive prediction from
       | "someone in the industry" a few days ago plays out:
       | 
       | >> Regardless if FTT collapses, it wouldn't matter cause
       | insolvency both the asset and liability side of the balance sheet
       | would go down. [1]
       | 
       | We got our FTT collapse today, let's see if the "experts" are
       | correct.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33467429
        
         | guelo wrote:
         | Lol wouldn't be surprised if dcolkitt is SBF or someone near
         | him
        
         | DEDLINE wrote:
         | Was just thinking about this comment
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | firekvz wrote:
       | What really amazes me about the whole thing is that after celcius
       | and now ftx, tether manages to have peoples' trust and manages to
       | have a bunch of apologists, to the point that in this whole
       | threat there is 0 mention about usdt or tether, while it should
       | at least be mentioned or discussed in here, even tho it has no
       | direct relation, they are the org with most obscure and shady
       | things about them, even the whole business of binance was built
       | around their USDT pairs
       | 
       | it's also quite funny how Binance now acts as a total legit org
       | that has not wrongdoings when they have shown no proof of their
       | BUSD backings and they built their empire on top of tether
        
         | dibt wrote:
         | >...What really amazes me about the whole thing is that after
         | celcius and now ftx, tether manages to have peoples' trust...
         | 
         | I've never held/used Tether, and that won't change. There's no
         | reason to use it. However, it's worth pointing out that Tether
         | DID go through what FTX is going through right now. They
         | handled it surprisingly well.
         | 
         | This article says they had $10 billion redemptions in May:
         | https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/17/tether-usdt-redemptions-fuel...
         | 
         | This article says they had $1.6 billion redemptions in June:
         | https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2022/06/15/tether-sees-new-...
         | 
         | There are rumors that FTX was/is missing as much as $5 billion
         | of customer deposits. That's what lead to their withdrawal
         | issues.
         | 
         | >while it should at least be mentioned or discussed in here,
         | even tho it has no direct relation
         | 
         | It's a stable coin, not a centralized exchange. No comparison.
         | Though, both should be able to honor 100% of withdraws at any
         | moment.
         | 
         | You are likely to label me as an apologist. Again, I don't
         | trust it. I couldn't care less if it stops existing tomorrow. I
         | just haven't seen any concrete evidence it can't honor
         | redemptions. The opposite was proven in May and June.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | > This article says they had $10 billion redemptions in May
           | 
           | This is only impressive if they _actually_ had $10B of cash
           | and equivalents to return /liquidate in that period.
           | 
           | Of course the accusation is that Tether is largely unbacked,
           | and so redeeming $10B of nothing is a lot less impressive.
        
       | whoknew1122 wrote:
       | Wait, am I to understand that decentralized finance is becoming
       | more... centralized? That doesn't seem right... /s
        
         | chucknthem wrote:
         | It's one centralized entity acquiring another centralized
         | entity, so it's more like the centralized brokers of crypto
         | just became more centralized.
        
       | jo6gwb wrote:
       | SBF yesterday:
       | 
       | "FTX is fine. Assets are fine."
       | 
       | Can't trust a word out of this guy's mouth.
        
         | xur17 wrote:
         | If I've learned anything, the moment you start seeing posts
         | like "funds are safe", "withdrawals are flowing" from an
         | exchange, it's game over, and time to gtfo if it's not already
         | too late.
        
         | kwere wrote:
         | Funds are Safu -Bizonacci
        
         | pranshum wrote:
         | "Every banker knows that if he has to prove he is worthy of
         | credit, in fact his credit is gone." - Bagehot
        
           | AlexMoffat wrote:
           | +1 That's a great book.
        
           | BLanen wrote:
           | "Exchanges"(Exchanges and brokerages in one) are not supposed
           | to be banks. Everything can be withdrawn from brokerages
           | without them being insolvent.
        
             | pranshum wrote:
             | If the brokerage provides leverage to its customers, it can
             | be subject to the same sort of bank runs that a normal bank
             | can.
        
           | edouard-harris wrote:
           | Indeed. And in this case, it was from one day to the next.
        
         | ploppyploppy wrote:
         | I'm really glad this shyster is having light shed on his
         | behaviour. It's always been odd to me how FTX made it so big so
         | quickly.
        
         | ww520 wrote:
         | The assets are fine. Just the value of the assets is not sure.
        
       | v8xi wrote:
       | Assuming due diligence goes through. I'm sure Binance won't know
       | precisely where to locate any deal-tanking skeletons.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Url changed from
       | https://slashdot.org/story/22/11/08/1612256/binance-to-acqui...,
       | which points to this.
       | 
       | Submitters: " _Please submit the original source. If a post
       | reports on something found on another site, submit the latter._ "
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
       | 
       | Edit: we changed the URL again--this time from
       | https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/08/binance-signs-letter-of-in...
       | to a different one that seems to give more background and more
       | explanation. (via https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33523192,
       | but no comments there)
        
       | sergimas15 wrote:
       | awesome
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | All of these folks need to be in prison along with Andreeson
       | Horowitz. All bloody crooks the lot of them. The largest ponzi
       | scheme in the history of humanity and they wonder why the world
       | is not getting better.
        
         | beambot wrote:
         | _Largest_ might be a stretch. I suggest spending some time
         | reading about John Law, the South Sea Bubble, and the
         | Mississippi Company. When you realize that all of these ponzi
         | schemes ultimately resulted in modern central banking, you
         | might reasonably contend that the largest ponzi scheme is still
         | sitting right here in plain sight -- with crypto illuminating
         | (mocking?) the essence of fiat-denominated  "wealth" and
         | "money".
        
           | rottencupcakes wrote:
           | Is it really a ponzi scheme if it's enforced via threat of
           | violence?
        
             | beambot wrote:
             | Perhaps -- in the same way that the difference between a
             | religion & a cult is really just a matter of scale and mass
             | acceptance.
             | 
             | To be clear: I'm not advocating against the model of money
             | as we know it today... All models are wrong, but some are
             | useful.
        
           | boppo1 wrote:
           | Can you give us a TL;DR on how those schemes resulted in
           | modern central banking? It's challenging to find solid info
           | on the introduction/acceptance of central banking as the
           | status quo. Lots of it veers hard into conspiracy theory and
           | information that I can tell is wrong from a handful of
           | college finance courses.
           | 
           | I know this is the second (or third) central banking paradigm
           | that has existed in the US. The last one got shut down by ol'
           | AJ, but I don't really understand how that all went down and
           | how it's different (or similar) to what we have now.
        
             | beambot wrote:
             | The ~1 hour YouTube series _The History of Paper Money_ by
             | _Extra Credit_ is a good, factual starting point presented
             | in an entertaining fashion:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nZkP2b-4vo
        
         | dibt wrote:
         | Did AH take money from retail investors? I suppose you can
         | claim they pumped these products. I'm not convinced it's any
         | different than what happens with an IPO that started with VC
         | money. I'm not saying it's good, just that it's as bad as
         | anything that's regulated.
        
           | wolski wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSXQgCP3WQw&t=1620s A good
           | explanation on how these schemes usually work out.
        
           | shuckles wrote:
           | Would you consider cashing out pre-ICO tokens for bogus
           | projects to "accredited investors" (ie retails) as "taking
           | money"?
        
             | dibt wrote:
             | I have no doubt that anybody that had access to pre-release
             | allocations were well aware of the risks. Net worth was
             | likely checked. They don't need to be treated like a child.
             | 
             | Probably a civil matter anyway - no expectation of jail,
             | which was what the parent commenter referenced.
        
               | shuckles wrote:
               | I was referring to insiders selling at ICO to retails.
               | I'm sure insiders were savvy and made plenty of money.
        
       | havefunbesafe wrote:
       | There was a looming liquidity crunch because the people running
       | exchanges are... well... lying about reserves.
        
         | ploppyploppy wrote:
         | Kraken aren't: https://www.kraken.com/en-gb/proof-of-reserves
        
       | xch wrote:
       | just listen to torrent protocol designer already and end these
       | shitshows chia.net
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | DeFi --> CeFi
        
         | danrocks wrote:
         | --> Fi
        
       | locallost wrote:
       | As Matt Levine just pointed out in his newsletter, FTX was doing
       | the same to bail out other failing crypto companies in the
       | summer. Now it needs a bail out itself.
       | 
       | What will happen to Binance in a few months if the system is now
       | unwinding? That's the question right, if it's a system problem or
       | FTX was greedy and over leveraged. For me it smells like a system
       | issue because it's all based on funny money.
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | Ha, in exchange for extending a non-binding LOI, Binance got a
       | competitor to admit they're illiquid.
        
         | polygamous_bat wrote:
         | Which seems like a huge L for FTX... until you start thinking
         | about what the alternative must have been if this is what they
         | chose.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _what the alternative must have been_
           | 
           | It's clear it would have involved everyone losing their money
           | and Bankman Fried being on the run a la Do Kwon.
        
             | polygamous_bat wrote:
             | I mean, that could still happen. I am not ready to give up
             | hope yet.
        
       | misil wrote:
       | Can we perhaps take this opportunity to pour one out for Matt
       | Levine? I can't think of any writer/journalist who can bring an
       | often esoteric topic like present day financial shenanigans to
       | life with such clear, intuitive and bitingly funny writing. His
       | coverage of the whole Elon/Twitter saga alone is second to none.
        
       | wslh wrote:
       | How is Solana positioned in this context? Breakpoint Solana was a
       | big event these days [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://solana.com/breakpoint
        
       | listenallyall wrote:
       | Not surprised at all. They went all-in on a disastrous Super Bowl
       | commercial -- certainly not the only reason for their downfall
       | but representative of leadership more concerned with image than
       | product.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30424299
        
       | SilverBirch wrote:
       | So this is presumably going to stop the bleeding for customer
       | deposits at FTX. I wonder how this all shakes out with Alameda -
       | because it looked extremely likely that Alameda and FTX were
       | doing a fair amount of business between each other, and now
       | Alameda likely will be forced to unwind a load of illiquid
       | shitcoin positions, CZ isn't going to want those loans
       | outstanding (or maybe he will - pull the same move again and hold
       | a gun to Alameda's head ready to force liquidition whenever he
       | likes)
        
         | dibt wrote:
         | I think Alameda only held those positions in service to their
         | market making operations, not FTX operations.
         | 
         | The line between where FTX starts and Alameda ends always
         | confused me.
        
       | ww520 wrote:
       | Bitcoin balance on FTX Exchange have gone negative [1]. The
       | withdrawals have been disabled on FTX. It's probably the AltCoins
       | bought with the BTC by FTX have gone down in value and the BTC
       | are gone for good. When people withdraw against BTC, there aren't
       | enough.
       | 
       | [1] https://cryptoslate.com/bitcoin-balance-on-ftx-exchange-
       | goes...
        
       | drumhead wrote:
       | Nicest thing about the Crypto bust is that HN isnt flooded with
       | articles about the latest coin of Blockchain tech.
        
       | steveBK123 wrote:
       | This is great, he was lecturing how stock exchanges should work &
       | on the cover of Fortune as the next Warren Buffet all of what.. 8
       | weeks ago?
       | 
       | SV fintech keeps reinventing all the mistakes of 19th century
       | banking.
       | 
       | BNPL is the next explosion btw.
        
         | steveBK123 wrote:
         | Found it:
         | 
         | Speaking with the Financial Times on July 14, Bankman-Fried
         | stated that if FTX can become the top crypto exchange and
         | supplant rivals such as Coinbase and Binance, the idea of
         | purchasing giants such as Goldman Sachs and CME group is not
         | off the table:
         | 
         | "If we are the biggest exchange, [buying Goldman Sachs and CME]
         | is not out of the question at all."
         | 
         | https://cointelegraph.com/news/billionaire-sbf-says-ftx-may-...
        
           | 22SAS wrote:
           | >"If we are the biggest exchange, [buying Goldman Sachs and
           | CME] is not out of the question at all."
           | 
           | JFC, what an arrogant twat!
        
           | tfsh wrote:
           | Any crypto exchange posturing buying out the likes of Goldman
           | or CME are obviously doomed to fail. There's a fundemental
           | difference between having courage and being down right
           | lunatic, SBF definitely falls in the latter...
        
             | steveBK123 wrote:
             | The other laugh is that he was saying this summer that some
             | crypto exchanges were already secretly insolvent. Huge, if
             | true.
        
         | mamonster wrote:
         | BNPL has already exploded though, but good call. Klarna is down
         | about 90% in the private markets, Affirm about the same from
         | all time high.
         | 
         | Another good candidate is "AI-powered" insurance i.e Lemonade.
        
           | skippyboxedhero wrote:
           | Insurance is already "AI-powered"...insurance companies
           | employ statisticians to build prices, and they have been
           | using low-cost distribution since the 90s.
           | 
           | Speaking generally, insurance was one of the first industries
           | to deploy technology effectively in their core business. They
           | are still doing that.
           | 
           | The issue with companies like Lemonade is that they are
           | rebranding the same product as "AI" (afaik, Lemonade is just
           | taking share by offering cheaper prices...doesn't sound quite
           | as appealing as "AI").
        
             | rhaway84773 wrote:
             | This. I'm not sure what Lemonade does differently from
             | other insurers than providing a nicer UI.
             | 
             | They likely also have lower costs due to eliminating the
             | middle men whose job is to translate text on the screen
             | into words spoken to a customer.
             | 
             | So their lower costs could actually be legitimate.
        
               | skippyboxedhero wrote:
               | Obviously this does vary because retail insurance is
               | usually sold locally but the middle men were eliminated
               | years ago.
               | 
               | First, it was phones. This happened in the early 90s.
               | Then it was internet which was largely finished by the
               | early 2010s. The only exception for this is that online
               | price-comparison websites have added back some
               | distribution costs...but you still need to spend on
               | marketing if you are online (generally speaking, online
               | ads aren't cheap, I know insurers in my market that have
               | moved away from price-comparison/online advertising
               | because of the cost).
        
               | weswilson wrote:
               | There are still plenty of middle men in insurance. There
               | are Carriers, MGA's, Agency Networks/Aggregators, and
               | Brokers.
               | 
               | Large insurance carriers (think Geico, etc) with enough
               | market share (and captive agents) have the vertical
               | integration that eliminates the middle men, but there is
               | a whole world of insurance that most people don't realize
               | each taking their cut.
        
               | skippyboxedhero wrote:
               | Which is why I said it depends on local situation. None
               | of those exist where I am.
        
           | FormerBandmate wrote:
           | Their stock value is down, but they still are financially
           | solvent. Lehman didn't explode when it fell from $60 to $6,
           | it exploded when it went bankrupt. They're a lot closer to it
           | now then a year ago, however
        
             | twelve40 wrote:
             | they are losing like what, $700 mil a year? with the
             | current cost of capital, probably not solvent for very
             | long.
        
               | FormerBandmate wrote:
               | Yeah, they're fucked. They're just not dead (yet)
        
           | boppo1 wrote:
           | How do you keep track of private markets? Are you involved in
           | the business?
        
             | mamonster wrote:
             | Well the place where I work at has a PE/VC arm that
             | unfortunately decided to invest in Klarna sometime in
             | 2021(not my call and not my loss), so naturally this year
             | when it took a huge markdown, I became aware of it.
             | 
             | To track private markets you either need to basically know
             | someone in VC/PE and just ask for a specific company you
             | are interested in, or use something like Pitchbook. The
             | first option is much better, as you can get an estimate of
             | prices even when deals aren't getting done(i.e a VC/PE
             | person can tell you how much they would pay for X company
             | even when X company isn't raising).
        
           | steveBK123 wrote:
           | ZIRP is a hell of a drug. There's not a lot of innovation to
           | be had on lending that is actually going to be considered
           | legal. Unless they obfuscate it with AI, they are going to
           | run afoul of some sort of anti-discriminatory laws.
           | 
           | Credit score&history, income, capital.. go.
           | 
           | Most of what BNPL actually turned out to be was just dumb
           | money.
        
             | mamonster wrote:
             | Its also the fact that in a bear market / recessions
             | usually most correlations go to 1(on the way down) and
             | whatever risk metric you used previously justify having low
             | default provisions suddenly doesn't work anymore.
             | 
             | Wonder whether we will ever see the actual datasets that
             | BNPL founders saw that made them decide it is a safe
             | business. Probably like you said ZIRP,bullmarket
             | delinquency percentages.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Part of the supposed appeal of BNPL is that if the market
               | gets risky, you have much more choice about how much new
               | credit you can offer, since you're free to offer it per-
               | purchase not per-customer.
               | 
               | It makes more sense for a large retailer to run it
               | themselves, though; there's not necessarily any value in
               | a dedicated company selling it straight to customers.
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | Yes, though they were already taking on serious credit
               | losses before any normal creditors were.
        
         | dibt wrote:
         | That says more about media outlets like Fortune, than "SV
         | fintech." It seems like you're using that as a way to describe
         | a single entity. Many people in crypto saw him as a snake.
        
       | janmo wrote:
       | Title is incorrect, they signed a non-binding LOI. They will
       | first do a lot of Due Diligence and might back out of the deal
       | anytime.
        
         | alphabetting wrote:
         | Yeah. Binance seems to have all the leverage.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/ClarityToast/status/1590016720923930628?...
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | FTX needs cash right now and either Binance will provide it
         | right now or they won't.
        
           | janmo wrote:
           | It seems withdrawals are halted, and there is no clarity of
           | weather or not they have resumed after the announcement.
           | 
           | Without withdrawals FTX will loose in importance and value
           | every single hour.
           | 
           | It is hard to build trust as a crypto exchange, but it is
           | very easy and can be quick to lose it.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | > It is hard to build trust as a crypto exchange
             | 
             | Iunno, it seems a lot easier than I ever expected
             | 
             | (I don't run one, just observing others)
        
       | TravelTechGuy wrote:
       | Some more background: the companies were engaged in fighting over
       | regulations, and on a personal basis between the 2 CEOs. It went
       | down to really childish levels at some point.
       | 
       | But one thing is undeniable: SBF (FTX CEO) was trying to
       | weaponize US regulation against his biggest rival CZ (Binance
       | CEO). CZ retaliated by selling the FTT token, exposed the fact
       | FTX was over-leveraged, and took over.
       | 
       | This is, as the kids on Twitter say, the embodiment of the old
       | "F#$k around, find out".
       | 
       | Along the way every FTX client who couldn't withdraw, and every
       | crypto user losing value got screwed - but why should these 2
       | characters care? The space just became more centralized, and
       | whatever smidge of trust was left after the Celsius debacle has
       | evaporated.
        
         | appleflaxen wrote:
         | And over-leveraged, for a brokerage, is a major problem. A
         | brokerage is not a bank, and account-holders are not earning
         | interest. Therefore if you are taking their funds and doing
         | something else with them (a pre-requisite for insolvency,
         | unless you are hacked) is a major red flag for illegality.
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | For those not up to date on crypto people, SBF is Sam Bankman-
         | Fried [1] and CZ is Changpeng Zhao [2]. I don't know why they
         | insist on being called by their initials like they're some sort
         | of ticker symbol.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Bankman-Fried
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changpeng_Zhao
        
           | Analemma_ wrote:
           | Because they think the people they're most similar to are
           | respected old-school hackers (rms, jwz, etc.) instead of
           | carnival hucksters like P. T. Barnum.
        
             | alliao wrote:
             | i can just imagine jwz squirming at the idea of this and it
             | is way too funny...
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | eru wrote:
             | P. T. Barnum doesn't deserve the bad reputation. See eg
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=310056
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | If they were imitating the older style they would use
             | lowercase
        
           | RC_ITR wrote:
           | You see the same thing with Middle East Leaders - MBS, MBZ,
           | etc.
           | 
           | When the names are even semi-complex and the reach is global,
           | people default to acronyms.
        
             | anonporridge wrote:
             | Also AOC, MLK, FDR, and JFK!
        
             | a4isms wrote:
             | Pedantic nit:
             | 
             | Those are initialisms. An initialism is when the individual
             | letters are individually pronounced, like "emm-bee-ess."
             | 
             | An acronym is when the initial letters are pronounced as a
             | word, e.g. SOAR ("Situation Options Act Review-and-
             | Reassess")
        
               | Jasper_ wrote:
               | If there's one thing I really dislike about HN culture,
               | it's the consistent derailing of a thread to "um,
               | actually" someone on a semantics distinction that
               | literally nobody has ever been confused by, or to
               | shoehorn in new terminology that doesn't improve
               | communication in any way.
        
               | 3np wrote:
               | > literally nobody has ever been confused by
               | 
               | um, actually...
        
               | xapata wrote:
               | I enjoyed reading the diversion. I don't think it
               | derailed anything, except perhaps for your reply.
        
               | user_named wrote:
               | Agreed
        
               | a4isms wrote:
               | Some of the most interesting things I've read have been
               | digressions from the main point. Your observation is a
               | case in point: We're now talking about HN culture instead
               | of wild times in the crypto economy. Is this a
               | derailment? Or a digression?
               | 
               | It all depends upon whether people perceive it to be
               | something that "gratifies one's intellectual curiosity,"
               | a line right from the guidelines. In your case, the
               | difference between initialisms and acronyms (if any, see
               | another reply) does not, and I accept that. Sorry!
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | The broader sense of acronym--the meaning of which
               | includes terms pronounced as letters--is sometimes
               | criticized, but it is the term's original meaning[1] and
               | is in common use.Dictionary and style-guide editors are
               | not in universal agreement on the naming for such
               | abbreviations, and it is a matter of some dispute whether
               | the term acronym can be legitimately applied to
               | abbreviations which are not pronounced "as words", nor do
               | these language authorities agree on the correct use of
               | spacing, casing, and punctuation.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/1844;js
               | essioni...).
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | pottertheotter wrote:
             | With the exception that people like MBS, MBZ, AOC, etc. are
             | objectively much more well known.
        
           | CamelCaseName wrote:
           | They go by acronyms on social media, namely twitter, the main
           | place people interact with them
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/cz_binance
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX
        
             | rvba wrote:
             | CZ is Czechia though
        
               | bhawks wrote:
               | It will get it's acronym back shortly.
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | Unless it turns out that Changpeng is of the Habsburgs.
               | Then we will have a serious clash in Europe again.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | aliqot wrote:
               | pretty much everyone is a descendant of franz joseph
        
           | HashBasher wrote:
           | The acronyms are very twitter friendly.
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | DPR fans?
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | Because Bankman-Fried is a mouthful/typeful to say every
           | time, and Changpeng is a big, non-western name, and Zhao too
           | common by itself.
           | 
           | Source: me referring to one of them in conversation a lot
           | with no incentive to kowtow to his preferred branding.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | It's common in many internet circles to refer to prominent
           | people by their initials. Hackerdom has a long tradition of
           | this: rms gls esr jwz et al. It also tends to happen in US
           | federal politics for some reason (jfk rfk gwb fdr et al) but
           | not to everyone.
        
             | throwaway81523 wrote:
             | FDR went by FDR because those were his initials and ehh,
             | people do that sometimes. Have enough presidents and sooner
             | or later you'll get a president who does it. JFK and LBJ
             | did it as conscious homages to FDR. There is a book "In The
             | Shadow of FDR" about post-WW2 US politics that mentions
             | this.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | There's a little bit of cargo-culting with the practice: I
             | thought CZ was short for the Czech Republic. The only
             | reason I know "SBF" is because the New Yorker obliged him
             | in that William MacAskill piece.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | At least the political ones (some) came about for
             | clarification (JFK and RFK are both Kennedies, GWB is to
             | distinguish from "Bush"). Others come from their names
             | being long or hard to remember/pronounce/spell (I suspect
             | this is what happened with AOC).
        
               | pitt1980 wrote:
               | The Robert Caro books about Lyndon B Johnson detail his
               | effort to force meme "LBJ" as a reference to him.
               | 
               | (Mostly in terms of insisting various communications
               | employees use it in press releases and what not).
               | 
               | It seems he liked the iconography of it, especially in
               | putting himself in similar company to FDR.
               | 
               | Both his daughters have the LBJ initials, his wife is
               | mostly known as Lady Bird Johnson (a nickname that
               | predates their relationship, but is not her given name)
        
               | cossatot wrote:
               | OT: Are those books worth reading? I loved the Power
               | Broker but the LBJ books are a whole lot to get through.
        
               | sbierwagen wrote:
               | Maybe.
               | 
               | The books are designed to be standalone-ish, so later
               | volumes spend a fair bit of time repeating things from
               | earlier books. Caro goes deep, deep into various shady
               | acts and new scandals which were probably shocking and
               | relevant in 1982 but less so four decades later.
               | 
               | Caro also touches on a lot of the same topics as The
               | Power Broker, and the picture he paints of LBJ ends up
               | sounding quite a lot like Robert Moses. Is it because all
               | powerful men inevitably end up as bullying psychopaths,
               | or does Caro have something of an axe to grind? 50/50,
               | maybe.
        
               | pitt1980 wrote:
               | Short answer, yes.
               | 
               | Longer answer - from my prospective - I enjoyed the first
               | book Path to Power the most, which revolves around LBJs
               | early life up to becoming a US Representative. I thought
               | it was very on par with the Power Broker. That an the
               | Power Broker would probably be my first recommendation to
               | an ambitious college kid who wants to know the real
               | Politik of how the world works.
               | 
               | The next book Means of Assent was my least favorite of
               | Caro's books, but still highly enjoyable.
               | 
               | Master of the Senate and Passage of Power are both great.
               | But sort of specific to LBJs spot in life. Great, but I'm
               | not sure they sparked my thinking quite the way the Power
               | Broker and Path to Power did.
        
             | Taek wrote:
             | Can't forget pg and sama
        
             | rswail wrote:
             | Who are "et" and "al"? /s
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | Fun crossover: IKE, internet key exchange had a proposed
             | successor JFK
        
           | dpflan wrote:
           | Maybe: Crypto is full of acronyms, token tickers are a great
           | example and apropos here --> their names have been
           | "tokenized"...?
        
             | rich_sasha wrote:
             | Ownership of personhood as documented by holding an NFT.
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | You've been reading the DID spec.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Which is basically an energy-wasting form of the Blue
               | Checkmark?
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | Not even that, because that'd be a web of trust, like PGP
               | or Keybase.
        
               | RileyJames wrote:
               | With the proof of stake release for Eth, is this point
               | still valid?
               | 
               | Bitcoin is still energy intensive, but that has nothing
               | to do with NFTs.
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | > It went down to really childish levels at some point.
         | 
         | Childish bullshit in the cryptocurrency market?!??! I am
         | absolutely shocked and surprised, such a thing is completely
         | unprecedented...
        
           | dang wrote:
           | No flamewar please.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | mekster wrote:
         | Why are people trying to make up their own stories without the
         | reason of how CZ was trying to sell FTT?
         | 
         | Alameda's balance sheet was already looking wrong in the first
         | place.
         | 
         | https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/02/divisions-in-sa...
        
       | Bubble_Pop_22 wrote:
       | Lots of stuff changed since the Middle Ages, antibiotics took the
       | place of leeches, we know that the Earth revolves around the Sun,
       | we can take pictures of Black Holes...
       | 
       | What hasn't changed is that given the opportunity everybody wants
       | to be a banker, invest other people's money and pocket the
       | difference.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/I7ZRD
        
       | sherlock_h wrote:
       | Wow. What an outcome to the whole saga. I wonder what happened
       | behind the scenes
        
         | datalopers wrote:
         | CZ triggered it, destroyed FTX, and now gets to be the hero.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _CZ triggered it_
           | 
           | Binance called attention to the weakness. The underlying
           | issues were all caused by FTX.
        
             | returnInfinity wrote:
             | This exactly, blame FTX
        
             | shapefrog wrote:
             | I cant believe that horrible charity triggered the collapse
             | of Bernie Maddoff by asking for their money back.
        
       | SilverBirch wrote:
       | You know what this makes me kind of wonder... back earlier in the
       | year SBF made a big show of coming in and investing in a bunch of
       | the companies that were collapsing due to the LUNA/3AC/Celsius
       | problems. He stepped in and to some extent halted the unwinding
       | of some of these issues. It turns out now that it's likely FTX is
       | underwater, and Binance is basically doing the same thing -
       | coming in, picking them up cheap and preventing them from really
       | having to unwind.
       | 
       | So It's perfectly possible this action does the exact same thing
       | as last time - simply stalls the unwinding of this catastrophe,
       | which in the end could possibly even prove Binance insolvent. At
       | the end of the day we just end up in a situation where Binance
       | itself has pricing power over tonnes of coins, and if the market
       | comes back they'll be fine, but if the market continues to slide
       | at some point they won't be able to support the market any more.
        
         | fdgsdfogijq wrote:
         | In retrospect, something very shady about those deals they
         | made. There may have been more contagion than let on. Or FTX
         | themselves was financially tied to those assets, and was the
         | true actor swindling people through ponzi yield farming
         | schemes.
        
         | shapefrog wrote:
         | Pure speculation - but I am going to go ahead and speculate
         | that they lost most of the money when everything collapsed a
         | few months ago in the defi blow up.
         | 
         | They doubled down and bought up distressed assets for cents on
         | the dollar, hoping to make it back. A few months on, these bets
         | are worth $0 and there is a $5bn hold in the balance sheet.
         | 
         | If binance havent been f'ing around on the side gambling on the
         | price, and just collect their brokerage on their exchange they
         | will have plenty of cash to make FTX customers whole, restore
         | some faith in the system and dominate the market place.
        
           | fdgsdfogijq wrote:
           | Yup, I think this is what happened. And they claimed "it was
           | for the good of the crypto ecosystem", which in part is true.
           | But the reality if SBF aquired because he had to.
        
             | xur17 wrote:
             | Taking that a step further, is Binance doing the same
             | thing?
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | Without wanting to overdo the "speedrunning 100 years of
               | trad finance" crypto has just replayed 2008.
               | 
               | FTX is playin the role of Bear Sterns and Binance playing
               | JP Morgan. Defi are subbing in for Mortgage bonds, CDOs
               | and synthetic CDOs squared. Margott Robbie can play
               | herself again the the explanation
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlHrSZ7BVFI
               | 
               | As with 2008, it is entirely possible that _an exchange_
               | does what it is meant to do and just happily generates
               | piles of profit for zero risk - taking a percentage of
               | every transaction a bit like ebay. Is that Banance? Or
               | maybe Gemini of Winklevoss fame?
               | 
               | No idea, CZ of binance tweets like he gets this, but who
               | know. SBF tweeted saying they had everyones money but i
               | guess the character limit means he couldnt say the whole
               | statement which really was "we have everyones money ...
               | except for 5-6billion of it"
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | > No idea, CZ of binance tweets like he gets this, but
               | who know.
               | 
               | Agreed. CZ has also posted that he intends to start
               | publishing merkle-tree proof-of-reserves [0] for Binance.
               | Definitely could be posturing, but if he follows through
               | it would definitely raise the confidence in Binance.
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://twitter.com/cz_binance/status/1590055819416330240
        
         | FormerBandmate wrote:
         | Binance has serious legal issues (governmental investigations)
         | and isn't based out of any jurisdiction. A Binance failure
         | would have consequences that are very hard to predict
        
           | from wrote:
           | Binance reminds me of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_C
           | redit_and_Commerce_In... but I don't think they're stealing
           | customer money. It is amazing that they have evaded American
           | regulators so long. I think one day they are going to disable
           | trading in dollars.
        
             | FormerBandmate wrote:
             | Honestly, I think FTX is biting off way more than they can
             | chew. They're really well-connected for the crypto
             | industry, knifing them will definitely get the attention of
             | regulators and that could blow up the entire thing. Their
             | only real asset is being perceived as too big to fail but
             | they're not exactly acting in ways that endears them to the
             | federal government
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Unless Mr CZ is on the moon, he very much is based out of
           | some jurisdiction. It just might not be extraditable to the
           | US.
        
             | ackbar03 wrote:
             | Maybe that's why he's been so supportive of musk in his
             | Twitter buyout
        
             | FormerBandmate wrote:
             | He keeps moving around. I think he's based out of Dubai
             | now, but there's been seven countries or so over the past 5
             | years
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | I'm not sure that binance has a reason to exist in the
           | current world where defi is a thing.
           | 
           | Things like Coinbase etc are your place to go if you want a
           | fiat to crypto on-ramp or off-ramp or if you want a
           | reasonably safe place to park crypto if you don't want to own
           | it yourself.
           | 
           | There are innumerable decentralized exchanges where a person
           | can be absolutely (for some definition of the word) sure that
           | the exchange won't be shutting down and taking your money
           | before you're done doing your transaction. There are L2 DEX
           | even that are approximately the same cost and same level of
           | inconvenience as something like Binance.
           | 
           | Why does it matter if Binance goes away? I'm not sure if it
           | does!
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | acjohnson55 wrote:
             | And yet, here they are, processing a huge amount of volume.
             | Their customers obviously do think they have a reason for
             | existing.
        
             | searchableguy wrote:
             | Binance is the biggest exchange by a _huge margin_. It
             | dwarfs coinbase and FTX.
             | 
             | They are also huge investors in crypto and any winding up
             | will have an impact on a significant number of companies.
             | 
             | They control a significant portion of stablecoin, defi, and
             | chain market too.
             | 
             | Their impact would be felt outside the crypto space if they
             | ever go down.
        
               | rhaway84773 wrote:
               | All the more reason for them to go down sooner rather
               | than later because they're eventually gonna go down, so
               | better now where they will have less impact outside the
               | crypto world than they would a few months or years later.
        
           | TomSwirly wrote:
           | If it's going to happen, better sooner than later.
        
             | eftychis wrote:
             | I mean we are wishing here for an economic catastrophe.
             | What am I missing?
        
               | pasttense01 wrote:
               | It's not an economic catastrophe: currently the real
               | economy is not strongly affected by what happens in the
               | crypto-economy--and we need to keep it that way!
        
               | senttoschool wrote:
               | To protect people from getting scam and to put money in
               | more efficient and productive industries.
        
         | rideontime wrote:
         | So, report back here for the same thread in a few months?
         | Who'll it be next?
        
         | warinukraine wrote:
         | Yes, because the entire space is predicated on some magic beans
         | having intrinsic value, which they don't. And then people
         | realize that magic bean number N is also worthless, everyone
         | exposed to magic bean number N goes bankrupt.
        
         | rhaway84773 wrote:
         | This is the crypto ponzi falling apart. First the smaller
         | ponzis fall apart so the larger ponzis need to step in so the
         | fact that the entire thing is one big Ponzi doesn't get fully
         | exposed.
         | 
         | The Ponzi falling and subsequent cover up by the bigger Ponzi
         | keeps going up the chain until those at the top of the Ponzi
         | food chains collapse.
         | 
         | Right now it looks like that might be Binance.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | I'm perfectly happy with that outcome as long as the taxpayer
           | isn't left holding the bag at the end.
        
       | eftychis wrote:
       | I think the title is incorrect (someone else noted too!). It
       | should be "Binance sends non-binding Letter of Intent [to buy] to
       | FTX."
       | 
       | Less sexy, more accurate.
       | 
       | Also, extremely likely they are trying to consolidate power and
       | they orchestrated this situation I'd say. This "smells" hostile
       | takeover, but in a currency setting. a) They sold FTT in a
       | "dumpy"/reevaluate its price way b) they were asked for a loan or
       | partial buy to add influx c) they sent a "we will just buy
       | you."d) They sent messages that would erode the trust to the eyes
       | of the world.
       | 
       | Rings a bell? (Spoiler: see Twitter.)
        
       | WhiteOwlEd wrote:
       | There is an interesting irony to this in that SBF had contributed
       | $38 million to PACs as part of this election cycle.
        
       | partiallypro wrote:
       | What if Binance looks under the hood (this is not a binding
       | acquisition yet) and just says it's not worth it? What happens to
       | everyone's deposit?
       | 
       | I find it ironic that the "decentralized" nature of crypto is
       | becoming more and more centralized. If FTX dies, beit via
       | acquisition or just utter collapse, Binance would be a near
       | monopoly.
        
       | alphabetting wrote:
       | September's cover of Fortune was quite the jinx
       | 
       | https://content.fortune.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/COV.W...
        
         | no_butterscotch wrote:
         | Looks like it was the "Or crash and burn" from the cover. Bad
         | move on his part.
         | 
         | I was wondering why he was throwing rescue tubes to silly
         | projects. It seemed like he had too much money.
        
         | anonu wrote:
         | I think SBF realized marketing is everything. Being the face of
         | crypto, sponsoring sports stadiums, being on the cover of a
         | widely distributed magazine, all part of the same playbook.
        
           | skippyboxedhero wrote:
           | The Superbowl ad curse.
        
             | rhaway84773 wrote:
             | Lots of crypto cokpanies that did not advertise in the
             | Super Bowl or whose founders were not profiled by Forbes or
             | Fortune have also collapsed.
        
           | actionablefiber wrote:
           | But it turns out that wasn't true. It turns out "being able
           | to cover customer withdrawals" is everything.
        
         | sytelus wrote:
         | In general, when I see someone on the cover of Fortune, I
         | expect their business's half-life to be about a year. This has
         | been very consistent because of the process of getting on the
         | cover of Fortune and kind of people who push to get on it
        
       | Elizabeh wrote:
        
       | Ptchd wrote:
       | Wasn't FTX a company bailing out other crypto companies?
        
       | moneycantbuy wrote:
       | I hope MLB umpires continue to wear the FTX logo plastered all
       | over their uniforms for the coming years.
        
       | davydog187 wrote:
       | Short explainer on the backstory
       | https://www.milkroad.com/p/binance-vs-ftx-heres-happened-wee...
        
       | seaucre wrote:
       | Would love to see Sorkin's version of the negotiation between SBF
       | and Binance.
        
       | skee8383 wrote:
        
         | returnInfinity wrote:
         | its related to tech and the valley
        
           | skee8383 wrote:
           | It's a slippery slope. i've ran a few IRC and matrix
           | channels. once the crypto people show up it all gets turned
           | into a crypto circus. they will take over this site if it's
           | allowed to continue. this site will literally be
           | indistinguishble from coindesk.
        
             | willio58 wrote:
             | Digital currency is the future even if 99% of the current
             | ones out there are scams or scam-adjacent. To ban all talk
             | about digital currency from a website all about the tech
             | industry is just silly.
        
       | caldarons wrote:
       | This piece on Alameda Research (also owner by SBF) was on HN a
       | few days ago. It might end up being quite insightful...
       | 
       | https://dirtybubblemedia.substack.com/p/is-alameda-research-...
        
         | adrr wrote:
         | Question in the article is who holds the debt? My bet is that
         | it is FTX.
        
       | 1995moz wrote:
       | Could it be that it is SBF who is playing CZ by potentially
       | involving US regulatory apparatus (CIFUS) and resulting scrutiny
       | into Binance? In the weirdo-world-of-crypto(TM), anything is
       | possible?
        
       | Bubble_Pop_22 wrote:
       | Such an amazing theatrical play.
       | 
       | So FTX is AIG and Binance gets to play the Fed.
       | 
       | What happens in the second act when Binance transitions to its
       | next role of Lehman but there is nobody to play the Fed?
        
       | eternalban wrote:
       | A friend visiting from Iran and I were discussing the current
       | wave of boycotts in Iran against companies that are controlled by
       | the regime. He related that consensus in Iran is that after a
       | certain size (or if in important sector) all companies are part
       | owned if not controlled by Sepah (IRGC - a terrorist
       | organization).
       | 
       | So while 'Nobitex' doesn't mention anything about who is running
       | it on their website, you can be certain that it is a very
       | important company as far as IRGC is concerned.
       | 
       | Which brings us to the legal question (IANAL) of how much legal
       | exposure is Binance facing here, given that the Iranian-American
       | community is gearing up to legally excise ("wipe from pages of
       | history") all elements of IR from access to US government,
       | commerce, academia, lobbies, communications, and of course
       | finance, and those who support the Islamic Republic here in USA,
       | and their terrorist IRGC will face legal consequences.
       | 
       | From Reuters:
       | 
       | "Crypto giant Binance has processed Iranian transactions with a
       | value of $8 billion since 2018 despite U.S. sanctions intended to
       | cut Iran off from the global financial system, blockchain data
       | show.
       | 
       | "Almost all the funds, some $7.8 billion, flowed between Binance
       | and Iran's largest crypto exchange, Nobitex, according to a
       | review of data from leading U.S. blockchain researcher
       | Chainalysis. Nobitex offers guidance on its website on how to
       | skirt sanctions."
       | 
       | https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/exclusive-crypto-ex...
        
       | radicaldreamer wrote:
       | It's not even binding, so Binance could take a look under the
       | hood and say no thanks. No idea whether FTX can cover withdrawals
       | at this point or what the collateral damage will be.
        
       | csomar wrote:
       | > If you are a crypto exchange and you have a liquidity crunch
       | and you cannot process withdrawals, and you don't get a bailout,
       | then your future equity value is basically zero. If you tweet to
       | all your customers "sorry we're out of money for a bit so no more
       | trading and we're going to hang on to your money, but things will
       | get better," they will not get better.
       | 
       | This is incorrect and coming from Levine, it's surprising.
       | Especially, that the crypto ecosystem had an exchange that had
       | just that (Bitfinex) and convinced users to take up the loss and
       | carry operations (I was one of them). The exchange is still
       | operating and one of the major exchanges in crypto.
       | 
       | > You don't have a ton of time to negotiate, and they don't have
       | a ton of time to do due diligence. How does the buyer know that
       | there are no huge disasters lurking on your balance sheet? They
       | don't, and they don't have much time to find out, and your
       | liquidity crunch is not an encouraging sign. You are having a
       | disaster now!
       | 
       | They probably have a good idea. Crypto balances, at least the two
       | largest, are public. And Binance is a large (largest?) exchange,
       | so they probably can make a good guess of their balance sheets.
       | 
       | > A lot of FTX's business is in perpetual futures, a leveraged
       | product, sometimes levered 20 to 1. If you are an exchange and
       | you are in this sort of business, you will need to come up with
       | the extra $100 to lend to your customer. Presumably that doesn't
       | come from your equity: You are doing some sort of borrowing,
       | perhaps from other customers, 2 perhaps from outside financing
       | sources, perhaps from your affiliated hedge fund, etc.
       | 
       | This is also incorrect. There is no borrowing in derivative
       | futures. The writer didn't really do his research.
       | 
       | This is a case of cascading margin calls, but for very big guys.
       | FTX tried to bail out some smaller guys but ended up getting
       | margin called itself. Now Binance is picking the trade which
       | carries itself a risk for getting margin called (ie: A liquidity
       | crisis inside Binance).
       | 
       | This will be the most optimistic scenario for Crypto, as it'll
       | wipe out the largest exchange that it is enabling this scam
       | industry and also changing the crypto culture (no-KYC,
       | Decentralized, Trust-less, Permission-less etc...)
        
       | dibt wrote:
       | https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX/status/1590012133307478016
       | 
       | >Note that http://FTX.us and http://Binance.us - two separate
       | companies-are not currently impacted by this. http://FTX.us
       | withdrawals are and have been live, is fully backed 1:1, and
       | operating normally.
       | 
       | I wonder if this means SBF will continue operating FTX.us as a
       | competitor to other US-based exchanges.
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | Asset custodians operate on trust. FTX has torched its trust. I
         | don't believe the US entity will be viable going forward.
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | Really seems like vindication for the US's regulatory scheme
         | that in that it keeps US customers out of these shenanigans.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | blobbers wrote:
       | Seems like a non-binding agreement. DD has not yet been done,
       | deal could fall through.
       | 
       | SBF just got Jack Ma'ed by CZ.
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | Do we have a price/valuation?
        
         | locallost wrote:
         | Likely zero if FTX is not liquid enough to process withdrawals.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | sytelus wrote:
       | Crypto had been interesting experiment. My take away is that
       | there cannot be decentralized currency or finance. Dectralization
       | does not prevent bad actors. _Someone_ with an army and authority
       | must be there to punish bad actors and keep them in check or
       | otherwise they are out to con you. The argument that people just
       | need to be smart to not get dupped does not work.
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | My takeaway is that cryptocurrencies will continue to exist
         | like the BitTorrent protocol remains used even when Netflix,
         | and all exist.
        
       | cm2012 wrote:
       | Does ETH/ConsenSys win here?
        
       | pbreit wrote:
       | The current headline "Binance Acquires FTX" is wrong. There's
       | only a "non-binding Letter of Intent" in place.
        
       | squokko wrote:
       | This entire market sector creates nothing of value: the way to
       | parse this is something like "Daniel Negreanu wins $15 billion
       | pot against Phil Ivey in non-televised hand."
        
       | hericium wrote:
       | BTW, what ever happened to Catherine Coley, CEO of Binance US?
        
       | kuratkull wrote:
       | Binance was threatening to dump a huge amount of FTT tokens on
       | the market. FTX has a big+vulnerable position in FTT. FTX asked
       | Binance to sell them the tokens for a fixed price, so as not to
       | crash the FTT token price. Binance declined - this was
       | yesterday/today. Of course the price of FTT crashed today. And
       | now Binance buys FTX to help them out... smells like Binance
       | played 4D chess all along.
       | 
       | https://decrypt.co/113674/binance-moves-to-liquidate-its-ent...
       | 
       | https://decrypt.co/113788/binance-ceo-declines-alamedas-bid-...
       | 
       | https://decrypt.co/113866/battle-crypto-titans-ends-binance-...
        
         | danrocks wrote:
         | > FTX asked Binance to sell them the tokens for a fixed price,
         | so as not to crash the FTT token price.
         | 
         | Why would Binance decline this opportunity? If FTX, Binance,
         | and the market knew FTT would just crash, it sounds like a
         | given that Binance should take advantage of the fixed price
         | instead of losing hundreds of millions of dollars "letting the
         | market decide".
        
           | colinmhayes wrote:
           | Because they wanted to create a liquidity crisis in FTX that
           | would force FTX to sell itself for a discount?
        
           | mikekoscinski wrote:
           | Presumably, it is more appealing to Binance to kill their
           | largest competitor than it is to realize a return on a
           | minority investment.
        
           | oldgradstudent wrote:
           | It depends on the fixed price offered by FTX.
           | 
           | If FTX could pay the current market price, then they could
           | have absorbed whatever Binance sold on the open market.
           | 
           | They probably offered a deep discount.
        
             | kgwgk wrote:
             | Or maybe they offered to buy it later (when?) at a price
             | fixed today - discounted or not. If they don't have
             | liquidity (why?) they cannot buy it on the market.
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | Illiquid means you can't sell your position without
               | lowering the price significantly.
               | 
               | It could be that you need time to sell, or it could be
               | that no one is stupid enough to buy it.
               | 
               | The former can be fixed with a temporary loan, the latter
               | in bankruptcy court.
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | As discussed extensively elsewhere an "exchange"
               | shouldn't be in the business of having illiquid positions
               | in the first place.
               | 
               | But here we are, and I'm not sure if FTX was offering to
               | buy with some favorable terms regarding the time of
               | settlement in addition to a discount. They could have
               | bought on the open market at the discounted price but
               | they apparently didn't...
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | pbreit wrote:
         | That sounds like 1D chess.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | gowings97 wrote:
        
           | colinmhayes wrote:
           | FTT is not a stablecoin
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | Okay, random non sequitur
           | 
           | This isnt a thread about stablecoins
        
           | andirk wrote:
           | I earned $1,200 from Gemini's stablecoin GUSD's interest last
           | year. Withdrew the extra and bought some nice pendant lights
           | for my new kitchen.
        
             | rchaud wrote:
             | I understand many did well with Bitconnect too...
        
               | andirk wrote:
               | Not a stablecoin. Bitconnect is my favorite crypto scam
               | so far! It was so obviously a scam, and the bros
               | promoting it were even dumber than that shitcoin.
               | 
               | A lot of crypto projects can appear scammy because a
               | handful of people are working on something and their
               | token goes through the roof then crashes with no
               | wrongdoing on the part of the project. Invest in
               | projects, not coins!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | microtherion wrote:
         | > Binance was threatening to dump a huge amount of FTT tokens
         | on the market. FTX has a big+vulnerable position in FTT. FTX
         | asked Binance to sell them the tokens for a fixed price, so as
         | not to crash the FTT token price. Binance declined
         | 
         | This makes absolutely no sense and is not how markets work. If
         | FTX was actually willing to buy unlimited FTT at a given price,
         | Binance could not have "crashed the price" by selling below
         | that price -- somebody would simply have bought at the Binance
         | price and sold to FTT at their price.
         | 
         | What seems more likely is that FTX extended that offer only to
         | a small portion of the tokens that Binance wanted to sell (to
         | maintain the fiction of their price).
        
           | boomerango wrote:
           | Alternatively FTX was confident they could make the purchase
           | given time, but did not have the funds on hand.
        
             | boomerango wrote:
             | Moreover, you are assuming no one else decides to sell
             | based... one could argue publicizing their plans was meant
             | to encourage just that...
        
           | norswap wrote:
           | Another problem is the bank run that this narrative created.
        
           | nimchimpsky wrote:
        
           | headsoup wrote:
           | I think maybe FTX just doesn't have the money and their bluff
           | was called
        
           | cj wrote:
           | My assumption when reading the quote was that it would be an
           | off-market transaction.
           | 
           | Similar to how stocks can be traded in Dark Pools outside of
           | the regular stock market.
        
             | SantalBlush wrote:
             | It's describing an arbitrage opportunity. If person A wants
             | to buy something for $5.00, and person B will only sell for
             | $1.00, I stand to make $4.00 per unit by simply being a
             | middleman for the transaction. Private or public markets,
             | the arbitrage opportunity remains the same.
        
             | hailwren wrote:
             | Their point is that if you have the money to buy $1.1B of
             | something off market, you should also have the money to buy
             | $1.1B of something on market. Any time someone posts an ask
             | at or below $22, you simply fill the order.
        
               | rtpg wrote:
               | beyond the fact that the dynamics of saying "we'll take
               | everything at a certain price up to $1.1B" will likely
               | lead to much more than that showing up on the market and
               | leading to a price crash anyways... I imagine that an off
               | market transaction can involve things like not sending
               | $1.1B in cash to the other person the same day.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | If you have enough assets, everything can show up, and
               | you just buy them out.
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | I think what happened is that the probably wanted to buy it
           | with their balance sheet rather than $$ which explains why
           | this is a liquidity crisis. Say they have a $2bn in value
           | (crypto, company assets, etc...); they can't place market
           | orders to buy the FTT on the open-market; but they can make
           | an off-market deal with Binance to swap these assets.
        
           | MrMan wrote:
           | FTX was not actually willing to buy, they are suffering from
           | reduced capital position so they were bluffing
        
             | oldgradstudent wrote:
             | > reduced capital position
             | 
             | Sounds like a euphemism to me.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | This is my view as to what possibly happened in last 24 hours.
         | Mind you I have no idea if its real but i am making an educated
         | guess based on my 10+ yrs seeing such events play out several
         | times.
         | 
         | 1) Alameda used FTX money and balance sheet along with using
         | $FTT to take out billions of loans and "investments" including
         | possibly customer funds to "invest" "efficiently" into risky
         | investments
         | 
         | 2) He then also used a lot of it to prop the entire market up
         | in the 1250-1350 range over months to decouple the market
         | possibly and keep $FTT above the $22 mark which was possibly a
         | margin level for his collateral.
         | 
         | 3) Market rallied and everything was fine. He is up a lot but
         | lost few between making potentially risky investments (maybe
         | shorting?), maybe options market making as that was his
         | original expertise... who knows. But he clearly lost some money
         | in there.
         | 
         | 4) Rumors spread of balance sheet shortfall. Now mind you ..
         | Alameda is a separate entity than FTX. So using FTX resources
         | for trading on Alameda is a big no no.
         | 
         | 5) CZ finds out about this. Decides to market sell his billions
         | of $FTT position. Caroline gives up her hands and says they
         | will buy at $22 which on the chart you can see has been the
         | support line time and time again so clearly that line has been
         | supported constantly..
         | 
         | 6) The market selling pushes price below $22. Entire market and
         | large players smell blood.. the moment the price goes below $22
         | the lenders market sell coins ($FTT and $SOL) for margin. This
         | results in a loop after it breaks below $22 and goes into
         | freefall with no support anymore
         | 
         | 7) With no options to get more money from lenders and having no
         | other assets to get more loans from lenders as they are already
         | selling his assets, SBF goes to CZ and asks to bail out FTX as
         | there is a big hole that cannot be filled anymore. CZ probably
         | decided to take over FTX and said to SBF you have to either
         | stop gap some of the fills from selling your assets since you
         | did things wit the balance sheet and customer money you weren't
         | supposed to. He probably said he will bail out FTX but NOT
         | Alameda. Sam then either market sold everything he had...OR the
         | lenders... Sam went to the lenders and said I am defaulting on
         | my loans...So the lenders just market sold all the collateral.
         | I think its most likely Sam said he is going to default on the
         | loans and they market sold.
         | 
         | IF the lenders recouped 70-80% then i think its fine.
         | 
         | IF the lenders WERE NOT able to recoup and will have to take a
         | write off on the loans.. we have issues. That part I am unsure
         | about. IF a large lender goes under... then there is further
         | contagion. The market selling off coins so quickly triggered
         | probably more liquidations.
         | 
         | WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? We have seen bigger black swan events
         | like in crypto past. All new concepts have days weeks like
         | this. Stocks had it, banks had it and crypto has had it few
         | times. There will always be new smart people to push growth and
         | take over.
         | 
         | When 3AC went bust, we got to $800 on $ETH. We rebounded to 2k
         | in time. That was close to 17-18bn. This is smaller. in time...
         | we will be back. Not sure when.. but eventually it all comes
         | back. Market is cyclical end of the day.
        
           | jl2718 wrote:
           | One missing piece: $1B BTC being auctioned by the IRS soon.
           | This is such a big number that it will almost certainly be
           | bought at a discount by an arbitrageur and liquidated on the
           | market, so this was the impetus for the broad-market crash
           | that killed their leveraged positions.
        
             | chrischattin wrote:
             | The 24hr BTC volume on Coinbase alone was $126B. The feds
             | selling $1B won't make much of a dent.
        
               | naveen99 wrote:
               | Not on coinbase alone. Coin market cap shows same volume
               | globally
        
               | chrischattin wrote:
               | Ah yes. You are correct.
        
         | ww520 wrote:
         | Isn't FTT like FTX's own issuing tokens? It's like printing
         | one's own money. But when the backing firm fails, the printed
         | money is worthless, just like what LUNA issued by Terra had
         | become.
        
           | kuratkull wrote:
           | Yeah. I can't be bothered to verify, but i remember that
           | Binance has a huge double-digit percentage of all FTT tokens
           | in circulation. Dumping all of them would crash the tokens
           | value. And since this is FTX's own token, they would hurt a
           | lot, maybe even terminally.
        
           | miohtama wrote:
           | It only matters if FTX was using FTT as a collateral for
           | accounting purposes for a valuation that is not realistic
           | considering the liquidity of a position size.
        
             | potatototoo99 wrote:
             | And of course they were, what else would they keep it
             | pumped up for.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ww520 wrote:
           | Just went over the issues on the balance sheet of Alameda
           | Research, which is SBF's trading company.
           | 
           | Of the $14.6 billion assets Alameda manages, almost $6
           | billion is FTT based. Alameda has heavy investment in Solana,
           | Serum, and other alt-coins. It looks like the drop in their
           | value has lowered Alameda's asset balance. Alameda borrowed
           | FTT tokens from FTX to put them as assets in the balance
           | sheet to shore it up. The size of the asset balance is
           | probably used to obtain loans and liquidity.
           | 
           | FTX issues FTT tokens (print money) => lends to Alameda to
           | put under the asset balance => Alameda borrows money from
           | outside against its assets or uses the asset/coins to invest
           | in others => win with thin air!
           | 
           | The crashing of the FTT token not only tanked FTX, it's going
           | to tank Alameda Research as well since its asset balance
           | suddenly shrunk and might have liquidity problem.
           | 
           | The tanking of Alameda is going to another Three Arrow
           | Capital event since Alameda invests in lots of other cryptos.
           | It might be forced to liquidated those investments. Expect
           | another bloodbath in the crypto space.
        
             | johnvanommen wrote:
             | > FTX issues FTT tokens (print money) => lends to Alameda
             | to put under the asset balance => Alameda borrows money
             | from outside against its assets or uses the asset/coins to
             | invest in others => win with thin air!
             | 
             | The Federal Reserve issues US dollars (print money) => US
             | Treasury borrows money from The Federal Reserve, Japan,
             | China and the UK against its assets or uses the asset/coins
             | to invest in others => win with thin air!
        
               | ackbar03 wrote:
               | This is actually... extremely apt. It is commonly
               | referred to technically as the dollars exhorbitant
               | privilege. It would seem FTX managed to exploit this
               | phenomenon on a micro scale. Until it didn't of course
               | lol
        
               | presentation wrote:
               | Yeah but the US can destroy you diplomatically,
               | militarily, and economically if you try anything funny.
        
               | johnvanommen wrote:
               | Of course! That's why it's so important for the US to
               | encourage the use of the USD on a global basis, and also
               | spend billions on the US Navy.
        
               | phatfish wrote:
               | > The Federal Reserve issues US dollars (print money) =>
               | US Treasury borrows money from The Federal Reserve,
               | Japan, China and the UK against its assets or uses the
               | asset/coins to invest in others => win with thin air!
               | 
               | Win with the largest military in the world and all
               | tangible assets and influence the US has.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | Ultimately the fiscal operations of the U.S. government
               | are backed by the total assets of the U.S. (public and
               | private), which are far larger.
        
             | WheelNoHamster wrote:
             | > Of the $14.6 billion assets Alameda manages, almost $6
             | billion is FTT based.
             | 
             | When that info was seemingly accidentally revealed, the
             | spicy little nugget in there that made people sit up &
             | notice was that the entire market cap of FTT tokens was
             | well below the reported asset value of the tokens on the
             | balance sheet.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | > The size of the asset balance is probably used to obtain
             | loans and liquidity.
             | 
             | 1) Lenders don't care about the liability side?
             | 
             | 2) How does "liquidity" differ from "loans" here? That is,
             | when would they do this to achieve one but not the other?
        
               | ww520 wrote:
               | 1. We don't know what the lending basis for FTT from FTX
               | vs the claimed value of FTT on Alameda's book. FTX lent
               | FTT at $10 to Alameda and then FTT inflated to $50 would
               | mean Alameda has $50 asset vs $10 liability.
               | 
               | It's reported that Alameda Research has $14.6 billion in
               | assets and $8 billion in liabilities. Some claim that
               | Alameda's assets are "entirely illiquid." Nobody knows
               | how bad things are. The only thing is that FTX has
               | stopped the withdraws.
               | 
               | 2. Loans for long term and liquidity for short term? Like
               | overnight lending.
               | 
               | Edit: add more info.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | 1) What is that replying to? I was asking why the
               | borrowed FTT would make them more capable of getting
               | loans if it came with a corresponding liability. That
               | would only make sense if lenders didn't care about the
               | liability balance sheet, which is ... non standard.
               | 
               | Edit: That is, you said the "size of the asset balance"
               | is used to obtain loans. That makes it sound like merely
               | increasing assets -- even if they come with liabilities,
               | makes them more capable of getting loans.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | nl wrote:
               | There are DeFi protocols where you can lock-up crypto
               | assets (eg FTT) and use those locked assets as collateral
               | to borrow another crypto asset (eg ETH). That all happens
               | "on chain" and there is no way for the protocol to know
               | if there are corresponding balance sheet liabilities.
               | 
               | I don't know what the OP was referring to, and I don't
               | know if this is what they were doing, but something like
               | this could happen.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Right, but those are generally going to be on worse terms
               | than you can get in a negotiated loan from someone who
               | knows your entire business. So it doesn't make much sense
               | to negotiate an FTT loan and then use that as collateral
               | for a less-informed loan from a smart contract.
               | 
               | It would be like getting a personal loan from a bank,
               | buying jewelry with it, and then using the jewelry to get
               | a pawn loan -- a dubious strategy, since the terms on the
               | first loan are going to be much better.
        
           | jimcavel888 wrote:
        
           | eru wrote:
           | Do keep in mind that there's a difference between liquidity
           | and insolvency.
        
         | gz5 wrote:
         | Seems more like a classic run on the bank. Made worse because:
         | 
         | + the bank (FTX) was likely massively over leveraged
         | 
         | + the bank's primary assets were likely not very liquid
         | 
         | Both of above are speculation. However, why else be forced to
         | sell (1) to Binance?
         | 
         | (1) Matt Levine makes his usual solid argument as to why the
         | price was likely zero, other than cashing out FTX debt:
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/authors/ARbTQlRLRjE/matthe...
        
         | purple_ferret wrote:
         | Binance continues to amaze.
         | 
         | Does anyone even know where it operates out of these days?
        
           | danrocks wrote:
           | They have a lot of positions open at their Singapore and Hong
           | Kong... offices?
        
           | FormerBandmate wrote:
           | They said they'd announce it shortly in July
           | (https://decrypt.co/105376/where-is-binance-hq-ceo-cz-says-
           | co...). Since then, nothing
           | 
           | They got regulatory approval to operate in Dubai and have
           | offices there, so maybe there
           | (https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/09/20/binance-
           | secures-l...)
        
           | tommek4077 wrote:
           | The fabric of the internet.
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | There is a pool of capital that pays people working for them
           | onchain. They can also do fiat via local subsidiaries, and
           | local contracts for compliance and litigation.
           | 
           | It's almost like it doesn't matter.
           | 
           | For accountability, it barely matters. For financial products
           | they offer, it also barely matters. Most jurisdictions are
           | too small to say anything and all their customers can
           | circumvent any geo-restriction. They have distinct
           | subsidiaries in major markets like USA.
        
         | ForHackernews wrote:
         | > smells like Binance played 4D chess all along
         | 
         | It's not really "4D chess" to screw over your competitor to
         | corner the market.
         | 
         | That's like, business 101.
        
           | rchaud wrote:
           | Business 101 is buy low, sell high.
           | 
           | Winning an evenly matched game of prisoner's dilemma with
           | billions at stake is about as close to 4D chess there is.
        
             | Nomentatus wrote:
             | Buy low esteem, sell high esteem - the concept comes from
             | Hetty Green (long ago billionaire.)
        
           | wesapien wrote:
           | I'm not too familiar but can you elaborate on how the
           | screwing happened.
        
             | ForHackernews wrote:
             | CZ tweeted "Oh shit, FTX is basically insolvent, we're
             | gonna have to dump all our FTT magic beans!" or words to
             | that effect.
             | 
             | Then, when FTX predictably tanked, he stepped in and
             | generously offered to buy out FTX.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Same thing Soros did to the Bank of England's fake pound.
        
           | gpderetta wrote:
           | Market manipulation is not exactly business 101.
        
             | eru wrote:
             | I'm not sure this is market manipulation?
        
               | gpderetta wrote:
               | Depends on the intention I guess. They might have been
               | genuinely worried that the token was going to crash and
               | also didn't trust the counterparty to be able to pay for
               | it. In this case it would have been a genuinely
               | legitimate transaction.
               | 
               | But if dumping the whole stock was done with the
               | intention, even partial, to crash the price, then it
               | seems to me that it would be manipulation. Of course
               | crypto is unregulated, so it wouldn't be illegal.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Typically you don't expect Bank of America and Chase to do
           | this to each other.
        
             | hprotagonist wrote:
             | ...anymore.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | Porsche and Volkswagen did.
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | This doesn't sound like very complicated chess. Sounds like
         | those Hong Kong TV shows I watched when I was 13
        
           | danrocks wrote:
           | Having lived in Hong Kong and watched some of these old
           | shows, I concur.
        
             | kranke155 wrote:
             | Please share!
        
           | kranke155 wrote:
           | Please share these TV shows so we can all watch them and
           | learn.
        
             | acchow wrote:
             | I don't even know where to begin looking for this. I have
             | zero ability to read chinese, although I can understand it
             | verbally :P
        
             | spacehunt wrote:
             | The seminal HK show about the stock market would be The
             | Greed of Man (Da Shi Dai ) [1]. It's 30 years old, but
             | classic scenes in it are still used in memes even today.
             | 
             | Edit: I totally forgot to mention the "Ting Hai Effect"!
             | [2] Wikipedia has a great summary which I'll just quote
             | here:
             | 
             | > The Ting Hai effect, also known as the Adam Cheng effect,
             | is a stock market phenomenon in which there is a sudden and
             | unexplained drop in the stock market whenever a film or a
             | television series starring Hong Kong actor Adam Cheng is
             | released. It still remains as a popular topic among stock
             | brokers, years after the television drama The Greed of Man
             | was broadcast in Hong Kong in late 1992. The effect is
             | named after Ting Hai, the primary antagonist in the drama,
             | who was portrayed by Cheng.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0843185/
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ting_Hai_effect
        
         | mekster wrote:
         | Conspiracy theory was expected but Alameda was spotted to have
         | smoke up a week earlier.
         | 
         | https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/02/divisions-in-sa...
         | 
         | CZ sounds smart to withdraw quickly not to be the one in a
         | sinking boat and it did sink quickly.
        
         | sytelus wrote:
         | FTX should never been in this position. They are an _exchange_.
         | Nobody should be able to obliterate them by playing around with
         | their crypto.
        
           | neural_thing wrote:
           | Hard agree. While Binance prompted the downfall, FTX created
           | all the conditions for it by playing fast and loose with its
           | clients' money.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ww520 wrote:
           | They are an exchange that allows future trading and margin
           | trading which require borrowing money/assets/coins. The FTT
           | tokens were probably put up as collateral for loans. The drop
           | of the FTT value probably triggers calls on those loans. Thus
           | the liquidity crisis.
        
             | ww520 wrote:
             | Ok. To settle once for all whether FTX is an exchange or
             | not. Below are the services they offer.
             | 
             | Futures: ... with margins of up to 101x.
             | 
             | Leveraged Tokens: ... up to three times the leverage. ...
             | the leveraged coins offered by FTX _don't require any
             | margin_.
             | 
             | Options: (standardish).
             | 
             | MOVE: ... wager on the price movement ... a play on
             | volatility.
             | 
             | Spot Markets: ... more than 100 different spot trading
             | pairs.
        
               | wklm wrote:
               | It's fine for a trading venue to list all these
               | derivatives, the problem in this case is that the venue
               | and issuer are the same entity. In the trad finance world
               | this is strictly separated.
        
             | STRML wrote:
             | It shouldn't work this way. Customer funds should be
             | segregated from whatever prop trading the rest of the
             | business is doing.
             | 
             | The only way this happens is if the prop trading business
             | is over-leveraged somehow and the exchange bailed it out
             | with FTT.
             | 
             | Customer deposits should meet liabilities 1:1. If they
             | don't, somebody is lying.
        
               | barry-cotter wrote:
               | > Customer deposits should meet liabilities 1:1. If they
               | don't, somebody is lying.
               | 
               | That's not how banking works. You hold illiquid assets.
               | Sometimes they move in price. If they move enough in
               | price you're insolvent. Limiting bank runs is a genuinely
               | hard problem.
        
               | zeven7 wrote:
               | Exchanges aren't banks, and crypto exchanges especially
               | shouldn't be banks. Crypto _is_ liquid and can be
               | redeemed in its own denomination instantly if you hold it
               | in a simple wallet. That 's what exchanges _should_ be
               | doing. They shouldn 't be doing fractional reserve
               | banking, and a run shouldn't be possible. Preventing runs
               | on a crypto exchange is exceedingly easy if the operators
               | aren't taking risks with client funds.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Well, it seems the word 'exchange' in this case is used
               | with a different meaning when applied to FTX than the
               | meaning you have in mind.
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | Which is exactly the problem.
               | 
               | This should be illegal, and people who do this should go
               | to jail.
               | 
               | Customer funds should be 1 to 1 backed with assets.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | As long as noone is being lied to, I don't see any
               | problems.
               | 
               | Case A, tell your customers that their funds have asset
               | backing, and have asset backing: fine.
               | 
               | Case B: tell your customers that their funds have no
               | asset backing, and have no asset backing: fine. (Those
               | customers deserve what they get.)
               | 
               | Case C: tell your customers nothing, and do whatever you
               | feel like: fine. (Those customers deserve what they get.)
               | 
               | Case D: tell your customers that their funds have asset
               | back, and have no asset backing: bad.
        
               | stripedfish7 wrote:
               | Except none of these 4 cases happened with FTX.
               | 
               | SBF claimed that assets WERE backed, while it appears
               | that they were not.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | That would be case D, wouldn't it be?
        
               | HelloNurse wrote:
               | Assets backed with lies and cryptobullshit. At least
               | someone has had a learning opportunity.
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | > As long as noone is being lied to
               | 
               | That is exactly what is happening. There is lots of lies
               | being told, with no transparency, and then people's money
               | disappears.
               | 
               | Instead of that, if people money disappears, we should
               | arrest the people who made it disappear.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | No argument from me there. I was just narrowly addressing
               | the point in stale2002's comment.
               | 
               | Though to be honest, it is well known that the long term
               | fate of any crypto exchange is to go bust. So no one
               | could really claim that they didn't know it was coming.
               | 
               | Crypto is glorified gambling. (At least so far. In
               | principle, crypto can mature over time into something
               | more serious.)
        
               | headsoup wrote:
               | I don't think it can, because all those serious things
               | already exist and require the kinds of governance that
               | the crypto promise rails against.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | In _theory_ the eventual steady state of crypto is a
               | fully debugged and tested perfect software system that is
               | not exploitable.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | zeven7 wrote:
               | Case D is what we are seeing over and over again,
               | including this circumstance
        
               | eru wrote:
               | No argument from me there. I was just narrowly addressing
               | the point in stale2002's comment.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | B and C are perfectly fair game for a government to
               | attempt to prevent, regulate, and prosecute in my book.
               | 
               | I don't think anyone has an inherent right to take
               | advantage of people's ignorance solely for their own
               | profit even if those people "deserve what they get." We
               | make plenty of other ways of abusing people illegal, why
               | allow that one?
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | As a taxpayer I don't want to see any government
               | resources wasted on protecting greedy, stupid
               | cryptocurrency "investors" from their own bad decisions.
               | They deserve what they get and their losses will serve as
               | a useful example to others.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | I agree that if voters want to outlaw B and C, that's
               | their prerogative. I don't see any moral imperative for
               | that action, though.
               | 
               | My formulation of 'deserve what they get' was perhaps a
               | bit snarky.
               | 
               | There are good reasons for people to invest in risky
               | ventures. Eg when you invest in a startup, you might be
               | able to get your money back, if you ask nicely, but
               | there's no guarantee, and there's not necessarily any
               | liquid assets backing your funds.
               | 
               | I think investing in risky assets should be legal.
               | 
               | I also think that it should be legal for people to invest
               | in assets that have no official classification into
               | whether they are risky or not. Ie when the company taking
               | your funds makes no claims (as in C), in practice the
               | customers should assume the worst.
               | 
               | If you want to forbid C, alas, that leads to a lot of
               | bureaucracy. Because you have to define what an adequate
               | level of disclosure looks like. And then there will be
               | lots of paperwork.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | c-baby wrote:
             | That's called picking up pennies in front of a steam
             | roller.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | Your margin account should be immediately liquidated and
             | your positions closed if the value of your collateral drops
             | below your outstanding obligations.
        
             | swyx wrote:
             | that makes FTX a "shadow bank", not merely an exchange.
        
               | ironick09 wrote:
               | It makes them a brokerage, doesn't it? Not a shadow bank.
        
               | sytelus wrote:
               | It's worse than "shadow bank". It's bank who is allowed
               | to print money at its whims and create any arbitrary
               | leverage it wants.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Well, that's what the 'shadow' in 'shadow bank' means:
               | less/different regulation than a normal bank.
               | 
               | That's not necessarily a bad thing, btw.
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | Where's the "bank" in this "shadow bank"? You're
               | describing a casino with a money printer.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | "Shadow banks" aren't necessarily "banks". See
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_banking_system
               | 
               | > The shadow banking system is a term for the collection
               | of non-bank financial intermediaries (NBFIs) that provide
               | services similar to traditional commercial banks but
               | outside normal banking regulations.[1] Examples of NBFIs
               | include insurance firms, pawn shops, cashier's check
               | issuers, check cashing locations, payday lending,
               | currency exchanges, and microloan organizations.[2][3]
               | The phrase "shadow banking" is regarded by some as
               | pejorative, and the term "market-based finance" has been
               | proposed as an alternative.[4]
        
               | headsoup wrote:
               | You're moving the goalposts a bit there
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | What would you say a non shadow bank is? "Money printing"
               | is "just" a reserve ratio near or less than 0.
        
             | vishnugupta wrote:
             | You are referring to liquidity providers and market maker;
             | they provide the liquidity (in the form of loans for margin
             | trading, among other things), take risk in exchange for
             | market making fee.
             | 
             | An exchange on the other hand is facilitating trades by
             | matching buyers with sellers. At least that's how it works
             | in stock markets. Even if NASDAQ were to become a market
             | maker they would have to spin a separate entity, bring
             | their own funds to provide liquidity. Even then I don't
             | know if it's allowed by regulation.
        
               | HolyLampshade wrote:
               | > Even then I don't know if it's allowed by regulation
               | 
               | It isn't, precisely for this reason. The US Equity and
               | Equity Derivative markets have tried a few times to get
               | approval for initiatives using their already existing BDs
               | (to facilitate inter-market order routing), and in every
               | case it's been blocked by the regulators as too risky to
               | the underlying business.
               | 
               | The issue here has more to do with the lack of a
               | centralized C&S clearing house in crypto, and is one of
               | the reasons counterparty risk remains such a massive
               | issue there. Having to maintain an account at each
               | exchange, much like you would a BD, and praying things
               | don't suddenly go pear shaped, strikes me as insane (and
               | is one of the primary reasons I've avoided getting
               | involved in the crypto space)
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | But the free market dictated that they do because that's
           | exactly the downside of their use of a crypto coin.
           | 
           | How many exchanges will need to go under for the market to
           | decide that isn't a great way to operate one? How much
           | educating of users/customers will it take?
        
           | vishnugupta wrote:
           | I was having this exact conversation with my friends y'day.
           | An exchange marketplace shouldn't be in this position
           | _unless_ they are also participating in the market directly
           | or indirectly through funds, their own and the customers '
           | funds.
           | 
           | Customers' assets (either crypto or fiat/USD) should be
           | backed 1:1. The only reason for FTX to pause withdrawals and
           | then assure investors that their money is safe is a sign that
           | they are using customers' assets/funds to participate in the
           | market.
           | 
           | How long before SEC/regulators wake up and regulate these
           | shadow-banks disguised as exchanges as other exchanges?
        
             | MrPatan wrote:
             | > How long before SEC/regulators wake up and regulate these
             | shadow-banks disguised as exchanges as other exchanges?
             | 
             | Very long in this case, as SBF was the biggest donor to the
             | Biden campaign.
             | 
             | Last few weeks he was even trying to involve himself in
             | writing the regulations he wanted, trying to kill DeFi and
             | make it comfy for himself against other CEXes, no doubt.
             | 
             | Some people say that's what triggered CZ to act.
             | 
             | And now the whole of FTX and $8 buys you a mosquito net,
             | what a world.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | Do you have a source for the Biden funding remark? Open
               | secrets suggests about 11M in donations came from SBF
               | controlled entities but that's pretty far down the list.
               | The top contributions were from Bloomberg at 93M.
               | 
               | Those are for company controlled pacs as well, so not
               | just SBF.
               | 
               | For individuals the best info I could find doesn't list
               | SBF as a major donor.
               | 
               | https://www.opensecrets.org/2020-presidential-race/joe-
               | biden...
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _having this exact conversation with my friends y 'day_
             | 
             | There is a strong, vested interest in portraying FTX's
             | collapse as a one off. Binance doing them dirty doesn't
             | cast a pall across the industry. Fundamental problems,
             | likely replicated systemically, does.
        
             | seanhunter wrote:
             | > An exchange marketplace shouldn't be in this position
             | unless they are also participating in the market directly
             | or indirectly through funds, their own and the customers'
             | funds.
             | 
             | Yes, although the limitation with this line of thinking is
             | that in most market-related activities (including running
             | an exchange) it's hard not to be structurally long the
             | market in various important ways. For example as an
             | exchange your commissions are going to be highly correlated
             | with market activity and may also be per unit in some cases
             | and so would be directly correlated with market prices in
             | that case.
             | 
             | As a second-order effect, customers' trading limits are
             | going to be affected as prices fluctuate even if you don't
             | directly offer margin yourself, because not only does the
             | value of the thing they've deposited with you change and
             | therefore affect how much other stuff they can sell this
             | for but also they may have made that deposit by pledging
             | collateral elsewhere and borrowing against that to create
             | margin so that margin loan will be affected.
             | 
             | You can definitely try harder to avoid the problem than FTX
             | though which seems to have been pretty much all-in on it's
             | own illiquid token (FTT) and Alameda using leverage on FTT
             | as their main source of funding. One of the things I
             | learned at Goldman during the crisis is that you can't rely
             | on a mark for anything illiquid - you have to have a real
             | liquid market price.
        
             | ugh123 wrote:
             | Sounds like a crypto ponzi scheme
        
           | helsinkiandrew wrote:
           | They're more a brokerage than an exchange - you can buy
           | Bitcoin and Eth leaveraged at 20-1 through their perpetual
           | futures. Whilst these are presumably hedged - FTX are still
           | taking on risk.
           | 
           | https://ftx.com/markets/futures
           | 
           | https://help.ftx.com/hc/en-
           | us/articles/360024780511-Futures-...
        
       | ucha wrote:
       | SBF said "We don't invest client assets (even in treasuries)".
       | [0]
       | 
       | He then says the purpose of the transaction with Binance is to
       | "clear out the liquidity crunches". [1]
       | 
       | How could there be a liquidity crunch if assets are not invested?
       | You can't do a bank run on an entity that doesn't function as a
       | bank and doesn't invest clients assets... Something is shifty.
       | 
       | [0] https://twitter.com/sbf_ftx/status/1589598285798707202
       | 
       | [1] https://twitter.com/sbf_ftx/status/1590012126701441025
        
         | nl wrote:
         | The linked article addresses this:
         | 
         | > Why was there a liquidity crunch in the first place? A crypto
         | exchange is a weird sort of business, in many ways more like a
         | brokerage than a traditional exchange.
         | 
         | > A lot of FTX's business is in perpetual futures, a leveraged
         | product, sometimes levered 20 to 1. If you are an exchange and
         | you are in this sort of business, you will need to come up with
         | the extra $100 to lend to your customer. Presumably that
         | doesn't come from your equity: You are doing some sort of
         | borrowing, perhaps from other customers, [2] perhaps from
         | outside financing sources, perhaps from your affiliated hedge
         | fund, etc. You will have some customers who owe you money, and
         | others whom you owe money. You will be like a bank. If everyone
         | to whom you owe money demands their money back at once, you
         | will need to get the money back from the ones who owe you
         | money, which might be hard. (You might not have a contractual
         | right to demand the money back right away, or it might be rude
         | and bad for business, or you might have to liquidate them to
         | get the money back and that would blow up the value of your
         | collateral.) In broad strokes this is a reasonable description
         | of what happened to Bear Stearns, a brokerage that financed its
         | customers' positions.
         | 
         | [2] (footnote in original article): Effectively a perpetual
         | future involves you borrowing from and lending to your customer
         | in offsetting ways: If the price goes up, you owe money to the
         | long and the short owes money to you. If the short doesn't pay
         | you, then you still owe money to the long.
        
         | dbreunig wrote:
         | You mean the guy who said he named his other co "Alameda
         | Research" so it wouldn't sound like a bank, even though it
         | basically is, might be shifty?
        
           | carnitine wrote:
           | How is a prop crypto firm a bank? Laughable
        
         | ramish94 wrote:
         | Welcome to the world of unregulated finance.
         | 
         | There's a reason the FDIC exists and all banks must be insured.
        
           | miohtama wrote:
           | Note that FTX.us is regulated under some US licenses and is
           | unaffected. What was blown up was FTX.com operation that is
           | licensed and regulated in Bahamas.
           | 
           | [insert coconut meme.gif here]
        
           | hi5eyes wrote:
        
             | w1nst0nsm1th wrote:
             | I did not comment but I have some insight on regular
             | finance and took a Udemy course on building your own
             | crypto...
             | 
             | And I came to the conclusion that SBF is a crook and the
             | whole crypto space is build on thin air.
        
               | hi5eyes wrote:
               | congrats on needing to take an entire course to come to
               | that conclusion?
        
               | w1nst0nsm1th wrote:
               | Well, at least, I knew concretly what it was about (i
               | mean the code is more expressive than a random tl;dr of a
               | white paper).
               | 
               | Beside, It's more the remembering of the unfolding of the
               | Subprime crisis and the financial books I read back then
               | that raised the red flag.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | This has nothing to do with defi. This is purely centralized
           | entity shenanigans.
        
           | ChainNet wrote:
           | There's nothing decentralized about FTX or Binance. They
           | operate in an opaque manner like any traditional business,
           | transparency comes from forced audits & regulation.
           | 
           | Decentralized finance is built on chain where all assets are
           | publicly auditable at all times.
           | 
           | EDIT: parent comment talked about decentralized finance, then
           | edited to remove mentions of defi
        
             | three_seagrass wrote:
             | Even without the edit, your response feels like a no-true-
             | scotsman
             | 
             | i.e. an attempt to remove bad actors who deal in
             | decentralized cryptocurrencies from the purity that is
             | defi.
             | 
             | What are some large, successful defi organizations today?
        
               | null0pointer wrote:
               | I don't see at all how you can say calling out literally
               | centralized companies as "not-decentralized" is no-true-
               | scotsman. It's just an obvious fact.
               | 
               | > What are some large, successful defi organizations
               | today?
               | 
               | In my opinion, if there is an organization behind it then
               | it is, by definition, not decentralized. Yes, even the
               | ones that operate fully on-chain.
        
               | three_seagrass wrote:
               | >literally centralized companies as "not-decentralized"
               | 
               | So defi is only 100% decentralized _everything_ , even if
               | the financial tools are decentralized? That feels like an
               | appeal to purity if ever there were one.
        
               | null0pointer wrote:
               | Ok, my previous comment is a bit unclear about what I
               | mean. In my opinion if there is a group of people, other
               | than the participants themselves, who can control the
               | operation of the financial service then it is not
               | decentralized. There can absolutely be an organization
               | that builds the service, but participants should not be
               | forced to adopt updates and should be free to transfer
               | their entire balance to any other service at any time.
               | 
               | I realize I'm on the fringe a bit with this but I think
               | it's not because I have an extreme idea of what defi is,
               | it's that there have been so many grifters in the last 5
               | or so years that have used the buzzword "defi" to sell
               | their shitty reincarnation of long-outlawed shady
               | centralized financial schemes as something revolutionary
               | that it's shifted the public perception of the term. I'd
               | even agree with you that it's an appeal to purity.
        
               | potatototoo99 wrote:
               | Tornado Cash is pretty successful.
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | not sure about this one.
        
               | sperm wrote:
               | Uniswap. Large in terms of volume, not org size.
        
               | ChainNet wrote:
               | Uniswap, Curve DAO, AAVE, Compound, Lido, MakerDAO...
        
           | kolbe wrote:
           | The FDIC is just a ruse to let "useful idiots" think that
           | everything is okay. In reality, the FDIC charges banks 90%
           | less than the actuarial value of the risk they take on, and
           | banks make wildly risky loans/bets all the time, knowing it's
           | "heads I win, tails the taxpayer loses."
           | 
           | Insofar as you can call US Finance any better than crypto,
           | it's because of socialized losses. IMO, bank failures are a
           | much more appropriate solution.
        
             | lottin wrote:
             | What is the 'actuarial value' of the risk a bank takes on?
        
               | kolbe wrote:
               | I can tell you a bank like say JP Morgan Chase, who is
               | charged 5bp a year (i.e. 5 cents for every $100 dollars),
               | has a much higher chance of catastrophic failure than 1
               | in 2000. Many banks just like them fail every few
               | decades, and it was generous of me to only say they're
               | undercharged by 90% (i.e. 1 in 200 odds), when the
               | reality is probably more within a range like 1 in 20 to 1
               | in 100.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | So you're making this numbers up? If banks are being
               | undercharged, the insurer will be incurring losses. It's
               | as simple as that.
        
               | areyousure wrote:
               | In case anyone is curious, here is what some of my
               | research has found:
               | 
               | The empirical rate of bank failure in the last couple
               | decades has been slightly over 1 in 250 banks per year
               | (that is, ~0.4%/bank/year, or "40 basis points"). This is
               | from these two sources:
               | https://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/bank/ says that on
               | average 27.3 banks per year have failed, while https://ba
               | nks.data.fdic.gov/explore/historical?displayFields...
               | says that there have been ~6500 banks covered. (I think
               | that the probability of a massive bank failure is in fact
               | higher than the empirical rate, due to the tail risk of
               | catastrophic failures.)
               | 
               | I have not been able to find what rates JP Morgan Chase
               | pays for their deposit insurance, but I think this page
               | https://www.fdic.gov/deposit/insurance/historical.html
               | suggests that the rate is between 1.5 and 40 basis points
               | per year. Some other sources I've found do suggest that
               | the average rate is around 5 bps/year.
               | 
               | Already we see that the empirical failure rate is higher
               | than the assessment rate. (Although note that the
               | probability was not weighted by dollars, whereas the rate
               | is.) This is perhaps surprising, because the FDIC claims
               | that "The FDIC receives no Congressional appropriations -
               | it is funded by premiums that banks and savings
               | associations pay for deposit insurance coverage."
               | https://www.fdic.gov/about/what-we-do/index.html Perhaps
               | this is part of the point of this comment I am replying
               | to.
               | 
               | But indeed, we find that historically the FDIC's Deposit
               | Insurance Fund has gone negative multiple times:
               | https://www.aba.com/news-research/research-analysis/fdic-
               | cap... https://www.fdic.gov/deposit/insurance/assuringcon
               | fidence.pd... Historically, in such a situation, the FDIC
               | is able to borrow from the federal government. It has
               | done so in 1990, while in 2008 it did other maneuvers
               | that similarly show that the rate is insufficient.
               | 
               | As a result, it's plausible to predict: (a) the deposit
               | insurance fund might go negative again (ie, the insurance
               | rate is incorrect), (b) the deposit insurance fund will
               | definitely go negative in a situation like the S&L crisis
               | or the 2008 financial crisis (thus requiring tricks like
               | the borrowing mentioned above), and (c) in the event of a
               | more catastrophic failure, the insurance fund will go so
               | far negative that it might be explicitly bailed out by
               | the broader federal government.
        
               | kolbe wrote:
               | The insurer is the United States government. They take
               | losses on things all the time. It's called "socialized
               | losses." I referred to it before, and it sounds like you
               | don't even understand these finance 101 (or even basic
               | high school civics) topics, so why are you insulting
               | anyone?
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | The insurer is a corporation with its own financial
               | statements, so it's pretty easy to see if it's operating
               | at a loss (and thus subsidising the banking industry) or
               | at a profit (not subsidising it). I guess you didn't know
               | that either.
        
               | Sholmesy wrote:
               | > who is charged 5bp a year (i.e. 5 cents for every $100
               | dollars)
               | 
               | Am I crazy or would 5 basis points be 0.05 cents (1/100th
               | of a percent)
        
         | shapefrog wrote:
         | 12:38 PM * Nov 7, 2022 2) FTX has enough to cover all client
         | holdings. [0]
         | 
         | 4:03 PM * Nov 8, 2022 2) Our teams are working on clearing out
         | the withdrawal backlog as is. This will clear out liquidity
         | crunches; all assets will be covered 1:1. This is one of the
         | main reasons we've asked Binance to come in. [1]
         | 
         | has enough to cover all client holdings ---> not enough to
         | cover all client holding in 24 hours. Either they _lost_ a
         | billion or so dollars of client segregated funds in a day down
         | the back of the sofa or it was a lie the whole time.
        
           | xs83 wrote:
           | >>Our teams are working on clearing out the withdrawal
           | backlog as is
           | 
           | The "as is" worries me here
        
           | eftychis wrote:
           | As other people said, usually a lot of assets are illiquid in
           | 24 hours. You can say I have money to buy this house, but if
           | I ask you for the money the next 24 hours, most people will
           | say they need more time to liquidate.
           | 
           | It is actually irresponsible to the users (risk management
           | wise) to be keeping all that cash in hand 24/7. The easiest
           | bad case example: are you keeping all your savings under your
           | mattress?
           | 
           | Edit/to commenters below: I understand there are emotions,
           | but that's simply how things work. As other fellow commenters
           | noted, banks do not keep or even promise they do keep your
           | money($) under their "mattress."
           | 
           | Say you deposited in EUR. The exchange and everyone borrows
           | in USD, so your EUR become USD -- no way out of it. EUR goes
           | down, and then there is a bank run. Even if as the bank were
           | irresponsible and kept 100% liquid, they can not serve
           | everyone 1:1 in 24h. Nobody can give you that guarantee,
           | besides your local grocery store. We are thinking these
           | things at the wrong scale.
           | 
           | We are not trying to shift blame away from FTX -- already the
           | whole relationship was sketchy. But claims about keeping 100%
           | USD with a 24h cashout in a worldwide scale is not something
           | on the table right now. I get worried when people feel
           | comfortable believing those statements.
        
             | shapefrog wrote:
             | > risk management wise
             | 
             | Short dated government bonds would be the safest. But tweet
             | 0 he litterally says they dont do that, they keep the cash
             | under the mattress and you can have it if you stop by.
             | People stopped by and there was no cash under the
             | mattress...
        
               | eftychis wrote:
               | I agree. And it is sketchy when people give a guarantee
               | we know they can't keep.
        
             | Bubble_Pop_22 wrote:
             | > It is actually irresponsible to the users (risk
             | management wise) to be keeping all that cash in hand 24/7.
             | The easiest bad case example: are you keeping all your
             | savings under your mattress?
             | 
             | "We never block withdrawls" is the new "We don't crash
             | ever" as seen in the Facebook movie.
             | 
             | If you are in the crypto exchange business you gotta do
             | both actually. Don't crash the website and don't suspend
             | withdrawls ever.
        
             | rhaway84773 wrote:
             | If you take other people's money by promising you will be
             | keeping their money under your mattress, yes, you should
             | keep all that money under the mattress or you'll be behind
             | bars for fraud.
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | I'm not a business masquerading as a bank, lol.
        
               | beambot wrote:
               | Banks don't have cash on hand equal to assets either...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | Real banks have access to a lender of last resort.
               | 
               | Shadow banks don't.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | The CEO of a band has never say they have everyones money
               | sitting in the safe waiting for them to pick it up
               | whenever they wanted it.
               | 
               | FTX CEO litterally said that in his tweet.
        
               | beambot wrote:
               | My read of the situation: SBF's comments were about
               | assets (balance sheet) rather than FTX's liquidity. I
               | believe SBF was saying (paraphrasing) "Our balance sheet
               | is fine; FTX doesn't invest customer assets; we're
               | processing withdrawals as fast as possible." That's
               | different than saying "we have 100% liquidity."
               | 
               | Banks make similar statements all the time -- they
               | require regular audits of assets (stress tests) and
               | maintain some minimum levels of liquidity.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | Banks say that they don't invest deposits?
        
               | beambot wrote:
               | In the Glass-Steagall sense, they probably shouldn't.
               | Mixing commercial banking and investment banking was
               | illegal from 1933-1999, and it is (arguably) one of the
               | underlying factors in the 2008 financial crisis.
               | 
               | Note: There's a difference between being a custodian of
               | customers' investments (brokerage / commercial banking)
               | versus proactively investing customer deposits
               | (investment banking).
        
               | cmeacham98 wrote:
               | Going to need a _huge_ source on that claim. Investing
               | customer funds is the primary way banks make their money,
               | and has been that way essentially since the invention of
               | banking.
               | 
               | From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional-
               | reserve_banking:
               | 
               | "Fractional-reserve banking predates the existence of
               | governmental monetary authorities"
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | Banks lend deposits. That's how they make their money.
               | They have to keep some part of the deposits as a reserve.
               | 
               | Real regulated banks have access to the Fed to borrow in
               | a case of a bank run.
        
               | mrep wrote:
               | And FDIC to de-risk customers from feeling they need to
               | do a bank run.
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | To a large extent, but not completely.
               | 
               | Anyone who has more than the insured amount, or anyone
               | who needs their money in the near future will still
               | engage in a run.
               | 
               | There were several runs during the 2008 crisis, the most
               | famous is the run on IndyMac Bank.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndyMac
        
               | m3kw9 wrote:
               | It's pretty clear now it a last ditch Hail Mary effort to
               | save them from a bank run that would ruin them
        
           | yucky wrote:
           | If everybody walked into their bank right now to withdrawal,
           | they couldn't cover either.
           | 
           | Right?
        
             | lmm wrote:
             | They'd cover it. They might need to call up the fed, but
             | they'd cover it.
        
             | pcai wrote:
             | But their point was: FTX doesn't purport to be a bank
        
               | kikokikokiko wrote:
               | It doesn't purport to be a HUGE PONZI either, but... Just
               | another normal day in crypto land.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | I mean, the CEO does literally tell people he's running a
               | Ponzi.
               | 
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-25/sam-
               | bankm...
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2022/ftx-
               | harrison-l...
               | 
               | Well...
        
             | rhaway84773 wrote:
             | And that's why banks are heavily regulated and get
             | protections.
             | 
             | If FTX wanted protections against a bank run they could
             | also choose to be regulated as a bank.
             | 
             | Cryptocons want us to both treat crypto scams as banks and
             | not banks depending on what suits them in the moment, just
             | like they want us to treat cryptocurrencies as assets or
             | currencies based on what suits their argument in the
             | moment.
             | 
             | All to hide the fact that it's a mediocre technology which
             | has been surpassed by many other technologies for most of
             | its possible uses and is nothing more than a Ponzi scheme
             | designed to enrich its original backers.
        
             | rchaud wrote:
             | You may as well say "if everybody jumped off a bridge at
             | the same time...."
             | 
             | How many bank runs have there been in 2022 in the developed
             | world?
             | 
             | The reason people don't try to pull their money out all at
             | once is because their deposits are insured, because their
             | bank pays into an insurance pool.
        
               | yucky wrote:
               | The reason people don't try to pull their money out all
               | at once is because their deposits are insured, because
               | their bank pays into an insurance pool.
               | 
               | Only up to $250k.
        
               | smcl wrote:
               | https://fortune.com/2022/05/23/record-number-american-
               | househ...
               | 
               | That wouldn't be a problem for the majority of Americans
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | If you go over $250k, you can just open accounts at other
               | banks to keep being insured. Or get your own insurance I
               | suppose.
        
               | smcl wrote:
               | My point was that if many would struggle to put together
               | $400 in cash, they're likely unaffected by a $250k upper
               | limit on insured deposits
        
               | xmprt wrote:
               | How many people do you think have more than $250k in the
               | bank? How many people do you think have more than $250k
               | in FTX? It sounds like you're saying it's not good enough
               | because 0.1% of people won't get the full benefit.
        
           | ramish94 wrote:
           | He mentions that they have everyone's money, and then the
           | very next tweet says "we'll clear out liquidity crunches".
           | 
           | Literally a contradiction.
        
             | crystaln wrote:
             | It's not a contradiction. It's easy to have illiquid funds.
             | For example cold storage or locked funds.
        
               | zeven7 wrote:
               | But cold storage and locked funds lead to you taking out
               | a loan or just saying "sorry, it's going to be a while,
               | our funds are locked". You know what you don't do if your
               | funds are illiquid? Sell to your competitor over night.
        
             | drexlspivey wrote:
             | There is a time delta between the statements, assets worth
             | $10B on one day could be worth $5b the next
        
             | shapefrog wrote:
             | "we'll clear out liquidity crunches" - they have everyone's
             | money if they get more money from someone else.
        
             | mistercheph wrote:
             | Giving them the benefit of doubt, this is not a
             | contradiction. The statement means that they have enough
             | illiquid assets to cover the withdrawal that they are
             | working on converting into liquidity.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | What do you mean illiquid? Worthless?
        
               | piva00 wrote:
               | Illiquid just means that you can't cash it in quickly.
               | 
               | Cash is 100% liquid while a house is illiquid you might
               | have millions US$ parked there but only if you manage to
               | sell it, then you convert it into liquid cash.
               | 
               | Liquidity is a measure of how easy it'd be to trade a
               | thing for another thing you want.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Agreed, but in this case these tokens have suddenly
               | become 'illiquid' because they have just become
               | worthless. It seems that here the term 'illiquid' is
               | being used as a euphemism.
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | > Liquidity is a measure of how easy it'd be to trade a
               | thing for another thing you want.
               | 
               | It is also very hard to trade worthless things for
               | expensive things you want.
               | 
               | Insolvent institutions like to claim they are illiquid
               | when in reality they are insolvent.
               | 
               | We've seen this happen over and over during the 2008
               | crisis.
        
               | appleflaxen wrote:
               | IMO this would contradict what the GP comment asserts:
               | that SBF said "We don't invest client assets (even in
               | treasuries)".
        
               | sroussey wrote:
               | I thought FTX Alemeda (the trading side) invested into
               | their own token, which is tanking thus causing problems.
               | 
               | Alemeda has like $14b assets and $8b in liabilities. But
               | of that $14b, $5b are in their own token (FTT) which is
               | kinda?? worth nothing at this very moment. So now the
               | assets and liabilities are more equally matched, but less
               | margin for shifting values of tokens.
               | 
               | I don't know, but the derivative of their assets looks
               | scary the last 24hr.
               | 
               | Disclaimer: not a crypto person
        
               | viscanti wrote:
               | But they're meant to store the customer assets in a cold
               | wallet. They're not meant to invest them in illiquid
               | assets that would need to be liquidated to give people
               | their money. If it's not a contradiction, it's an
               | intentionally misleading statement to avoid admitting
               | they let Alameda Research invest the money when the
               | entities are supposed to be completely separated.
        
               | shawabawa3 wrote:
               | The extremely charitable read is that
               | 
               | 1. They have all the funds
               | 
               | 2. Many are in cold storage or otherwise inaccessible in
               | short term
               | 
               | 3. Their cold storage restore process is so slow they
               | need emergency help to provide liquidity in the meantime
               | 
               | Seems more like that they've either embezzled client
               | funds or been hacked/lost some cold storage keys
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | The normal way to handle this would be insurance or a
               | line of credit, not selling your company to your
               | competitor overnight.
        
               | viscanti wrote:
               | In that scenario they could point to some of the wallets
               | to help calm the fears the money isn't available. Or they
               | could approach a number of different lenders who would be
               | comfortable lending at high interest rates if the money
               | is there but slow to access. They only sell if we're in
               | the non-charitable case.
        
               | wmf wrote:
               | They're _totally_ solvent but no one is willing to lend
               | them money?
        
               | lokar wrote:
               | "Every banker knows that if he has to prove that he is
               | worthy of credit, however good may be his arguments, in
               | fact his credit is gone."
        
               | miohtama wrote:
               | FTX/Alameda holds tons of illiquid FTT tokens that they
               | cannot sell and which Binance was dumping. Thus, they
               | might have not technically lied. But they were still
               | wrong from the accounting perspective - they surely
               | understood that FTT token cannot be used to cover gaps in
               | large scale.
               | 
               | It was the question that matters "how fast you can
               | process user withdrawals and with what risk"
               | 
               | Sam owns 8% of Robin Hood that is worth around ~$1B - he
               | could sell that and cover some of the gap. But what we do
               | not know yet is the size of the gap in time and space.
               | FTX had $6B withdrawals pending on Tuesday.
        
               | lancesells wrote:
               | > Sam owns 8% of Robin Hood that is worth around ~$1B -
               | he could sell that and cover some of the gap.
               | 
               | Not knowing too much about this space have you ever seen
               | anything like this happen? A CEO using their personal
               | wealth to cover their customers funds seems unlikely.
        
               | eftychis wrote:
               | That can't happen directly (I think). Mingling breaks the
               | limited liability mantle.
               | 
               | He will have to buy equity or other product from FTX to
               | infuse with cash. And if it is going bankrupt he has to
               | stop running it to preserve the liability "shield" --
               | details of course depend on the country/state of
               | organization/incorporation. I know nothing about the
               | Bahamas.
               | 
               | Example: Elon for instance infused his own cash into
               | Tesla, when it was going bankrupt. But he practically
               | bought equity to my understanding.
               | 
               | Covering customer accounts is different, in a financial
               | firm. I do not know what tools the Bahamas give to FTX.
               | This is all uncharted territory. (Also there is legal
               | exposure to other countries.)
        
               | tanseydavid wrote:
               | Free Jon Corzine!
        
               | dmitrygr wrote:
               | > have you ever seen anything like this happen? A CEO
               | using their personal wealth to cover their customers
               | funds
               | 
               | No, but I would love to see it happen, enforced by a
               | court, and backed by a promise of jail time if the CEO
               | fails to comply in a timely fashion.
        
               | FormerBandmate wrote:
               | This isn't a thing, limited liability (which is the
               | fundamental principle that distinguishes corporations
               | from partnerships) prevents this. The only way would be
               | if SBF was charged with defrauding FTX
        
               | fantasyman1 wrote:
               | > A CEO using their personal wealth to cover their
               | customers funds seems unlikely.
               | 
               | It's in the category of "desperately wants to be true" of
               | crypto crash denial.
               | 
               | I've been lampooning people defending FTX in Hacker News
               | all day. This is what I come here for!
        
           | spuz wrote:
           | Remember that blockchain transactions are slow and FTX has
           | over 1m users. Even in the most positive of scenarios, I
           | would not be surprised if it took days to clear the backlog
           | of withdrawal requests.
        
             | rhaway84773 wrote:
             | "How to destroy the entire basis for blockchain technology
             | in 1 sentence".
        
             | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
             | Slow blockchain transactions and it would be shocking if
             | they didn't stake user assets. Most (all?) proof of stake
             | chains have lock up periods. Atom and other Cosmos chains
             | are usually 21 days.
        
             | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
             | Indeed, all Bitcoin blocks today are full. There is no
             | physical possibility to withdraw all those funds. That's
             | why Binance must implement Lightning deposits/withdrawals,
             | like Kraken did.
        
               | smoldesu wrote:
               | Adding L2 chains to this equation dumps the frying pan
               | into the fire. We don't need more points-of-failure, it's
               | bad enough as-is.
        
               | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
               | Inability to process more than 5 tx a second for entire
               | world is a major point-of-failure that L2 chain cures.
        
               | kinakomochidayo wrote:
               | Should've just increased the blocksize, instead of
               | implementing some crap L2 solution.
        
             | jdprgm wrote:
             | Not sure what people are talking about here, bitcoin
             | mempool doesn't even have a notably large backlog at the
             | moment and fees are currently low/normal:
             | https://mempool.space/
             | 
             | Exchange withdrawals are one to many for btc helping keep
             | size down and most other chains shouldn't have any issues.
             | Don't see how FTX or really any exchange should be
             | bottlenecked by blockchains here.
        
             | aaronharnly wrote:
             | It seems to my layperson's eye that that would be a reason
             | to get a loan for a week or a month, not to sell the
             | company.
        
           | somuchfordonor wrote:
           | You forgot 8 hours ago: Hacker News commenters are in total
           | denial:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33518961
        
             | kranke155 wrote:
             | This is yet another episode in the continuing saga "HN
             | consensus is bad at predicting tech".
        
           | chx wrote:
           | > it was a lie the whole time.
           | 
           | how many of these y'all need before you learn: _all crypto is
           | a scam_. It never was anything else, it never will be
           | anything else because it _can not be_ anything else.
           | 
           | There's an awful lot of fancy piled on the simple fact that
           | all crypto"currencies" are _negative sum games_. The only
           | disagreement is whether this is an entirely new type of scam
           | , a  "Nakamoto Scheme" or the difference between these and
           | the classic Ponzi are irrelevant like the difference between
           | a CRT and a HDTV and then we are looking at a Ponzi.
        
             | trevorkoob wrote:
             | Distributed ledgers are not a scam, and our true best hope
             | for anti-corruption.
             | 
             | I would like every elected official to have all their
             | income and spending listed on a public ledger.
             | 
             | True accountability of representatives to those they
             | purport to represent will solve so many problems, both in
             | terms of the types of people incentivized to become public
             | servants, and also in terms of public understanding of
             | spending and waste.
             | 
             | All this "crypto" is intellectual warm-up for what is to
             | come, I'd highly suggest looking at rollups (what I would
             | describe as ledgers within ledgers) which are delving into
             | the true possibilities of next-to-zero cost of immutable
             | transaction records.
        
               | automatic6131 wrote:
               | >Distributed ledgers are not a scam, and our true best
               | hope for anti-corruption.
               | 
               | They are not a scam, but they are _almost completely_
               | useless
               | 
               | >I would like every elected official to have all their
               | income and spending listed on a public ledger.
               | 
               | A public ledger is not necessarily a decentralised
               | ledger. This could be accomplished by any bank account
               | controlled by a US politician to send the payments made
               | to a US goverment controlled webapp that's then publicly
               | accessible (by FOI request, if necessary). No blockchain,
               | no decentralised woo needed. What you have stated is a
               | POLTICIAL problem, and those require POLITICAL solutions.
               | No new or speculative technology, of any sort, is needed
               | to accomplish the problem statement.
        
             | LudwigNagasena wrote:
             | Ok, why is this statement not true then:
             | 
             | > There's an awful lot of fancy piled on the simple fact
             | that all "currencies" are negative sum games.
             | 
             | ?
        
               | chx wrote:
               | Because it is currency itself that you measure everything
               | else against. What my sentence meant is that without
               | transaction fees it would be a zero sum game -- ie if you
               | undid all crypto-money transactions then nothing is left
               | -- but with transaction fees their sum is a negative
               | number. But you need to measure this in _something_.
               | 
               | Note how stocks are decidedly not like this because if
               | you undid all stock-money transactions the sum would be
               | positive because of buybacks and dividends.
        
               | LudwigNagasena wrote:
               | > Because it is currency itself that you measure
               | everything else against.
               | 
               | So what? I cannot see the significance of that. There are
               | many possible measures of value.
               | 
               | > if you undid all transactions then nothing is left --
               | but with transaction fees their sum is a negative number.
               | But you need to measure this in something.
               | 
               | Yes? So what's the important difference between
               | cryptocurrencies and traditional currencies?
        
               | chx wrote:
               | The thing is you can buy anything in this world for
               | money. That's what money is for. Thus, we measure these
               | things in money.
        
         | jiveturkey wrote:
         | Could be technically true?
         | 
         | They don't "invest" client assets, not even in treasuries, ie
         | actual investments.
         | 
         | They "speculate" client assets, in tokens.
        
         | PaywallBuster wrote:
         | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashandcashequivalents....
         | 
         | > Cash and cash equivalents refers to the line item on the
         | balance sheet that reports the value of a company's assets that
         | are cash or can be converted into cash immediately.
         | 
         | > Cash equivalents include bank accounts and marketable
         | securities such as commercial paper and short-term government
         | bonds.
         | 
         | > Cash equivalents should have maturities of three months or
         | less.
         | 
         | Don't know specifics on FTX/Alameda but this is probably normal
         | to a degree for banks/brokers or just any regular business?
        
         | max_ wrote:
         | Now it is clear that he was lying.
         | 
         | They stopped processing withdrawals according to on chain
         | data.[0]
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.theblock.co/post/184176/ftx-appears-to-have-
         | stop...
        
           | skippyboxedhero wrote:
           | They have one BTC. Form an orderly queue to receive your
           | portion.
           | 
           | https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/08/ftxs-bitcoin-
           | ba...
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | _> They stopped processing withdrawals_
           | 
           | If you look at the comments on
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33518961 that article
           | missed that FTX uses multiple addresses for withdrawals.
        
             | max_ wrote:
             | He admits they were illiquid and needed Binance to cover
             | withdrawals 1:1.
             | 
             | >Our teams are working on clearing out the withdrawal
             | backlog as is. This will clear out liquidity crunches; all
             | assets will be covered 1:1. This is one of the main reasons
             | we've asked Binance to come in. It may take a bit to settle
             | etc.
             | 
             | [0]: https://twitter.com/SBF_FTX/status/1590012124864348160
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | Sorry, edited my comment to quote the section of yours I
               | was trying to reply to
        
         | chaosbolt wrote:
         | Are you seriously asking? He lied like every other exchange
         | does. The man's middle name is Bankman for god's sake.
        
           | Aaronstotle wrote:
           | I don't understand how his middle name relates to anything
           | about this situation.
        
             | prottog wrote:
             | Perhaps a quip on the untrustworthy nature of bankers.
        
             | chaosbolt wrote:
             | It's an obvious joke a 3 year old kid would understand, if
             | that kid didn't value signal by implying someone was an
             | antisemite because of an unrelated joke that is.
        
               | 55555 wrote:
               | For sure. I don't even think Bankman is jewish -- that's
               | the Fried half.
        
           | kgwgk wrote:
           | And he's Fried now.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | shapefrog wrote:
         | This a.m. before securing an emergency lifeline from rival
         | Binance, FTX was canvassing deep pockets in Silicon Valley and
         | Wall St -- think billionaires, not institutions -- ppl familiar
         | told me & @lmatsakis @SaacksAttack. Two of the ppl he was
         | seeking more than $1bn.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/lizrhoffman/status/1590021299295768578
         | 
         | He / his people didnt call me, but I would have passed anyway
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | > One person briefed on the fundraising blitz said what
           | started as a $1bn ask was looking more like $5bn-$6bn by
           | midday.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | They lied to everyone of course. Never trust these
         | corporations. They're sitting on huge piles of consumer
         | deposits, of course they're gonna leverage that money. They
         | cannot resist the temptation.
        
         | ForHackernews wrote:
         | It's all lies. Just like everything else involving
         | cryptocurrency.
        
         | purpleblue wrote:
         | Well, if the customers are holding FTT and they're trying to
         | get rid of their FTT, that could cause the liquidity crisis.
         | The crisis isn't with the customer assets, it's with their FTT
         | side of the business.
        
           | cguess wrote:
           | Can't have a run if you can't withdrawl!
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _SBF said "We don't invest client assets (even in
         | treasuries)"_
         | 
         | We know that was false when it was said, given the Alameda
         | balance sheet. (FTX invested in Alameda which made risky loans
         | to crypto folks and bought FTT, which FTX minted [1].)
         | 
         | [1] https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/02/divisions-in-
         | sa...
        
           | ucha wrote:
           | Nowhere does it say that FTX invested in Alameda.
           | 
           | Alameda invested in FTT which is minted by FTX which is not
           | the same thing.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Alameda invested in FTT which is minted by FTX_
             | 
             | FTX issued FTT to Alameda. We have no idea what Alameda
             | gave them as collateral, but it's clear it wasn't cash.
             | Lending is a form of investing. (I don't get what unlocked
             | versus collateral FTX on Alameda's balance sheet means.)
        
               | ucha wrote:
               | How can you say it's clear it wasn't cash? What's the
               | source?
               | 
               | Also, FTX minted FTT out of nothing - effective cost zero
               | - so no matter what they received in exchange, even if
               | they had received _nothing_ that is not an investment
               | unless they received Alameda equity. I agree that lending
               | is a form of investment but nothing says that they
               | received a loan in exchange.
               | 
               | You could still be right, but it's all speculation :)
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _How can you say it 's clear it wasn't cash?_
               | 
               | FTT spiraled and FTX went insolvent.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | Doesn't mean they never received any cash. Maybe the CEO
               | spent it all on crack and hookers.
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | I know the SEC is struggling to stay on top of the crypto
           | market, but it certainly seems like SBF should be in an
           | absolutely huge amount of legal jeopardy right now. And if he
           | isn't, then the crypto market is beyond saving and deserves
           | to die.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _SEC...it certainly seems like SBF should be in an
             | absolutely huge amount of legal jeopardy right now_
             | 
             | FTX U.S. is fine. To the degree Americans are hurt, it's
             | investors in the international entity. If anyone deserves
             | regulatory scrutiny, it's the institutional investors
             | betting fiduciary assets on crypto.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | quantumwannabe wrote:
             | I wonder if SBF became one of the largest political donors
             | in the country, not for altruistic reasons like he claims,
             | but for protection from the SEC.
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | I dunno man.. Binance financed the twitter acquisition. Samuel
       | Friedman from FTX wanted to partner with Elon.
       | 
       | Sounds like a way to structure power within twitter TBH.
        
       | Bluecobra wrote:
       | Remember this is a NON-BINDING letter of intent. I wouldn't be
       | surprised at all if this doesn't actually happen and just a bunch
       | of ballyhoo. Unlike Twitter, FTX won't be able to drag CZ down to
       | Delaware's Chancery Court to force him to acquire it.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Indeed. Didn't stop the market from melting down though and it
         | looks like FTT is going to zero. Wonder what happens if they
         | decide not to buy it after all.
        
           | popcalc wrote:
           | I think that's what the OP meant...
        
         | orsenthil wrote:
         | What is CZ?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | aaur0 wrote:
           | CEO of Binance - https://twitter.com/cz_binance
        
         | spaceman_2020 wrote:
         | All of SBF coins are going to crash like anything. All those
         | tokens will be liquidated to pay lenders.
        
       | SevenNation wrote:
       | > One question that might be too early to answer is: Why was
       | there a liquidity crunch in the first place? ... The simplest way
       | to run the business is to take deposits from customers, buy
       | crypto for the customers, keep everything segregated, and make
       | money on commissions. ...
       | 
       | This is the only question, because it feeds into all of the other
       | questions.
       | 
       | My prediction is that this deal isn't going anywhere. Where
       | there's smoke, there's fire. And Binance is in no position to
       | know how many skeletons are in the closets. The last thing any
       | company wants in the current financial environment is big
       | liabilities coming out of nowhere. And judging from the childish
       | way in which FTX was run, there's skeletons o' plenty.
       | 
       | Binance wants nothing to do with the piece of hot garbage because
       | it too is in the same position as FTX. The last thing Binance
       | needs is an FTX landmine spooking customers and triggering
       | Binance's own bank run.
       | 
       | The deal is going nowhere and FTX, along with its numbskull
       | depositors, are dead meat.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | boeingUH60 wrote:
       | "We're going to look back at a generation of successful founders
       | and VCs with the realization that all of their talent was in
       | creating a company during the bull market." - random tweet I came
       | across that's very relevant here.
        
         | billjings wrote:
         | Dare Obasanjo:
         | https://twitter.com/Carnage4Life/status/1589867071693017088
        
           | 3001 wrote:
           | Total unrelated but son of
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olusegun_Obasanjo. Numero uno
           | looter of Africa
        
             | MaxHoppersGhost wrote:
             | Wow. I like how his son's Twitter profile talks about
             | inclusivity. Very brave.
        
             | melvinmelih wrote:
             | He very cleverly took his name out of his dad's wikipedia
             | entry. It's still there in older versions: https://en.wikip
             | edia.org/w/index.php?title=Olusegun_Obasanjo...
        
             | niyikiza wrote:
             | Wow! That's next level Ad Hominem & Genetic fallacies
        
             | bolasanibk wrote:
             | Not to be confused with the talented soccer player Sam
             | Obisanya. https://ted-
             | lasso.fandom.com/wiki/Sam_Obisanya#Dubai_Air_and...
        
             | googlryas wrote:
             | Why even reference it then? We have understood that sins of
             | the father are not the sins of the child since at least the
             | book of exodus(~500BC).
             | 
             | If that tweeter has done something wrong in his life, then
             | talk about it. But he didn't really have a choice on who
             | birthed him.
             | 
             | From the wiki page:
             | 
             | > Some of his children were resentful that he gave them no
             | special privileges and treated their mothers poorly.
        
               | Kbelicius wrote:
               | We have also understood that sins of the father are sins
               | of the child since at least the book of genesis(~500BC).
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | billjings wrote:
               | I went to Georgia Tech with Dare. It's a great school,
               | but it's not exactly the kind of place you send your
               | scions of privilege.
        
               | 3001 wrote:
               | Thats funny, sure going to Gtech for an American as an
               | undergrad doesn't scream privilege but seeing that today
               | the total cost of going to such school will run you
               | around 400k as an international student, while millions
               | of people graduate high school in Nigeria and have to go
               | through the hunger games of Jamb for extremely limited
               | spots due to the lack of investment in education lead by
               | his dad and cohorts tells a different tale.
               | 
               | Someone like him not born to such father in Nigeria, will
               | likely be an high school teacher getting paid $100 every
               | 4 months.
        
               | googlryas wrote:
               | Are you just assuming his dad paid for his school? Do you
               | know if he received any scholarships? Do you know the
               | finances of his mother/mother's side of the family?
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | A scholarship? People from Nigeria can't even get a visa
               | into the US.
        
               | Sebguer wrote:
               | This is absolutely bullshit.
        
               | prottog wrote:
               | That's not even true in September 2022[0], let alone
               | throughout the whole immigration history from Nigeria to
               | the US.
               | 
               | There are a quarter of a million immigrants from Nigeria
               | in the US.
               | 
               | [0]: https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/visas/Statistic
               | s/Immigr...
        
               | billjings wrote:
               | It's not because of the price point that you wouldn't
               | send your overpriveleged kid there. It's because they'd
               | run a decent chance of flunking out.
        
               | swyx wrote:
               | what exactly does Dare do? he always seems to have a take
               | on every little thing in tech. is he a fulltime
               | commentator?
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | "We're going to look back at a generation of successful
         | founders and VCs with the realization that all of their talent
         | was in creating a company during the bull market.". I would
         | add: "and tweeting all day".
        
         | jsemrau wrote:
         | This is literally the definition of "beta" in equities trading.
         | There is nothing bad with riding a good bull run. Ponzenomics
         | is the issue here (imho) where we have to come to realize that
         | there is no liquidity in many crypto currencies because there
         | is not need to actually trade them. And projects that provide
         | real yield (i.e., use an existing currency as their main
         | currency of operations) fail to get traction because they don't
         | provide the Ponzenomics scheme to their users.
        
         | httpz wrote:
         | Majority of early startups still don't make it past the valley
         | of death even during a bull market.
         | 
         | This is like saying every great sailor happened to sail when
         | the wind was blowing in the right direction.
        
         | chubot wrote:
         | There was an entire book about this that became famous during
         | the 2008 financial crisis:
         | 
         |  _Fooled by Randomness_ by Nassim Taleb
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/Fooled-Randomness-Hidden-Markets-Ince...
         | 
         | It's literally about how options traders and the like can be
         | lucky for 10 or 20 years, but they are actually idiots who
         | destroy the economy.
         | 
         | They think they are skilled, and others think they are skilled,
         | but it's luck. You can also call it "anti-luck" because their
         | short-term actions can cause the long-term crisis.
         | 
         | This book was a #1 best seller, as were most of Taleb's books,
         | but for some reason whenever I mention it to anybody, I get
         | blank stares.
         | 
         | I think it's just really hard for people to understand
         | phenomena that occur at time scales of say more than a decade.
         | 
         | (BTW Another good book about recurring economic cycles is
         | Dalio's 2022 _The Changing World Order_. All of this stuff has
         | happened before. This is separate from crypto, and relates to
         | the global economic environment.)
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | > whenever I mention it to anybody, I get blank stares.
           | 
           | Maybe it's the circles you move in. In finance nobody hasn't
           | heard of it.
           | 
           | Well deserved reputation too, it really changed how I saw
           | things. It's weird because even as someone who studied
           | probability and stats, I hadn't thought it would change my
           | entire worldview.
        
           | dibt wrote:
           | >It's literally about how options traders and the like can be
           | lucky for 10 or 20 years
           | 
           | I don't see how doing anything successfully (in this case,
           | gaining profit?) for 20 years can be described as "luck."
           | Surviving/being successful that long trading isn't a fluke.
           | 
           | I haven't read the book, but I know that Talib talks about
           | 'tail risk' a lot and 'risk of ruin'. Which are very
           | different than what you describe. If my bet size is only
           | limited to 2%, I would be happy to be "lucky" for 20 years!
        
             | catothedev wrote:
             | Example: sell attractively priced insurance against a
             | 100-year-flood. You make money for 20 years, but then a
             | crazy big flood bankrupts your insurance company. Who would
             | have thought that would happen?! Options (and other things)
             | can be structured to create 'catastrophic insurance like'
             | outcomes.
        
           | tanseydavid wrote:
           | This book was my introduction to Taleb and I loved it. I
           | recommend it frequently.
        
           | niyikiza wrote:
           | Great book. It was my introduction to Taleb as well It
           | profoundly shaped how I interpret markets and approach my own
           | investments.
        
       | Patrol8394 wrote:
       | > and said FTX was totally fine
       | 
       | I want to think that by now people have learned that "totally
       | fine" in crypto means that they are not.
       | 
       | Also, wasn't FTX gonna buy Voyager?
        
       | Aaronstotle wrote:
       | Every exchange needs to show proof of reserves, I don't have much
       | faith that Binance is in much better shape than FTX.
        
         | Bubble_Pop_22 wrote:
         | Exchanges big wallet are public info on the blockchain IIRC.
         | The huge problem is that you'll never know if they add up
         | because you'd need confirmation from every user of the exchange
         | who'd have to self-declare their crypto-wealth in some sort of
         | Slack or Telegram group so that you then can compare the 2
         | totals and see if x=y.
         | 
         | Will never happen. They are black boxes. Only them know if 1:1
        
         | ploppyploppy wrote:
         | Kraken do: https://www.kraken.com/en-gb/proof-of-reserves
        
       | patrickbuckley wrote:
       | CZ has pledged to have binance do proof of reserves going
       | forward. This is a positive development in what is overall a
       | shitty situation.
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/cz_binance/status/1590055819416330240?t=...
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-11-09 23:02 UTC)