[HN Gopher] Bankruptcy court gave blanket immunity to executives...
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       Bankruptcy court gave blanket immunity to executives in 9 out of 10
       major cases
        
       Author : 23skidoo
       Score  : 206 points
       Date   : 2022-11-07 15:02 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | >blanket immunity.
       | 
       | From civil lawsuits. They can still be charged criminally.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | I feel like the article is being rather misleading in that
         | regards. Like its talking about sexual assualt, at a glance it
         | sounds like they are talking about the criminal act of the
         | assualt itself, but they are actually talking about if the
         | board of the company was negligent in preventing their employee
         | from doing the crime (i think, the article is unclear on that)
        
         | alixrjlkdjf wrote:
         | pointless. Most of those things are not crimes (mismanagement,
         | bankruptcy) unless you can start the civil case for damages
         | first to find the fraud that then becomes criminal. It's a well
         | thought of plan.
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | > unless you can start the civil case for damages first to
           | find the fraud that then becomes criminal
           | 
           | Someone can correct me if I am wrong, but when you go to
           | bankruptcy court, you actually have to reveal all of your
           | finances and justify why you need to declare bankruptcy? You
           | can't just preliminarily declare bankruptcy in anticipation
           | of damages - you actually have to damages assigned by a
           | court.
           | 
           | And it seems like a huge waste of everyone's time in the
           | bankruptcy process if the judge says "oh yeah - anyone can
           | now tack on a lawsuit and I'll see you back here every single
           | time".
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | slavboj wrote:
       | The entire point of bankruptcy proceedings is to arrange a final
       | resolution of outstanding claims when there aren't enough assets
       | to cover them. Someone is going to get screwed, because the money
       | simply isn't there, including the money that would be used to pay
       | for ongoing D&O (directors & officers) insurance that would pay
       | civil claims against directors for actions taken in the course of
       | their employment.
        
         | bradleyjg wrote:
         | The directors and officers are often quite wealthy. Insurance
         | isn't a cap on liability.
        
       | raincom wrote:
       | Collusion among judges, lawyers, and prosecutors helps explain
       | this phenomenon. This collusion occurs due to "revolving door".
       | None of these parties (judges, lawyers and prosecutors) receive
       | any bribes--so it is legal. However, the system is set up in a
       | collusive way: lawyers for defendants become judges; prosecutors
       | become a big law partner, representing defendants; etc.
        
         | AcerbicZero wrote:
         | This is likely a big part of it; take a trip to any traffic
         | court in a medium sized town early in the day and you're almost
         | certain to see some exceptionally chummy lawyers and judges
         | hanging out.
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | Kind of wish the article would go into more details about the
       | immunity agreements in question. Its hard to make a judgement on
       | if these cases are inappropriate without knowing the details.
       | 
       | Some of the stuff in the article strike me as totally fine
       | though. Like complaining that a legal settlement has too much
       | legalese in it. Like, really?
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | Judge "Walrath argued that the majority of women who supported
       | the deal might receive nothing in a settlement if she denied the
       | legal shields because insurers refused to pay without them and
       | the studio had only $3 million to dispense to all creditors. The
       | settlement's collapse would leave Weinstein's accusers with only
       | the dicey prospect of pursuing further litigation."
       | 
       | This is a story about insurance claims in bankruptcy. To the
       | degree there is scope for reform, it's in exempting insurers from
       | liability in cases of sexual misconduct. The downside: there will
       | be less cash and a longer route to settlement for victims.
        
         | bradleyjg wrote:
         | It's not only about insurance. The directors got personal
         | liability waivers.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _directors got personal liability waivers_
           | 
           | Their personal liability stems from their Board seats. That's
           | squarely in the purview of most D&O policies.
        
             | bradleyjg wrote:
             | It's covered by D&O policies by liability isn't capped by
             | insurance.
        
       | mtmail wrote:
       | Article title is "How corporate chiefs dodge lawsuits over sexual
       | abuse and deadly products". The HN guidelines ask "Please use the
       | original title, unless it is misleading or linkbait; don't
       | editorialize."
        
       | dragontamer wrote:
       | It should be noted that giving criminals immunity is the entire
       | damn point of the system.
       | 
       | The point of "immunity" is so that the lower-level criminals lose
       | their 5th Amendment rights, and are therefore compelled to
       | present evidence against their boss. The 5th Amendment in the USA
       | states "Right against self-incrimination", but if you have
       | immunity, you cannot self-incriminate.
       | 
       | So once you sign that immunity document, you can be compelled to
       | speak anything in court. Even if you "forgot", once you sign
       | over, you can be __forced__ to talk.
       | 
       | So yeah, I'm not entirely sure if "immunity given to group X" is
       | a big problem? Its how courts work, its how we pin down the
       | ringleader. Its often less important to get the lackeys, and more
       | important for the officers to focus on the bosses.
       | 
       | ---------
       | 
       | Without the presentation of this evidence, you never get a guilty
       | plea. Remember, in the USA's court system, you need to __prove__
       | the defendant of wrongdoing.
       | 
       | That means you either need to convince people, or force people,
       | to present evidence in court that's helpful to your case. These
       | people are often insiders, and immunity is extremely useful for
       | getting around 5th Amendment issues.
        
         | quantified wrote:
         | Bankruptcy isn't a criminal matter.
        
           | feet wrote:
           | Also, "executives" don't sound like lower level
        
             | whatwherewhy wrote:
             | Aren't executives just doing what the board wants, and the
             | board just following what the owners want?
        
               | delusional wrote:
               | And the owners what the market wants. Really you, the
               | consumer, is responsible!
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | The consumer does what the marketeers want, which do what
               | the executives want, and round we go. It's a vicious
               | cycle of inefficiency from people trying to get larger
               | parts of the pie rather than growing the pie.
        
               | whatwherewhy wrote:
               | Isn't creating new markets _the_ canonical strategy of
               | doing startups?
        
               | whatwherewhy wrote:
               | Well not really. The owners are ultimately responsible
               | for the company's behavior.
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | And yet the owners rely on the market/consumer giving
               | them money to put food on the table and afford a roof
               | over their head. Which is to say, user?id=delusional
               | above was mostly joking.
        
               | feet wrote:
               | Corporations respond to profit motives above all else,
               | but there are still humans making those decisions within
               | the corporations
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | The shareholders will end up with the valuation they end
               | up with, but are immune from prosecution in all but the
               | most explicit and egregious cases.
               | 
               | If they vote in directors, which they suspect will hire a
               | criminal CEO, that's enough levels of indirection that
               | unless they write a memo explicitly stating to do so (and
               | maybe even then!), the worst outcome for them is the
               | valuation of the company drops to zero and they lose
               | their capital, minus whatever dividends have been pulled
               | out.
               | 
               | That is barring potential criminal conspiracy anyway,
               | which would require concrete actions in furtherance of a
               | conspiracy, which would be difficult to prove without
               | something like that memo.
        
               | WeylandYutani wrote:
               | Look we were all just following orders.
        
               | legulere wrote:
               | You might enjoy reading meditations on moloch:
               | https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/07/30/meditations-on-
               | moloch/
        
               | delusional wrote:
               | After reading the first two chapters I'm hooked. Thanks a
               | ton for recommending it.
        
               | yunohn wrote:
               | TFA is about Board Executives.
        
           | bradleyjg wrote:
           | I guess not everyone has time to read the articles before
           | commenting.
        
           | advisedwang wrote:
           | If you admit to a crime while testifying in a non-criminal
           | matter, you can be charged with that crime and that testimony
           | can be used against you. Therefore you can take the 5th in
           | non-criminal cases - as you have a right not to incriminate
           | yourself in _future_ criminal matters. Therefore non-criminal
           | courts can and do grant immunity against future prosecution
           | (although I 'm not sure if it's jurisdictional, ie whether
           | federal bankruptcy court can grant you immunity against
           | future state charges).
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | TFA is a bout civil immunity though, not criminal immunity.
             | 
             | The first paragraph talks about the board of TWC allegedly
             | knowing about Weinstein paying off people accusing him. One
             | could make the argument that not acting on this knowledge
             | to protect the value of the is an abrogation of their
             | duties as board members.
             | 
             | However the board was granted immunity in Chapter 11, so no
             | such arguments can be advanced in court now.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | ilyt wrote:
         | well, unless the ringleader is one that got the immunity...
        
         | harimau777 wrote:
         | Aren't the executives generally the ringleaders?
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | No.
           | 
           | Lets say Weinstein was the target. Then all the executives
           | around Weinstein are the lackeys. So you offer immunity to
           | the lackeys (aka: the executives in the inner-circle) so that
           | you get Weinstein.
           | 
           | Offering immunity to the low-level janitor doesn't do any
           | good. You need someone high-enough that they're in the "inner
           | circle" of the target. Someone with real dirt on your target.
           | 
           | ---------
           | 
           | Its very common in criminal court to give immunity to mob
           | bosses, to get dirt on even bigger mob bosses.
           | 
           | Making an article saying "Only mob bosses get immunity" is
           | counterproductive. That's the damn point of the grant-
           | immunity system. You grant it to criminals to help catch
           | other criminals.
           | 
           | ------
           | 
           | Lets put it this way: lets say there's some innocent
           | bystander who happens to know what is going on. Police /
           | Investigators don't even offer immunity to them, because they
           | committed no crime, so there's no point offering immunity.
           | You just ask the innocent dude to come to court and answer a
           | few questions / testify on what they know.
        
         | alixrjlkdjf wrote:
         | Maybe because the example they gave on the article they were
         | going after one person crime (rape), and the case that caused
         | outrage is where the guilty bosses are already the guilty
         | bosses and they still got deals.
         | 
         | Would you not see any problem if (still using the article
         | example) Weinstein was given immunity to report on his own
         | rapes?
         | 
         | Also it compounds the rage as it was what happened to all the
         | banks in 2008, all the air cias after 1st covid, etc.
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | > Would you not see any problem if (still using the article
           | example) Weinstein was given immunity to report on his own
           | rapes?
           | 
           | This article is about immunity from civil lawsuits - not
           | criminal convictions.
           | 
           | Honestly, with Weinstein in jail, I could care less that
           | people can't sue him for all the nothing he now has.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | > Would you not see any problem if (still using the article
           | example) Weinstein was given immunity to report on his own
           | rapes?
           | 
           | Weinstein is the boss. So you'd never give him immunity to
           | the case, he's the target.
           | 
           | If Weinstein had a close "ally", who was less important for
           | justice but important to testify for the case... even if that
           | "ally" had crimes associated with him, you'd want to give
           | that "Hypothetical ally" immunity. _THEN_ you force the ally
           | to talk (if the ally fails to talk in court, you throw him in
           | jail for contempt of court, and take away their immunity).
        
             | cool_dude85 wrote:
             | >Weinstein is the boss. So you'd never give him immunity to
             | the case, he's the target.
             | 
             | In the article it says that Weinstein was practically given
             | immunity to personal lawsuits related to the class action.
             | Individual members of the class were able to retain the
             | right to sue him personally in exchange for taking 1/4 of
             | their payout in the bankruptcy proceedings.
             | 
             | Anyway, aside from the specific inaccuracy of what you're
             | saying here, this whole argument is mush-headed slop.
             | You're talking about criminal cases, the article is about
             | bankruptcy proceedings and civil lawsuits against
             | individuals. You might as well say that you'd never give
             | Weinstein immunity because in video games making some
             | enemies fully immune to elemental attacks makes class
             | balance difficult.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _the article it says that Weinstein was practically
               | given immunity to personal lawsuits_
               | 
               | Weinstein is in jail. (The victims "could opt out of
               | giving lawsuit immunity to Harvey Weinstein himself - but
               | only if they agreed to reduce their portion of the
               | settlement payout by 75%," which seems fine, this is a
               | civil proceeding and the point of bankruptcy is to draw a
               | line under liability.)
               | 
               | The "blanket immunity" in the HN title misleadingly
               | refers to Board members being released from liability.
        
               | cool_dude85 wrote:
               | > this is a civil proceeding and the point of bankruptcy
               | is to draw a line under liability.
               | 
               | This is a bankruptcy proceeding regarding the liability
               | of Weinstein's company. What's that got to do with Harvey
               | Weinstein's, the living person's, liability, other than
               | the fact that you can convince a judge to waive it? Much
               | less the people who served as the company's BoD?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _What 's that got to do with Harvey Weinstein's, the
               | living person's, liability_
               | 
               | Weinstein the person caused the company's liability. The
               | insurers paying out for the latter are also connected to
               | the former. They won't agree to a bankruptcy plan that
               | leaves them on the hook for further litigation.
        
               | cool_dude85 wrote:
               | >Weinstein the person caused the company's liability
               | 
               | His actions on behalf of the company, and the actions of
               | others also acting on behalf of the company. He is just
               | one of the individuals whom one could reasonably expect
               | to be held liable in a civil suit.
               | 
               | >They won't agree to a bankruptcy plan that leaves them
               | on the hook for further litigation.
               | 
               | They will if a plan that doesn't absolve these covered
               | individuals of liability is not offered, or is not able
               | to be offered. And if they don't agree to a plan, oh
               | well.
               | 
               | Remember that if there's a policy choice between allowing
               | this practice, which allows for a liability cap to be
               | negotiated in bankruptcy court , or disallowing it, the
               | insurers have every reason to rattle their sabers about
               | refusing bankruptcy or going out of business, because the
               | status quo benefits them greatly. So they might say they
               | won't agree to any other plan, but that could be just
               | talk until you refuse to offer them such a sweet deal.
        
         | naasking wrote:
         | > Without the presentation of this evidence, you never get a
         | guilty plea.
         | 
         | Firstly, I don't necessarily agree that you could never get a
         | guilty plea. The government has lots of resources and the
         | threat of scrutinizing you and going after you for years is a
         | significant pressure. For sure this can be abused, but my point
         | is only that this blanket assumption that the government just
         | has to grant immunity or throw up its hands seems like a false
         | choice.
         | 
         | Secondly, total immunity is a pretty broad guarantee though.
         | Why not trade a maximum penalty for that evidence, instead of
         | no penalty at all?
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | > Why not trade a maximum penalty for that evidence
           | 
           | Because of 5th Amendment issues.
           | 
           | If there's a penalty associated with talking about evidence,
           | then they'll just plead the 5th Amendment. Only with total
           | immunity can you bypass the 5th Amendment and _FORCE_ them to
           | talk.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > Because of 5th Amendment issues.
             | 
             | What does the 5th Amendment have to do with offering
             | someone a plea deal on some count in return for testimony,
             | and immunity for other things that come up in that
             | testimony?
             | 
             | I'm pretty sure it's common.
        
             | naasking wrote:
             | Sorry, I don't see how that follows. A guarantee that "you
             | will only get sentenced for X years regardless of what you
             | admit" does not seem meaningfully different if X is zero or
             | one.
             | 
             | edit: not meaningfully different with respect to the 5th,
             | obviously it's meaningfully different with respect to
             | "justice", as getting off scott free rubs many people the
             | wrng way.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | If X is zero, you did not admit to the crime (and
               | therefore, the 5th Amendment doesn't apply)
               | 
               | If X is non-zero, you admit to the crime (and therefore,
               | retain the ability to plead the 5th).
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | I don't understand. Any immunity deal entails revealing
               | criminal behaviour. That is an admission, and admission
               | is the whole reason immunity is granted.
               | 
               | Edit: the point being that the limit on their sentence is
               | contingent on not pleading the 5th.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | > Any immunity deal entails revealing criminal behaviour.
               | 
               | You are mistaken.
               | 
               | Lets say "Alice" is the boss you're after, and Bob is a
               | close associate of Alice, and Bob _MIGHT_ have committed
               | a crime. Nobody knows if Bob is actually a criminal (and
               | indeed, Bob is in that weird grey-zone of the law,
               | skirting legal issues and just barely being legal). You
               | give Bob immunity so that he's more comfortable in
               | testifying in court. "Just in case" his actions
               | constitute a crime. Especially if Bob knows something
               | about Alice (just in case Alice is "The Boss")
               | 
               | Immunity doesn't "entail" criminal behavior. It just
               | entails likely criminal associations (which is NOT a
               | crime). Immunity protection ranges from everywhere from
               | "Completely innocent but they wanted immunity, so might
               | as well give it to them", to "Completely guilty, but
               | getting their testimony will get bigger fish", and
               | everything in between. Its a tool, like any other tool it
               | has proper and improper uses.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >Firstly, I don't necessarily agree that you could never get
           | a guilty plea. The government has lots of resources and the
           | threat of scrutinizing you and going after you for years is a
           | significant pressure
           | 
           | Realistically speaking government resources is still limited.
           | They can bring the hammer down on Julian Assange because he's
           | a high profile person they want to make an example of, but
           | that approach isn't scalable for every mid level manager that
           | they want to investigate.
        
       | kaiju0 wrote:
       | Bankruptcy is a deal with the court on restructuring or
       | insolvency. Both parties have to agree. They will simply not take
       | the deal if the risk is high for them.
        
         | cool_dude85 wrote:
         | The article specifically mentions this objection. Many of the
         | plaintiffs don't agree and the settlement is forced on them
         | anyways by the judge. In fact, even people who aren't involved
         | in the lawsuit at all, and so never agreed or disagreed, can
         | get nailed by this.
        
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