[HN Gopher] EU electricity production by country and source
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       EU electricity production by country and source
        
       Author : fulafel
       Score  : 207 points
       Date   : 2022-11-06 09:28 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (transparency.entsoe.eu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (transparency.entsoe.eu)
        
       | Reason077 wrote:
       | The "ElectricityMaps" app is a great place to see it all in a
       | live, visual form:
       | 
       | https://app.electricitymaps.com/map
        
         | parminya wrote:
         | Why does Canada report information for so few
         | provinces/territories? Are they unwilling or unable to collect
         | the information?
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Some grids are more open than others. ElectricityMap scrapes
           | public system operator websites ("ISOs") or government data
           | aggregators (US EIA balancing areas or ENTSOE in Europe) for
           | their data.
           | 
           | To my knowledge, outside of Europe, there is no data
           | reporting requirement, so this is all best effort (but it's
           | pretty good for best effort imho).
        
         | neuronic wrote:
         | Just saw that OPs linked website is the source for (some of)
         | the data displayed there. Really cool.
        
         | sgu999 wrote:
         | Australia is so outrageous. So much land, sun, wind, and money
         | but no, they'll just use coal thank you.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | kzrdude wrote:
           | Not "just" - that's not painting the whole picture. Go to NSW
           | (Australia) on the map. Look at the left hand side panel.
           | Look at production during midday - it says 55-60% of power
           | comes from solar energy for that time of day.
           | 
           | If you look at the snapshot at the current time (of this
           | posting), the sun has gone down and there's less solar power.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | https://www.theguardian.com/australia-
           | news/2019/may/29/austr...
        
           | krzyk wrote:
           | Coal is cheaper than crating solar panels and storage of
           | electricity for them.
           | 
           | Wind has other issues. There is no silver bullet here.
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | Coal is not cheaper for them. And hasnt been for well over
             | a decade.
             | 
             | https://www.csiro.au/-/media/News-
             | releases/2022/GenCost-2022...
             | 
             | They just had a government that wanted to funnel money to
             | their backers in coal industry.
        
               | Aunche wrote:
               | Solar has a much higher upfront cost than coal, so it's
               | much easier to finance a coal plant than solar one. That
               | said, this is a better excuse for poorer, developing
               | countries than Australia.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Yes, the WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) explains
               | why it made financial sense to roll out solar PV in
               | northern European countries before many sunnier areas.
               | 
               | But as you say, Australia has no such excuse, having both
               | the geography and the cost of capital to be a world
               | leader in this, way beyond what they are now, which is
               | okay but could have been much, much better.
               | 
               | Also points to an easy way to provide assistance to any
               | country that is trapped into this financial dead-end.
        
               | thrown_22 wrote:
               | So how much can I buy solar power for at midnight?
               | Because coal is the same price at noon and now.
               | 
               | That solar is cheaper at noon doesn't mean much. It's a
               | bit like saying that coal is free underground.
        
               | js8 wrote:
               | > So how much can I buy solar power for at midnight?
               | 
               | That's a bit like saying that there is no point in
               | growing crops in Europe, because of the winter.
        
               | DFHippie wrote:
               | Those are different goalposts.
        
               | thrown_22 wrote:
               | You're right. We can just turn off society between sunset
               | and sunrise. Who needs things like refrigeration and life
               | support on all the time anyway?
        
               | DFHippie wrote:
               | Let me translate my post: You changed the topic.
        
               | thrown_22 wrote:
               | Let me explain my point: power is not energy and energy
               | is not power.
               | 
               | Renewable power is cheap in the same way someone whose
               | head is dipped in liquid nitrogen and whose feet are in
               | molten lead in over all pretty comfortable.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | The chart _Figure 2-1 Comparison of current cost
               | estimates with previous work_ also has wind power, which
               | is also cheaper than coal, and has been for longer than
               | solar has.
               | 
               | Plus, Australia has hydro, which can be varied to fill
               | the gaps.
               | 
               | > Greater confidence in role of wind and solar PV:
               | GenCost previously included a Diverse technology scenario
               | which explored the case where deployment of variable
               | renewables was more limited and other technologies played
               | a larger role. Stakeholder feedback received during
               | AEMO's 2020-21 Australian scenario development process
               | found that it was unlikely that alternative technologies
               | will be able to compete in a significant way with
               | renewables. This reflects relatively uncompetitive gas
               | prices, a lack of confidence in the future cost
               | competitiveness of CCS technologies and abundant low-cost
               | renewable resources.
               | 
               | Their 2030 forcasts also include costs for grid
               | integration for different percentages of variable
               | renewable.
        
             | FBISurveillance wrote:
             | There is, nuclear fission now _and_ invest into nuclear
             | fusion.
             | 
             | Best time to invest heavily in fusion was 20 years ago,
             | second best time is now.
        
               | evilos wrote:
               | IMO fission is already plenty for our current/near-term
               | energy needs.
               | 
               | We should definitely continue the pace on fusion but it's
               | not strictly necessary. We should prioritize deploying
               | proven technology ASAP.
        
             | evilos wrote:
             | France decarbonized (up to 90% ish) their electricity
             | generation in the span of 10 years, back in 1985.
             | Unfortunately they've been sabotaging their nuclear power
             | plants for years now, in favor of renewable energy.
        
               | AirStreamer27 wrote:
               | Genius decision making well done France
        
               | sveme wrote:
               | Sabotaging? In what way is a drop in river water levels
               | during a summer drought and maintenance issues a kind of
               | sabotage?
        
               | evilos wrote:
               | Essentially these plants are forced to be unprofitable
               | via energy laws.
               | 
               | For example, the nuclear plants are forced to sell their
               | energy to energy traders at unprofitable low rates but
               | those traders are never required to buy the energy and if
               | the price of energy drops below this rate (AFTER it was
               | bought) then the traders can just "return" the energy and
               | the operators have to eat it. This happened during covid
               | when energy prices collapsed due to lack of demand. These
               | middlemen profit off of cheap nuclear energy instead of
               | rate payers.
               | 
               | In addition, the nuclear plants must pay a 23 euro per
               | MWh tax that subsidizes the operation of renewable
               | energy. Since the plants are forced to sell their energy
               | below cost and subsidize renewable generation, they are
               | not profitable and aren't given the proper funds to
               | maintain/improve these plants. So then these plants look
               | bad/expensive and the ministers in charge demand that
               | these plants are closed down before the end of their
               | life. Even though the upfront costs have already been
               | paid and the electricity they make are far cheaper than
               | renewable generation if you don't force these crazy
               | disadvantages on them.
               | 
               | Mark Nelson talks about theses problems in this
               | interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isgu-VrD0oM
        
               | PaywallBuster wrote:
               | some of the recent issues were due to lack of maintenance
               | or delayed maintenance during covid
        
           | starfallg wrote:
           | Australia has the 3rd largest coal reserves in the world, and
           | relatively small population, so economically it makes sense
           | for them as upfront investment is lower for coal compared to
           | renewables, as a lot of the cost of coal power is in the
           | extraction.
           | 
           | Obviously not good for the long-term, nor good for the
           | planet, but this is the same driver for coal power also
           | (which we indirectly contribute to due to the sheer amount of
           | goods they export to the advanced economies).
        
           | howeman wrote:
           | Australia has the most installed solar capacity per capita in
           | the world, and has installed nearly 4GW of solar in the last
           | 12 months alone. They're also making strong moves on battery
           | storage
           | 
           | They started behind the curve, but they're moving quickly,
           | relatively at least
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | Poland is nearly all coal too while Germany is right next
           | door and 50% renewable.
        
           | geertj wrote:
           | Very sad indeed. Curious if there's any aussies here that can
           | share the local perspective.
        
             | thrown_22 wrote:
             | Worked in energy as a quant a few years back: the current
             | 'greening' of the grid is nothing of the sort. It's just a
             | cash grab by creating extreme volatility in energy prices.
             | On the right (wrong) days you had swings of $10,000 USD
             | within 5 minutes of each other.
             | 
             | The net result was the grid being taken over by the
             | government after a series of rolling blackouts in a number
             | of states and letting everything rip. All this is was
             | directly attributed to _one_ coal station going offline
             | unexpectedly and losing the baseload it generated.
             | 
             | I can write a book on how fucked the market here is.
        
               | evilos wrote:
               | I just saw a great interview of Robert Parker that
               | touched on some of this. Highly recommend the "Decouple"
               | podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4mGbTiRC8U
        
               | howeman wrote:
               | Any references to read more?
        
             | noibl wrote:
             | It's nighttime and there is no wind. That's the downside of
             | extrapolating from real-time data.
             | 
             | A couple of highlights from Australia's energy transition
             | story in the last few days, which show some of the work
             | being done at state level in spite of a largely renewables-
             | hostile federal government over the last several years:
             | 
             | > the Western Australia grid ... reached 82 per cent
             | renewables for a half-hour period on October 30 ... and it
             | is likely that new peak is the highest for any gigawatt-
             | scale grid in the world.
             | 
             | > South Australia ... has established the world's highest
             | share of renewables - as a percentage of demand - in any
             | gigawatt scale grid in the world, when it reached 146 per
             | cent on September 14. The excess is, of course, exported to
             | the neighbouring state, in this case Victoria.
             | 
             | -- https://reneweconomy.com.au/the-stunning-wind-and-solar-
             | leap... [2022-11-04]
             | 
             | > [NSW is seeking] solutions on replacing 10GW of coal
             | capacity that is likely to leave the grid within the next
             | decade.
             | 
             | > Those plans are being accelerated by fast-tracked
             | closures of the main coal generators, including Liddell
             | early next year, Eraring in 2025, and Bayswater as early as
             | 2030. Vales Point is expected to close by 2029, leaving Mt
             | Piper with the only uncertain closure time.
             | 
             | -- https://reneweconomy.com.au/nsw-formally-declares-its-
             | third-... [2022-11-04]
        
             | KyeRussell wrote:
             | We had ~10 years of a government in the pocket of fossil
             | fuel companies. It's that simple. Our last PM brought a
             | piece of coal into parliament as a prop, telling everyone
             | that they shouldn't be afraid of it. The bloke genuinely
             | took the "let God deal with it" strategy, which is more
             | palatable or at least common in the US, but was quite
             | jarring here.
             | 
             | With a new government and increased market pressures, the
             | tides are turning, quite erratically though, because of
             | time/market pressure, mismanagement, incompetence,
             | opportunistic capitalists, and whatever else.
        
           | thrown_22 wrote:
           | You can burn coal at night.
           | 
           | Turning the sun on at midnight is somewhat more difficult.
        
             | e12e wrote:
             | Meh @69 degrees Northern latitude ;) Now, turning the sun
             | on in December otoh...
        
               | thrown_22 wrote:
               | It's currently midnight in Australia. Please advice on
               | how to turn on sun.
        
               | e12e wrote:
               | Here it's half past three and the sun set an hour ago -
               | and polar night starts on the 28th.
               | 
               | My silly point was mostly that solar has its limits. Here
               | we have polar day in summer - so the sun does not set (at
               | midnight or otherwise).
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Interesting that even on the yearly chart almost all green and
         | greenish areas get their 'green' power from hydro and nuclear
         | by large. If only wind and solar produced as much power as they
         | do talk.
        
           | maccard wrote:
           | At least in the UK, wind right now is over 30% of our power
           | generation [0]. I don't have links handy but wind regularly
           | exceeds most other sources here. How much more do you want it
           | to provide before you'd consider it not just talk?
           | 
           | [0] https://www.gridwatch.templar.co.uk/
        
           | themitigating wrote:
           | Wind and solar power production is based on how much of that
           | infrastructure exists. You increase the infrastructure by
           | "talking" about it.
        
           | Reason077 wrote:
           | Wind & solar are still in their infancy in much of the world,
           | but are growing very quickly.
           | 
           | In the UK, wind will overtake natural gas as the largest
           | source of electricity in the next few years. It's already
           | producing more than 2.5x as much as all the UK's nuclear
           | plants combined.
           | 
           | By 2025, more than half of all UK electricity will be
           | renewable, and by 2030, 95% will be from low-carbon sources
           | (including nuclear).
        
             | IMSAI8080 wrote:
             | There's several places where you can see the UK's power
             | generation live. Right this second we're running on 31%
             | wind power. We're just rolling into peak power usage times
             | so probably different when you click the link.
             | 
             | https://grid.iamkate.com/
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | Renewable energy installation has broken records for newly-
           | installed capacity every year, even during the pandemic-
           | induced supply chain chaos and material price instability,
           | and is projected to do so this year as well. However, we're
           | still quite early into the curve, and even with the
           | accelerating rate of growth it will be many years before most
           | people are using mostly-renewable power.
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | Hydro is >100yr old technology, nuclear is 75 years old. Wind
           | and solar have been viable for what, 25 and 15 years
           | respectively?
        
             | zdragnar wrote:
             | Both have been around far longer. They've only become
             | "viable" in an economic sense due to advances in materials.
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | If I need (for my small European country) 15 TWh of
           | electricity per year, and my typical rainfall onto catchment
           | area for hydro is enough to do maybe 10 TWh per year, I'm 5
           | TWh short. In the 1980s you'd have probably solved that with
           | CCGT, but that means finding or importing methane (natural
           | gas). If I also build 10 TWh of wind production, even though
           | I can't tell you a year in advance which days it will blow
           | hardest, it _will_ blow, and now my total capacity is enough
           | to run solid green, because when the wind blows the hydro
           | schemes save water to use another day.
           | 
           | Wind production varies year on year, but only maybe 10% where
           | the variation day to day is almost 100%. So wind + hydro
           | should pair nicely because the hydro plant can ramp up or
           | down production as appropriate.
        
             | ricardobayes wrote:
             | It sounds good on paper, but sadly it's not trivial in
             | those small European countries, Hungary tried that (in the
             | 70s), but was blocked due to some political nonsense. https
             | ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C4%8D%C3%ADkovo%E2%80%93Na...
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | The renewables buildout is still ongoing, while the nuclear
           | and hydro areas were built decades ago. The hydro areas are
           | also mostly former glaciated areas, which is a great
           | advantage in terms of suitable sites.
           | 
           | The post-first-oil-crash nuclear buildout might have
           | continued if it hadn't been for the combination of fossil
           | fuel becoming cheap again and Chernobyl fallout covering the
           | entirety of northern Europe. The symbolism of Reagan taking
           | Carter's solar panels off the White House made it clear that
           | wasn't going to be the path.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | The initial nuclear rollout ran into capacity factor
             | issues. They barely broke even at 90+% capacity factors
             | with subsidies and would have needed increasing subsidies
             | to become as common as coal. Ultra cheap energy storage
             | would have fixed the issue, but nothing was viable at the
             | time.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, renewables cause similar issues. If solar
             | tanks wholesale prices for 8 hours a day nuclear needs to
             | make that up on the other 16. Meanwhile Solar hits the same
             | wall once it needs energy storage.
             | 
             | Hydro ran out of ideal locations in most countries etc
             | which is why we have so many different energy sources. The
             | only way things hangs is if the underlying economics does.
             | Nuclear with an 80% reduction in operating and
             | decommissioned costs would largely take over the world.
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | >They barely broke even at 90+% capacity factors
               | 
               | It never broke even anywhere. It's the most subsidy
               | addicted form of power.
               | 
               | >Unfortunately, renewables cause similar issues. If solar
               | tanks wholesale prices for 8 hours a day nuclear needs to
               | make that up on the other 16.
               | 
               | Wind can make a lot of that up. Solar and wind anti-
               | correlate. Those dark, cold winters also tend to be the
               | windiest and vice versa.
               | 
               | Apparently we'd need 5 hours of storage to get to a 97%
               | carbon free grid under current usage patterns:
               | https://reneweconomy.com.au/a-near-100-per-cent-
               | renewables-g...
               | 
               | Australia is already on track to have half of that
               | already with snowy 2 (350Gwh).
               | 
               | This also doesn't take into account stuff like
               | https://octopus.energy/agile/ that can use pricing to
               | adjust demand to supply. Heating, car battery charging,
               | industrial processes like aluminum smelting - _lots_ of
               | demand can be time shifted easily.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > nuclear needs to make that up on the other 16.
               | 
               | I am specifically referring to a nuclear power plant's
               | _income_ here. If they averaged 10c per kWh over a year
               | that's X$ /year. To make that same X$/year when wholesale
               | prices are 2c/kWh for 8 hours a day they would need to be
               | average 14c/kWh for 16 hours to average 10c/kWh over a
               | full day. Aka (8 * 2c + 16 * 14c)/24 = 10c
               | 
               | The above is of course a simplification of a complex
               | market, but illustrates a real effect related to the
               | "duck curve."
        
               | tomatocracy wrote:
               | Of course, this is why markets where everyone is forced
               | to sell into a single pool don't work. If you let them
               | sign a PPA for baseload electricity with a consumer who
               | values that certainty (and there are many) for the whole
               | year at 10c/kWh then there is no issue.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Yes and no, PPA don't change the underlying economics. In
               | the above model, of batteries added 20c/kWh then Nuclear
               | averages cheaper over a full day. If batteries added
               | 10c/kWh then Solar ends up cheaper over a full day.
               | 
               | The underlying issue is nobody wants a PPA that lasts for
               | the full 40+ year lifespan of a new nuclear reactor and
               | battery prices are still falling. Enough subsides can
               | make anything viable, but western governments have
               | largely lost interest in doing so.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | > They barely broke even at 90+% capacity factors
               | 
               | I don't understand this line of argument - that's a high
               | capacity factor! And it's not a dirunal or annual one
               | either, it's a predictable "we need to shut down to
               | refuel" one. It sounds like it wouldn't have broken even,
               | even at 100% capacity factor? At which point it's no
               | longer "too cheap to meter" but "nuclear power is too
               | expensive". And that's before we even dig into capex vs
               | opex vs decommissioning vs disaster insurance.
               | 
               | Hinkley point C is guaranteed a price of PS92 per
               | megawatt hour (or 9.2p/kWh), when it finally comes
               | online.
        
               | Reason077 wrote:
               | > _"Hinkley point C is guaranteed a price of PS92 per
               | megawatt hour (or 9.2p /kWh)"_
               | 
               | It's actually PS92.50 in 2012 money, _inflation
               | adjusted_.
               | 
               | Given current inflation, the strike price is likely to be
               | well over PS160/MWh when it comes online, now estimated
               | to be 2027.
               | 
               | (Fun fact: Hinkley Point C is the most expensive power
               | plant ever built, anywhere in the world)
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | A high capacity factor sounds like a benefit, however
               | demand isn't a constant. The perfect power source would
               | be capable of running 24/7 but be _profitable_ if run for
               | 1 hour a year.
               | 
               | In the electrical industry a base load generation has
               | historically been the least valuable electricity and it's
               | the only way Nuclear can operate.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Nuclear requires 90%+ of utilization to be competitive.
               | They reached a wall once they provide enough power that
               | they would have to be cut down for 10% of the time.
               | 
               | What is completely different from solar, that is
               | outcompeting everything with ~20% utilization, and making
               | the alternatives more expensive on the process... What is
               | a problem because it can't provide more than ~20%
               | utilization.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | > Ultra cheap energy storage would have fixed the issue,
               | but nothing was viable at the time.
               | 
               | For making nuclear viable, "ultra cheap" here would have
               | to be a negative price.
               | 
               | The similarity of the problems with renewables is only
               | that they benefit from storage. Without any similarity on
               | the economics.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The negative externalities of fossil fuels justified some
               | level of relative subsidies. Either by taxing pollution
               | or direct subsidies of nuclear power.
               | 
               | Even ignoring global warming smog and acid rain have been
               | known issues for a very long time. On top of this many
               | countries lacked domestic supplies of fossil fuels.
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | >Chernobyl fallout covering the entirety of northern Europe
             | 
             | Of course, nothing of the sort happened.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-36112372
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Just a correction, those weren't solar panels on the White
             | House, they were solar water heaters.
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | Even that was too much for ol Ronnie x)
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | The correction is incorrect. Thermal solar panels are
               | still solar panels, even though they are not PV panels.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | And a chinese billionaire who started with solar water
               | heaters and moved into PV has them on display in his
               | solar power museum.
               | 
               |  _Where did the Carter White House Solar Panels go?_
               | 
               | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/carter-white-
               | hous...
        
           | Thlom wrote:
           | It does, sometimes, causing electricity price to go negative.
           | 
           | This summer our local Hydro dam was full. But instead of
           | generating electricity at full capacity they had to open the
           | overflow valves because it was windy and the local wind farm
           | was producing at full capacity and the transmission lines
           | does not have capacity to handle both wind and hydro at full
           | capacity.
           | 
           | Our price was hovering around 0 all summer.
        
             | b4je7d7wb wrote:
             | It would be an environmental disaster if someone mined
             | bitcoin there.
        
           | brnt wrote:
           | I clicked on two green countries at random and they both
           | showed wind to be the top producer. Are we looking at the
           | same map?
        
           | beberlei wrote:
           | I find your statement is slightly misleading, when there are
           | just barely two handful green countries over the whole year
           | and half of them have wind energy with at least 30% share, a
           | few even as primary source.
        
         | dudeinjapan wrote:
         | US pacific northwest hydropower FTW. Roll on Columbia roll on
        
       | hokkos wrote:
       | I built https://energygraph.info based partially on ENTSO-E data,
       | it uses grafana and a custom plug-in for the maps, focused on
       | French nuclear and European eletricity with flow, day ahead
       | prices and live and cumulative production by type or individual
       | units.
        
         | belter wrote:
         | Great work. Interesting site.
         | 
         | I find it stunning that Germany, a country that according to
         | Wikipedia has about the same solar potential as Alaska,
         | produced 16,4GW ! from Solar, this last 2 November.
        
           | affgrff2 wrote:
           | Does solar potential take into account the total area of the
           | country?
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | As far as I can tell, the comparison is made based on the
             | average number of sun hours per day, which is about 3 for
             | both Germany and Alaska. I'm not sure that "sun hours" is a
             | sensible measure for solar potential, but if it is, the
             | energy produced would be proportional to the area utilized
             | for solar panels.
        
       | jphsnsir wrote:
       | The residential solar which is immediately used by the house, is
       | it counted in this table?
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | No
        
         | tinco wrote:
         | No, and keep in mind the map paints a much rosier picture than
         | reality if you're concerned about climate. Just grid electrity
         | is but a fraction of total energy use, and nearly all other
         | energy is gathered from burning gas, oil and coal.
        
       | shapefrog wrote:
       | I am always (plesantly) suprised to see just how high the amount
       | of renewables are. It really is quite contrary to the naratives -
       | on both sides of the debate.
       | 
       | Huge progress has been made over not that long a timeline, if
       | nothing more than diversifying the sources of power. More can be
       | done but it is impressive all the same.
        
         | spaniard89277 wrote:
         | It's still too little too late. In Spain we still burn a lot of
         | gas. In the last 12m gas was the main source of electricity.
         | 
         | And then it's everything which isn't electricity. For a more
         | clear picture, look for sankey diagrams like this one [1],
         | which shows how electricity is actually a small part of the
         | equation.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/sankey/energy/sankey.htm...
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | That diagram only shows waste heat when converting to
           | electricity.
           | 
           | So if fossil fuels get converted to electricity it shows the
           | roughly 50% loss, but if they're used in cars it doesn't show
           | the 80% loss.
           | 
           | Electrifying everything makes a big difference, so much so
           | that people quoting primary energy figures rather than final
           | energy (the stuff we actually use to do stuff) are liars.
           | 
           | And this diagram, which is misrepresenting transport fuel as
           | if it was final energy is also misleading for similar
           | reasons.
        
           | shapefrog wrote:
           | > It's still too little too late.
           | 
           | Thats what the activist blockading my commuter train was
           | hysterically screaming too.
           | 
           | When you are packed 3 deep and 3 high on an electic train
           | being screamed at that you are personally destroying the
           | planet (by taking this train to work?) it brings the climate
           | wars home.
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | I'm highly skeptical of your story. I'm 99.9% even the most
             | tone-deaf activist would not block an electric train, if
             | the objective of their campaign is to replace cars with
             | trains and bikes. I find this hard to believe.
             | 
             | Plus, how do you even blockade a train?
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | You jump on the roof while your fellow activist glue
               | their hand to the side. 14% of those activists polled
               | were down with it, not 0.01%.
               | 
               | "A poll on the Extinction Rebellion Telegram chat showed
               | 86 per cent of members were against action targeting the
               | London Underground. Just 4 per cent approved of the
               | action, while 7 per cent approved if they could be sure
               | trains wouldn't get blocked underground."
               | 
               | https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/breaking-angry-
               | commute...
               | 
               | These ones actually managed to get the glue on...
               | https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/47946205
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | Well I stand corrected. How do people like this even
               | exist. What's the deal here, false flag or useful idiots?
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | I believe the _idea_ was that the commuters were going to
               | jobs that destroyed the planet. I can only assume that
               | philosophically they were ok with people taking public
               | transport to work, but they disapproved of the jobs they
               | were going to.
        
               | Joeri wrote:
               | To add context, in greta's climate book there's a whole
               | narrative on how the climate and sustainability crisis is
               | a consequence of the current global economic model that
               | incentivizes consumption and growth, so people that are
               | on their way to the financial district and therefore
               | probably work to support that model would be considered
               | enemies of the planet by those activists. Their mode of
               | transportation would be immaterial to that.
               | 
               | They're not in favor of communism either by the way, they
               | want the global economic system reformed to become
               | sustainable and they consider the job of doing that a
               | responsibility of the powers that be.
        
             | moooo99 wrote:
             | > When you are packed 3 deep and 3 high on an electic train
             | being screamed at that you are personally destroying the
             | planet (by taking this train to work?) it brings the
             | climate wars home.
             | 
             | Had the displeasure of meeting some of those activists as
             | well. While I don't support their means of protest (in
             | Germany the constantly glue themselves onto the street) I
             | understand their message. However, considering the
             | activists blocked a packed tram line that is powered
             | exclusively by renewables, I'm not sure if they themselves
             | understand the issues completely.
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | Gluing yourself to a tram or the street in 2022 is having
               | zero (positive) effect. The transition from fossil fuel
               | to electrictiy and clean forms of electricity has been
               | happening for a decade plus now - maybe the greenpeacer
               | of the late 90's can legitimately claim credit. No policy
               | maker is seeing these activists at work and changing
               | their mind about anything.
               | 
               | The offshore wind farm opening in 2023 is not a product
               | of that activist gluing themselves to something, and the
               | one planned for 10 years from now is not either. The
               | train, towards clean electricity and near zero oil is in
               | motion, has been for quite some time, and the only
               | question is how fast it is travelling.
               | 
               | I would love to see it move faster, and certainly anyone
               | actually pulling the strings of investment are looking at
               | a coventional power plant vs renewables and throwing
               | their money at renewables faster than people can take it.
               | It is only amongst the chattering masses and everyone
               | having their voice heard on twitter that there is much
               | debate.
        
               | cauch wrote:
               | Hm, I'm not on the side of those annoying activists, but
               | I think your assertions have no ground.
               | 
               | Existence of "extremists" usually helps "moderates" make
               | things change. Without the "extremists", the "moderates"
               | ARE the "extremists" and will not be taken seriously. It
               | reminds me of how without the Black Panther Party, some
               | white moderates would have not accepted propositions from
               | Martin Luther King.
               | 
               | I think that wind farms and renewables would not be there
               | if there was no pressure from extremists that helped
               | deciders realize that wind farms and renewables are not
               | just a whim from few ecologists.
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | > the greenpeacer of the late 90's can legitimately claim
               | credit
               | 
               | They were swiming against the tide - today they are
               | swiming with a pretty rapidly moving current.
               | 
               | > wind farms and renewables would not be there if there
               | was no pressure from extremists
               | 
               | Wind farms and renewables that exist today because
               | someone in June 2022 glued their hand to a road. They are
               | the product of research and development and planning
               | under corporations and governments 3/4/5 leaders ago. In
               | the context of the UK - 2014 for consent to build Hornsea
               | which started delivering power in 2020. With each
               | successful phase they keep asking to build more, it is
               | the success of the project that had them proposing part 2
               | and now in 2022 part 3. The person glued to the pavement
               | can claim Hornsea 3 is their doing but _personally_ I
               | dont think they are moving the needle at all.
               | 
               | If you could build a wind farm, and sell off 50% of the
               | interest in the project for what it cost to build - you
               | would be planning the next one as well.
               | 
               | https://www.offshorewind.biz/2022/03/28/orsted-divesting-
               | hal...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornsea_Wind_Farm
        
               | cauch wrote:
               | Nobody is pretending that today's wind farms are the
               | result of someone gluing their hand to a road in June
               | 2022 (the fact that you are framing the discussion as if
               | it is the case is not a good start). But it is incorrect
               | to say that it's obvious wind farms would have happened
               | without people doing similar things in their time. Maybe
               | you are too young, but people doing similar things as
               | people gluing their hands today existed way before 2014.
               | 
               | You take Hornsea, it is a good example: projects from
               | industry in UK existed for a long time, but were unlocked
               | only due to European Union promotion and subsidies for
               | renewable energy, which itself would not have existed
               | without the need for Germany to boost renewable because
               | they decided to go out of nuclear, because of the
               | ecologist protests in 1980-1990. Hornsea is the result of
               | the 2010 European Union push for 20% renewable, and would
               | not have existed (at least not as early) otherwise,
               | because EU funding was, obviously, a really good
               | incentive. Before that, there were wind power industry
               | pushing for projects in UK (such wind power industry
               | groups exists since 1970), but they were not very often
               | taken on board by the UK government. Also, Hornsea has
               | deemed economically profitable because it used efficient
               | technology created due to the push for renewable that was
               | in general a political move due to pressure of ecologist
               | protests.
        
             | cauch wrote:
             | Having annoying activists is unavoidable, especially as
             | long as we also have climate change deniers or climate
             | emergency underestimaters, and therefore, we should learn
             | to not be deterred to still do the right thing.
             | 
             | People opinions on what actions are probably similar to
             | Gaussian curves, with two consequences: 1) you may be
             | situated on the mean value, but you may not, and you have
             | almost no way to know (personal assessments are so biased
             | they are worth nothing) 2) it is unrealistic to expect that
             | no one will exist on the left or on the right of you. There
             | will always be annoying people that will go too far. As
             | long as those are agreeing on the climate emergency
             | problem, considering that they are a problem that need to
             | be solved is just a waste of time. Just live with it.
             | 
             | If it makes you feel better, you may even consider that the
             | existence of those annoying activists is the consequence of
             | the lack of action of people who are downplaying the
             | climate change emergency. If the second ones don't exist,
             | the first ones would not exist too.
        
             | spaniard89277 wrote:
             | So what? is having annoying activists make it less true?
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | you are personally destroying the planet
        
               | telmo wrote:
               | People will grasp at anything to avoid confronting harsh
               | truths and personal responsibility.
               | 
               | We are facing an existential threat to civilization
               | itself, but some kids have thrown some soup at a painting
               | so I guess our hands are tied now...
        
         | Krasnol wrote:
         | Hard to imagine how far Germany could have been today if they
         | weren't trapped for 16 years by a party which did everything it
         | could to stop renewable expansion. Crippling the national
         | industry and selling it out to China this way.
        
           | jussij wrote:
           | I suspect that might b the same story in a few other
           | countries around the world. Here in Australia, we had a
           | decade of these 'climate wars'.
        
             | Krasnol wrote:
             | I'm sure it is and it will continue to be since renewable
             | energy has become some "evil tool" of the eco/leftist-
             | conspiracy for the international-anti-intellectual bubble.
        
             | parminya wrote:
             | Time didn't stop in the pandemic. The 2007 election was
             | fought on the topic of a carbon transition. It's at least a
             | decade and a half, and the anti-transition side hasn't
             | given up yet so it's still ongoing. If the Andrews
             | government is returned it may be the beginning of the end
             | with their proposal for a renewables oriented renewed SEC,
             | but it won't be the end for the country as a whole.
        
         | jdthedisciple wrote:
         | Don't forget this is only _electrical_ tough.
         | 
         | This has been pretty well known in my country at least.
         | 
         | However, the full picture isn't so glamorous once you take all
         | energy types into account.
         | 
         | But I agree with you that generally too much panic is being
         | created.
        
           | shapefrog wrote:
           | Many people are saying, "but it is only electricity".
           | 
           | Of course, however, is there anything where the conversion
           | has been from electic to petrol / gas / coal? My car is going
           | electic, my bolier is going electric. This isnt new, it has
           | been the path of travel for a while now.
           | 
           | Unless Nvidia has really f'd up their calculations my 5090
           | graphics card isnt going to be coal powered.
        
             | jdthedisciple wrote:
             | That's fine for your home, but not when you extend your
             | gaze to where all those items are actually produced:
             | Industries.
        
             | exact_string wrote:
             | I think the point of "But it is only electricity" means
             | that _currently_ the situation is not as good as one might
             | think based on electricity production.
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | To quote from elsewhere.
               | 
               | "Coal-fired power stations emit over 10 Gt of carbon
               | dioxide each year,[4] about one fifth of world greenhouse
               | gas emissions, so are the single largest cause of climate
               | change"
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_station
               | 
               | The counter factual; if the 60% of electricity coming
               | form wind or sunshine at this instant was from coal, then
               | 10 Gt of carbon dioxide each year becomes 20/30/40/50 Gt
               | of carbon dioxide each year and global emmisions are
               | significantly more than what they are now.
               | 
               | Purely hypothetical, but it is where _we_ were.
        
           | maccard wrote:
           | > But I agree with you that generally too much panic is being
           | created.
           | 
           | Unfortunately without the panic we wouldn't have even gotten
           | where we are. The last decade's progress has been excellent,
           | but there was 20 years of stagnation before that. The latest
           | nuclear plant that was opened in the UK was in 1995, and
           | we've not successfully built another since. Meanwhile gas
           | plants have served their entire lifecycle and been
           | decommissioned in that time frame, and are still actively
           | being built (but thankfully no longer planned).
           | 
           | > However, the full picture isn't so glamorous once you take
           | all energy types into account
           | 
           | Why not? Electricity is one of the biggest of energy, and is
           | growing as transport (which is the second largest source of
           | energy usage) is electrifying. Cleaning our electricity
           | sources and moving our largest polluters to electricity is a
           | great path forward. Theres no silver bullet here but what
           | we're doing is pretty much the biggest impact we can make. We
           | should have done it 20 years ago, and we should be doing it
           | quicker now though.
           | 
           | The next biggest source of emissions is from agriculture,
           | mostly from deforestation and oversimplifying for the sake of
           | an internet comment, if the EU, China and the US just ate
           | less beef, that problem would mostly solve itself.
        
         | melling wrote:
         | There are only 8500 coal power plants in the world generating
         | 20% of all emissions.
         | 
         | "Coal-fired power stations emit over 10 Gt of carbon dioxide
         | each year,[4] about one fifth of world greenhouse gas
         | emissions, so are the single largest cause of climate change"
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_station
         | 
         | Half of them were built in the past 20 years?
         | 
         | And we subsidize the industry.
         | 
         | "In 2020 the coal industry was subsidized $US18 billion"
         | 
         | I'm always surprised that we haven't replaced all of them with
         | green energy.
        
           | badpun wrote:
           | Why are you surprised?
        
             | melling wrote:
             | Because it seems like such an obvious problem to solve.
             | 
             | 100Gt of emissions every decade. Coal is also quite
             | polluting and no one wants to live near a coal energy
             | plant.
             | 
             | Those 8500 plants actually move the needle and accelerate
             | climate change by a significant amount.
        
               | headsoup wrote:
               | I only guess because renewables don't yet provide a solid
               | base load power guarantee around the clock in all weather
               | types.
               | 
               | The obvious solution is not having so much demand, but we
               | all want to have that cake and eat it.
        
               | melling wrote:
               | We are half a century into the climate change problem.
               | 
               | How about some better answers?
               | 
               | It appears we've completely missed the initial goals and
               | will experience a larger temperature increase.
               | 
               | 100 million barrels of oil a day. Fossil fuels producing
               | 84% of our energy needs.
               | 
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/rrapier/2020/06/20/bp-
               | review-ne...
        
               | inkblotuniverse wrote:
               | You're welcome to downscale; china won't.
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | With wind and solar we apparently only need 3 days of
               | storage. For median household thats about 3x29kwh. It
               | costs 87kwh*150$/kwh=13,050$ to produce such battery (tho
               | sell it at about 5x markup). Given property prices and
               | how much it costs to upgrade grid, small residential
               | batteries is no brainer.
        
           | throwawaylinux wrote:
           | Take a look at global coal consumption (almost entirely
           | driven by China, the world's leading manufacturer of solar
           | panels and a leading adopter of wind power) - https://en.wiki
           | pedia.org/wiki/File:World_Coal_Consumption.sv... - and it's
           | at record highs again this year.
           | 
           | Look at what happened in last ~20-30 years during which time
           | the "green" movement was insisting that nuclear is too late,
           | too costly, and renewables are the better solution to climate
           | change, and that coal can not possibly compete with
           | renewables and coal is dead and coal infrastructure are
           | stranded assets.
           | 
           | The reality of the situation is that renewables can't even
           | keep up, let alone reduce global greenhouse gas emissions,
           | that coal is still one of the cheapest ways to generate
           | power. And after China we still have half the world's
           | population hasn't even started its energy consumption
           | S-curve.
           | 
           | The people who thought fossil fuels were done for and
           | renewables would just magically kill them and solve the
           | problem -- with no need to look at serious investment in
           | nuclear and hydro and real carbon pricing -- were lied to by
           | fossil-fuel backed "green" propaganda.
        
         | Matumio wrote:
         | That's also my impression, there is a lot of progress these
         | days. Though, to protect that optimism, don't look up the
         | annual world CO2 emissions.
        
           | shapefrog wrote:
           | > don't look up the annual world CO2 emissions.
           | 
           | They look bad, but certainly the rate of badness is nowhere
           | close to what it once was - if post pandemic emissions are
           | not horrific, then you can make the case that the upward
           | trend is broken.
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
        
       | boshomi wrote:
       | An alternative source from the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar
       | Energy Systems ISE:
       | 
       | - DE: electricity generation by source: https://energy-
       | charts.info/charts/power/chart.htm?l=en&c=DE&...
       | 
       | - FR: Electricity production and spot prices https://energy-
       | charts.info/charts/price_spot_market/chart.ht...
       | 
       | - NL: Annual electricity spot market prices https://energy-
       | charts.info/charts/price_average/chart.htm?l=...
        
       | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
       | how are people who have rooftop solar in the EU facing the
       | electricity crunch against people who don't have that?
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | People with rooftop solar are generally richer than those who
         | don't have rooftop solar so they should weather the rise in
         | prices better regardless.
        
           | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
           | sure, someone who can afford a car should be able to afford
           | 1-3-5 kwh panels, right? btw, do you know how much it costs
           | for a 1kwh or a 5kwh panel + inverter?
        
             | lultimouomo wrote:
             | The question is more whether a) they can afford a roof to
             | put those panels on, or they actually live in a flat (most
             | people in the EU) or rent it out and b) they can afford a
             | car AND the panels, if the car is more or less a necessity
             | for their daily lives, which is often is (not always, I
             | think cars are overused even in Europe)
        
             | jvdvegt wrote:
             | I've just bought 4800kWh solar panels (12*400Wp) and a
             | converter with installation on a flat roof for about EUR
             | 7500.
        
               | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
               | wow.. after subsidies, i paid for 5120Wp panel + 5kwh
               | inverter+installation+earthing for EUR 2222 approx 2
               | years ago.
        
             | perlgeek wrote:
             | A rough rule of thumb is about 1 EUR per 1W of nominal /
             | peak power output if you buy the parts yourself and handle
             | installation, a bit more if you pay for installation as
             | well.
             | 
             | This is from Germany, I hear prices differ a bit between EU
             | countries.
        
         | perlgeek wrote:
         | In general, higher electricity prices mean that rooftop solar
         | amortizes faster, since you save more per kWh that you don't
         | have to purchase from the supplier.
         | 
         | Rates for feed electricity into the grid vary widely within the
         | EU, for example in Germany it's around 6-7ct/kWh for home
         | rooftop solar, in Belgium it depends on the energy company, but
         | goes up to 40ct.
        
           | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
           | you can use that in home without selling to the grid, can't
           | you?
        
             | perlgeek wrote:
             | You basically have these options:
             | 
             | * connect your solar to the grid, sell off the excess
             | (default for larger installations)
             | 
             | * connect your solar to the grid, donate the excess to the
             | grid (easier from the paperwork perspective, doable for
             | very small installations)
             | 
             | * have an "island" installation that's not connected to the
             | main grid, move some devices to that island (you need two
             | separate circuits, need to manage which device to put on
             | which circuit)
             | 
             | * go fully island / off-grid (you only need one circuit,
             | but need battery and enough power generation to go through
             | the winter all by yourself)
             | 
             | The first two are definitively easier, the latter two only
             | for real tinkerers / enthusiasts. So unless you count the
             | latter two, the alternative to selling to the grid is
             | donating the excess to the grid.
        
               | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
               | https://www.phocos.com/product/psw-h-hybrid-inverter-
               | charger...
               | 
               | i own this solar inverter and i get to use on-grid mode
               | when the grid is live during the day and if grid goes
               | dark for any reason, i cut off supply outside and use the
               | solar for home use WITHOUT BATTERIES. Been running this
               | at home for 2 years now, 5 KWH inverter, 5.3 (i think)
               | panels
        
               | reportingsjr wrote:
               | This seems to big missing a major option: * Connect your
               | solar to the grid, but also to a local battery. Charge
               | the battery with excess solar until battery is full, then
               | sell/donate excess.
               | 
               | This has really started to become a viable option with
               | solar panel prices being so low and battery prices
               | (particularly lithium iron phosphate) dropping
               | significantly in the last few years.
               | 
               | Unless this isn't a legal method anywhere in the EU, but
               | I highly doubt that.
        
               | bbu wrote:
               | The additional cost for the battery etc. makes this a
               | less desirable solution. Meaning you won't make up the
               | money you invest.
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | Up here in Lithuania we "store" excess power in grid and
               | then pay a little for transmission when getting it back.
               | Dunno exactly, but selling might be better since power is
               | cheaper at night (but given current events - more
               | expensive in winter).
        
       | synu wrote:
       | Watching the war in Ukraine, it seems like distributed local
       | generation should be a significant part of the mix for national
       | security reasons.
        
       | the8472 wrote:
       | some of that as an interactive map:
       | https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/FR
        
         | bogdanu wrote:
         | It's not accurate, at least for RO. According to an official
         | site, 32% of our electricity comes from wind since yesterday.
         | On this site it says it's 0.5%
        
         | carlosbaraza wrote:
         | This is great. Incredible to see how many countries still
         | greatly depend on coal as a key source of energy, including the
         | US. Macro trends that take hundreds of years to fade out.
        
       | crypt1d wrote:
       | Title is slightly misleading, as the linked website also includes
       | data from European countries which are not in the EU (ie, Serbia,
       | North Macedonia, Bosnia, etc).
        
       | Tade0 wrote:
       | For a more visual overview I recommend:
       | 
       | https://www.electricitymaps.com/
       | 
       | Recently they added a feature enabling the users to see
       | production data per country on a monthly basis.
       | 
       | From that you can see that France still hasn't recovered in terms
       | of nuclear power generation capacity and that, along with high
       | natural gas prices was the perfect storm that caused electricity
       | prices to skyrocket.
       | 
       | They're restarting as we speak and the effect on prices is
       | already visible.
        
         | locallost wrote:
         | Unfortunately the EdF revised their production targets down
         | again, so we are a long way off.
         | 
         | https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insight...
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | Good to know. Well, better safe than sorry I guess.
        
         | kzrdude wrote:
         | Do they have a way to select map colors? I'd like to see one
         | where the color/legend refers to electricity prices, not CO2
         | intensity
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | Nope. But the project is open-source so potentially you could
           | implement this yourself:
           | 
           | https://github.com/electricitymaps/electricitymaps-contrib
        
       | _joel wrote:
       | Given the UK may be having rolling blackouts (fwiw, more
       | curiosity) I've been keeping an eye on this
       | https://grid.iamkate.com/ - nice little dashboard.
        
       | zelphirkalt wrote:
       | The website is funny. They call themselves "transparency
       | platform" and they even got a .eu domain. Yet their cookie
       | consent popup is so not GDPR conform, because it only has an
       | "accept" button and not reject button at all.
       | 
       | Fortunately trusty ol' element zapper gets rid of this and one
       | can still look at the actual content one came for.
        
       | smallerfish wrote:
       | If you have two of the same type of chart on a dashboard, _most
       | likely_ you want the scale of the y axis to be the same on both
       | (unless you very clearly call out the difference). When I land on
       | this I get an "Actual Generation..." chart for Spain and Germany.
       | Each chart is individually scaled, so the largest bars come to
       | around 90ish% on the y axis, but in actual fact Germany's output
       | is roughly (eyeballing it) 2x that of Spain's.
        
       | Simon_O_Rourke wrote:
       | This is awesome data!! Is there an API folks can use to access
       | this data some ML testing?
       | 
       | Would be interested to see how production (and demand) and
       | weather overlap.
        
         | c-fe wrote:
         | entsoe has an API but its horrible XML code. I tried to work
         | with it but just gave up at some point, too painful. I would
         | recommend entsoe_py if you are using python, its pandas-based
         | and does not contain all entsoe functionality but much more
         | pleasant to work with
        
           | hokkos wrote:
           | Just use the csv data, way simpler.
        
         | skagenpilot wrote:
         | On the production side, renewable production is fully
         | influenced by weather and this influences also the other means
         | of production as renewables have "priority" on the grid.
         | 
         | On the demand side, it depends on how people heat (or cool)
         | their home. In France, there is a lot of electrical heating and
         | the partial dependency between temperature and demand is very
         | well understood (and visible in the data). In countries where
         | they rely more on gas story is different.
         | 
         | A good way to study these dependencies is to do load
         | forecasting with white box models such as General Additive
         | Models [1][2], you get the full picture of partial dependencies
         | between your input variables and target variable.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.slideshare.net/cornec/adaptive-gam-12058258 [2]
         | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260448958_Short-Ter...
        
       | alfor wrote:
       | Way more solar and wind than I thought.
       | 
       | It seems Tony Seba is right. With batteries and EV they will
       | displace everything else.
       | 
       | Not that nuclear is evil on anything, but I don't see how it will
       | compete on price.
       | 
       | (I understand the need for baseload, stability, keep what works,
       | etc)
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | Tony has a new series of videos out this week, in which he
         | basically says, told you so:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7vhMcKvHo8
        
         | yodsanklai wrote:
         | > Not that nuclear is evil on anything, but I don't see how it
         | will compete on price.
         | 
         | What's the timeframe until we get 100% renewable? until then,
         | nuclear will be needed and won't have to compete on price.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | "The roadmaps envision 80% conversion by 2030 and 100% by
           | 2050." [1] [2]
           | 
           | Extrapolate out renewable and battery storage uptake rates.
           | You won't get the first kWh from a nuclear plant you start
           | building today for at least a decade. Nuclear will have to
           | compete on price so long as someone has to pay for it.
           | 
           | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17998672
           | 
           | [2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254243
           | 511...
        
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